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I can build fancy electronic 装置s, but can I remember to water my houseplants before they are drooping and brown?
The に引き続いて won't 控訴 all 工場／植物s, but it 作品 井戸／弁護士席 with some. This is not a 15 minute 事業／計画（する）, but it does work, and I've had fun 実験ing with the 詳細（に述べる）s.
I hope you won't be so boring as to 正確に／まさに copy what I've done in every 詳細（に述べる）. I'm sure that the ideas 現在のd here can be 改善するd upon. But as you make modifications, continually ask yourself if your way 保持するs 確かな fail-安全な 準備／条項s in my design. You don't want to find you house watered... just your house 工場／植物s.
A simple plastic "windowbox" was the basis of my 装置. The size isn't 批判的な, but 地雷 is 18cm high, 18cm wide and 60cm long. (7" x 7" x 24")
The windowbox had no drain 穴を開けるs in it... this is important. And it had what was ーするつもりであるd as a tray to go under the box. That tray, happily for my needs, fit nicely into the 最高の，を越す of the window box.
I'm using the tray as a tray for several 工場／植物s, and the box for a 貯蔵所 for the water for the 工場／植物s. All that is 行方不明の from the 製図／抽選 below is the pump that takes water from the 貯蔵所 and puts it into the 工場／植物's マリファナs. (Sorry about the illustrations, by the way. Getting this out the door was my 優先... maybe I'll feel artistic one day. Do 令状 if you find you can't tell from them what you せねばならない be able to.)
詳細（に述べる）s will be 供給するd later, but first the overview:
Once every day or so, water is pumped from the 貯蔵所 の上に the 最高の，を越す of the 国／地域 in the 工場／植物 マリファナs. The water drains through the マリファナs, and if the 工場／植物 is over watered, the water 単に runs out the 底（に届く） and through 穴を開けるs in the tray supporting the マリファナs, and 支援する into the 貯蔵所.
As you read on, notice that かなりの attention has been paid to making this system fail-安全な. For instance, as you will see in a moment, two things have to go wrong for the water pump to become "stuck" pumping away for hours on end.
How often are the 工場／植物s watered? That's up to you! The pump is a simple 自動推進の windshield waster pump. The electricity for that... only 12 volts... another safety choice... comes from a 力／強力にする 供給（する） which is turned on and off by an ordinary timeswitch. (As you are reading my Sensing and 支配（する）／統制する pages, no 疑問 you could get fancy, and have the thing computer controlled, if you wished, but for this a simple 7 day time switch seems more than 適する.)
However, the pump isn't controlled by the timeswitch alone. 安価な 7 day timeswitches do not 許す you to turn the pump on for short enough periods.
熟考する／考慮する the に引き続いて for a moment, and then read on....
The 製図／抽選 shows a cistern. It is filled by the pump, which draws from the water in the windowbox underneath the tray 持つ／拘留するing the 工場／植物s.
From the left 味方する of the 底（に届く） of the cistern two small tubes bring water to the 工場／植物s. In reality, the tubes are both at the same 水平の level, as are their open ends. They are also about the same length as one another. And there are more than two.
Design considerations: Your tubes need to be large enough that water will flow through them やめる 井戸／弁護士席... very small tubes tend to 制限する the flow. However, your pump must be able to fill the cistern やめる a bit faster than the tubes are emptying it, so you can't have too many tubes, or too big tubes.
Construction: My cistern is a 再生利用するd plastic milk jug. The tubes are "大（公）使館員d" 簡単に by 押し進めるing them through わずかに too-small 穴を開けるs. The 共同の is not 支配するd to serious 圧力, and so it 作品 just 罰金.
A 詳細（に述べる）: The 製図／抽選 shows an 洪水 drain coming out 近づく the 最高の，を越す of the 権利 手渡す 味方する of the cistern. The 洪水 麻薬を吸う leads any 超過 water to the tray, from whence it will drain 支援する into the windowbox under the tray supporting the 工場／植物s.... if there happens to be any 洪水. There shouldn't be (explained in a minute)... but if something goes wrong, there might be. The design 供給するs for that water to go someplace 害のない. Be sure that the 洪水 麻薬を吸う is 適する to drain water off from the cistern faster than the pump can put water into the cistern.
I said a moment ago that there shouldn't be any 洪水. And I 港／避難所't explained the switch, and the "thing" hanging 負かす／撃墜する from it.
Make your switch however you wish to. It 単に has to be "off" (open 回路・連盟) when the cistern is not 十分な, but go "on" (許す electricity to flow) when the water rises as high as you want it to for each watering cycle. The "thing" hanging below the switch is 激しい enough to pull the switch "off" when the "thing" is not surrounded by water, but has a bit of Styrofoam 大（公）使館員d to it, so that when there's water, the "thing" is 解除するd. I am using a microswitch for my switch, and the small spring built into that is 十分な to turn the switch "on" when the 負わせる of the "thing" is supported by the water the pump has pumped into the cistern.
Only 12 volts is passed through the switch, so the mixing of water and electricity isn't bad here. Don't be tempted to make this 回路・連盟 using 世帯 voltages!!
You might think that the switch is in series with the pump... but you'd be wrong. The switch goes to a simple relay 回路・連盟 (述べるd すぐに) which 達成するs the に引き続いて:
Each time the timeswitch turns the whole watering system on, the pump operates... but only for so long as it takes to fill the cistern once. The pump then switches off... even though the timeswitch is still feeding electricity to whatever 供給するs the system with its 12 volts. One cistern's 価値（がある） of water trickles の上に the 工場／植物s. Everything sits 静かに after that until the timeswitch has gone off again. The pump won't come on again until after the timeswitch has returned to "off". The next time the timeswitch comes on, the whole cycle repeats, and another cistern's-価値（がある） of water is 配達するd to the 工場／植物s.
I will be 述べるing a very small 部隊 at the heart of the relay 回路・連盟 in a moment. First I'll tell you about the 外部の 部隊s. The colors given blow are, of course, 独断的な, but I've used those colors 終始一貫して throughout this. The small 部隊 is referred to as "PCB200C", but you don't need to make (or buy!) a PCB to put the 部隊 together.
"Pump" is the 自動推進の windscreen washer pump.
"Dp" is a diode 任命する／導入するd across the 政治家s of the pump. It is connected as shown so that when the pump receives 12v 経由で the blue wire, the electricity goes into the pump, not straight through the diode, as it would if the diode were the other way around. The diode is there because some モーターs 簡潔に 課す large 消極的な voltages on the 回路・連盟s they are in, either as they shut 負かす／撃墜する, or, in some 事例／患者s, even while they are running. It is to do with 磁石の fields 崩壊（する）ing around coils of wires. I used a 1N4004... おもに because that's what I had on 手渡す! (The last digit tells you the 装置's 現在の carrying capacity.)
"S1" is the switch I 述べるd above, the one that is open until the cistern fills, and then の近くにs until the level of water in the cistern 落ちるs again.
"~" is a source of 力／強力にする for the PSU, typically the "世帯" electricity
"Timeswitch" is just one you can buy at any 金物類／武器類 蓄える／店. One that 許すs you to 始める，決める "ons" and "offs" over a 十分な week probably best, but if you already have a 24 hour one, and want to start with that, 罰金. You'll just have to water the 工場／植物s at least once a day, which is probably more frequently than would be best.
"PSU" is either a transformer or a car 殴打／砲列 charger (which is a transformer in a nice box!). It's 職業 is to change the 世帯 voltage, i.e. 110v AC in the USA, to 12v DC... or whatever voltage your pump and relay coil operate at. 12v is what an 自動推進の pump would need, and such pumps are about perfect for this 職業.
Those are the parts. Now how does everything work, once it is 始める，決める up? (I'll come to the 詳細（に述べる）s of what's inside "PCB200C" in a moment.)
Don't think I'm 説 nothing new in the next few paragraphs. I may be 繰り返し言うing some points, but new things are there too!
The 世帯 electricity will be on pretty 井戸／弁護士席 all the time. (The 時折の 力／強力にする 失敗 won't upset things, by the way... but until the timeswitch is re-adjusted, watering will happen at a different time of day than you ーするつもりであるd.
The timeswitch will, from time to time, 配達する voltage to the PSU, and that in turn will energize PCB200C. Through that, the pump will be turned on. So far, the relay inside PCB200C has not been turned on, its coil is not energized. The pump's 回路・連盟 runs through a 始める，決める of 接触するs in the relay which are の近くにd when the relay is off.
When 外部の switch "S1" の近くにs, 現在の flows into the relay's coil. The pump is turned off. Also, a second 始める，決める of 接触する in the relay の近くにs. And 現在の flows through them to the coil, so it will stay energized for some time to come. It will stay energized, and the pump will stay off, even if the water in the cistern 落ちるs and "S1" opens again. This is the "魔法" bit. It is called a "latching" relay.
The only thing that will "unlatch" the relay is cutting the 力／強力にする to PCB200C, but that's okay, because that's 正確に／まさに what the timeswitch will do. Depending on your timeswitch, PCB200C may be receiving 力／強力にする for an hour or so.... but the pump will only run long enough to fill the cistern once.
PCB200C's 回路・連盟 is very simple. We'll go through it in a minute. First let me 述べる the two things it in it besides the 二塁打 政治家, 二塁打 throw relay. It is drawn in the not-energized 明言する／公表する.
"Dr1" is a diode. It must be there to "soak up" the bursts of 消極的な voltage which will come out of the relay each time it is switched off. It is doing pretty 井戸／弁護士席 the same 職業 as the diode we met earlier, and can therefor be the same sort of diode, although a 1N4001 is probably perfectly 適する, if you happen to have one already.
"Rc" is a resistor which you will want to 追加する if your relay's coil is meant to be driven by a voltage that is lower than the voltage of your pump and 力／強力にする 供給（する）. This is a pretty 天然のまま 直す／買収する，八百長をする, 支配する to さまざまな problems... but I thought I'd 供給する for it in the PCB, just in 事例／患者. Most of you will have a relay for the 権利 voltage, I hope, and in this 事例／患者 you just put a wire link in instead of the resistor. That's what I tried to show in the 製図／抽選.
One printed 回路・連盟 layout that will, ( I think !! ) work is shown to the 権利... but 公式文書，認める two things:
a) I 港／避難所't 実験（する）d this. (地雷 is a bodge-up... I made some mistakes the THIRD time I built something along these lines. I THINK the result is the same as what you see to the 権利... but check it carefully!!) If you build this, and it 作品, please let me know??
b) The PCB depends upon your relay having the に引き続いて pin-out. The blue squares with red dots in them are the 足跡 of the relay. Some relays are sold with the ありふれた 終点s of the switches shorted internally. For this 回路・連盟, this is not a problem.
Thank you for reading this far. I hope you'll go ahead and make one... and tell me how you get on with it. (And maybe even について言及する my freeware and shareware to some students, parents, teachers or schools?)
Apart from the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） in the footer, その上の 負かす／撃墜する the page, the 残り／休憩（する） of this is 詳細（に述べる）s that you don't 絶対 need. Also they are the sort of thing I would hope you would think up for yourself. If you think of good 詳細（に述べる）s I 港／避難所't thought of, please send them in!
The tray drainage has been 高めるd. The 初めの drain now has a plug of "wool" in it, to filter the water returning to the 貯蔵所. (You can buy a suitable 構成要素 that won't rot at a pet 蓄える／店... it is used in 水槽 filters.) To the left of the old drain, you will see a new drain. It is a short length of, say, 2cm, plastic 麻薬を吸う 押し進めるd through the tray. It's upper 辛勝する／優位 is 井戸／弁護士席 above the level of the tray, but below its 最高の，を越す 辛勝する／優位. Can you guess what this is for? It is like the 洪水 in a bath or 沈む. Should the filter of the main drain become 封鎖するd, if the water in the tray rises, it will 結局 be コースを変えるd into the 貯蔵所 unfiltered through this new drain, rather than 流出／こぼすing over the 辛勝する／優位 into your house!
The "洪水" drain is also useful for topping up the 貯蔵所.
This is the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す to について言及する something you may have wondered about: Doesn't the water in the 貯蔵所, 存在 pretty 沈滞した, go all stinky? No! 井戸／弁護士席, it hasn't for me in several years, anyway.
Speaking of filters: I also have one on the intake to the pump. That's what I tried to draw at the lower 権利. It is also wise to do something to 確実にする that the intake stays as low as possible in the 貯蔵所
You want an opaque 貯蔵所, for 推論する／理由s I will come to. But, if it is opaque, how do you know whether there is 十分な water in it? That's where the "S" 形態／調整d tube shown at the 権利 comes it. It is made of （疑いを）晴らす plastic tubing, and the solid red is meant to 代表する water in the tube. Once you have the siphon 始める，決める up, the level in the bit of tube outside the 貯蔵所 will 反映する the level of water inside. Just be sure to 適切に 安全な・保証する the upper end of the tube, as if it 減少（する）s, water from the 貯蔵所 will drain into your house.
An opaque 貯蔵所... besides 存在 easier to 得る and いっそう少なく unattractive!... 減ずるs the one problem I have had with my system... and it hasn't been a big problem, but it has come up enough to be a 警告. In some circumstances, you may get 容認できない levels of algae growth in your tubes. 限界ing the light they 遭遇（する） will help 避ける that problem.
Sadly, the algae problem is a 推論する／理由 to be careful about how much fertilizer you use in your system.
Turning to some good news: If you do decide to use some fertilizer, you may be encouraged to hear something I learned on a 小旅行する of a farm producing a 重要な number of the peppers sold in the UK. 明白に, 極端に high levels of fertilizer will "燃やす" the roots of your 工場／植物s. However (for peppers, at least!), a little extra fertilizer does no 害（を与える）. The 工場／植物s take what they need, and the 残り／休憩（する） just stays in the water until it is needed. Hydroponics, again!
Speaking of "stays in the water": If you を煩う hard water, in theory you will need to drain the 貯蔵所 from time to time, and 取って代わる the "with-salts-蓄積するd" water. It is 平易な enough... if not quick... to drain the 貯蔵所 if you have 始める，決める up your "level 示すing siphon" with the second use in mind. I say "in theory", as I live with very hard water, and 港／避難所't drained it, and seem to have got away with it. Incidentally, (although this may be 予定 to my small 工場／植物s!) I don't find that I have to "最高の，を越す up" the 貯蔵所 very often.
Did you see the other "詳細（に述べる）" in the 製図／抽選? There is a dish under the middle 工場／植物. And, in the left 味方する of the dish, a small 穴を開ける in the 味方する. Water in below the 穴を開ける will stay in the dish, giving the 工場／植物 "wet feet". Some prefer this to the 代案／選択肢, drier, 政権. If the 穴を開ける is the 権利 size, the water above it will drain quickly enough to 妨げる "wet feet" problems, but slowly enough for the 工場／植物 to take in more water than it would have done さもなければ.
You can 延長する the idea of individual 貯蔵所s (in their dishes) for individual 工場／植物s, without having the "wet feet" problem, by 得るing some of the capillary "wicking" 構成要素 sold by some garden 中心s, and putting that between the 底（に届く） of the マリファナ and the lower levels of the dish.
This brings me to the question of what "国／地域" to use in the マリファナs. In some of 地雷, I have ordinary potting compost. In others, I have little ceramic (porous) pebbles, ーするつもりであるd for hydroponic growing. Both seem to work okay. I 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う glass beads would be another "hydroponic" 選択.
This, I hope, has 始める，決める you thinking about how you can adjust the 量 of water different 工場／植物s get, or the 工場／植物s get 全体にわたる.
Of course, the simplest step you can take is to change the settings on the timeswitch, 主要な to more or より小数の waterings. You can change the size of the cistern. You can change the number of tubes draining the cistern. There is no "支配する" that says you can only dedicate one cistern-draining tube to each 工場／植物. If one 工場／植物 is thirsty, give it two tubes!
What I would not do is try to use different sized cistern-draining tubes, nor would I try to 制限する the 開始 of one of the tubes. It is やめる 平易な to get into a 状況／情勢 where one tube doesn't 配達する any water.
For the same 推論する／理由s, I would have all of the tubes the same length, and have their "配達／演説／出産" ends at the same 高さ.
Don't be tempted to try to put "wye"s in the tubes, i.e. a 装置 that 分裂（する）s one tube into two. The 圧力 運動ing the water through the tube is very slight, and the 影響s of 摩擦 loss and the capillary interaction between the tube and the water can 圧倒する that 圧力.
井戸／弁護士席... as ever, that took longer to 令状 up than I'd 心配するd, even without developing the 天然のまま "will do for now" artwork! I hope you 設立する it 利益／興味ing, and maybe even useful. PLEASE let me know if you 始める，決める something like this up... Does it work 井戸／弁護士席 for you? What 改良s did you think of? Send a photo??
(And maybe even check out my freeware and shareware for Windows? 広告 below.)