Editor's Column
1 February 2001
Open Source and Its Culture
About this column
I’d like to 明らかにする the 目的 of the Editor’s Column. The articles that 構成する "Editor’s Column" do not 捜し出す to 代表する Sun’s 見解（をとる）, and I don’t know about OpenOffice.org’s 見解（をとる）s, as it’s not （疑いを）晴らす that one can easily synthesize the disparate 見解（をとる）s of an open-source community as such into something coherent enough to fit into a column. Rather, the 目的 of the column is to 焦点（を合わせる） on 問題／発行するs that the community has 設立する 利益／興味ing, as 証拠d by discussions in the mailing 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）s, or might find 利益／興味ing, because they relate to Open Source, its communities, and important spokespeople.
All this is to say that the articles I 令状 under the rubric, "Editor’s Column" are meant to be discussed. So, if you 同意しない with the ideas, logic, or characterizations, please, feel 解放する／自由な 表明する your opinions. And, if you feel that I am not 演説（する）／住所ing some 圧力（をかける）ing 問題／発行する, don’t hesitate to let me know. As I’ve 明言する／公表するd before, I would be delighted to receive suggestions about topics, interviews, what have you. In fact, this is a serious call for ideas: Send in your suggestions either to the discuss 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） or to louis at collab.逮捕する. It would also be 広大な／多数の／重要な if a community member were to 服従させる／提出する for consideration an article, interview, or piece that he or she felt others in the community would find 利益／興味ing.
Questions about Open Source
This article 就任するs a 一連の articles 尋問 the 形態／調整 and 軍隊 of Open Source, as a culture of work and as an 組織の system. I 計画（する） on these articles 存在 intermittent; the sequence will doubtless be interrupted by more 即座の news or 論争 関係のある to OpenOffice.org.
There are several questions that 動機づける this 調査; they 含む:
- How are (other) large open-source 事業／計画（する）s 組織するd?
- What are the 問題／発行するs at 火刑／賭ける? (I.e., what is hoped to be 遂行するd by open-sourcing the code?)
- Under what license or licenses are these 構成するd?
- What is the relation between the sponsoring 会社／団体 and the open-source 事業／計画（する）?
- Who are the developers, and what do they have to 伸び（る） from the 事業／計画（する）?
- And, finally–and most intangibly–what is the "culture" of the 事業／計画（する）?
明確に, this 事業／計画（する） is large in 範囲 and will take some time to fully 完全にする; in fact, I’m sure I’ll have to revisit the Darwin 事業／計画（する） later on. My 計画（する） so far is to 診察する not just Darwin, but also Mozilla.org, and other large, open-source 事業／計画（する）s. Why large 事業／計画（する）s? Size is a criterion here 簡単に because I 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う a large open-source 事業／計画（する） 異なるs importantly from smaller 事業／計画（する）s, and not just in the 兵たん業務 of arranging the 解放（する） of enormous 封鎖するs of code to an uncertainly defined community. The nature of the community, its "culture," how it 作品 together, and the manner in which it 与える／捧げるs code also changes によれば the size and 範囲 of the 事業／計画（する）.
This 事業／計画（する） is 発展させるing. If the community wants to 与える／捧げる suggestions–such as different questions to ask, or particular 事業／計画（する）s that should be 診察するd–please 今後 them to me, and I’ll see what I can do.
Darwin
Apple Computer’s open-source Darwin was 発表するd on 16 March 1999, and, in the words of its 声明 to the 圧力（をかける）, Apple became "the first mainstream operating system provider to 解放（する） its source code to the public and base its system ソフトウェア 戦略 on Open Source 科学（工学）技術s." 最初, the 焦点（を合わせる） was on Mac OS X Server; it quickly 含むd the 消費者-oriented Mac OS X, which is 予定するd for 解放（する） on 24 March 2001.
Darwin 1.2, the 現在の 解放（する）, is enormous. 135MB for a disk image of the binaries. 利益／興味d developers can also download source code; the 事業／計画（する） 許すs modifications to be submitted through mailing 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）s and CVS (Concurrent 見解／翻訳／版s System), which is recommended but not 要求するd.
にもかかわらず its size and ambition, however, Darwin as an open-source 事業／計画（する） seems to be often ignored by other open-source groups. OpenOffice.org, for instance, is usually compared to Mozilla.org, and is touted as 存在 the largest open-source 事業／計画（する）. Darwin is never (or very seldom) について言及するd–not by Sun 圧力（をかける）, nor by the マスコミ 捕まらないで, when discussing OpenOffice.org
This 欠如（する） of について言及する probably has something to do with the ありふれた notion that Apple 存在するs in a universe of its own. But it also has to do, I think, with the 論争 surrounding Apple’s open source 信任状. すぐに after the 告示 of the 事業／計画（する）’s inception, however, the license under which Darwin 事業／計画（する） operated and which defined the 事業／計画（する）’s status as "open source," became the 焦点（を合わせる） of a 審議 between Open Source luminaries Eric Raymond, of OpenSource.org, Bruce Perens,who gave us "Open Source," and Richard Stallman, who can be said to have started Open Source (or, as he prefers, "解放する／自由な ソフトウェア").
To 要約する the history, Eric Raymond gave, if not his blessing, his certification, to the Apple Public Source License under which Darwin was 構成するd (APSL Ver. 1 and すぐに later, 1.1; it is now at Ver. 1.2). Raymond was 公然と 非難するd for his 活動／戦闘s by his 同僚 Bruce Perens, who along with Wichert Akkerman, Debian 事業／計画（する） Leader, and Ian Jackson, 大統領, ソフトウェア in the Public 利益／興味, argued that the APSL Ver. 1 failed to 会合，会う the necessary 基準 for Open Source (見解／翻訳／版 1.1, 問題／発行するd 19 April 1999, mostly 満足させるd the authors). Richard Stallman was unpersuaded by the changes Apple made to its license and 非難するd it as roundly as he had the first 見解／翻訳／版 (Ver. 1.1 fell "short of 存在 a 解放する／自由な ソフトウェア license"). The 審議 got a little savage, but that is because the 問題／発行する at 火刑／賭ける was so important to Open Source.
The 問題／発行する had to do with the relation between 法人組織の／企業の 利益／興味s and Open Source. As Perens rather despondently 結論するs in his rebuttal to Raymond, "The needs of 会社／団体s are not やむを得ず those of the 解放する／自由な ソフトウェア community, and it may even be the 事例／患者 that the twain will never 会合，会う. Open Source appears to be splitting into something I'd call "法人組織の／企業の Source", 半分-解放する／自由な programs with 公表する／暴露するd source but いっそう少なく than the 十分な 始める，決める of 権利s we are used to, and true 解放する／自由な ソフトウェア as 代表するd by the GPL, LGPL, X/BSD, and other licenses. Public discussion of this fact is 必須の. We may 結局 have to 受託する that it will never be possible for 法人組織の／企業の 参加 in the 解放する／自由な ソフトウェア community to be as 十分な as we would like. 出資／貢献s like the MacOS X source may 結局最後にはーなる 存在 useless to the 解放する／自由な ソフトウェア community as far as code 再使用する is 関心d, but they may still be good documentation on the underlying 金物類／武器類, and will be useful, with some 警告を与える, to authors of fully 解放する／自由な ソフトウェア."
Perens wrote gloomier than 令状d. Not only has OpenOffice.org 証拠d that a company can move large, proprietary, ソフトウェア using true Open Source licenses, but Apple itself has recently (4 January 2001) 改訂するd its license for Darwin. The short blurb under the link for the new license 明言する／公表するs, "The Apple Public Source License has been updated to make it easier for people to 与える／捧げる to and use the ソフトウェア," and after the most cursory ちらりと見ること, it seems to be so. Rather belatedly, Apple has entered Open Source (even Slashdot seems to agree).
What is left hanging, however, is the question of the culture of Darwin. 未来 articles will 診察する this 面 of the 事業／計画（する）. I will also begin a look at Mozilla.org.
Previous columns
23 January 2001 Community 活動／戦闘
16 January 2001 Quo Vadis OpenOffice.org?
9 January 2001 The 613 build: problems and 適切な時期s
3 January 2001 Sun's open door
E-mail: Louis at collab.逮捕する
