Open Office Database Tutorials
Field Types... aka Data Types
You may find that the database 存在 shipped with OpenOffice (ver.2 and higher) delights you as much as it has me. This page tries to help you use it.
Forget anything you may have heard about Adabas, which （機の）カム with 星／主役にする Office, the 商業の 見解／翻訳／版 of Open Office 1. The 現在の Open Office's database, "Base", aka "ooBase", is 関係のない. And remember that Open Office, 含むing ooBase, is 解放する／自由な! But don't let that fool you. And it's not new. Big organizations, 政府 and 非軍事の, are 可決する・採択するing it as their 基準 office 控訴... and saving million$, but still Getting The 職業 Done.
There's more about ooBase in the main 索引 to this 構成要素.
This page is "browser friendly". Make your browser window as wide as you want it. The text will flow nicely for you. It is easier to read in a 狭くする window. With most browsers, 圧力（をかける）ing 加える, minus or 無 while the 支配（する）／統制する 重要な (ctrl) is held 負かす／撃墜する will change the texts size. (大きくする, 減ずる, 回復する to default, それぞれ.) (This is more fully explained, and there's another tip, at my 力／強力にする Browsing page.)
Most of the pages in this website are keystroke- by- keystroke tutorials showing you how to 遂行する something with OpenOffice's database, "Base". This page is a more theoretical discourse, telling you about field types. (They are also known as data types.)
I know that inside my car, there are cylinders, pistons, etc, and when the car goes it is because the engine is 燃やすing 燃料... but I don't know very much about all of that, and I think about it いっそう少なく.
Most people know that inside a computer "everything is numbers". And they are やめる happy not knowing much more about it than that.... until they try to understand what they are doing. Until they try to know a bit more than just "What button do I 圧力（をかける）?". When you understand what you are doing, you don't need to rely on others to tell you what to do.
Consider a simple database to keep 跡をつける of the calls 存在 dealt with by some company's service department. If you were the 経営者／支配人, you would probably want to 記録，記録的な／記録する what time each call arrives, how long it lasts, the date, which 顧客 service 代表者／国会議員 取引，協定s with the call, and you'd want a 簡潔な／要約する 公式文書，認める about what the call 関心s.
As we said earlier, everything inside the computer is a number.
If I 令状 "ABC" with my wordprocessor, then somewhere inside the computer, the numbers 65, 66 and 67 will be held. Those numbers, in a 一般的に used computer code, stand for the 形態／調整s "A", "B" and "C" which you see on the 審査する now. 公式文書，認める that your web browser and my word 加工業者 are using the same code which pairs up 形態／調整s and numbers. Inside the computer, or on the レコード: 65. On the 審査する: "A".
By the way... the word "code" いつかs gets people thinking about secret codes or encryption. In this discourse, we are not using "code" in that sense. Think of Morse code... "Dot-Dot-Dot" stands for "S". It is a code... but not a secret code.
The code which 割り当てるs "A" to 65 is called the ASCII code. It 供給するs for all letters, both as 資本／首都s and as lower 事例／患者 characters. (The code for "a" is not the same as the code for "A"). It 供給するs for the digits (0-9). It 供給するs for many punctuation 示すs. It is very 広範囲にわたって used.
For our database, we could 簡単に use ASCII to 蓄える／店 all of the data we want to 蓄える／店... but it wouldn't be the best way to go.
For a whole bunch of 推論する／理由s, computer scientists have invented many different codes, and ooBase lets you use やめる a 選択 of them.
Before we start on the 範囲 of codes 利用できる to you, a little word about why you would want more than ASCII.
When the Romans 手配中の，お尋ね者 to 令状 twenty seven, they wrote XXVII. Thirty four was XXXIV. 罰金. This is another code. You can show 12 as "12", or "twelve" or "* * * * * * * * * * * *" (12 星／主役にするs) or "a dozen"... those are different codes.
There's nothing wrong with the Roman's code for 説 "27", or "34"... until you try to subtract 27 from 34. Then the code the Arabs gave us for 表明するing numbers 作品 a lot better!
The different codes computer scientists have developed for 描写するing things inside the computer have strengths and 証拠不十分s. Read this web page to learn more, so that you can choose 井戸／弁護士席.
"Choose 井戸／弁護士席? When do I choose codes?", you ask.
When you 始める，決める up a database （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する. One of the things you have to 明示する for each field is its type. When you 明示する a type for a field, you "始める，決める" the database to use a particular code for the data 蓄える／店d within that field. I won't use the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 "code" again, but that is what we're talking about when we speak of "types".
The word "type", in this 状況, isn't 正確に／まさに used as a synonym for "肉親，親類d", as in "sort". (Good grief, Charlie Brown. This gets worse the その上の I go! I don't mean "肉親，親類d" as in "nice", nor "sort" as in "arrange in sequence".... but I 信用 you already understood that. How we 遂行する anything in the 中央 of English's monumental ambiguity, I'll never know!)
We say "The 権利 type for that field is "integer"". "Type" is a noun in this 状況. While "肉親，親類d" is also a noun, it is rarely(?) used without an "...of [something]" 条項 after it, which wouldn't be the 事例／患者 with "type", as used in our 状況.
Open Office's data types________
Open Office is able to work with data 蓄える／店d in many different ways. How it is 蓄える／店d is the data's "type". In the Open Office documentation, you often see the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 "field type", which is just a concise way of 説 "The data type used for 蓄える／店ing the data held in this field."
プロの／賛成のs and 反対／詐欺s...
When you know that a given field is only ever going to 持つ／拘留する a whole number.... for example, in our service department database, let's say that we're 公式文書，認めるing the length of each call in minutes, to the nearest whole minute.... it will 支払う／賃金 us to use a data type which is
GOOD at-
using 極小の space inside the computer
存在 追加するd, subtracted, etc
... although the "price" will be that it is...
BAD at-
存在 柔軟な.
An example of that data type 存在 inflexible: you won't be able to say that the call took "about 10" minutes.
Before you 解任する too quickly the 商売／仕事 about using 極小の space inside the computer, remember that not only will that save you レコード space (not, perhaps, too important in many 事例／患者s today), but it will mean that when the database program is working with your data for you, there won't be so much data to を取り引きする, so it will be able to produce results more quickly.
On the other 手渡す, suppose the field is for the 指名する of the 報知係. We can use a data type that can't 供給（する） numbers for arithmetic, so some of the problems associated with numeric fields become irrelevant. On the other 手渡す, to 蓄える／店 a 指名する, we have to be able to 対処する with more characters than just 0, 1, 2, 3..... 8, 9.
Many times your choice of data type 伴う／関わるs making a 妥協 between the space the type 要求するs to 蓄える／店 something, and the 柔軟性 you need for the data 伴う／関わるd.
Part of the "art" of designing databases is 存在 able to see how our 大混乱／混沌とした world can be tamed for the 比較して inflexible world of the computer.
いつかs you 雇う "tricks". Years ago, 取引，協定ing with fractions was difficult for small computers. If you 手配中の，お尋ね者 to use one for 跡をつけるing your 財政／金融s, you could 課す the difficulty of fractions on the 事業／計画（する）... which made things run slowly, in those days... or you could be creative and do your accounts in pennies. It really was no 重荷（を負わせる） for my brain to look at "Car serviced: 12550" and 解釈する／通訳する it as $125.50 rather than $12,550.00
Open Office's data types- 幅の広い categories________
The 幅の広い 部類s of data types 利用できる to you are:
Types for stings of characters, be they letters, digits, other
Types for dates and/ or times
Types for numbers
Special types
That's one way of 配合 the types... and probably the most important way to do it.
You could also 分裂（する） all of the types into these two 部類s:
Variable length types
直す／買収する，八百長をするd length types
In fact, in Base, all fields are of "直す／買収する，八百長をするd" length... for a given instance of a field. The "variable length" types 許す you to say how much space to 始める，決める aside for each field in a given database's （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する. You can't, in Base, have 記録，記録的な／記録するs within which a field has a different length compared to the length of that same field in a different 記録，記録的な／記録する within the same database.
If you have data, say people's 指名するs, (which are of course of different lengths), you 始める，決める the length for that field so that it is long enough for the longest 指名する you need to enter. The computer will happily を取り引きする the "wasted" space in the 記録，記録的な／記録する 持つ／拘留するing "法案" in a field which could 持つ／拘留する "Ermyntrude". (I 現実に had a 広大な／多数の／重要な aunt of that 指名する!)
Again, we come 支援する to the "art" of working with databases. If you 始める，決める the 最大限 length for the 指名する field to 8, then dear aunt Ermyntrude may have to 許容する "Eymyntru". For some 目的s, this would be 許容できる. For others, it would not be. Field lengths can (usually) be re-明示するd later... but doing so can be a 苦痛, and is an activity you should 捜し出す to 避ける.
Fields from the second group of data types always take the same number of "spaces" in the computer's memory and on its レコード. These are the "直す／買収する，八百長をするd length" data types. They take the same 量 of space for every field of a particular data type in every ooBase database ever made.
There are databases... not ooBase... which 許す you to have fields which 異なる in their length from 記録，記録的な／記録する to 記録，記録的な／記録する. I.e. the "指名する" field in 法案's 記録，記録的な／記録する uses いっそう少なく space than the 指名する field of Ermyntrude's 記録，記録的な／記録する. (You can, of course, have, say, a "Street 演説（する）／住所" field which is a different length from the "指名する" field.
A little aside, 論証するing the sort of "trick" that helps you 打ち勝つ the 制限s of database: If you were doing a database, say, of 地域の pronunciations of different words, and you had small .wav とじ込み／提出するs of individual words 存在 spoken, you might find that the lengths of those とじ込み／提出するs 変化させるd enormously. Within ooBase, what you could do is 会社にする／組み込む those .wav とじ込み／提出するs by 言及／関連. You wouldn't put the .wav とじ込み／提出する into your database, but you would put the path to it in a field, e.g. C:\MyDocs\RegionalDialects\Yorkshire\HeyUp.wav. The value of 追加するing that 複雑化 would be that the database (and associated とじ込み／提出するs) would take much いっそう少なく レコード space. If you had 100 words 記録，記録的な／記録するd, and the longest .wav とじ込み／提出する was 2kb, even though most were only about 1kb, you would save something like 100kb of レコード space.
But I digress!
Open Office's data types- The details________
Now we will go through the data types 利用できる in ooBase, 組織するing them by the 幅の広い 部類s I 始める，決める out above. I won't pretend to know everything about each data type. If you can 明らかにする any of the things I've left vague, I'd be pleased to hear from you!
When you are setting the specifications for your data （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, there is a listbox, from which you choose a type. In each 事例／患者, there is a 指名する for the type, and then, in square brackets, something like [VARCHAR]. I 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う that the いっそう少なく- than- human- friendly 指名する in the square brackets is a 指名する for the type used in the broader SQL community. (ooBase is based on HSQL, a variant of SQL.)
You may notice that いつかs there seem to be 多重の 指名するs for (almost?) the same thing. I believe this has happened because the 事業／計画（する） team is trying to make ooBase の間の-operate with a wide 選択 of 代案／選択肢 database engines.
Data types for strings of characters, be they letters, digits, punctuation 示すs or other: the text and char types
I について言及するd "digits" to 強調する that you can put digits into fields of the text and char types. ooBase won't "see" them as numbers. It will be as 混乱させるd by 4 + 3, if those digits are in a text-type field as it would be by $ + %... but you can 蓄える／店 numbers in text-type fields. (There are frequently good 推論する／理由s for doing so.)
Text-type fields give you 広大な／多数の／重要な 柔軟性. If in 疑問: Use a text-type field. You may その為に 限界 your 接近 to special features (like doing arithmetic with the data), but you won't find yourself 妨げるd from 蓄える／店ing something you want to in the field 関心d, unless it is too long.
There is a text type field of 直す／買収する，八百長をするd size. It's size is 2 gigabytes per 記録，記録的な／記録する, so I'm not sure who would find it useful!
It is the "覚え書き" type, 示すd [longvarchar].
There are three text types which 許す you to 明示する the number of characters to be used per field:
I tend to use the first, because that is what the wizard 一般に gives you. I would guess that the second lets you find "FISHCAKES" even if you search for "fishcakes", but there are better ways to make searches ignore 事例／患者. I'm not sure what is "直す／買収する，八百長をするd" about the last data type. You are certainly 許すd to change the number of characters 充てるd to the field. It may have something to do with how the string of characters is 蓄える／店d. In many computer 使用／適用s there are two basic 計画／陰謀s. In one, if you want to 蓄える／店 "ABC", you 蓄える／店 a 3, then the codes for A and B and C. In the other, you 蓄える／店 the A, the B and the C, and then a 無. If that's not enough 混乱, consider the に引き続いて. Within a database, we could have a 状況／情勢 where the data is 要求するd to be the same length in each 事例／患者, e.g. you could not (in these 事例／患者s) 受託する both 法案 and Ermyntrude. A US Social 安全 Number, for instance, always has 9 digits. In those 事例／患者s, assuming a nine character field, you would 蓄える／店 just the 9 digits. You would not need to use either of the 解答s which 許す you to use いっそう少なく than all of the space that has been put aside for what is to be 蓄える／店d in the field.
The good news? Usually you don't have to think about any of that!
Data types for dates and/ or times
Dates and times can be a Big 苦痛 In The Butt. Happily, in database work, they are いっそう少なく problematic that they いつかs are どこかよそで... if you use date or time data types for such fields! (The fun starts when you 乗る，着手する on questions like "How long has it been since that 顧客 last called us? How many days was it between the two calls?" (Quick: How many days is it between February 15th and May 15th? See... you can't do it... and computers have trouble to. Was it a leap year?)
Base gives you three date/ time data types. The memory / レコード space 要求するd is not 示すd.
-Date [date]
-Time [time]
-Date/Time [timestamp]
If you cannot always be sure of having an 正確な or 完全にする date or time, and you need to 保存する the fact that the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） is approximate, there are two 解答s (at least) open to you.
For each date or time, you can 追加する an extra field called "Approximate", and put Y or N in that field. Or you could use a numeric field and put 5 in it if the date, say, might be wrong by up to 5 days.
I half remember that if you were entering data into a form, ooBase would automatically 挿入する the 現在の date, or time, or a 連合させるd date and time datestamp into fields of the appropriate type, as you entered the data. This doesn't seem to happen any more. Automatically putting a date/timestamp on a 記録，記録的な／記録する when it is entered isn't trivial, but if you need it now, there's a discussion in a discussion at oooForum. You have to scroll 負かす／撃墜する a bit.
To 逸脱する a little from our discussion of data types to show you some more artfulness: Imagine you are 取引，協定ing with things for which you will いつかs have a year, but no month, or perhaps a year and month, but no day. What you might, in some 事例／患者s, want to do would be to 始める，決める up separate fields for year, month, and day. When the month or day （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） was unreliable, you would enter 0. (That's an example of a "rogue value"... you don't mean that the month was "無"... the value "無" carries a special message, by 協定 between all of the people using the database.) Having the year, month and day in separate fields is fraught with shortcomings, however. If you enter a date of 30 February 2006 into a field of type "date", the computer will moan; it will 保護する you from yourself. A data 入ること／参加（者） form can be "taught" to check data, even if it has to look at the values in several fields to 適用する a 実験（する）... but it is much more work for you.
Data types for numbers- whole numbers
Whole 調書をとる／予約するs are written on the 支配する of data types for numbers.
In many 事例／患者s, you won't much care which type you use, but you should begin to have some 尊敬（する）・点 for the 選択s open to you.
The 選択s arise 予定 to the 成果／努力s by computer scientists to optimize our 計算するing experience.
If you can be 確かな that your number will always be a whole number, i.e. that there will be no わずかの part, then you want one of the integer types, or "real", or "float" or "二塁打". The latter three always take 17 "spaces" of memory or レコード space. Because of "clever" things they do, they can 持つ／拘留する Really Big numbers... number more than 17 digits long. Unless you are doing astrophysics, I 疑問 you'll need them.
There are four integer types. They 異なる in the space they （問題を）取り上げる, which is given after the "S" below:
I think those numbers may be 誤って導くing, or just wrong, but they're the best I have.
Why the different types, if all of these are for whole numbers?
I'm not sure if there are examples in ooBase's data types, but there ARE data types which can only 持つ／拘留する 肯定的な whole numbers. If you are designing a database to keep 跡をつける of the children in different houses of a school, such a data type would be 罰金. For giving up the same 量 of disk space to each field, one of these types can 蓄える／店 bigger numbers than the ones that can 蓄える／店 消極的な numbers 同様に.
As hinted in what I just said, all types are 限られた／立憲的な to a 確かな biggest possible, and a 確かな smallest (or most 消極的な) possible number. The 限界s are different for different data types.
Let's look at the 明確な／細部s of what ooBase's types can manage....
I believe that a Tiny Integer can 持つ／拘留する 消極的な 128 to 128, and will only tie up 1 "space" of memory or レコード space per datum. (I know that 声明 同意しないs with what I 報告（する）／憶測d in the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） above, but I 設立する 相反する （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） in my 研究s.) (See "実験s" below, if you want to dig into this deeper. I don't recommend it, for the general reader!)
In general, I would just use the "Integer" type, and be done with it.
You may find that some, but probably not all, of the さまざまな integer types do 許す you to enter 消極的な numbers in a field. 実験. Tell me what you discover?
Data types for numbers- numbers with fractions
ooBase 申し込む／申し出s two data types for numbers with fractions. I'm surprised there aren't more... many more are possible!
The two they 収容する／認める to are....
-Number [numeric]
-Decimal [decimal]
In both 事例／患者s, you can tell ooBase how many decimal places to 記録，記録的な／記録する the number to. In neither 事例／患者 are we told how much space the field will 占領する. The difference between the types? I don't know. At least things are simple here for us!
In general, the different data types used to 代表する numbers with fractions 伴う／関わる all of the 貿易（する）- offs we've already discussed, 加える another one called "precision". A 確かな type may be able to 記録，記録的な／記録する a 抱擁する number, but not be able to 蓄える／店 the fraction part to very many decimal places. Another may not be able to 対処する with large numbers, but still be able to 蓄える／店 it with many decimal places of the わずかの part of the number.
科学の notation is usually 伴う／関わるd, and I could discuss that 味方する of things, but I 疑問 many readers would thank me. Send me an email if you 同意しない!
Miscellaneous special data types
We'll start with something simple: The "Yes/No [boolean]" type.
If you 割り当てる this type to a field, then you can only 蓄える／店 "Yes" or "No" in the field. (This may be called "True" or "誤った", "1" or "0", or be shown with a tick (or absence of tick) in a box.) (One mystery arose as I was 研究ing this for you: The ooBase form designer does not seem to be able to を取り引きする fields which are of type "Boolean". I 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う you 追加する them to a form the same way as you 追加する image-type data fields to a form. (See next paragraph.)) ooBase will probably check what you've entered, and 拒絶する 無効の 入ること／参加（者）s, or just turn everything except, say, "Y" into "N". You can mimic this type with a simple text type field, length 1. I can almost certainly... although I couldn't quickly find how just now... 令状 something to 軍隊 the 使用者 to entering a y or an n, not, say, an x. I might want to 許す the 使用者 "?" 同様に... which "Yes/No" won't 許す (although you could fudge it by 追加するing "nothing in field" as an 選択. But that would not be good. "Nothing" might signify "don't know", or "forgot to fill this field in". (There's more on 事柄s like this in my tutorial on data validation.)
Base 申し込む／申し出s four other "special" data types. At first, from reading the documentation, I thought that you couldn't change the space 充てるd to any of them; they each seemed （問題を）取り上げる 2 gigabytes of space per 記録，記録的な／記録する... at least I 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う that I mis- read it... there must be a way to 蓄える／店 shorter binary- type data. Since my 初期の 熟考する／考慮する of the 支配する, I 調査するd creating databases with images 蓄える／店d in them, in Image [longvarbinary]-type fields. In that 事例／患者, at least, if you 追加する a 200k image to a database, the size of the database only grows by about 200k. Whew.
The Good Thing about such types is that you can 蓄える／店 anything in those fields. The Bad News is that you can't 推定する／予想する ooBase (or any other databases) to have a built-in 能力 for 現在のing all of the sorts of "stuff" coded into the numbers you have 蓄える／店d in the field. (ooBase can however 現在の many things 蓄える／店d in 広範囲にわたって used 判型s, at least many sorts of image とじ込み／提出するs.) Your numbers could 代表する an image, a sound, the 重要な to decrypt an encrypted とじ込み／提出する, etc, etc.
That's the worst of this essay behind you!
That's it! 井戸／弁護士席 done, you, struggling on to this point.
Just in 結論, to 保証する you that you've understood the above, what about the 顧客 helpdesk example I started with? These are the data types you might 割り当てる to the さまざまな fields. These are not the only possible reasonable answers.
Date the call arrived: Date type field
Time the call arrived: Time
How long it was (in whole minutes): Integer, or Small Integer
Who dealt with the call: Text (see below)
公式文書，認める about what the call 関心d: Text
(I put the date and time that the call arrived in separate fields to 容易にする asking "What times of the day are our busiest?")
While the "Who dealt with the call" is held in a simple text- type field, there is 広大な／多数の／重要な 範囲 for 存在 "clever" here, in the 追跡 of 正確な and 完全にする data.... but that's a story for another time. (In a nutshell- I'd use 従業員 codes.)
Congratulations (and thanks) for sticking with this rather 乾燥した，日照りの and 包括的な 贈呈.
Some 実験s ________
ーするために （疑いを）晴らす up some of the gray areas implicit in the above, I've done some 実験s.
With what ooBase calls a "Tiny Integer": If you enter -120 or 120, you get what you entered. If you enter 128, when you leave or save the 記録，記録的な／記録する, ooBase changes it to 消極的な 128. This is not as strange as it seems, if you understand the underlying mathematics. I infer that a TinyInt, in technical 条件, is a 調印するd 8 bit number. (This is the basis of what I said above about it 要求するing 1 "space" (byte) of memory or 貯蔵 space 権利.... Perhaps the documentation writers were afraid that people might think that the biggest TinyInt you could enter was 9. But you can't enter 128, let alone 999, so they just created a different 混乱, if that was their thinking.) If a TinyInt is a 調印するd 8 bit number, it can 蓄える／店 消極的な 128 to 肯定的な 127, inclusive. If you enter numbers outside that 範囲, you will be in a 状況／情勢 類似の to that of a car with only 5 digits on its odometer when it goes a mile past 99999. With the car, you go 支援する to 0. With a 調印するd number, you go from the biggest number that can be shown to the smallest. The good news is that ooBase doesn't 落ちる over, at least in the examples I've tried. If you enter 260, when you leave or save the 記録，記録的な／記録する, it will be changed to 4. This 最初 lead me astray... I thought maybe a TinyInt was an unsigned 8 bit number. They can 蓄える／店 0-255 inclusive. The 4 makes sense, but it is 平易な to mis-解釈する／通訳する it! It would use one "space" in memory or on your レコード.
With what ooBase calls a "Small Integer": You can enter numbers from 消極的な 32768 to 32767. Try to go outside this 範囲, and your number will change as soon as you leave the 記録，記録的な／記録する, or try to 蓄える／店 it. This 示唆するs that an Small Integer is a 調印するd 16-bit number. As such, it would use two "spaces" in memory or on your レコード.
With what ooBase calls an "Integer": You can enter numbers from 消極的な 2147483648 to 2147483647. Try to go outside this 範囲, and your number will change as soon as you leave the 記録，記録的な／記録する, or try to 蓄える／店 it. This 示唆するs that an ooBase Integer is a 調印するd 32-bit number. As such, it would use four "spaces" in memory or on your レコード.
I dislike 'fancy' websites with more 関心 for a flashy
外見 than for good content. For a pretty picture, I can go to
an art gallery. Of course, an attractive 場所／位置 WITH content deserves
賞賛する... as long as that pretty 直面する doesn't cost download time. In
any 事例／患者....
I am trying to 現在の this 構成要素 in a 判型 which makes it
平易な for you to USE it. There are two 面s to that: The way it is
分裂（する） up, and the way it is 地位，任命するd. See the main 索引 to this 構成要素 for more （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） about the way it is 分裂（する） up, and the way it is 地位，任命するd.
広告 from page's editor: Yes.. I do enjoy
収集するing these things for you... I hope they are helpful. However..
this doesn't 支払う／賃金 my 法案s!!! If you find this stuff useful, (and you
run an MS-DOS or Windows PC) please visit my freeware and shareware
page, download something, and 循環させる it for me? Links on your page
to this page would also be 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるd!
Page 実験（する）d for 同意／服従 with INDUSTRY (not MS-only) 基準s, using the 解放する／自由な, 公然と accessible validator at validator.w3.org
Bookmark this on Delicious
Recommend toStumbleUpon