What IS a "保護物，者", anyway??

First, a quick word about Arduino 保護物，者s, in general:

Arduinos are wonderfully general 壇・綱領・公約s. True Arduinos, and some of the clones, have a 基準 始める，決める of connectors for interfacing the basic board with support 回路・連盟s. 企業ing entrepreneurs and hyperactive hobbyists produce 居住させるd printed 回路・連盟 boards which just "plug into" some or all of the 26 関係 points. These boards are called "保護物，者s". They typically use some of the signals from the Arduino to 運動 useful 構成要素s on the 保護物，者, and pass some or all of the signals on, either through "daisy-chain-able" connectors, or others. The 保護物，者s often create something with extra 能力s, at the price of constraining some of the "generality" of the underlying Arduino.

The nuelectronics datalogging 保護物，者 is typical of what I've just said. すぐに we will turn to the 明確な／細部s of that board. Just before we do so, though, I would draw your attention to the "保護物，者s" page of the Arduino playground where many, many 保護物，者s are 述べるd.

要約 of lines and 資源s used

Even if you are only at the "flash some LEDs" 行う／開催する／段階 of mastering the Arduino, and you aren't doing anything "clever", you can use the に引き続いて 数字表示式の lines of the Arduino, without any 関心s beyond the normal 関心s, if you have one of the datalogging 保護物，者s from nuelectronics plugged in...

The Analog lines, ADC 0-5.

Now... 許す me if you knew this... but ADC 0-5 are not just for analog inputs. They can be used to send out a PWM signal. They can also.... though not 同時に!... be used as 数字表示式の lines. Just "talk to" 数字表示式の line 14, and whatever you say to it will "come out" on the pin you thought was Analog 0!

I'm pretty sure that 数字表示式の line 13 is also 利用できる, but best used for 生産（高） only, as the main board has an LED (and 現在の 限界ing resistor on it if your main board is typical.

You can plug things into ADC 0-5 (aka 数字表示式の 14-19) 経由で the three and four pin connectors arranged "horizontally" around the 保護物，者, the connectors called P1, P2, P4-P9 in the nuelectronics 文書s, as shown on my "指名するing of Parts" page in this collection of tutorials. (There doesn't appear to be a P3, by the way.)

Those signals are also 利用できる to you 経由で the 列／漕ぐ／騒動s of vertical sockets along the 味方するs of the 保護物，者, above the 列／漕ぐ／騒動s of vertical sockets along the 味方するs of the Arduino... the sockets the 保護物，者 plugs into.

Now don't get all excited! You can't plug one thing into, say, P4 and another into the socket for D14. You would just, 最終的に, be making two 関係s to the same place! But in one 事業／計画（する） it may 控訴 you to use P4, and in another you may prefer to use the vertical socket on the 辛勝する／優位 of the board.

Beware: The signals brought to P6-P9 are also brought to P1 and P2. The 詳細（に述べる）s are at my "指名するing of Parts" page.

Also 利用できる: 数字表示式の line 2, 数字表示式の lines 7-10.

詳細（に述べる）s of lines used

This section repeats what is 暗示するd by the previous section, but 詳細（に述べる）s are now 供給するd, perhaps of 利益／興味 some readers.

All of the 26 lines that pass to the 保護物，者 from the Arduino pass onward to the 列／漕ぐ／騒動s of vertical sockets around the 辛勝する／優位 of the 保護物，者. 井戸／弁護士席... they would be, wouldn't they? But I'm telling you: they are. In 事例／患者 you weren't sure.

A 詳細（に述べる）... 許す me for looking "stupid", but I 港／避難所't got around to the "joys" of the ICSP pins yet. On the 基準 Arduino, and on the 保護物，者, there is a 封鎖する of 6 pins (two 列／漕ぐ／騒動s of three) 示すd "ICSP". There is no direct 関係 from the Arduino to the 保護物，者 to interconnect those pins, but, for all I know, they tap into signals which have 指名するs discussed どこかよそで in this 文書. At the moment, I never connect anything to the ICSP 封鎖する. I'll have to learn about those pins one day... but I'm not doing it today!

One more 詳細（に述べる） (for now): You will see "one wire" and "one wire interface" in the nuelectronics documentation. This is not always connected with "1-Wire" (a Dallas trademark) at all, and even when you are connecting a 1-Wire 装置 to a nuelectronics "one wire" 関係 point, you won't often (ever?) get dragged into some of the more コンビナート／複合体 1-Wire 問題／発行するs. If you want to know more, I've done another page about this source of possible 混乱.

Uses and availability of 数字表示式の lines....

I won't 約束 that the に引き続いて is 包括的な, but I think it is a pretty good 試みる／企てる!

The "0:" at the start of the next paragraph tells you that I am talking about the two lines the Arduino calls "数字表示式の 0 and 数字表示式の 1".

0 and 1: These lines are used by the Arduino for the serial link to the 開発 壇・綱領・公約. As such, in 新規加入 to 供給するing the channel across which the Arduino's programs ("sketches") are uploaded, they are also the lines over which the serial 監視する is 器具／実施するd, i.e. the way you Serial.print("Hello World"); 作品. So I will leave them alone until I am really 圧力（をかける）d to find an 付加 line to use!

2:As far as I know, this line is 未使用の by the 保護物，者, and 単に pass though in the vertical connectors at the 辛勝する／優位 of the board.

3, 4 and 6:These lines go to the real time clock (RTC) 半導体素子. I'd be inclined to leave them alone unless you really know what you are doing! D4 is not 株d by the SPI and RTC 回路・連盟s... don't be fooled by the Atmega pin 指名するs and the Arduino I/O line 指名するs.

5:This line goes to the 回路・連盟s for the SD card, labeled "SD CS LV", it is the SD card 半導体素子 select signal. I'd be inclined to leave it alone unless you really know what you are doing!

7-10:As far as I can see, these are 未使用の by the 保護物，者, and 単に pass though in the vertical connectors at the 辛勝する／優位 of the board.

11:This line goes to the 回路・連盟s for the SD card; it is the SD card MOSI signal. I'd be inclined to leave it alone unless you really know what you are doing!

12:This line goes to the 回路・連盟s for the SD card; it is the SD card MISO signal. I'd be inclined to leave it alone unless you really know what you are doing!

13:On a normal Arduino, this will be connected to an LED (and suitable 現在の 限界ing resistor) on the main (Arduino) PCB. If you want to use the line as an 生産（高）, you won't 普通は 遭遇（する） difficulties. You can "wink" that main board LED to 控訴 your needs or wants. But! It is also the SD card 回路・連盟's SCK, so I'd be inclined to leave it alone unless you really know what you are doing!

"数字表示式の lines" 14-19: As 以前 について言及するd, as is the general (Arduino) 支配する, these lines "co-存在する" in the form of the "Analog lines" 0-5. See the general "how to use Arduino" （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） どこかよそで on the web for all the 詳細（に述べる）s of that 二塁打 身元. (As is also 一般に true, these lines can be used to 生産（高） PWM signals, too. Again... see general 言及／関連s.) These six signals are also taken to the connectors P1, P2, P3-P6 at the board's 辛勝する／優位. Wait a minute... 6 signals, 8 connectors, two of them carrying two signals?? Some of the signals go, in 平行の, to more than one connector. See my page "指名するing of Parts".

That covers the "main", "data" lines passed through the 26 connectors between Arduino and 保護物，者. Having come so far, we might 同様に polish of the remaining 5 interconnects:

Reset: If this line is brought low, the Arduino resets. There's a button on the 保護物，者 which will bring the line low if you 圧力（をかける） it.

Ground/ 無 volts: Not a very exciting line, but 必須の to all your work.

5v: This taps into whatever is 供給（する）ing the 5v to the Arduino's 回路・連盟s. Beginner's beware: There are 限界s to how much you can ask this line to do. Run a few LEDs? No problem. 力／強力にする a water fountain's pump? No. While we're on the 支配する of "力／強力にする"... a) so that you can make Arduino design 進歩, learn the 正確な meaning of that, as used by 電気の engineers, and b) know that there are 限界s to the 力／強力にする the pins from the Arduino can 配達する.

"3v": This is fed 3.3v from an LD1117 regulator on the 保護物，者. Don't ask this to 配達する much 力／強力にする.

Vin: This, as far as I know, is just a pass-through from the Arduino. I'm not aware of any 関係 between this and the 回路・連盟s or connectors on the 保護物，者.

詳細（に述べる）s of 資源s used

I hope you see the above as 公正に／かなり 包括的な; I hope it answers questions you may have had.

I'll now turn to some questions you may not have thought to ask.

The 半導体素子 at the heart of Arduinos is a beauty. It can do no end of clever things. Did you know there's a 気温 sensor built into it, for instance? (No, it is not really very useful for getting more than an indirect and 混乱させるd idea of the 気温 of the 環境 around the 半導体素子. It is more for checking that the operating 条件s the 半導体素子 finds itself in are not 主要な to overheating.)

I have to 自白する that I am a long way from 存在 専門家 in some of the 前進するd topics I am going to touch on... but I know enough to know that I know enough to be dangerous. I want to try to get you that far 同様に.

As long as you never use a library, and never use interrupts, you are 安全な. And you can do a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 within those 制限s. But I do mean as long as you don't use any library, 含むing ones 特記する／引用するd in pages 関係のある to this one.

That's not to say "never use a library".... but when you do, beware.

The 半導体素子 at the heart of your Arduino, I'll call it "your 加工業者" 今後, is blessed with some timers and it is 有能な of 答える／応じるing to interrupts. If you are unfamiliar with either 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 in an 電気の 工学 状況, don't assume too much... electronics engineers have meanings for those words which may seem strange to people outside their fraternity. (Oh dear. Am I 許すd to say that? There are lady engineers, after all. Their "club"?) "Real time clock" is a 類似の 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語. How many people would consider that "clock" 暗示するs a calendar". When is time not "real"? And then there's the "system clock", which knows nothing of the time of day. ENOUGH!!!

Not only does your 加工業者 have timers and interrupts, but both of them can be configured. Whenever your Arduino is reset, the 行為 of the timers and interrupts goes 支援する to a default 明言する／公表する. But their 行為 may not stay like that for long. This is where the libraries come in. Take, for example, the library which makes it 平易な to read signals from an infra-red remote 支配（する）／統制する, which I recommend in my tutorial about using the TSOP1838 IR 支配（する）／統制する signal sensor. What you do to read such a sensor on the Arduino's pin 14 is...

#含む <IRremote.h>

IRrecv irrecv(14);
decode_results results;

無効の 体制／機構() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  irrecv.enableIRIn();
}

無効の 宙返り飛行() {
  if (irrecv.decode(&results)) {
    Serial.println(results.value, HEX);
    irrecv.再開する();
  }
}

Looks 害のない enough! But the endeviling 詳細（に述べる） is the line irrecv.enableIRIn();

That line certainly takes you off into the 内部の of the IRremote library. It therefore may be altering the way your 加工業者's timers are 始める，決める up. It may be altering what interrupts your 加工業者 is 支払う／賃金ing attention to, and what it does when interrupted.

Don't Panic (Mr. Mannering)... these "maybes" are not やむを得ず going to make any difference to you. But, what if, say, you want your system to 問題／発行する a 確かな PWM signal on line 15 if a 確かな signal is seen 経由で the TSOP1838... and the IRremote ソフトウェア has done something to a timer or interrupt 普通は 献身的な to 生成するing PWM signals? Will something like this happen to 妨害する something you want to do? I hope not. I even 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う not. But you need to be aware of the 可能性.

Please, please: Don't let those 警告 put you off either the Arduino or the datalogging 保護物，者. The 可能性s are manageable, and you can do a lot before even entering the land of those 可能性s. Just be aware that as you 投機・賭ける その上の from the world of the beginner there are more things to master if you want to be sure that everything (井戸／弁護士席, as many things as you can cover) is under 支配（する）／統制する.

The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) to the SD card

Your Arduino can 令状 data to an SD card 挿入するd into the datalogging 保護物，者. This much we know! I'm pretty sure we can also read data from the 保護物，者. Look at the web-page for the Petit FAT とじ込み／提出する System Module, and I'm pretty sure that only slight 改正s are needed to what I 現在のd in my tutorial about 令状ing to the SD card ーするために read from it.

The SD card 回路・連盟s 器具／実施する a Serial Peripheral Interface, aka "SPI". ("Interface" in this instance 含むs 金物類／武器類 and ソフトウェア considerations.) The Arduino data lines 存在 used for the SPI (four lines) are 始める，決める out in the earlier parts of this page.

There's a 文書 about the SPI from the main Arduino 場所／位置 which may or may not 利益／興味 決定するd 捜査官／調査官s. That 文書 speaks of MISO, MOSI and (only) two more signals. (The other two have 指名するs that are probably 同等（の） to the SC and SCK signals in the nuelectronics documentation.)

There's a lovely line in the psalms: "These things are too high for me". If digging into the code in a library is not "too high" for you, you could probably answer questions about the 詳細（に述べる）s of the SPI by looking into the sensor_pff library. Only that, and the avr/pgmspace, libraries are needed to get the nuelectronics 保護物，者 to 令状 to an SD card... but... there's a trick in my "only that". "That" (the sensor_pff library) will probably itself call libraries to 器具／実施する the Petit FAT とじ込み／提出する System Module. But I think that you won't have to dig that 深い. I think that the （人命などを）奪う，主張するing of necessary lines will be done in the "最高の，を越す 層s" of sensor_pff.

And now for a bit of Good News to finish off with: The nuelectronics 保護物，者 does not need libraries to work with most of the sensors 申し込む／申し出d by nuelectronics- not even the DS18B20 気温 sensor. It does need to use a library to 接近 the RTC and, of course, the SD card. But even in the 事例／患者 of the SD card there is good(?) news: You don't need the Arduino SPI libraries in 新規加入 to the sensor_pff library.... although I 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う that parts of them, or 同等（の） code, is buried in or called by the sensor_pff library. I put the question 示す after "good" because in some ways, I prefer to work with "基準" libraries... but there are times when a "special" library is just 罰金, and I 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う that this is one of them!

ICSP header

If you need to ask, you don't need to know... I hope. But for my fellow obsessives, here is what I know about the 6 pin header labeled "ICSP". 公式文書，認める that this info is not 立証するd by my own 実験s.

I believe that the main 推論する／理由 this header is 供給するd on the main Arduino boards, and on the 保護物，者 is to give anyone who wants it an 補欠／交替の／交替する, more direct way to program the Atmega at the heart of the Arduino.

In nuelectronic's excellent 回路・連盟 diagram of the datalogging 保護物，者, downloadable from their 場所／位置, the pins are said to carry the に引き続いて signals. This agrees with a discussion of programming 経由で the ICSP header on the Arduino.

公式文書，認める: The pins are numbered thus, in both diagrams:

1   2
3   4
5   6

Signals on pins:

• 1: MISO
• 2: Vcc
• 3: SDK /SCK
• 4: MOSI
• 5: Reset
• 6: Gnd

公式文書，認める that on the datalogging 保護物，者, these same signals are 伴う／関わるd with the SD card read/令状 準備／条項. Some (all?) of them passing through 5v to 3.3v lefel 転換s along the way. My guess? If you are using a 5v Arduino, then these signals, at the ICSP header are still at 5v. As I said: use of the ICSP is a thing "too high for me" at the moment... and I've never connected anything to those pins, for 恐れる of 乱すing things I'm doing どこかよそで.