The Irish 飢饉 which began に向かって the end of 1846 was a 災害 which stirred England 深く，強烈に. The British 救済 協会 was formed and the sum of ｣500,000 was subscribed for the 救済 of the 苦しんでいる人s. Strzelecki was 任命するd an スパイ／執行官 to superintend the 配当 of 供給（する）s in the 郡s of Sligo and Mayo. He 充てるd himself to his 仕事 with success, though for a time incapacitated by 飢饉 fever. In 1847-8 he continued his work in Dublin as 単独の スパイ／執行官 for the 協会. In 承認 of his services he was made a Companion of the Bath in November 1848. On his return to London he gave much attention to philanthropic 利益／興味s, and 特に in 補助装置ing the 移住 of 貧窮化した families to Australia, in which he was associated with Mrs Chisholm (q.v.). He was elected a fellow of the 王室の Society in 1853, in June 1860 he was given the 名誉として与えられる degree of D.C.L. of Oxford, and in 1869 he was created a K.C.M.G. He died at London on 6 October 1873. He never married. He corresponded with Adyna Turno on affectionate 条件 and 20 years after their 試みる／企てる at elopement they still considered themselves betrothed. They do not appear to have met again until Strzelecki was about 70 years of age.

Strzelecki, after a somewhat 騒然とした 青年, developed into a man of 罰金 character and personal charm. He was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 労働者, a good explorer and scientist, and his one 調書をとる／予約する so far at least as the Tasmanian 部分 is 関心d was not superseded for 45 years. His only other 出版（物） was a 補足（する） to this work, Gold and Silver, which told the story of his 発見 of gold in Australia to 保護する himself "against the imputation of 怠慢，過失 or incapacity as a 地質学の and mineralogical surveyor".

W, L. Havard, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s, 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. XXVI, pp. 20-97; Sydney 先触れ（する）, 19 August 1841; Ernest Scott, The 先触れ（する）, Melbourne, 24 June 1939; The Times, 7 and 17 October 1873; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 25 July and 1 August 1936.

STUART, SIR ALEXANDER (1825-1886), 首相 of New South むちの跡s,

was born at Edinburgh in 1825, the son of Alexander Stuart. He was educated at the Edinburgh 学院 and on leaving school entered a merchant's office at Glasgow. His next 任命 was at a linen mill in the north of Ireland and in 1845 he went to India. Finding that the 気候 did not 控訴 him he went to New Zealand for a period, and in 1851 除去するd to Sydney. The Victorian gold 発見s tempted him to try his fortune on the diggings at Ballarat and Bendigo, but he was not successful. He returned to Sydney in 1852 and was given a position in the Bank of New South むちの跡s. In いっそう少なく than two years he had become 長官 and an 視察官 of 支店s. In 1855 he 受託するd a 共同 in R. Towns (q.v.) and Company, merchants, and became 井戸／弁護士席-known as a 商売／仕事 man in Sydney. During a 論争 on the education question he spoke in favour of denominational schools and in 1874 was elected a member of the 法律を制定する 議会 for East Sydney. In February 1876 he 後継するd William Forster (q.v.) as treasurer in the third Robertson (q.v.) 省, and held the position until Robertson was 敗北・負かすd in March 1877. Stuart 辞職するd his seat in March 1879 to become スパイ／執行官-general at London but gave up this 任命 in April. He was returned for Illawarra at the 総選挙 in 1880 and became leader of the 対立. In 1882 the Parkes-Robertson 省 was 敗北・負かすd and Stuart became 首相 from 5 January 1883 to 6 October 1885. He 後継するd in passing a land 行為／法令／行動する in 1884 after much 対立, and other 行為／法令／行動するs dealt with the civil service, 解雇する／砲火／射撃 旅団s, the university, and licensing. In October 1884 he had a paralytic 一打／打撃 and went to New Zealand to recuperate. It was during his illness that W. B. Dalley (q.v.) as 事実上の／代理-首相 申し込む／申し出d to send a 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 to the Sudan. Stuart 辞職するd in October 1885 and was 指名するd to a seat in the 法律を制定する 会議. In 1886 he was 任命するd (n)役員／(a)執行力のある commissioner to the 植民地の and Indian 展示 at London, but died there after a short illness on 16 June 1886. He married in 1853 行方不明になる C. E. 支持を得ようと努めるd who 生き残るd him. He was created K.C.M.G. in 1885. He was a man of probity, with a high 評判 in 財政上の circles.

The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 18 June 1886; The Times, 17 June 1886; 公式の／役人 History of New South むちの跡s.

STUART, JOHN McDOUALL (1815-1866), explorer, [ also 言及する to John McDouall STUART page at 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia]

was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, on 7 September 1815, the son of William Stuart, a captain in the army. He arrived in South Australia in 1838 where he entered the 政府 調査する department. In 1844 he joined the 探検隊／遠征隊 to the centre of Australia led by Captain Charles Sturt (q.v.) as. draftsman and 伸び（る）d invaluable experience. Little is known of his life during the next 14 years, but on 14 May 1858 Stuart with one companion and six horses made an 探検隊／遠征隊 to west of the Torrens 水盤／入り江, a northerly course 存在 taken until 24 June. He then proceeded north-westerly until 11 July when a turn was made to the south-west, and on 16 July Stuart turned 支援する 平行の with his 初めの course. A fair 量 of good land was discovered, but on taking a westerly course again Stuart 設立する himself at 開始する 密告者 on 8 August in "fearful country". Going almost 予定 south, he passed through a "dreary dreadful dismal 砂漠 of 激しい sand hills and spinifex". When Streaky Bay was reached on 21 August the explorers had been without food for three days. On the に引き続いて day they arrived at a 駅／配置する, and both Stuart and his companion Forster became very ill from the 影響s of their previous 餓死. An 施行するd stay of nine days was made and then an easterly course was taken until a 駅／配置する 近づく 開始する Arden was reached north-east of Port Augusta. Stuart had travelled かなり over a thousand miles. This 探検隊／遠征隊 had been 財政／金融d by William 密告者, who with James 議会s 共同で 供給するd the means for Stuart to go north again. His diary does not give the strength of his party but three men are について言及するd, Miller, Hergott and Campbell, as 存在 with him. 近づく 開始する Hamilton Stuart turned more to the north than in 1858. He reached 近づく latitude 27ｰ and then finding that his horses' shoes were all 急速な／放蕩な wearing out, decided to return and arrived at Glen's 駅／配置する 近づく Termination Hill on 3 July 1859. Stuart's third 探検隊／遠征隊 始める，決める out on 4 November 1859 and reached Lake Eyre two days later. やめる 早期に in this 旅行 Stuart had 広大な／多数の／重要な trouble with his 注目する，もくろむs, on 12 November he について言及するs in his diary that he is "almost blind". About the end of December a week was spent at Freeling Springs, and some prospecting for gold was done without result although some of the quartz looked 約束ing. On 6 January 1860 as 準備／条項s were running short he decided to return to 議会s Creek. Of Kekwick one of the men with him Stuart said that he was "everything I could wish a man to be". But he had 広大な／多数の／重要な trouble with two other men who wished to return to Adelaide.

On 2 March 1860 Stuart left 議会's Creek on his fourth 旅行. He had Kekwick and one other man with him and 13 horses. By 13 April he had reached the McDonell [sic] 範囲 and on 22 April 設立する that he was （軍の）野営地，陣営d in the centre of Australia. A 頂点（に達する） about two and a half miles to the north-east was given the 指名する of Central 開始する Sturt, afterwards called Central 開始する Stuart, and on the に引き続いて day he 上がるd it and 工場／植物d the British 旗 there. From there Stuart travelled about 150 miles to the north-west, but had to retrace his steps as he was 苦しむing much from scurvy. The 旅行 north was then continued through the Murchison and McDonell 範囲s. On 26 June the party was attacked by aborigines; Stuart reluctantly had to 解雇する／砲火／射撃 on them, and next day finding his rations getting very low decided to return. Many privations were 耐えるd and Kekwick became very ill, but they 後継するd in reaching Hamilton Springs on 26 August. After a few days' 残り／休憩（する） Stuart arrived at Adelaide in October 1860. He had reached almost to the 18th degree of south latitude and the South Australian 議会 now 投票（する）d ｣2500 for the 器具／備品 of a larger and better 組織するd 探検隊／遠征隊. It left on 29 November, Stuart having William Kekwick as his second in 命令（する） and 10 other men. When they left 議会s Creek on 1 January 1861 the party consisted of 12 men and 49 horses. Marchant Springs on the 密告者 was reached on 22 February, Hamilton Springs on 24 March, and Attack Creek 近づく the farthest point of the previous 旅行, on 25 April. On 4 May they （機の）カム to Sturt's Plain and during the next few weeks tried vainly to find a good 跡をつける to the north. In places the scrub was so dense it was almost impenetrable. On 4 July Stuart was still hoping to reach the Victoria, but on 12 July 設立する himself 軍隊d to return as the men were showing the 影響s of short rations. They crossed the Centre on 30 July, 議会s Creek on 7 September, and Adelaide was reached on 23 September 1861.

In spite of the ill-success of his 成果／努力s Stuart was still 確信して that he could cross the continent. A fresh 探検隊／遠征隊 was arranged which left Adelaide on 21 October 1861. Stuart, however, was knocked 負かす／撃墜する by a 後部ing horse and was unable to proceed for some weeks. He again had William Kekwick as second officer and 10 others, but one man had to be discarded 早期に in the 旅行 and another 砂漠d. Marchant Springs was reached on 15 February, the Centre was passed on 12 March and Attack Creek on 28 March. They （機の）カム to Sturt Plains on 15 April and Daly Waters on 28 May, which was made the base for about a fortnight. Stuart had thought of making for the 湾 of Carpentaria but 設立する the country against him. 訴訟／進行 north he （機の）カム to the Roper River on 26 June. A course north-west was then 始める，決める. Latitude 14 degrees was crossed on 8 July and they reached the Adelaide River two days later. From here onwards the country was good and there was no 欠如（する） of water. On 24 July the Indian Ocean in 先頭 Diemen 湾 was sighted to the 広大な／多数の／重要な joy of the party.

On 26 July Stuart began the return 旅行. His horses were in poor 条件 and by 10 August he had been 強いるd to abandon some of them. On 22 August Stuart was so weak that he began to 疑問 whether he could reach Adelaide, and his eyesight was so bad that he was unable to take 観察s. Attack Creek was crossed on 14 September. On 28 October Stuart tells us in his 定期刊行物 he was 減ずるd to a "perfect 骸骨／概要" and was いつかs so ill that he had to be carried on a 担架. They arrived at Mr Jarvis's 駅／配置する at 開始する Margaret on 26 November, and after a few days' 残り／休憩（する） Stuart 押し進めるd on with three of his party leaving the 残りの人，物 under the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of Kekwick to continue the 旅行 when the horses had 十分に 回復するd. On 9 December 1862 Stuart arrived at 開始する Stuart 駅／配置する and Adelaide on 18 December. In his 報告（する）／憶測 Stuart 特に commended Messrs Kekwick and Thring for the good work they had done throughout the long and trying 旅行. The success of the 探検隊／遠征隊 was rewarded by a 認める of ｣3500 of which Stuart received ｣2000. He was 認めるd the 賃貸し（する）, rent 解放する／自由な, of a large area in the north, and was also awarded the gold メダル of the 王室の Geographical Society. J. W. Waterhouse, who had …を伴ってd the 探検隊／遠征隊 as naturalist, 後継するd in bringing 支援する a collection of birds, 爆撃するs and 工場／植物s, though at one 行う／開催する／段階 it was 恐れるd that everything would have to be abandoned except food. Stuart never 回復するd from the 影響s of the privations 耐えるd on his 旅行s. 令状ing to Sturt in June 1863 he について言及するs that his 憲法 is broken, and asks Sturt for his 利益／興味 for a その上の reward, but Sturt was unable to do anything. In April 1864 he proceeded to England and died in London on 5 June 1866. There is a statue to his memory in Victoria-square, Adelaide. 探検s in Australia. The 定期刊行物s of John McDouall Stuart, edited by W. Hardman, was published in 1864.

Stuart was a 広大な／多数の／重要な explorer of indomitable courage who never lost a man in any of his 探検隊／遠征隊s. He had not Sturt's way with the aborigines, more than once he （機の）カム in 衝突 with them, and on some of his 探検隊／遠征隊s he was ill-equipped and without 科学の 器具s. But his 旅行 across Australia and 支援する in 1861 and 1862 was of 広大な／多数の／重要な value in 開始 up the country, and remains one of the epics of Australian 探検.

William Hardman, The 定期刊行物s of John McDouall Stuart; Mrs N. G. Sturt, Life of Charles Sturt; William Howitt, History of 発見 in Australia; F. Johns, A 新聞記者／雑誌記者's Jottings; E. Hodder, The History of South Australia; J. Blacket, History of South Australia; The Gentleman's Magazine, July 1866, p. 121.

STUART, SIR THOMAS PETER ANDERSON (1856-1920), physiologist, 創立者 of 医療の school, university of Sydney,

was born at Dumfries, Scotland, on 20 June 1856. His father, Alexander Stuart, was a 井戸／弁護士席-known 商売／仕事 man in his town, a 治安判事 and a member of the town 会議. His mother, 以前は a 行方不明になる Anderson, was a woman of ability and character. Stuart was educated at the Dumfries 学院 and at 14 was 見習い工d to a 化学者／薬剤師. He soon passed the 予選 examination of the 製薬の Society, and at 16 the minor examination which November 1875 returned to Scotland. He entered at Edinburgh university and had one of the most brilliant careers in 薬／医学 ever known at Edinburgh. He was awarded 10 メダルs and won other prizes and scholarships. During Stuart's course Lister was bringing in his 革命の changes in the 治療 of 外科 事例／患者s, and the young student had the 適切な時期 of working under both the old and new methods. He 完全にするd his course in 1880, with first-class honours and the Ettles scholarship. He was asked by Professor Rutherford to become his 長，指導者 デモ参加者／実演宣伝者, and in 準備 for this made その上の 熟考する／考慮するs in physiology and chemistry at Strasburg. A year later he returned to Edinburgh, took up his 義務s as デモ参加者／実演宣伝者, and すぐに afterwards qualified for the degree of M.D.

In 1882 it was decided to 学校／設ける a 医療の school at the university of Sydney and 使用／適用s were 招待するd for the 議長，司会を務める of anatomy and physiology. 指名／任命s were also requested from competent 団体／死体s, and the 王室の College of 外科医s, London, the university of Edinburgh, the 王室の College of 外科医s, Edinburgh, and the College of 内科医s, Glasgow, all 指名するd Stuart. He was duly 任命するd and arrived in Sydney 早期に in 1883. The only 医療の school building was one of four rooms, damp and unplastered, and a curriculum had to be 用意が出来ている and 手はず／準備 made for lecturers, デモ参加者／実演宣伝者s and attendants. There were only four students in the first year, but Stuart had the imagination to realize the 巨大な possible 開発 of the school, and was soon working out ideas for a new building. In 1885 he had got so far that 計画（する）s for a 医療の school, 用意が出来ている by the 政府 architect, were 認可するd, and in 1889 the building was 完全にするd and equipped with the necessary apparatus. It is a 罰金 building in Tudor gothic and, planned internally for use, it has excellently served its 目的. The number of students in the 医療の school had 増加するd to about 70; 30 years later the number was approaching 900. Having now got a worthy building Stuart was able to turn to other things, and 利益／興味d himself in bringing about 広大な／多数の／重要な 改良s in the university grounds then in a very neglected 明言する／公表する. Another useful piece of work was the 準備 of a bibliography of 科学の literature in the libraries of New South むちの跡s. He was a 罰金 裁判官 of men, and の中で the afterwards distinguished men who 行為／法令／行動するd as デモ参加者／実演宣伝者s and lecturers in his department were (Sir) Alexander McCormick, Professor J. T. Wilson, (Sir) James Graham (q.v.), (Sir) C. J. ツバメ, (Sir) Almroth Wright and Professor Chapman. When Stuart's 議長，司会を務める was divided in 1890 he 保持するd physiology, and Wilson was 任命するd to the new professorship of anatomy.

In 1890 while Stuart was on a visit to Europe he was asked by the 政府 to go to Berlin and 報告（する）／憶測 on Dr Koch's method of 扱う／治療するing tuberculosis. The resulting 報告（する）／憶測 was an 極端に able piece of work. While he could not regard the lymph as a successful curative スパイ／執行官 he 認めるd that a 広大な／多数の／重要な field of 研究 had been opened up, which would probably lead to very 価値のある work 存在 done not only in connexion with tuberculosis but with other 病気s. During another visit to Europe in 1891 he made その上の 調査s but could only 結論する that up to that date the Koch 治療 was a 失敗. On his return he was asked to become a member of the board of health, and at the beginning of 1893 became 医療の 助言者 to the 政府 and 大統領，／社長 of the board of health, the 二重の offices carrying a salary of ｣1030 a year. Some 反対 was made to his taking these positions while still a 十分な-time officer of the university. He held them until 1896 and did 価値のある work, but a public service board having been 構成するd it 支配するd that though Stuart was a 高度に efficient officer he should give his whole time to the 政府 positions. He decided to 辞職する as 大統領，／社長, but continued to be a member of the board for the 残りの人，物 of his life. He 設立する time to do some public lecturing and took an active 利益／興味 in the Prince Alfred hospital. In 1901 he became chairman, and it was 大部分は through his 率先 and 組織するing ability that this hospital became the largest general hospital in Australia. In 1901 he was responsible for the 開始 of a department of dentistry at the university. The number of 医療の students rose 刻々と through the years and 新規加入s were made to the buildings and the staff was 増加するd. In 1908 he was 大部分は 関心d in the 設立するing of the 学校／設ける of 熱帯の 薬／医学 at Townsville and in 1914 he was created a knight bachelor. 早期に in 1919 he became ill and an 探検の／予備の 操作／手術 公表する／暴露するd that his 条件 was hopeless. With 広大な／多数の／重要な courage he continued to carry out his work to as late as January 1920 and he died on 29 February. He married (1) 行方不明になる Ainslie in 1882 and (2) 行方不明になる Dorothy Primrose in 1894. Lady Stuart and her four sons 生き残るd him. His portrait by Sir John Longstaff is at the 国家の gallery, Sydney.

Anderson Stuart was a tall man of handsome presence, though his 目だつ nose made him an 平易な 支配する for the caricaturist. He was an excellent lecturer and a first-率 teacher, but it was his remarkable 商売／仕事 sense and personality that made him so distinguished. At times he made enemies and he was not always willing to give 十分な consideration to the opinions of others, but his energy, organization and foresight, made possible the remarkable 開発 of the Sydney 医療の school and the Prince Alfred hospital.

William Epps, Anderson Stuart, M.D.,. The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 1 March 1920; The British 医療の 定期刊行物, 12 June 1920; H. Moran, Viewless 勝利，勝つd, p. 92.

STURGESS, REGINALD WARD (1890-1932), painter in water-colours,

son of Edward Richard Sturgess, 閣僚 製造者, was born at Williamstown, Victoria on 18 June 1890. He …に出席するd the 地元の 明言する／公表する school and in 1905 joined the 製図／抽選 school at the 国家の gallery, Melbourne, then in the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of F. McCubbin (q.v.). In 1909 he won first prize for a 製図／抽選 of a 長，率いる from life, and going on to the 絵 school under Bernard Hall (q.v.), was awarded second prize in 1910 for a 絵 of still life. In 1911 he won the prize for a landscape 絵, and at the end of 1912 left the school. He was working for his father making decorative lampshades until 1916, when he took over the 商売／仕事. In 1917 he married Meta Townsend, who had been a fellow student at the 国家の gallery, but though not 井戸／弁護士席 off, he did not 試みる／企てる to sell his 絵s as he was not 満足させるd with the 基準 he had reached. He had nine pictures hung at the May 1921 展示 of the Victorian Artists' Society, and. six were 受託するd in the に引き続いて September, but though some were 定価つきの as low as ｣3 3s., 買い手s were slow in 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるing the 質 of his work.. However, in the same month he held a 共同の 展示 with D. Dunstan at the Athenaeum gallery which was successful, and he felt 十分に encouraged to have a one man show at the same gallery in July 1922. Of the 84 pictures shown 54 were sold and for the 残りの人，物 of his short life Sturgess never had difficulty in selling his work. Shows were held at Adelaide in 1926 and 1927, and at Sydney in 1928 and 1929. Other successful 展示s were held at Melbourne. He had a serious モーター 事故 in 1926 and 明らかに 回復するd, but in 1930 he had trouble with his eyesight and had to give up 絵. After two years of inactivity he died at Melbourne on 2 July 1932. His wife 生き残るd him with a daughter.

Sturgess was tall and slight, shy, 高度に 極度の慎重さを要する, and passionately fond of music. He was an excellent craftsman, and a beautiful colourist. Some of his work appears to have been 影響（力）d by Hilder (q.v.), but he was working in a 類似の style before he had 現実に seen the 年上の painter's work. He was attracted by 類似の 支配するs, but his 製図／抽選 is firmer than Hilder's and he more often has the feel of the open 空気／公表する. He is 代表するd by four examples at the 国家の gallery, Melbourne, by three in the Adelaide gallery, and also at Ballarat.

R. H. Croll, foreword to The Life and Work of R. W. Sturgess; 記録，記録的な／記録するs 国家の Gallery of Victoria; personal knowledge.

STURT, CHARLES (1795-1869), explorer, [ also 言及する to Charles STURT page at 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia]

was born in India on 28 April 1795, the second son of Thomas Lenox Napier Sturt, who became a 裁判官 in Bengal under the East India Company. The 裁判官 always known as Napier Sturt married Jeanette, daughter of Dr Andrew Wilson, who became the most perfect of mothers and the good angel of her husband through good and evil fortune. Charles was sent to England in his fifth year, and after going to a 準備の school was sent to Harrow in 1810 and in 1812 went to read with a Mr Preston 近づく Cambridge. But it was difficult for his father to find the money to give him a profession. An aunt made an 控訴，上告 to one of the 王室の princes, probably the prince regent, and on 9 September 1813 Sturt was gazetted an ensign in the 39th 連隊 of foot. He fought in the Spanish （選挙などの）運動をする in 1814 and in Canada later on in the same year. The 連隊 returned to Europe too late for Waterloo, but for three years afterwards was part of the army of 占領／職業 in northern フラン. Five years in Ireland followed and Sturt was still an ensign, but in April 1823 he was made a 中尉／大尉／警部補 and he became a captain in December 1825. He was now 駅／配置するd at Chatham, and in December 1826 乗る，着手するd for New South むちの跡s with a detachment of his 連隊 in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs.

He sailed with some prejudice against the 植民地 but 設立する the 条件s and 気候 so much better than he 推定する／予想するd that his feelings 完全に changed, and he developed a 広大な／多数の／重要な 利益／興味 in the country. 知事 Sir Ralph Darling (q.v.) formed a high opinion of him and 任命するd him major of 旅団 and 軍の 長官. Sturt became friendly with Oxley (q.v.), Cunningham (q.v.), Hume (q.v.) and other explorers, and in February 1828 he was 任命するd leader of an 探検隊／遠征隊 to ascertain the course and 運命／宿命 of the river Macquarie. It was not, however, until 10 November that the party started. It consisted of Sturt, his servant, John Harris, two 兵士s and eight 罪人／有罪を宣告するs and on 27 November he was joined by Hamilton Hume as his first assistant. Hume's experience and resourcefulness 証明するd very useful to his leader. A week was spent at Wellington Valley breaking in the oxen and horses, and on 7 December the real start into comparatively little known country was made. It was a 干ばつ year and the greatest difficulty was 設立する in getting 十分な water. The party returned to Wellington Valley on 21 April 1829. The courses of the Macquarie, Bogan and Castlereagh rivers had been followed, and though its importance was scarcely 十分に realized, the Darling had been discovered.

干ばつ 条件s had made it impossible to follow the course of the Darling, but in September 1829 Sturt made 手はず／準備 for a second 探検隊／遠征隊. He left on 3 November and in place of Hume, who was unable to join the party, Mr (afterwards Sir) George MacLeay went "as a companion rather than as an assistant". A whaleboat built in sections was carried with them which was put together, and on 7 January 1830 the eventful voyage 負かす／撃墜する the Murrumbidgee, and afterwards the Murray, was begun. Several times the party was in danger from the aborigines but Sturt always 後継するd in propitiating them, and on 9 February the lake at the mouth of the Murray was entered. Three days later the 出口 to the sea was discovered and Sturt, now running short of 蓄える／店s, began the return 旅行. In the 直面する of 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulties the exhausted explorers reached the 倉庫・駅 they had left 77 days before on 23 March. Two men went 今後 to 得る 蓄える／店s and, after 残り／休憩（する）ing for a fortnight to 回復する their strength, Sturt and his companions reached Sydney on 25 May 1830. Two 広大な／多数の／重要な 水路s had been traced and large tracts of good land discovered, one of the most 著名な pieces of 探検 ever made. But Sturt was not 無傷の for both his health and eyesight had 苦しむd. He was able to do 価値のある work at Norfolk Island in 1831 where 反乱（を起こす） was brewing の中で the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, but in 1832 he was 強いるd to go to England on sick leave and arrived there almost 完全に blind. 徐々に some 改良 took place, and in 1833 he published his Two 探検隊／遠征隊s into the 内部の of Southern Australia during the years 1828, 1829, 1830 and 1831, of which a second 版 appeared in 1834. For the first time the public in England realized how 広大な／多数の／重要な was Sturt's work, for 知事 Darling's somewhat tardy but appreciative 派遣（する） of 14 April 1831, and his request for Sturt's 昇進／宣伝, had had no result, and nothing （機の）カム of the request by Sir Richard Bourke (q.v.) who had 後継するd Darling that Viscount Goderich should give "this deserving officer your Lordship's 保護 and support". Though it seems to have been impossible to 説得する the 植民地の office of the value of Sturt's work his 調書をとる／予約する had one important 影響. It was read by Edward Gibbon Wakefield (q.v.), and led to the choice of South Australia for the new 解決／入植地 then in contemplation. In May 1834, in 見解（をとる） of his services, Sturt 適用するd for a 認める of land ーするつもりであるing to settle on it in Australia, and in July 指示／教授／教育s were given that he was to receive a 認める of 5000 acres, Sturt on his part agreeing to give up his 年金 権利s. In September he was married to Charlotte Green and almost すぐに sailed for Australia. He settled 近づく Sydney and 占領するd himself with general farming. He endeavoured to 蓄える／店 water, but in the 悲惨な 干ばつ between 1836 and 1839 lost ひどく. In 1838 he led a party 陸路の from New South むちの跡s to South Australia, に引き続いて the line of the Murray. He left Sydney in April 1838 and reached the Murray 近づく the road to Port Phillip on 18 May. He had a party of about a dozen men and 300 cattle and on 27 August 設立するd his cattle on good pasturage about 25 miles from Adelaide, after a 旅行 which he had 設立する more 疲労，（軍の）雑役ing than either of his previous 探検隊／遠征隊s. On 28 August he arrived at Adelaide where he was received with enthusiasm, and a public dinner was given in his honour. Sturt almost すぐに went to the mouth of the Murray and 報告（する）／憶測d on its 可能性s as a port. He returned to Adelaide, sold his cattle, and taking the first 利用できる ship to Sydney, arrived there on 30 October 1838. He 設立する that land and 在庫／株 was still very low in price and the question of income was serious. About this time 陸軍大佐 Light (q.v.) had 辞職するd his position as surveyor-general of South Australia and 知事 Gawler (q.v.) 申し込む／申し出d the 地位，任命する to Sturt who at first 辞退するd it, but Gawler 圧力（をかける）d it on him and on 1 February 1839 Sturt's 任命 was 発表するd. He sold his land at a very bad time, 含むing the 認める of 5000 acres, which unfortunately was in a position liable to flooding, and got very little for it. He arrived at Adelaide with his family on 2 April 1839. His 任命 was short-lived for, before it could be known at the 植民地の office, 中尉／大尉／警部補 Frome had been given the position in England. Frome arrived in September and took over his 義務s. Gawler, however, made Sturt assistant commissioner of lands at the same salary, ｣500 a year. It was fortunate that Frome and Sturt were able to work together, and they did very 価値のある work in 完全にするing neglected 調査するs and enabling the land to be settled. In the troubled times に引き続いて the 解雇／（訴訟の）却下 of 陸軍大佐 Gawler and the coming of the new 知事 Captain, afterwards Sir, George Grey, Sturt while loyal to Gawler, supported Grey, and his tact in 取引，協定ing with 暴徒s who 現実に 脅すd 政府 house, led to their 存在 pacified. As part of the general retrenchment, Sturt's salary was 減ずるd to ｣400 a year, and a 記念の he 今後d to England showing the 激しい losses he had been put to in taking up his position had no result. He 提案するd that he should make an 探検隊／遠征隊 into the 内部の and, after some 延期する, started on 15 August 1844, the drays and animals having に先行するd him by a few days. 含むd in his party were James Poole as assistant, John Harris Browne (q.v.) as 外科医, McDouall Stuart (q.v.), and 14 others, 11 horses, 30 bullocks, and 200 sheep. E. J. Eyre (q.v.), who had already done remarkable 調査するing work, …を伴ってd them for some distance up the Murray, but returned some time before the Darling was reached. After に引き続いて this stream to Willorara or Laidley's Ponds a course to the north-west was taken. On 22 October a beautiful pond about 80 yards long was 設立する which was made a new base for the party, and on 27 January 1845 a new 倉庫・駅 was formed at Rocky Glen. Unfortunately Poole, Browne and Sturt became attacked with scurvy, and Poole was so bad that in July Sturt 解決するd to send him 支援する to Adelaide. He died three days after starting and the party 組立て直すd. However, Sturt decided to send some of his assistants to Adelaide with his diaries under the storekeeper, L. Piesse. Sturt 棒 西方の with Browne to Lake Blanche, part of the Torrens 水盤／入り江, and 設立する the country to the north-west やめる impracticable. On returning to the 倉庫・駅 at Fort Grey Sturt decided to go north north-west, and starting on 14 August with Browne and three others, he reached his farthest point に向かって the centre of Australia, beyond Eyre Creek but short of the Tropic of Capricorn, on 3 September 1845. Retracing their steps to Strzelecki Creek another 跡をつける north by a little west was taken past Lake Lipson, across Hope Plains and the Stony 砂漠. Their farthest point was reached に向かって the end of October, and coming 支援する, Cooper's Creek was followed in an easterly direction. During a large part of this period the 温度計 範囲d between 95 and 125 in the shade. At one part of his 旅行 Sturt says the surface of the ground "was so rent and torn by heat, that the horses' hind feet were 絶えず slipping into chasms eight to ten feet 深い". On 11 November the 水銀柱，温度計 in their only remaining 温度計 卒業生（する）d to 127 degrees had risen to the 最高の，を越す and burst the bulb. On 17 November 1845 Sturt 崩壊（する）d with a bad attack of scurvy. The position of the party was now desperate and Browne agreed to ride to Flood's Creek, 118 miles away, to see if water were still 利用できる there. He returned in eight days and it was decided that the party should endeavour to reach the Darling. Sturt was carried in a cart and Browne took 命令（する）. They left on 6 December and with the help of some friendly natives reached the Darling 15 days later. There they were met by Piesse with letters and 供給（する）s. After a few days 残り／休憩（する） the 旅行 負かす／撃墜する the Darling began. On 10 January 1846 the Murray was reached and on 19 January Sturt arrived at Adelaide. He had not やめる reached the point he had 目的（とする）d at, and at a dinner of welcome that was given to him, spoke with some suggestion of a sense of 失敗. He had done, however, a remarkable piece of work having travelled かなり over 3000 miles, the most of it in new country. Two of the party had died, if it had not been for Sturt's 広大な／多数の／重要な 質s as a leader, and the 完全にする 忠義 of his assistants several more would have 死なせる／死ぬd. Before the end of the 旅行 Sturt partly 回復するd from the scurvy with the help of berries gathered by friendly aborigines, but both his general health and his eyesight continued to 原因（となる） 苦悩. He 再開するd his 義務s as registrar general and was also 任命するd 植民地の treasurer with an 増加する in salary of ｣100 a year. 早期に in 1847 he went to England on leave. He arrived in October and received the gold メダル of the 王室の Geographical Society. He 用意が出来ている for 出版（物）, his Narrative of an 探検隊／遠征隊 into Central Australia, which, however, was not published until 早期に in 1849. He was 苦しむing again with his eyesight, but some 救済 was 設立する. He returned to Adelaide with his family, arrived in August, and was すぐに 任命するd 植民地の 長官 with a seat in the 会議. There was no 欠如（する） of work in the 続いて起こるing years. Roads were 建設するd, and 航海 on the Murray was encouraged. But Sturt had 新たにするd trouble with his 注目する，もくろむs, and on 30 December 1851 辞職するd his position. He was given a 年金 of ｣600 a year and settled 負かす／撃墜する on 500 acres of land の近くに to Adelaide and the sea. But the gold 発見s had 増加するd the cost of living, and in March 1853 Sturt and his family sailed for England. He lived at Cheltenham and 充てるd himself to the education of his children. In 1856 he 適用するd for the position of 知事 of Victoria. He would have made a good 知事 but his age, uncertain health, and comparatively small income were against him. In 1859 the 植民／開拓者s at Moreton Bay requested that Sturt might be 任命するd the first 知事 of Queensland and again a younger man was chosen. By 1860 Sturt's three sons were all in the army, and the 残りの人，物 of his family went to live at Dinan to economize after the expenses of education and fitting out. Unfortunately the town was unhealthy and in 1863 a return was made to Cheltenham. In 1864 Sturt 苦しむd a 広大な／多数の／重要な grief in the death of one of his sons in India. In March 1869 he …に出席するd the 就任の dinner of the 植民地の Society, at which Lord Granville について言及するd that it was the 意向 of the 政府 to 延長する the order of St Michael and St George to the 植民地s. Sturt 許すd himself to be 説得するd by his friends to 適用する for this distinction, but afterwards regretted he had done so when he heard there were innumerable 使用／適用s. His health had been very variable and on 16 June 1869 he died suddenly. He was 生き残るd by his 未亡人, two sons, 陸軍大佐 Napier George Sturt, R.E. and Major-general Charles Sheppey Sturt, and a daughter. Mrs Sturt was 認めるd a civil 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） 年金 of ｣80 a year, and the same 肩書を与える as if her husband's 指名／任命 to the order of St Michael and St George had been gazetted. Reproductions of portraits by Crossland and Koberwein will be 設立する in Mrs N. G. Sturt's Life, which 示唆する the charm and refinement of Sturt's character.

令状ing in 1865 Baron 出身の Mueller (q.v.) called Sturt "the greatest Australian Explorer" and for this one of his 資格s was that he was a 広大な／多数の／重要な gentleman. Always kindly and considerate for everyone working with him, he had the perfect 信用／信任 of his 信奉者s. He 奮起させるd men like Eyre and McDouall Stuart and others by his 広大な／多数の／重要な example, and when he died there was not a man who had been associated with him unwilling to speak his 賞賛する. Yet he was 本人自身で always modest and retiring. A 完全に 勇敢に立ち向かう man who dared do all that might become a man, he could realize when その上の 進歩 was hopeless, and would not uselessly 危険 loss of life. His chivalry and high-mindedness were so 明らかな that even the aborigines could realize them. Though often 脅すd he always 後継するd in pacifying them. Apart from his 探検s he was a nature-lover, 利益／興味d in the sciences, and an artist of no mean ability, both of his 調書をとる／予約するs 含む reproductions of his sketches.

Mrs Napier George Sturt, Life of Charles Sturt; C. Sturt, Two 探検隊／遠征隊s into the 内部の of Southern Australia, Narrative of an 探検隊／遠征隊 into Central Australia; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. XIV to XVIII; K. R. Cramp, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. XV, pp. 49-92; Edward Salmon, ibid, vol. XXIII, pp. 307-10.

SUGDEN, EDWARD HOLDSWORTH (1854-1935), master of Queen's College, university of Melbourne,

was born at Ecclesfield, 近づく Sheffield, Yorkshire, on 19 June 1854, the eldest son of the Rev. James Sugden, 大臣 of the Wesleyan Methodist church, and his wife Sarah. He was educated at Woodhouse Grove school, and in 1870 passed the London matriculation examination, 伸び（る）ing first place on the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）, which する権利を与えるd him to the Gilchrist scholarship of fifty 続けざまに猛撃するs a year for three years at Owens College, Manchester. There he 熟考する／考慮するd, の中で other things, Greek testament textual 批評, Hebrew, and English poetry. He was always 感謝する to his school for having taught him to sing by 公式文書，認める, and at Manchester he 熟考する／考慮するd harmony and counterpoint under (Sir) John Frederick 橋（渡しをする）, afterwards known as "Westminster 橋（渡しをする）", then organist at Manchester cathedral. But most important of all Sugden at Owens College was 解放するd from sectarian prejudice, and realized that there were good men in other churches than the Methodist. He took his degree with honours in classics at London university in 1873, and a year later was 受託するd for the Methodist 省 and 任命するd assistant 教える at Headingly theological college, 物陰／風下d. While in this position he took the degree of B.Sc. He was seven years at Headingly college, was then 任命するd a junior 回路・連盟 大臣, and spent six successful years at this work. He continued his 利益／興味 in music and became a member of the 物陰／風下d festival chorus, and he also did some 実験の work in psychical 研究 and 特に in thought reading. In 1887 he was 任命するd the first master of Queen's College, Melbourne, and began his 義務s 早期に in 1888.

The 決定／判定勝ち（する） of the Methodist Church to 設立する Queen's College had been made in 1878, but nearly 10 years passed before 十分な 基金s were collected to 許す of the building 存在 begun. The 創立／基礎-石／投石する was laid on 19 June 1887, and on 14 March 1888 the college was 正式に opened. There were only 12 students in the first year; for many years there was a 激しい 負債 on the building and an 年次の loss on the working of the college. 価値のある gifts and bequests, however, （機の）カム in, and though four 新規加入s were made to the building during Sugden's 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 as master, he left it 解放する／自由な of 負債. His methods were based on his 評価 of the value of sympathy and understanding, and the keeping of formal 規則s in the background. The all-一連の会議、交渉／完成する 開発 of the students was encouraged by reading circles and the 業績／成果 of plays in the college, and musicians were welcomed in his home circle where Sugden himself would play the cello in a quartette. In 1890 the dining-hall and several students' rooms were 追加するd to the college building, and 20 years later the eastern fa軋de was 完全にするd. In 1919 the main tower, which houses the library, and a new 前線 wing 含むing the chapel, were built. In 1927 Sugden was 招待するd to 配達する the 年次の Fernley lecture in England, and 早期に in 1928 he was given leave of absence with the understanding that he would retire at the end of the year. His stay in England was made pleasant by the gift of a モーター-car from a Melbourne friend which met him when he landed. He returned in November, left Queen's just before Christmas, and spent his 退職 at Hawthorn, a 郊外 of Melbourne. At Queen's College it had been the custom of the students to 会合，会う outside the master's 住居 on the evening of his birthday, and serenade him. Though new 世代s of students （機の）カム who had not known Sugden, this custom was continued at his new home.

Sugden did not 限定する his work to the college. He took much 利益／興味 in Methodist 事件／事情／状勢s, frequently preached, in 1906 was elected 大統領，／社長 of the Victoria and Tasmania 会議／協議会, and in 1923 was 大統領，／社長-general of the Methodist Church of Australia. He was elected to the 会議 of the university in 1899, and was a 価値のある member of it until its re-憲法 in 1925. He was a member of the 委員会 of the university conservatorium of music and later its chairman, played the cello in amateur orchestras, and as choir master of the Palmerston-street church discovered the 井戸／弁護士席-known singer, Florence Austral, then Florence Fawaz. From 1904 to 1912 he was musical critic for the Argus and Australasian. He was 任命するd a trustee of the public library, museums, and 国家の gallery of Victoria in 1902, was elected 副／悪徳行為-大統領，／社長 in 1928, and 大統領，／社長 in 1933. He made no （人命などを）奪う，主張する to a knowledge of art, but took much 利益／興味 in the 調書をとる／予約するs 委員会 work. He did a かなりの 量 of 令状ing during his life. Before leaving England he had done voluntary work for 容積／容量 I of the Oxford dictionary. In 1893 appeared Comedies of T. Maccius Plautus, translated in the 初めの metres. This was followed by Miles Gloriosus, by T. Maccius Plautus, translated in the 初めの metres (1912), The Psalms of David, translated into English 詩（を作る） (1924), A Topographical Dictionary to the 作品 of Shakespeare and his fellow dramatists (1925), イスラエル's 負債 to Egypt, Fernley lecture (1928), John Wesley's London (1932). He wrote "Part I. The 私的な Life" in George Swinburne, A Biography (1931), 与える／捧げるd a 一時期／支部 on the "解決／入植地 of Tasmania and Victoria" in A Century in the 太平洋の, 1914, and one "In Australasia" for A New History of Methodism, 1909. He also 用意が出来ている Festal Songs for Sunday School 周年記念日s in five series, and in 1921 edited with 公式文書，認めるs Wesley's 基準 Sermons in two 容積／容量s. This 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） does not 含む a number of 熟考する／考慮するs and 演説（する）／住所s published as 小冊子s. In his later years Sugden became very lame. He preached his last sermon in 1933, but until a few weeks before the end, was able to …に出席する most 会合s of the trustees of the public library. When in 1934 the trustees were entertaining Masefield, the poet 補助装置d his host to his feet, and Sugden with characteristic wit 発言／述べるd, "井戸／弁護士席, that is not the first uplift I have received from John Masefield." He was 限定するd to his room when the Queen's College students serenaded him for the last time on his eighty-first birthday, and he died about a month later on 22 July 1935. He received the degree of Litt. D. from the university of Melbourne by 論題／論文 in 1918. He married (1) 行方不明になる Brooke who died in 1883 leaving him with three young children, and (2) in 1886 Ruth Harmah, daughter of John Thompson, whom he afterwards 述べるd as "my incomparable helpmate in every part of my work". She died in 1932. There is a 記念の window to Dr and Mrs Sugden in Queen's College chapel, and a portrait of Sugden by Charles Wheeler is in the 国家の gallery at Melbourne. He was 生き残るd by six daughters.

Sugden was tall and burly, with a countenance that 奮起させるd affection and 尊敬（する）・点. He was always 肉親，親類d and cheerful and ready to give play to a keen sense of humour. For a time he had to tread warily and use all his tact, as there was a 狭くする section of his church always ready to 非難する and forbid recreations which he himself considered 害のない. He showed 広大な／多数の／重要な courage in 令状ing to the 圧力（をかける） taking the 味方する of Marshall Hall (q.v.) who had 感情を害する／違反するd the churches with one of his 出版（物）s. But he wore 負かす／撃墜する all 対立 by sheer fineness, 誠実 of character and cheerful piety. He was an excellent preacher and teacher and his 影響（力） の中で his students was 広大な／多数の／重要な; all who had met him, in connexion with his own church, when he was a padre の中で the 兵士s, on the ゴルフ links, or as a member of a 委員会 had an がまんするing memory of his kindliness and 知恵.

Mary F. Sugden, Edward H. Sugden; The Argus, 23 July 1935; C. Irving Benson, A Century of Victorian Methodism; 私的な （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）; personal knowledge.

SULLIVAN, BARRY (1821-1891), actor,

christened Thomas Sullivan, son of Peter Sullivan and his wife, Mary Barry, was born on 5 July 1821, at Howard's Place, Birmingham. Both his parents were Irish. When he was about eight years old his father and mother died, and he was then put in the care of his paternal grandfather at Bristol. He was educated first at the school 大（公）使館員d to the カトリック教徒 church in Trenchard-street and then at the Stokes Croft Endowed school. At 14 he entered a lawyer's office, but, seeing Macready in Macbeth and other parts, was so impressed that he decided to become an actor. In 1837 he joined a strolling company and at Cork was given an 約束／交戦 at 15s. a week as a 正規の／正選手 member of a 在庫／株 company. By 1840 he was playing important parts, and having a good light tenor 発言する／表明する, occasionally sang in オペラ. But his ambition was to become a tragedian. In November of that year he 得るd an 約束／交戦 with Murray's 在庫／株 company at Edinburgh, at a salary of 30s. a week with the understanding that he was to play "second 激しい" parts. In a little while he was playing 主要な parts and in 1844 supporting Helen Faucit in The Merchant of Venice he took the part of Antonio, and was Petruchio to her Katharina in The Taming of the Shrew. He then went to Glasgow where he met and played with G. V. Brooke (q.v.), and during the next seven years had 約束／交戦s throughout the 州s in Scotland and England. His 評判 was growing, and on 7 February 1852 he made a most successful first 外見 at the Haymarket Theatre, London, as Hamlet. He was now 設立するd as a 主要な actor and during the next eight years played 主要な／長／主犯 parts in most of the plays of the period 含むing Claude Melnotte in The Lady of Lyons with Helen Faucit as Pauline, and Valence in Browning's Colombe's Birthday with 行方不明になる Faucit in the part of Colombe. に向かって the end of 1858 he went to America, and opened in New York on 22 November in Hamlet, followed by several others of Shakespeare's plays. Successful seasons were played at the 主要な cities in the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs and Sullivan returned to England 18 months later. In August 1860 at the St James' Theatre, London, he played on 補欠／交替の／交替する nights, Hamlet, Richelieu, Macbeth, and Richard III, three 業績／成果s 存在 given of each play. In 1862 he sailed for Australia and made his first 外見 at Melbourne on 9 August 1862.

There has probably never been at any other period so high a 基準 of 事実上の／代理 as was to be seen in Australia between 1860 and 1870. G.V. Brooke was usually at his best in Australia, Joseph Jefferson (q.v.) was at the 高さ of his 力／強力にするs and had not begun to 制限する the 範囲 of his characters, and Sullivan had the advantage he いつかs 欠如（する）d in later years in England, of always having excellent support from his companies. He was four years in Australia, most of the time at Melbourne, and his parts 含むd Hamlet, Othello, Iago, Richard III, Macbeth, Shylock, Lear, Falstaff, Falconbridge, Charles Surface, Claude Melnotte, and Richelieu. He became 設立するd as a public favourite, and with the other 広大な／多数の／重要な actors について言及するd 始める，決める a 基準 that was long an inspiration to later actors and 経営者／支配人s. He left Australia in 1866 and after a holiday trip arrived in London 早期に in September. In the に引き続いて 20 years he was 絶えず playing in London, the 州s and in the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs. When the 記念の theatre at Stratford-on-Avon was opened, Sullivan was selected to play Benedick and Helen Faucit 現れるd from her 退職 to play Beatrice. On the に引き続いて evening Sullivan appeared as Hamlet. On 4 June 1887 while at Liverpool he made his last 外見 on the 行う／開催する／段階, his part 存在 Richard III. His health had been uncertain for some time and in the に引き続いて year he had a 一打／打撃 of paralysis. He was so ill in August 1888 that the last 儀式s of his church were 治めるd, but he ぐずぐず残るd until 3 May 1891. He married on 4 July 1842 Mary Amory, daughter of a 中尉／大尉／警部補 in the army, who 生き残るd him with two sons and three daughters.

Sullivan was five feet nine インチs high and 井戸／弁護士席 formed. He developed 早期に, worked hard, and never lost his high ideals. For a long period he was one of the finest and most finished actors of his period, though at times inclined to err on the 強健な 味方する. He had had 巨大な experience, and was 法外なd in the traditions of the 行う／開催する／段階, but never hesitated to make an 革新 if he thought it was 令状d. His education was excellent. In latter years he developed some mannerisms, but he never lost his 人気. In 私的な life he lived somewhat austerely, and amassed a competence. But he could be generous in money 事柄s and was a good companion, who, though at times impatient and 熱烈な, was loved by his family and friends.

R. M. Stillard, Barry Sullivan and his 同時代のs, somewhat uncritical; W. J. Lawrence, Barry Sullivan, a biographical sketch; P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography; 私的な （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）.

SULMAN, SIR JOHN (1849-1934), architect,

son of John Sulman of Addiscombe, Croydon, England, was born at Greenwich, on 29 August 1849. He was educated at the Greenwich proprietary school and the 王室の 学校／設ける of British architects, of which he was Pugin travelling scholar in 1871. After travelling through England and western Europe Sulman began practising as an architect in London and designed の中で other buildings a large number of churches. In 1885 he went to Sydney, and as a partner in the 会社／堅い of Sulman and 力／強力にする was associated in the designing of many of the finest buildings in Sydney and other 資本／首都 cities. These 含むd the Thomas Walker convalescent hospital, Sydney, the A.M.P. buildings in Melbourne and Brisbane, the 相互の Life 協会 building, Sydney, afterwards known as New Zealand 議会s, the Sydney 在庫／株 交流 and several 郊外の churches. Between 1887 and 1912 Sulman was P. N. Russell lecturer in architecture at the university of Sydney. After 1908 he retired from active practice to some extent to develop his 利益／興味 in town-planning. In 1908 a 一連の his newspaper articles led to the 創造 of the city 改良 （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, and in 1909 another 一連の articles, afterwards reprinted as a 小冊子, dealt with the problem of the designing of the 連邦の 資本／首都. He was for some years chairman of the town planning （a）忠告の／（n）警報 board, and from 1916-27 Vernon lecturer in town planning at the university of Sydney. In 1921 he published his An Introduction to the 熟考する／考慮する of Town Planning in Australia. From 1921 to 1924 he was chairman of the 連邦の 資本／首都 （a）忠告の／（n）警報 board, and during these three years gave 事実上 all his time, without 支払う／賃金, working out a 進歩／革新的な 計画／陰謀 for the construction of the city. In 1927 he gave a （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 to Sir William Reid 刑事, R.A., for one of the exterior bas-救済 パネル盤s for the 国家の gallery building at Sydney. He retired as an architect in 1928 and after a vigorous old age died at Sydney on 18 August 1934. He was knighted in 1924. He was married twice (1) to Sarah Clark, daughter of T. J. Redgate, and (2) to Annie Elizabeth, daughter of G. R. Masefield, who 生き残るd him with sons and daughters of both marriages. One of the daughters, Florence Sulman, was author of A Popular Guide to Wild Flowers of New South むちの跡s, published in two 容積／容量s in 1914.

Sulman in his 青年 was a friend of William Morris and many of the artists of his time. He was 任命するd a trustee of the 国家の art gallery of New South むちの跡s in 1899 and, was its 大統領，／社長 from 1919, doing excellent work in that position. He was a good architect and his work in town-planning and in particular in connexion with the 連邦の 資本／首都 had 広大な／多数の／重要な value. He created a 基金 from which is 供給するd the John Sulman メダル, awarded by the 学校／設ける of Architects for the designing of a building of exceptional 長所. He also endowed a lectureship in 航空学 at the university of Sydney in memory of a son killed during the 1914-18 war while serving with the 飛行機で行くing 軍団. After his death his family 設立するd a prize of about ｣100 毎年 known as "the Sir John Sulman prize" for the best 支配する 絵 or mural decoration by artists 居住（者） in Australia.

The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 20 August 1934; The Times, 20 August 1934; Burke's Peerage etc., 1934; （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） from Director, 国家の Art Gallery of New South むちの跡s; Calendar of the University of Sydney, 1940.

SUMMERS, CHARLES (1827-1878), sculptor,

was born at Charlton 近づく Ilchester in Somerset, on 27 July 1827. His father was a mason whose shiftless habits 原因（となる）d his family to be frequently in difficulties, his mother was a woman of excellent character. Summers went to work at an 早期に age and while working as a mason began to show ability in carving fancy 石／投石する work. This led to his 存在 雇うd as an assistant in setting up a monumental 人物／姿／数字 at Weston-最高の-損なう which had been modelled by Henry Weekes, R.A. He saved money from his 給料 and at the age of 19 went to London and 得るd work at Weekes's studio. He subsequently worked under L. Watson, another sculptor of the period, and 熟考する／考慮するd at the 王室の 学院 schools. In 1851 he won the silver メダル for the best model from life and the gold メダル for the 始める，決める 支配する, "Mercy interceding for the Vanquished". Summers, always a hard 労働者, fell into ill health, and in 1852 sailed for Australia where one of his brothers had 以前 settled. He tried his fortunes at gold-digging but seeing an 宣伝 for modellers for the newly built 議会 house at Melbourne, 得るd a position and modelled the 人物／姿／数字s on the 天井 of the 会議 議会. The 展示（する）ing of some 破産した／（警察が）手入れするs at the intercolonial 展示 held in 1854 led to his getting （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限s, and he opened a studio in Collins-street, Melbourne.

In 1864 it was decided to 築く a 記念の to the explorers Burke (q.v.) and Wills (q.v.). Summers 得るd the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, and not only modelled the 人物／姿／数字s but built a furnace and himself cast them in bronze. The colossal 人物／姿／数字 of Burke was cast in one 操作／手術, an amazing feat when it is considered that there were no 技術d workmen for this type of work in Australia. On the 完成 of this group he sailed for England in May 1867, and after 得るing さまざまな （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限s went to Rome and opened a studio. There he did a large 量 of work and was able to 雇う many assistants. In 1876 (Sir) W. J. Clarke (q.v.) 雇うd him to do four large statues in marble of Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, and the Prince and Princess of むちの跡s for 贈呈 to the Melbourne art gallery. These were 完全にするd in 1878. Soon afterwards Summers while on his way to England was taken 本気で ill, and died at Paris on 30 November 1878.

Summers was a constant exhibitor at 王室の 学院 展示s; over 40 of his 作品 were shown between 1849 and 1876. He was a competent sculptor in a dull and uninspiring period of English art, and comparatively little of his work has 継続している 質s. His Burke and Wills group at Melbourne is a sound and dignified piece of work, his frieze of putti on the old Bank of New South むちの跡s building, now in the grounds of the university of Melbourne, is charming, and the recumbent 人物／姿／数字 of Lady Macleay at Godstone, Surrey, is also meritorious. 本人自身で Summers was modest, and his 乗り気 to see ability in the work of other artists was a good 影響（力） in the 夜明けing time of art in Victoria. Several examples of his work together with his portrait of Margaret Thomas (q.v.) are in the historical collection at the 国家の gallery, Melbourne. He is also 代表するd in the Adelaide gallery and at the Mitchell library, Sydney. Summers married when a young man, his son, Charles Francis Summers, who 生き残るd him also worked in sculpture.

Margaret Thomas, A Hero of the Workshop; W. Moore, The Story of Australian Art; Cyclopaedia of Victoria, 1903.

SUTHERLAND, ALEXANDER (1852-1902), miscellaneous writer and philosopher,

was born at Glasgow on 26 March 1852. Both parents were Scotch, his father, George Sutherland, a carver of ship's 人物／姿／数字-長，率いるs, married Jane Smith, a woman of character and education. The family （機の）カム to Australia in 1864 on account of the father's health, and Alexander at 14 years of age became a pupil-teacher with the education department at Sydney. Coming to Melbourne in 1870 he first taught at Hawthorn Grammar School and then entered on the arts course at the university. He 持続するd himself 大部分は by scholarships and 卒業生（する）d with honours in 1874. For two years he was a mathematical master at Scotch College, Melbourne, and in 1877 設立するd Carlton College. He was an excellent schoolmaster, and the school was so successful that 15 years later he felt himself able to retire and 充てる himself to literature. The banking 危機 of 1893, however, 影響する／感情d his position so much, that he was 強いるd to do a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of journalism for the Argus and Australasian. In 1897 he was a 候補者 for 議会, but his methods were too guileless and straightforward to 確実にする success. In 1898 he went to London as 代表者／国会議員 of the South Australian 登録（する）, but 設立する the 気候 抑圧するd him and returned to Australia に向かって the end of 1899. He continued his journalistic work in Melbourne, and in March 1901 was an 不成功の 候補者 for the southern Melbourne seat in the first 連邦の 議会. Soon afterwards he was 任命するd by the 会議 of the university of Melbourne to the position of registrar. The university was passing through a difficult time after a period of slack 行政, and Sutherland had to work very hard. On the death of Professor Morris while away on leave in Europe, Sutherland took over his lectures on English literature. The 重荷（を負わせる） of the extra work was too 広大な／多数の／重要な for Sutherland who did not have a strong 憲法, and he died suddenly on 9 August 1902. His 未亡人, a son and three daughters 生き残るd him.

Sutherland did a large 量 of literary work. He was 責任がある the first 容積／容量 only of Victoria and its Metropolis, published in 1888, an 利益／興味ing history of the first 50 years of the 明言する／公表する of Victoria. In 1890 he published Thirty Short Poems, the cultured 詩（を作る） of an experienced literary man, but his most important 調書をとる／予約する was The Origin and Growth of the Moral Instinct, which appeared in 1898 in two 容積／容量s. Sutherland had long brooded over this 調書をとる／予約する and was 大いに pleased at receiving the commendation of some of the leaders of philosophic thought in England. 一般に the 調書をとる／予約する was 井戸／弁護士席 received both in Europe and the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs. With his brother, George Sutherland, he wrote a short History of Australia, which 達成するd a sale of 120,000 copies, and he 共同製作するd with Henry Gyles Turner (q.v.) in a useful 容積／容量, The 開発 of Australian Literature (1898); Sutherland's biography of Kendall in this 容積／容量, however, is 誤って導くing as it 含む／封じ込めるs several errors. His undoubted 力／強力にするs as a teacher gave value to his text 調書をとる／予約する, A New 地理学, and other 作品 of that 肉親，親類d. He 与える／捧げるd on 科学の 支配するs to the Nineteenth Century, and did a large 量 of lecturing on literature and science in Melbourne. As a man he was modest and sincere, 利益／興味d in all the arts and the discussions that arise out of them. Of his brothers, William [Sutherland] is noticed 分かれて, George (1855-1905), was a 井戸／弁護士席-known 新聞記者／雑誌記者 and author of miscellaneous 作品 mostly historical or technical. He died at Adelaide in December 1905. His daughter, Margaret Sutherland, became 井戸／弁護士席 known as a musician and 作曲家. Another brother, John Sutherland, wrote a thoughtful 調書をとる／予約する, The 社債s of Society, published in 1914.

H. Gyles Turner, Alexander Sutherland, M.A. His Life and Work; P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography; 私的な （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）.

SUTHERLAND, WILLIAM (1859-1911), scientist,

was born at Dumbarton, Scotland, on 4 August 1859, son of George Sutherland, a carver of 人物／姿／数字-長，率いるs for ships, and brother of Alexander Sutherland (q.v.). The family arrived at Sydney in 1864 and 除去するd to Melbourne six years later. Sutherland, after a few years at the model school, won a 政府 scholarship and went to Wesley College. The headmaster was M. H. Irving (q.v.) who had been the second professor of classics at the university of Melbourne, but the 影響（力） of the second master, H. M. Andrew, afterwards professor of natural philosophy at the same university, was of more importance to Sutherland. From Wesley he passed on to the university in February 1876, and three years later 卒業生（する）d with first-class final honours and the scholarship in 自然科学, and third-class honours in 工学. He was then 指名するd by the Melbourne university 会議 for the Gilchrist scholarship in England, which was awarded to him and he left for England in July 1879. Entering as a science student at University College, London, he （機の）カム under the 影響（力） of Professor Carey Foster, and in the final examination for the B.Sc. degree took first place and first-class honours in 実験の physics and the clothworkers scholarship of ｣50 for two years. Almost at once Sutherland started for Australia and arrived in Melbourne in February 1882.

Sutherland's home life meant much to him for it was a home of affection and culture, every member of it excelled in either literature, music or art. In July 1882 he was 申し込む／申し出d the position of superintendent of the school of 地雷s, Ballarat, but it was too far from his home and the public library, and the 申し込む／申し出 was 拒絶する／低下するd. For many years he earned just enough to 支払う／賃金 his way by 事実上の／代理 as an examiner and 与える／捧げるing articles to the 圧力（をかける）; the 残り／休憩（する） of his time was given to 科学の 研究. In 1884 he 適用するd without success for the 議長，司会を務める of chemistry at Adelaide, and in 1888 when Professor Andrew died he was 任命するd lecturer in physics at the university of Melbourne until the 議長，司会を務める should be filled. He 適用するd for this position through the Victorian スパイ／執行官-general in London, but there appears to be some 疑問 whether his 使用／適用 ever reached the 権利 ４半期/4分の1s. Professor Lyle was 任命するd and in 1897, when he was away on leave, Sutherland was again made lecturer in physics. He had begun 与える／捧げるing to the Philosophical Magazine in 1885, and on an 普通の／平均（する） about two articles a year 前線 his pen appeared in it for the next 25 years. For the last 10 years of his life he was a 正規の／正選手 contributor and leader writer on the Melbourne Age, though he 拒絶する／低下するd all 申し込む／申し出 of an 任命 on the staff of the paper. His life work was 科学の 研究 and nothing could be 許すd to 干渉する with it. He died 静かに in his sleep on 5 October 1911.

Sutherland was a 井戸／弁護士席-built man of わずかに under medium 高さ, very 静かな in manner. The 現在の writer who met him only once has an がまんするing memory of his modesty and charm. He would have been a good musician had he been able to give time to it, and again he might have been a painter. He had a wide mind which could take an 利益／興味 in all the arts, but his real happiness was in his work. Money and fame meant nothing to him, but the solving of some intricate problem in science, some 増加する in the knowledge of the world was everything. His 科学の work was never collected in 調書をとる／予約する form and is known to few besides his fellow 労働者s. A 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of 69 of his 出資／貢献s to 科学の magazines is given at the end of his biography. One of the earlier papers to bring Sutherland into notice was on the viscosity of gases which appeared in the Philosophical Magazine in December 1893. Other important papers dealt with the 憲法 of water, the viscosity of water, molecular attractions and ionization, ionic velocities and 原子の sizes. The ordinary reader may 言及する to a discussion of his 科学の work in 一時期／支部 VI of his biography, but the 十分な value of it could only be 計算するd by a physicist willing to collate his papers with the 明言する／公表する of knowledge at the time each was written. It was 井戸／弁護士席 known and valued in England, Germany and America, and at the time of Sutherland's death he was spoken of as having been "the greatest 当局 living in molecular physics" (Professor T. R. Lyle, F.R.S.). He had 非，不，無 of the vanity that 需要・要求するs results. やめる selfless, he was content to 追加する something to the sum of human knowledge and to hope that another man would carry the work その上の. He never married.

W. A. Osborne, William Sutherland a Biography; The Age, Melbourne, 6 October 1911; The 公式発表, 25 November 1920; personal knowledge.

SUTTOR, SIR FRANCIS BATHURST (1839-1915), 政治家，政治屋,

son of William Henry Suttor and his wife, Charlotte Augusta Anne Francis, and grandson of George Suitor (q.v.), was born at Bathurst, New South むちの跡s, on 30 April 1839. He was educated at The King's School, Parramatta, and after 得るing five years experience on his father's 駅／配置する, took up land in the Bathurst and Wellington 地区s. He made a 熟考する／考慮する of sheep-産む／飼育するing and his flocks became known throughout the 植民地. He also bred a superior type of horse for coaches which were extensively used in Australia at that period. In 1875 he was elected to the 法律を制定する 議会 of New South むちの跡s for his native city, and, except for a few short intervals, held the seat until 1900. He was 大臣 for 司法（官） and public 指示／教授／教育 in the second Parkes (q.v.) 省 from 22 March to 16 August 1877, and held the same position in the third Parkes 省 from December 1878 to April 1880; he was 大臣 of 司法（官） from May to August 1880, then became postmaster-general until November 1881, when he became 大臣 of public 指示／教授／教育 until January 1883. From February 1886 to January 1887 he was postmaster-general in the Jennings (q.v.) 省. He was 大臣 of public 指示／教授／教育 in the second Dibbs (q.v.) 省 from January to March 1889, and held the same 地位，任命する in Dibbs's third 省 from October 1891 to August 1894. In this year he 代表するd New South むちの跡s at the Ottawa 植民地の 会議／協議会. He retired from the 法律を制定する 議会 in 1900, and was 指名するd to the 法律を制定する 会議 where he 代表するd the Lyne (q.v.) and See (q.v.) 省s and was 副／悪徳行為-大統領，／社長 of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 from June 1900 to May 1903. On 2 June 1903 he was 任命するd 大統領，／社長 of the 法律を制定する 会議, and held this position until his death. On 29 April 1914 the members of the 法律を制定する 会議 gave a 祝宴 in honour of Suttor's seventy-fifth birthday. In replying to the toast of his health Suttor について言及するd that his father, uncle, brother and himself had given between them over 80 years of service in 議会. He also said that there were then 138 living 子孫s of his father and mother.

Suttor's activities were not 限定するd to politics. He was a trustee of the 国家の art gallery and of the Australian museum, and was a member of the 上院 of the university. He was always 熱心に 利益／興味d in the 最初の／主要な 生産者, was 大統領，／社長 of the Sheep-子孫を作る人s' 協会, and 大統領，／社長 of the 王室の 農業の Society of New South むちの跡s. He was an excellent chairman and 大統領，／社長 of the 会議, invariably courteous and dignified. Except for an 時折の holiday he had scarcely an idle day in his life, and when he died on 4 April 1915 few men were better known in his 明言する／公表する, and かもしれない no one was more esteemed. He married in 1863 Emily, daughter of T. J. Hawkins, who predeceased him. He was 生き残るd by three sons and five daughters. He was knighted in 1903.

Burke's 植民地の Gentry; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 5 April 1915; Birthday 祝宴 tendered by the Members of the 法律を制定する 会議, 公式の／役人 Souvenir.

SUTTOR, GEORGE (1774-1859), 開拓する,

was born at Chelsea, England, in 1774, the son of a gardener and botanist on the 広い地所 of Lord Cadogan. Coming under the notice of Sir Joseph Banks (q.v.) he was sent to Australia with a collection of trees and 工場／植物s 含むing grape-vines, apples, pears, and hops. These were put on board H.M.S. Porpoise in October 1798, but 延期するs took place and it was not until September 1799 that a proper start was made. A 強風, however, （機の）カム on, the Porpoise was 設立する to be unseaworthy, and a return was made to Spithead. In March 1800 another start was made on a 大型船 taken from the Spaniards and re-指名するd the Porpoise, which arrived at Sydney on 6 November 1800. In spite of these 延期するs Suttor managed to land some of his trees and vines still alive. It was agreed that he was to be given a 認める of land, and he settled at Chelsea Farm, Baulkham Hills. In a few years time he was sending oranges and lemons to Sydney, 得るing good prices for them, and had become a successful 植民／開拓者. At the time of the Bligh (q.v.) 反乱 in 1808 he took up the 原因（となる） of the 退位させる／宣誓証言するd 知事 with 広大な／多数の／重要な courage. When 陸軍大佐 Paterson (q.v.) arrived Suttor's was the first 署名 to an 演説（する）／住所 現在のd to him 約束ing to give him "every （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） and support in our 力／強力にする in order that 十分な satisfaction and 司法（官） may be given to the 知事 (whom we 高度に 深い尊敬の念を抱く) . . . we cannot but feel the most confidant 依存 that you will take 誘発する and effectual means to 安全な・保証する the 主要な／長／主犯s in this most 正統化できない 処理／取引". Suttor was, however, 逮捕（する）d and 宣告，判決d to be 拘留するd for six months. The stand taken by him was much to his honour; a 十分な account of it will be 設立する in the Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, vol. VII, pp. 131-7. He always spoke of Bligh as a "会社／堅い and 肉親，親類d-hearted English gentleman, no tyrant and no coward" (W. H. Suttor, Australian Stories Retold, p. 6). In 1810 he was 召喚するd to England as a 証言，証人／目撃する on に代わって of Bligh, and arrived in Australia again in May 1812. In 1814 he was given the position of superintendent of the lunatic 亡命 at 城 Hill and he was still in this position in 1817, but he took up land again and in 1822 除去するd to beyond the Blue Mountains. Nine years later Suttor was living on the Baulkham Hills 所有物／資産／財産, and he also built a house at Sydney. He visited England in 1839 and was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society. In 1843 he published a 容積／容量 on The Culture of the Grape-Vine and the Orange in Australia and New Zealand, and in his old age he remembered his first patron, and wrote the Memoirs Historical and 科学の of Sir Joseph Banks, which appeared in 1855. Suttor died at Bathurst on 5 May 1859, He married in 1798 a 行方不明になる Dobinson and 設立するd a distinguished Australian family. Mrs Suttor died in 1844, but five sons and three daughters 生き残るd their father. Of the sons, William Henry (1805-1877) was a member of the New South むちの跡s 法律を制定する 会議 from 1843 to 1854, and a member of the 法律を制定する 議会 from 1856 to 1872. He died at Bathurst on 20 October 1877. His eldest son, William Henry Suttor (1834-1905), entered the 法律を制定する 議会 in January 1875 and became 大臣 for 地雷s in the Farnell (q.v.) 省 in December 1877. He was 指名するd to the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1880 and in 1889 became 副／悪徳行為-大統領，／社長 of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 and 代表者／国会議員 of the Parkes (q.v.) 省 in the 法律を制定する 会議. He was one of the 代表者／国会議員s of New South むちの跡s at the March 1891 連合 条約. He died in 1905. He published in 1887 Australian Stories Retold. His brother, Sir Francis Bathurst Suttor, is noticed 分かれて. Another son of George Suttor was John Bligh Suttor (1809-1886), who for some years 代表するd East Macquarie in the 法律を制定する 議会, and at the time of his death was a member of the 法律を制定する 会議.

S. M. Johnstone, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s, Parramatta and 地区 Historical Society, vol. I, p. 71; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I. vols. II, VI, VII, IX; W. H. Suttor, Australian Stories Retold; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 28 May 1886.

SWINBURNE, GEORGE (1861-1928), 政治家，政治屋 and public man,

was born at 楽園, 近づく Newcastle-on-Tyne, on 3 February 1861. His father, 示す William Swinburne, who married Jane Coates in 1860, was then a draughtsman in the Armstrong 作品 at Elswick, working for a salary of 27s. a week. Later he 改善するd his position, and in 1892 設立するd his own 商売／仕事 as a 厚かましさ／高級将校連-創立者, engineer and coppersmith. His son was educated at the 王室の Grammar School, Newcastle, and in 1874 became 見習い工d to a 化学製品 merchant. His 見習いの身分制度 完全にするd he became a clerk in the same 商売／仕事, 熟考する／考慮するd 工学 in the evening, shorthand and German before beginning work in the morning, and he also joined a 審議ing society. On Sundays he taught a class in a Methodist Sunday school. In 1882 he went to London to a position in the gas and mechanical 工学 商売／仕事 of his uncle, John Coates. Three years later he was taken into 共同 and was able to put ｣300 of his own 貯金 into the 商売／仕事. His 長，指導者 recreation was music and in June 1885 he was one of the choristers at the Handel festival held in the 水晶 Palace. In politics he was an ardent Gladstonian, and in 1886 became 選挙 スパイ／執行官 for the 自由主義の 候補者 for South Saint Pancras who was elected after a strenuous （選挙などの）運動をする. Swinburne 設立する electioneering a 広大な／多数の／重要な 緊張する, "a game not 価値（がある） playing--ended in weariness, sleepless nights and restless days". In December 1885 his uncle had gone to Melbourne and 設立する the prospects so good that Swinburne followed him and arrived in November 1886. His 商売／仕事 was to 安全な・保証する 契約s for 築くing gas 工場／植物s for the 会社／堅い of John Coates and Company. In 1887 the Melbourne Hydraulic 力／強力にする Company was formed, and in 1888 a 類似の company was 設立するd in Sydney. Swinburne was engineer and 経営者／支配人 to the Melbourne company until 1897. He visited England in 1891 and fortunately withdrew most of his 資本／首都 from Melbourne to help his father and brother in starting a 商売／仕事. He thus 事実上 escaped the 影響s of the breaking of the land にわか景気 and the bank 危機 of 1893. In 1897 he visited the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs and Europe, 熟考する／考慮するd the 開発 of electricity in 競争 with gas, and decided that each would have its own place.

Swinburne was elected a member of the Hawthorn 地方自治体の 会議 in 1898, four years later became member for Hawthorn in the 法律を制定する 議会, and sat as a 支持者 of W. H. Irvine. There had been a 厳しい 干ばつ in Australia and the 政策 speech foreshadowed "important 作品 for the 自然保護 and 配当 of water in the arid areas". It seemed almost providential that an engineer of the capacity of Swinburne should have come into the house at this juncture. The earlier 実験s 始めるd by Deakin (q.v.) had not really been successful, and it was （疑いを）晴らす that their organization and 原則s would need careful 改正. Swinburne had made a 熟考する／考慮する of Victorian irrigation and realizing the 広大な／多数の／重要な cost of 蓄える／店ing the winter rains for summer use, held 堅固に that the water 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s should take the form of a 率 payable, not only by those who used the water, but by all whose land was in a position to 利益 by irrigation. In November 1903 Irvine's health was so 本気で 影響する／感情d by over-work that he was compelled to 辞職する the 首相の職, and Bent (q.v.) who 後継するd him gave Swinburne the 大臣の地位 of 大臣 of water-供給（する）. Swinburne was in England at the time but he collected all the 利用できる literature on the 支配する and 熟考する／考慮するd it on the voyage out. He then visited the irrigation 解決／入植地 with 主要な officers of his department. The whole problem was 十分な of 複雑化s, but Swinburne was able to have the 草案ing of the water 法案 begun in June 1904. It 伴う／関わるd the 任命 of the 明言する／公表する rivers and water 供給（する） （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 to 請け負う the 支配（する）／統制する and 管理／経営 of all 明言する／公表する water. The 法案 passed through the 議会 but lapsed in the 会議. In the 合間 it met with much 対立 and Swinburne had to travel through the country and 変える the malcontents. In 1905 it passed the 議会 again and Swinburne was asked to …に出席する the 会議 and explain the 準備／条項s of his 法案. With some 改正s the 法案 was passed by the 会議. This 行為／法令／行動する was Swinburne's greatest 業績／成就, regarded with 賞賛 wherever irrigation is practised. Swinburne had become 大臣 of 農業 in November 1904 and was also of 広大な／多数の／重要な 援助 to Bent as treasurer. As 大臣 for 農業 he realized as no one had done before that the most important 機能（する）／行事 of the department was to educate the people. It has been carried on ever since with this in 見解（をとる）, and is an 優れた example of the wise working of a 明言する／公表する department. Much of the credit for this is 予定 to Swinburne, who 活力を回復させるd a department that had not 以前 been 十分に encouraged by the 政府. He was おもに 責任がある the 創立／基礎 of 議長，司会を務めるs in 農業の science and veterinary science at the university of Melbourne, but the latter 議長，司会を務める has since been abandoned. Swinburne also had the 扱うing of the Murray Waters 協定, and his obvious 誠実 and knowledge were 広大な／多数の／重要な factors in bringing about 協定. In 1907 Bent visited England and Swinburne was leader of the 議会 during his absence. After Bent's return the 省's position 弱めるd, and Swinburne and four other 大臣s 辞職するd on 31 October 1908. During the 交渉s for the 再建 of the 省 前進するs were made to Swinburne to take over the leadership of the party, and Bent 申し込む／申し出d to retire in his favour, but Swinburne, tired and overworked, could see no way of reconciling the 相反する 利益／興味s in the party and 拒絶する／低下するd the 申し込む／申し出. He had felt the 緊張する of a 動議 of 非難 on him moved in September. Behind this 動議 were 厳しい attacks made on his probity by the Age newspaper. The 動議 in the house was 敗北・負かすd by a large 大多数, Swinburne brought an 活動／戦闘 against the Age, and in 1909 得るd a 判決 for ｣3250 損害賠償金 and costs. The Age took the 事例／患者 to two higher 法廷，裁判所s but was 敗北・負かすd in each 事例／患者. Syme (q.v.) its proprietor had 事実上 been a 独裁者 in politics for many years. His mistake on this occasion was to attack a man who was not only perfectly honest, but had the courage to go into the 証言，証人／目撃する box and the ability to withstand the cross-examination of two of the ablest barristers of the time. Swinburne in fighting this 活動／戦闘 did a 広大な／多数の／重要な service to the 明言する／公表する.

On 31 July 1913 Swinburne retired from 議会 to become a member of the の間の-明言する／公表する （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 任命するd by the 連邦の 政府. A host of 事柄s was referred to the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, and Swinburne thought it 権利 to 辞職する from all his directorates and 事実上 abandon the 商売／仕事 career in which he had been so successful. Much work was done by the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 and it is 予定 to a suggestion made by this 団体／死体 that the 会議 of 科学の and 産業の 研究 was 結局 設立するd. But a judgment of the high 法廷，裁判所 had so 減ずるd the 力／強力にする of the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 that in July 1917 Swinburne decided to 辞職する. He was doing much war work and was chairman of the board of 商売／仕事 行政 of the defence department, and later was civil and 財政／金融 member of the 軍の board. In 1919 when the electricity （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 was 学校／設けるd Swinburne was 任命するd one of the four commissioners, with Sir John Monash (q.v.) as chairman. He 辞職するd this position in 1925, when most of the 初期の difficulties of using brown coal for 力／強力にする 世代 had been surmounted.

Swinburne was always a hard 労働者 but he was never too busy to find time for 付加 things of importance. He was a 運動ing 軍隊 in the 設立 of the Eastern 郊外s technical college at Hawthorn, and one way and another 与える／捧げるd over ｣15,000 to it. Its 指名する was afterwards changed to the Swinburne Technical College. He became a member of the 会議 of public 指示／教授／教育 after he left 明言する／公表する politics, and 特に encouraged decentralization and technical education. He was for some years on the 会議 of the university of Melbourne and was also one of the trustees of the public library, museums and 国家の gallery of Victoria. In April 1928 he became 大統領，／社長 of the trustees and much was hoped from him in this position. He had been a 候補者 for the 連邦／共和国 上院 in 1922 but the 労働 候補者s in 1922 were elected, and in 1928 he was elected to the Victorian 法律を制定する 会議. On 4 September 1928 he was in his place in the 会議 議会 when he suddenly 崩壊（する）d and died. He married Ethel Hamer on 17 February 1890 who 生き残るd him with four daughters. His 破産した／（警察が）手入れする by Paul Montford (q.v.) is at the 国家の gallery, Melbourne. His second daughter, Gwendolen Hamer Swinburne, published in 1919 A Source 調書をとる／予約する of Australian History, and in 1923, Womanhood in the Life of the Nations.

Swinburne was over six feet in 高さ, thin, わずかに angular, friendly in manner, tactful, 警報, enthusiastic, and 完全に honest. He loved music, poetry and 絵, was 心から 宗教的な, though he never 圧力（をかける）d his 見解（をとる）s on other men, and his many charities were never talked about. His （疑いを）晴らす-thinking and 整然とした brain, 広大な／多数の／重要な しっかり掴む of 詳細（に述べる） and an 巨大な capacity for work, made him a first-率 商売／仕事 man. He could have had any honour he 願望（する）d but was content with the feeling that he had done his best for his country. He was only a few years in 議会, but the 影響（力） of his work was long felt, and every organization he was connected with 借りがあるd much to him.

E. H. Sugden and F. W. Eggleston, George Swinburne a Biography; The Argus, Melbourne, 5 September 1928; personal knowledge.

SYME, DAVID (1827-1908), newspaper proprietor, "the father of 保護 in Australia",

was born on 2 October 1827 at North Berwick, Scotland, the youngest of the seven children of George Syme, a parish schoolmaster, and his wife, ジーンズ Mitchell. His father's income was small but he managed to 供給する for his large family and send three of his sons to universities. His son, David, he educated himself, and the boy's childhood was one of unrelieved 熟考する／考慮する with little companionship with other boys of his own age. David was 16 years old when his father died and he continued his 熟考する／考慮するs in Latin, Greek and Hebrew with some 疑問 as to what his 未来 was to be. He had thoughts of qualifying for the 省 but 反乱d from the Calvinistic teaching of the day, and after …に出席するing some classes at Heidelberg he returned to Scotland and 得るd a position about 1850 as a reader on a Glasgow newspaper. His 支払う／賃金 was small and there was little prospect of 進歩, so に向かって the end of 1851 he sailed for San Francisco by way of Cape Horn and arrived after a voyage of five months. He すぐに went to the goldfields but had little success, and 早期に in 1852 took ship for Australia in a 不正に 設立する and 不正に 準備／条項d 大型船, and arrived at Sydney in a half-餓死するd 条件. Syme took the first steamer for Melbourne and tramped to Castlemaine. There he had small success and Bendigo, Wangaratta and other diggings were tried. Once, at 開始する Egerton, he and his partner nearly 得るd a fortune, but their （人命などを）奪う，主張する, which afterwards became very 価値のある, was jumped by other men and they were unable to 得る 是正する. に向かって the end of 1855 Syme returned to Melbourne and joined his brother, Ebenezer [Syme] (q.v.), who was editing the Age newspaper. The paper was then 脅すd with 失敗, and Syme who had saved some money while on the diggings joined his brother in buying it for the sum of ｣2000. The paper struggled on for 18 months, when finding it could not support the two proprietors David 得るd other 雇用. He became a 請負業者 and in spite of strong 競争 was successful. In March 1860 his brother Ebenezer died, and finding it was difficult to sell the Age Syme decided to abandon his 契約ing and carry on the paper.

The 仕事 undertaken was one of 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty, and only the fact that the proprietor was willing to work 15 hours a day made success possible. The 初めの 政策 of the Age 含むd manhood 選挙権／賛成, the 開始 of the lands for 選択 by the people, no 補償（金） for the 無断占拠者s, and compulsory, 解放する／自由な and 世俗的な education. When 保護 was 追加するd to the programme 広大な／多数の／重要な 対立 was raised. It was felt やめる honestly by the 保守的な and moneyed classes that if these things （機の）カム about the 植民地 would be in 広大な／多数の／重要な danger. The 対立 to the Age was carried even to the extent of ボイコット（する）ing its 宣伝 columns. But 広大な／多数の／重要な as his difficulties were Syme was undismayed. さまざまな abortive 修正するing land 行為／法令／行動するs became 法律 between 1860 and 1869, but in the latter year an 行為／法令／行動する was passed which 具体的に表現するd most of the 原則s for which Syme had fought. It was now possible for the land to be 適切に cultivated and a 広大な／多数の／重要な 原則 had been 設立するd. A tremendous flow of 全住民 （機の）カム into Victoria between 1850 and 1860 and に向かって the end of the １０年間 there was some 失業. Syme felt that 製造業の 産業s should be 設立するd and that this could only be done by bringing in 保護. He won over to his 味方する able men like Sir James McCulloch (q.v.) and Sir Graham Berry (q.v.), 保護 became the settled 政策 of the 植民地, and many manufacturies were 設立するd. But the account in Pratt's David Syme of the 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s in the 植民地 and the 利益s brought in by 保護 need not be 完全に 受託するd. It should be remembered that the 隣人ing 植民地 of New South むちの跡s 保持するd a 政策 which was 事実上 自由貿易 for most of the period before 連合, and appears to have been as 刻々と 繁栄する as Victoria. But whether or not the importance of 保護 has been over-明言する／公表するd, Syme undoubtedly was 責任がある its introduction. It was 激しく fought and led to 広大な／多数の／重要な 憲法の difficulties with the 法律を制定する 会議. The struggle went on for years, but Syme's 論争 that the people as a whole should 支配する and not any section of them was finally 設立するd, and for a long period the Age became the predominant factor in Victorian politics. In its 早期に days there was difficulty in getting competent 新聞記者／雑誌記者s, the best of them was G. Paton Smith who was editor for some years. After he left Syme took the 編集（者）の 議長，司会を務める until A. L. Windsor (q.v.) became editor about 1870 and held the position until 1900. かもしれない his ablest assistant was Charles Henry Pearson (q.v.) who began 令状ing leaders about the year 1875.

The first 保護貿易論者 関税 had been a very 穏健な one and McCulloch was not willing to go その上の. Though Syme thought 高度に of McCulloch's ability he …に反対するd him and transferred his support to Graham Berry. 議会 became tired of the 騒動 and more than once 省s were formed consisting partly of freetraders and partly of 保護貿易論者s. This did not 満足させる Syme and in 1877 his advocacy brought in Berry with a large 大多数. The 会議, however, 拒絶するd his 関税 and fresh 憲法の difficulties arose. The 知事, Sir George Bowen (q.v.), was placed in a difficult position, and took the 前例のない step of asking Syme's advice. His reply was that the 知事 should 行為／法令／行動する in 順応／服従 with the opinions of the 法律 officers of the 栄冠を与える. This he did but Syme thought the advice was bad and told the 首相 so. Berry then asked Syme for his advice and took it. It is evident that Syme at this time was 事実上 the 支配者 of the 植民地. 憲法の difficulties continued for some time, but at last the 法律を制定する 会議 was 改革（する）d by 大部分は 増加するing the number of 適格の 投票者s and making other changes in its 憲法 to bring it more in touch with the public.

Syme had supported Berry in the fight for 保護 and during the 憲法の struggle, but was not 満足させるd with him as an 行政官／管理者, and though …に反対するd to James Service (q.v.) he 認めるd that Service had the very 質s Berry 欠如（する）d. He therefore supported the 連合 省 formed in 1883 which did good work for three years. There was a feeling of general 信用／信任, a 傾向 to over-borrow and to spend 抱擁する sums on 鉄道s and other public 作品. This led to the 採掘 and land にわか景気s which really burst in 1889, though the 十分な 影響s were not realized until the bank 危機 of 1893. In 1891 the Age began a 一連の articles 主張するing bad 管理／経営 and 無資格／無能力 on the part of the 鉄道 commissioners, which led at last to an 活動／戦闘 for 名誉き損 存在 brought against the Age by the 長，指導者 commissioner, Richard Speight. Other articles attacked the civil service 一般に. At the first 裁判，公判 of the 鉄道 名誉き損 事例／患者 begun on 1 June 1893 the 陪審／陪審員団 同意しないd, and the second 裁判，公判 which began on 17 April 1894 and lasted for 105 days resulted in a 判決 for the 被告 on nine out of the ten counts, and on the tenth count the 損害賠償金 were 査定する／（税金などを）課すd at one farthing. Speight, however, was 廃虚d and Syme had to 支払う／賃金 his own costs which 量d to about ｣50,000. As a sidelight on the 力／強力にする 演習d by Syme at this period, it may be について言及するd that the 主要な counsel for the 原告／提訴人 when 演説（する）／住所ing the 陪審／陪審員団 明言する／公表するd that "no 政府 could stand against the Age without 存在 shaken to its centre".

Syme had 早期に realized that 農業 would need 開発 in Victoria and twice sent J. L. Dew to America to 熟考する／考慮する irrigation and 農業の methods. He also sent Alfred Deakin (q.v.) to India to 報告（する）／憶測 on irrigation in that country. As a result the 開発 of irrigation began which after some 早期に 失敗s was to be 首尾よく 延長するd in later years. He also supported the in Victoria. At the 選挙 for the 条約 to でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる the 憲法 Syme selected 10 men from the 24 候補者s for his support, and they were duly elected. During the first 連邦の 議会 he fought for comparatively high 保護の 義務s, but his 影響（力） did not 延長する to any 広大な／多数の／重要な extent beyond Victoria and he was for the time 不成功の. In later years, however, かなりの 増加するs in 義務s were made. In the last years of his life Syme was 演習d about the faults of party 政府. Some of these he had drawn attention to in 一時期／支部 VII of his 代表者／国会議員 政府 in England. His 示唆するd 治療（薬）s have failed, however, to 得る much support. He died at Kew 近づく Melbourne on 14 February 1908. He married in 1859 Annabella Johnson who 生き残るd him with five sons and two daughters.

During his 50 Years of 所有権 of the Age Syme did comparatively little 令状ing for it himself, though he read nearly everything that appeared. His （疑いを）晴らす concise style is 明らかな in his 輪郭（を描く）s of an 産業の Science, published in London in 1876. 大部分は written as a vindication of 保護 it is also a 嘆願 for the 拡張 of the activities of the 明言する／公表する. In 1881 appeared 代表者／国会議員 政府 in England, a thoughtful 熟考する／考慮する of the history of 議会 in England. His next 調書をとる／予約する On the Modification of Organisms, published in 1890, is 大部分は a 批評 of Darwin's theory of natural 選択. His last 容積／容量, The Soul: A 熟考する／考慮する and an Argument (1903), discusses in a spirit of 調査 the nature of life, instinct, memory, mind, and 生き残り after death.

Syme was over six feet in 高さ, lean, upright in carriage, 厳しい and reserved-looking. He went little into society, he could not be 説得するd to make a speech or sit on a 委員会. The Age was his life, its 評判 was clearer to him than anything else. Though a rich man he was not 目だつ in connexion with charitable 控訴，上告s, but he paid the expenses of a ライフル銃／探して盗む team to Bisley and 財政／金融d 探検隊／遠征隊s to New Guinea and Central Australia. In 1904 he gave ｣3000 to Melbourne university to endow the Syme prize for 研究 in biology, chemistry, 地質学 and natural philosophy. When the introduction of linotype machines threw many of his compositers out of work, he was 完全に conscientious in seeing that they were 供給するd for. The 年上の men were 年金d and others were 始める，決める up in 商売／仕事 or placed on the land. In congenial company Syme could talk brilliantly and without arrogance, and he could be a good friend, but his armour of reserve helped to 設立する the legend that he was hard, dour, and arrogant. He seemed 気が進まない to give 賞賛する, he could be fault-finding, his temper was not always under 支配（する）／統制する, but the members of his staff were loyal to him and felt a pride in their 長，率いる. He has been called unscrupulous and it is true that if he were fighting any man or 原則 a 事例／患者 was built up without regard to what might be said on the other 味方する. Neither was the other 味方する given 十分な 適切な時期 to reply. If Syme thought a man was a danger to his country, the order was 問題／発行するd that he was to be written out of his position without 妥協 or consideration of mitigating circumstances. He had strong 原則s and would not palter with them, his 力／強力にする was enormous but he was never （刑事）被告 of using his 力／強力にする for his own advantage. It has been said that for 25 years no 閣僚 was formed in Victoria without his 存在 協議するd. That may not be literally true but he was not 愛称d "King David" for nothing. He was a 広大な／多数の／重要な personality and had an 巨大な 影響（力） on the 開発 of the 明言する／公表する of Victoria.

Ambrose Pratt, David Syme, the Father of 保護 in Australia; The Age and The Argus, 15 February 1908; Cyclopaedia of Victoria, 1903; 私的な （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） and personal knowledge.

SYME, EBENEZER (1826-1860), 新聞記者／雑誌記者,

brother of David Syme (q.v.), was born at North Berwick, Scotland, in 1826. He went to the university of St Andrews to be educated for the 省 but finding difficulties in 受託するing the creeds of the day became an unattached evangelist, working mostly in the north of England . He also began to 令状 for the reviews and 後継するd George Eliot as assistant editor of the Westminster Review. In 1852 he sailed for Melbourne and すぐに 設立する 占領／職業 as a 新聞記者／雑誌記者. When the Age was 設立するd in 1854 Syme joined the staff and two years later, the paper 存在 in difficulties, it was sold to him and his brother, David. He was elected member for Mandurang in the first 法律を制定する 議会 of Victoria, but as this 衝突d with his journalistic work he did not stand again when his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 満了する／死ぬd. in 1857 he took 単独の 支配（する）／統制する of the Age and joined in the struggle for the 開始 up of the lands. His health, however, began to 苦しむ and he died after a ぐずぐず残る illness on 13 March 1860. His son, Joseph Cowen Syme, was for many years part proprietor and 経営者／支配人 of the Age.

P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography; Ambrose Pratt, David Syme, the Father of 保護 in Australia.

SYME, SIR GEORGE ADLINGTON (1859-1929), 外科医,

was born at Nottingham, England, on 13 July 1859, and was educated at Wesley College, Melbourne. His father, George Alexander Syme (1821-1894), a brother of David Syme (q.v.) and Ebenezer Syme (q.v.), was a 卒業生（する） of the university of Aberdeen and became a Baptist clergyman in England. On account of failing health he followed his brother, David, to Australia in 1862 arid joined the staff of the Age. He became editor of the Leader from which he retired in 1885 and died on 31 December 1894. His son did a brilliant course at Melbourne university, 卒業生（する）ing in 1881 with first-class honours in 外科, 薬／医学 and 法廷の 薬／医学.

He continued his 熟考する／考慮するs at King's College, London, worked under Lister and 伸び（る）d his F.R.C.S. Eng. in 1885. He returned to Melbourne and became examiner in anatomy, and physiology at the university. In 1888 he qualified for the degree of Ch. M. and in 1890 was 事実上の／代理-professor of anatomy. In 1893 he became 名誉として与えられる 外科医 to in-患者s at St Vincent's hospital, and held the same position at Melbourne hospital from 1903 to 1919. When war broke out he left Australia in December 1914 as 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐, and was 長，指導者 of the surgical staff in No. 1 general hospital at Cairo. He was 現在の at the 上陸 at Gallipoli. 無効のd to England he was 協議するing 外科医 to the Australian 皇室の 軍隊s in London. He returned to Australia in 1916 and was 大（公）使館員d to the Caulfield 軍の hospital as 外科医. Syme was 大統領，／社長 of the Australian 医療の congress in 1923, and three times 大統領，／社長 of the Victorian 支店 of the British 医療の 協会. During the last two years of his life he was much 利益／興味d in the 形式 of the Australasian College of 外科医s, of which he was the first 大統領，／社長. On his 退職 in 1924 he was 現在のd with his portrait painted by Sir John Longstaff (q.v.) and subscribed for by members of his profession. In the same year he was created K.B.E. He died on 19 April 1929. He married Mabel Berry, who 生き残るd him with one son and three daughters. His portrait by Longstaff is in the 医療の Society あられ／賞賛する at Melbourne.

Syme was 静かな, unobtrusive and modest, a man of few words. Apart from his profession he did much work on さまざまな （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限s and 委員会s. To 述べる him as a brilliant 外科医 would be to use the wrong word. にもかかわらず he was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 外科医 because he brought to his work a large 基金 of experience and knowledge, 広大な／多数の／重要な 力／強力にするs of diagnosis, 徹底的な conscientiousness and unremitting care. In 1923 when Dr Franklin ツバメ, director-general of the American College of 外科医s, and Dr William Mayo 問い合わせd throughout Australia and New Zealand who could most fittingly be selected for the 名誉として与えられる fellowship of the American College of 外科医s, they were everywhere given Syme's 指名する. Nothing could have better 表明するd the 賞賛 and 尊敬（する）・点 of the whole of his profession.

A. L. Kenny, The 医療の 定期刊行物 of Australia, 13 February 1932; The Age and The Argus, 20 April 1929; The Lancet, 27 April 1920; The British 医療の 定期刊行物, 27 April 1929.

SYMON, SIR JOSIAH HENRY (1846-1934), lawyer and 政治家，政治屋,

son of James Symon, was born at Wick, Caithness, Scotland, on 27 September 1846. He was educated at the Stirling high school, of which he was dux in 1862, and the Moray training college, Edinburgh. He emigrated to South Australia in 1866 and was articled to a cousin, J. D. Sutherland, who was practising as a solicitor at 開始する Gambier. Some of his work coming under the notice of (Sir) Samuel Way, who was then the leader of the South Australian 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業, Symon was 招待するd to join the 会社／堅い of Way and Brook. While with them he 完全にするd his 合法的な 熟考する／考慮するs and was called to the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 in 1871. In 1872 on the death of Mr Brook he became a partner, and 設立するd a 評判 as a barrister. In March 1881 he joined the William Morgan (q.v.) 省 as 弁護士／代理人／検事-general; he was not a member of 議会 but a few weeks later a seat was 設立する for him as 代表者／国会議員 for Sturt. This 政府, however, went out of office on 24 June 1881. In this year Symon became a Q.C. and in 1884 拒絶する／低下するd a judgeship. In 1886 while on a visit to England he was 申し込む／申し出d and 拒絶する／低下するd 指名／任命 for a seat in the house of ありふれたs for a 保守的な 選挙区／有権者. He returned to South Australia, and was 敗北・負かすd as a 候補者 for the Victorian 地区 at the 1887 選挙, and was never in the South Australian 議会 again.

Symon was an ardent 連邦主義者, did 価値のある work as 大統領，／社長 of the South Australian 連邦の League, and was elected as a 代表者／国会議員 of South Australia at the 1897 条約. As chairman of the 司法の 委員会 he took an important part in the 訴訟／進行s. In 1899 he again visited England and was able to be of 援助 in connexion with the 連邦／共和国 法案 and its passing through the 皇室の 議会, and in 1901 was created K.C.M.G. He was placed 長，率いる of the 投票 at the South Australian 選挙 of 上院議員s in 1901, and was 任命するd leader of the 対立 in the 上院. At the second 連邦／共和国 選挙 he again 長，率いるd the 上院 投票 in South Australia, and from August 1904 to July 1905 was 弁護士／代理人／検事-general in the Reid-McLean 省. In 1911 he was the 連邦／共和国 代表者／国会議員 at the 載冠（式）／即位（式） 海軍の review, but in 1913 he lost his seat at the 選挙 for the 上院. He continued his practice as a barrister until 1923, and lived in 退職 until his death on 29 March 1934. He married Mary Eleanor Cowle in 1881 who 生き残るd him with five sons and five daughters.

Symon was an excellent 支持する and in 犯罪の 事例／患者s his 演説（する）／住所s to the 陪審／陪審員団 were masterpieces of pleading and oratory. He was a member of the Society of Comparative 法律制定 and International 法律 and frequently 与える／捧げるd to its 定期刊行物. He also wrote extensively on 連合 and was a good Shakespearean scholar; his pleasant little 容積／容量, Shakespeare at Home, was published in 1905. Another 容積／容量, Shakespeare the Englishman, appeared in 1929 and some of his lectures were printed as 小冊子s. He took much 利益／興味 in viticulture and owned Auldana, a 井戸／弁護士席-known South Australian vineyard. His many benefactions 含むd ｣9500 to the university of Adelaide for the women's 部分 of the union, and he also 設立するd scholarships at the university of Sydney, Scotch College, Adelaide, and Stirling high school, Scotland. His 罰金 library of 7500 容積／容量s was left to the public library of South Australia.

The Advertiser, Adelaide, 30 March 1934; The 公式発表, 10 April 1935; B. R. Wise, The Making of the Australian 連邦／共和国; Quick and Garran, The 憲法 of the Australian 連邦／共和国; W. Murdoch, Alfred Deakin; H. G. Turner, The First １０年間 of the Australian 連邦／共和国; Debrett's Peerage etc., 1933; E. Morris Miller, Australian Literature.

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