Landsborough, who was 生き残るd by a family of children, was a 勇敢に立ち向かう and 有能な 開拓する and explorer. It has been 示唆するd that he gave up his search for Burke and Wills too 早期に, but some members of his party had fallen sick and he was running short of food.

The Brisbane 特使, 17 March 1886; J. H. Heaton, Australian Dictionary of Dates; Ed. by J. S. Laurie, Landsborough's 探検 of Australia; 定期刊行物 of Landsborough's 探検隊／遠征隊; William Howitt, The History of 発見 in Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand, vol. II.

LANE, WILLIAM (1861-1917), social 改革者,

was born at Bristol, England, on 6 September 1861. His father was Protestant Irish and worked in a nursery, his mother was English. When 小道／航路 was born his father was 収入 a 哀れな 行う, but later on his circumstances 改善するd and he became an 雇用者 of 労働. The boy was educated at Bristol grammar school and showed ability, but he was sent 早期に to work as an office boy. His mother died when he was 14, and at 16 he went to America and supported himself doing 半端物 職業s. In Canada he became a reporter at the age of 20. He married before he was 21 Annie Macguire and went to Australia soon afterwards. Between 1883 and 1885 he began working on the Brisbane 特使 and the 観察者／傍聴者, an evening paper with 過激な 傾向s; there was then no 労働 party. 小道／航路 had much 影響（力） in forming the Brisbane 貿易（する）s and 労働 会議, and soon 17 unions were (v)提携させる(n)支部，加入者d. His "労働 公式文書，認めるs" in the 観察者／傍聴者 were read all over Queensland, and he used his column to 支持する settling on the land as a 治療（薬） for social problems. In 1887 he started the Boomerang and 強調するd the necessity for land 改革（する）. He created a sensation by 説得するing the 首相 Sir Samuel Griffith (q.v.) to 令状 an article for his Christmas Boomerang, which said の中で other things that the main 治療（薬） for social ills was the 承認 that the 労働者 was する権利を与えるd to an 適する and fair 割合 of the new wealth produced by his 労働. "It appears to follow that it is the 義務 of the 明言する／公表する to 請け負う the 仕事 of 主張するing upon a fair 分割 of the 製品s of 労働 between the possessor of the raw 構成要素 and the 生産者." 小道／航路 at this 行う／開催する／段階 had been much 影響（力）d by Henry George, but it was not long before he made the 移行 to 社会主義. His form of 政府 had, however, no place for coloured races, and he took a strong stand on the Chinese question, then a 支配する of agitation. 小道／航路's 長，指導者 恐れる was of course the possible introduction of a low 基準 of living. His paper became a 広大な／多数の／重要な 影響（力） in Queensland, and 小道／航路 made many friends, not only in the 労働 階級s but also の中で 高度に placed people who held democratic or socialistic opinions. He was making an income of ｣600 a year as a 新聞記者／雑誌記者 at the end of 1889, when the 提案 to 設立する a 労働 paper was 討議するd. By March 1890 he had sold the Boomerang and taken a little cottage so that he might be able to live on his salary of three 続けざまに猛撃するs a week as editor of the 労働者. 小道／航路 wrote a large part of it himself, but の中で the writers of 詩（を作る） were Henry Lawson (q.v.), Francis Adams (q.v.), and John Farrell (q.v.). The success of the paper was 即座の. It was read more and more 広範囲にわたって, but 小道／航路 was still not content. He 補助装置d in 組織するing the unionists, he 設立するd 審議ing societies, hundreds of 小冊子s were written and 分配するd, and all the time his remarkable personality was 製図／抽選 the 労働者s to him so that "he 後継するd in 設立するing the best 組織するd 禁止（する）d of 労働者s in Australia".

Long years of strikes and 産業の 戦闘 followed. By both 味方するs 小道／航路 was regarded as the 軍隊 behind the movement. On the whole he was a 抑制するing 影響（力）, though he felt that a time always arrives "where 寛容 of a wrong becomes itself a wrong, and where those alone have 権利s who dare to 持続する them". In 1892, under the 指名する of John Miller, he published his novel The Working Man's 楽園, an 利益／興味ing 声明 of the socialistic position. But he felt that the movement had reached a 行う／開催する／段階 when the difficulties would tend to 増加する and 進歩 slow 負かす／撃墜する. For a long time the 可能性 of 設立するing a socialistic community had been discussed and 小道／航路 sent a friend, A. Walker, to South America to 調査／捜査する the 可能性 of finding suitable land there. He 手配中の，お尋ね者 to 証明する that 社会主義 was practicable; he had 完全にする 約束 in his fellow-countrymen, and believed that they could 後継する though 類似の 投機・賭けるs in the past had failed. The New Australia Co-operative 解決／入植地 協会 was 設立するd to which every male member had to 与える／捧げる at least ｣60. 小道／航路 himself gave ｣1000, others 与える／捧げるd up to ｣1500, and in a short time it 所有するd a 資本／首都 of ｣30,000. It was decided to start in South America rather than in Australia, because there they would be away from capitalistic surroundings, and would be freer to 形態／調整 their own 運命s. The 財政上の 不景気 was 原因（となる）ing much 失業 in Australia and it was 平易な to believe that 条件s might be better in some other part of the world. A ship, the 王室の Tar, was 購入（する）d and fitted up, but there were 延期するs, and it is not ありそうもない that the seeds of 未来 trouble were sown while the members were waiting in uncomfortable 条件s in Sydney. In the 直面する of many difficulties the ship sailed on 17 July 1893.

The 王室の Tar arrived at Monte ビデオ on 13 September. There had been a good 取引，協定 of 不平（をいう）ing and fault-finding on the voyage, but 小道／航路 had kept a tight 手渡す on the members and was already 存在 called a despot by some of them. The party transhipped to a smaller 大型船 and after travelling 1200 miles up the River La Plata they reached the 場所／位置 of New Australia on 4 October. 小道／航路 was given the 力／強力にするs of a 治安判事 by the 政府 of Paraguay. The 植民／開拓者s 明言する／公表するd their preference for particular 肉親，親類d of work, their foremen were elected by 投票（する）, and all 始める，決める to work making adobe huts, （疑いを）晴らすing the land, cultivating vegetable gardens, and doing other work necessary in a new 解決／入植地. A few were 早期に discouraged and 出発／死d, and just before Christmas 1893 a serious 嵐／襲撃する arose. Three men went for an 遠出 to a 隣人ing village and returned drunk. All had agreed to be teetotallers and 小道／航路 主張するd on the 追放 of the three men for "執拗な 違反 of the 条項 . . . relating to アルコール飲料 drinking". Some of their friends stood by the men, but 小道／航路 brought Paraguayan 兵士s to the 解決／入植地 and his orders were obeyed. 派閥s began to spring up, work was neglected, there was a feeling that their leader had been unduly 厳しい, and there was much bickering and arguing. Another 団体／死体 of 植民／開拓者s arrived in March 1894 under the leadership of Gilbert Casey who soon was the leader of the 謀反のs. The two men talked the problems over but could not come to a 妥協. 小道／航路 decided to leave and start a fresh 植民地, and 45 adults and 12 children went with him. They took with them a 割合 of the 器具／実施するs and a few cattle. Those who remained 徐々に developed individualism, some 栄えるd, and some returned to Australia. 小道／航路 and his 信奉者s travelled about 20 miles to a river ford called Paso Cosme and （軍の）野営地，陣営d in テントs. An 試みる／企てる was made to get a その上の 認める of land without success, but 結局 some land was 購入（する）d. A friend gave them ｣150, 所持品 were sold, and the new 解決／入植地, started with a 資本／首都 of ｣400, was 指名するd Cosme after their （軍の）野営地，陣営ing place, though it was some distance away. By working 10 hours a day for six months a （疑いを）晴らすing was made and 工場／植物d with maize and beans. 徐々に their 蓄える／店s were 消費するd, and in January 1895 for a fortnight there was no food but beans. Everyone worked without （民事の）告訴 and in 完全にする comradeship.

小道／航路's brother John said that in spite of the privations it was the happiest time of his life. "There seemed to be 絶対 no such thing as （民事の）告訴, ill-nature or ill-feeling," said Mary Gilmore, afterwards to become famous as an Australian poet. But it was a constant struggle against nature, and it took them all their time to keep the 100 acres that had been （疑いを）晴らすd 解放する／自由な of 少しのd and forest growths. Slowly the 条件s 改善するd. New members joined and others left. In September 1896 小道／航路 went to England and 組織するd a party of between 40 and 50 people, but the English 新採用するs usually 設立する the 気候 too hot, and the diet too monotonous. 小道／航路 had more than one illness and his wife also became ill 大部分は as a result of worry. At the fifth 年次の 会合 of the 植民地 in 1899 he decided not to stand for office, and on 2 August 1899 he left the 解決／入植地. He was only 38 years old but his energy was exhausted. He became an 名誉として与えられる member of the community and 決定するd to earn money and 支払う／賃金 off the 解決／入植地's 負債s. He also 始める，決める himself to 返す all who had left Cosme and （人命などを）奪う，主張するd 量s they had 初めは paid into the 基金s. He was still doing this at the time of his death. His brother John 小道／航路 remained at Cosme until May 1904 when the numbers had fallen from 131 in 1897 to 69, of whom only 33 were adults. That was the end of Cosme as a 共産主義者 植民地.

After leaving Cosme 小道／航路 went to England and then to New Zealand, arriving late in 1899. He was 任命するd editor of the Australian 労働者, Sydney, in January, 1900, but 辞職するd in the に引き続いて May. He had a wife and several children to support, so he went 支援する to New Zealand, and, after a few weeks on the Wellington 地位，任命する, joined a 保守的な paper, the New Zealand 先触れ（する）, at Auckland as leader writer. In 1906 he was 大部分は instrumental in 設立するing the 国家の Defence League, he also 支持するd compulsory 軍の training in New Zealand, and he was heart and soul with Britain when the 1914-18 war （機の）カム. He had been editor of the New Zealand 先触れ（する） for nearly four years when he died on 26 August 1917. His wife 生き残るd him with a son and five daughters. Another son was killed at Gallipoli.

小道／航路 was under medium 高さ, of frail physique, and わずかに lame from birth. He was 完全に altruistic and unselfish, and no man had higher ideals. His idealism, however, was not 支援するd by a strong 商売／仕事 sense, there was unnecessary muddling before the first party sailed for South America, and when he was given 十分な 当局 there was a 欠如（する） of tact in 演習ing it. But the 原因（となる） of the 失敗 lay deeper than that. His enthusiasm could so 奮起させる his 信奉者s that they could sell all they had and put it into the ありふれた pool, but it could not give them new natures to enable them to 耐える 根気よく with one another in spite of hardships, monotony, unsuitable food, and the petty jealousies and rancours that 感染させる people thrown much together without pleasurable distractions. The constant 緊張する 負傷させるd 小道／航路's health and broke his spirit. What had seemed the most important thing in the world had 証明するd a 失敗. He tried to put it out of his mind for the 残り／休憩（する） of his life, but occasionally his 早期に hopes would rise again; in August 1914 he wrote: "We shall root out the slum and the slum 条件s. We shall see that no child 欠如（する）s in a civilization bursting with riches." 本人自身で he 保持するd his old charm and gave 自由に to all who needed sympathy and 親切, work or money. He was still a delightful talker, but could never be 説得するd to speak of his South American experiences, and no one will ever know for 確かな what were his innermost thoughts during the last 18 years of his life. He was the greatest man in the 早期に days of the 労働 movement in Australia, and if his Utopia failed it failed 大部分は for 推論する／理由s he had no 力／強力にする to 支配（する）／統制する.

Two of 小道／航路's brothers, John and E. H. 小道／航路, were connected with Cosme. Both were alive in 1938, still 納得させるd 共産主義者s; they had left Cosme in 1904 because they considered that 共産主義者 ideals were no longer 存在 carried out. E. H. 小道／航路, "Jack Cade", had a long connexion with the 労働 party in Australia, always as one of the 交戦的なs, and in 1939 published 夜明け to Dusk Reminiscences of a 反逆者／反逆する.

Lloyd Ross, William 小道／航路 and the Australian 労働 Movement; Stewart Grahame, Where 社会主義 Failed; A. St. Ledger, Australian 社会主義; C. A. Bernays, Queensland Politics During Sixty Years; The New Zealand 先触れ（する）, Auckland, 27 August 1917.

LANG, JOHN (1817-1864), first native-born Australian 小説家,

was born at Parramatta, probably in 1817. He was educated at Sydney College, and is について言及するd in the 一時期／支部 "My School Days" in Rolf Boldrewood's In Bad Company and Other Stories. Lang could hardly, however, have been at the school with T. A. Browne ("Rolf Boldrewood") (q.v.), as Browne was not born until 1826. Lang went to Cambridge in 1838 and after qualifying as a barrister returned to Australia. In 1842 at a public 会合 he seconded a 動議 提案するd by W. C. Wentworth (q.v.), that the 栄冠を与える be 嘆願（書）d to 認める the 植民地 a 代表者／国会議員 議会. A few months later he went to India and was successful as a barrister. He became a 新聞記者／雑誌記者 and in 1845 設立するd a paper, the Mofussilite, at Meerut. He also wrote some novels which appeared serially in the Mofussilite and in Fraser's Magazine. These began to be published in 調書をとる／予約する form in 1853, The Wetherbys and Too Clever by Half appearing in that year, followed by Too Much Alike (1854), The Forger's Wife (1855), Captain Macdonald (1856), Will he Marry Her (1858), The Ex-Wife (1858), My Friend's Wife (1859), The Secret Police (1859), and Botany Bay; or True Stories of the 早期に Days of Australia (1859). Some of these were very popular and were often reprinted, the twelfth 版 of Too Clever by Half appearing in 1878. Botany Bay has been reprinted several times, いつかs under the 肩書を与えるs of Clever 犯罪のs, or Remarkable 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. Fisher's Ghost reprints 10 of the 13 stories of Botany Bay. Lang also published Geraldine, A Ballad in 1854, and in 1859 Wanderings in India and other Sketches reprinted from 世帯 Words. He visited London in 1859, and was for a short time at Calcutta where he 問題／発行するd the 楽天主義者. He died at Mussoorie, India, on 20 August 1864.

Author's preface to Botany Bay; Rolf Boldrewood, In Bad Company, p. 365; The Dictionary of Indian Biography; Frederic Boase, Modern English Biography; E. Morris Miller, Australian Literature; British Museum 目録.

LANG, JOHN DUNMORE (1799-1878), 政治家，政治屋, miscellaneous writer, and 早期に clergyman,

was born at Greenock, Scotland, on 24 or 25 August 1799, the son of William Lang and his wife, Mary Dunmore. Both 味方するs of the family （機の）カム of farming 在庫／株. He was educated at the parish school and entered Glasgow university while still in his thirteenth year. He 卒業生（する）d M.A. in 1820, in the same year was licensed to preach, and five years later received the degree of D.D. His younger brother had emigrated to Australia in 1821, and his 報告（する）／憶測 of the 条件s stirred the imagination of the young clergyman who decided to start a Presbyterian church in Australia. On 14 October 1822 he sailed for Australia, 支払う／賃金ing all his own expenses, arrived at Sydney on 23 May 1823, and very soon after gathered together a congregation and 得るd the use of a hall from the 政府. He also 始める，決める to work to 得る subscriptions to build a church, and the 創立／基礎-石／投石する of Scots Church was laid on 1 July 1824. In August Lang voyaged to England and on his arrival interviewed Earl Bathurst, the 長官 of 明言する／公表する for the 植民地s who directed that one-third of the 概算の cost of the church should be 前進するd by the 財務省 and that Lang should be paid a salary of ｣300 a year. The church was opened on 16 July 1826, and Lang continued to be its 大臣 until his death more than 50 years later. He was a born 闘士，戦闘機, and, having been 辞退するd a licence to solemnize marriages, put an 宣伝 in the Sydney Gazette 明言する／公表するing that he would solemnize marriages by banns, and challenged anyone to show that such marriages were against the 法律. The 当局 （機の）カム to their senses and Lang was given his licence.

In 1830 Lang paid his second visit to England. He had endeavoured before he left to 設立する a Presbyterian high school, but was unable to enlist the sympathies of the 知事, Sir Ralph Darling (q.v.). In England Lord Goderich, 長官 of 明言する／公表する for the 植民地s, not only agreed to 権限を与える an 前進する of ｣3500 for the 設立 of the college, but also agreed that ｣1500 of this sum might be used to 伝える a party of workmen and their families to Sydney. In 1831 Lang returned to Australia with 140 emigrants, 主として Scotch mechanics and their families. The understanding was that the cost of their passages would be repaid out of their 収入s. On the voyage out Lang married his cousin, Wilhelmina Mackie, at the Cape of Good Hope. The 実験 of bringing out the mechanics was a 広大な／多数の／重要な success, but Lang imprudently raised 敵意 by 令状ing a letter to Lord Goderich 示唆するing that the land 認めるd to the Church of England 当局 was not 存在 put to its proper use, and that it should be sold and the proceeds 充てるd to the 激励 of 移住. Several people as a consequence 辞退するd their 援助 in building his college, and he had to make personal sacrifices 含むing the selling of his home to 会合，会う his 責任／義務s. The school was opened in 1832 under the 指名する of the Australian College. Lang was 任命するd 主要な／長／主犯 without salary, but the school had a chequered 存在 until it was の近くにd in 1854. Its 計画／陰謀 was too ambitious for the circumstances of the time, and its rigid sectarianism did not help it to 達成する 完全にする success.

In 1833 Lang again went to England and during the voyage wrote his An Historical and 統計に基づく Account of New South むちの跡s, which was published in London in 1834 and subsequently ran into four 版s, the last of which appeared in 1875. He returned to Sydney in 1834 and in the に引き続いて year started a 週刊誌 newspaper the Colonist. Lang was nothing if not outspoken and fought more than one 名誉き損 活動／戦闘 with success, 事実上の／代理 as his own 支持する. In the same year he …に反対するd the （資金の）充当／歳出 of the land 基金 for police and gaol 設立s, and powerfully 競うd that the money should be spent on encouraging 移民／移住. In 1836 and 1839 he again visited England and did 価値のある work in 支持するing the sending of suitable colonists to Australia. In 1842 he was in 衝突 with the 教会会議 of the Presbyterian Church in Australia, and was 退位させる／宣誓証言するd from the 省, a deposition which was 確認するd by the presbytery of Irvine in Scotland. Lang again went to 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain and had the Church 法廷，裁判所 決定／判定勝ち（する）s 無効にするd, and returned to Sydney fully 信じる／認定／派遣するd as an 任命するd 大臣 of the Church of Scotland. In 1843 he was elected as a 代表者／国会議員 for Port Phillip in the newly 設立するd 法律を制定する 会議. The Port Phillip 地区 was becoming 繁栄する, and though it 与える／捧げるd much 歳入 to the 政府, the public 支出 was in no way in 割合. Lang became a most active 代表者／国会議員 and in 1844 brought 今後 a 動議 for its 分離 from New South むちの跡s. In spite of his eloquent speech, his only 支持者s were the other 代表者／国会議員s of Port Phillip and Robert Lowe (q.v.). It took much agitation before 分離 was finally 達成するd in 1851. He also with Lowe took a 目だつ part in the education 論争. He had been 堅固に …に反対するd to Lord Stanley's Irish 国家の System, but better 知識 with its working made a 変える of him, and he moved the 採択 of the 報告（する）／憶測 of Lowe's select 委員会, which had recommended it. The 動議 was carried but the 知事, Sir George Gipps, (q.v.) 拒否権d it. In 1846 Lang again went to Europe hoping to have 移住 to Moreton Bay encouraged. He was 十分な of the idea that there were 広大な／多数の／重要な 可能性s in cotton-growing in Queensland in 新規加入 to the 生産／産物 of sugar, and lectured extensively on the 支配する in England. Excellent cotton has since been grown in Australia, but it has never become a 広大な／多数の／重要な 産業. His work drew much attention to 植民地化, and he also was able to give 証拠 against the continuance of transportation. He spoke eloquently against it after his return, and during the agitation in 1849 and 1850 was elected to the 会議 by a large 大多数 over his プロの／賛成の-transportation 対抗者. When the 会議 met, Lang moved for a select 委員会 to 問い合わせ into 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s made against him in connexion with his bringing emigrants to Australia under the land order system. He had enemies in the 会議 who took the 適切な時期 to pass a 決意／決議 非難するing his 行為／行う. Lang 発表するd his 意向 of 辞職するing, but a 大部分は …に出席するd public 会合 passed 決意／決議s 非難するing the 活動／戦闘 of the 会議 in passing its 決意／決議 without going into the 証拠, and Lang 保持するd his seat. He 報復するd by publishing 詳細（に述べる）s of the careers of his 対抗者s, and one of them 起訴するd him for 犯罪の 名誉き損. He was 設立する 有罪の, 宣告，判決d to four months' 監禁，拘置 and 罰金d ｣100. The 量 of the 罰金 was collected by public subscriptions of one shilling each, and at the 選挙 of 1851 Lang was elected for Sydney at the 長，率いる of the 投票. He 辞職するd soon afterwards, paid his seventh visit to England, and returning to Australia was elected for a Queensland 選挙区／有権者 in 1854 and worked for 分離 from New South むちの跡s. In 1859 he was elected to the 議会 at the 長，率いる of the 投票 for West Sydney, and held the seat until 1869 when he retired. In December 1872 the jubilee of his 省 at Scots' church was celebrated, and in 1873 he was elected moderator of the general 議会 of the Presbyterian Church in New South むちの跡s. In the same year he made his ninth and last voyage to England, to see the fourth 版 of his Historical and 統計に基づく Account of New South むちの跡s through the 圧力（をかける）. He died on 8 August 1878 and was 生き残るd by his wife, a son and two daughters. He was given a public funeral. There is a statue of him in Wynyard Square, Sydney.

Dr Lang was over six feet in 高さ, burly, but 示唆するing 広大な／多数の／重要な energy. He 恐れるd no one and by word and 行為 made many enemies. He was a masterful man and difficult to work with, but underlying everything was an 巨大な enthusiasm and a passion for 活動／戦闘. At times he appeared to be 狭くする and bigoted, 特に in his 見解（をとる）s on the Roman カトリック教徒 Church, but even his own church was not spared if he thought it in the wrong. In 論争 his strong feelings led to his 存在 いつかs 不正な, but in his 私的な life he was kindly and 十分な of a practising benevolence. He was a 罰金 orator with the fault of spending too much time in the 開始 up of the 支配する, but once fully 開始する，打ち上げるd his speaking was characterized by 広大な／多数の／重要な 力／強力にする and earnestness, and the quaintness and humour of his illustrations were often 設立する to be irresistible. In politics he was never in office, but his long career was characterized by a 一貫した struggle for the 設立 of better 教育の 施設s, and the general 進歩 of the people. His greatest 業績／成就 was his 移民／移住 work, for which he made voyage after voyage and worked and spoke with 巨大な 影響. It is true that in his 取引 with the English 当局 he was not always tactful or even 慎重な, but his bringing of artisans of good character to Sydney 供給（する）d a real need and had a 際立った 影響 on the 開発 of the 植民地. His 罰金 intellect was 防備を堅める／強化するd with much reading, and he did an 巨大な 量 of literary work. His one 容積／容量 of 詩（を作る）, Aurora Australis, published in 1826 and reprinted with 新規加入s in 1873, is 大部分は 宗教的な 詩（を作る） not much better or worse than most work of this 肉親，親類d. In his 世俗的な poems he occasionally touches the 辛勝する／優位 of poetry. His most important 調書をとる／予約する was his Historical and 統計に基づく Account of New South むちの跡s, which has 価値のある 質s, marred too often by personal bias. の中で his other 作品 are: 見解（をとる） of the Origin and 移住s of the Polynesian Nation, (1834, 2nd ed. 大きくするd 1877), Transportation and 植民地化 (1837), New Zealand in 1839 (1839), 宗教 and Education in America (1840), Cooksland in North-Eastern Australia (1847), Phillipsland (1847), Freedom and Independence for the Golden Lands of Australia (1852), 2nd ed. 1857, Queensland Australia (1861), 2nd ed. 1864, The Coming Event: or Freedom and Independence for the Seven 部隊d 州s of Australia (1870).

A. Mackay, Melbourne Review, October 1878; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 8 August 1878; T. Tait, John Dunmore Lang; A. C. Child, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. XXII, pp. 69, 208, 298; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. XIV to XX, XXIII, XXIV; J. D. Lang, An Historical and 統計に基づく Account of New South むちの跡s.

LAPﾉROUSE, JEAN FRANCOIS GALAUP, COMTE DE (1741-1788), explorer, [ also 言及する to Comte de LAPÉROUSE page at 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia]

was born at Albi, フラン, on 23 August 1741. His 指名する is usually spelt La P駻ouse, but Ernest Scott has pointed out that （競技場の）トラック一周駻ouse and later members of his family wrote it as one word. In November 1756 （競技場の）トラック一周駻ouse entered the French 海洋 service as a 王室の cadet, and for the next 30 years served in many ships, fought in many sea 活動／戦闘s, and 伸び（る）d a very high 評判 as an officer. In 1785 he was selected by Louis XVI to make a voyage of 発見 in the South Seas, in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of two ships of the 海軍, La Boussole and L'Astrolabe. The king had been much 利益／興味d in the voyages of Cook (q.v.), and felt that a French 探検隊／遠征隊 might make その上の 発見s of 広大な／多数の／重要な importance. （競技場の）トラック一周駻ouse had a personal interview with the king and was given (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述する 指示／教授／教育s, with, however, 力／強力にする to 修正する them should that be necessary. The 探検隊／遠征隊 sailed on 1 August 1785, 一連の会議、交渉／完成するd Cape Horn in January 1786, sailed up the Chile coast and visited 復活祭 Island in April, and the 挟む Islands in May. The two ships then sailed north to Alaska, then 負かす／撃墜する the coast to California, and then almost 予定 west to Macao on the coast of 中国, which was reached in January 1787. After a visit to the Philippines a course was 始める，決める north to Formosa, up the coast of 中国, 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the north of Japan and then 一般に south or south-east to the 航海士 Islands. At one of these islands de Langle, the 指揮官 of the Astrolabe, and all of his 乗組員 who had gone 岸に to 得る fresh water, were 殺人d by natives in December 1787. Twenty others were 厳しく 負傷させるd, one of whom P鑽e Receveur, priest and naturalist, died of his 傷害s at Botany Bay and was buried there. After the 大虐殺 the ships sailed to the south-west, and arrived off the east coast of Australia 事実上 at the same time as the First (n)艦隊／(a)素早い under Phillip (q.v.). The French ships sailed into Botany Bay on the morning of 26 January 1788. Happy relations were 設立するd between the French and English officers, but there is no 証拠 to show that （競技場の）トラック一周駻ouse and Phillip ever met. After a stay of a few weeks the French ships sailed from Botany Bay on 10 March 1788, and nothing more was heard of them for many years. In 1791 two ships under 海軍大将 D'Entrecasteaux were sent to search for tidings of them. Esperance Bay in Western Australia is 指名するd after one of these ships, D'Entrecasteaux Channel to the south of Tasmania is 指名するd after the 海軍大将. Their search 産する／生じるd nothing. Other ships afterwards looked for 遺物s of （競技場の）トラック一周駻ouse, but it was not until 1826 that Captain Dillon of the St Patrick 設立する European articles on the island of Tucopia. He made 調査s and learned that two ships, evidently those of the （競技場の）トラック一周駻ouse 探検隊／遠征隊, had been 難破させるd in the Vanikoro cluster of islands, some of the 乗組員 had been 殺人d when they got 岸に, others built a boat out of the fragments and sailed away never to be heard of again, a few remained on the island until they died, but there is no （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） about the 運命／宿命 of the leader.

（競技場の）トラック一周駻ouse was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 航海士 and a 広大な／多数の／重要な man, 遂行するd, humane, and able. He married Louise Eleonora Broudon two years before he sailed on his last voyage. She 生き残るd him but there was no child of the marriage. A monument to （競技場の）トラック一周駻ouse was 築くd by Baron de Bougainville at Botany Bay in 1825, and there is a statue in bronze in the Place （競技場の）トラック一周駻ouse at Albi.

Sir Ernest Scott, （競技場の）トラック一周駻ouse, and 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol, XIII, pp. 273-88; Sir William Dixson, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. XXI, pp. 361-90; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vol. I. There are also many 作品 on （競技場の）トラック一周駻ouse in French.

LA TROBE, CHARLES JOSEPH (1801-1875), 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 of Victoria,

was born in London on 20 March 1801. His father, the Rev. C. I. La Trobe, was a Moravian 大臣 who married a 行方不明になる Sims of Yorkshire, and their son was 初めは educated for the 省. He, however, did much travelling in Europe, かもしれない as a 教える, and in 1829 published his first travel 調書をとる／予約する, The Alpenstock. This was followed by The 歩行者 (1832), The Rambler in North America (1835), and The Rambler in Mexico (1836). While on the way to America with the young Count de Pourtales, to whom La Trobe appears to have been either a 教える or 助言者 he met Washington Irving and the three afterwards travelled through America together. La Trobe's account of these travels is について言及するd above, Irving's was published under the 肩書を与える A 小旅行する on the Prairies. In this 調書をとる／予約する he gives a 明らかにする／漏らすing description of La Trobe: "Another of my fellow-travellers was Mr L.; an Englishman by birth but descended from a foreign 在庫／株, and who had all the buoyancy and 融通するing spirit of a native of the Continent. Having rambled over many countries, he had become, to a 確かな degree, a 国民 of the world, easily adapting himself to every change. He was a man of a thousand 占領／職業s: a botanist, a geologist, a hunter of beetles and バタフライs, a musical amateur, a sketcher of no mean pretensions, in short, a 完全にする virtuoso; 追加するd to which, he was a very indefatigable, if not always a very successful, sportsman. Never had a man more アイロンをかけるs in the 解雇する／砲火／射撃; and, その結果, never was a man more busy or more cheerful." After the 結論 of his American 旅行s La Trobe was in 1837 sent to the West Indies to 報告（する）／憶測 to the British 政府 on the 未来 education of the recently emancipated slaves. 明らかに this 報告（する）／憶測 gave satisfaction, and in February 1839 he received the 任命 of superintendent of the Port Phillip 地区. He proceeded to Sydney, arrived on 26 July, and stayed about two months; as he had had no experience of 行政の work it was no 疑問 thought wise to give him some 指示／教授／教育 in the 手続き to be followed. He arrived at Melbourne on 1 October and received an enthusiastic 歓迎会. His salary was ｣800 a year, but this was soon raised to ｣1500. He had brought with him a house in sections, which he 築くd on the 12ｽ acres of land on the fringe of the city now called Jolimont. He bought this at auction at the upset price of ｣20 an acre. The 居住（者）s of Melbourne had agreed の中で themselves not to 企て，努力，提案 against the superintendent, and this reaching the ears of 知事 Gipps (q.v.) at Sydney he was somewhat 乱すd about it. La Trobe, however, was able to 納得させる him that he had 行為／法令／行動するd やめる innocently in the 事柄.

It is a little difficult to realize the 原始の 明言する／公表する of Melbourne when La Trobe arrived. Streets were 示すd out but they were やめる unmade, and indeed in some 事例／患者s were little better than bush 跡をつけるs with stumps of trees in the middle of them. One of his earliest 行為／法令／行動するs was to 始める，決める some labourers to work 改善するing these 条件s. The 全住民 was about 3000 and was 速く growing, there was no drainage, and health 条件s were very bad. La Trobe 設立する it necessary to 任命する a board of health to 問い合わせ into the 原因（となる）s of the 激しい mortality of the town, and に引き続いて that steps were taken to form a 地方自治体の 会社／団体. Everything had to be referred to Sydney, where 地元の 事件／事情／状勢s often appeared to be more 圧力（をかける）ing. La Trobe himself had comparatively little 力／強力にする, and in spite of his invariable 儀礼 he was not long in losing his first 人気. But he had really been doing very good work, for finding that his many requisitions were receiving insufficient attention, he had 説得するd Gipps to come to Melbourne in October 1841 and form his own opinion of the position. This had had a good 影響, but a movement in favour of 分離 from New South むちの跡s 速く developed, and finding La Trobe insufficiently 同情的な, the Melbourne city 会議 in 1848 sent a 嘆願（書） to the Queen praying for his 除去 from his 地位，任命する as superintendent. This was 支援するd up by a 決意／決議 carried at a 会合 of 3000 persons. The request was 辞退するd, and the 植民地の office showed its 信用／信任 in La Trobe by 任命するing him 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 when 分離 was at last 影響d. The influx of 全住民 原因（となる）d by the 発見 of gold was the 原因（となる） of fresh troubles to him, and he had problems of the most difficult character in connexion with the 相反する （人命などを）奪う，主張するs of the 無断占拠者s and the 移民，移住（する）s. His hesitation 関心ing the best courses to be followed, led to much 乱用 of him by the 圧力（をかける） for which there was little 令状. 早期に in 1854 the Argus began to 挿入する の中で its 宣伝s a notice "手配中の，お尋ね者 a 知事". La Trobe could stand the 緊張する no longer, 辞職するd his position, and left for England in May 1854. He had been 行政官／管理者 of the 政府 for nearly 15 years, and had 株d fully in the 不満 which was the ありふれた 運命／宿命 of all 早期に 知事s. Henceforth he lived a retired life in England. Made a C.B. in 1858, he 後継するd in 1864 in 得るing a 年金 of ｣333 a year from the British 政府. He soon afterwards became blind and died at Litlington 近づく Eastbourne on 2 December 1875. He was married twice (1) to Sophie de Mt Mollin who died in 1854 leaving three daughters and a son, and (2) to Susanne de Mauron, who 生き残るd him with two daughters. A granddaughter, La Baronne Godefroy de Blonay, 現在のd a 価値のある collection of his papers to the public library at Melbourne in 1935.

La Trobe was a 完全に amiable and kindly man, always courteous and conscientious in carrying out his 義務s. He was 井戸／弁護士席 educated and a 有能な writer, as his travel 調書をとる／予約するs show, and an excellent amateur draughtsman. A 容積／容量 of scholarly 詩（を作る）, The Solace of Song, published 不明な in 1837 and いつかs せいにするd to him was not, however, his work, having been written by his brother, J. A. La Trobe. His 私的な life was irreproachable, but his 行政の work was 激しく 非難するd during the last few years of his office, and echoes of this will be 設立する in writers on his period up to 30 years after his death. Later historians, however, have been able to realize the extreme difficulty of his position. He could do no more than pass on the いつかs premature 需要・要求するs of the Port Phillip 居住（者）s, and then carry out his 指示／教授／教育s. As a result he too often 設立する himself between the 大打撃を与える and the anvil. It is possible that he may have deferred too much to Sydney 公式の／役人s, but it is doubtful whether he could have 影響d much more than he did. He certainly 行為／法令／行動するd with 決定／判定勝ち（する） in twice 妨げるing the 上陸 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, in 1849 and 1850. Melbourne 借りがあるs much to him for his part in the 設立するing of the public library, the university, and the Melbourne hospital. He encouraged from the beginning the 形式 of a 貯蔵所 to 供給（する） Melbourne with water, and he supported the setting aside of the land for the Botanical, Fitzroy, and other public gardens.

J. H. Heaton, Australian Dictionary of Dates; The Age, 8 April 1939; The Argus, 14 April 1934; A. Sutherland, Victoria and its Metropolis; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. XX to XXVI; Victoria the First Century; H. G. Turner, A History of the 植民地 of Victoria; G. W. Rusden, The 発見 調査する and 解決／入植地 of Port Phillip; H. McCrae. Georgiana's 定期刊行物.

LAWES, WILLIAM GEORGE (1839-1907), missionary,

was born at Aldermaston Berkshire, England, on 1 July 1839. He was educated at a school connected with the Congregational Church at Mortimer West, and at 14 went to work at Reading. In 1858 the Rev. William Gill （機の）カム to this town bringing with him a native from the island of Rarotonga. 法律s became much 利益／興味d in missionary work, and 申し込む／申し出ing himself to the London Missionary Society, was sent to Bedford to 追求する his 熟考する／考慮するs. He was 任命するd at Reading on 8 November 1860. He had been married about a fortnight before to Fanny Wickham, and on 23 November the young couple sailed in the John Williams for Savage Island by way of Australia. Sydney was left on 16 May 1861, and Savage Island was reached about three months later. The natives, once の中で the fiercest of savages, were now 大部分は Christianized. 法律s soon learned the language and during his stay of 11 years his work was 刻々と successful. He translated 部分s of the scriptures into the Niue dialects, which were printed by the New South むちの跡s auxiliary of the Bible Society.

In 1872 he went to 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain with his wife on furlough, and did a large 量 of travelling and public speaking for the 使節団s. He was sent to the New Guinea 使節団 and in November 1874 a 使節団 駅／配置する was 設立するd at Port Moresby. The people were kindly 性質の／したい気がして, but it was soon realized that the 願望（する） for teachers and missionaries was 大部分は based on the hope of 得るing beads, タバコ, and food. 法律s philosophically 観察するd that at the 夜明け of Christianity much better-知らせるd people were no 疑問 attracted by the loaves and fishes. He went 刻々と on with his work, but malaria and other 病気s took （死傷者）数 of native teachers he had brought with him, and there was little 地元の food 利用できる. The coast as far as Milne Bay was 調査するd, and 部分s of the 内部の were visited. 法律s began to 減ずる the 地元の language to 令状ing, and in 1877 published at Sydney Buka Kienana Levaleva Tuahia, a first school 調書をとる／予約する in the language of Port Moresby. In 1885 he brought out Grammar and Vocabulary of Language spoken by Motu Tribe (3rd ed. 1896). From 1877 he was associated with James Chalmers (q.v.), and worked 井戸／弁護士席 with him. Chalmers was the more adventurous, 法律s more scholarly, and they made a good combination. When a British protectorate was 布告するd in November 1884, 法律s explained to the 長，指導者s 同様に as he was able the significance of the 儀式. When he visited Australia in the に引き続いて year he asked that the natives should be 受託するd as fellow 支配するs and fellow men. "Don't talk about them as 'niggers' or '黒人／ボイコット fellows' but shake 手渡すs with them across the 海峡s!" In 1891 法律s spent six months in England seeing through the 圧力（をかける） his translation of the New Testament into Motu, and on his return spent some time travelling through Australia bringing the （人命などを）奪う，主張するs of the 使節団 before the churches. He returned to Port Moresby in April 1893 and at the end of the に引き続いて year 除去するd to Vatorato, where a training college for teachers was 設立するd with 法律s in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金. He was in England when word （機の）カム of the 殺人 of Chalmers "his bosom friend and beloved brother" as he called him in a remarkable 控訴，上告 for 使節団s at a 会合 held a few days later at the Albert Hall. "Chalmers and Tomkins must be avenged," said 法律s, "not by the 燃やすing 負かす／撃墜する of homesteads but as the sainted Tamate would have it, by sending the army of Christian 労働者s to 勝利，勝つ the tribes for Christ, and make it for ever impossible that such 行為s should be （罪などを）犯すd on their shores."

In 1906, after 44 years of continuous service, 法律s decided to retire. He arrived in Sydney in April 1906 and lived 静かに, always 利益／興味d in Papua as the part of New Guinea under the 支配（する）／統制する of Australia was now called, and frequently preaching at さまざまな churches until his death on 6 August 1907. He was 生き残るd by his faithful wife and companion in all his 労働s, and three sons. He was given the 名誉として与えられる degree of D.D. by Glasgow university. In 新規加入 to the 作品 について言及するd 法律s was 責任がある other translations into Motu, 含むing 選択s from Old Testament History, a hymn-調書をとる／予約する, a catechism with marriage and burial services and forms of 祈り, and a 地理学 and arithmetic 調書をとる／予約する. The basis of his 広大な／多数の／重要な success as a missionary was his belief that the work must be a 使節団 of love and understanding. He was an ideal teacher, a skilful 組織者, a fit complement of Chalmers. Together they did a 広大な／多数の／重要な work for New Guinea and civilization. There is a stained glass window in memory of 法律s in Trinity Congregational Church, Reading.

J. King, W. G. 法律s of Savage Island and New Guinea; R. Lovett, James Chalmers, His Autobiography and Letters; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 7 August 1907; The Daily Telegraph, Sydney, 7 August 1907.

LAWSON, ABERCROMBIE ANSTRUTHER (c. 1871-1927), botanist,

fourth son of William Lawson, was born in Fife, Scotland, in or about the year 1871. He went to Glasgow University as a 医療の student, became 利益／興味d in botany, and left Glasgow to continue his 熟考する／考慮するs at the university of Berkeley, California. He 卒業生（する）d M.Sc. in 1893, and became an 指導者 in botany. He was a member of a 科学の 探検隊／遠征隊 to the Aleutian Islands, and later made その上の 熟考する／考慮するs at Stanford and Chicago universities in the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs of America, and at Bonn in Germany. In 1907 he was 任命するd a lecturer in botany at the university of Glasgow. He carried out his 公式の／役人 work there with success, and 存在 許すd some time for 研究, he worked on the Pollen-mother 独房s of Coboea and of Gladiolus, which with some earlier work on spindle-形式, led to the "Memoirs on Synapsis, 核の Osmosis and 染色体 削減", which appeared in the 処理／取引s of the 王室の Society of Edinburgh in 1911-12. In 1912 he was 任命するd the first professor of botany at the university of Sydney, and there he 徐々に built up a 広大な／多数の／重要な botanical school in which both teaching and 研究 were vigorously carried on. His 早期に years in Sydney were of necessity 大部分は given up to the organization of the school, and 近づく the の近くに of his life the 詳細（に述べる）s of the new botanical building 占領するd much of his time. But in between he was able to do 価値のある 研究 work on the Australian flora. An important 出資／貢献 to the knowledge of the Gymnosperms, "The Life-History of Bowenia a genus of Cycads endemic in Australasia", was published in 1926 in the 処理／取引s of the 王室の Society of Edinburgh. Lawson had ーするつもりであるd to have gathered together his results in a 集団の／共同の work upon the Coniferales, but he died に引き続いて an 操作／手術 on 26 March 1927, at the comparatively 早期に age of 55. He was elected a fellow of the 王室の Society of Edinburgh in 1910 and was also awarded its Makdougall-Brisbane prize. Adelaide gave him the 名誉として与えられる degree of D.Sc. in 1926, and he was a selected 候補者 for the fellowship of the 王室の Society, London, at the time of his death. It was not possible under the 法令s of the society to 確認する this 選挙.

Lawson was of a somewhat reserved nature but he was 本人自身で much liked. Much of his 研究 work was 詳細（に述べる）d and analytic rather than 建設的な, but it was excellent within its 限界s. With his school 堅固に 設立するd and in a beautiful new building, much 価値のある work might have been 推定する／予想するd from him had he been given the normal （期間が）わたる of life.

F. O. Bower, 訴訟／進行s of the 王室の Society of Edinburgh, 1926-7, p. 374; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 28 March 1927; Who's Who, 1926; Nature, vol. CXIX, pp. 509 and 753; 訴訟／進行s of the 王室の Society of London, ser. A, vol. 117, p. 305; Calendar of the University of Sydney, 1928, p. 857.

LAWSON, HENRY (1867-1922), short story writer and poet, [ also 言及する to Henry LAWSON page at 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia]

was born in a テント 近づく Grenfell, New South むちの跡s, on 17 June 1867. His birth is 公式に 登録（する）d as Henry Lawson, but his 指名する has いつかs been given as Henry Herzberg Lawson, いつかs as Henry Archibald Lawson. In his 調書をとる／予約するs it appears 簡単に as Henry, and his usual practice was to 調印する his 指名する in that form. His father, Peter Hertzberg Larsen, was a Norwegian sailor, a 井戸／弁護士席-知らせるd and educated man, who had much 評価 of the poetry of the Old Testament, but had no faculty for 令状ing. As it was known that Lawson's father's second 指名する was Hertzberg it has been 示唆するd that Archibald may have been a mistake for Hertzberg made at Henry's christening, but there appears to be no 証拠 that he was ever baptized. His father, having tried his fortunes on さまざまな goldfields, （機の）カム to Pipeclay, now Eurunderee, New South むちの跡s, and there met Louisa Albury (1848-1920), daughter of Henry Albury, a 木材／素質-getter. He married her on 7 July 1866, 存在 then 32 years of age and his wife 18. She was to become a remarkable woman, who, after 後部ing a family, took a 目だつ part in the women's movements, and edited a women's paper called 夜明け which lasted from May 1888 to July 1905. She published her son's first 容積／容量, and about the year 1904 brought out a 容積／容量 of her own, Dert and Do, a simple story of about 18,000 words. In 1905 she collected and published her own 詩（を作る）s, The Lonely Crossing and other Poems, the work in which is of more than 普通の／平均（する） 質. She died on 12 August 1920, a woman of unusual character and ability, who probably 演習d a strong 影響（力） on her son's literary work in its earliest days. Lawson believed that through his mother he 相続するd gypsy 血, but there is no 証拠 for this.

Peter Larsen was working at the diggings 近づく Grenfell when Henry their first child was born, and 明らかに the family took the 指名する of Lawson when Henry's birth was 登録（する）d. The family soon returned to Eurunderee where the father took up a 選択. The land was poor and little could be done with it, and as Henry grew up, like so many other bush children, he helped in the work; but, as he said in his autobiography, he "had no heart in it; perhaps I realized by instinct that the 事例／患者 was hopeless". Probably the 緊張する of the hard life was partly 責任がある his parents' married life becoming unhappy, but in the interview with Mrs Lawson, 記録，記録的な／記録するd on the Red Page of the 公式発表 on 24 October 1896, she showed herself as a masterful woman with a strong prejudice against men in general, and one feels when reading it that even as a young woman she would probably have been difficult to live with. This is 確認するd by 私的な （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） from a 親族 of Mrs Lawson still alive at the time of 令状ing. But the unhappiness of the family life re-行為／法令／行動するd on the child, and in his autobiography at the Mitchell library, Lawson said his home life "was miserably unhappy", and though he goes on to say, "there was no one to 非難する". the sketch in Triangles of Life, "A Child in the Dark and a Foreign Father", was in all probability 設立するd on his own experience.

In 1876 a little school was opened at Eurunderee and on 2 October 1876 Lawson became a pupil. It was about this time that he began to be deaf, but his master John Tierney was 肉親，親類d and appears to have done his best for the shy 極度の慎重さを要する boy. Later on he went to a Roman カトリック教徒 school at Mudgee about five miles away. Here again the master, a Mr Kevan, was good to Lawson and would いつかs talk to him about poetry. The boy was 刻々と reading Dickens and Marryat and such novels as 強盗 under 武器 and For the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of his Natural Life, when they appeared as serials. An aunt gave him a 容積／容量 of stories by Bret Harte which fascinated him and introduced him to a new world. These 調書をとる／予約するs no 疑問 helped to educate him for 令状ing, for handicapped by his deafness he could learn little at school, he was no good at arithmetic, and never learned to （一定の）期間.

When Henry was about 14 he left school and began working with his father who had got the 契約 to build a school at Canadian Lead. His childhood was now at an end. He had lived in poor country, where the selectors slaved for a wretched living, and his experiences were to colour the whole of his その後の literary work. Some time after this his parents agreed to separate, the exact time is uncertain, but in 1884 Mrs Lawson and her family were living in Sydney. The house, however, seems to have been taken in the father's 指名する as he appears in the Sydney Directory for both 1885 and 1886 as Peter Lawson, 建設業者, 138 Phillip Street. Henry worked as a painter and at 17 years of age was 収入 thirty shillings a week. Though his hours were long he also worked at a night school, and twice entered for public examinations at the university of Sydney without success. He paid for his night-schooling himself, and when about 20 years old went to Melbourne and …に出席するd the 注目する，もくろむ and ear hospital there. But nothing could be done for him and he returned to Sydney. There he worked as a painter at the low 給料 of the time, saw something of the slums and how the poor lived, and "wished that he could 令状". He was working as a coach-painter's improver at five shillings a day when in June 1887 the 公式発表 printed four lines of a poem he had submitted and advised him to "try again". In October his "Song of the 共和国" was published in the 公式発表, and in the Christmas number two poems "Golden Gully" and "The 難破させる of the Derry 城" appeared. Lawson has told us with what excitement he opened this 公式発表 and 設立する his poems. Prefixed to the second was an 編集（者）の 公式文書，認める:--"In publishing the subjoined 詩（を作る）s we take 楽しみ in 明言する／公表するing that the writer is a boy of 17 years, a young Australian, who has as yet had an imperfect education and is 収入 his living under some difficulties as a housepainter, a 青年 whose poetic genius here speaks eloquently for itself." Lawson was then 20 years of age, not 17, but the editor showed remarkable prescience in 認めるing the poet's ability so 早期に. Lawson's first story, "His Father's Mate", was published in the 公式発表 for 22 December 1888 大いに to the pride of his father, who, however, died a few days later 老年の 54. Lawson in his autobiography said of him: "I don't believe that a kinder man in trouble, or a gentler nurse in sickness ever breathed. I've known him to work hard all day and then sit up all night by a 隣人's sick child." Though Lawson may have 相続するd his capacity for 令状ing from his mother, he probably 借りがあるd the love of humanity that illumines all his work to his father.

Lawson went to Albany, Western Australia, in 1889, but 設立する 条件s no better there, and was in Sydney again for most of 1890. He then 得るd a position on the Brisbane Boomerang at ｣2 a week, but the paper stopped about six months later, and Lawson was 支援する in Sydney again working at his 貿易（する） for the usual low 給料, 令状ing a good 取引，協定 for the socialistic 圧力（をかける）, as a 支配する without 支払う／賃金, and getting an 時折の guinea from the 公式発表 and smaller sums from Truth. In 1892 he did some 令状ing for the Sydney 労働者 at twelve and sixpence a column, and about the end of that year went by train to western New South むちの跡s and carried his swag for six months doing 半端物 職業s. Much of his experience of this period was afterwards 含むd in his writings. に向かって the end of 1893 Lawson landed in Wellington, New Zealand, with one 続けざまに猛撃する in his pocket, worked in a sawmill for a short period, and tried his 手渡す at a variety of 仕事s. He then 設立する his way to Sydney again hoping to get work on the Daily 労働者, which, however, had stopped 出版（物） before he arrived. In 1894 his Short Stories in Prose and 詩（を作る） was published by his mother, a 貧しく-printed little 容積／容量 of 96 pages, which was favourably received but brought in little money. He had made a life-long friend in J. Le Gay Brereton (q.v.), who had been introduced to him by Mary Gilmore, and other friends of his 早期に literary days were 勝利者 Daley (q.v.), E. J. Brady, and F. J. Broomfield. In April 1896, while In the Days When the World was Wide was in the 圧力（をかける）, he married Bertha Marie Louise Bredt, and soon afterwards took her to Western Australia. In August While the Billy Boils, a collection of his short stories mostly from the 公式発表, was published, and when Lawson returned to Sydney from Western Australia すぐに afterwards, he 設立する that both of his 調書をとる／予約するs had been cordially received by the critics and were selling 井戸／弁護士席. He next went to New Zealand, where he and his wife were for a time in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of a Maori school. There he met Bland Holt (q.v.) the 井戸／弁護士席-known actor, who 示唆するd that he should 令状 a play. The play was written though Lawson had no knowledge of the technique of play-令状ing. Holt gave him an 前進する against it, and took it away hoping he might knock it into 形態／調整, but nothing more was heard of it. In January 1899 an article by Lawson appeared in the 公式発表 which 明言する／公表するd that in 12 years he 概算の that he had made a total of about ｣700 by his writings. This 含むd the 領収書s from his first three 調書をとる／予約するs. He had returned to Sydney and made a new friend in the 知事 of New South むちの跡s, Earl Beauchamp, who gave him the 財政上の help that enabled him to go to England with his wife and two young children. They sailed from Sydney on 20 April 1900. In the same year his 詩（を作る）s Popular and Humorous, and a collection of prose stories On the 跡をつける and Over the Sliprails, were both published at Sydney.

Though it was not 平易な for either Lawson or his wife to fit themselves into the 従来の pattern of the England of 1900, for a time everything went 井戸／弁護士席. Blackwood and Sons took two 調書をとる／予約するs of prose for 出版（物）, The Country I （機の）カム From and Joe Wilson and his Mates, both of which appeared in 1901. Methuen and Company also took a 調書をとる／予約する made up of prose and 詩（を作る）, Children of the Bush, which was published in 1902. Lawson stuck closely to his work at first, but for some time drink had been a 誘惑 to him, and he began to have trouble with it again. His wife had a serious illness, both 設立する the long winter months very trying, and both pined for the 日光 of Australia. They were glad to return to a little cottage at Manly before the end of 1902. But difficulties arose between husband and wife and they agreed to part. An account of their 協会, written by Mrs Lawson without rancour and with understanding of Lawson's temperament, will be 設立する in Henry Lawson by his Mates.

At 35 years of age most of Lawson's best work was done. When I was King and other 詩（を作る）s was published in 1905, The Rising of the 法廷，裁判所 and other Sketches in Prose and 詩（を作る）, and The Skyline Riders and other 詩（を作る）s in 1910, Triangles of Life and Other Stories, and For Australia and other Poems in 1913. My Army, O, My Army! was published in 1915, and reissued in England under the 肩書を与える of Song of the Dardanelles and other 詩（を作る）s in 1916. さまざまな minor 作品, reprints, 選択s, and collected 版s will be 設立する 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）d in Miller's Australian Literature and Serle's Bibliography of Australasian Poetry and 詩（を作る）. Lawson lived mostly in Sydney, but had a happy holiday in 1910 with his friend, T. D. Mutch, at the home of another friend, E. J. Brady, at Mallacoota, Victoria, and in 1917 Bertram Stevens (q.v.) and other friends arranged a deputation to the 首相, W. A. Holman (q.v.), which resulted in Lawson 存在 given a position at Leeton on the Yanco irrigation 解決／入植地. Lawson 述べるd it as the driest place he had ever been to, but his health 改善するd very much while he was there. On his return to Sydney he 逆戻りするd to his old habits, and became a rather pathetic though lovable 人物／姿／数字 in the streets of Sydney. He was only a 影をつくる／尾行する of his former self when he died on 2 September 1922. He was 生き残るd by his wife, a son and a daughter. He had a small allowance from his publishers and a small literary 年金. That he did not 欠如（する） friends may be gathered from the 容積／容量 Henry Lawson by his Mates published nine years after his death. He was given a 明言する／公表する funeral. A portrait by Longstaff (q.v.) is at the 国家の gallery, Sydney, and there is a monument by Lambert (q.v.) in Hyde Park, Sydney, 築くd by public subscription.

Lawson was tall, spare, good looking in his 青年, with remarkable 注目する，もくろむs. He was shy, diffident and very 極度の慎重さを要する, with 広大な／多数の／重要な 力／強力にするs of attracting friends to him. A 納得させるd 社会主義者 as a young man, he was always passionately 関心d about the under dog. There has been much discussion about his place as a poet, and opinions have 範囲d between those of people who consider him to be no more than a mere 詩（を作る）-writer, and those who speak of him as "Australia's greatest poet". The truth lies between these extremes. No one can surely 否定する the 肩書を与える of poet to the author of "The Sliprails and the 刺激（する）", "Past Carin'", passages in "The 星／主役にする of Australasia", "The Drover's Sweetheart" and that pathetic little poem of his later days "Scots of the Riverina". But a large 割合 of his poetry is 単に good popular 詩（を作る）. However, every writer is 正当化するd in 存在 裁判官d by his best work, and in virtue of his best work Lawson is a poet. There is no difficulty about his position as a prose-writer. His short stories are 事実上 all based on his own experience, and that a 割合 of them are 暗い／優うつな should give no surprise to anyone familiar with the struggling lives of the men on the land in Lawson's 青年. He had had little education, and no 疑問 his earliest 成果／努力s were sub-edited to some extent by Archibald and others. But fundamentally he was an artist, and his 絶対の 誠実 and sympathy with his fellows counted for much. He had a 静かな sense of humour, his pathos （機の）カム straight from the heart, his gift of narration is unfailing. The combination of these 質s has given him the 真っ先の place in Australian literature as a writer of short stories.

"Henry Lawson's 早期に Days", The 孤独な 手渡す, March 1908; The 公式発表, 21 January 1899, Geo. G. Reeve, Windsor and Richmond Gazette, 4 December 1931; Peter J. Lawson, ibid, 5 October 1928; Ed. by G. Mackaness, introduction to A 選択 from the Prose 作品 of Henry Lawson, 1930; Henry Lawson, by his Mates; J. Le Gay Brereton, Knocking 一連の会議、交渉／完成する; E. Morris Miller, Australian Literature; H. M. Green, An 輪郭（を描く） of Australian Literature; T. S. Browning, Henry Lawson Memories; D. McKee Wright, preface, Selected Poems of Henry Lawson; A. G. Stephens, Art in Australia, third series, No. 2; F. J. Broomfield, Henry Lawson and His Critics; Bertha Lawson, My Henry Lawson; 私的な （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）.

LAWSON, WILLIAM (1774-1850), explorer, [ also 言及する to William LAWSON page at 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia]

was born in 1774 and （機の）カム to Sydney, an ensign in the New South むちの跡s 軍団, in 1800. He was 駅／配置するd at Norfolk Island between 1802 and 1805, was 促進するd to 中尉／大尉／警部補 in 1807, and at the time of the deposition of Bligh (q.v.) was made 補佐官-de-（軍の）野営地，陣営 to Major George Johnston (q.v.). He was sent to England at the time of Johnston's 法廷，裁判所-戦争の, but was soon 許すd to return to Sydney and （問題を）取り上げる his 軍の 義務s again. In May 1813 with G. Blaxland (q.v.) and W. Wentworth (q.v.) he 株d in the 発見 of a way across the Blue Mountains, a remarkable feat at the time, which had 広大な／多数の／重要な consequences. Lawson was rewarded with a 認める of 1000 acres of land, and he subsequently became one of the largest 支えるもの／所有者s of land in Australia. He was made a 治安判事 and was 任命するd commandant at Newcastle, and in 1819 took up the same position at Bathurst. He did some 調査するing in 1821 and was the first to pass over the 場所／位置 of Mudgee. In 1835, he was then living at Prospect, he was in the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of persons 提案するd for 選択 as 指名された人 members of the 法律を制定する 会議, but was not one of those selected. He was, however, one of the first elected members of the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1843, and held his seat until 1848. He died at Prospect on 16 June 1850. He married and left 子孫s. There appears to be no 証拠 of importance for the suggestion that has been made, that Lawson was the real leader of the 探検隊／遠征隊 across the mountains.

Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. III, VI, VIII, X, XI, XIII, XVIII, XXIII, XXIV; 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vols. XIX, p. 35, XXIII, p. 28, XXIV, pp. 246, 478; G. Blaxland, A 定期刊行物 of a 小旅行する of 発見.

LEA, ARTHUR MILLS (1868-1932), entomologist,

was born at Sydney on 10 August 1868. He worked first for a 会社／堅い of 借り切る／憲章d accountants at Sydney but, having taken up entomology as a hobby, he joined the department of 農業, New South むちの跡s, in 1892 as assistant entomologist, and in 1895 was 任命するd 政府 entomologist of Western Australia. In 1899 he transferred to a 類似の position in Tasmania, and did useful 研究 work in connexion with the insect pests of fruit. He joined the South Australian museum as entomologist in 1911, and during his 21 years at the museum made his department a most important one. It was in a 比較して poor 条件 when he took it over, but it was built up until there were more than 1,000,000 見本／標本s in its 閣僚s. He lectured on forest entomology to students of the university of Adelaide, and on a variety of 支配するs to societies and 科学の 団体／死体s. 調査s from other 明言する／公表するs were frequently referred to him. He carried out an 広範囲にわたる 調査 into insect pests in 1918-19 when the wheat 蓄える／店d in Australia on account of the war was 存在 destroyed by weevils, and in 1924 spent a year in Queensland, Thursday Island, and the East Indies, 熟考する／考慮するing methods of controlling the coconut moth, which was 脅すing the copra 産業 in Fiji. He 設立する that a Trachinid 飛行機で行く was controlling a 類似の pest in Malaya and Java, which was brought to Fiji with successful results. Lea encouraged 私的な 労働者s in his field, and 行為／行うd a large correspondence 取引，協定ing with 見本／標本s submitted, and 調査s made by 農業者s. In 新規加入 he was a prolific writer of papers, no より小数の than 43 of these were printed in the 処理／取引s of the 王室の Society of South Australia. He 専攻するd on the Coleoptera, and his papers on them were a 価値のある 出資／貢献 to the knowledge of the order. Several of these were published by the Entomological Society of London, and some of his work was printed in Sweden, Germany and Belgium. He gave much time to 述べるing new 種類 of insects, and at the time of his death had 述べるd nearly 5500. He died suddenly at Adelaide on 29 February 1932 leaving a 未亡人 and three daughters. He was a fellow of the Linnean Society of New South むちの跡s, of the 王室の Society of South Australia, of the Entomological Society of London, and was also a member of several other 科学の societies.

Lea was a 完全に amiable man of the finest character, and an untiring 労働者. A bibliography of his papers 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）ing 281 items will be 設立する in 記録，記録的な／記録するs of the South Australian Museum, vol. IV, No. 4. These alone are a remarkable 記録，記録的な／記録する as the work of one man. But apart from his papers Lea did most 価値のある practical work in relation to the 支配（する）／統制する of pests both in Tasmania and South Australia.

H. M. Hale, Obituary and Bibliography of A. M. Lea; 記録，記録的な／記録するs of the South Australian Museum, vol. IV, No. 4, 1932; 処理／取引s of the 王室の Society of South Australia, vol. LVI, p. 1; F. Erasmus Wilson, The Victorian Naturalist, May 1932, p. 15; The Advertiser, Adelaide, 1 March 1932; The Entomologists' 月毎の Magazine, vol. LXVIII, p. 119; A. Musgrave, Bibliography of Australian Entomology (含むs over 230 papers by Lea); The Australian Museum Magazine, 16 April 1932, p. 342.

LEACH, JOHN ALBERT (1870-1929), ornithologist,

son of W. Leach, was born at Ballarat on 19 March 1870. He was educated at the Creswick grammar school and the university of Melbourne, where he 卒業生（する）d B.Sc. and subsequently 伸び（る）d his 博士号 for 研究 in ornithology. Joining the education department he was a teacher for some time at schools in Gippsland where he began his 熟考する／考慮する of bird life. He became an 視察官 of schools and に向かって the end of his life was assistant 長，指導者 視察官 of 最初の／主要な schools. He published in 1911 An Australian Bird 調書をとる／予約する, a most useful handbook with many illustrations in colour. This went into a seventh 改訂するd and 大きくするd 版 in 1929. In 1922 he brought out Australian Nature 熟考する／考慮するs, a 調書をとる／予約する which has been of the greatest use to 組織者s of nature 熟考する／考慮する throughout Australia. He was also part author of a 一連の 連邦の 地理学 調書をとる／予約するs, and did much work on the 公式の／役人 Checklist of the Birds of Australia second and 改訂するd 版 published by the 王室の Australasian Ornithologists' Union in September 1926. He was editor of the Emu for many years and also published a few 小冊子s on nature 熟考する／考慮する. He had two 調書をとる／予約するs in 準備 on Australian natural history when he died at Melbourne on 3 October 1929. He married Emily Lamert Gillman, who 生き残るd him with a son and two daughters.

Leach was hard-working and conscientious, was a 主要な 当局 on Australian ornithology, and had 広大な／多数の／重要な 影響（力） on the spread of nature 熟考する／考慮する in Australia through his 調書をとる／予約するs and as a 放送者.

R. H. Croll and Brooke Nicholls, The Emu, vol. XXIX, pp. 230-3; The Education Gazette, 22 October 1929, p. 262; The Argus and The Age, Melbourne, 4 October 1929.

LEAKE, GEORGE (1856-1902), 首相 of Western Australia,

a member of a 井戸／弁護士席-known Western Australian family, was born at Perth in 1856. His grandfather, George 漏れる, （機の）カム to Perth with the 開拓するs in 1829, and was chairman of directors of the Bank of Western Australia when it was 設立するd in 1837. His uncle Sir Luke Samuel 漏れる (1828-86), became a member of the 法律を制定する 会議 and was its （衆議院の）議長 from 1870 until 1886, and his father, George 塀で囲む 漏れる (1826-95), also had a distinguished career. He became 栄冠を与える solicitor in 1860, 事実上の／代理 弁護士／代理人／検事-general and a member of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある and 法律を制定する 会議s, 1879-80, and police 治安判事 in 1881. On occasions he was 事実上の／代理 puisne 裁判官 and 事実上の／代理 裁判長. He was 指名するd to the new 法律を制定する 会議 in 1890 and died in 1895. George 漏れる was educated at the Bishop's boys' school at Perth and at St Peter's College, Adelaide. He 熟考する／考慮するd 法律, was 認める to the Western Australian 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 in 1880, and three years later became 栄冠を与える solicitor. He was elected 反対者のない for Roebourne as a member of the 法律を制定する 議会 in 1890 and was 申し込む／申し出d a position in the 省 formed by Forrest (q.v.). 漏れる, however, 拒絶する／低下するd this and すぐに afterwards 辞職するd his seat. In June 1894 he was elected for Albany and in the に引き続いて year was elected leader of the 対立. He was a leader in the 連邦の movement, was 大統領，／社長 of the 連邦の league of Western Australia, and 代表するd that 植民地 at the 1897 連邦の 条約. He became a Q.C. in 1898. In 1900 he 辞職するd his seat and paid a visit to Europe. After his return he was elected a member of the 法律を制定する 議会 in April 1901, and on 27 May became 首相 and 弁護士／代理人／検事-general. He was 敗北・負かすd in November but the 後継するing 省 lasted only four weeks and 漏れる again became 首相. In the に引き続いて June he 契約d 肺炎 and died while still a comparatively young man on 24 June 1902. He married in 1881 the eldest daughter of Sir A. P. Burt (q.v.), who 生き残るd him with sons and daughters. The Times, 26 June 1902, 発表するd that it had been the king's 意向 to 会談する the order of C.M.G. on the late Hon. George 漏れる.

漏れる in his 青年 was a good cricketer and sportsman, and later became chairman of the 委員会 of the Western Australian Turf Club. He was immensely popular as a 政治家，政治屋 and showed good 審議ing 力／強力にするs. He 階級d high の中で the men of his time, but his 早期に death put an end to what would probably have been a very distinguished career.

P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography; Who's Who, 1902; H, Colebatch, A Story of a Hundred Years, p. 458; The West Australian, 25 and 27 June 1902; The Times, 26 June 1902.

LEDGER, CHARLES (1818-1906), 公式文書，認めるd for his work in connexion with quinine,

was born at London on 4 March 1818. After leaving school he went to South America and in 1836 was a clerk in a British merchant's office at Lima. He became an 専門家 in alpaca wool, and in 1842 began 商売／仕事 as a 売買業者 in South American 製品s. In 1847 he was grazing sheep and cattle half-way between Tacna and La Paz, and in 1852 went to Sydney to 問い合わせ into the 可能性 of introducing the alpaca into Australia. He returned to South America and by 1859 had brought several hundred alpacas to Sydney. This was a 危険な and difficult 商売／仕事 as the 輸出（する） of alpacas was forbidden. Ledger was paid ｣15,000 for his alpacas and given a position in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of them. The 試みる／企てる to acclimatize them in Australia was a 失敗, but Ledger was not to 非難する for this. He returned to South America in 1863 and turned his attention to another problem. The cinchona tree, the bark of which 産する／生じるs quinine, grew in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, but no one was 許すd to 輸出（する） either trees or seeds. The trees were 存在 wastefully 削減（する） 負かす／撃墜する without 存在 取って代わるd, and there was some danger that they might become extinct. Some seeds and 工場／植物s had been introduced into Europe and Asia by Weddell in 1848, and Sir Clements R. Markham. went later to Peru, and Bolivia, and 後継するd in acclimatizing trees in Asia and the Dutch East Indies. Ledger, however, 設立する a better variety, now known as Cinchona Callsaya Ledgeriana, and in 1865 under 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulties collected several 続けざまに猛撃するs of seed. For his 株 in this work Ledger's servant, an Indian 指名するd Manuel, was 逮捕（する）d in Bolivia and so 厳しく beaten that he died. The seed was sent to London where some of it was 購入（する）d by the Dutch 政府. Seeds were also sent to India and Queensland but the trees do not appear to have been grown in Australia. In 1883 Ledger went to Sydney again and in 1884 took a farm some 20 Miles from Goulburn. Losing his 貯金 in the bank 失敗s of the 早期に 1890s, 成果／努力s were made by Sir Clements Markham and others to 得る some 準備／条項 for Ledger from the Indian and Dutch 政府s. This was at first 辞退するd, but in 1897 on Ledger's seventy-ninth birthday, he received news that the Dutch 政府 had 認めるd him an annuity of ｣100 a year. He died nine years after in 1906.

Ledger did a 広大な／多数の／重要な service to the world, as millions of cinchona trees grown in India and Java sprang 初めは from his seeds. By 1900 two-thirds of the world's 供給（する） of quinine （機の）カム from Java, and over 40 years later the Ledger types of cinchona were still the best quinine yielders (Harper's Magazine, August 1943, p. 278).

A. C. Wootton, Chronicles of Pharmacy, vol. II; The 化学者／薬剤師 and Druggist, 23 March, 6 April, 27 July 1895; Nature, 12 July 1941, p. 43; 議会's Encyclopaedia under Cinchona; Norman Taylor, Cinchona in Java; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 9 and 13 May 1859.

LEEPER, ALEXANDER (1848-1934), educationist,

son of the Rev. Alexander Leeper, canon of St Patrick's cathedral Dublin, was born on 3 June 1848. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he 卒業生（する）d B.A. in 1871 an M.A. in 1875, and Oxford university where he took a first class in classics in 1874. He （機の）カム to Victoria in 1875 as classical master for the Melbourne Church of England grammar school but in the に引き続いて year was made 主要な／長／主犯 of Trinity College at the university of Melbourne. The 肩書を与える of his office was afterwards changed to warden. He was not 完全に successful from the beginning, at one 行う／開催する／段階 there was a 反乱 which ended in the 追放 of several students, but it became 認めるd that Leeper was 充てるd to the college, which he controlled with success for the 残りの人，物 of his 42 years of office. He also took an important 株 in the 管理／経営 of the university as a member of the 会議 from 1880 to 1887 and 1900 to 1923. He 辞職するd his position as warden of Trinity in 1918, but continued to be a 目だつ 人物／姿／数字 in Melbourne for many years longer as a member of the 会議 of education, as a lay canon of St Paul's cathedral, and as a trustee of the public library, museums and 国家の gallery of Victoria of which he was 大統領，／社長 from 1920 to 1928. He was also a 主要な spirit in the Shakespeare Society and the Classical 協会. He was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 闘士，戦闘機 on the North of Ireland 味方する in all 論争s relating to Irish questions. He died at Melbourne on 6 August 1934. An excellent portrait by John Longstaff (q.v.) is in the 国家の gallery at Melbourne.

Leeper was a man of strong personality and 軍隊 of character, who did 価値のある work. He was a sound classical scholar, but beyond some lectures and 小冊子s his only 出版（物） was his translation of Thirteen Satires of Juvenal, 初めは 用意が出来ている in 合同 with H. A. Strong (q.v.) in 1882, but afterwards 改訂するd and 問題／発行するd under his own 指名する. Trinity College, Dublin, gave him the degree of LL.D. The first Latin play and the first Greek 悲劇 to be 成し遂げるd in Australia were produced under his direction at Trinity College, Melbourne. Five of his students became bishops in the Anglican Church, J. Stretch and G. M. Long (q.v.) (Newcastle), R. Stephen (Hobart), T. H. Armstrong (Wangaratta) and W. C. Sadlier (Nelson, N.Z.). He was married twice (1) to Adeline Marian, daughter of Sir George Wigram Allen and (2) to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of F. G. Moule, who 生き残るd him with three sons and four daughters. Two of the sons had distinguished careers. The 年上の, Alexander Wigram Allen Leeper (1887-1935), born at Melbourne, educated at Melbourne grammar school, the university of Melbourne and at Oxford, 結局 entered the British Foreign Office and rose to be first 長官 at H.M. 公使館 at Vienna 1924-8, and counsellor 1933. He broke 負かす／撃墜する under the 緊張する of his work in 1934 and died in January 1935. He had nearly 完全にするd A History of 中世 Austria which was published by the Oxford University 圧力（をかける） in 1941. His next brother, Reginald Wildig Allen Leeper, born at Sydney in 1888, and educated at Melbourne grammar school and the universities of Melbourne and Oxford, also entered the 外務省 and 外交の service. He was first 長官 at Warsaw, 1923-4; Riga, 1924; Constantinople, 1925; Warsaw, 1927-9; counsellor, 1933; C.M.G., 1936; assistant under-長官, 1940; 外交官／大使 at the 法廷，裁判所 of the King of the Hellenes, 1943; K.C.M.G. 1945; 外交官／大使 to Argentine 共和国, 1946.

The Argus and The Age, Melbourne, 6 August 1934; Sir Ernest Scott, History of the University of Melbourne; E. La T. Armstrong and R. D. Boys, 調書をとる／予約する of the Public Library, 1906-31; Who's Who in Australia, 1933; Who's Who, 1934, 1947; personal knowledge.

LEES, HARRINGTON CLARE (1870-1929), Anglican 大司教 of Melbourne,

eldest son of William 物陰／風下s, J.P., Ashton-under-Lyne, England, and his wife, Emma, daughter of William Clare, M.D., was born on 17 March 1870. He was educated at the Leys School and St John's College, Cambridge, where he 卒業生（する）d B.A. with a second class in the theological tripos in 1892, and M.A. in 1896. He was 任命するd 助祭 in 1893, priest in 1894, and was a curate at Reading, chaplain at Turin and curate at Childwall, until in 1900 he became vicar of St John's, Kenilworth. Seven years later he became vicar of Christ Church, Beckenham, and in 1919 vicar of Swansea. In this year he was 申し込む／申し出d the bishopric of Bendigo but 辞退するd it. In August 1921 he was 任命するd 大司教 of Melbourne, was consecrated at St Paul's cathedral, London, on 14 August 1921, and enthroned at St Paul's, Melbourne, on 15 February 1922.

物陰／風下s soon showed himself to be a vigorous 労働者 and a good preacher. He was at Melbourne for いっそう少なく than seven years before he died, but his episcopate was 示すd by the 請け負うing of the 完成 of St Paul's cathedral, and by a 広大な／多数の／重要な 増加する in the social work of the church; more 特に in connexion with the さまざまな homes 行為／行うd by the 使節団 of St James and St John, and the Church of England 解放する／自由な 幼稚園s. He visited England in 1928 and died suddenly at Melbourne on 10 January 1929. He married (1) Winifred May, daughter of the Rev. J. M. Cranswick, and (2) Joanna Mary, daughter of Herbert Linnell. He had no children. His published 作品 含む: St Paul's Epistles to Thessalonica (1905), The Work of 証言，証人／目撃する and the 約束 of 力／強力にする (1908), The Joy of Bible 熟考する／考慮する (1909), The King's 主要道路 (1910), St Paul and his 変えるs (1910), third impression (1916), Christ and his Slaves (1911), The 日光 of the Good News (1912), The Divine Master in Home Life (1915) The Practice of the Love of Christ (1915), The 注目する，もくろむs of his Glory (1916), St Paul's Friends (1917), The Love that 中止するs to Calculate (1918), God's Garden and Ours (1918), 失敗 and 回復 (1919), The Starting Place of Victory (1919). He was also a contributor to Hasting's A Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels. His portrait by Longstaff (q.v.) is in the 一時期／支部 house at Melbourne.

物陰／風下s never spared himself and overwork was a 与える／捧げるing 原因（となる） of his comparatively 早期に death. He had 有望な personality and was much like by everyone, whether in an 産業の parish like Swansea or as 大司教 of Melbourne. At 教会会議 he was an excellent chairman, speaking little himself, but giving his 判決，裁定s with 決定／判定勝ち（する）. In the evangelistic tradition of the diocese, he belonged to no party and his ability, humanity and 幅の広い 見通し, made him an excellent leader of his church.

The Argus, Melbourne, 11 and 14 January 1929; The Age, 11 January 1929; The Church of England Messenger, 25 January 1929; Crockford 1929; English 目録; Year-調書をとる／予約するs of the Diocese of Melbourne, 1922-9.

LEE-STEERE, SIR JAMES GEORGE (1830-1903), （衆議院の）議長 法律を制定する 議会, Western Australia,

was born at Ockley, Surrey, England, on 4 July 1830. His father was a 主要な 居住（者） and landed proprietor in the 郡. After 存在 educated at Clapham grammar school, 物陰／風下-Steere became a midshipman in the merchant service and was at sea for 15 years. His last position was 指揮官 of the Devonshire, 井戸／弁護士席-known East Indiaman. 早期に in 1860 he emigrated to Western Australia and 賃貸し（する）d 100,000 acres of land in the southern part of the 植民地. In 1867 he was one of the first elected members of the 法律を制定する 会議, won his seat again in 1870, and was then chosen leader of the elected members. In 1880 he lost his seat by one 投票（する） but almost すぐに became a 指名された人 member. He was made a member of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 in 1884 and two years later was elected （衆議院の）議長. In 1890 he was elected a member of the 法律を制定する 議会 under responsible 政府 and was 全員一致で elected （衆議院の）議長. He held this position for the 残りの人，物 of his life. He 代表するd Western Australia at the 連邦の 条約s of 1891 and 1897, and was a member of the 憲法の 委員会 on each occasion. He died at Perth on 1 December 1903. He married in 1859 Catherine Anne 漏れる who 生き残るd him with a large family of sons and daughters. He was knighted in 1888, and created K.C.M.G. in 1900.

物陰／風下-Steere was an able, upright and hardworking member of the community. A good 憲法の 当局 and an able （衆議院の）議長 he was held in 広大な／多数の／重要な 尊敬（する）・点 by all parties in the house and by the public 一般に.

The West Australian, 1 and 2 December 1903; Who's Who, 1903; Quick and Garran, The Annotated 憲法 of the Australian 連邦／共和国.

LEFROY, SIR HENRY BRUCE (1854-1930), 首相 of Western Australia,

was born at Perth on 24 March 1854. His father, Anthony O'Grady Lefroy, C.M.G., born in 1818, was 長官 to 知事 Fitzgerald from 1849 to 1853, and 植民地の treasurer of Western Australia from 1856 to 1890 when he retired. He sent his son to Rugby, where he excelled both in his classes and in 運動競技のs, becoming a member of the football fifteen. He 拒絶する／低下するd a university career and returned to his father's 駅／配置する at Walebing, about 100 miles north of Perth, of which he soon became the 経営者／支配人. He was 招待するd to join the Victoria Plains road board, was elected chairman when he was 21 and held the position for 20 years. He entered the 法律を制定する 議会 in 1892 as member for Moore, in May 1897 became 大臣 of education in Forrest's (q.v.) 省, and about a year later 交流d this position for that of 大臣 for 地雷s. On Forrest's 辞職するing in 1901 Lefroy became スパイ／執行官-general for Western Australia at London until 1904. Returning to Australia Lefroy 充てるd himself to his pastoral 利益／興味s for six years. In 1911 he was elected to the 法律を制定する 議会 for his old 選挙区／有権者, and was 大臣 for lands and 農業 in the second Wilson (q.v.) 省 from July 1916 to June 1917. He then became 首相 still 保持するing his old 大臣の地位s. He 辞職するd on 17 April 1919 and was a 私的な member until 1924. His last years were spent in 退職 at Walebing where he died on 19 March 1930. He was married twice (1) to Rose Wittenoom and (2) to Madeleine Walford, who 生き残るd him with three sons by the first marriage and two sons and a daughter by the second. Lefroy was created C.M.G. in 1903 and K.C.M.G. in 1919. He was a kindly, honourable man, belonging to the best type of 無断占拠者, always doing his 義務 as he understood it, and much loved and 尊敬（する）・点d in his 地区 and in 議会.

J. S. Battye, The Cyclopedia of Western Australia; The West Australian, 22 March 1930; Who's Who, 1930.

LEGGE, WILLIAM VINCENT (1840-1918), ornithologist,

son of Robert Vincent Legge, was born at Cullenswood. Tasmania, on 2 September 1840. He was taken to England when a child and educated at Bath, in フラン and Germany, and at the 王室の 軍の 学院, Woolwich. In 1862 he 得るd a （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 in the 王室の 大砲, and, after serving five years in England, was 駅／配置するd with the British 軍隊s at Melbourne. In 1868 he was transferred to Ceylon where he formed a large collection of birds and re-組織するd the museum at Colombo. In 1877 he returned to England and 用意が出来ている his A History of the Birds of Ceylon, 問題／発行するd in three parts between 1878 and 1880. This admirable work of over 1200 pages with 34 plates in colour and some woodcuts became the 基準 調書をとる／予約する on the 支配する and has not since been superseded. In 1883 Legge was 申し込む／申し出d and 受託するd the 命令（する） of the Tasmanian 軍の 軍隊s, and retired from the British army with the 階級 of 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐. His 任命 終結させるd in June 1890, but in 1898 he was again 申し込む／申し出d this position and held it until 1902. During this period he re-組織するd the 軍隊s and 得るd new 大砲 for the defence of the Derwent. He had 与える／捧げるd a "Systematic 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of the Tasmanian Birds" to the 王室の Society of Tasmania in 1886 and 改訂するd this for the 1900-1 容積／容量 of its Papers and 訴訟／進行s. He was 大統領，／社長 of the biology section of the Australasian 協会 for the 進歩 of Science at the 会合 held in New Zealand in 1904, and gave a 価値のある paper on "The Zoogeographical relations of the Ornis of the さまざまな subregions of the 'Australian 地域', with the Geographical 配当 of the 主要な／長／主犯 Genera therein". He died at Cullenswood, Tasmania on 25 March 1918. He was twice married (1) in 1877 to Mrs Alex. Thompson and (2) to 行方不明になる Douglas. Two sons of the first marriage 生き残るd him. He was a Fellow of the Linnean and Zoological Societies, a member of the British Ornithologists Union, and was first 大統領，／社長 of the 王室の Australian Ornithological Union. His first 出資／貢献 to the Ibis was a letter published in 1866, and さまざまな papers were printed during the eighteen seventies. A 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of papers 与える／捧げるd to the 王室の Society of Tasmania will be 設立する at page 142 of its Papers and 訴訟／進行s for 1918. This 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）, however, omits his 改訂するd 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of the birds of Tasmania which will be 設立する on pages 90 to 101 of the Papers and 訴訟／進行s for 1900-1. A part of his collection of Ceylonese birds was 現在のd by him to the natural history museum at South Kensington, and the 残りの人，物 was given to the museum at Hobart.

The Ibis, October 1918, p. 721; The Emu, 1918, p. 77; The 水銀柱，温度計, Hobart, 27 March 1918; Papers and 訴訟／進行s of the 王室の Society of Tasmania, 1918, p. 142.

LEICHHARDT, FRIEDRICH WILHELM LUDWIG (1813-1848), explorer, always known as Ludwig Leichhardt, [ also 言及する to Ludwig LEICHHARDT page at 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia]

was born at Trebatsch, Prussia, on 23 October 1813. His father, Christian Hieronymus Matthias Leichhardt, was an 視察官 of peat-切断機，沿岸警備艇s, who also worked his own small farm. The boy showed ability at school and special 成果／努力s were made to send him to the university of Gottingen. He met there an Englishman, John Nicholson, who introduced him to his brother, William Nicholson. They became 広大な／多数の／重要な friends and afterwards worked together at the university of Berlin, where, it has 一般に been 明言する／公表するd, Leichhardt 卒業生（する）d as a doctor. This, however, has been questioned by A. H. Chisholm (Strange New World, pp. 73-4). Leichhardt went to London in 1837, stayed for some months with William Nicholson at Clifton, was then in London for a period, and in July 1838 went to Paris with Nicholson. During the next three years he lived at his friend's expense in フラン, Switzerland and Italy. In October 1840 he was 予定 for 軍の service in Germany, but did not …に出席する and thus became a 軍の 見捨てる人／脱走兵. Nicholson and he then decided to go to Australia where a brother of the Nicholsons was already 設立するd. William Nicholson, however, changed his mind, but paid Leichhardt's passage and gave him ｣200 with which to start in the new country. He sailed on 1 October 1841 and arrived at Sydney on 14 February 1842, carrying with him a letter of introduction to the surveyor-general, Sir T. L. Mitchell (q.v.).

When Leichhardt 現在のd his 信任状 he 示唆するd that he would like to do 調査するing work. As he was やめる inexperienced Mitchell gave him no 激励. Leichhardt then 適用するd for the position of superintendent of the botanical gardens, again without success. He then had the good fortune to 会合，会う 中尉／大尉／警部補 R. Lynd who was 利益／興味d in science and 招待するd Leichhardt to live with him. Leichhardt gave lectures on botany and 地質学 but nothing more （機の）カム of this. His talent for making friendships was again shown when A. W. Scott, a 豊富な pastoralist, 招待するd him to come to the Newcastle 地区 and stay with him. Two months later Leichhardt went to Glendon 駅／配置する some 50 miles away where Helenus Scott, who was afterwards to become the father of Rose Scott (q.v.), was his host. During these visits Leichhardt did much botanizing but showed no talent as a bushman, he seemed in fact to have little sense of direction. Yet in January 1843 he made a remarkable 旅行 by himself. He went from Glendon in northern New South むちの跡s to Moreton Bay, Queensland, by a 大勝する 600 miles long with 事実上 no 器具／備品; he was afraid of nothing and 後継するd in coming to the end of his 旅行 without 災害. At Moreton Bay he 設立する a German 使節団 to the aborigines, and at once took the 適切な時期 of becoming familiar with the natives of the country he hoped to 調査する. He collected 見本／標本s which were sent to his friend, 中尉／大尉／警部補 Lynd, at Sydney, and made many excursions into the country, one of them taking him as far as Wide Bay 100 miles to the north. He was thinking of returning to Sydney when he met Thomas Archer (q.v.), a young 開拓する who had a run in the Moreton Bay 地区. He stayed with Archer and his brothers for some weeks and learned they were not 満足させるd with their country. Leichhardt agreed to look out for land that was more suitable. There was talk of a 政府 探検隊／遠征隊 to Port Essington on the north coast of Australia, but it was 拒否権d on a question of cost and Leichhardt became 解雇する／砲火／射撃d with the thought that it might be possible to arrange a 私的な 探検隊／遠征隊. He went 支援する to Newcastle and then to Sydney where he was 温かく welcomed by 中尉／大尉／警部補 Lynd. With some 援助 from friends he 組織するd an 探検隊／遠征隊 which left Sydney on 13 August 1844. At Brisbane some 新規加入s were made to the party which then consisted of Leichhardt, James Calvert, who （機の）カム to Australia with him in the same ship, and six other men of whom two were aborigines. P. Hodgson, a young 無断占拠者, and John Gilbert (q.v.), one of Gould's (q.v.), collectors, joined the party later. Jimbour 駅／配置する on the Darling 負かす／撃墜するs was left on 1 October, and about a month later Hodgson and another man were sent 支援する as it was 恐れるd that the 準備／条項s might 証明する insufficient for the whole party. For a long period a course was 始める，決める 一般に in a north-westerly or northerly direction, and に向かって the end of June 1845 when approaching the 湾 of Carpentaria a turn was made more to the south-west. On 28 June the party was attacked by aborigines at night, Gilbert was killed 完全な and two others were 負傷させるd. In every way this was a 広大な／多数の／重要な misfortune, for Gilbert, the ablest naturalist and best bushman of the party, also had the best understanding of the aborigines. After burying Gilbert, though the two 負傷させるd men were in much 苦痛, the party started again two days later and on 5 July reached salt water. Leichhardt was then able to 記録，記録的な／記録する that he had discovered a road from the eastern coast of Australia to the 湾 of Carpentaria, with water all the way in country 利用できる for pastoral 目的s. After a long and 疲れた／うんざりした march 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 湾 of Carpentaria, Port Essington was reached on 17 December 1845. After 残り／休憩（する）ing for about a month, the members of the 探検隊／遠征隊 returned to Sydney on the ヘロイン by way of Torres 海峡. They arrived on 25 March 1846 and were given an enthusiastic welcome. The account given by Sturt (q.v.) of his 最近の 旅行 to the 内部の had 原因（となる）d much 失望, and Leichhardt's story of the good land he had 設立する led to 広大な／多数の／重要な rejoicing. A public subscription raised ｣1520, to which the 政府 追加するd ｣1000. of this Leichhardt's own 株 量d to ｣1454, and he then 用意が出来ている for the 圧力（をかける） his 定期刊行物 of an 陸路の 探検隊／遠征隊 in Australia from Moreton Bay to Port Essington. This was published at London in 1847.

Leichhardt now decided to try to cross the continent from Brisbane to Perth and started from Jimbour 駅／配置する on 7 December 1846. This 探検隊／遠征隊 was mismanaged from the beginning and was insufficiently equipped with food and 薬／医学. The course followed that of the previous 探検隊／遠征隊 for some distance and soon everything began to go wrong. 強い雨 始める，決める in and nearly every member of the party 苦しむd from malarial fever. On 22 June 1847, at about the point from which the explorer had decided to strike to the west, the hopelessness of the position became 明らかな and the 探検隊／遠征隊 turned 支援する. Chauvel's 駅／配置する was reached on 23 July, and soon after the party broke up. Leichhardt returned to Sydney a few months later and に向かって the end of 1847 learned that he had been awarded gold メダルs by the Geographical Societies of London and Paris, and that he had been 容赦d by the German 政府 for his 回避 of 軍の service. He started on his last 旅行 in February 1848. The 意向 was to find a way across the continent to Perth, and the party consisted of seven men 含むing two aborigines. It appears to have been ill equipped and with insufficient food, as Leichhardt believed they would be able to live on the country to a 広大な／多数の／重要な extent. In April they passed through Macpherson's 駅／配置する and after that were never heard of again. H. Hely and A. C. Gregory (q.v.) 長，率いるd 探検隊／遠征隊s sent 特に to search for the lost explorer, but no trace of him has ever been 設立する except かもしれない a 示すd tree 近づく the Barcoo River.

Leichhardt was tall, slight and thin featured. He must have had 広大な／多数の／重要な personal charm for wherever he went he made friends who believed in him, and cared for him. But he cannot 階級 as a really 広大な／多数の／重要な explorer, because he was not an 奮起させるing leader and 欠如（する）d foresight and 警告を与える. Two men, Daniel Bunce and John F. Mann, who were with him on his 1846-7 探検隊／遠征隊 afterwards wrote unfavourably of him.

Mrs Cotton whose biography of Leichhardt is 一般に written in a 緊張する of eulogy 明言する／公表するs that both men "had 動機s of 復讐", but the 証拠 for this 声明 is insufficient. Mrs Cotton says of Mann's account that "it is impossible to take the 調書をとる／予約する 本気で", yet on the same page she 収容する／認めるs that "Leichhardt had shown his faults throughout his life--impatient, quick to 怒り／怒る, 不正な いつかs, given to despair, 厳しい, 冷淡な, selfish, 傾向がある to melancholy; he had his hour of them all". These, however, are the faults せいにするd to him by Mann, and if he had shown them under the 条件s of normal life, there is 推論する／理由 to think they would have appeared while he was under the 緊張する and worry of an 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊. A. H. Chisholm in his Strange New World 確認するs what has been said against Leichhardt and 許すs him few virtues. He had courage and 広大な／多数の／重要な belief in himself, and in spite of bad mistakes made in his later 探検隊／遠征隊s, his 早期に 旅行 from Glendon 駅／配置する to Moreton Bay 示唆するs that he had a 確かな faculty for finding his way, though he was certainly not a good bushman. His best 旅行 was the three thousand mile trek to Port Essington, during which much good land was 設立する. The mystery of his 運命／宿命 became an Australian legend, and he was given too high a place as a man and as an explorer. Later （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） has now made it possible for him to be seen in truer 視野.

Catherine D. Cotton, Ludwig Leichhardt and the 広大な／多数の／重要な South Land; J. F. Mann, Eight Months with Dr Leichhardt in the years 1846-1847; Daniel Bunce, Australasiatic Reminiscences; A. H. Chisholm, Strange New World; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. XXIV to XXVI; Ludwig Leichhardt, 定期刊行物 of an 陸路の 探検隊／遠征隊 in Australia; R. L. Jack, Northmost Australia, vol. I; The A.B.C. 週刊誌, 4 April 1942.

LENNOX, DAVID (1788-1873), 橋（渡しをする）-建設業者,

was born at Ayr, Scotland, in 1788. He became a stonemason. had much experience working on 橋（渡しをする）s designed by the 井戸／弁護士席-known engineer, Thomas Telford, and かもしれない 影響（力）d by Dr Lang's 移住 成果／努力s, （機の）カム to Australia as an ordinary 乗客 on the Florentia which arrived at Sydney on it August 1832. Soon afterwards he was 設立する at work on the 法律を制定する 会議 議会s by (Sir) T. L. Mitchell (q.v.), who 得るd his 任命 as sub-視察官 of 橋（渡しをする）s at a salary of ｣120 a year. This seems to have been 早期に 認めるd as 不十分な 支払う／賃金 for a man who had been a foreman on important work in England, and was now 推定する／予想するd to be both a designer and 監督者. 知事 Bourke (q.v.) in October 1834 明言する／公表するd that when Lennox had 証明するd his competence he would recommend that his 年一回の salary should be 増加するd to ｣200. Bourke, however, was slow in 認めるing the 価値（がある） of Lennox, for by July 1833 the first 石／投石する 橋（渡しをする） in Australia had been 完全にするd at Lapstone Hill on the Bathurst Road, an excellent piece of work still standing a hundred years later. A more difficult piece of work was the 橋（渡しをする） over Prospect Creek as it was 支配する to floods, but Lennox, using 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働, 後継するd in finishing it by January 1836, for the amazingly small sum of ｣1000. The length of the （期間が）わたる was 110 feet and the width of the roadway 30 feet. Other important 橋（渡しをする）s followed in New South むちの跡s, 含むing the 橋（渡しをする） at Parramatta, 指名するd Lennox 橋（渡しをする） after its designer. Lennox was also 責任がある the Liverpool dam finished in 1836, and it is possible that he may have been the architect of St Andrew's Presbyterian church, Parramatta. He was 任命するd 地区 surveyor to the Parramatta 地区 会議 in November 1843, and in October 1844 he became superintendent of 橋（渡しをする）s at Port Phillip. On taking up his new 義務s at Melbourne his first piece of work was the building of a 永久の 橋（渡しをする） over the Yarra. さまざまな 計画（する）s had already been sent in, but Lennox 用意が出来ている another with a 選び出す／独身 arch of 150 feet （期間が）わたる which was 可決する・採択するd. It was 完全にするd about five years later, and 正式に opened on 15 November 1850. It was an excellent piece of work which looked as though it would last forever, but some 30 years later the approaches to the city were remodelled, and it was 設立する necessary to pull 負かす／撃墜する the old 橋（渡しをする） and build a new one. Lennox was still at Melbourne when Victoria became a separate 植民地 but he 辞職するd his position in November 1853. His salary had remained at ｣250 a year until 1852, when it was raised to ｣300, and in 1853 to ｣600. On his 退職 the Victorian 政府 made him a 認める of ｣3000. He returned to Sydney in June 1855 and built a house in Campbell-street, Parramatta, where he lived until his death on 12 November 1873. He was 生き残るd by a married daughter and her children, one of whom, Dr C. E. Rowling, afterwards practised as a 内科医 at Parramatta and Mudgee.

Lennox was a 静かな, modest man, a good tradesman and practical designer, with a talent for managing men and getting the best out of them. His 橋（渡しをする）s, simple in design, aesthetically excellent, and always suitable for their 目的s, are monuments to a 罰金 craftsman.

H. Selkirk, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. VI, pp. 201-43; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vol. XVII; Death notice Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 13 November 1873.

LEWIN, JOHN WILLIAM (1770-1819), first field naturalist and first engraver in Australia,

was born in London in 1770. His father, William Lewin, was also an artist and naturalist, his Birds of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain in seven 容積／容量s was published in 1789-94. There are 変化させるing accounts about the time of Lewin's arrival in Sydney. What really happened was that Lewin was to have sailed on the Buffalo but was for some 推論する／理由 妨げるd. His wife （機の）カム to Sydney on that 大型船 and arrived there on 3 May 1799. Lewin （機の）カム on the Minerva, which arrived on 11 January 1800. (定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. V, pp. 236-7). In March 1801 he was 大（公）使館員d to 中尉／大尉／警部補 認める's (q.v.) 探検隊／遠征隊 to the south-west of Australia on the Bee, a tender to the Lady Nelson, but four days after the start the Bee was sent 支援する to Port Jackson. In August he was with the 探検隊／遠征隊 to the Hunter River, and in November he was on the Norfolk on a voyage to Otaheite. The Norfolk was driven 岸に in March 1802, but without loss of life, and Lewin was brought 支援する to Sydney in December of that year. He endeavoured to 設立する himself as a miniature and portrait painter and teacher of art, but there was probably little 需要・要求する for his services, as some years later, in May 1808, his wife was keeping the Bunch of Grapes inn and 蓄える／店. He lived at Parramatta for a period, and during 1803-4 he drew, engraved and coloured the plates for Prodromus Entomology Natural History of Lepidopterous Insects of New South むちの跡s. This was published in London in 1805 and 含む／封じ込めるd the first engravings done in Australia. A second 版 appeared in 1822. His second work, Birds of New Holland with their Natural History, vol. I, was published in London in 1808. It was subsequently 問題／発行するd under the 肩書を与えるs Birds of New South むちの跡s, and A Natural History of the Birds of New South むちの跡s, in 1813, 1822 and 1838, but the colouring of some of the plates in the later 問題／発行するs was 不正に done. There are bibliographical problems in connexion with this 調書をとる／予約する, and collectors acquiring copies may be advised to look for the watermark to be 設立する in the paper of some of the plates, and Ferguson's Bibliography of Australia should also be 協議するd. In May 1808 Lewin did himself honour by 調印, with 11 others, an 演説（する）／住所 to Lieut.-知事 Paterson with regard to the deposition of Bligh, in which they 抗議するd against what had been done "as the highest 侮辱 to the King, in the Person of his 代表者／国会議員, 知事 Bligh; the highest 乱暴／暴力を加える and contempt to the British 政府 and the 法律s . . . and to all 正規の／正選手 政府, subordination and discipline so necessary in this 植民地". In 1810 知事 Macquarie (q.v.) made Lewin 検死官, with a salary of ｣40 a year and rations for himself and family. His salary was afterwards 増加するd to ｣80 a year. In December 1817 Lewin had the 適切な時期 of going with P. P. King (q.v.) on his voyage of 発見 around Australia, 推定では as naturalist and artist, but 拒絶する／低下するd on account of the difficulty of 供給するing for his family during his absence. He had now 得るd a 評判 as an artist, and Macquarie, on 15 December 1817, sent some examples of his 製図／抽選s of 工場／植物s to Earl Bathurst with the suggestion that Lewin's "Talents might be most usefully 雇うd here in the service of the 政府 排他的に". In March 1819 Macquarie sent eight more 製図／抽選s by Lewin of animals, birds and 工場／植物s, to Earl Bathurst. Lewin, however, died on 27 August 1819 leaving a 未亡人 and son. Mrs Lewin was given a 年金 of ｣50 a year.

Froggatt (q.v.) in his memoir speaks with 尊敬（する）・点 of Lewin as a naturalist, 明言する／公表するing that "he collected the insects in all 行う／開催する／段階s of 開発, 熟考する／考慮するd their life histories, 公式文書，認めるd their food 工場／植物s, and made 正確な coloured 製図／抽選s from the living insects". His 製図／抽選s of birds are often good, and he did much other work 含むing landscapes. Examples will be 設立する at the Mitchell library, Sydney. His 地図／計画する of Part of New South むちの跡s, embellished with 見解（をとる）s of Sydney and its harbour, was published in London in 1825.

Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. II, III, V to X, XII; W. Moore, The Story of Australian Art; W. W. Froggatt, The Australian Naturalist, January 1930; J. A. Ferguson, Bibliography of Australia; J. J. Fletcher, 訴訟／進行s of the Linnean Society of N.S.W., vol. XLV, pp. 572-4; Sir William Dixson, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. V, pp. 236-40; A. G. Foster, ibid, vol. V, p. 163; G. P. Whitley, ibid, vol. XIX, p. 297; Alfred J. North, 記録，記録的な／記録するs of the Australian Museum, vol. VI, p. 121; A. Musgrave, Bibliography of Australian Entomology.

LEWIS, DAVID EDWARD (1866-1941), public benefactor,

son of Dafydd 吊りくさび, a carpenter, was born at Llanrhystyd, 近づく Aberystwyth, むちの跡s, on 7 March 1866. His mother died at his birth, his father when he was nine years old, and the boy was brought up by his maternal grandparents, the Rev. Edward and Diana Mason. He went to a village school and at 13 was 雇うd by a grocer in a coal-採掘 地区. He was next 見習い工d to N. H. 吊りくさび, a draper at Neath, working very long hours, and afterwards worked for another 吊りくさび, William 吊りくさび of Pontnewyndd, who encouraged David to …に出席する evening classes and had much 影響（力） on his life. The young man then went to London to 熟考する／考慮する the 卸売 味方する of the drapery 商売／仕事, and in 1890 decided to go to Australia. 上陸 at Melbourne he 伸び（る）d experience on the staff of Craig Williamson Pty Ltd and then in 共同 with a Mr Jones started a drapers' 商売／仕事 at Williamstown. He soon afterwards sold his 利益／興味 in this 商売／仕事, and with J. A. Love, opened a drapery shop in Brunswick-street, Fitzroy, in 1892. This 商売／仕事 栄えるd and in a year or two another shop was opened in Chapel-street, Prahron (sic), which became the 主要な／長／主犯 shop and 速く grew in size. In 1910 Love retired and 吊りくさび became the 単独の proprietor. He worked hard until later years, when he did much travelling, some of which was for 商売／仕事 目的s. In 1930 a 所有物／資産／財産 in Bourke-street, Melbourne, was 購入（する）d for the 商売／仕事, and in 1936 吊りくさび bought a country 所有物／資産／財産 in New South むちの跡s in which he became much 利益／興味d. He died at Melbourne on 17 August 1941. He was twice married and left a 未亡人 and two sons of the first marriage.

吊りくさび was a strong, rugged character with a keen sense of 商売／仕事. When he started for Australia he was 老年の 24 and had 蓄積するd a 資本／首都 of rather more than ｣100. He did not believe in waste and throughout his life remained careful in money 事柄s, though this did not 妨げる him from helping people who were in need. He gave ｣2000 to the university of Melbourne in 1928 for 研究室／実験室 拡張s in the 工学 school, and in his last years 充てるd much thought to the problem of helping boys of ability whose parents could not give them a university education. Under his will the Dafydd 吊りくさび 信用 was formed which will have 支配（する）／統制する of about ｣700,000. From the year 1943 onwards scholarships will be 利用できる to boys educated in Victorian 明言する／公表する elementary and 明言する／公表する 第２位 schools, whose parents have a 共同の income not 越えるing the 購入（する）ing 力／強力にする of six 続けざまに猛撃するs a week at the time of the death of 吊りくさび. These scholarships will not only 支払う／賃金 the university 料金s but will cover the cost of 調書をとる／予約するs, food and 着せる／賦与するing.

Booklet 問題／発行するd by the Trustees of the Dafydd 吊りくさび 信用; The Argus, 19 August, 23 and 24 September 1941; （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） from The Trustees Executors and 機関 Co. Ltd.

LEWIS, SIR NEIL ELLIOTT (1858-1935), 首相 of Tasmania,

son of Neil 吊りくさび, was born at Hobart on 27 October 1858. He was educated at the high school, Hobart, took the diploma of associate of arts with gold メダル, and was awarded a Tasmanian scholarship. He was at Balliol College, Oxford from 1878 to 1882, 卒業生（する）d B.A. in 1882 and M.A. and B.C.L. in 1885. He was called to the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 of the inner 寺 in 1883 and remained in London until 1885. On his return to Hobart he practised as a solicitor and in 1886 was elected a member of the house of 議会 for Richmond. In August 1892 he joined the Henry Dobson (q.v.) 省 as 弁護士／代理人／検事-general and held office until April 1894. He became leader of the 対立 in this year, and in 1897 was elected one of the Tasmanian 代表者／国会議員s at the 1897 連邦の 条約. On 12 October 1899 he became 首相 and 弁護士／代理人／検事-general. It was supposed that he would enter 連邦の politics and Barton (q.v.) made him a 無任所大臣 in the first 連邦の 省. 吊りくさび, however, did not stand for 選挙 and the 任命 lapsed. His 省 endeavoured to encourage the producing 利益／興味s and to find fresh markets. 吊りくさび was 敗北・負かすd in April 1903, but he was again 首相 in June 1909 taking the treasurer's 大臣の地位 in 新規加入. He 辞職するd on 20 October 1909 but J. Earle who 後継するd him was 敗北・負かすd a week later and 吊りくさび became 首相 again until June 1912. He was in office in the Sir W. H. 物陰／風下 省 as treasurer from April 1916 to March 1922, and as 長，指導者 長官 until 28 June. He then retired from politics. In 1933 he was 任命するd 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 of Tasmania. He died suddenly at Hobart on 22 September 1935. He married in 1896 a daughter of Charles Youl. Lady 吊りくさび 生き残るd him with two sons. He was created C.M.G. in 1901 and K.C.M.G. in 1902. He was the first 大統領，／社長 of the Tasmanian Amateur 運動競技の 協会, and was much 利益／興味d in education. He worked for the 設立するing of the university of Tasmania, and for different periods was 副／悪徳行為-（ドイツなどの）首相／（大学の）学長 and （ドイツなどの）首相／（大学の）学長 of it. A good 行政官／管理者 and 政治家，政治屋 of high personal character, 吊りくさび was 目だつ in the life of his 明言する／公表する for nearly 50 years.

The 水銀柱，温度計, Hobart, 23 September 1935; The Examiner, Launceston, 23 September 1935.

LIGHT, WILLIAM (c. 1786-1839), 創立者 of Adelaide,

was born about the year 1786 either on the island of Salang or in the 領土 of Kedah, and spent his first six years at Penang. His father, Captain Francis Light, 貿易（する）d in Siam and Malaya and married Martina Rozells in 1772. There is still some 疑問 as to who she was, but the family tradition is that she was a princess of Kedah. Captain Light did 価値のある work in 延長するing the British 影響（力） in the Malay 半島 but in October 1794 died of malaria. His son was then 存在 educated in England, and in September 1799 joined H.M. フリゲート艦 Clyde as a volunteer. In June 1801 he was made a midshipman, and in 1802 left the 海軍 and spent some time in travelling. He visited India in 1805 and …に出席するd a sister's wedding, and in 1808 joined the army as cornet of the 4th Light Dragoons. He fought through the （選挙などの）運動をするs in Spain where his knowledge of French and Spanish 証明するd useful, and distinguished himself by his gallantry. Napier in his history of the peninsular war gives an account of one of his feats and speaks of him as "Captain William Light distinguished by the variety of his attainments--an artist, musician, mechanist, 船員 and 兵士". Light was 促進するd 中尉／大尉／警部補 in 1809, became a captain in 1814, and in May 1815 he was 申し込む／申し出d the 地位，任命する of 旅団-major in the 世帯 cavalry, but was just too late to fight at Waterloo. For part of the next six years Light was on half-支払う／賃金 and he left the army in 1821. He had 期待s from his father's 広い地所 but in 1818 設立する that the land had been 疎遠にするd. An 活動／戦闘 against the East India Company resulted in his receiving ｣20,000 in 解決／入植地 of his （人命などを）奪う，主張する. He was travelling in Europe during 1822, and spent much time in Sicily making sketches. These re-drawn by the famous water-colour artist, Peter De Wint, were published in 1823 under the 肩書を与える Sicilian Sketches from 製図／抽選s by P. De Wint, The 初めの Sketches by Major Light. In the same year he was fighting on the Spanish 味方する against the French and was 負傷させるd in the thigh. He returned to England in November and met Mary Bennet, a daughter of the Duke of Richmond and Mrs Bennet. They were married in October 1824 and during the next 10 years spent much time in travelling in Europe and Egypt. In 1828 a 容積／容量 of 見解（をとる）s of Pompeii, after Light's 製図／抽選s, was published at London. By September 1834 husband and wife had agreed to separate, and in that month Light went from England to Egypt as 指揮官 of the Nile, a paddle steamer. In Egypt Light met Captain John Hindmarsh (q.v.) who, on the Nile 存在 charted by Mehemet Ali, was given 命令（する） of it. Light went with him as second in 命令（する）. Hindmarsh, however, 辞職するd in February 1835 and Light again became captain of the Nile. He 辞職するd on 1 November 1835 and, returning to England, 辛うじて 行方不明になるd 存在 任命するd the first 知事 of South Australia. He was 温かく recommended by 陸軍大佐 C. J. Napier who had 辞退するd the position, but in the 合間 Hindmarsh had been 任命するd. Hindmarsh, however, 堅固に recommended that Light should be given a responsible position and 結局 he was gazetted surveyor-general. In May 1836 he sailed in the 早い and arrived in South Australia on 20 August. The South Australian commissioners had ゆだねるd Light with the entire 決定／判定勝ち（する） as to the 場所／位置 of the 解決／入植地, and he at once began 巡航するing along the coast 診察するing the country. After some weeks he decided that the east coast of St Vincent 湾 was the most 約束ing, but difficulty was 設立する in finding a harbour and fresh water. On 21 November 1836 he entered Port Adelaide River and was able to 報告（する）／憶測 to the commissioners: "Although my 義務 強いるs me to look at other places first, before I 直す／買収する，八百長をする on the 資本／首都, yet I feel 保証するd, as I did from the first, that I shall only be losing time." The absence of fresh water disqualified the harbour itself as a 場所／位置 for the 資本／首都, and he 直す／買収する，八百長をするd on the 現在の 場所／位置, a choice which has met with the 完全にする 是認 of posterity. At the time everyone was won over, even the 知事 認可するd, but in a little while an 野党 was formed. Hindmarsh had always been anxious to have the 資本／首都 近づく the mouth of the Murray, and 公式の／役人s of the South Australian Company did not want an inland 状況／情勢. In the 一方／合間 Light went on with his 調査する and laid out the 1042 acres of Adelaide in two months. In deference to the wishes of the 知事 he also agreed to 調査する 200 or 300 acres 近づく the port. It was 井戸／弁護士席 that Light stood 堅固に by his 有罪の判決s. If he had not done so, said B. T. Finniss (q.v.), "the 植民地 would have been a 失敗, the first colonists would have been 廃虚d, the 資本／首都 of the company would have 死なせる／死ぬd and public feeling would have 廃虚d the commissioners".

Light's next work was the 調査するing of the country land but he 設立する that his staff was insufficient. Moreover his own health was showing a change for the worse. No 疑問 he had undergone privations, and the 論争s in which he 設立する himself 伴う／関わるd were not helpful to his health. During the winter months of 1837 the 調査するing under Light and Finniss proceeded 刻々と and by October the 見通し for the 植民地 was 希望に満ちた. But the 報告（する）／憶測 by a sealer 指名するd Walker of the 発見 of a harbour 近づく the mouth of the Murray raised the 解決／入植地 場所／位置 question again. Hindmarsh even went so far as to ask Lord Glenelg on 18 December 1837 for 当局 to move the 資本／首都. It was unfortunate that Light should have been worried in this way, as he was making good 進歩 with the 調査するing of the country, 60,000 acres were 調査するd by the end of the year and by May 1838 150,000 acres had been 完全にするd. (Sir) G. S. Kingston, who had been sent to England to endeavour to 得る more surveyors, returned in June to 報告（する）／憶測 that all 援助 had been 辞退するd, that Light's methods of 調査するing had been 非難するd, and that a system of running 調査するs of which Light could not かもしれない 認可する had been ordered. He at once 辞職するd and nearly the whole 軍隊 of surveyors 辞職するd in sympathy with him. Light's health got 速く worse under the 緊張する, but he became 上級の partner in the 調査するing 会社／堅い of Light, Finniss and Company and was able to work for some months longer. The new 知事, 陸軍大佐 Gawler (q.v.), arrived on 12 October 1838, and it was hoped that the 調査する department now in a 明言する／公表する of 大混乱 under Kingston, might again be 手渡すd over to Light. A movement to send an 演説（する）／住所 to the new 知事 praying for this appears to have been checked by the 声明 of an 公式の／役人 that it would be fruitless because the 知事 was 決定するd not to reappoint Light. In the 合間 the position was given to Captain Sturt (q.v.). How nearly Light 行方不明になるd reappointment may be gathered from the fact that Gawler wrote to Light in November 1838, sending an 抽出する from a 派遣（する） from the 植民地化 commissioners 表明するing their 不本意 to 受託する Light's 辞職. In his …を伴ってing letter Gawler said that this 表現 of the commissioners' feelings was just the 激励 he had needed to reappoint Light, and that he would have done so had the 派遣（する） arrived before the position had been 申し込む／申し出d to Sturt.

In January 1839 Light went to the Para River to 行為／行う a 調査する for the South Australian Company. His spirit was able to keep him in the saddle for 10 hours on one day, but he 崩壊（する）d more than once. He returned to Adelaide on 21 January, and next day a 誘発する 始める，決める 解雇する／砲火／射撃 to the roof of his hut which was 完全に burnt out in a few minutes. 事実上 all his 器具s, papers, 定期刊行物s and sketches were destroyed. He was 準備するing to 除去する to his new house at Thebarton then nearly ready. His friends showed him what 親切 they could, but his remaining days were those of an 無効の, though in May 1839 he 試みる／企てるd a 旅行 捜し出すing the northerly 大勝する to the Murray. He 得るd copies of the commissioners' 派遣（する）s referring to him, and with the help of a 部分 of his diary that had been saved was able to publish at the end of June A 簡潔な／要約する 定期刊行物 of the 訴訟／進行s of William Light. His 財政上の circumstances were not good, but in August he made his will in which he made 行方不明になる Maria Gandy, who had devotedly nursed him, 単独の 受益者 and executrix. He had some 慰安 in the fact that public opinion was moving in favour of his choice of the 場所／位置 of the city. He died 早期に in the morning of 6 October 1839, and was buried in the square that 耐えるs his 指名する. His wife who was living in England 生き残るd him with two sons, who afterwards became officers in the army, and a daughter (City of Adelaide, 地方自治体の Year 調書をとる／予約する, 1944-5, p. 63). A monument over his 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な designed by Kingston was 築くd by public subscription in 1843. The 石／投石する used 崩壊するd and a new 記念の was 明かすd on 21 June 1905. His portrait painted by himself is at the 国家の gallery, Adelaide. His statue by Birnie Rhind stands on Montefiore Hill, Adelaide.

Light was a man of "medium 高さ, sallow-complexion, 警報 and handsome, with 直面する clean-shaven excepting closely 削減（する） 味方する whiskers, 黒人／ボイコット curly hair, brown 注目する，もくろむs, straight nose, small mouth and shapely chin". He was a gallant 兵士, a 有能な artist and a charming companion with 広大な／多数の／重要な general ability, but his 栄冠を与えるing feat was his finding the 場所／位置 of Adelaide and in spite of all 対立 getting it 可決する・採択するd. His last days were clouded by illness and 苦悩, but he 階級s の中で the 広大な／多数の／重要な 開拓するs of British 植民地化.

M. P. Mayo, The Life and Letters of 陸軍大佐 William Light; T. Gill, 陸軍大佐 William Light, the 創立者 of Adelaide; A. F. Steuart, A Short Sketch of the Lives of Francis and William Light; A. Grenfell Price, 創立者s and 開拓するs of South Australia; City of Adelaide, 地方自治体の Year 調書をとる／予約する, 1944-5, pp. 53-66.

LILLEY, SIR CHARLES (1830-1897), 首相 and 裁判長 of Queensland,

was born at Newcastle on Tyne, England, on 27 May 1830, the son of Thomas Lilley. He was educated at University College, London, and ーするつもりであるing to 熟考する／考慮する 法律, was articled to a solicitor. He gave this up, enlisted in the army, and while 駅／配置するd at Preston did some lecturing on temperance and 産業の questions. This brought him into disfavour with his superior officers, but some friends 購入（する）d his 発射する／解雇する. He remained at Preston and worked on the 委員会 which made possible the Preston 解放する／自由な library. Deciding to go to Australia he arrived at Sydney on 4 July 1856. Soon afterwards he went to Brisbane, joined the 栄冠を与える solicitor's office, and finished his 法律 course. He took up journalism, acquired an 利益／興味 in the Moreton Bay 特使, afterwards the Brisbane 特使, and for two years was its editor. He was 目だつ in the movement for 分離 and, elected to the first Queensland 法律を制定する 議会 by a 大多数 of only three 投票（する）s, held the seat for the 残りの人，物 of his 議会の career. He was called to the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 in 1861 and 設立するd a good practice. In September 1865 he 後継するd John Bramston as 弁護士／代理人／検事-general in the first Herbert (q.v.) 省, and held the same position in the Macalister (q.v.) 省 which 後継するd it. On 7 August 1866 he was again 弁護士／代理人／検事-general in the second Macalister 省 and was 責任がある much 法律制定 before the 敗北・負かす of the 省 in August 1867. On 25 November 1868 he became 首相, and also at first 弁護士／代理人／検事-general, and then 植民地の 長官. His most important work as 首相 was the introduction of 解放する／自由な education which （機の）カム into 軍隊 in January 1870. Queensland was the first of the Australian 植民地s to 可決する・採択する this 原則. As a 抗議する against the monopoly of the A.S.N. Company Lilley ordered three 大型船s to be 建設するd for the Queensland 政府 at Sydney. One, the 知事 Blackall, was 現実に 完全にするd, and the A.S.N. Company as a result 減ずるd its 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s. Lilley, however, had 行為／法令／行動するd without 言及／関連 to his 同僚s and, a 投票（する） of 非難 having been moved, was 砂漠d by all his 信奉者s except one when the 分割 took place. However, when the A. H. Palmer (q.v.) 省 was formed in May 1870 he was elected leader of the 対立. In January 1874 Macalister, having carried a 投票（する） of no 信用／信任, 申し込む／申し出d to stand aside so that Lilley might be 首相. He, however, 拒絶する／低下するd office of any 肉親，親類d, but すぐに afterwards 受託するd the position of 事実上の／代理-裁判官 of the 最高の 法廷，裁判所. He became a 裁判官 in July 1874, and in 1879 後継するd Sir James Cockle (q.v.) as 裁判長. He was much 利益／興味d in education and was 大部分は instrumental in 設立するing the Brisbane grammar school. In 1891 he was chairman of the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 which 報告（する）／憶測d in favour of 設立するing a university at Brisbane. In 1893 some comments on the 財政上の 処理／取引s of Sir Thomas McIlwraith led to 脅しs of 除去 from his office. Lilley, who had been ーするつもりであるing to retire, 辞職するd his position and put up as a 労働 候補者 against McIlwraith in the 選挙民 of Brisbane North, but was 敗北・負かすd. He had a 厳しい illness in 1896 and died on 20 August 1897. He married in 1858 行方不明になる S. J. Jeays and was 生き残るd by a large family 含むing several sons. He was knighted in 1881.

Lilley was an excellent （衆議院の）議長 and a good 裁判官, a scorner of mere forms and quibbles. He was scarcely a good 議会の leader because his ideas were in 前進する of his times. All his life he had been in sympathy with the poorer-paid classes of the 植民地, and when he …に出席するd the laying of the 創立／基礎 石／投石する of the 貿易（する）s hall at Brisbane in 1891 he showed his sympathy with 労働 ideals in an outspoken 演説（する）／住所. An able and 完全に honest man of strong democratic 有罪の判決s, he gave 価値のある service to his 明言する／公表する in many capacities.

The Brisbane 特使, 21 and 23 August 1897; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 21 August 1897; C. A. Bernays, Queensland Politics During Sixty Years; P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography.

LINDSAY, DAVID (1856-1922), explorer, [ also 言及する to David LINDSAY page at 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia]

son of Captain John Scott Lindsay 以前は of Dundee, Scotland, was born at Goolwa, South Australia, on 20 June 1856. He entered the 明言する／公表する 政府 調査する department in 1872, and was gazetted as a 上級の surveyor in March 1875. In 1878 he was 任命するd surveyor-general for the Northern 領土. In 1882 he 辞職するd from the 政府 service to （問題を）取り上げる 私的な practice, but about a year later was placed in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of a 政府 探検隊／遠征隊 to the Northern 領土. The party, consisting of four white men and two 黒人／ボイコットs, fell in with 敵意を持った aborigines who attacked them and were only driven off by the use of 解雇する／砲火／射撃-武器. Some of the horses had been 殺到d during the 衝突 and the explorers only reached civilization after 苦しむing many privations. Lindsay subsequently 調査するd 領土 between the 陸路の telegraph line and the Queensland 国境 and discovered a payable mica field. In 1886 he was 調査するing in the 地域 of the MacDonnell 範囲s and discovered いわゆる rubies. 早期に in 1891 he was placed in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the 年上の 科学の 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊 完全に equipped by Sir Thomas 年上の (q.v.). Starting from Warrina, South Australia, on 2 May 1891 with the 意向 of covering as much unexplored 領土 as possible between there and the western coast of Australia, the 探検隊／遠征隊 was unfortunate in striking an 極端に 乾燥した，日照りの season, the results were disappointing, and the 探検隊／遠征隊 was abandoned without 完全にするing much that had been ーするつもりであるd. However, in the 11 months to 4 April 1892 over 4000 miles were 横断するd, and about 80,000 square miles were mapped. 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s were made by the second officer and three other members of the party 関心ing Lindsay's 管理／経営 of the 探検隊／遠征隊, but after an 調査 had been held he was exonerated. In 1895 Lindsay was in 商売／仕事 as a stockbroker, formed さまざまな companies in connexion with Western Australian 地雷s, and not long before war broke out in 1914 was in London raising 資本／首都 for 開発 work in the Northern 領土. This work and other 事業／計画（する）s had to be abandoned on account of the war. After the war Lindsay was in the Northern 領土 for three and a half years carrying out topographical 調査するs for the 連邦の 政府. Some good pastoral land was discovered, and Lindsay 満足させるd himself that the Queensland artesian water system 延長するd some 150 miles さらに先に west than its supposed 限界s. He was working in the north again in 1922 but was attacked by illness and died in the Darwin hospital of heart 病気 on 17 December 1922. He married Annie T. S. Lindsay who 生き残る him with four sons and a daughter. Lindsay was tall and 幅の広い-shouldered of a genial disposition, a typical and 有能な bushman.

The 登録（する） and The Advertiser, Adelaide, 19 December 1922; The Times, 19 December 1922; 定期刊行物 of the 年上の 科学の 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊, 1891-2.

LINDSAY, RUBY. See DYSON, WILLIAM HENRY.

LINLITHGOW, LORD. See HOPE, JOHN ADRIAN LOUIS.

LITTLEJOHN, WILLIAM STILL (1859 1933), schoolmaster,

was the son of W. Littlejohn, watchmaker and jeweller He was born at Turriff, Scotland on 19 September 1859, and was educated first at the board schools at Alford and Peterhead, and then at the Aberdeen grammar school and King's College, Aberdeen university. He 代表するd his university at Rugby football and 卒業生（する）d M.A. in 1879. He had partly 持続するd himself by winning bursaries and by coaching. His father and brother emigrated to New Zealand and in 1881 得るd 指名するd passages for the 残りの人，物 of the family. In the 暫定的な William had qualified as a teacher, had been living in Edinburgh with his mother doing university coaching, and on two occasions had been a 居住（者） master at 搭乗 schools.

Littlejohn arrived at Wellington about Christmas time 1881. He 得るd the position of third master at Nelson College which then had a roll-call of about 150, and entered on his work 早期に in 1882, a tall, burly, bearded, fair young man with a strong Aberdeen burr. He すぐに began to be an 影響（力） in the school, playing football and cricket with the boys after school hours, and showing an 巨大な 利益／興味 in his teaching. His own training had been a classical one but having undertaken to teach an elementary class chemistry, he did so by 熟考する／考慮するing it one lesson ahead of his class; and, finding there was no 研究室／実験室, 説得するd the headmaster to 変える a box-room into one. He was one of those men who could 得る a reasonable knowledge of a 支配する in a short time, and it was said of him in later years that he was 有能な of taking a form in any one of the 20 支配するs of the 中間の public examinations. He not only took 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the games, he 命令（する）d the cadet 軍団, And with his usual thoroughness gave up a holiday period, training at a （軍の）野営地，陣営 for officers. At Christmas 1885 he was married to ジーンズ Berry with whom he had had an understanding in Scotland. A change of 主要な／長／主犯s took place at Nelson College, and in his twenty-eighth year Littlejohn became second master. He also took over the 義務s of house-master until the new 主要な／長／主犯, W. J. Ford, could arrive from England at the beginning of the second 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語. When he did arrive he was amazed at the extra 義務s carried out by his assistant. When he said so to Littlejohn the reply was that a man who is not brilliant has to do something to （不足などを）補う for it. It was about this time that Ernest, afterwards Lord, Rutherford became Littlejohn's pupil and 得るd his first introduction to physics and chemistry. Littlejohn afterwards gave him special coaching for a university scholarship in which he was successful. In 1889 Mr Ford 辞職するd and returned to England to become 主要な／長／主犯 of Leamington College. An 適切な時期 was lost in not 任命するing Littlejohn to the 空いている position, and J. W. Joynt, a distinguished scholar but without teaching experience, was made 主要な／長／主犯. During his 10 years 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 New Zealand had a period of 不景気 and the new 主要な／長／主犯 had not the special 質s necessary to 打ち勝つ his difficulties. When he 辞職するd at the end of 1897 Littlejohn became 主要な／長／主犯, and during the next six years there was a very large 増加する in the number of day boys and the boarders 増加するd from 27 to about 90. Organization and hard work had much to do with his success, but his 現実化 of the fact that boys have minds that are better when developed than crammed was an important factor too. In 1903 he heard that a 主要な／長／主犯 was 手配中の，お尋ね者 for Scotch College, Melbourne, and with some 疑惑s 適用するd for the position. He was 任命するd and took 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the school at the beginning of 1904.

Scotch College, the oldest 第２位 school in Victoria, had always held a 主要な place, but Littlejohn felt that the 範囲 of its education must be 広げるd. Boys should be made fit to 受託する 責任／義務 so he brought in the prefect system, and he 生き返らせるd the cadet 軍団 whose officers had to earn their positions. Sport should have its place in the life of the school, but it must be kept in its place. He 設立する that there was some jealousy and ill-feeling の中で the public schools which manifested itself at school contests, and his 影響（力） with his own boys and with the headmasters of other schools helped to bring about a better feeling. He encouraged the 設立するing of the school magazine, the Scotch Collegian, 完全に written by the boys which became かもしれない the best school paper in Australia. Other outside 利益／興味s were fostered, such as the literary, science and 審議ing clubs, the 劇の society, the Australian student Christian movement, the school library, museum, natural history club, boy scouts. All these and other movements too were 追加するd 徐々に, and every boy had the 適切な時期 of developing his particular 利益／興味s. The school roll was getting larger and larger, for some years the 増加する 普通の／平均（する）d 100 each year. In 1911 Littlejohn 設立する that he was 脅すd with blindness, but a year's 残り／休憩（する） in Europe and America 回避するd this. The war period was a period of 広大な／多数の／重要な 悲しみ with over 1200 old boys at the 前線 of whom over 200 were killed. That the school furnished three generals 含むing the 指揮官-in-長，指導者, General Sir John Monash (q.v.), and earned 184 distinctions was small 慰安.

The school had out-grown its 限界s and it was decided that a move must be made. A 場所／位置 of 60 acres was 設立する at Hawthorn and 徐々に the whole school was transferred beginning with the 準備の school. The move was 完全にするd in 1925. In 供給するing the 基金s for the buildings much help was given by the old boys 組織するd through the old Scotch Collegians 協会. The school continued to 増加する and the 分離 of the 準備の school under a headmaster gave only a 一時的な 救済. It is a question whether any 主要な／長／主犯 should be 推定する／予想するd to 支配（する）／統制する so many as 900 上級の boys. Littlejohn showed few 調印するs of the 緊張する he was under, but in August 1933 he became ill with 気管支の influenza and died on 7 October 1933. He was 生き残るd by his wife, two sons and three daughters.

Littlejohn was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 組織者 and a 広大な／多数の／重要な schoolmaster. He believed in discipline but his 愛称 の中で the boys, "The Boss", became not only a symbol of 当局 but a 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of affection. When he died he was 嘆く／悼むd by thousands of old and 現在の boys. He was a 宗教的な man but he was more 利益／興味d in the 誠実 of a man's 宗教 than its particular tenets. He was trained in the classical tradition and believed in scholarship, but to him the important thing was that a school should give a training for life.

A. E. Pratt, Dr W. S. Littlejohn, The Story of a 広大な／多数の／重要な Headmaster; The Scotch Collegian, December 1933; personal knowledge.

LIVERSIDGE, ARCHIBALD (1847-1927), 化学者／薬剤師,

son of John Liversidge, was born at Turnham Green, England, on 17 November 1847. He was educated at a 私的な school and by 私的な 教えるs in science, and in 1866 went to the 王室の College of Chemistry and 王室の School of 地雷s. In the に引き続いて year he won a 王室の 展示 and メダルs in chemistry, mineralogy and metallurgy. He became an associate of the School of 地雷s and in 1870 was awarded an open scholarship in science at Christ's College, Cambridge. During his first year in Cambridge he filled a 一時的な position as デモ参加者／実演宣伝者 of chemistry at the university 研究室／実験室. In 1872 he 受託するd the 任命 of reader in 地質学 at the university of Sydney and began his 義務s there 早期に in 1873. He became professor of 地質学 and mineralogy in 1874, and in 1876 he published The Minerals of New South むちの跡s, 存在 a reprint of a paper read at the 王室の Society of New South むちの跡s in December 1874. A second and 大きくするd 版 appeared in 1882 and the third 版 in 1888. In 1878 he visited the 主要な museums, universities and technical colleges of Europe, and in 1880 his 報告（する）／憶測 upon 確かな Museums for 科学（工学）技術, Science and Art, was published at Sydney. In 1881 the 肩書を与える of his 議長，司会を務める was altered to chemistry and mineralogy, and in 1891 to chemistry only. He was dean of the faculty of science from its 創立／基礎 in 1882 to 1904 and he 設立するd the school of 地雷s at the university in 1892.

Liversidge took much 利益／興味 in the 王室の Society of New South むちの跡s, was 名誉として与えられる 長官 from 1874 to 1884 and 1886 to 1888, was its 大統領，／社長 in 1885, 1889 and 1900, and was for many years editor of the Society's 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s. In 1888 Liversidge, after much 予選 work, 設立するd the Australasian 協会 for the 進歩 of Science, was its 名誉として与えられる 長官 from 1888 to 1909 and 大統領，／社長 in 1898. He was chairman of the 初めの board of the Sydney technical museum, was a trustee of the Australian museum at Sydney, and he 設立するd the Sydney section of the Society of 化学製品 産業 in 1902. He 辞職するd his professorship at Sydney in December 1907 and became emeritus professor. In 1909 Liversidge returned to England and became 副／悪徳行為-大統領，／社長 of the Society of 化学製品 産業, 1909-12, and 副／悪徳行為-大統領，／社長 of the 化学製品 Society 1910-13. Thenceforth he lived in 退職 近づく London and died on 26 September 1927. He was unmarried. In 新規加入 to the 作品 について言及するd Liversidge published for the use of students （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs for Qualitative 化学製品 分析 (second 版 1903). He also wrote over 100 papers on chemistry and mineralogy for 科学の 定期刊行物s, many of which were 問題／発行するd as 小冊子s, and during his stay in Australia he was an untiring 労働者 in the 原因（となる） of science. Maiden (q.v.), in his "History of the 王室の Society of New South むちの跡s", said of Liversidge that "he 事実上 re-設立するd the Society, 組織するd its activities on proper lines, and made it the 力／強力にする for good it is to-day". He laid the 創立／基礎s of the Australasian 協会 for the 進歩 of Science, was an admirable 名誉として与えられる 長官 for 21 years, and 保持するd his 利益／興味 in the 協会 after his 退職 to England. He was elected a fellow of the 王室の Society, London, in 1882, was 名誉として与えられる fellow of the 王室の Society of Edinburgh, and was given the 名誉として与えられる degree of LL.D. by Glasgow university. Under his will a sum of ｣2500 was left to the university of Sydney for scholarships and a 研究 lectureship in chemistry.

定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s of the 王室の Society of New South むちの跡s, vol. LXII, p. 8; The Times, 21 September 1927; Who's, Who, 1927; H, E, Barff, A Short Historical Account of the University of Sydney; British Museum 目録; Calendars of the University of Sydney.

LOCKYER, EDMUND (1784-1860), 創立者 of Albany, Western Australia, [ also 言及する to Edmund LOCKYER page at 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia]

was born at Plymouth on 21 January 1784 and entered the army in 1803 (Aust. Ency.). He became a major in 1819 and （機の）カム to Australia in 1825. He went up the Brisbane River in a boat during that year and in November 1826 was sent in 命令（する） of a detachment of 兵士s to King George's Sound to forestall the French 政府 and 設立する a 解決／入植地 there. He did so and was able to 報告（する）／憶測 that there was 豊富 of water, good 木材／素質, fish and game. The 場所／位置 of Albany was chosen, but when the 解決／入植地 was transferred to the Swan River 政府 in 1831 it was 設立する that little 進歩 had been made. Lockyer returned to Sydney in April 1827, すぐに afterwards retired from the 軍の service, and in 1828 was 任命するd surveyor of roads and 橋（渡しをする）s. This 地位，任命する was 廃止するd by the home 当局 in the に引き続いて year. He then took up and worked a かなりの area of land. に向かって the end of his life he became sergeant at 武器 in the New South むちの跡s 法律を制定する 会議, and subsequently 勧める of the 黒人／ボイコット 棒. He died while still in this position on 10 June 1860. His son, Sir Nicholas Colston Lockyer (1855-1933), entered the public service of New South むちの跡s in 1868, rose to be 長，指導者 commissioner of 課税 and collector of customs, and, transferring to the 連邦／共和国 service in 1901, was 任命するd assistant comptroller-general of customs. He became comptroller1er-general in 1910. He was a member of the interstate （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 from 1913 to 1920 when he retired from the service. He did 価値のある work in connexion with 本国送還. He died on 26 August 1933. He was created C.B.E. in 1918 and was knighted in 1926.

The Army 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）, 1826; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. XII to XV and XIX; J. S. Battye, Western Australia, a History; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 12 June 1860 and 28 August 1933; The Argus, Melbourne, 28 August 1933.

LONG, GEORGE MERRICK (1875-1930), educationist and Anglican bishop,

was born at Carisbrook, Victoria, on 5 November 1875, the youngest child of George Long. Both parents were English. He was educated at Maryborough grammar school, on leaving school entered a bank, but when 19 years of age decided to enter the Church of England 省. He was 受託するd as a student for 宗教上の orders by Bishop Goe (q.v.) of Melbourne, and spent four months as assistant to Archdeacon Herring on the Upper Murray. He entered Trinity College, university of Melbourne, at the beginning of 1896 and 卒業生（する）d B.A. with honours in 1899. He was 任命するd 助祭 in 1899, priest in 1900, and from 1899 was given 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the parish of Foster in South Gippsland, Victoria. It was a large parish which had 苦しむd much from 最近の bushfires in which both the church and vicarage had been burnt to the ground. Long 決起大会／結集させるd his people, a new church and a vicarage were built, and the 影響（力） of his 省 was felt for many years after he left. But Long had been 影響（力）d too. He had lived with men who had wrenched a living from a difficult 国／地域, and he remembered all his days the courage, perseverance and hard work that so often brought them little more than a 明らかにする living. In 1902 when Canon Hindley became archdeacon of Melbourne Long was asked to become his assistant at 宗教上の Trinity Church, Kew, a 郊外 of Melbourne. He had other 申し込む／申し出s which seemed more important, but decided to go to Kew. Both men were strong personalities; it might have been 恐れるd that they would have 衝突／不一致d, but they worked perfectly together. Soon afterwards the question of 設立するing a 第２位 school for boys was raised, and a start was made by 設立するing one for those up to 12 years of age. It was soon realized that one was needed for older boys, but 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty was 設立する in 得るing a suitable headmaster. At last the position was 申し込む／申し出d to Long who was advised by 大司教 Clarke (q.v.) to 受託する it.

Trinity grammar school had about 50 boys when Long took 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金. In a few years the numbers rose to 300, and it continues to be one of the more important schools of its 肉親，親類d in Australia. Long was an excellent headmaster. An old boy of the school has summed up the 態度 of his teaching in a few words, "To resist the brute, to 保護する the weak, to work for the general good, to 直面する the light" (ツバメ Boyd, A 選び出す／独身 炎上, p. 25). Long had many 申し込む／申し出s during his stay at Kew from other churches and in 1910 was made a canon of St Paul's cathedral, Melbourne. In 1911 it was 示唆するd that he should 適用する for the headmastership of Geelong grammar school, one of the six Victorian public schools, but while he was considering this he received a 電報電信 招待するing him to become bishop of Bathurst, in New South むちの跡s. It meant a 削減 in his income, and much hard work and 責任／義務 for a man still only 35 years of age, but after taking advice he decided to 受託する the position.

Long was consecrated bishop of Bathurst on 30 November 1911 and began his work with much energy. He showed that he had a strong 商売／仕事 sense, and at once 始める，決める about placing the 財政／金融s of the diocese on a more 安全な・保証する 地盤. He 設立する the work of the diocese 存在 妨害するd by obsolete 法令／条例s and 後継するd in having them 改訂するd, he encouraged the bush brotherhood which worked in the 辺ぴな 地区s, he 設立するd new schools and began the erection of a new cathedral. His work was interrupted when in 1917 he went to フラン as a chaplain, but in 1918 he was put in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of a movement to 組織する vocational and civil training for the Australian 兵士s. He was given the position of director of education in the A.I.F. with the 階級 of 准將-general. He did 価値のある work in this position, but his health broke "under a 緊張する probably heavier than that borne by any other 広大な／多数の／重要な leader of the A.I.F., from which it is said he never 回復するd". (C. E. W. Bean, 公式の／役人 History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918, vol. VI, p. 1071). He returned to Australia in July 1919 and took up the work of his diocese again. He gave much thought to the 草案ing of a new 憲法 for the Church of England in Australia, and with the 援助 of Sir John Peden the 憲法 was 用意が出来ている and 現在のd to the 条約 held in 1926. Long managed the 事柄 with 広大な／多数の／重要な tact and forbearance, and 結局 the 憲法 was 受託するd by all the dioceses except Sydney which asked for 付加 準備／条項s. In 1927 a coadjutor bishop of Bathurst was 任命するd and at the end of that year Long was elected bishop of Newcastle. Bathurst vainly asked him to stay and the deputation which waited on him 含むd not only members of his own church but men of all the 主要な denominations of the town. Long, however, felt that it was his 義務 to go to Newcastle, and he was enthroned there on 2 May 1928. Newcastle, then a city of about 100,000 inhabitants with a large 産業の 全住民, 申し込む／申し出d a 広大な／多数の／重要な field for a man of his abilities, and he soon made his 影響（力） felt. On one occasion かなりの support was given to the proposition that he should 行為／法令／行動する as 調停者 in a strike at the coal 地雷s. He had been there いっそう少なく than two years when in March 1930 he went to England to …に出席する the Lambeth 会議／協議会. On the second day of the 会議／協議会 Long was taken ill and died on 9 July 1930 of cerebral haemorrhage. He married in 1900 Alexandra, daughter of Alfred Joyce, who 生き残るd him with three sons and three daughters. He was given the 名誉として与えられる degree of LL.D. by Cambridge university in 1918 and by Manchester in 1919. He was created C.B.E. in 1919.

Long was tall, dark and rugged-featured. An 競技者 in his 青年, his obvious 誠実 enabled him to be a good 影響（力） as a student at the university, as a bush parson, and as 長，率いる of a large 第２位 school. His sympathies were with the 手動式の 労働者s, but he did not 干渉する in politics. He was a good though not 広大な／多数の／重要な preacher, and he wrote little, his one excursion into 論争, Papal Pretensions (1913), did not show him at his best. His real strength lay in the fact that no one could come in 接触する with him without 存在 the better for it, and that he was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 組織者, hard-working, tactful, able, and 明白に 捜し出すing what was best for all 関心d. Had he not died at the comparatively 早期に age of 54 there was no ecclesiastical office of his church in Australia to which he would not have become する権利を与えるd.

W. H. Johnson, The Rt Revd George Merrick Long, a Memoir; The Times, 10 July 1930; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 10 and 12 July 1930; C. E. W. Bean, The 公式の／役人 History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918, vol. VI, pp. 1062-3 and 1071; The 公式発表, 16 July 1930; personal knowledge.

LONGSTAFF, SIR JOHN (1862-1941), painter,

was the son of Ralph Longstaff, a storekeeper in the 採掘 town of Clunes, Victoria, and was born on 10 March 1862. He was educated at Clunes 明言する／公表する school, and as a child showed ability in 製図／抽選. He also 実験d in 絵 and wished to become an artist, but his father did not 認可する and the boy was 結局 sent to Melbourne and entered the office of Messrs Sargood, Butler and Nichol. He, however, joined the classes at the 国家の gallery, Melbourne, where his talent was 認めるd by the director, G. F. Folingsby (q.v.), who 誘発するd the 利益／興味 of Mr Butler, one of Longstaff's 雇用者s. He 結局 説得するd the young man's father to 許す his son to give 十分な time to the 熟考する／考慮する of art. In 1886 the 国家の gallery scholarship was 設立するd, and in the に引き続いて year Longstaff won the first 競争 with a picture called "Breaking the News". He went to Paris, 熟考する／考慮するd first under Fernand Cormon, and began 展示（する）ing in 1891 at the 王室の 学院 and at the Old Salon, where he 得るd an honourable について言及する. His work was hung in good positions at the 学院 and salon many times during the coming years. In 1894 his picture, "The サイレン／魅惑的なs", became the 所有物／資産／財産 of the 国家の gallery of Victoria under the 条件 of the travelling scholarship, and in 1898 this gallery 購入（する）d his large landscape "Gippsland, Sunday night, February 20, 1898". His excellent "Lady in 黒人／ボイコット" had been 購入（する）d by the 国家の gallery at Sydney in 1896. Longstaff had returned to Australia in that year and during the next five years he 遂行する／発効させるd many portraits. の中で these may be について言及するd 特に the 熟達した 熟考する／考慮する of Henry Lawson (q.v.), painted 事実上 in one sitting of five hours and 完全にするd with a sitting of one hour the next day. This was （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限d by the proprietors of the 公式発表 when Lawson was passing through Melbourne on his way to England, in 1900, but soon afterwards it was 購入（する）d by the Sydney gallery. In 1901 he was given the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 to paint an Australian historical picture for ｣1000 under the Gilbee bequest. One of its 条件s was that the picture must be painted outside Australia, and probably on this account Longstaff returned to London in 1901.

In England Longstaff built up a sound connexion as a portrait painter and also did some teaching at an art school. He had much difficulty with his Gilbee bequest picture of "Burke and Wills" for which he chose a canvas 14 ft x 9 ft, but it was 結局 完全にするd and 手渡すd to the Melbourne gallery in 1907. He paid a short visit to Australia in 1911, and during the 1914-18 war did a 一連の pictures as a war artist now in the Australian war museum at Canberra. He 設立するd himself 永久的に in Australia in 1923 and 開始するd another 一連の distinguished portraits. He was at different times 大統領，／社長 of the Victorian Artists' Society, the Australian Art 協会, and the Australian 学院 of Art, but he was not anxious to （問題を）取り上げる 行政の work though always 利益／興味d in the work of 約束ing younger men. In 1927 he became a trustee of the 国家の gallery of Victoria and in 1928 he was knighted. He was 絵 同様に as ever when 75 years of age, and looking much younger than his years, until an illness about this time led to a 漸進的な 悪化／低下 in his strength. He, however, was able to …に出席する a 委員会 会合 of the trustees of the 国家の gallery a few days before his death on 1 October 1941. He married in 1887 Rosa, daughter of Henry Crocker, and was 生き残るd by three sons and a daughter. Lady Longstaff had died about four years before.

Tall, handsome, debonair, and 本人自身で popular, Longstaff was wrapped up in his 絵. He had 広大な／多数の／重要な mastery of his 構成要素s and made few 予選 熟考する／考慮するs. No other Australian artist was so uniformly successful with his portraits, but a few seem 特に 著名な such as the "Lawson" and the "Lady in 黒人／ボイコット" at Sydney, and the "Dr Leeper" and "Moscovitch" at Melbourne. His "Lady in Grey" in the Connell collection is a charming example of his 早期に work. His "サイレン／魅惑的なs" is an excellent 支配する picture of its period, and during his last years he did a few good pieces of outdoor work such as the "Morning Sunlight" in the Melbourne gallery. Longstaff is also 代表するd in the galleries at Perth, Bendigo, and Castlemaine, and at Canberra.

J. D. Fitzgerald, The 孤独な 手渡す, June 1908; W. Moore, Life, May 1911; W. Moore, The Story of Australian Art; Art in Australia, April 1931; The 先触れ（する）, 27 November 1919; The Argus, 2 October 1941; Debrett's Peerage, etc., 1936; personal knowledge.

LONSDALE, WILLIAM (1800-1864), first 行政官／管理者 at Port Phillip.

Little can be traced about his 早期に life, his death notice in The Times for 31 March 1864, says he was then 老年の 63, which 示唆するs that he was probably born after March, in 1800. The "Kenyon papers" at the public library at Melbourne give 1802 as his year of birth, and 明言する／公表する that he entered the army as an ensign on 8 July 1819 and became a captain in the King's Own 連隊 of foot in 1834. He arrived in Sydney on 14 December 1831. In September 1836 知事 Bourke (q.v.) 任命するd him police 治安判事 at Port Phillip. His 指示／教授／教育s were that he was given "the general superintendence in the new 解決／入植地 of all such 事柄s as 要求する the 即座の 演習 of the 当局 of the 政府". He arrived in the Rattlesnake 近づく the mouth of the Yarra on 29 September 1836, and remained on it until 30 November while a house was 存在 built for him. The choice of a 場所／位置 for the 公式の／役人 centre of the 解決／入植地 was decided by Lonsdale. He at first preferred the 場所／位置 of Williamstown because of its proximity to the 船の停泊地, but not 存在 able to 得る water there, he decided on the 現在の 場所／位置 of the city. 知事 Bourke visited Port Phillip in March 1837, and in a 派遣（する） to Lord Glenelg 時代遅れの 14 June 報告（する）／憶測d that Lonsdale "had 行為／行うd the 変化させるd 義務s of his 駅／配置する with 広大な／多数の／重要な ability and zeal". Lonsdale 辞職するd from the army in March and his salary of ｣250 per 年 was then 増加するd to ｣300. He had trouble with Robert Russell (q.v.) 早期に in 1839. Russell had begun the 調査する of Melbourne in November 1836, but in May 1837 Hoddle arrived from Sydney, took the 調査する over, and Russell later became clerk of 作品. Lonsdale considered he was not 適切に 監督するing the men engaged upon roads and buildings, but Russell questioned his 当局 in this and other 事柄s, and in May 1839 Lonsdale was 強いるd to 示唆する that Russell should no longer be 保持するd in the service. La Trobe (q.v.) arrived in Melbourne on 1 October 1839, and in April 1840 Lonsdale was 任命するd sub-treasurer at a salary of ｣400 a year and house. Though his salary was not large he was 明らかに of good 財政上の standing as Gipps (q.v.), in his 派遣（する） of 14 July 1840, について言及するs that Lonsdale had "given 安全 to the 量 of ｣8000". In October 1846, when La Trobe went to Tasmania to 行為／法令／行動する 一時的に as 知事, Lonsdale took his place at Melbourne. In July 1851, when Victoria was separated from New South むちの跡s, Lonsdale was 任命するd its first 植民地の 長官. He held this office until July 1853, when he became 植民地の treasurer with a salary of ｣1500 a year (Victorian Blue 調書をとる／予約する, 1851). He returned to England about the year 1855, and lived in 退職 until his death at London on 28 March 1864. He married in April 1835 Martha, daughter of B. Smith, who 生き残るd him with two sons. Lonsdale-street, Melbourne, is 指名するd after him, and there is a portrait of him at the Mitchell library, Sydney. He was an admirable public servant, just and competent, always spoken of with 尊敬（する）・点 in the chronicles of the period.

Sir Ernest Scott, The Victorian Historical Magazine, vols. IV, pp. 97-116, and VI, pp. 145-159; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. XVIII, XX, XXII, XXIII, XXV; Victoria the First Century; R. D. Boys, First Years at Port Phillip; Kenyon papers, Public Library, Melbourne.

LORD, SIMEON (1773-1840), 開拓する merchant,

was born in 1773. He was 輸送（する）d to New South むちの跡s, probably for a trifling, and certainly a youthful offence, for he was only 18 when he arrived in 1791. In a few years he 設立するd a general 商品／売買する and 機関 商売／仕事, and in 1800 with a partner 購入（する）d a brig the Anna Josepha. He also became an auctioneer and 栄えるd, a return made in 1804 said that the "概算の value of 商業の articles 輸入するd from abroad in the 手渡すs of Simeon Lord and other 売買業者s was ｣15,000". Though his position was not 類似の with that of Robert Campbell (q.v.), it is （疑いを）晴らす that already he was one of the 主要な merchants of Sydney. His 商売／仕事 was on the 場所／位置 of the corner of 橋（渡しをする）-street and Macquarie-place. In 1807 Bligh (q.v.) spoke 逆に about his 商売／仕事 取引 with the masters of ships, and 裁判官 Field (q.v.) several years later spoke in a 類似の way. Aspersions of this 肉親，親類d against members of the emancipist class at this period must, however, be 受託するd with 警告を与える. No 疑問 Lord was a keen 商売／仕事 man 井戸／弁護士席 able to look after his own 利益／興味s, but he also had 企業 and courage, 価値のある 質s in the developing 植民地. He was engaged in 貿易（する） with New Zealand, and in 1809 had the misfortune to lose a 価値のある 貨物 of sealskins in the Boyd, which he had 借り切る／憲章d and sent to New Zealand to 完全にする its 貨物 with a consignment of spars. The captain flogged a Maori 長，指導者 for 申し立てられた／疑わしい misbehaviour, and in consequence the 大型船 was （警察の）手入れ，急襲d and 略奪するd, nearly everyone on board 存在 killed. In spite of this 災害 Lord joined in an 試みる／企てる to 得る a monopoly to 設立する a flax 農園 in New Zealand, and 製造（する） canvas and cordage from it in Sydney. The monopoly was, however, not 認めるd and Lord turned his 手渡すs to other things. He 雇うd a man to 実験 in dyes and tanning, and was the first to weave with Australian wool. He 後継するd in weavings coarse cloths, 一面に覆う／毛布s and stockings and also made hats.

Long before this, in May 1810, Lord was made a 治安判事 and he became a たびたび（訪れる） guest at 政府 house. Macquarie in his 派遣（する） to Viscount Castlereagh 明言する／公表するing his 意向 to make Lord a 治安判事 述べるd him as "an opulent merchant". He was, however, a man of little education, and when J. T. Bigge (q.v.) was making his 調査s in 1819-20, the 申し立てられた／疑わしい unsuitability of Lord for his position was used as a stick to （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域 Macquarie. Lord soon afterwards 辞職するd and appears to have been いっそう少なく 繁栄する in his 商売／仕事 for a period. He, however, 後継するd in 構内／化合物ing a （人命などを）奪う，主張する for land 再開するd for public 目的s in Sydney, by 受託するing in 1828 a large 認める of land in the country. He did not come into public notice after this, and died on 29 January 1840. He married and his sons were 井戸／弁護士席-known in public life. One of them, George William Lord (1818-80), a pastoralist, was elected to the first New South むちの跡s 法律を制定する 議会 in 1856, and transferred to the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1877. He was 植民地の treasurer in the third ツバメ (q.v.) 省 from December 1870 to May 1872. Another son, Francis Lord, was a member of 議会 for many years, and a third son, Edward Lord, became city treasurer at Sydney.

A. W. Jose, 建設業者s and 開拓するs of Australia; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. II, IV to X, XIV, ser. IV, vol. I; J. M. Forde, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, Vol. III, pp. 569-75.

LOWE, ROBERT, VISCOUNT SHERBROOKE (1811-1892), 政治家，政治屋,

was the son of the Rev. Robert Lowe, rector of Bingham and prebendary of Southwell, Notts. His mother was the daughter of the Rev. Reginald Pyndar. Lowe was born at Bingham in Nottinghamshire, on 4 December 1811. He was an albino, and his sight was so weak that at first it was thought he was unfit to be sent to school. In 1822 he went to a school at Southwell, then to one at Risley, and in 1825 to Winchester as a commoner. In his fragment of autobiography he gives an unpleasing picture of the under-feeding and other 条件s of the school life of that time. Latin and Greek were then the main 支配するs of 熟考する／考慮する and Lowe 記録，記録的な／記録するs that both were 平易な to him. In 1829 he went to University College, Oxford, and 設立する the change delightful. Though he idled in his first year he 卒業生（する）d in 1833 with a first class in classics and a second class in mathematics, a remarkable feat for a man so 妨害するd by his sight. The Union 審議ing Society at that time had many brilliant members, but Lowe more than held his own, and was considered one of the finest （衆議院の）議長s in the union. In 1835 he was elected fellow of Magdalen, and on 29 March 1836 was married to Georgiana, daughter of George Orred, and became a very successful 私的な 教える. His time was so taken up that J. A. Froude 記録，記録的な／記録するs that he had wished to become Lowe's pupil but there was no room for him. Lowe decided to go to London and practise 法律 and was called to the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 in January 1842. His 熟考する／考慮するs, however, had 負傷させるd his already weak 注目する，もくろむs, and he was advised by specialists that they would not last longer than seven years. Realizing the difficulties of 得るing an important position in London in so short a period, Lowe decided to emigrate to Sydney and practise as a conveyancer. He sailed on S June 1842 and arrived at Sydney 正確に／まさに four months later.

Lowe and his wife both formed a good opinion of the 植民地 and its 未来 prospects, in spite of the 厳しい 財政上の 不景気 through which it was passing. A few months later, however, Lowe's 注目する，もくろむs became so bad he was forbidden to read, a 広大な／多数の／重要な deprivation for a man of so active a mind. Much time was spent in visiting friends in the country but after 存在 idle for nearly nine months Lowe in November 1843 began again to practise his profession. In the same month he was 任命するd to a vacancy in the 法律を制定する 会議, and at once made his 示す as an orator. He had been 指名するd to the 会議 by the 知事, Sir Geo. Gipps (q.v.) who probably hoped to find in him a 価値のある 同盟（する）. But Lowe was not the 肉親，親類d of man to be trammelled in this way and he subsequently became a bitter 対抗者 of Gipps. How 独立した・無所属 he could be was shown when Dr Lang (q.v.) as a 代表者／国会議員 of Port Phillip moved a 動議 for the 分離 of that 地区 from New South むちの跡s, for Lowe was his only 支持者 apart from the other 代表者／国会議員s of the Port Phillip 地区. In August 1844, having 完全にするd the 報告（する）／憶測 of the Select 委員会 on Education of which he was chairman, Lowe 辞職するd his seat as a 指名された人 member of the 法律を制定する 会議. He had 設立する the position untenable. As he afterwards 述べるd it: "If I 投票（する）d with the 政府 I was in danger of 存在 reproached as a mere 道具; and if I 投票（する）d with the 対立, as I did on most questions, I was reproached by the 公式の／役人s as a 反逆者 to the 政府."

Three months after his 辞職 from the 会議 Lowe became associated with the 設立するing of the Atlas newspaper, and was the 主要な／長／主犯 of a brilliant 禁止（する）d of contributors. He wrote most of the 主要な articles, and his satirical 詩（を作る）s became a 認めるd feature of the 定期刊行物. He was a member of the Pastoral 協会 of New South むちの跡s and was a 主要な 支持する of land 改革（する）. Gipps, though his 力／強力にするs were still 広大な／多数の／重要な, was not in the position to be such a 完全にする autocrat as the 早期に 知事s, but he held 堅固に to the 見解（をとる） that the 植民地 must 支払う／賃金 its way, and 主張するd on the collection of やめる-rents which had been 許すd to 落ちる into （一時的）停止. Lowe （機の）カム 今後 for 選挙 to the 会議 in 対立 to this 政策, and in April 1845 was elected 反対者のない. His practice as a barrister had been growing, and he was fortunate in 存在 able to make 投資s in Sydney 所有物／資産／財産 which became very profitable. It was everywhere realized that he was one of the most gifted （衆議院の）議長s in the 会議, and at a 祝宴 given to W. C. Wentworth (q.v.) in January 1846, his speech was held to have far より勝るd that of Wentworth. He never lost an 適切な時期 for 支持するing the 権利s of the 植民地s. "If," he said, "the 代表者／国会議員 of Middlesex （人命などを）奪う，主張するs a 権利 to 支配（する）／統制する the 運命s of New South むちの跡s, the 代表者／国会議員 of New South むちの跡s should have a corresponding 影響（力） on the 運命s of Middlesex." に向かって the end of 1846 he stopped 与える／捧げるing to the Atlas, and gave much time to the 会議. He had at first been on the 味方する of the 無断占拠者s who had been passing through a period of 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty, but when in September 1847 Earl Grey's orders in 会議 arrived which 事実上 手渡すd over the country lands to a comparatively small number of 栄冠を与える tenants, Lowe threw his 負わせる in the other 規模. He was not …に反対するd to the 無断占拠者s. "I would give them every 激励," he said . . . "but to give them a permanency of 占領／職業 of those lands--those lands to which they had no better 権利 than that of any other colonist . . . I can never 同意 to."

Another 燃やすing question at this time was the 提案するd 再開 of 犯罪の transportation. The 無断占拠者s were anxious to have the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs as 割り当てるd servants, but there was a strong 団体／死体 of public opinion …に反対するd to その上の transportation. Of this 団体／死体 Lowe was one of the leaders. He was also 目だつ in the agitation for land 改革（する）. His 治療（薬） was to 減ずる the upset price of land to five shillings an acre, leaving the 無断占拠者s in 所有／入手 until bona-fide 植民／開拓者s 現実に 購入（する）d the land. Lowe was not successful at the time, but continued 成果／努力s 結局 brought about the much 願望（する）d 打ち明けるing of the land of Australia many years later. At the 総選挙 of 1848 Lowe was again elected, and in May made a 広大な／多数の／重要な speech in 対立 to the new 憲法 that had been 提案するd by Earl Grey, and the 計画／陰謀 was abandoned. In the に引き続いて year he made an eloquent speech at the public 会合 held on Circular Quay when the 罪人／有罪を宣告する ship Hashemy arrived, and was one of the deputation of six that waited on the 知事, Sir Charles Fitzroy (q.v.). The 抗議するs of this 会合 事実上 made an end of the old 罪人／有罪を宣告する system. In January 1850 Lowe and his wife sailed for England, and although he often spoke of revisiting Australia he never did so. His 投資s in real 広い地所 at Sydney made him financially 独立した・無所属 for the 残り／休憩（する） of his life.

Arrived in England Lowe at first ーするつもりであるd to practise at the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業, but in April 1851 he joined the staff of The Times for which he wrote a 広大な／多数の／重要な number of articles on 法律 改革（する） and many other 支配するs. In July 1852 he was elected to the house of ありふれたs for Kidderminster which he 代表するd for some years. In December he was 任命するd a 共同の 長官 of the board of 支配（する）／統制する for India, which position he held until January 1855. In August of that year he became 副／悪徳行為-大統領，／社長 of the board of 貿易（する） in Palmerston's 省, and his その後の career was very distinguished. He was （ドイツなどの）首相／（大学の）学長 of the exchequer from 1868 to 1873, and home 長官 in 1873-4. He was created Viscount Sherbrooke in 1880. In his last days his marvellous memory began to fail and he died on 27 July 1892. His first wife died on 3 November 1884. In 1885 he married Caroline, daughter of Thomas Sneyd, who 生き残るd him. There was no 問題／発行する of either marriage. His Speeches and Letters on 改革（する）, published in 1867, went into a second 版 in the same year, and many of his other speeches were published 分かれて. Poems of a Life, published in 1885, 含むs several of the 詩（を作る）s written in Australia, some of which show his ability as a satirist and can still be read with 利益／興味.

Lowe was a 広大な／多数の／重要な orator and had a brilliant intellect. He has been compared not unfavourably in these 尊敬（する）・点s with both Disraeli and Gladstone. Handicapped by his eyesight, a mordant tongue, and a difficulty in 存在 患者 with people of little ability, he made some enemies and scarcely reached his 十分な 高さ in politics. At heart he was of a kindly nature, and while at Sydney 可決する・採択するd and brought up two 孤児 children. Sir William Windeyer (q.v.) has also told us that after his father's 早期に death he 設立する in Lowe a generous friend, and that he 借りがあるd the continuance of his education to his 親切. Lowe （機の）カム to Australia when she was just shaking herself 解放する／自由な from the 専制政治 of the 早期に 知事s, and with other distinguished men of the time fought a good fight and did 価値のある work for her.

A. Patchett ツバメ, Life and Letters of Viscount Sherbrooke, and Australia and the Empire; J. F. Hogan, Robert Lowe, Viscount Sherbrooke; James Bryce, 熟考する／考慮するs in 同時代の Biography; Walter Bagehot, 作品, vol. V, 1915; Sir Henry Parkes, Fifty Years of Australian History; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. XXIII, XXV, XXVI; S. Elliott Napier, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. XVIII, pp. 1-31.

LOWRIE, WILLIAM (1857-1933), 農業の educationist,

was the son of a shepherd, and was born 近づく Galashiels Scotland, in 1857. He was brought up on a farm and had 十分な schooling to be able to enter Edinburgh university. He 卒業生（する）d M.A. in 1883, and 得るing a Highland and 農業の Society's bursary in 1884, 熟考する／考慮するd 農業 and 卒業生（する）d B.Sc. In 1887 he was 任命するd 主要な／長／主犯 of the Roseworthy 農業の College, South Australia, where he made a special 熟考する／考慮する of the 影響s of fallowing and the use of water soluble phosphates as manures. に引き続いて this Lowrie travelled throughout the wheat-growing 地区s of South Australia, 演説（する）／住所ing 農業者s and endeavouring to 説得する them to 可決する・採択する his methods. In 1901 he went to New Zealand as 主要な／長／主犯 of the Lincoln 農業の College, Canterbury, and seven years later became director of 農業 in Western Australia. In 1909 he 拒絶する／低下するd the 申し込む／申し出 of the 議長，司会を務める of 農業 at the university of Sydney. He returned to South Australia in 1912 as director of 農業, but 辞職するd in 1914 借りがあるing to differences of opinion with the 大臣 for 農業 regarding the 再組織 of the department. After his 退職 Lowrie took up farming at Echunga, South Australia, and 専攻するd in pure-bred 国境 Leicester sheep. He died at Echunga on 20 July 1933. Lowrie did excellent work, 特に in South Australia; no man of his time did more to make farming payable.

The Advertiser, Adelaide, 22 July 1933.

LUCAS, ARTHUR HENRY SHAKESPEARE (1853-1936), schoolmaster and scientist,

son of the Rev. Samuel Lucas, Wesleyan 大臣, was born at Stratford-on-Avon on 7 May 1853. His father was much 利益／興味d in 地質学 and botany, and the boy developed an 利益／興味 in natural science. His 早期に childhood was spent in Cornwall, and when he was about nine years of age a move was made to Stow on the Wold in Gloucestershire. Here Lucas went to his first 私的な school, but soon afterwards was sent to the new Kingswood school at Bath, where he was given a sound education in the classics, modern languages, and mathematics. In 1870 he went to Balliol College, Oxford, with an 展示, and mixed with men of whom many became the most distinguished of their time. An illness before his final examination 妨げるd him from having any chance of high honours, but he later won the Burdett-Coutts 地質学の scholarship. He then went to London to begin a 医療の course, and won the 入り口 science scholarship to the London hospital in the east end. When he was halfway through his course his 年上の brother was ordered to leave England and went to Australia. Lucas abandoned his course, became a master at The Leys school, Cambridge, and 供給するd for his brother's three young children whose mother had died. He had 以前 won the gold メダル at an examination for botany held by the Apothecaries Society, open to all 医療の students of the London schools. Lucas enjoyed his five years experience at The Leys school. He 設立する the boys frank, cheery and high-spirited, fond of games and yet able to do good work in the class-rooms. He played in the football team, until he broke his collar-bone, and 設立するd a natural history society of which the whole school became members. A museum was 設立するd to which Lucas gave his father's 罰金 collection of 化石s, and also the family collection of 工場／植物s, which 含む／封じ込めるd 1200 out of the 1400 述べるd 種類 of British flowering 工場／植物s and ferns. The museum grew in after years, and 得るd a 評判 at Cambridge when one of the boys made 利益／興味ing finds in the pleistocene beds of the （機の）カム valley. Some work done by Lucas in the 小島 of Wight, the results of which were given in a paper published in the 地質学の Magazine, led to Lucas 存在 elected a fellow of the 地質学の Society. He 適用するd in 1882 for the headmastership of Wesley College, Melbourne, but the 任命 was given to A. S. Way (q.v.). Later on he was 任命するd mathematical and science master at the same school, arrived in Melbourne at the end of January 1883, and すぐに began his work.

Lucas had a career of just over 40 years as a school teacher in Australia. He was 10 years at Wesley College, and was then at the end of 1892 任命するd headmaster of Newington College, Sydney. During his six years at Newington the number of pupils 増加するd by 50 per cent and the school had much academic success. In 1899 he became 上級の mathematical and science master at the Sydney grammar school, was 事実上の／代理 headmaster for part of the war years, and finally headmaster from 1920 to 1923. He was an admirable teacher, beloved by many 世代s of schoolboys, and 演習ing 広大な／多数の／重要な moral 影響（力） on them. He did not 限定する his life to school work, and while at Wesley College also lectured on 自然科学 to the colleges at the university of Melbourne, and in later years lectured on physiography at the university of Sydney. He also took much 利益／興味 in the さまざまな learned societies, and during his 早期に days at Melbourne was 大統領，／社長 of the Field Naturalist's Club and edited the Victorian Naturalist for some years. He was a member of the 会議 of the 王室の Society of Victoria, and subsequently of the Linnean Society of New South むちの跡s, of which he also became 大統領，／社長. He 与える／捧げるd many papers to their 訴訟／進行s; a 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of over 60 of them will be 設立する in the 訴訟／進行s of the Linnean Society of New South むちの跡s, vol. LXII, pp. 250-2. He wrote with Arthur Dendy An Introduction to the 熟考する／考慮する of Botany which was published in 1892 (3rd ed. 1915), with W. H. D. Le Souef, The Animals of Australia (1909), and The Birds of Australia (1911). After retiring from school teaching at 70 years of age, Lucas became 事実上の／代理-professor of mathematics at the university of Tasmania for over two years. He afterwards continued his 科学の 熟考する／考慮するs, giving particular attention to the algae on which he was the Australian 当局. His handbook, Part 1 of The 海草s of South Australia was 問題／発行するd just after his death. He 契約d a 冷淡な while working on the 激しく揺するs at Warrnambool in May 1936, and during the 旅行 to his home 崩壊（する）d on the train at Albury. He was taken to a 私的な hospital and died on 10 June. He married in August 1882 Charlotte Christmas who died in 1919. He was 生き残るd by three daughters.

Lucas was modest, 完全に unselfish and 肉親，親類d. He was a 罰金 scholar, learned in several languages and in several sciences. かもしれない if he had 限定するd himself to one department he might have 得るd more distinction, but his work in any department was worthy of 尊敬（する）・点. He 階級s の中で the greater Australian schoolmasters, and he was one of the best all-一連の会議、交渉／完成する Australian scientists of his time. His portrait by Hanke hangs in the 議会 Hall of the Sydney grammar school. His 利益／興味ing autobiography, A. H. S. Lucas, Scientist, His Own Story, with 評価s by 同時代のs, was published in 1937.

A. H. S. Lucas, Scientist, His Own Story; H. J. Carter, 訴訟／進行s of the Linnean Society of South むちの跡s, vol. LXII, pp. 243-52; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 11 June 1936.

LYCETT, JOSEPH (17?-18?), artist,

was 輸送（する）d to Australia about the year 1810 for 偽造. While 雇うd in the police office at Sydney he again committed 偽造 and was sent to Newcastle. There he painted an altar piece for the church, and on the 推薦 of Captain Wallis, the commandant, was given a 条件付きの 容赦. He returned to Sydney, was 許すd to practise his art, and in 1820 知事 Macquarie (q.v.) sent three of his 絵s to Earl Bathurst. Lycett also visited Tasmania and did some 絵 there. He appears to have received a 容赦, and returned to England about the end of 1822. Between July 1824 and June 1825 he 問題／発行するd 見解（をとる）s in Australia, or New South むちの跡s and 先頭 Dieman's Land in 13 parts. These 見解（をとる）s were reissued in a 容積／容量 in 1825. The 50 plates are coloured in some copies and plain in others. Nothing more is definitely known about Lycett. A manuscript 公式文書，認める in a copy of his 見解（をとる）s at the Mitchell library 明言する／公表するs that after its 出版（物） he lived in the west of England, got into trouble again, and committed 自殺. There is a water-colour 見解（をとる） of Sydney by him in the William Dixson gallery at the Mitchell library, and a "Panoramic 見解（をとる）", 1825, of Hobart, was engraved by G. Scharf. Probably this date should be 1822 or 1823.

Sir W. Dixson, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. V, p. 242; 事実上 this is the only source of （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） about Lycett apart from 言及／関連s on pp. 291 and 823 in vol. X, Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I; W. Moore, The Story of Australian Art; J. A. Ferguson, Bibliography of Australia.

LYNCH, ARTHUR ALFRED (1861-1934), philosophical and miscellaneous writer,

was born at Smythesdale 近づく Ballarat, Victoria, in 1861. He never used his second 指名する. His father, a civil engineer who had fought at the Eureka Stockade, was Irish, his mother was Scotch. He was educated at Grenville College, Ballarat, and the university of Melbourne, where he took the degrees of B.A. in 1885 and M.A. in 1887. He also qualified as a civil engineer and practised this profession for a short period in Melbourne. About 1890 he went to Berlin, 熟考する／考慮するd 科学の 支配するs and psychology, and going on to London took up journalism. In 1892 he contested Galway as a Parnellite 候補者 but was 敗北・負かすd. In 1899 he was Paris 特派員 for a London daily paper and, his sympathy 存在 with the Boers in the war, he decided to go to South Africa to see events の近くに at 手渡す. He went as a war 特派員, and making his way to Pretoria met General Botha, decided to throw in his lot with the Boers, and 組織するd a 軍隊／機動隊 of Irishmen, Cape colonists and others, whose sympathies were …に反対するd to the British. He was given the 階級 of 陸軍大佐 and saw much active service. From South Africa Lynch went to the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs, and returning to Paris, stood for Galway in November 1901 as a 国家主義者 候補者 and was elected in his absence. On going to London he was 逮捕（する）d, held in gaol for eight months, tried for 背信 before three 裁判官s, and on 23 January 1903 was 設立する 有罪の and 宣告，判決d to be hanged. This 宣告，判決 was すぐに 減刑する／通勤するd to penal servitude for life, and a year later Lynch was 解放（する）d on licence by the Balfour 政府. In July 1907 he was given a 解放する／自由な 容赦, and in 1909 was elected a member of the house of ありふれたs for West Clare, Ireland. He held this seat until 1918, and during the war did good service for the British 政府. In his autobiography he （人命などを）奪う，主張するs that he was one of the earliest to fight for まとまり of 命令（する）. He was given the 階級 of 陸軍大佐 and endeavoured to enlist men in Ireland for the 連合した 原因（となる） without success. After losing his seat in 1918 Lynch, who had qualified as a 内科医 many years before, practised in London at Haverstock Hill. He died in London on 25 March 1934. He married in 1895 Annie daughter of the Rev. John D. Powell, a marriage that "never lost its happiness" (My Life Story, p. 85). He had no children.

Lynch wrote and published a large number of 調書をとる／予約するs 範囲ing from poetry to an 試みる／企てる to 反駁する Einstein's theory of 相対性. His 詩（を作る） was clever and satirically Byronic, and his essays and 熟考する／考慮するs show much reading and acuteness of mind. E. Morris Miller, himself a professor of philosophy, について言及するs Lynch's "high 評判 as a 批判的な and philosophical writer 特に for his 出資／貢献s to psychology and 倫理学" (Australian Literature, p. 273). His 調書をとる／予約する on 相対性 can be read only by people with the necessary mathematical 器具／備品, but Lynch 率d it as one of his best pieces of work. His 出版（物）s 含む Modern Authors (1891), Approaches the Poor Scholar's 追求（する），探索（する） of a メッカ (1892), A Koran of Love (1894), Our Poets (1894), Religio Athletae (1895), Human 文書s (1896), Prince Azreel (1911), Psychology; A New System, 2 vols. (1912), 目的 and 進化 (1913), Sonnets of the 旗，新聞一面トップの大見出し／大々的に報道する and the 星／主役にする (1914), Ireland: 決定的な Hour (1915), Poppy Meadows, Roman Philosophique (1915), La Nouvelle Ethique (1917), L'進化 dons ses 和合s avec l'ethique (1917), Moments of Genius (1919), The Immortal Caravel (1920), Moods of Life (1921), O'Rourke the 広大な／多数の／重要な (1921), 倫理学, an 解説，博覧会 of 原則s (1922), 原則s of Psychology (1923), Seraph Wings (1923), My Life Story (1924), Science, 主要な and 誤って導くing (1927), The Rosy Fingers (1929), The 事例／患者 Against Einstein (1932). Some of these 容積／容量s are difficult to procure, and it was not possible to 協議する all of them.

Lynch was an able writer with an 激烈な／緊急の, honest and unusual mind, but he was a little like the Irish 移民，移住（する） who asked whether there was a 政府 in this country "because if so I am against it". There was also a touch of Don Quixote in him; but if in 攻撃するing against windmills he was いつかs unhorsed, he bore no malice against anyone. He more than once in his writings 言及するs to his love for his native country, but there is little or no trace of his 早期に 環境 in his work. He would probably have had a higher standing had he 専攻するd in one direction.

My Life Story; The Times, 26 March 1934; The 公式発表, 4 February 1904; Calendar of the University of Melbourne, 1888.

LYNE, SIR WILLIAM JOHN (1844-1913), 首相 of New South むちの跡s and 連邦の 大臣,

eldest son of John Lyne, for some time a member of the Tasmanian house of 議会, and his wife, Lilias Cross Carmichael, daughter of James Hume of Edinburgh, was born at Apslawn, Tasmania, on 6 April 1844. He was educated at Horton College, Ross, Tasmania, and subsequently by a 教える, the Rev. H. P. Kane. He left Tasmania when he was 20 to （問題を）取り上げる land in northern Queensland, but finding the 気候 did not 控訴 him, returned to Tasmania a year later. He became 会議 clerk at Glamorgan and lived there for 10 years, but left for the 本土／大陸 again in 1875 and took up land at Cumberoona 近づく Albury, New South むちの跡s. In 1880 he was elected a member of the 法律を制定する 議会 for Hume, and remained the 代表者／国会議員 of that 地区 in the New South むちの跡s 議会 and in the 連邦の house of 代表者／国会議員s until a few weeks before his death. In 1885 he （機の）カム into the first Dibbs (q.v.) 省 as 長官 for public 作品. Dibbs 辞職するd a few weeks later but Lyne was given the same 大臣の地位 in the P. A. Jennings (q.v.) 省 formed in February 1886. This 閣僚 lasted いっそう少なく than a year, but when Dibbs formed his second 省 in January 1889 Lyne was made 長官 for lands. He was out of office again seven weeks later, the 普通の／平均（する） life of a 閣僚 at this period was about eight months, but Lyne was at last able to settle 負かす／撃墜する as a 大臣 in October 1891, when he became 大臣 for public 作品 in the third Dibbs 省 which lasted until August 1894. Lyne was a strong 保護貿易論者 and fought hard for a high 関税, but the 解放する／自由な-貿易（する） party was still very strong in New South むちの跡s, and the G. H. Reid (q.v.) 省 which now （機の）カム into 力／強力にする remained in office until September 1899. It might indeed have lasted until the coming of 連合, and there was a feeling that whoever might then be 首相 of the mother 植民地 would be asked to form the first 閣僚. Reid, however, had ゆだねるd J. C. Neild with a 準備 of a 報告（する）／憶測 upon old age 年金s, and had 約束d the leader of the 労働 party that he would give no 支払い（額） for this without the 許可／制裁 of 議会. Finding that the work was much greater than he 推定する／予想するd, Neild had asked for and 得るd an 前進する in 予期 of a 投票（する）. Lyne, by a clever 改正 of a 投票（する） of want of 信用／信任, made it 事実上 impossible for the 労働 party to support Reid. Thus Lyne who had been a 一貫した 対抗者 of 連合 held the coveted position of 首相 of New South むちの跡s at the 夜明け of the 連邦／共和国. It is true that Lyne had been one of the 代表者／国会議員s of New South むちの跡s at the 1897 条約 and sat on the 財政／金融 委員会, but he did not have an important 影響（力） on the 審議s. When the （選挙などの）運動をする began before the 国民投票 of 1898 Lyne 宣言するd himself against the 法案, and at the second 国民投票 held in 1899 he was the only New South むちの跡s 条約 代表者／国会議員 who was still 不満な with the 修正するd 法案. Reid after some vacillation had, however, 宣言するd himself whole-heartedly on the 味方する of 連合, and the 国民投票 showed a 相当な 大多数 on the "Yes" 味方する.

B. R. Wise, in his The Making of the Australian 連邦／共和国, 明言する／公表するs that when Lyne became leader of the 対立 he 保証するd Barton (q.v.) that he would not be a competitor for the distinction of 首相 of the 連邦／共和国, and that the 知事-general, Lord Hopetoun (q.v.), had been 知らせるd of this 協定. This would account for Lyne as 首相 of New South むちの跡s 存在 asked as a 事柄 of 儀礼 to form a 政府. But the general public knew nothing of this, and there was a general gasp of astonishment when the 申し込む／申し出 became known, and it was realized that men like Barton and Deakin (q.v.) who had led the movement had been passed over. Lyne 試みる／企てるd to form a 省, and if Deakin had 受託するd the position 申し込む／申し出d to him, might have 後継するd. But Deakin was loyal to Barton, and Lyne could only recommend that Barton should be sent for. Lyne became 大臣 for home 事件／事情／状勢s in his 閣僚 on 1 January 1901. He held this position until Kingston left the 閣僚, and became 大臣 for 貿易（する） and customs in his stead on 7 August 1903. He 保持するd this position when Deakin became 首相 に向かって the end of September. The 総選挙 held in December 1903 resulted in the return of three nearly equal parties, and Deakin was 軍隊d to 辞職する in April 1904 but （機の）カム 支援する into 力／強力にする in July 1905 with Lyne in his old position.

In April 1907 Lyne …を伴ってd Deakin to the 植民地の 会議／協議会 and endeavoured to 説得する the English 政治家，政治屋s that they were foolish in 粘着するing to their 政策 of 自由貿易. Some of his speeches were scarcely tactful or reasonable, but he showed prescience in his 声明 that it is "a peculiarity of the British race that it rarely, if ever, 予知するs, or is 設立する 用意が出来ている to 会合，会う, those greater 緊急s which periodically 示す the 記録，記録的な／記録する of every nation in history. With characteristic 信用／信任, it ignores the most potent 警告s, 信用ing to 失敗 through somehow or other".

Deakin and Lyne returned to Australia in June, and when Sir John Forrest 辞職するd his position as treasurer at the end of July 1907, Lyne 後継するd him. In November 1908 the 労働 party withdrew its support from Deakin, and Fisher (q.v.) 後継するd him and held office until June 1909 when Deakin and Joseph Cook joined 軍隊s and formed the いわゆる "Fusion" 政府. Lyne's omission from this 政府 broke his friendship with Deakin. His bitter denunciations of his one-time friend continued during the 11 months the 省 lasted. However personal the attacks might be Deakin never replied. The 労働 party （機の）カム in with a large 大多数 in April 1910 and Lyne was not in office again. He died on 3 August 1913. He was twice married, and was 生き残るd by one son and three daughters of the first marriage and by Lady Lyne and her daughter. He had been created K.C.M.G. in 1900.

Lyne was more of a 政治家，政治屋 than a 政治家, always inclined to take a somewhat 狭くする 見解（をとる） of politics. He did some good work when 首相 of New South むちの跡s by putting through the 早期に の近くにing 法案, the 産業の 仲裁 法案, and bringing in 卒業生（する）d death 義務s; but even these 対策 were part of his 取引 with the 労働 party. He was tall and vigorous, in his younger days a typical Australian bushman. He knew every one in his 選挙民 and was a good friend to all. He was bluff and frank and it was said of him that he was a man whose 手渡す went instinctively into his pocket when any 控訴，上告 was made to him. In 議会 he was 勇敢な and a vigorous 行政官／管理者. Scarcely an orator he was a good tactician, and though 影を投げかけるd by greater men like Barton, Reid and Deakin, his 見解（をとる）s had much 影響（力） in his time. In his 早期に political life he was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 支持する of irrigation, and in 連邦の politics he had much to do with the 形態／調整ing of the 政策 of 保護 結局 可決する・採択するd by the 連邦／共和国.

The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 4 August 1913; B. R. Wise, The Making of the Australian 連邦／共和国; H. G. Turner, First １０年間 of the Australian 連邦／共和国; W. Murdoch, Alfred Deakin; Sir George Reid, My Reminiscences; H. V. Evatt, Australian 労働 Leader.

LYONS, JOSEPH ALOYSIUS (1879-1939), 首相 of Australia,

was born at Circular 長，率いる 近づく Stanley, Tasmania, on 15 September 1879. His father, Michael Lyons, was a successful 農業者 who afterwards engaged in a butchery and パン屋 商売／仕事, but lost this on account of bad health, and subsequently was 軍隊d to work as a labourer. His mother, a woman of courage and endurance, did much to keep the family of eight children together, but Joseph had to begin work at an 早期に age. By the time he was 12 he had been an errand boy in a 蓄える／店, a boy in a newspaper office, and had done scrub-cutting and farm work. Then two aunts at Stanley 設立する him a home and encouraged him in his work at the 地元の 明言する／公表する school. By the time he was 17 he had qualified as a teacher in the education department, and some years later he 再開するd his 熟考する／考慮するs at the Philip Smith Teachers' Training College, Hobart. As a teacher in the education department he 支持するd 教育の 改革（する）s, and became 十分に 目だつ to be the 支配する of a 審議 in the Tasmanian 議会. In 1909 he 辞職するd from the department to become a 候補者 in the 労働 利益／興味 for Wilmot, and was elected to the Tasmanian house of 議会. There he continued his 利益／興味 in 教育の questions, and was able to do much to 回復する peace in the teaching service. He also fought 首尾よく for the 広げるing of 教育の 施設s and the 設立 of high schools in Tasmania. In April 1914 he became treasurer, 大臣 for 鉄道s and for education in the J. Earle (q.v.) 省. This 省 lasted for a few days over two years, 含むing the beginning of the 1914-18 war, and Lyons as treasurer showed ability in managing the 財政／金融s of the 明言する／公表する, and helping to keep 産業 going until 15 April 1916 when the 省 was 敗北・負かすd. He had …に反対するd conscription, and when Earle was lost to the party on this 問題／発行する Lyons was elected leader and was in 対立 until 25 October 1923, when he became 首相, treasurer and 大臣 for 鉄道s. He had a party of 12 in a house of 30, there was a very large 蓄積するd 赤字, and the 仕事 of 回復するing the 財政／金融s appeared to be almost hopeless. Lyons 追求するd a 政策 of 警告を与える and economy, and two years later was able to show a 黒字／過剰. He was then returned at the 長，率いる of a party of 16, the first time 労働 had had a （疑いを）晴らす 大多数 in a Tasmanian 議会. Lyons remained in office until 15 June 1928, having passed useful 法律制定 for the 激励 of 採掘, and the 支持を得ようと努めるd-低俗雑誌 and paper and other 産業s. 行為／法令／行動するs were also passed 権限を与えるing 前進するs to British 植民／開拓者s, 補償（金） to 従業員s 契約ing occupational 病気s, and the 準備／条項 of retiring and death allowances to public servants. In June 1928 the 省 was 敗北・負かすd and went out of office. In 1929 at the request of the leader of the 連邦の 労働 party, J. H. Scullin, Lyons stood for the Wilmot seat in the house of 代表者／国会議員s and was elected. On 22 October 1929 he became postmaster-general and 大臣 for 作品 and 鉄道s in the Scullin 政府, and in the に引き続いて year as 事実上の／代理-treasurer, 後継するd in 首尾よく floating a ｣23,000,000 転換 貸付金 in spite of the 不景気 then almost at its worst in Australia. On January 1931 Lyons 辞職するd from the 閣僚 as a 抗議する against the 提案するd return of E. G. Theodore to the position of treasurer. Theodore was in favour of the Gibbons 決意／決議, which if carried out, Lyons considered, would have the 影響 of bringing in インフレーション. その上に Theodore had 辞職するd in the beginning of the previous July on account of the finding of the 王室の （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 on the Mungana 賃貸し（する）s, and it was felt that Theodore should not again take office until he had 後継するd in （疑いを）晴らすing himself. Another 同僚, J. E. Fenton, also 辞職するd, and with a handful of 信奉者s 連合した themselves with the 対立 and formed the 部隊d Australia party. J. G. Latham, the leader of the 国家主義者 party, stood aside and Lyons was elected leader of the 対立. At the 選挙 held in November 1931 the 労働 party was 敗北・負かすd, and Lyons formed a 政府 taking the positions of 首相 and treasurer.

Australia was still 苦しむing from it world-wide 不景気 when the Lyons 政府 took office. 一般に a 政策 of sound 財政／金融 was followed, the 長，指導者 problem 存在 the 削減 of 失業. At the 1934 選挙 the party （機の）カム 支援する with a 減ずるd に引き続いて, but a 連合 was made with the Country party and Lyons continued to be 首相 and treasurer. In 1935 he visited England to …に出席する the silver jubilee 祝賀 of George V, and in October of that year he 手渡すd over the treasurership to R. G. Casey. The 1937 選挙 again gave his 政府 a 大多数, and though the 不景気 徐々に passed away, fresh problems arose in connexion with the defence of Australia. In 1937 for all practical 目的s Australia was defenceless, but the unsettled 明言する／公表する of Europe 需要・要求するd a 広大な／多数の／重要な 拡張 in land, sea and 空気／公表する 軍隊s, in a country which had been accustomed to relying almost 完全に on England for its defence. Lyons did not spare himself though he realized that his health was 苦しむing. He was 熟視する／熟考するing taking a 残り／休憩（する） from office for a period, when he died at Sydney from heart 失敗 after a short illness, on 7 April 1939. He married in 1915 Enid Muriel Burnell, a woman of 広大な／多数の／重要な ability and distinction, who was created G.B.E. in 1937. Dame Enid Lyons 生き残るd her husband with five sons and six daughters. Lyons was made a member of the privy 会議 in 1932, and a companion of honour in 1936. He was given the 名誉として与えられる degree of LL.D. by Cambridge university in 1937.

Lyons was essentially a modest man, dependable and human. A sincere Roman カトリック教徒, a lover of his country, his heart was with the いっそう少なく fortunate members of the community, and his one 悔いる in his political life was that the 推論する／理由s for his break with the 労働 party could not be 適切に 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるd by his former 支持者s. When he was first made 首相, many people felt that the reins had only 一時的に been 手渡すd to a sound and honest man who might guide the country through a difficult period. But it was 設立する that he was more than that. To his honesty was 追加するd a native shrewdness and tactfulness, a richness in ありふれた sense that made him unspoiled by 力／強力にする, a capacity for 奮起させるing 信用／信任 in 商売／仕事 circles, and a personality that 命令（する）d 忠義 both in the 閣僚 and in the party. He was 首相 continuously for seven years, three months and one day; a 記録，記録的な／記録する only 越えるd by W. M. Hughes whose 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 was 12 days longer.

The Argus, Melbourne, 8 April 1939; The Age, Melbourne, 8 April 1939; The 先触れ（する）, Melbourne, 8 April 1939; The Examiner, Launceston, 10 April 1939; The 水銀柱，温度計, Hobart, 10 April 1939; 議会の Handbook for the 連邦／共和国, 1936; 公式の／役人 Year 調書をとる／予約する of the 連邦／共和国 of Australia, 1929-38.

LYSTER, WILLIAM SAURIN (1828-1880), impresario,

son of Chaworth Lyster, a captain in the army, was born in Dublin on 21 March 1828. He was 関係のある to William Saurin, 弁護士／代理人／検事-general for Ireland, and was partly of French extraction. At the age of 13 Lyster after an illness was sent on a voyage 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the world and visited Sydney and Melbourne in 1842. After his return to England he went to India, ーするつもりであるing to become a planter, but, the 気候 not 控訴ing him, he again returned to England. In 1847 he was in South Africa and fought in the Kaffir war, and a year later was in the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs where he tried his fortunes as an actor with little success. In 1855 he was a member of General Walker's 探検隊／遠征隊 to Nicaragua with the 階級 of captain. About two years later he formed an オペラ company which 含むd Madame Lucy Escott, Henry Squires, and 行方不明になる Georgia Hodson whom he married. This company had some success in the western 明言する／公表するs of America, and in 1861 Lyster brought it to Australia. For about seven years it gave excellent 業績／成果s of the オペラs of the best Italian, German, French and English 作曲家s, 含むing Don Giovanni in 1861, and the Huguenots in 1862. Other companies were brought out in later years, and at times comic オペラ was 補欠／交替の／交替するd with grand オペラ. Though a high 基準 was kept the best オペラs did not 支払う／賃金; Lohengrin in 1877 and Tannhauser in 1878, though the company 含むd a distinguished singer, Antoinetta Link, were box office 失敗s. Lyster, however, made the はしけ オペラs 耐える the cost of others which were artistic successes only. の中で other singers brought out by Lyster were Signor Paladini, Madame Fanny Simonsen and the Australian tenor, Armes Beaumont. の中で concert artists introduced to Australia were Arabella Goddard and Henry Ketten, players of the piano, and 徴収する, a 井戸／弁護士席-known English cornet player of the period. Lyster's companies 小旅行するd the 主要な／長／主犯 cities of Australia and New Zealand, but for the last seven years of his life he made the オペラ house, Melbourne, his （警察，軍隊などの）本部. Though most renowned for his 生産／産物s of オペラs, he was 利益／興味d also in the 演劇, and seasons were played at the オペラ house by the distinguished actress Madame Ristori, and by good comedy companies. Lyster fell into bad health about 1877 and never fully 回復するd. He died at Melbourne on 27 November 1880.

Lyster was not a musician but his singers were 井戸／弁護士席-chosen. He was tactful and just, paid his artists 井戸／弁護士席, and was 一般に an excellent 商売／仕事 man. He did a real service to Australia by introducing it to much good music, and 始める，決める a 基準 which has seldom since been より勝るd.

The Argus, Melbourne, 29 November 1880; The Age, Melbourne, 29 November 1880; P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography; The Cyclopedia of Victoria, vol. II.

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