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BECKE, GEORGE LEWIS (1855-1913), known as Louis Becke, short-story writer and 小説家, [ also 言及する to Louis BECKE page at 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia]

was born at Port Macquarie, New South むちの跡s, where his father was clerk of petty 開会／開廷／会期s, on 18 June 1855 (Aust. Ency.). He was the youngest of six children and soon showed a disposition to wander. He has 明言する／公表するd that before he was 10 he had twice run away from home. The family 除去するd to Sydney and Becke was educated at the Fort-street school. He began his voyages in the south seas at a very 早期に age and there are two accounts of these beginnings: one by the Earl of Pembroke, who 推定では 得るd his （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） from Becke, which is prefixed to By 暗礁 and Palm, and the other written by Becke and printed in the Red Page of the 公式発表 on 27 February 1913. It is difficult to reconcile them, and all that is 確かな is that Becke spent many years on 大型船s 貿易（する）ing in the 太平洋の islands. In 1874 he was in Australia on the Palmer River goldfields, and later on unsuccessfully tried to settle 負かす／撃墜する as a bank clerk. He returned to the south seas as a supercargo and 仲買人, and during the middle seventies voyaged with the 悪名高い "いじめ（る）" Hayes. The accounts of Becke's connexion with Hayes given in Neath Austral Skies, The Strange Adventures of James Shervinton and other 容積／容量s, must, however, be read with 警告を与える as the 境界 between fact and fiction-令状ing is not （疑いを）晴らす (see 解放する／自由な and 平易な Land by Frank Clune, page 346). This life continued for many years and 供給するd most of the 構成要素 for Becke's stories. During a visit to Australia in 1886 he married Bessie M., daughter of 陸軍大佐 Mansell of Port Macquarie. In 1892 he returned to Sydney and encouraged by Ernest Favenc (q.v.) and J. F. Archibald (q.v.) began to 与える／捧げる stories to the 公式発表. A collection of these, By 暗礁 and Palm, was published in Engla nd in 1894, followed by The Ebbing of the Tide in 1896. Becke went to London about the beginning of this year, helped by Archibald and MacLeod (q.v.) of the 公式発表 who 前進するd him ｣200, and he remained in Europe for about 15 years, during which time a large number of collections of short stories and a few novels and stories for boys were published. He was 公正に／かなり paid by the magazines for his stories, but he always sold his 調書をとる／予約するs 完全な and never on a 王族 basis. He went to Auckland, New Zealand, in 1910 and lived there for about a year. He was in Sydney again in the middle of 1911 and died suddenly there on 18 February 1913, working up to the last. About 30 of Becke's 調書をとる／予約するs are 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）d in Miller's Australian Literature with six other 容積／容量s written in 共同 with W. J. Jeffery. He was 生き残るd by his wife and a daughter.

Becke said himself that any literary success he had 達成するd was 予定 完全に to the training received from the editor of the 公式発表 (J. F. Archibald) "who taught me the secrets of condensation and 簡単 of language". Once having learned this Becke had a wealth of experience to draw upon and, though there was 必然的に some monotony of 主題, he wrote a very large number of stories of 出来事/事件 that can still be read with 利益／興味, and show him to have been a writer of かなりの ability.

The 公式発表, 27 February 1913; Introduction to By 暗礁 and Palm; E. Morris Miller, Australian Literature; Frank Clune, 解放する／自由な and 平易な Land, 一時期／支部 29; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 19 February 1913.

BEDFORD, RANDOLPH (1868-1941), author and 政治家，政治屋,

son of Alfred Bedford, was born at Sydney on 28 July 1868. He was educated at the Newtown 明言する／公表する school and at the age of 16 was working in the western 地区 of New South むちの跡s. He had a short story 受託するd by the 公式発表 in 1886, the first of a long 一連の 出資／貢献s. In 1888 he 得るd a position on the Argus, Broken Hill, and in the に引き続いて year went to Melbourne and was about two years on the Age. Much freelancing followed, 詩（を作る）, short stories and sketches, written while travelling in Australia searching for payable 採掘 fields. Between 1901 and 1904 Bedford was in Europe and wrote a 一連の travel sketches, which in 1916 were collected and published under the 肩書を与える of 探検s in Civilization. His first novel, True 注目する，もくろむs and the Whirlwind, appeared in London in 1903, and his Snare of Strength was published two years later. Three short novels appeared afterwards in the Bookstall series, Billy Pagan, 採掘 Engineer (1911), The Silver 星／主役にする (1917), Aladdin and the Boss Cockie (1919). He had also made a collection of his 公式発表 詩（を作る） in 1904 but the unbound sheets were all 燃やすd during a 解雇する／砲火／射撃 at the printers, except about six copies which were bound without 肩書を与える-page and 明らかに given to friends. A few years before his death Bedford 明言する／公表するd that he did not 悔いる the 解雇する／砲火／射撃 as some of the 詩（を作る）s 含むd "could only be excused on account of his extreme 青年 at the time of 令状ing". He was then 準備するing a 選択 of his 詩（を作る） for the 圧力（をかける） which, however, was not published.

In 1917 Bedford entered the Queensland 法律を制定する 会議, 誓約（する）d to work for the 撤廃 of that 議会 which took place in 1922. In the に引き続いて year he was elected to the 法律を制定する 議会 for Warrego as a 労働 member. He held this seat until his 辞職 in 1937 to contest the Maranoa seat for the 連邦の house of 代表者／国会議員s. He was 敗北・負かすd, but was again elected to his old seat in the 法律を制定する 議会. He died on 7 July 1941, and was 生き残るd by his wife and a grown-up family. As a 政治家，政治屋 Bedford showed himself to be a 広大な／多数の／重要な 闘士，戦闘機, but he was too exuberant, too impatient, and too impetuous for the 会議 （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, and was never 含むd in any 省. He was an eloquent （衆議院の）議長 who neither gave nor asked for ４半期/4分の1, and he was always loyal to his party, generous and 肉親，親類d to his friends. A big man 肉体的に and mentally, who always looked わずかに over life size, he was one of the most colourful personalities to enter politics in Australia. As a literary man he did a large 量 of work. Most of his poetry is not important, though the best of it may be called good vigorous rhetorical 詩（を作る）. His 探検s in Civilization has been 賞賛するd, but it is only 公正に／かなり good journalism scarcely 価値（がある） collecting. The first two novels, True 注目する，もくろむs and the Whirlwind and The Snare of Strength, are both vigorously and freshly written, but such excellent short stories as "Fourteen Fathoms by Quetta 激しく揺する", 含むd in Australian Short Stories, and "The Language of Animals" in An Australian Story 調書をとる／予約する, 示唆する that his best work was done in that medium.

The 特使-Mail, Brisbane, 8 July 1941; The 公式発表, 16 July 1941; The 労働者, Brisbane, 8 July 1941; E. Morris Miller, Australian Literature; Nettie Palmer, Modern Australian Literature; See also, Randolph Bedford, Naught to Thirty-three.

BEEBY, SIR GEORGE STEPHENSON (1869-1942), 政治家，政治屋, 裁判官 and author,

was born at Sydney on 23 May 1869. He entered the education department of New South むちの跡s when 14 years of age and became a pupil teacher. Subsequently he was an accountant, and in 1900 qualified as a solicitor. He had become 利益／興味d in the land 課税 提案s of Henry George in 1890 and was 目だつ in the beginnings of the New South むちの跡s 労働 party. Beeby worked as a 新聞記者／雑誌記者 for some time and then began practising as a solicitor. The 仲裁 行為／法令／行動する passed in 1901 brought him much 商売／仕事, and it was 明言する／公表するd in 1906 that his 会社／堅い had been 関心d in two hundred 論争s. In January 1907 Beeby stood as a 労働 候補者 for Blayney at a 補欠選挙 原因（となる）d by the 辞職 of W. P. Crick, but was 敗北・負かすd by 23 投票（する）s. He, however, won the seat in the に引き続いて September, and with Holman (q.v.) was successful in かなり 修正するing the 修正するing 産業の 論争s 法案 brought in by Wade (q.v.). When McGowen (q.v.) formed the first New South むちの跡s 労働 省 in October 1910, Beeby was his 大臣 of public 指示／教授／教育 and of 労働 and 産業 until September 1911, and 大臣 for public 作品, from September 1911 to December 1912. He had, however, come to the 結論 that the time had arrived for the 形式 of a party which would 含む the 穏健なs of all parties. He 辞職するd from the 閣僚 in December 1912 and was re-elected for Blayney on his new 政策 on 23 January 1913. He failed to get support in the house, and 辞職するd from 議会. He had been called to the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 in 1911 and now worked up a successful practice as a barrister. When Holman formed his 国家の 省 in November 1916 Beeby beca me 大臣 for 労働 and 産業 with a seat in the 法律を制定する 会議. In 1918 Beeby, who had in the 一方／合間 been elected to the 議会 for Wagga, 後継するd in passing an 産業の 仲裁 改正 行為／法令／行動する though it was 堅固に …に反対するd by the 労働 party. に向かって the end of that year he visited Europe and the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs and, すぐに after his return in June 1919, 辞職するd from the 政府 as a 抗議する against 行政の 行為／法令／行動するs in connexion with the sale of wheat and the allotting of coal 契約s. In 1920 he was 任命するd a 裁判官 of the New South むちの跡s 仲裁 法廷，裁判所, and in 1928 he became a member of the 連邦の 調停 and 仲裁 法廷，裁判所 （法廷の）裁判. He was 任命するd 裁判長 in March 1939 and in the same year was created K.B.E. He retired in 1941 and died on 18 July 1942. He married in 1892 and was 生き残るd by children.

Beeby was the author of Three Years of 産業の 仲裁 in New South むちの跡s (1906), a 小冊子; 関心ing Ordinary People (1923), a 容積／容量 of readable plays; In 追求（する），探索（する） of Pan (1924), a satire in 詩（を作る） on some of the Australian poets of the period; and A 負担d 遺産／遺物, a light novel which appeared in 1930.

The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 24 January 1913, 20 July 1942; H. V. Evatt, Australian 労働 Leader; Burke's War Gazette, 1940.

BELL, SIR JOSHUA PETER (1827-1881), 政治家，政治屋,

was born in Ireland, on 19 January 1827 and （機の）カム to New South むちの跡s with his parents in 1831 (Aust. Ency.). He was educated at Sydney College, and The King's School, Parramatta. With his father and brothers he acquired an 利益／興味 in Jimbour 駅／配置する 近づく Dalby, Queensland, in 1863 became a member of the 法律を制定する 議会 for Dalby, and held the seat until he transferred to the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1879. He was 植民地の treasurer in the first Queensland 省 under R. G. Herbert (q.v.) from December 1864 to February 1866 when A. Macalister (q.v.) became 首相, and Bell was given the same position. すぐに afterwards there was a 財政上の 危機 借りがあるing to the 失敗 of two banks, and Bell as treasurer 明言する／公表するd that he ーするつもりであるd to 問題／発行する "inconvertible 政府 公式文書，認めるs". The 知事, Sir George Bowen (q.v.), considered this would be an 違反 of the prerogatives of the 栄冠を与える and Macalister thereupon 辞職するd on 20 July 1866. He formed another 省 in August with Bell as 大臣 for lands who 辞職するd with his 同僚s a year later. In March 1871 he became treasurer again in the A. H. Palmer (q.v.) 省 and held this office until January 1874. In March 1879 he entered the 法律を制定する 会議, was elected 大統領，／社長, and 治めるd the 政府 of Queensland during the absence of the 知事 from March to November 1880. He died suddenly on 20 December 1881. He was created K.C.M.G. の直前に his death. He was a man of education, with a 罰金 外見, a typical 無断占拠者, and a strong 保守的な, eminently ふさわしい for his position as 大統領，／社長 of the 会議. He married Margaret Miller, daughter of Dr D'Orsey, who 生き残るd him with children. A son Joshua Thomas Bell is noticed 分かれて.

J. H. Heaton, Australian Dictionary of Dates; P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography; C. A. Bernays, Queensland Politics During Sixty Years.

BELL, JOSHUA THOMAS (1863-1911), 政治家，政治屋,

son of Sir Joshua Peter Bell (q.v.), was born at Ipswich, Queensland, in 1863. He was educated at Brisbane Grammar school and Cambridge university, where he became 大統領，／社長 of the union. He was 認める to the English 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業, returned to Australia in 1889, and a year later became 私的な 長官 to Sir Samuel Griffith (q.v.). In 1893 he was elected to the 法律を制定する 議会 for Dalby and held this seat for the 残り／休憩（する） of his life. He was elected chairman of 委員会s in 1902 and in September 1903 joined the A. Morgan (q.v.) 省 as 大臣 for lands. W. Kidston (q.v.) 後継するd Morgan in January 1906 but Bell held his old position in the new 閣僚 until November 1907, and was also 大臣 for 鉄道s from February to July of that year. He was 大臣 for lands in the second Kidston 省 from February to October 1908, and then home 長官 until 29 June 1909, when he was elected （衆議院の）議長. He died on 10 March 1911 after a long illness. He married in 1903 a daughter of the Hon. John Ferguson, who 生き残るd him with a son and a daughter. He was an admirable （衆議院の）議長 and 行政官／管理者 whose 早期に death was much regretted.

The Brisbane 特使, 11 March 1911; C. A. Bernays, Queensland Politics During Sixty Years.

BENNETT, GEORGE (1804-1893), naturalist,

was born at Plymouth, England, on 31 January 1804. On leaving school he visited Ceylon in 1819, and on his return 熟考する／考慮するd for the 医療の profession. He 得るd the degree of M.R.C.S. in 1828, and later F.R.C.S. After qualifying as a 医療の man he 得るd 雇用 as a ship's 外科医, and visited Sydney in 1829. In 1832 his friend (Sir) Richard Owen was engaged in 診察するing the structure and relations of the mammary （分泌する為の）腺s of the Ornithorhyncus, and Bennett became so 利益／興味d that on leaving England すぐに afterwards for Australia he 決定するd while in that country to find a 解答 of the question. (処理／取引s of the Zoological Society, vol. I, 1835, p. 222). In May 1832 he left Plymouth on a voyage which 終結させるd almost 正確に／まさに two years later. An account of this appeared in 1834 in two 容積／容量s under the 肩書を与える Wanderings in New South むちの跡s, Batavia, Pedir Coast, Singapore. and 中国. In 1835 Bennett published in the 処理／取引s of the Zoological Society of London, vol. I, pp. 229-58, "公式文書，認めるs on the Natural History and Habits of the Ornithorhyncus paradoxus, Blum", one of the earliest papers of importance written on the platypus. Bennett again went to Australia in 1836 and 設立するd a successful practice as a 内科医 at Sydney. He, however, kept up his general 利益／興味 in science, and 行為／法令／行動するd as 名誉として与えられる 長官 of the Australian Museum which had just been 設立するd. He 収集するd A 目録 of the 見本／標本s of Natural History and Miscellaneous Curiosities deposited in the Australian Museum which was published in 1837. In 1860 he brought out his 集会s of a Naturalist in Australasia. He kept up a correspondence with his 早期に friend Sir Richard Owen, to whom he had sent the first 見本／標本s of the Nautilus to arrive in England, and with Darwin and other scientists of the time. He was much 利益／興味d in the Sydney botanic gardens and the Acclimatization Society, and was a 副／悪徳行為-大統領，／社長 of the Zoological Society, and a member of the board of the Australian Museum. He died at Sydney in his ninetieth year on 29 September 1893. He was married three times and left a 未亡人 and three sons. In 新規加入 to the 作品 について言及するd Bennett 与える／捧げるd papers to the Lancet, the 医療の Gazette, the 定期刊行物 of Botany, Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, and other 定期刊行物s. The variety of his 利益／興味s may be 示唆するd by the fact that he published in 1871 papers on "A Trip to Queensland in Search of 化石s" and on "The Introduction, Cultivation and 経済的な Uses of the Orange and Others of the Citron Tribe". When 84 years of age he 与える／捧げるd the 一時期／支部 on "哺乳動物s" to the Handbook of Sydney, 用意が出来ている for the Sydney 会合 of the Australasian 協会 for the 進歩 of Science held in 1888. In 1890 the 王室の Society of New South むちの跡s awarded Bennett the Clarke 記念の メダル for his 価値のある 出資／貢献s to the natural history of Australia.

訴訟／進行s of the Linnean Society of New South むちの跡s, vol. VIII, 1893, p. 542; The 定期刊行物 of Botany, vol. XXXII, 1894, p. 191; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 30 September 1893; J. H. Heaton, Australian Dictionary of Dates, p. 233.

BENT, ANDREW (1791-1851), 早期に printer,

was born in 1791 or に向かって the end of 1790. He began working at Hobart as a printer in 1812 and started the Hobart Town Gazette in June 1816. In 1820, when he was 診察するd by Bigge (q.v.), he 明言する／公表するd that he had a salary of ｣30 a year, and had rations for his wife, himself and a "政府 man", who was 許すd him as an assistant. He must have become 公正に／かなり 繁栄する as in 1823 he was one of the 初めの proprietors of the Bank of 先頭 Diemen's Land, and he について言及するd on one occasion that he had spent ｣1000 in 改良s in the country. His 圧力（をかける） was in Elizabeth-street, Hobart, の近くに to Bathurst-street. Probably the earliest of his 出版（物）s that has 生き残るd is Copy of an 演説（する）／住所 to His Honour 中尉／大尉／警部補 知事 Davey, which is 時代遅れの 1815. In 1818 he brought out Michael Howe, the last and worst of the Bush 特別奇襲隊員s of 先頭 Diemen's Land, which has been 述べるd as the first work of general literature printed in Australasia (J. A. Ferguson, Bibliography of Australia, No. 716). In spite of difficulties in collecting subscriptions Bent had been able to 大きくする and carry on his paper for many years, but the coming of 知事 Arthur (q.v.) in May 1824 原因（となる）d him many difficulties. From the beginning Arthur had 決定するd that the 圧力（をかける） must be controlled with a 会社／堅い 手渡す. He first （人命などを）奪う，主張するd the 政府 所有権 of the Hobart Town Gazette, but Bent sent 証拠 against this to 知事 Brisbane (q.v.) at Sydney, who decided in his favour. The editor of the paper, E. H. Thomas, was, however, 極端に tactless in his comments on what had occurred, and Arthur could be a formidable antagonist. In Ma rch 1825 he encouraged the bringing of 控訴s for 名誉き損 against Bent, arising out of comments on the 活動／戦闘s of 政府 officers. In March 1826 Bent was 宣告，判決d to three months' 監禁，拘置 and a 罰金 Of ｣200, and in May he was 宣告，判決d to an 付加 three months and a その上の 罰金 of ｣100, in connexion with another 事例／患者. From 刑務所，拘置所 Bent wrote with spirit to say that he had neither written nor 示唆するd the objectionable articles, and that his paper had never been the "道具 of a 派閥", as 裁判長 Pedder (q.v.) had 明言する／公表するd. A public subscription to 支払う／賃金 the 量 of the 罰金s seems to have been successful. In June 1825 Arthur had 任命するd James Ross and G. T. Howe 政府 printers, and had given them 指示／教授／教育s to bring out a newspaper. It appeared in June 1825 with the 肩書を与える of Bent's paper, and with even the serial number of 問題／発行する, and for some weeks two papers appeared, each （人命などを）奪う，主張するing to be a 延長／続編 of the 初めの Gazette. From 19 August Bent brought out his paper with a new 指名する, the 植民地の Times and Tasmanian Advertiser, but it was 結局 made impossible for him to carry it on. In 1827 when an 行為／法令／行動する of the 会議 was passed 要求するing all papers to be licensed, Bent was 辞退するd a licence, and he was 強いるd to sell his paper. He carried on his printing 商売／仕事, の中で his 出版（物）s 存在 the 先頭 Diemen's Land Pocket Almanack, published in 1824 and continued from 1825 onwards as the Tasmanian Almanack. He printed and brought out other 出版（物）s; his Bent's News and Tasmanian Three-penny 登録（する） ran from January 1836 to December 1838. In February 1839 he went to Sydney and from 13 April 1839 continued this paper under the 肩書を与える Bent's News and New South むちの跡s Advertiser. Little is known of his last years except that に向かって the end of his life he was living at Sydney in difficult circumstances. The exact date of his death is not 記録，記録的な／記録するd, but he was buried on 27 August, 1851. He married in 1816 and had a large family.

Bent （機の）カム 初めは to Tasmania as a 罪人／有罪を宣告する. He must have committed his offence as a very young man, and it was probably trivial. He deservedly had a good character in Hobart. His fight for the liberty of the 圧力（をかける） was supported by C. Meredith (q.v.) and other 井戸／弁護士席-known 国民s, and he was undoubtedly 不正に 扱う／治療するd by Arthur. The editor of the Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia 明言する／公表するs bluntly that Arthur's instigation of the （資金の）充当／歳出 of the 肩書を与える of Bent's paper was "an 行為／法令／行動する of literary piracy and 違反 of copyright" (ser. III, vol. IV, p. 15). For this Bent never received any 補償（金）.

Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. III, vols. III to VI; R. W. Giblin, The 早期に History of Tasmania, vol. II; J. A. Ferguson, Bibliography of Australia; J. Fenton, A History of Tasmania; J. West, The History of Tasmania; Copy of Marriage 登録（する）, Hobart, at Mitchell Library; Registrar General, Sydney, for date of death.

BENT, ELLIS (c.1783-1815), 裁判官-支持する of New South むちの跡s,

was probably born in 1783. His date of birth is いつかs given as 1779, but he was the second son of Robert Bent, and his 年上の brother, Jeffery Hart Bent (q.v.), who was born in 1780, 明言する／公表するd in February 1816, that when Ellis Bent died he was "little more than thirty-two years old" (H.R. of A., ser. IV, vol. I, p. 181). Educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, he 卒業生（する）d B.A. in 1804, and M.A. in 1807, was called to the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 in November 1805, and in May 1809 was 任命するd 裁判官-支持する of New South むちの跡s. He arrived at Sydney on 1 January 1810 on the same 大型船 as 知事 Macquarie (q.v.) and 設立する that his incompetent 前任者, R. Atkins, had left his office in much 混乱. Bent 始める，決める himself to （疑いを）晴らす this up, and in the に引き続いて year 演説（する）／住所d a letter to the Earl of Liverpool 述べるing the 行政 of 司法（官） in the 植民地, and making many suggestions for its betterment. The most important of these were that a 最高の 法廷，裁判所 should be 設立するd with a 裁判官 and two 治安判事s sitting with him, and that there should be 裁判，公判 by 陪審／陪審員団. Macquarie, who had 設立する Bent most helpful to him, recommended that if the 計画（する） were 可決する・採択するd, Bent should be made the first 裁判官. At a later date he 示唆するd that Jeffery Hart Bent (q.v.), a brother of the 裁判官-支持する, should be 任命するd an assistant-裁判官. Ellis Bent was, however, passed over, and the position of 裁判官 was given to his brother. Ellis Bent had been 扱う／治療するd with 広大な／多数の／重要な consideration by Macquarie in connexion with the erection of a house for his use, but became at 半端物s with the 知事 on account of the 延期する in building a suitable 法廷，裁判所 house. Macquarie also consider ed that Bent did not 扱う／治療する him with proper 尊敬（する）・点, and he could not 説得する him to でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる port 規則s in 一致 with his wishes. Like his brother, Bent 同意しないd with Macquarie on the question of the 治療 of emancipists, and in February 1815 the 知事, after setting out the position in a 派遣（する） to Earl Bathurst, asked that Bent should be 教えるd to 扱う／治療する him with "more 尊敬（する）・点 and deference, and that Your Lordship will define in 表明する 条件 how far Mr Bent is 支配する to my orders and 支配（する）／統制する and how far he is bound to 補助装置 me with his 合法的な advice when called upon for that 目的". As a result Bent was 解任するd, but before the news of this could reach Sydney he died there on 10 November 1815. He left a 未亡人 and four children, and a fifth was born subsequently. A 年金 of ｣200 a year was 認めるd to Mrs Bent in 1817 and she returned to England.

Ellis Bent was an amiable, hardworking and competent 公式の／役人. He was no 疑問 encouraged by his brother in his 対立 to the 知事, and the fact that he was in bad health from the time of his arrival, and often overworked, did not help 事柄s. Macquarie appears to have 行為／法令／行動するd with both moderation and consideration.

Admissions to Peterhouse, p. 373; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. VII, VIII, IX; ser. IV, vol. I; The Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 87, p. 636; Marion Phillips, A 植民地の 専制政治.

BENT, JEFFERY HART (1780-1852), first 裁判官 in Australia,

the son of Robert Bent and 年上の brother of Ellis Bent (q.v.), born in 1780, was educated at Mr Barnes's school, Manchester, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he 卒業生（する）d B.A. in 1804, and M.A. in 1807. In 容積／容量 III of Admissions to Trinity College, Cambridge, his first 指名する is given as Geoffrey. He was called to the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 in 1806, was 任命するd 裁判官 of the 最高の 法廷，裁判所 of New South むちの跡s in 1814, and arrived at Sydney on 28 July of that year. He had been only a few weeks in the 植民地 before he was 控訴，上告ing to Earl Bathurst against a 決定／判定勝ち（する） of 知事 Macquarie (q.v.) to fit up one of the wings of the hospital as a 一時的な 法廷，裁判所 house. There was much 延期する in 持つ／拘留するing the first sitting of the 法廷，裁判所, which was 結局 直す／買収する，八百長をするd for 1 May 1815, and even then there were repeated 調整／景気後退s because Bent had laid 負かす／撃墜する the 原則 that anyone who had been 輸送（する）d could not be 許すd to practise as an 弁護士／代理人／検事. Macquarie was anxious that all 罪人／有罪を宣告するs who had expiated their 罪，犯罪 should be given every 適切な時期 to rehabilitate themselves and lead normal lives as members of the community. Some of the men 反対するd to by Bent had hitherto been permitted to 嘆願d before his brother, Ellis Bent, the 裁判官-支持する, and Macquarie was 満足させるd that no evil consequences had resulted. He pointed out, too, that under the new 規則s there would be only one 弁護士／代理人／検事 in the 植民地 who would be able to 嘆願d, and that therefore one party only in each 控訴 could have 合法的な 援助 in bringing his 事例／患者 今後. The トン of Bent's communications to the 知事 showed a 広大な／多数の／重要な want of 尊敬（する）・点, and on 1 July 1815 Macquarie wrote to Earl Bathurst about the Bent brothers, 明言する／公表するing that it had now become "絶対 necessary for the good of the 植民地 . . . that they or I should be 除去するd from it". Both of the brothers were 解任するd and Jeffery Bent left for England in 1817. He was subsequently 裁判長 of Grenada from 1820 to 1833, of St Lucia, 1833 to 1836, and from 1836 to 1852 of British Guiana. He died at Georgetown, Demerara, on 29 June 1852.

Bent was difficult and 独裁的な. His feelings on the 雇用 of 前科者s in 法廷，裁判所s are to some extent 理解できる, but he made no allowance for the 異なるing 見解（をとる）s of Macquarie and the difficulties with which the 知事 had to 競う.

Admissions to Trinity College, Cambridge, vol. III; F. Boase, Modern English Biography; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. VII to IX, ser. IV, vol. I; Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 122, p. 322; Marion Phillips, A 植民地の 専制政治.

BENT, SIR THOMAS (1838-1909), 政治家，政治屋,

was born at Penrith, New South むちの跡s, on 7 December 1838. His father, a 請負業者, （機の）カム to Melbourne in 1849, where he afterwards became a market-gardener. Bent's first position was in a shop, but soon afterwards he became an assistant in his father's garden. He had received little education and, in his own words, had no childhood. Before he was 21 he was working a garden of his own 近づく McKinnon on the 郊外s of Melbourne. In 1861 he was 任命するd 率-collector for Brighton, and a year later was elected a 議員 of the shire of Moorabbin, of which he became 大統領，／社長 a few years later. In 1871 he …に反対するd George Higinbotham (q.v.) for the Brighton seat in the 法律を制定する 議会 and, to the amazement of everyone, was returned. But Bent was 本人自身で popular and had 完全に canvassed the 選挙民. In 1874 he was elected a 議員 for Brighton and 辞職するd his position of 率-collector. He was afterwards 市長 of Brighton no より小数の than nine times. It has been 明言する／公表するd that he never 行方不明になるd a 会議 or 委員会 会合. In 1880 he became 大臣 of public 作品 in the Service (q.v.) 省, and in July 1881 he was 大臣 of 鉄道s and 副／悪徳行為-大統領，／社長 of the board of land and 作品 in the O'Loghlen (q.v.) 省 which （機の）カム in with the スローガン "Peace, 進歩 and 繁栄", and, though looked upon by many as a stop-gap 省, lasted until March 1883. Bent 提案するd an 広範囲にわたる programme 伴う／関わるing the construction of 800 miles of 鉄道. かもしれない all the lines could not have been defended, but, though Bent has been （刑事）被告 of 法廷，裁判所ing 人気 by 約束ing every 地区 a 鉄道, the 支出 in most 事例／患者s was 令状d. The time had come to open up the country. In October 1887 Bent was a 候補者 for the speakership, but was 敗北・負かすd by Sir Matthew Davies. In October 1890 he was 任命するd chairman of the first 鉄道 standing 委員会 and did good work, scrutinizing closely the question of cost in relation to public 公共事業（料金）／有用性. In 1892 he was elected （衆議院の）議長, 敗北・負かすing two good 候補者s in Sir Henry Wrixon (q.v.) and John Gavan Duffy. Bent was scarcely suitable for （衆議院の）議長 by temperament, and the extent of his knowledge of 議会の 法律 was at least doubtful. He was, however, a better tactician than either of his adversaries, and his personal 人気 was always a 価値のある 資産.

Bent was one of the 早期に land-boomers and at one time thought himself to be a rich man. During the 財政上の 危機 of 1893 he became 破産者／倒産した of everything except courage and cheerfulness. At the 選挙 held in 1894 he lost his seat in 議会 and retired to the country, where he made a living by 酪農場-farming. This placed him on his feet again, and in after years he often said that he never saw a cow without wanting to take off his hat to her. In 1897 he was a 候補者 for the Port Fairy seat in the 法律を制定する 議会, but 投票d so few 投票（する）s that he lost his deposit. It was considered that his political life was over, and when he became a 候補者 for his old seat at Brighton in 1900, nobody thought that he had the slightest chance. However, he won the seat by a 相当な 大多数. In June 1902 he became a member of the Irvine 省 as 大臣 of public 作品 and health and 副／悪徳行為-大統領，／社長 of the board of lands and 作品. From February to July 1903, he was 大臣 of 鉄道s. It was during this period that the 広大な／多数の／重要な engine-drivers' strike occurred, which was only broken by the firmness of Bent and the 首相, Irvine. In February 1904 he 後継するd Irvine as 首相 and remained in office for nearly five years. In 新規加入 to 存在 首相, Bent had the 大臣の地位s of public 作品 and 鉄道s. Much 法律制定 was passed relating to 改良s in public health, education, old age 年金s, and water 自然保護. In March 1907 he took a trip to England for 推論する／理由s of health, and returned in August. In June 1908 he was made a K.C.M.G., but on 4 December his 政府 was 敗北・負かすd and went out of office. He was 激しく attacked in connexion with some land 処理／取引s on the 大勝する of a 郊外の 鉄道, but an 調査 into his 政府's land 取引 解放する／自由なd Bent from the 疑惑 that these had been carried out for his personal 利益（をあげる）. He died after a short illness on 17 September 1909. He was married twice: (1) to 行方不明になる Hall and (2) to 行方不明になる Huntley, and was 生き残るd by a daughter of th e second marriage.

Bent was a remarkable man, who made his way by a combination of astuteness and personal 人気. The わずかな／ほっそりした 青年 with a joke for everyone, who was elected a shire 議員 at 24 years of age, became a corpulent man in later life, with a 決定するd 激しい walk and a rolling 団体／死体. He knew the weak 味方する of human nature and could play on it, and he had a good 命令（する） of English, which he used 自由に. He could play the buffoon on the public 壇・綱領・公約 with snatches of song, reminiscences, and execrable jokes, 明らかに impromptu, but often carefully 用意が出来ている. His 控訴，上告 was to the 普通の／平均（する） man and he knew what he was doing. In 議会 he was an excellent whip and, in the 閣僚, a man of 軍隊 who believed in his country. He had been given little education, but 蓄積するd a 基金 of knowledge. Some of the most important steps in the 拡張 of 第２位 education were made while he was 首相, and he （機の）カム to the 救助（する） of Melbourne university when better educated men seemed indifferent to its troubles. A man of 活動／戦闘 rather than a thinker, he 後継するd in getting important things done when finer spirits might have failed.

The Age, 18 September 1909; The Argus, 18 September 1909; The Year 調書をとる／予約する of Australia, 1898 and 1902; Sir Ernest Scott, A History of the University of Melbourne; P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography.

BERNAYS, LEWIS ADOLPHUS (1831-1908), public servant,

son of Dr A. Bernays, professor of German language and literature at King's College, London, was born on 3 May 1831. He was educated at King's College, and at the age of nineteen, emigrated to New Zealand, where he engaged in sheep farming. About two years later he went to Sydney, and in 1852 得るd a position on the staff of the 議会 of New South むちの跡s. At the end of 1859 he was 任命するd clerk to the 法律を制定する 議会 of Queensland, （機の）カム to Brisbane in 1860, and was 現在の at the 開始 of the first 議会. He 組織するd the inner working of 議会, became an 当局 on 手続き, and was the guide and friend of 連続する 世代s of members of 議会, until his death at Brisbane on 22 August 1908.

Bernays had other activities and was for a time 長官 to the Brisbane board of waterworks and afterwards a member of the board. He was one of the 創立者s of the Queensland Acclimatisation Society, and for a period its 大統領，／社長. He was 利益／興味d in 経済的な botany, published in 1872 The Olive and its 製品s, and in 1883 Cultural 産業s for Queensland; Papers on the Cultivation of Useful 工場／植物s ふさわしい to the 気候 of Queensland. He married Mary, daughter of William Borton, and was 生き残るd by four sons and four daughters. He was created C.M.G. in 1892.

Bernays was a 高度に competent public servant, who 演習d no little 影響（力） in the Queensland 議会. He knew 完全に its 法律 and practice, and in times of difficulties party leaders 自然に turned to him. He was a good friend, a man of culture; and he remained a student all his life. One of his sons, Charles Arrowsmith Bernays, born in 1862, was the author of Queensland Politics During Sixty Years, and of Queensland--Our Seventh Political １０年間.

The Brisbane 特使, 24 August 1908; C. A. Bernays, Queensland Politics During Sixty Years; Who's Who, 1908; Burke's Peerage etc., 1908.

BERRY, ALEXANDER (1781-1873), 開拓する,

was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, on 30 November 1781. He was educated at the Grammar School at Cupar, and afterwards 熟考する／考慮するd 薬／医学 at St Andrews and at Edinburgh university. He was then 任命するd as 外科医's mate on an Indiaman bound to 中国, but having to …に出席する the flogging of seamen led to his 中止するing to follow his profession, and in 1807 he became part owner and 最高の-貨物 of a ship, the City of Edinburgh. He reached Sydney on 13 January 1808, subsequently voyaged to islands in the 太平洋の and New Zealand, and in December 1809, by the use of much tact and firmness, 後継するd in 救助（する）ing a woman, two girl children and the ship's boy of the Boyd, all the 残り／休憩（する） of the ship's 乗組員 having been 大虐殺d by the Maoris. Berry made さまざまな 貿易（する）ing voyages, but in 1812 the City of Edinburgh became waterlogged 近づく the Azores and sank, though Berry 後継するd in reaching the island of Graciosa in one of the boats. He 設立する his way to Cadiz, where he met Edward Wollstonecraft, who became his スパイ／執行官 and afterwards his partner. In 1819 they settled in Sydney and Berry at once 設立するd a high 評判. In February 1820, 知事 Macquarie (q.v.) 述べるd him in a 派遣（する） which Berry took to England as "an 著名な merchant of this place". Both the partners 得るd 認めるs of land, and in 1822 another large 認める 近づく the Shoalhaven River was 得るd, which was of a swampy nature and considered to be unfit for sheep. A large number of 割り当てるd men was 得るd, and the land was drained by digging a canal between the Shoalhaven and Crookhaven rivers. The 共同 continued until 1831, when Wollstonecraft died. Berry managed the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 主として by moral 影響（力）, 設立する that many of them had been 輸送（する）d for comparatively trivial offences, and that if 井戸／弁護士席 扱う／治療するd they were willing to work 井戸／弁護士席. In after years Berry 証明するd to be a most considerate landlord wh en there was much 解決／入植地 on his 広い地所. He was made a 治安判事, in April 1828 was 指名するd a member of the 法律を制定する 会議, and he was also a member of the new 法律を制定する 会議 formed in 1856, from which he 辞職するd in 1861. He was a poor （衆議院の）議長 and had little 影響（力） on the 法律制定 of his time. He lived to be nearly 92 and died at Sydney in 十分な 所有／入手 of his faculties on 17 September 1873. He married Elizabeth Wollstonecraft, his partner's sister, who died in 1845. He had no children.

Berry 与える／捧げるd a paper "On the 地質学 of Part of the Coast of New South むちの跡s" to the Geographical Memoirs, published by Barron Field (q.v.) in 1825, and he left in manuscript his Reminiscences which were not published until 1912. The account of his adventurous 早期に days is 利益／興味ing, but only a few pages were given to his life in Australia. He was 井戸／弁護士席-read, had much knowledge, and had a good memory, but he seems to have been a man of modest nature who did not realize how 利益／興味ing much of the life of the period would have been had he chosen to 記録，記録的な／記録する it. His draining of the land at Shoalhaven was an admirable piece of work which led to the 開発 of the 地区.

The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 19 September 1873; Reminiscences of Alexander Berry; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. VI, VII, X to XVII, XXIII; J. Jervis, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. XXVII, pp. 18-87; J. H. Watson, ibid, vol. III, pp. 234-5.

BERRY, SIR GRAHAM (1822-1904), 首相 of Victoria,

was born at Twickenham, 近づく London, on 28 August 1822. His father, Benjamin Berry, was a 公正に／かなり 繁栄する tradesman, who had married a 行方不明になる Clara Graham. Their son had few 教育の advantages, and on leaving school at an 早期に age was 見習い工d to a draper. Subsequently he was in 商売／仕事 for himself at Chelsea. In 1852 he emigrated to Melbourne and opened a 商売／仕事 as a general storekeeper and ワイン and spirit merchant at Prahran, but receiving a 遺産／遺物, returned to England on 商売／仕事 in 1856. He （機の）カム 支援する to Australia in 1857 and in 1860 bought the Collingwood 観察者／傍聴者. In the same year he was elected to the 法律を制定する 議会 for East Melbourne, almost by chance. A 解散 of 議会 had been 認めるd, it was known that there would すぐに be another 選挙, and the other 候補者s 身を引く to save the expense of a 二塁打 選挙. In 1861 Berry changed his 選挙区／有権者 to the 隣人ing one of Collingwood and was elected at the 長，率いる of the 投票. As a 私的な member he spoke frequently, and about 1865 became a member of a group in the 対立 corner which 支持するd a 政策 of 保護. He lost his seat at the 1866 選挙 and then went to Geelong and bought an 利益／興味 in the Geelong 登録（する）. He was elected for Geelong West in 1868 and became treasurer in the J. Macpherson (q.v.) 省 in January 1870. Macpherson 辞職するd in the に引き続いて April. In June 1871 Berry became treasurer and commissioner of 貿易（する） and customs in the C. G. Duffy (q.v.) 省 and 後継するd in 増加するing the small 保護の 義務s of the time. He, however, 辞職するd in May 1872 on account of 反対 having been taken to the 任命 of his father-in-法律 as a pier-master.

In August 1875 Berry formed his first 省 and 試みる／企てるd to bring in a land 税金 with 控除s for small 広い地所s. The 省 was 敗北・負かすd and the James McCulloch (q.v.) 省 was formed in October. Berry had been 辞退するd a 解散 and under a sense of grievance 組織するd a 政策 of stonewalling, and also, as 大統領，／社長 of a 改革（する） league, 演説（する）／住所d many 会合s throughout the country. After the 1877 選挙 Berry's 信奉者s 構成するd about three-４半期/4分の1s of the house. He すぐに carried a land 税金 法案 through the 議会, and after some 延期する it was also carried in the 法律を制定する 会議. But ill-feeling between the two houses grew. When Berry 含むd 支払い（額） of members in the （資金の）充当／歳出 法案 instead of bringing in a separate 法案, the 会議 辞退するd to pass the （資金の）充当／歳出 法案. 早期に in January 1878, a 政府 Gazette 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の was 問題／発行するd, 発表するing that the 知事 in 会議 had 解任するd all the 裁判官s of 郡 法廷，裁判所s, 法廷，裁判所s of 地雷s and insolvency; all police 治安判事s, 検死官s and wardens of goldfields; the engineer in 長，指導者 of 鉄道s; a large number of 長，率いるs of departments; and about a hundred other 高度に paid 公式の／役人s. 対抗者s of Berry 持続するd that this was 簡単に a vindictive 報復 on the 会議, whose members had many friends の中で those 解任するd. The 政府 （人命などを）奪う，主張するd that as the （資金の）充当／歳出 法案 had not been passed, it 欠如（する）d the money to 支払う／賃金 salaries. The bitterest feelings were 誘発するd and there was panic in 財界. As the result of 交渉s between the houses, an 行為／法令／行動する 権限を与えるing 支払い（額） of members was passed, and the （資金の）充当／歳出 法案 was again submitted and agreed to. 改革（する） of the 会議 then became a popular cry and an 試みる／企てる was made to pass a 憲法 改正 法案. It was thrown out by the 会議, and Berry and C. H. Pearson (q.v.) went as an 大使館 to England to put the 議会's 事例／患者 before the 植民地の office. Berry 宣言するd that the 大使館 was a 完全にする success, and when he returned he was met by enthusiastic and 元気づける （人が）群がるs throughout the length of Collins-street, Melbourne. In reality, he had failed, for 事実上 he had been told that the 植民地 needed no その上の 力／強力にするs to enable it to manage its own 事件／事情／状勢s. 早期に in 1880 Berry's 広大な 大多数 had disappeared and James Service (q.v.) （機の）カム into 力／強力にする for a few months. There was a second 選挙 in 1880, at which Berry again 得るd a 大多数 and was 首相 from August 1880 to July 1881. A 法律を制定する 会議 改革（する） 行為／法令／行動する was passed, which 増加するd the number of members and 減ずるd the 資格 for franchise to all freeholders of ｣10 年次の value. Berry was 敗北・負かすd in July 1881, and was never again 首相. In 1883 the …に反対するing 軍隊s were so nearly equal that a 連合 was 影響d with James Service as 首相 and Berry as 長，指導者 長官. This 省 lasted nearly three years and useful work was done. In 1883, with Service, he 代表するd Victoria at the 連邦の 条約, and was again a 代表者／国会議員 at the 連邦の 会議 of Australia in January 1886. He was then 任命するd スパイ／執行官-general for the 植民地 of Victoria in London, and was created a K.C.M.G. soon after his arrival in England. He returned to Melbourne at the end of 1891 and was elected as member for East Bourke Boroughs in 1892. He was treasurer in the Shiels 省 from April 1892 to January 1893, and was then elected （衆議院の）議長 in succession to Thomas Bent (q.v.). He carried out his 義務s with success, but lost his seat at the 選挙 of 1897. 議会 th en made a 認める of ｣3100 to 購入（する） an annuity of ｣500 a year for him, and he lived in 退職 until his death on 25 January 1904. He was twice married and was 生き残るd by eight children of his first marriage and seven of his second.

Berry had few advantages in his 青年 but educated himself by hard reading and 接触する with his fellow-men. His 罰金 oratory was marred to some extent in his 早期に days by careless grammar and 不確定 in his aspirates. With the years his speaking 伸び（る）d in polish and dignity without losing its 軍隊. An excellent 議会の tactician and a clever handler of men, he had a 広大な／多数の／重要な 影響 on his time, not so much by the actual 対策 he passed as in his rousing of the 力／強力にする of 僕主主義. He was hated and 恐れるd by the moneyed classes, and at one period seemed to them to be 単に a dangerous demagogue. In spite of his vanity and egotism he was really 利益／興味d in the 進歩 of the people as a whole, and did 価値のある work against 対抗者s growing too 始める，決める in their 保守主義, and too afraid of 革新s. He did his 株 in the （選挙などの）運動をする for the 打ち明けるing of the lands, and for good or ill was 大部分は instrumental in making 保護 the settled 政策 of Victoria.

The Age, Melbourne, 26 January 1904; The Argus, Melbourne, 26 January 1904; H. G. Turner, A History of the 植民地 of Victoria; W. Murdoch, Alfred Deakin: A Sketch.

BEVAN, LLEWELYN DAVID (1842-1918), congregational divine,

was born at Llanelly, むちの跡s, on 11 September 1842. He was the son of Hopkin Bevan, an actuary, his mother was the daughter of a congregational 大臣, and ancestors on both 味方するs of the family had been 井戸／弁護士席-known preachers. Bevan was educated at University College school, London, and London university, which he entered in 1858. He 卒業生（する）d B.A. and LL.B. with first-class honours, and entering the congregational 省 in 1865, became assistant 大臣 to Dr Thomas Binney at the King's 重さを計る-House chapel, and in 1869 牧師 of the Tottenham 法廷，裁判所 Road chapel. Under his 省 the congregation 刻々と 増加するd and the building, one of the largest churches in London, was often （人が）群がるd. In 1870 Bevan married Louisa Jane, daughter of Dr Willett, and somewhat later became lecturer in English language and literature at New College while still 保持するing his pastorate. He also stood for the London school board and won a seat in spite of much 対立. In 1874 he visited America and for two months 大臣d at the Central church, Brooklyn.

Bevan, though still a young man, had 許すd himself to 請け負う so many 責任／義務s that he began to feel the 緊張する of them, and his time was so taken up he had little 適切な時期 for even keeping up his reading. He was 申し込む／申し出d the Collins-street 独立した・無所属 church at Melbourne, and the Old Parkstreet church at Boston, but 拒絶する／低下するd both. In 1876 he went to the Brick Presbyterian church, New York, one of the most important churches in the city. But though successful in his work, in 1882 he returned to London, having 受託するd a newly-設立するd church at Highbury Quadrant. There he had one of the largest congregations in London, with a men's 会合 numbering four hundred. He kept up his 利益／興味 in social questions, and four times was 申し込む／申し出d a seat in the house of ありふれたs. One of these 含むd his native town, and had he 受託するd, he would have been returned 反対者のない. He felt honoured by these requests, but it would have been impossible to be a member of 議会 and also keep up his 省, in which he was doing excellent work. In 1886 he was for the third time 申し込む／申し出d the pastorate at Melbourne and decided to 受託する it, 大部分は because he felt the change would be good for his growing family whose health often 苦しむd during the winter months.

At Melbourne Bevan 設立する a large church with an 出席 of 井戸／弁護士席 over one thousand, two 使節団 churches and a large number of societies. To these he 追加するd a literary society and introduced the 持つ／拘留するing of a 中央の-day service every Thursday. At the centennial 展示 held in 1888 he was chairman of the 陪審／陪審員団 of education, which entailed much work, and he also kept up his 利益／興味 in social questions. When the London ドッキングする／減らす／ドックに入れる strike occurred in 1889 he preached the sermon when the Congregational Union and the 貿易（する）s Hall 会議 部隊d in a 宗教的な service at the town hall, Melbourne, at which the collection on に代わって of the ドッキングする／減らす／ドックに入れる labourers （機の）カム to ｣80 0s. 1ｽd. He was much pleased when the 会議 of the 貿易（する）s Hall 現在のd him with a box 含む／封じ込めるing the 半端物 three halfpence. But again he 設立する there was no end to his 雇用s, and in 1891 was glad to have the 適切な時期 of revisiting England to …に出席する the international Congregational 会議, of which he had been elected one of the four 副／悪徳行為-大統領，／社長s. Returning to Australia Bevan すぐに afterwards 設立する Melbourne 急落（する），激減（する）d in the 財政上の troubles that followed the breaking of the land にわか景気. With his usual energy he joined in the movement to help the 失業した, and he also endeavoured to popularize his church by 招待するing discussion after the services. During the 連合 （選挙などの）運動をする he spoke in favour of it at many centres. At the time of the first 連邦の 選挙 in 1901 he was asked to contest Corangamite but 拒絶する／低下するd to do so. As the years went by his church began like other city churches to を煩う the exodus to outer 郊外s, and he felt that かもしれない a younger man was needed to 対処する with the changed position. In 1909 he 受託するd the 地位，任命する of 主要な／長／主犯 of Parkin Congregational College, Adelaide. He was now 67 years of age and believed he could do better work in a いっそう少なく strenuous field of 活動／戦闘. The college was for young men 準備するing for the Congregational 省, and Bevan's 知恵, knowledge and wide experience of life, fitted him admirably for his new work. He died at Adelaide on 19 July 1918. His wife 生き残るd him with three sons and four daughters. There is a stained glass window to his memory at the Collins-street 独立した・無所属 church, Melbourne. He was given the 名誉として与えられる degree of D.D. by the university of Princeton. His eldest son, Rev. H. L. W. Bevan, was a missionary in 中国, his second son, David J. D. Bevan, was for some time 裁判官 in the Northern 領土, Australia, and his third, Louis R. O. Bevan, was a professor at the university of Pekin.

Bevan was a striking 人物／姿／数字 with a ruddy countenance and leonine mane of hair, which in later years was snow white. He had amazing energy, charity and 楽観主義, a 普遍的な 見通し on life, and 広大な／多数の／重要な 力／強力にするs as an orator and preacher.

Louisa J. Bevan, The Life and Reminiscences of Llewelyn David Bevan; The Argus, Melbourne, 22 July 1918; The 登録（する）, Adelaide, 20 July, 1918; The Advertiser, Adelaide, 20 July, 1918.

BIDWILL, JOHN CARNE (1815-1853), botanist,

eldest son of James G. Bidwill, a merchant of Exeter, England, was born at Exeter in 1815. He was educated for a 商業の life but developed an 利益／興味 in science, and in particular, botany. He arrived at Sydney in September 1838, ーするつもりであるing to （問題を）取り上げる land, though he had also some connexion with a 会社／堅い of Sydney merchants. Finding there would be 延期する in 得るing land, he went in a schooner to New Zealand, arrived at the Bay of Islands on 5 February 1839, and during the next two months made a long 旅行 into the 内部の of the north island collecting botanical and other 科学の 見本／標本s. An account of this 旅行, Rambles in New Zealand, was published in London in 1841. He tells us that "these rambles were 突然の put an end to by the 増加するing 商売／仕事 of the 商業の 会社／堅い at Sydney with which I am connected" (Rambles, p. 88), but he returned to New Zealand in 1840 and spent some time at Port Nicholson and its neighbourhood. About the year 1842 he met Joseph Dalton Hooker who, in his Introductory Essay to the Flora of Tasmania, について言及するs that Bidwill …を伴ってd him "in my excursions 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Port Jackson and impressed me 深く，強烈に with the extent of his knowledge and fertile talents". On 1 September 1847 he became 一時的な 政府 botanist and director of the botanic gardens, Sydney, until the newly-任命するd director, Charles Moore, arrived in Australia and took up his 義務s in January 1848. Bidwill was then 任命するd commissioner of 栄冠を与える lands and chairman of the （法廷の）裁判 of 治安判事s for the 地区 of Wide Bay in what is now Queensland. In 1851, while 場内取引員／株価 out a new road to the Moreton Bay 地区, he became separated from his companions and was lost without food for eight days. He 結局 後継するd in cutting a way through the scrub with a pocket hook, but never 適切に 回復するd from his privations, and died on 16 March 1853 at Tinana, Wide Bay, at the 早期に age of 38. He discovered the Bunya Bunya tree (Araucaria Bidwilli), of which he took a young l iving 工場／植物 to England in 1843, the Dammara or Queensland kauri pine (Dammara robusta), and the Nymphae gigantea.

J. H. Maiden, The Sydney Botanic Gardens Biographical 公式文書，認めるs, No. VIII; The Gentleman's Magazine, 1853, II, p. 209.

BIGGE, JOHN THOMAS (1780-1843), 裁判官 and king's commissioner,

was the second son of Thomas Charles Bigge. He was born in Northumberland, England, in 1780 and educated at Newcastle Grammar School, Westminster School, London, and Christ Church Oxford. He 卒業生（する）d B.A. in 1801: M.A. in 1804, and was called to the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 in 1806. After practising as a barrister for some years he was made 裁判長 of Trinidad in the West Indies, and after his return to England in 1818 was 任命するd a commissioner to 問い合わせ into the 明言する／公表する of New South むちの跡s. He left England on 30 April 1819 and arrived at Sydney on 26 September.

The 力／強力にするs given to Bigge were very wide, and it was 必然的な that he should come into 衝突 with 知事 Macquarie (q.v.). Macquarie had received 指示／教授／教育s that he must 可決する・採択する any alterations or 改良s Bigge might 示唆する, the only 代案／選択肢 存在 that should he take upon himself the "激しい 責任／義務 of 拒絶する／低下するing to 受託する his suggestions, you will communicate to me without 延期する the 推論する／理由s for your 拒絶 for the special consideration and 決定／判定勝ち（する） of His 王室の Highness". An 早期に 衝突／不一致 took place when Macquarie 主張するd on 任命するing Dr Redfern as a 治安判事 in spite of Bigge's 堅固に 表明するd 不賛成. In 予定 course a 派遣（する） from Lord Bathurst, while giving 十分な credit to Macquarie's 動機s, directed that Redfern should be 除去するd from the magistracy. A second source of trouble arose when Macquarie sent a questionnaire to the 治安判事s and chaplains in New South むちの跡s 願望（する）ing them to 表明する their opinions on the 改良s that had taken place during the 知事's 行政. Bigge 自然に felt that this was an 干渉，妨害 with his 義務s as a commissioner. In February 1820 Bigge went to Hobart and soon 設立するd harmonious relations with 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 Sorell (q.v.). He spent six weeks in the south of the island and then, …を伴ってd by Sorell, went north to Port Dalrymple, going most 完全に into the problems he had to を取り引きする. He returned from Tasmania, arrived at Sydney on 4 June, and 再開するd his 調査s in New South むちの跡s. He left Sydney for England on 14 February 1821 and the first part of his "報告（する）／憶測 of the Commissioner of 調査 into the 明言する／公表する of the 植民地 of New South むちの跡s", 時代遅れの 6 May 1822, was ordered by the house of ありふれたs to be printed on 19 June. The second 報告（する）／憶測 "On the judic ial 設立s of New South むちの跡s and 先頭 Diemen's Land", and the third "On the 明言する／公表する of 農業 and 貿易（する） in the 植民地 of New South むちの跡s" were both ordered to be printed on 4 July 1823. Macquarie's 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 as 知事 （機の）カム to an end in November 1821 and the carrying out of the 推薦s was left to his 後継者 Sir Thomas Brisbane (q.v.).

In July 1822 Bigge was 任命するd a 共同の commissioner with Major W. M. G. Colebrooke to 問い合わせ into the 明言する／公表する of the 植民地s of the Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius and Ceylon. The 報告（する）／憶測s of these gentlemen were of an exhaustive and conscientious nature and were not 完全にするd until 1831. Bigge was afterwards in ill-health from the 影響s of a 落ちる from his horse, and he died in the year 1843.

Bigge's 報告（する）／憶測s were 極端に 価値のある. He （機の）カム into 衝突 with Macquarie 大部分は because the 見解（をとる）s of the English 当局 and those of Macquarie were 完全に …に反対するd. In England the theory that 罪，犯罪 could be cured by severity of 罰 still held sway, but Macquarie had come into の近くに 接触する with 罪人／有罪を宣告するs and 設立する that 親切 and the giving of better 適切な時期s were often more 効果的な. Macquarie too had 見通し and could 予知する that Australia might 現れる into something much more important than a mere 罪人／有罪を宣告する 解決／入植地. But he had the defects of his 質s, and it is 利益／興味ing to find in Bigge's first 報告（する）／憶測 that he 設立する much いっそう少なく to 非難する in Sorell's work than in Macquarie's. However blighting the 影響s of Bigge's 報告（する）／憶測 may have appeared it must be remembered that he was bound by the 条件 of his （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, and he should be given 十分な credit for the admirable work he did within its 制限s.

Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. X, XI; R. W. Giblin, The 早期に History of Tasmania, vol. II; G. M. Theal, History of South Africa, vol. I, 4th ed., p. 397; Marion Phillips, A 植民地の 専制政治; J. Dennis, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. XXIII, pp. 411-72; M. H. Ellis, ibid, vol. XXVII, pp. 93-126. The last two writers both speak 堅固に in defence of Macquarie.

BLACKET, EDMUND THOMAS (1817-1883), architect,

son of a London merchant, was born at Smithfield, London, on 25 August 1817. He was educated at the Milhil school, a Congregational college, 近づく Barnet. On leaving school he went into his father's office and three years later, at the age of 20, took a position in a linen mill in Yorkshire. He was much 利益／興味d in architecture and spent his holidays sketching and 手段ing old buildings, but his father …に反対するd his taking up this profession, and in June 1842 Blacket left England ーするつもりであるing to settle in New Zealand. He had letters of introduction to 居住（者）s of Sydney, and 得るing a position as an 視察官 of buildings and teacher in the Church of England schools, decided to stay there. In 1845 he began to practise as an architect, and in 1850 was 任命するd 植民地の architect at Sydney. His salary was only ｣300 a year and the 発見 of gold having 原因（となる）d much 増加する in the price of living, Blacket in 1854 辞職するd from the public service and began 私的な practice. He had been 約束d the main building for the university, which was begun at the end of that year and finished about 1860. The main 前線 対策 410 feet in length, and has a tower in the centre 90 feet high. The 広大な／多数の／重要な hall, a beautifully 割合d piece of work at the 権利 手渡す end, is 135 feet by 45 feet, with an open-木材／素質d roof 70 feet from the 床に打ち倒す. Blacket was also 責任がある the St Paul's College building.

Blacket became 設立するd as a 主要な architect in Sydney and was 特に known for his churches. の中で these may be について言及するd St Andrew's cathedral, Sydney, for which he was not 完全に responsible; Goulburn cathedral; St Philip's, Sydney; St Thomas's, North Sydney; St 示す's, Darling Point; St John's, Glebe; St Stephen's, Newtown and St Paul's, Burwood. It is かもしれない 残念な that he was not asked to work out a 計画（する） for later university buildings, but it is likely that the 巨大な 開発 of the university would have 原因（となる）d such a 計画（する） to have had little value. Blacket died suddenly at Sydney on 9 February 1883. His wife died many years before and there was a large family. One of his sons, Cyril Blacket, born in 1857, was in 共同 with his father, afterwards designed the 一時期／支部-house for St Andrew's cathedral, and was elected 大統領，／社長 of the 学校／設ける of Architects, New South むちの跡s, in 1903.

Blacket was a remarkable example of a self-taught architect. He began his work at a bad period, and there was little beyond his natural good taste and his 製図／抽選s of old Gothic buildings to guide him. The facade of the university building remains one of the finest pieces of Gothic in Australia, and though 反対 has been taken to a want of 割合 between his towers and spires and the churches to which they are 大（公）使館員d, his 作品 have still a high place の中で the buildings of the period. 本人自身で he was a man of the strictest probity with a 広大な／多数の／重要な love for his profession.

Art and Architecture, 1905, p. 1; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 12 February 1883; H. E. Barff, A Short Historical Account of the University of Sydney.

BLACKHAM, JOHN McCARTHY (1853-1932), cricketer,

son of F. Blackham, a newsagent, was born at Fitzroy, Melbourne, on 11 May 1853 (Wisden, 1933). Like his 同時代の, Spofforth (q.v.), he became a bank clerk, and held a position in the 植民地の Bank of Australasia for many years. He was 含むd in the first eleven of the Carlton Club when only sixteen, in 1874 became wicket-keeper in the Victorian team and held that position for over 20 years. He was a member of the first eight Australian teams to visit England. In what might be called the first 実験（する） match, which was played in Australia in March 1877, Blackham was chosen as wicket-keeper. Spofforth, who was used to Murdoch (q.v.) taking his bowling, 辞退するd to play, as he thought Blackham not good enough. However, Blackham caught three and stumped one, and in the next match, a fortnight later, though Murdoch was chosen in the team Blackham 保持するd his position as wicket-keeper. Moreover, he stumped Shaw off Spofforth who was then a really 急速な／放蕩な bowler. He played in 35 out of the first 39 実験（する） matches and was 一般に considered the finest keeper of his time. In these matches he caught 36 and stumped 24. He was also an excellent bat and had an 普通の／平均（する） of 15.68 for 62 innings in 実験（する） matches. 得点する／非難する／２０ing was of course 一般に much lower in those days. Playing for Victoria in intercolonial matches he had an 普通の／平均（する） of over 22. His value as a bat, however, cannot be 裁判官d by 普通の／平均（する）s, as he was often at his best when the game was at a 批判的な 行う／開催する／段階. He was not a success as a captain as he worried too much when off the field. After his 退職 in 1895 a match for his 利益 was arranged and an annuity was bought with the proceeds. He died at Melbourne on 28 December 1932.

Blackham was of a rather retiring disposition but in his later years, as a 正規の／正選手 attendant at all matches, he liked to have his old friends about him and was 十分な of anecdotes, reminiscences, and comparisons between players of さまざまな periods. As a cricketer he was the essence of fairness, and his enthusiasm for the game never slackened. It is usually （人命などを）奪う，主張するd that he was the first wicket-keeper to dispense with a longstop to a 急速な／放蕩な bowler, but that is not 厳密に 訂正する as it had いつかs been done in England. Blackham, however, was so 専門家 that he 論証するd that it would 支払う／賃金 to do so. He stood remarkably の近くに to the wickets and when stumping gathered the ball and took off the 保釈（金）s in 事実上 one 活動／戦闘. He also took the ball beautifully from the field and never lost his alertness. In the opinion of many good 裁判官s he was the greatest wicket-keeper of all time. Other men both in England and Australia have done remarkably 罰金 work, but in Blackham's day いっそう少なく attention was paid to 準備するing the wicket and there was no certainty as to how the ball would behave.

The Age, Melbourne, 29 December, 1932; The Argus, Melbourne, 29 December 1932; Wisden, 1933; E. E, Bean, 実験（する） Cricket in England and Australia; personal knowledge.

BLAIR, DAVID (1820-1899), 新聞記者／雑誌記者,

（機の）カム of a north of Ireland family and was born in 1820. He 熟考する／考慮するd for the 省 and （機の）カム to Australia in 1850 at the suggestion of Dr Lang (q.v.), the 意向 存在 that he should go into the 支援する country as a missionary. Blair, however, took up journalism in Sydney, where he was associated with Parkes (q.v.) on the Empire newspaper. Blair went to Victoria in 1852 and had a long and 変化させるd career as a 新聞記者／雑誌記者. He was elected a member of the 法律を制定する 議会 of Victoria in 1856 and again in 1868, but did not make any special 示す in politics. In 1876 he edited the Speeches of Henry Parkes, and in 1879 he published The History of Australasia--to the 設立 of Self-政府, based 大部分は on the 作品 of his 前任者s. In 1881 appeared his Cyclopaedia of Australasia, a useful 編集. Blair, who was a man of scholarly taste with a 罰金 memory, died at Melbourne on 19 February 1899. He married and was 生き残るd by children. In 新規加入 to the 作品 について言及するd he was the author of several 小冊子s.

The Age, Melbourne, 20 February 1899; Blair, Cyclopaedia of Australasia; P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography.

BLAND, WILLIAM (1789-1868), public man and 政治家，政治屋,

son of Robert Bland, a 井戸／弁護士席-known 内科医, was born in London on 5 November 1789. He was 井戸／弁護士席 educated, 熟考する／考慮するd 薬／医学, and in 1809 was 任命するd a 外科医 in the 王室の 海軍. In 1813 he had a quarrel with Robert 事例／患者, the purser on H.M.S. Hesper, as a result of which 事例／患者 challenged Bland. 事例／患者 was 発射 by Bland, who was tried with his second, 中尉／大尉／警部補 Randall, for 殺人 and 設立する 有罪の with a 推薦 to mercy. Bland was 宣告，判決d to transportation for seven years and Randall for eight years. The story of a second duel について言及するd in most of the 当局 appears to be without 創立／基礎. Bland arrived in Sydney in 1814, was すぐに afterwards emancipated, and began to practise as a 内科医. He married in 1817, but a few months later brought an 活動／戦闘 for 離婚 and 回復するd ｣2000 from the co-回答者／被告. In September 1818 he was 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d and 罪人／有罪を宣告するd of libelling 知事 Macquarie (q.v.), and 宣告，判決d to 12 months' 監禁，拘置 and a 罰金 of ｣50. The 名誉き損s were 含む／封じ込めるd in a manuscript 調書をとる／予約する which Bland had dropped in the Parramatta-road.

After his 解放（する） Bland took up his practice again and became a successful 内科医. He took much 利益／興味 in the benevolent 亡命, and in March 1828 知事 Darling (q.v.) spoke in the highest 条件 of the work he was doing there as 医療の attendant. He was also 利益／興味d in the agitation for political freedom, 裁判，公判 by 陪審／陪審員団, and other problems of the period. He published in 1838 New South むちの跡s. Examination of Mr James Macarthur's (q.v. [under 入ること／参加（者） for John Macarthur]) Work, "New South むちの跡s, its 現在の 明言する／公表する and 未来 Prospects" in which he vigorously 戦闘d Macarthur's 見解（をとる）s, and in 1840 he printed his Letter from the Australian 愛国的な 協会 to C. Buller Esq., M.P., the first of a series reprinted in a 容積／容量 in 1849, Letters to Charles Buller. He also published in 1842 反対s to the 事業／計画（する） of His Excellency Sir George Gipps for raising a 貸付金. In July 1843 Bland was returned with Wentworth (q.v.) to 代表する the city of Sydney at the first 選挙 for the 法律を制定する 会議, and the two were henceforth closely associated in the struggle for responsible 政府. Bland and his associates, however, were anxious to continue the transportation system, while Buller held that 代表者／国会議員 政府 and transportation were 相いれない. Wentworth valued Bland 高度に and at the 1848 選挙 said "Whatever your 判決 may be with regard to myself--I 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 you never to forget your tried, 充てるd, indefatigable friend William Bland". にもかかわらず this Bland was 敗北・負かすd although Wentworth 長，率いるd the 投票. Bland was subsequently 任命するd a member of the 法律を制定する 会議 under the n ew 憲法, but 辞職するd his seat some time before his death at Sydney on 21 July 1868.

Bland was energetic, kindly and unselfish, but his temperament was inclined to be fiery. In spite of his experience as a young man he was so incensed in 1849 when Lowe (q.v.) 反対するd to 前科者s 存在 made members of the 提案するd 上院 of the university, that he 現実に challenged him. He was a very able 内科医 and 外科医, much given to philanthropy, and much 利益／興味d in education. He was one of the 創立者s of Sydney College and its 名誉として与えられる treasurer for a long period. He had an inventive mind, and の中で other things 工夫するd "an atmotic ship" which appears to have been a precursor of the Zeppelin. He was one of the 主要な men of his time, and his work during the 憲法の struggle was of 広大な／多数の／重要な value.

The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 22 July 1868; The Empire, Sydney, 22 July 1868; N. J. Dunlop, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. XI, pp. 321-51; Account of the Duel Between William Bland and Robert 事例／患者; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. XI, XIV, XXVI; P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography; A. Patchett ツバメ, Life and Letters of Viscount Sherbrooke, vol. I.

BLASHKI, M., See EVERGOOD, MILES.

BLAXLAND, GREGORY (1771-1852), 開拓する and explorer, [ also 言及する to Gregory BLAXLAND page at 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia]

was born in Kent, England, in 1771 (Burke's 植民地の Gentry 1891). In 1805, with his brother John Blaxland (q.v.), he arranged with the 政府 to go to Australia as a 解放する／自由な 植民／開拓者. He （機の）カム of farming 在庫／株, had some 資本／首都, and as the English 当局 thought it advisable to encourage 植民／開拓者s of a good class, he was given a 解放する／自由な passage for himself and family, a 認める of land, and other 特権s. He arrived at Sydney in April 1806 and in 1808 was associated with the Macarthur (q.v.) 派閥 in the 退位させる／宣誓証言するing of 知事 Bligh (q.v.). He made his peace with 知事 Macquarie but fell out of favour later on. In 1813 Blaxland, who was living at South Creek within a few miles of the mountains and had done a little 探検, arranged an 探検隊／遠征隊 with William Lawson (q.v.) and W. C. Wentworth (q.v.) to cross the mountains. Starting on 11 May the three explorers, with four 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, decided to keep to the 山の尾根s instead of endeavouring to find a way through the gullies, and on 29 May 設立する themselves on the other 味方する with good grass land before them. On 1 June they turned 支援する and arrived at their homes on 6 June. An important and remarkable piece of work had been done, but at first its importance was not realized. In February 1814, after G. W. Evans (q.v.) had made his 探検隊／遠征隊, a 認める of 1000 acres of the newly discovered country was made to each of the three explorers.

Blaxland did no その上の 調査するing. About 1819 he bought land 近づく his brother at Newington on the Parramatta. He did 実験の work with fodder 工場／植物s and 輸入するd vine-在庫／株s from the Cape of Good Hope. He visited England and in February 1823 was in London, as is shown by the preface to his A 定期刊行物 of a 小旅行する of 発見 across the Blue Mountains published in that year. In the same year he was awarded the silver メダル of the 王室の Society of Arts for some ワイン he had 輸出（する）d to London, and five years later he received its gold メダル. In January 1827 Blaxland was elected by a public 会合 with two others to 現在の a 嘆願（書） to 知事 Darling (q.v.) asking that "裁判，公判 by 陪審／陪審員団" and "課税 by 代表" should be 延長するd to the 植民地.

Blaxland was engaged during the next few years in ワイン-making. and other activities, but took no 目だつ part in the life of the 植民地. For the last six months of his life he was 苦しむing a 広大な／多数の／重要な を取り引きする 苦痛s in his 長，率いる which 影響する／感情d his mind, and he died by his own 手渡す on 31 December 1852. He married in 1798 Eliza, daughter of John Spurden, and was 生き残るd by sons and daughters.

J. H. Heaton, Australian Dictionary of Dates; A. Jose, 建設業者s and 開拓するs of Australia; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. V, VII, VIII and other 容積／容量s; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 4 January 1853; J. K. S. Houison, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. XXII, pp. 1-41; W. L. Havard, ibid, vol. XXIII, pp. 28-42.

BLAXLAND, JOHN (1769-1845), 開拓する,

was born in Kent, on 4 January 1769. Educated at King's School, Canterbury, he entered the army and became a captain. He 辞職するd his （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 in 1792, settled 負かす／撃墜する on an 広い地所 at Newington, and in 1805 decided to emigrate to Australia with his brother Gregory Blaxland (q.v.). He made a good 取引 with the English 政府 which agreed that if he brought ｣6000 to the 植民地 he would be 認めるd 8000 acres of land, the 労働 of 80 罪人／有罪を宣告するs who would be fed for 18 months by the 政府, and a 解放する／自由な passage for himself, his wife, children and servants. He decided, however, to 借り切る／憲章 a ship and arrived at Port Jackson on 4 April 1807, with 指示／教授／教育s to 知事 Bligh (q.v.) to give him さまざまな 譲歩s in place of the 解放する／自由な passage. Bligh was no more helpful than he thought necessary, but Blaxland 得るd cattle from the 政府 herd, started a 酪農場 in Sydney, and also sold meat and vegetables. He did a very useful piece of work in 減ずるing the prices of these necessaries, but Bligh was insistent that he should go in for 農業 同様に as grazing. He antagonized Blaxland, who joined in the deposition of Bligh in January 1808, but Blaxland could not get the 譲歩s he 手配中の，お尋ね者 from 陸軍大佐 Johnston (q.v.) and decided to go to England. Bligh, however, 後継するd in getting him 逮捕（する）d at Cape Town and taken to London. After three years in London he 得るd a letter to Macquarie directing that the 初めの 協定 should be carried out. But Macquarie was obsessed with the idea that the land 認めるs were for the 目的 of growing 穀物 and put さまざまな 障害s in his way. However, in the eighteen-twenties, unde r 知事 Brisbane (q.v.), Blaxland 得るd good land in the Hunter valley and was successful as a 在庫／株 owner. He was a member of the 法律を制定する 会議 from 1829 to 1844 and died at Newington on 5 August 1845. Blaxland was married twice and was 生き残るd by sons and a daughter.

Blaxland was a keen man of 商売／仕事, anxious to 運動 a good 取引, and as a 解放する／自由な 植民／開拓者 was in a stronger position than the emancipists. But he antagonized both Bligh and Macquarie and met with much 対立. In spite of this Blaxland as a 開拓する grazier became an important 人物／姿／数字 in the 早期に 開発 of Australia.

J. H. Heaton, Australian Dictionary of Dates; A. Jose, 建設業者s and 開拓するs of Australia; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. V to XXIV; J. K. S. Houison, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. XXII, pp. 1-41; Burke's 植民地の Gentry, 1891; Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 6 August 1845.

BLIGH, WILLIAM (1754-1817), 海軍大将, and 知事 of New South むちの跡s, [ also 言及する to William BLIGH page at 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia]

son of Francis and Jane Bligh, was born at Plymouth on 9 September 1754. In 1770 he joined H.M.S. Hunter as an able 船員, the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 存在 used only because there was no vacancy for a midshipman. He became a midshipman 早期に in the に引き続いて year. In September 1771 he was transferred to the 三日月 and remained on her three years. On 17 March 1776 he was 任命するd master of the 決意／決議, under the 命令（する） of Captain James Cook (q.v.), which sailed from Plymouth in July 1776. It was a remarkable compliment that Bligh should have been selected for this position while still only 21 years of age, but it is evident from Cook's 定期刊行物s that he did his work most efficiently. He reached England again at the end of 1780 and 与える／捧げるd to the account of Cook's third voyage. On 4 February 1781 he was married to Elizabeth Betham, and a few days later was 任命するd master of the Belle Poule. In August he fought under 海軍大将 Parker at the Dogger Bank and was a 中尉／大尉／警部補 on other 大型船s during the next 18 months. Between 1783 and 1787 he was a captain in the merchant service. In 1787 he was 申し込む／申し出d the 命令（する） of the Bounty, on an 探検隊／遠征隊 to procure bread-fruit trees for 伝達／伝染 to the West Indies. The 探検隊／遠征隊 was planned on too small a 規模, Bligh had no 中尉／大尉／警部補 as second-in-命令（する）, and no 海洋s for 保護 in 事例／患者 of 反乱（を起こす）. He carefully looked after the health of his men and did not 扱う／治療する them with undue severity. In April he sailed from Tahiti and on the 28th of that month Fletcher Christian, who was 事実上の／代理 中尉／大尉／警部補, with some companions, 掴むd Bligh while asleep in his cabin and placed him in a boat 23 feet long with 18 other members of the 乗組員. With only four cutlasses for 武器, and food and water 十分な for a few days, the boat was cast off 負担d to within a few インチs of the gunwale. The voyage of about six weeks to Timor was in the circumstances one of the most remarkable ever known. It was possible only because Bligh was a 罰金 船員 and a 勇敢に立ち向かう, resourceful and 決定するd man, who by his own 軍隊 of character was able to bring his 乗組員 to safety except for one man killed by natives. Some of the men died すぐに afterwards, but Bligh had done all that was possible.

Bligh arrived in London in March 1790. In October he was honourably acquitted at the 法廷，裁判所-戦争の to 問い合わせ into the loss of the Bounty, and すぐに afterwards published A Narrative of the 反乱（を起こす） on board His Majesty's Ship Bounty. It was decided that Bligh should be sent out a second time to carry out his earlier 指示／教授／教育s and also to 調査する Torres 海峡. This time there were two 大型船s, the Providence and the Assistant, which had the 器具／備品 欠如（する）ing on the first voyage. They sailed in August 1791 and returned almost 正確に／まさに two years later. Bligh had 首尾よく carried out his 使節団 and brought his 乗組員s 支援する in good health. He was heartily 元気づけるd on quitting his ship. Bligh was on half 支払う／賃金 until April 1795 when he was placed in 命令（する） of the Calcutta. He fought in several 活動／戦闘s during the next 10 years and showed himself to be a 有能な officer. On 21 May 1801 Bligh was elected a fellow of the 王室の Society, and in March 1805 Sir Joseph Banks (q.v.), much in the 信用／信任 of the 政府, 申し込む／申し出d Bligh the position of 知事 of New South むちの跡s at a salary of ｣2000 a year, which was 二塁打 the 量 King (q.v.) was receiving. Bligh hesitated to 受託する the 申し込む／申し出, for one thing his wife had such a horror of the sea she would not go with him. He decided to 受託する, making one 条件 that his son-in-法律 中尉／大尉／警部補 Putland should be 大（公）使館員d to him. He left England in February 1806. One of his 指示／教授／教育s was that no spirits were to be landed in the 植民地 without his 同意, and it was his endeavour to carry out this that led to his 衝突 with the 軍の and to his deposition. He arrived in Sydney in August 1806 and was soon at work. He received 演説（する）／住所s from the Sydney and Hawkesbury 解放する／自由な 植民／開拓者s, w 売春婦 most reasonably asked that all 負債s should be made payable in 通貨 and that they should have the 権利 to buy and sell in open market. Bligh himself soon realized that there was much to be done in the way of building, education and the 支配（する）／統制する of the アルコール飲料 traffic. In a 派遣（する） to Windham, a little more than a year after his arrival, he was able to 報告（する）／憶測 many 改良s, e.g. "the 物々交換する of spirituous アルコール飲料s is 禁じるd--and the floating paper money of an undefined value--is now 強いるd to be drawn payable in 英貨の／純銀の". The whole 派遣（する） 示唆するs that the さまざまな difficulties were 存在 vigorously grappled with, and 令状ing to Banks at about the same period he について言及するs that "this 沈む of iniquity Sydney is 改善するing in its manners and in its 関心s". On 1 January 1808, 833 植民／開拓者s 調印するd an 演説（する）／住所 thanking Bligh for having so 大いに 改善するd their lot, and 保証するing him that they would always regard themselves as bound "at the risque of our lives and 所有物／資産／財産s" to support his 政府. (H.R. of N.S. W., vol. VI, p. 411). But the officers and other monopolists were by no means 満足させるd. A 一連の 活動／戦闘s was brought, the 影響 of which was to discredit Bligh and led to the 裁判，公判 of Macarthur for sedition. Unfortunately the 裁判官-支持する, Atkins, was both weak and incompetent as Bligh 井戸／弁護士席 knew, and it 妨害するd the 知事 very much. While Macarthur was in 保護／拘留 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐 Johnston ordered his 解放（する）, and on 26 January 1808 the New South むちの跡s 軍団 marched to 政府 house and placed Bligh under 逮捕（する）. This continued for over a year. He at last agreed to proceed to England in the Porpoise, and undertook not to return to any part of the 領土 or 干渉する with the 政府. It is （疑いを）晴らす that Bligh never ーするつもりであるd to keep this 約束. He said afterwards that he 調印するd the paper because he thought it was his 義務 to 回復する his ship. He was 取引，協定ing with mutineers and he considered that he should outwit them if possible. Once on board he assumed 命令（する） a nd instead of sailing to England he proceeded to Hobart, where he was received with 尊敬（する）・点 by the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 陸軍大佐 David Collins (q.v.). But Collins became luke-warm and Bligh 駅／配置するd the Porpoise at the 入り口 of 嵐／襲撃する Bay Passage. In this position he remained until January 1810. In the 合間 it had been decided to 解任する Bligh and 任命する Lachlan Macquarie (q.v.) as 知事. Macquarie was 教えるd to 復帰させる Bligh for one day, but this could not be done because Bligh was in Tasmania. All the 公式の／役人s whom Johnston had 退位させる／宣誓証言するd were 復帰させるd. Bligh returned to Sydney on 17 January 1810 and collected 証拠 in connexion with the 来たるべき 裁判，公判 of Johnston. He sailed for England on 12 May and arrived on 25 October. At the 法廷，裁判所-戦争の of Johnston the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s against Bligh were disproved after 十分な 調査, and Johnston was cashiered. On 31 July 1811 Bligh was gazetted 後部-海軍大将 of the Blue and in 1812 後部-海軍大将 of the White. In the same year his wife died, and in 1813 he was 認めるd a 年金 and retired to the Manor House, Farmingham, Kent. In June 1814 he was made 副／悪徳行為-海軍大将 of the Blue. He died while on a visit to London on 7 December 1817, and was 生き残るd by six daughters.

Bligh was below 普通の／平均（する） 高さ, somewhat ひどく built, with 黒人／ボイコット hair, blue 注目する，もくろむs, and a pale complexion. He was a 完全に efficient officer, a 広大な／多数の／重要な 航海士 and cartographer, honoured and esteemed by his friends, Nelson, Sir Joseph Banks, Sir Frederick Pollock and other 井戸／弁護士席-known men. By 現在の 基準s his land 処理／取引s with his 前任者 King may be questioned, but in those days men felt that if they 直面するd the 危険，危なくするs of distant lands they were する権利を与えるd to some reward. The 認めるs made by King and Bligh were comparatively small when compared with those of William Paterson (q.v.). The worst that can be said of Bligh is that he had a choleric temper …を伴ってd on occasions by a flow of violent language. He was unfortunate in 存在 the 犠牲者 of two 反乱（を起こす）s, but in each 事例／患者 the circumstances were against him. On the Bounty he had no 海洋s to enable him to 施行する his 当局, and he （機の）カム into 衝突 with the 強烈な but unbalanced personality of Fletcher Christian. In New South むちの跡s, the 軍の officers, the very men who should have supported him, were the 長，指導者 原因（となる） of the evils he was trying to 戦闘. No 疑問 he might have shown more tact on occasions, but he was not a tyrant and his 最近の 伝記作家s agree in 絵 him as a 勇敢に立ち向かう, just, and 広大な／多数の／重要な man.

G. Mackaness, The Life of 副／悪徳行為-海軍大将 William Bligh; H. V. Evatt, Rum 反乱; H. S. Montgomerie, William Bligh of the Bounty; Owen Rutter, 騒然とした 旅行; Geoffrey Rawson, Bligh of the "Bounty"; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of New South むちの跡s, vols. VI and VII; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. V to VII; G. Suttor, Australian Stories Retold, p. 6; R. G. Hay, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s Parramatta and 地区 Historical Society, vol. IV; F. M. Bladen, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. I, pp. 192-200.

BLOCKSIDGE, CHARLES WILLIAM. See BAYLEBRIDGE, WILLIAM

BLYTH, SIR ARTHUR (1823-1891), 首相 of South Australia,

son of William Blyth and his wife Sarah Wilkins, was born at Birmingham on 21 March 1823. He was educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, and arrived with his parents in South Australia in 1839. His father, who afterwards became a city 議員, 設立するd an ironmongery 商売／仕事 at Adelaide, which Blyth entered with his brother Neville. He 利益／興味d himself in 地方自治体の work and was a member of the central road board. In 1855 he was elected for Yatala in the old 法律を制定する 会議 and 補助装置d in でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるing the new 憲法. 早期に in 1857 he was elected as one of the 代表者／国会議員s of Gumeracha in the first house of 議会, and in August became commissioner of public 作品 in the John パン職人 省 which, however, was 敗北・負かすd on 1 September. On 12 June 1858 he was given the same position in the Hanson (q.v.) 省, which remained in 力／強力にする until May 1860. In October 1861 he held the treasurer's 大臣の地位 in the Waterhouse (q.v.) 省 which, however, was 再建するd nine days later, when Blyth dropped out. He （機の）カム 支援する to the 省, however, as treasurer in February 1862, and was selected as one of the three 代表者／国会議員s of South Australia at the intercolonial 会議／協議会 held すぐに afterwards. On 4 August 1864 Blyth, taking the positions of 首相 and commissioner of 栄冠を与える lands and 移民／移住, formed his first 省, but it was difficult to do useful work, much time 存在 wasted in no-信用／信任 動議s. Blyth 辞職するd on 22 March 1865, was treasurer in the third 省 formed by Ayers (q.v.), but was out of office again in little more than a month. In March 1866 he became 長，指導者 長官 in Boucaut's (q.v.) first 省 from March 1866 to May 1867. He was treasurer again in the first Hart (q.v.) 省 in September 1868, but this 省 was 敗北・負かすd three weeks later. He took the position of commissioner of 栄冠を与える lands and 移民／移住 in the second Hart 省, which lasted from 30 May 1870 to 10 November 1871, when Blyth formed his second 省, but 辞職するd only ten weeks later. On 22 July 1873 he again became 首相 and this time took the 大臣の地位 of 長，指導者 長官. This 省 was a comparatively stable one and lasted until June 1875. It 後継するd in doing something for 移民／移住, and after a 厳しい fight passed a 解放する／自由な, 世俗的な, and compulsory education 法案 through the 議会. This was 敗北・負かすd in the 会議. It 後継するd, however, in passing an 行為／法令／行動する 会社にする／組み込むing the university of Adelaide. On 25 March 1876 Blyth became treasurer in the third Boucaut 省 which 辞職するd いっそう少なく than three months later. In February 1877 he was 任命するd スパイ／執行官-general for South Australia in London and held the position capably for many years. He was one of the 代表者／国会議員s of South Australia at the 1887 植民地の 会議／協議会. He died in England on 7 December 1891. In 1850 he married Jessie Ann, daughter of Edward Forrest, who 生き残るd him with one son and two daughters. He was created K.C.M.G. in 1877 and C.B. in 1886. A good 商売／仕事 man of 広大な／多数の／重要な ありふれた sense Blyth was in eleven 閣僚s and was three times 首相. It was, however, a difficult time for 法律制定 and beyond the Torrens (q.v.) real 広い地所 行為／法令／行動する which Blyth supported, comparatively little important 法律制定 was passed in his period. His brother Neville Blyth (1 828-90) was a member of the South Australian house of 議会 for several years between 1860 and 1878. He was treasurer from 24 September to 13 October 1868 and 大臣 of education from 26 October 1877 to 27 September 1878. He then went to England where he died on 15 February 1890 [sic—現実に 7 December 1891].

The South Australian 登録（する）, 9 December 1891; The Advertiser, Adelaide. 9 December 1891; E. Hodder, The History of South Australia; P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography; Burke's Peerage, etc., 1891.

BOAKE, BARCROFT HENRY THOMAS (1866-1892), poet,

was born at Sydney on 26 March 1866. His father, Barcroft Capel Boake, was a photographer, his mother, 初めは Florence Eva Clarke, was the daughter of Henry Clarke an accountant. The son was educated at a school kept by Edward Blackmore. and for a few months at Sydney Grammar School. He showed no particular ability at school, and at 17 years of age was placed in the office of a Sydney land-surveyor. In July 1886 he joined E. Commins, a surveyor, and had experience as a field-assistant, working for some time in the Monaro 地区. One night in July 1888, as a foolish joke, he and another young man pretended to hang themselves, but Boake had put a slip knot in his rope and nearly lost his life. This 出来事/事件 probably 影響する／感情d the 残りの人，物 of his short life. After spending two years in the 調査するing （軍の）野営地，陣営 Boake was disinclined to return to the city, took service as a 境界 rider, and worked in New South むちの跡s and Queensland. In May 1890 he joined W. A. Lipscomb, a surveyor, and remained with him until the end of 1891. About this time he began to send 詩（を作る）s to the 公式発表 and was much pleased when they were 受託するd. In December 1891 he returned to his home to find it a house of gloom. His father's once 繁栄する 商売／仕事 had now failed, and his father was depressed with money difficulties. His mother had died some years before, and his grandmother, for whom he had much affection, was now an 無効の. He remained at home for some weeks unable to get work and 収入 nothing except a few guineas from the 公式発表. In April 1892 he one day said to a sister "I have had rather a knock today. I hear that my best girl is going to be married". On 2 May he left the house and did not return. About a week later his 団体／死体 was discovered, 一時停止するd by the 攻撃する of his stockwhip from the 四肢 of a tree, 近づく the shore of Long Bay, Middle Harbour. He was of an habitually melancholy temperament, had a weak heart which had been その上の depressed by over-smoking, and a combination of unhappy circumstances le d him to take his own life.

Boake was 普通は a 勇敢な, generous and unselfish man who in happier circumstances might have had a reasonable chance of finding life 価値（がある） living. His 伝記作家 thought that had fortune favoured him Boake might かもしれない have become the 真っ先の poet in Australia. His work was collected in 1897 and published with a memoir by A. G. Stephens (q.v.) under the 肩書を与える of Where the Dead Men 嘘（をつく） and other Poems. The 肩書を与える poem has deservedly 設立する its way into several Australian anthologies, but most of Boake's work is not much better than good popular 詩（を作る）, and there is little 証拠 to support Stephens's 見積（る） of his 可能性s as a poet.

A. G. Stephens, Memoir in Boake's Where the Dead Men 嘘（をつく） and other Poems.

BOAS, ABRAHAM TOBIAS (1844-1923), rabbi Hebrew congregation, Adelaide,

was born at Amsterdam, Holland, where his father was also a rabbi, on 25 November 1844. He was educated at the 地元の ユダヤ人の school and 熟考する／考慮するd theology under a 井戸／弁護士席-known Hebraist, Delaville. In 1865 he went to England, and in 1867 became 大臣 to the ユダヤ人の congregation at Southampton. In 1869 he was selected as rabbi for the congregation at Adelaide, and he arrived there on 13 February 1870. He held the position for 48 years, and became a 井戸／弁護士席-known 人物／姿／数字 in all movements ーするつもりであるd to 今後 the cultural and 構成要素 good of the community . 井戸／弁護士席 read, a 広大な／多数の／重要な student of Shakespeare, 都市の and 肉親，親類d-hearted, 幅の広い-minded and anxious to be of use to other denominations than his own, he was a welcome 訪問者 to the Y.M.C.A., and often lectured on 面s of ユダヤ人の life and Old Testament history. He not only earned the affection of his own congregation, he was 一般に 認めるd as a 価値のある and public-spirited 国民. He 辞職するd his 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 in 1918 in consequence of an illness from which he never fully 回復するd. He died on 20 February 1923. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac Solomon, who died in 1916, and was 生き残るd by four sons and five daughters.

The 登録（する）, Adelaide, 21 February 1923; The Advertiser, Adelaide, 21 February 1923.

BOCK, THOMAS (1790-1857), artist,

was born at Sutton Coldfield, England, in 1790. He was 見習い工d to an engraver at Birmingham, and in 1817 was awarded a silver メダル by the Society for the 激励 of Arts, 製造（する）s and 商業, for the engraving of a portrait. He afterwards practised in London as an engraver and miniature painter. He （機の）カム to Hobart about the year 1824 and worked as an engraver, portrait and miniature painter. He was one of the exhibitors at the first 展示 of pictures held in Australia, in January 1845 at Hobart. An artist of ability, he is 代表するd in the Hobart gallery. the Beattie collection at the Launceston museum, and at the Mitchell library. He died at Hobart in 1857. His son, Alfred Bock (1835-1920), who was the first to introduce photography into Tasmania, was one of the earliest native born artists and painted both portraits and landscapes.

W. Moore, The Story of Australian Art; 処理／取引s of the Society for the 激励 of Arts, 製造（する）s and 商業, vol. XXXV.

BOLDREWOOD, ROLF. See BROWNE, THOMAS ALEXANDER.

BONNEY, CHARLES (1813-1897), 開拓する, [ also 言及する to Charles BONNEY page at 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia]

youngest son of the Rev. George Bonney, fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, was born at Sandon, Staffordshire, England, on 31 October 1813. He was educated at Rugeley Grammar School, arrived at Sydney in December 1834, and became clerk to Mr 司法（官） Burton (q.v.). Some 18 months later he went with C. H. Ebden to the Murray on about the 現在の 場所／位置 of Albury. In December 1836, he crossed the Murray and took cattle to Port Phillip, having been に先行するd by only Gardiner and Hawdon (q.v.). In March 1837 he was the first to 陸路の sheep, bringing some 10,000 belonging to Ebden to a 駅／配置する on the Goulburn. In January 1838, 事実上の／代理 as a 肉親，親類d of first assistant to Joseph Hawdon, he went with him and a party with about 300 cattle, from the Murray, 近づく Albury, to Adelaide. It was the hottest season of the year, and groups of aborigines were continually 存在 遭遇（する）d, but the party 後継するd in keeping on good 条件 with them. It was not until 1 March that they （機の）カム to the junction of the Darling with the Murray, and the whole 旅行 took about three months. A beautiful lake was 設立する on 4 March and 指名するd after the young Queen Victoria, and on 12 March another lake was 設立する and 指名するd by Hawdon after Bonney. The Murray was left on 23 March, and after travelling many miles, 開始する Barker was reached. About 1 April they reached the seashore 近づく where the 郡区 of Noarlunga now stands. 会合 some 植民／開拓者s, they made for Adelaide, where they arrived on 3 April and 設立する a ready market for their cattle. Returning to Port Phillip by sea Bonney brought another herd of cattle 陸路の to Adelaide in February 1839, the 大勝する taken 存在 through south-west Victoria. 近づく the 国境 the country became so 乾燥した，日照りの, that 災害 was 辛うじて escaped. Fortunately water was f ound, and when the Murray was crossed only one bullock and one horse were lost. In spite of their difficulties, only 23 cattle were lost on the whole 旅行. Bonney stayed at Adelaide for a time and then joined Ebden again at the Murray. In 1841 a period of 不景気 led to cattle becoming almost unsaleable, and in 1842 Bonney became a 治安判事 and commissioner of 栄冠を与える lands in South Australia. He held this position for about 15 years.

When responsible 政府 （機の）カム in, Bonney was elected a member of the house of 議会 for East Torrens, and became commissioner of 栄冠を与える lands in the first 省 under Finniss (q.v.). This 省 went out of office in August 1857 and Bonney 辞職するd his seat in the に引き続いて January. He was in England from 1858 to 1862, and returning to South Australia, was a member of the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1865 and 1866. From 1869 to 1871 he was 経営者／支配人 of the South Australian 鉄道s. In 1871 he was 任命するd 視察官 of lands 購入（する）d on credit, and in 1880 retired on a 年金. In 1885 he went to Sydney and died there on 15 March 1897. He left a 未亡人, two sons and three daughters.

Bonney belonged to the best type of 開拓する. He quickly adapted himself to the 条件s of his new country, was an excellent explorer, and understood how to keep the aborigines in good humour. In later years he was a successful public 公式の／役人, held in 広大な／多数の／重要な 尊敬（する）・点 by the people of Adelaide.

The South Australian 登録（する）, 16 March 1897; The Advertiser, Adelaide, 16 March 1897; A. S. Kenyon, The Victorian Historical Magazine, June and December 1925; J. Blacket, The 早期に History of South Australia, pp. 94-105; T. H. James, Six Months in South Australia, p. 168.

BONWICK, JAMES (1817-1906), historical and 教育の writer,

was born at London on 8 July 1817, the eldest son of James and Mary Ann Bonwick. James Bonwick, the 年上の, was a man of some mechanical ability, but he 苦しむd from ill health, and his children were brought up in poor circumstances. His eldest son was educated at the Borough Road school. Southwark, and at 17 years of age teaching at a school at Hemel Hempstead and 類似の positions followed at Bexley and Liverpool. In April 1840 he married Esther Ann Beddow, the daughter of a Baptist clergyman, and in the に引き続いて year 得るd a position at the Normal School, Hobart, Tasmania. Bonwick and his wife arrived at Hobart in October 1841. He was a successful teacher in Hobart for eight years and published his 地理学 for the Use of Australian 青年 in 1845, the first of his many school 調書をとる／予約するs. He went to Adelaide in 1849, but in 1852 made his way to the Victorian gold diggings. He did not find much gold, but his health 利益d, and going to Melbourne he 設立するd a 月毎の magazine, The Australian Gold-Diggers' 月毎の Magazine, which 中止するd 出版（物） with the eighth 問題／発行する. He then 設立するd a successful 搭乗 school at Kew, 近づく Melbourne. He had already published several school 調書をとる／予約するs and 小冊子s, when in 1856 he brought out his 発見 and 解決／入植地 of Port Phillip, the first of his historical 作品. About this time he joined the Victorian 政府 service as an 視察官 of denominational schools, and in 1857 made a 小旅行する of 査察 through the western 地区 of Victoria. He then made Ballarat his centre and worked there for about four years. During his 旅行s he 苦しむd from sunstroke and a coaching 事故, and became so ill that he had to retire from the service. He was given 18 months' leave of absence, but was unable to continue this work. His 長，率いる had been 負傷させるd in the 事故. He was never able to ride a horse again, and he was always liable to have an attack of giddiness. He visited England in 1860 and then returned to Melbourne and opened a school in the 郊外 of St Kilda, which became very 繁栄する. He paid another visit to England with his wife, leaving the school in the 手渡すs of a son and a friend of his. They, however, mismanaged the school, and Bonwick was compelled to return and put things in order again. He was doing much 令状ing, and in the 続いて起こるing years travelled in さまざまな parts of Australia, New Zealand and Europe. の中で his more important 容積／容量s were The Last of the Tasmanians, Daily Life and Origin of the Tasmanians, and Curious Facts of Old 植民地の Days, all three published in 1870; Egyptian Belief and Modern Thought (1878), First Twenty Years of Australia (1882), Port Phillip 解決／入植地 (1883), and Romance of the Wool 貿易（する） (1887). He had now finally settled 負かす／撃墜する in England and in this year was 任命するd archivist for the New South むちの跡s 政府. He traced and copied the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that became the basis of the History of New South むちの跡s, vol. I by G. B. Barton, and vol. II by A. Britton. His 構成要素s were afterwards printed as The Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of New South むちの跡s. Though he published other 容積／容量s, these 記録，記録的な／記録するs were his 主要な／長／主犯 work until in 1902, at the age of 85, he 辞職するd his position. In 1900 he had celebrated with his wife the sixtieth 周年記念日 of their wedding. She died in 1901 and he felt her loss 熱心に. He 完全にするd and published in 1902 his final 容積／容量, An Octogenarian's Reminiscences, and died on 6 October 1906. He was 生き残るd by five children.

Bonwick was an amiable, 宗教的な man, 十分な of nervous energy and with a passion for work. All things （機の）カム to his 逮捕する; history, 宗教, astronomy, 地理学, anthropology and 貿易（する） were の中で the 支配するs of his 調書をとる／予約するs. Some of the more important have been について言及するd, some fifty others are 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）d in "A Bibliography of James Bonwick" by Dr G. Mackaness (Jnl. and Proc. R. A. H.S., 1937). An even longer 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of his writings is appended to James Bonwick by E. E. Pescott. His school 調書をとる／予約するs were of 広大な／多数の／重要な value at a time when it was difficult to 得る suitable 調書をとる／予約するs in Australia, and his historical work was always conscientious, though the 発見 of 構成要素s not then 利用できる may have 少なくなるd its value in some 事例／患者s.

James Bonwick, An Octogenarian's Reminiscences; E. E. Pescott, James Bonwick; P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography.

BONYTHON, SIR JOHN LANGDON (1848-1939), editor and public benefactor,

was the second son of George Langdon Bonython and his wife Annie, daughter of James Fairbairn MacBain of Aberdeen. The Bonythons are an 古代の Cornish family, 井戸／弁護士席-known in Tudor and Stuart times. Bonython was born in London on 15 October 1848, and was brought to South Australia by his parents at an 早期に age. He received a sound education at Brougham school, Adelaide, in his sixteenth year 得るd a position on the staff of the Advertiser, Adelaide, and, as a 同僚 put it, began to "work as though the paper belonged to him". This capacity for hard work remained with him all his life and stood him in good stead in the newspaper office, where his position 刻々と 改善するd. He became a part proprietor of the Advertiser in 1879, and subsequently for a period of 35 years was editor and 単独の proprietor. Other papers were 追加するd, the Chronicle, a 週刊誌, and the evening 表明する. In 1929 these papers were taken over by a public company. During his editorship of the Advertiser, Bonython was closely in touch with the public men of South Australia and 演習d a large 影響（力） on the community. He never had the 力／強力にする that Syme (q.v.), for a period, had in Victoria, but was にもかかわらず one of the most 影響力のある 新聞記者／雑誌記者s in Australia. He was too busy a man to enter 地元の politics and probably realized that he could be more powerful outside the house. In 1901, however, he was 指名するd for the 連邦の house of 代表者／国会議員s and in a 明言する／公表する-wide 投票（する） 得るd second place on the 投票. At the 1903 選挙 he was 反対者のない for the 選挙民 of Barker. He was a member of the select 委員会, 1904, and 王室の （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, 1905-6, on old-age 年金s. He gave up politics in 1906, was 任命するd one of the 14 trustees under the Australian 兵士s' 本国送還 行為／法令／行動する of 1916, and one of the seven commissioners under the 兵士s' 本国送還 行為／法令／行動する of 1917. He retired from his newspapers in 1929, after 65 years' service.

In spite of his の近くに attention to 商売／仕事, Bonython 設立する time for many other 利益／興味s, the 長，指導者 of which was education. In 1883 he was elected chairman of the old Adelaide school board of advice, and for 18 years rarely 行方不明になるd a 会合. In 1889 he became 大統領，／社長 of the 会議 of the school of 地雷s and 産業s, and held the position for 50 years. He fought with 大臣s for it, and when 財政上の difficulties arose, 補助装置d with his own purse. He 供給するd the 基金s for the 化学製品 and metallurgical 研究室／実験室s, かもしれない the most up-to-date in the 連邦／共和国, and kept his 利益／興味 in the school to the end of his life. He was chairman of the 会議 of the 農業の college at Roseworthy from 1895 to 1902, joined the 会議 of the university of Adelaide in 1916, and gave ｣52,329 to build a 広大な／多数の／重要な hall and ｣20,000 to endow a 議長，司会を務める of 法律. He was 副 chairman of the South Australian （a）忠告の／（n）警報 会議 of education from 1916 to 1926, chairman of the 連邦／共和国 literary 基金 for 20 years, 大統領，／社長 for many years of the South Australian Cornish 協会, and in 1931 was elected 大統領，／社長 of the 王室の 会・原則 of Cornwall, as 後継者 to Viscount Falmouth. に向かって the end of his life he gave ｣100,000 toward the 完成 of 議会 house, Adelaide, and was 現在の at the 開始 of the new 法律を制定する 会議 議会 in June 1939. Except for some deafness, Bonython 保持するd all his faculties until a few hours before his death on 22 October 1939, a week after his ninety-first birthday. He married in1870 Marie Louise Friedrike, daughter of D. F. Balthasar, who died in 1924. He was 生き残るd by a son and three daughters. He was knighted in 1898, created C.M.G. in 1908, and K.C.M.G. in 1919. Though Bonython gave away much, both 個人として and 公然と, his 広い地所 of ｣4,000,000 was probably the largest ever left by an Australian. Most of it went to his family, though there were several bequests to 宗教的な 会・原則s. His success was 大部分は 予定 to his 広大な／多数の／重要な vitality, prudence and capacity for work. He had a remarkable memory, was a good raconteur, and could make an excellent speech.

His son, Sir John Lavington Bonython, born in 1875 and educated at Prince Alfred College, was 市長 of Adelaide 1912-13 and lord 市長 1927-30. He was knighted in 1935.

Burke's 植民地の Gentry, 1891; The Advertiser, Adelaide, 23 and 24 October 1939; Ninety-eighth 年次の 報告（する）／憶測 of the 王室の Cornwall Polytechnic Society, 1931; Debrett's Peerage, etc., 1936.

BOOTHBY, GUY NEWELL (1867-1905), known as Guy Boothby, 小説家,

was born at Adelaide on 12 October 1867. His grandfather, Benjamin Boothby (1803-1868), who was a 裁判官 of the 最高の 法廷，裁判所 of South Australia from 1853 to 1867, took strong exception to the 有効性，効力 of 植民地の （法の）制定s and さまざまな 試みる／企てるs were made to 除去する him from the （法廷の）裁判. He 後継するd in 正当化するing his position to the extent that it was necessary to have an 皇室の 実証するing 行為／法令／行動する passed. His obstructive methods became so pronounced, that he was 除去するd from office by the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 in July 1867. He died on 21 June 1868. His son, Thomas Wilde Boothby, who for a time was a member of the house of 議会 at Adelaide, was the father of Guy Boothby. The boy was educated at Salisbury, 近づく Adelaide, and Christ's Hospital, London. In 1890 he wrote the libretto for a comic オペラ, Sylvia, which was published and produced at Adelaide in December 1890, and in 1891 appeared The Jonquil: an オペラ. The music in each 事例／患者 was written by Cecil James Sharp (q.v.), afterwards to become 井戸／弁護士席-known for his 熟考する／考慮するs in folk song. About this time Boothby was 私的な 長官 to the 市長 of Adelaide. In 1894 he published On the Wallaby or Through the East and Across Australia, an account of the travels of himself and his brother, 含むing a description of their 旅行 across Australia from Cooktown to Adelaide. In the same year his first novel, In Strange Company, was published in London and was quickly successful. Boothby went to London and for the next 10 years 注ぐd out a constant stream of novels. About 50 are 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）d in Miller's Australian Literature. He died at Bournemouth on 26 February 1905. He married Rose Allen Bristowe, who 生き残るd him with three children.

Boothby used his Australian experiences to some extent in his 調書をとる／予約するs, but he roamed the world in search of adventure and sensation. In his third novel, appeared Dr Nikola, a 悪意のある 人物／姿／数字, who is 目だつ in several of the later 調書をとる／予約するs and helped to give Boothby wide 人気 as a writer of exciting fiction. Probability is stretched to the 最大の in his 調書をとる／予約するs and the suggestion of the writer of The Times obituary notice that they 持つ／拘留する a 類似の position in the world of fiction to the old Adelphi melodramas on the 行う／開催する／段階, is かもしれない a 十分に 適する summing up of their value as literature.

P. Mennell, The Dictionary of Australasian Biography; The 登録（する）, Adelaide, 1 March 1905; The Times, 28 February 1905; E. Morris Miller, Australian Literature.

BOSCH, GEORGE HENRY (1861-1934), merchant and philanthropist,

was born at Solomon's Flat, 近づく Beechworth, Victoria, on 18 February 1861. His father belonged to a Dutch family which migrated to Hamburg and became 繁栄する merchants. His mother was Bavarian. George Bosch was educated at a 私的な school at Richmond, a 郊外 of Melbourne, and was then 見習い工d to a watchmaker. He went to Sydney in 1881 and with his father's help, 設立するd a small watchmaker's 商売／仕事. He began 輸入するing watchmakers' and jewellers' 供給（する）s, and about 1884 joined 軍隊s with E. Barthel, who had a 類似の 商売／仕事, under the 指名する of Bosch, Barthel and Company. The 輸入するing of dental and opticians' 供給（する）s was 追加するd in 1885, and the 商売／仕事 became the largest of its 肉親，親類d in Australia. In 1894 Bosch bought Barthel's 利益／興味 in the 商売／仕事, which continued to 進歩 and 拡大する with 支店s in Melbourne and Brisbane. Working very hard and living 簡単に, Bosch became very 豊富な, and he 静かに gave away かなりの sums of money. His first public gift was a large 寄付 to the dreadnought 基金 in 1909. He had a 決裂／故障 in 1915 予定 to overwork, and henceforth had to go more 静かに. In 1924 he gave a sum of ｣1000 to the university of Sydney for 研究 on paralysis. This was followed in 1925 by ｣2000 for 癌 研究, and in 1928 ｣27,000 was given to 設立する a 議長，司会を務める in histology and embryology, and ｣1500 for the 購入（する） of apparatus for the anatomy department. In October 1929, ｣220,000 in city 所有物／資産／財産s and 安全s was transferred to the university to 設立する 十分な time 議長，司会を務めるs in 薬／医学 外科 and bacteriology, and for the building and equipping of 研究室／実験室s or the 昇進／宣伝 of 医療の and surgical knowledge. Another large 寄付 was ｣10,000 to Trinity Grammar School, Sydney, and he 与える／捧げるd 大部分は to the upkeep of the Millewa boys' home and the Windsor boys' farm. Though he 事実上 retired in 1924, he had another 決裂／故障 in 1928, but after a long holiday in the east, he （機の）カム 支援する in much 改善するd health. In July 1932 the university rec eived a その上の sum of ｣6000. He died at Sydney on 30 August 1934. He married in 1929, Gwendoline Jupp, who had nursed him through an illness. She 生き残るd him with two sons. After 供給するing for 遺産／遺物s and a life 利益／興味 for his 未亡人, その上の 相当な 利益s will 結局 accrue to the university of Sydney. A portrait of Bosch by Lambert (q.v.) is in the 広大な／多数の／重要な hall at the university, and there is a 記念の window at St John's church, Gordon, Sydney.

Bosch was a keen 商売／仕事 man, whose only recreation was walking until he took up ゴルフ in middle life. He looked upon his wealth as a 責任／義務 and gave much thought to his benefactions, his 長，指導者 願望（する） 存在 that he might 緩和する human 苦しむing.

The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 1 and 4 September 1934; Calendar of the University of Sydney, 1940; 私的な （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）; personal knowledge.

BOUCAUT, SIR JAMES PENN (1831-1916), 首相 of South Australia and 裁判官,

was born 近づく Falmouth, Cornwall, on 29 October 1831. He was the son of a 海軍 officer, Captain Ray Boucaut, and his wife, Winifred, daughter of James Penn, superintendent of the 王室の dockyard at Falmouth. Educated at the Rev. Mr Hayley's school at Saltash, Boucaut left with his father for South Australia in 1846, and after some 植民地の experience in the 内部の, returned to Adelaide. He was then articled to C. Fenn, and was 認める to the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 in November 1855. He had a 広大な／多数の／重要な capacity for taking 苦痛s, an excellent memory for 事例／患者s, and his 23 years at the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 were 示すd by 刻々と 増加するing success. In December 1861 he was returned to the house of 議会 as a 代表者／国会議員 of Adelaide, but was 敗北・負かすd at the 総選挙 in 1862. In March 1865 he was elected for West Adelaide at the 長，率いる of the 投票. In October he became 弁護士／代理人／検事-general in the first Hart (q.v.) 省, and when the 首相 retired to go to England in February 1866, Boucaut took his place in a 再建するd 省 which was in 力／強力にする until May 1867. He was 敗北・負かすd at the 1870 選挙, but （機の）カム into the house again as member for West Torrens in 1871. In January 1872 he became 弁護士／代理人／検事-general in Ayers' (q.v.) sixth 省, but retired when the 閣僚 was 再建するd 早期に in March. On 3 June 1875 Boucaut formed his second 省, in which he was commissioner of 栄冠を与える lands and 移民／移住 and, for a few weeks, commissioner of public 作品. An education 法案 was 首尾よく taken through the 議会, and in September Boucaut brought in a 法案 権限を与えるing the raising of a 貸付金 of ｣3,000,000 for the construction or 拡張 of 13 lines of 鉄道 and さまざまな other public 作品. But 対立 in the 会議, and the 恐れる of 増加するd 課税, 一時的に held up 鉄道 e xtensions. The 閣僚 was 再建するd in March 1876, but 辞職するd 早期に in the に引き続いて June. The 省 of J. Colton (q.v.), which followed, 可決する・採択するd part of Boucaut's 鉄道 拡張 政策 and 後継するd in carrying it through. Boucaut formed his third 省 in October 1877 with the 大臣の地位 of treasurer. During the に引き続いて nine months some useful 法律制定 was passed, 含むing a 栄冠を与える lands consolidation 法案, and 準備／条項 for several 鉄道 lines and for the 改良 of 勝利者 Harbour. An 所得税 法案 was 敗北・負かすd, but a 所有物／資産／財産 税金 of threepence in the 続けざまに猛撃する was agreed to. In September 1878, on the death of Mr 司法（官） Stow (q.v.), Boucaut was 任命するd a 裁判官 of the 最高の 法廷，裁判所.

Boucaut was a 裁判官 for 27 years. It was at first thought that he could not be content to be out of politics, but he had a real 利益／興味 in 合法的な work and 証明するd to be an excellent 裁判官. He was 事実上の／代理 裁判長 during the absence of Way (q.v.) in England in 1891-2, and on several occasions 行為／法令／行動するd as 副 知事 between 1885 and 1897. He 辞職するd in February 1905 on a 年金 of ｣1300 a year, on account of failing health. He had an 広い地所 at the foot of 開始する Barker, where he bred pure Arab horses. His health 改善するd with leisure and he lived until 1 February 1916, 存在 then in his eighty-fifth year. He married in 1864, Janet, daughter of Alexander McCulloch, who predeceased him. He was 生き残るd by five sons and a daughter. He became a Q.C. in 1875 and was created K.C.M.G. in 1898. He published in London in 1905, his vigorously written The Arab, the Horse of the 未来, and in the に引き続いて year, Letters to My Boys, An Australian 裁判官 and Ex-首相 on his Travels in Europe. Though this is 単に a reprint of letters written to his children when travelling in Europe in 1892, it makes an excellent 調書をとる／予約する, far superior in 利益／興味 to most work of this 肉親，親類d. Boucaut's Speeches on 鉄道s and Public 作品 was published as a 小冊子 in 1875.

In 私的な life Boucaut was amiable and kindly, 利益／興味d in old violins, in his horses, and his ヨット, which he could 扱う like a master 水夫. As a barrister he had a sound knowledge of the ありふれた 法律, and though perhaps not a 広大な／多数の／重要な 支持する, was 徹底的な and 執拗な. In 議会 he soon developed a knowledge of 議会の 手続き and his 価値（がある） was quickly 認めるd. He was 首相 on three occasions, but for many years before there had been much intriguing for 力／強力にする, and the 普通の／平均（する） life of a 省 was only about eight months. Boucaut was a stronger man than any of his 前任者s, showed more statesmanlike 質s, and in spite of 障害（者）s, 後継するd in bringing in a 今後 政策. When he became a 裁判官 no man was left in the South Australian 議会 of equal 資格s as a 政治家，政治屋. As a 裁判官 he was fearless and conscientious, 十分な of ありふれた sense and worldly 知恵. He was learned in ありふれた and 法令 法律, and as a 憲法の lawyer was unsurpassed in his time.

The Advertiser, Adelaide, 2 February 1916; The 登録（する）, Adelaide, 2 February 1916; E. Hodder, The History of South Australia; Debrett's Peerage, etc., 1915.

BOUCICAULT, DION (1859-1929), actor and 行う／開催する／段階 director,

was born at New York on 23 May 1859, the son of Dion Boucicault the 年上の, the 井戸／弁護士席-known actor and dramatist, and of his wife, Agnes Boucicault, who was also 井戸／弁護士席 known on the 行う／開催する／段階. Boucicault was educated at Esher, Cuddington and Paris, and made his first 外見 as an actor in New York on 11 October 1879. His first 外見 in London was in November 1880, when he played Andy in Andy Blake. Thereafter he was 絶えず on the 行う／開催する／段階 either playing himself or directing the 生産／産物. In 1885 he went to Australia with his father and decided to remain there. He entered into 共同 with Robert Brough in 1886, and at the Bijou Theatre in Melbourne and the Criterion in Sydney a long 一連の plays by Robertson, Pinero, Jones and other dramatists of the period was produced with 広大な／多数の／重要な care and artistry. A remarkably 罰金 company was got together which 含むd Boucicault's. sister Nina, afterwards to make a 評判 in London, G. S. Titheradge (q.v.), and G. W. Anson. Though modern comedy was usually played there was one excursion into Shakespeare, a 著名な 業績／成果 of Much Ado About Nothing with Titheradge as Benedick, and Mrs Brough as Beatrice. Boucicault had invaluable experience both as a 生産者 and as an actor, and when he returned to London in 1896 he was 有能な of taking any part that his small stature did not disqualify him for. On 20 January 1898 he played one of his most successful parts, Sir William Gower, in Trelawney of the 井戸／弁護士席s, and a long succession of important parts followed. He directed the first 生産／産物 of Peter Pan and other 井戸／弁護士席-known plays by Barrie, Milne and さまざまな 主要な dramatists of the time. He visited Australia in 1923 with his wife Irene Vanbrugh, with a repertoire which 含むd Mr Pim Passes By, Belinda, The Second Mrs Tanquerary, Trelawney of the 井戸／弁護士席s, His House in Order and A ren't We All. Two other visits followed in 1926 and 1927-28 when plays by Barrie, Milne and others were 行う／開催する／段階d. Boucicault's health began to 拒絶する／低下する in Australia, and returning to London, he died there on 25 June 1929. His wife 生き残るd him. A portrait by Byam Shaw is at the 国家の gallery, Melbourne.

Boucicault was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 生産者 of comedy. No 詳細（に述べる） was too small and everything fell into its place in exact relation to the whole 生産／産物. In Australia he 始める，決める a 基準 that has seldom if ever been より勝るd. He was a most finished actor in a wide 範囲 of parts and in his later years became the 合法的 後継者 of Sir John Hare in playing old men's parts. It might be 勧めるd that his carefully thought out and (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述する 商売／仕事 in such a part as Mr Pim drew too much attention to himself and 妨げるd him from keeping within the でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる of the picture. But to his many admirers the perfection of his 詳細（に述べる） was a constant delight, which more than 補償するd for any 危険s of that 肉親，親類d he may have run.

The Times, 26 June 1929; The Argus, Melbourne, 27 June 1929; Who's Who's in the Theatre, 1925; D, Mackail, The Story of J. M. B.; personal knowledge.

BOURKE, JOHN PHILIP (1860-1914), poet,

was born on the Peel River diggings, New South むちの跡s, on 5 August 1860. 採掘 was in his 血 and at the age of 17 he sold a （人命などを）奪う，主張する for ｣600. He then became a school teacher for 17 years and during this period occasionally 与える／捧げるd 詩（を作る） to the 公式発表. In 1894 he went to the recently discovered goldfields in Western Australia, prospected in さまざまな parts of the west, and at times made and lost a かなりの 量 of money. About the turn of the century Bourke took up journalism and was a 正規の／正選手 contributor to the Kalgoorlie Sun. He was a writer of vigorous prose and 詩（を作る） which gave him a 地元の 評判, but he was comparatively little known away from the gold-採掘 towns. He died at 玉石, Western Australia, on 13 January 1914. A 選択 from his 詩（を作る）, Off the Bluebush, edited by A. G. Stephens (q.v.), was published in Sydney in 1915.

Bourke was a typical man of the goldfields 時代. Straightforward, kindly, spending his money 自由に when he had it, cheerfully looking 今後 to a new "rise" when he had 非，不，無. Like E. G. Murphy (q.v.) he was a popular poet. In his own phrase they were "singers standing on the outer 縁, who touch the fringe of poetry at times". Murphy wrote more and had the larger audience, but Bourke was the more musical and more often did 後継する in touching the fringe of poetry. It would be unwise to 階級 their 詩（を作る） too high, but both have value as folk poets who became popular, 大部分は because they 心から 表明するd the spirit of their time.

A . G . Stephens, Preface to Off the Bluebush; The Kalgoorlie 鉱夫, 14 January 1914.

BOURKE, SIR RICHARD (1777-1855), 知事 of New South むちの跡s,

was born at Dublin, Ireland, on 4 May 1777. It has been 明言する／公表するd that the date on his tombstone is 1778, but as he matriculated in 1793 and qualified as a barrister in 1798, that date seems ありそうもない to be 訂正する. He was the only son of John Bourke of 郡 Limerick by his marriage with Anne, daughter of Edward Ryan of Dublin. The family was 関係のある to the famous Edmund Burke. Richard Bourke was educated at Westminster School and Oxford university, where he 卒業生（する）d B.A. in 1798. He had 後継するd to his father's 広い地所s in 1795. He qualified as a barrister, but never practised, and joined the army as an ensign in 1798. He was 厳しく 負傷させるd on active service in Holland, and was 促進するd 中尉／大尉／警部補 in 1799. Returning to England he was placed on the staff, became a captain in 1805, fought at Buenos Ayres in South America in 1806, was 促進するd major in 1808, and was on service in the 半島 war from 1809 to 1814. He 達成するd the 階級 of 陸軍大佐 in 1814 and was made a C.B. in the に引き続いて year. He was for some years on half-支払う／賃金 and became a major-general in 1821. From 1826 to 1828 he did useful work as 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 in the eastern 地区 of the Cape of Good Hope. On 25 June 1831 he was 任命するd 知事 of New South むちの跡s and arrived at Sydney on 2 December 1831.

Bourke was fortunate in the time of his 任命. He （機の）カム after an 人気がない 知事, Sir Ralph Darling (q.v.), and さまざまな changes were coming that tended to 減ずる the difficulties and 苦悩s of the 知事. One たびたび（訪れる） 原因（となる） of 不満, the 力／強力にする of making 認めるs of land, was taken from the 知事 早期に in 1835. The status of the emancipists was still a difficult problem, but in 1834 judicial 判決，裁定s had 回復するd 事実上 the whole class to 十分な civil 権利s. There was a large 増加する in 解放する／自由な 植民／開拓者s from 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain, and during Bourke's 行政 a practical system for general 移民／移住 was 設立するd. The income from the sale of 栄冠を与える lands became an important source of 歳入, and the combination of these things had 広大な／多数の／重要な 影響 on the 拡大 of the 植民地 during the period of nearly seven years that Bourke was 知事.

Though Bourke no longer had the 独裁的な 力／強力にするs enjoyed by Macquarie (q.v.) he 演習d an important 影響（力） on the 進化 of the 憲法 of Australia. In a statesmanlike 派遣（する） 時代遅れの 25 December 1833 he pointed out some of the disadvantages of the 存在するing 指名するd 会議 of 15 members, and 示唆するd that the 会議 会員の地位 should be 大きくするd to 24, two-thirds of whom should be elected by the colonists. Two years later he （機の）カム to the 結論 that a larger 会議 would be better and 示唆するd one of 36 members of whom 12 were to be 指名するd by the 栄冠を与える. (Sir) F. Forbes (q.v.), the 裁判長, at his request 草案d a 法案 具体的に表現するing these suggestions. Several years were to pass before 代表者／国会議員 政府 was 設立するd, but Bourke's 活動／戦闘 at this time had an important 影響（力） in bringing about the 改革（する）. Bourke was also 責任がある the introduction of 明言する／公表する 援助（する） to the 宗教的な 団体／死体s. New South むちの跡s was no longer the 沈む of iniquity that Macquarie 設立する, but there was need to help the さまざまな churches, all 努力する／競うing for righteousness in their different ways. Bourke's 影響（力） was also wisely used in favour of the introduction of civil 陪審／陪審員団s in 犯罪の 裁判，公判s.

The 開始 up of the Port Phillip 地区, which began in 1835, was an important 開発 in Bourke's period. In October of that year he pointed out in a 派遣（する） to Lord Glenelg that though the 条約 of Batman (q.v.) with the natives could not be 認めるd, it would be advisable to 調査する a 郡区 and to 任命する a police 治安判事 and an officer of customs. His 見解（をとる）s were 受託するd. Bourke visited Port Phillip in March 1837, and having 認可するd of the 状況／情勢 chosen for the 郡区 arranged for the first land sale. In June he 今後d a 派遣（する） to the 植民地の office making suggestions for the 行政 of the new 解決／入植地. These formed the basis for the 政府 結局 設立するd.

In December 1835 Bourke had come into 衝突 with C. D. Riddell, the 植民地の treasurer, and had 一時停止するd him from the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議. The 事柄 was referred to the 植民地の office and Glenelg, while 一般に supporting the 知事, directed that Riddell should be re-instated. He considered that so long as Riddell held the office of treasurer, he should be a member of the 会議, and that to 退位させる／宣誓証言する him from his treasurership would be "to （打撃，刑罰などを）与える a 刑罰，罰則 far more than 相応した to the offence" (H.R. of A. ser I, vol. XVIII, p. 482). Bourke was not 満足させるd and 辞職するd his office on 30 January 1837, but the 受託 of his 辞職 was not received until 近づく the end of the year. He left Australia on 5 December 1837 and lived the life of a country gentleman in Ireland. In his 青年 he had been a たびたび（訪れる） 訪問者 at the house of his kinsman Edmund Burke, and with Charles William Earl Fitzwilliam he now busied himself in 準備するing an 版 of Burke's Correspondence. This was published in four 容積／容量s in 1844. Bourke was 促進するd to the 階級 of 中尉／大尉／警部補-general in 1837 and to that of general in 1851. He died suddenly on 12 August 1855. He was 生き残るd by two sons and three daughters. He had married in 1800 Elizabeth Jane, daughter of John Bourke of London. She died at Parramatta in 1832. Bourke was created K.C.B. in 1835. His statue, 築くd by public subscription, is at Sydney.

Bourke was the most popular of all the 早期に 知事s. But he was more than that, his ability and 知恵 する権利を与えるd him to be 述べるd as a 広大な／多数の／重要な 知事. Between 1830 and 1837 the 全住民 of New South むちの跡s nearly 二塁打d itself, the 歳入 was more than trebled, 輸入するs rose from ｣420,480 to ｣1,297,491 and 輸出（する）s from ｣141,461 to ｣760,054. All the credit of this cannot be given to Bourke, but his wise and impartial 支配する was an important factor in bringing about 改善するd relations の中で the people and a 広大な／多数の／重要な 増加する in general 繁栄.

Gentleman's Magazine, 1855, vol. II; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, ser. I, vols. XVI to XIX; J. W. Metcalfe, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. XXX. Reprinted as a 小冊子, 知事 Bourke--Or, The Lion and the Wolves.

BOWEN, SIR GEORGE FERGUSON (1821-1899), 知事 of Queensland and Victoria,

eldest son of the Rev. Edward Bowen, was born in Ireland on 2 November 1821 (Dict.Nat.Biog.). He was educated at the Charterhouse and Trinity College, Oxford, was twice 大統領，／社長 of the union, and in 1844 卒業生（する）d with first-class honours in classics. In 1817 he 受託するd the position of 大統領，／社長 of the Ionian university at Corfu, travelled much in Greece, and in 1850 published Ithaca in 1850 (3rd 版 1854). In 1852 he brought out Mt Athos, Thessaly and Epirus and in 1854 appeared Handbook for Travellers in Greece, in Murray's 井戸／弁護士席-known series. In the same year he was 任命するd 長，指導者 長官 of 政府 in the Ionian islands, then under a British protectorate. In 1858 the Ionian 議会 asked that the islands should be 会社にする／組み込むd in the kingdom of Greece, and Bowen recommended that all the 主要な／長／主犯 islands except Corfu should be transferred, but 結局 Corfu was 含むd in the 移転. In 1859 he was 任命するd the first 知事 of Queensland and arrived at Brisbane on 10 December 1859. 未解決の the 選挙 Bowen formed a 試験的な 政府 which 含むd (Sir) R. G. W. Herbert (q.v.), and R. R. Mackenzie (q.v.). When 議会 met Herbert became the first 首相 and held office for several years. Bowen showed much tact in his 管理／経営 of the 政治家，政治屋s of the period during the difficult 早期に years of 議会, and he quickly made himself familiar with the 植民地's settled 地区s. He had nothing like the 力／強力にする of some of the 早期に 知事s in other 植民地s before responsible 政府 （機の）カム in, but he was able to 演習 a かなりの 量 of 影響（力） and used it with 知恵. He was 知事 for an 異常に long period, eight and a half years, his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 having been 延長するd at the end of si x years. In 1866 he had a difference with his 省 which at first 脅すd his 人気. An 試みる／企てる was made to 問題／発行する inconvertible 政府 公式文書，認めるs and to make them 合法的な tender in the 植民地. Bowen felt that this was one of the few occasions when a 知事 might legitimately 干渉する, and pointed out that the 権利 course would be to 得る the 許可／制裁 of the 立法機関 to the 問題／発行する of 財務省 法案s. As a consequence of the 知事's 活動／戦闘 the 省 辞職するd, and a 嘆願（書） was 調印するd asking for the 知事's 解任する. Bowen, however, was supported by the 植民地の office and the agitation died 負かす／撃墜する. In 1868 he was made 知事 of New Zealand where he held office for about five years, until March 1873. He （機の）カム before the end of the Maori war and showed much ability during a difficult period in the history of New Zealand.

早期に in 1873 Bowen became 知事 of Victoria and in 1875 had a year's leave of absence in Europe. The 植民地 was exceedingly 繁栄する and for some time he had no 憲法の problems, but in 1877 he became 伴う／関わるd in the struggle between the 法律を制定する 議会 and the 法律を制定する 会議 on the question of 支払い（額） to members. In January 1878 he 行為／法令／行動するd with doubtful judgment in 同意ing to the "黒人／ボイコット Wednesday" 卸売 解雇／（訴訟の）却下 of 公式の／役人s by the Berry (q.v.) 政府, and in February he incurred the 不賛成 of the members of the 会議 by acquiescing in Berry's 財政上の expedients during the 議会の 行き詰まる; but experienced British 議会人s like Gladstone, Childers (q.v.), W. E. Forster and Lord Dufferin all 認可するd of his 行為／行う. In 1879 Bowen became 知事 of Mauritius and in 1882 he was 任命するd 知事 at Hong Kong. He left Hong Kong on a visit to England in December 1885, and in 1886 辞職するd his 知事／長官の職 and retired from the service of the 栄冠を与える. He, however, was 任命するd in December 1887, to be 長，指導者 of a 王室の （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 sent to Malta to 報告（する）／憶測 on the 手はず／準備 connected with its new 憲法. After his return he continued his 利益／興味 in 植民地の questions but took no part in politics. He died at Brighton on 21 February 1899. He married (1) Roma, daughter of Count Candiano di Roma, and (2) Florence, daughter of Dr T. Luby, and was 生き残るd by four daughters and a son by the first marriage. He was created C.M.G. in 1855, K.C.M.G. in 1856, G.C.M.G. in 1860, and was made a privy 議員 in 1886. He was given the 名誉として与えられる degree of D.C.L. by Oxford university and LL.D. by Cambridge.

Bowen was a 罰金 classical scholar who also knew 井戸／弁護士席 Italian and modern Greek. He was always 利益／興味d in the life of the people, and tactful in his speech. He could be strong when it was necessary, and though 非難するd on occasions he never 欠如（する）d able 支持者s. 一般に he 証明するd himself to be an able and excellent 知事.

S. 小道／航路-Poole, Thirty Years of 植民地の 政府, a 選択 from Bowen's 派遣（する）s and letters; C. A. Bernays, Queensland--Our Seventh Political １０年間; The Times, 22 February 1899; Victoria the First Century; Burke's Peerage, etc., 1899.

BOWSER, SIR JOHN (1856-1936), 首相 of Victoria,

the son of John Henry Bowser, was born at London on 26 August 1856. He was brought to Victoria when three years old by his parents who settled at Bacchus 沼. Educated at the 地元の 明言する／公表する school, Bowser joined the Bacchus 沼 表明する and then went to Scotland, where he 熟考する／考慮するd at Edinburgh university and worked for a time on the Dumfries and Galloway 基準. He returned to Australia about the year 1880, settled at Wangaratta, and became at first editor and afterwards proprietor of the Wangaratta 基準. At the time of the Kyabram movement he was elected to the Victorian 法律を制定する 議会 as a 改革（する） 候補者 for Wangaratta and Rutherglen and held the seat for 35 years. He became known as one of the leaders の中で the country members, and in October 1908 後継するd A. O. Sachse as 大臣 of education in the Bent (q.v.) 省, which was, however, 敗北・負かすd a few weeks later. In November 1917 he became 首相, 長，指導者 長官 and 大臣 of 労働 in a 省 which lasted いっそう少なく than four months. In the Lawson 省 which followed he was 長，指導者 長官 and 大臣 of health from March 1918 to June 1919. In November 1924 he was elected （衆議院の）議長 and held the position until May 1927. He retired from politics in 1929 and spent the 残り／休憩（する） of his life at Wangaratta where he died on to June 1936. He married in 1914 フランs Rogers who predeceased him. He was knighted in 1927.

Bowser was a 静かな, unassuming, courteous and scholarly man, whose 正直さ was unquestioned. He was much liked on all 味方するs of the house, but he had not the 軍隊 of will to be a good leader. He had the necessary tact for the （衆議院の）議長's position, and as an 行政官／管理者 and 私的な member did much public service of 広大な／多数の／重要な value to the 明言する／公表する.

The Argus, Melbourne, 11 June 1936; The Age, Melbourne, 11 June 1936; Burke's Peerage, etc., 1935.

BOYCE, FRANCIS BERTIE (1844-1931), clergyman and social 改革者,

son of Francis Boyce, an accountant, was born at Tiverton, Devonshire, England, on 6 April 1844. He was brought by his parents to Australia and, after 存在 shipwrecked off Barwon. 長，率いるs, Victoria, arrived at Sydney in August 1853. Boyce was educated at St James Grammar School and at a 私的な school kept by James Keane, and, his father having died in January 1858, entered the service of the Union Bank of Australia in the に引き続いて December. He was eight years with this bank, but deciding to enter the Church of England, went to Moore College at the beginning of 1867, was 任命するd 助祭 in December 1868 and priest in 1869. His first parish was George's Plains 近づく Bathurst, followed by Molong in 1873 and Orange in 1875. Boyce was a hard-working and enthusiastic country clergyman, travelling many miles on horseback to reach his people, and raising money to build churches where no church had been before. The church built at Orange cost ｣7000, had accommodation for 600 people, and few seats were 空いている when Boyce was 持つ／拘留するing the service. In April 1882 he went to Pyrmont, an 産業の area, and in 1884 to St Paul's, Redfern. He remained there for 46 years, was elected a canon of St Andrew's cathedral in December 1899, and in 1910 was 任命するd archdeacon of West Sydney.

St Paul's, Redfern, when Boyce went to it was socially a mixed parish. In George- and Pitt-streets there were many 豊富な people, while on the western 味方する of the 鉄道 line there was a dense 全住民 and part of it was a slum area. Boyce had for some time shown much 利益／興味 in the temperance question and was active in fights for 地元の 選択 and the earlier の近くにing of hotels. When the New South むちの跡s 同盟 was 設立するd in 1882 he was the first 長官 and afterwards was its 大統領，／社長 for over 20 years. He published in 1893 a 容積／容量 on The Drink Problem in Australia, and later brought out other 出版（物）s on 宗教的な and temperance questions. He was much 苦しめるd by the poverty of some parts of his parish and 特に the position of men and women too old to work. He believed in old-age 年金s, and on 9 September 1895 wrote to the Sydney Daily Telegraph 支持するing the 任命 of a 委員会 to 問い合わせ into and 報告（する）／憶測 on this question. 早期に in 1896 he called a 会合 to form a 年金s league. J. C. Neild had also been 支持するing the 認めるing of 年金s in 議会, and 結局 a 委員会 was 任命するd which recommended that 年金s should be paid out of the public 歳入. Boyce worked hard to keep the question before the public, but it was not until the end of the century that 年金s became 法律. The first 年金s were paid on 1 July 1901.

Boyce was a 熱烈な 愛国者, and when the question of having an Empire Day was raised in 1902 he supported the suggestion with enthusiasm. He was 広報担当者 of a deputation which waited on Sir Edmund Barton (q.v.), the 首相, and he continued his 成果／努力s for it until it was 設立するd on 24 May 1905. At 会合s of the 教会会議 of the diocese of Sydney Boyce took an important part, and he continued active work in his parish until extreme old age. He 辞職するd his arch-deaconry in 1930 and died at Blackheath on 27 May 1931. He was married twice (1) to Caroline, daughter of William Stewart, who died in 1918, and (2) to Mrs Ethel Burton, who 生き残るd him, with two sons by the first marriage. The 年上の son, Francis Stewart Boyce (1872-1940), became a K.C. in 1924 and a 裁判官 of the 最高の 法廷，裁判所 of New South むちの跡s in 1932.

F. B. Boyce, Four 得点する／非難する／２０ Years and Seven; The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 28 May 1931; Year 調書をとる／予約する of the Diocese of Sydney, 1932, p. 163; Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1931; Who's Who In Australia, 1938, 1941.

BOYCE, WILLIAM BINNINGTON (1804-1889), scholar and clergyman,

was born at Beverley, Yorkshire, England, on 9 November 1804. He entered the Wesleyan 省 and in 1830 was sent to South Africa with 指示／教授／教育s to 収集する a grammar of the Kaffir language. He did this while working as a missionary and published it in 1834 under the 肩書を与える of A Grammar of the Kafir [Thus spelt in first 版.] Language. A second 版, A Grammar of the Kaffir Language augmented and 改善するd with Vocabulary and 演習s by William J. Davis, was published in 1844, and a third in 1863. Boyce returned to England in 1843, had a church at Bolton for two years, and was then sent to Australia as general superintendent of the Wesleyan 使節団s. He arrived at Sydney in January 1846, carried on his work vigorously, and was elected 大統領，／社長 of the first Wesleyan 会議／協議会 held in Australia. He published in 1849 A 簡潔な／要約する Grammar of Modern 地理学, For the Use of Schools. In 1850 he was 任命するd one of the first members of the 上院 of the university of Sydney and took a special 利益／興味 in the 形式 of the university library. He 辞職するd when he went to England in 1859 to become one of the general 長官s of foreign 使節団s. He edited in 1874 a Memoir of the Rev. William Shaw, and in the same year appeared 統計（学） of Protestant Missionary Societies, 1872-3.

Boyce returned to Sydney in 1876 and took up church work again. He was a busy man, often doing much lecturing during the week and preaching three times on a Sunday. Yet he 設立する time to do much literary work and brought out two important 調書をとる／予約するs, The Higher 批評 and the Bible, 時代遅れの 1881, and an Introduction to the 熟考する／考慮する of History, which appeared in 1884. 早期に in 1885, at a dinner party in Sydney, he met J. A. Froude, who was much attracted to him (Oceania, p. 195). Working until the end, with his mind in 十分な vigour, Boyce died suddenly at Sydney on 8 March 1889. He was married twice (1) to a daughter of James Bowden and (2) to a daughter of the Hon. George Allen and was 生き残るd by four daughters by the first marriage.

Boyce was a man of wide reading and encyclopaedic knowledge. His Grammar of the Kaffir Language had special value as it formed the basis on which much of the 熟考する／考慮する of other South African languages was built. His 容積／容量 on The Higher 批評 and the Bible, and his Introduction to the 熟考する／考慮する of History, were both excellent 調書をとる／予約するs of their period, and his 組織するing 力／強力にする was shown in his bringing the Wesleyan Church in Australia to the 明言する／公表する when it could 解放する／自由な itself from 要求するing help from the missionary society in England. 本人自身で he was a man of much sagacity and 親切, with a vivacious 利益／興味 in both the past and the 現在の, and 広大な／多数の／重要な 力／強力にするs of work.

A grandson, William Ralph Boyce Gibson (1869-1935), was professor of mental and moral philosophy at the university of Melbourne from 1911 to 1934 and was the author of several philosophical 作品. He was 後継するd by his son, Alexander Boyce Gibson, born in 1900.

The Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）, 9 March 1889; The British Museum 目録; The Melbourne University Calendar, 1936.

BOYD, ARTHUR MERRIC (1862-1940), artist,

BOYD, BENJAMIN (C. 1796-1851), 開拓する,

was born about the year 1796 at Merton Hall, Wigtonshire, Scotland. He was the second son of Edward Boyd by his wife Jane, daughter of Benjamin Yule. In 1824 he was a stockbroker in London and on 8 October 1840 he 演説（する）／住所d a letter to Lord John Russell, 明言する／公表するing that he had recently 派遣（する）d a 大型船 完全に his own at a cost of ｣30,000 for the 目的 of 貿易（する）ing in Australian waters. He also 明言する／公表するd that he ーするつもりであるd to send other 大型船s, and asked for 確かな 特権s in connexion with the 購入（する） of land at さまざまな ports he ーするつもりであるd to 設立する. He received a guarded reply 約束ing 援助, but pointing out that land could not be sold to an individual to the "除外 or disadvantage of the public". About this period Boyd had floated the 王室の Bank of Australia, and debentures of this bank to the 量 Of ｣200,000 were sold. This sum was 結局 taken by Boyd to Australia as the bank's 代表者／国会議員. He arrived in Hobson's Bay on his ヨット, the Wanderer, on 15 June 1842, and reached Port Jackson on 18 July.

Boyd seems to have lost no time in 投資するing his own and his bank's money. In a 派遣（する） of Sir George Gipps (q.v.) 時代遅れの 17 May 1844 he について言及するd that Boyd was one of the largest 無断占拠者s in the country, with 14 駅／配置するs in the "Maneroo" 地区 and four at Port Phillip, 量ing together to 381,000 acres of land. At about the same period the 会社／堅い of Boyd and Company had three steamers and three sailing ships in （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限. Large sums of money were also 存在 spent on 設立するing the port of Boyd Town on the south coast, which 伴う／関わるd the building of a jetty 300 feet long, and a lighthouse 75 feet high. Four years later a 訪問者, speaking of the town, について言及するd its Gothic church with a spire, commodious 蓄える／店s, 井戸／弁護士席-built brick houses, and "a splendid hotel in the Elizabethan style". At this time Boyd had nine whalers working from this port. In 1847 he began shipping natives from the 太平洋の islands, hoping thus to get an 制限のない 供給（する） of cheap 労働. This 計画／陰謀 turned out to be a 完全にする 失敗. The beginning of Boyd's troubles was the loss of two 法律-控訴s for the 保険 money on one of his 大型船s which was 難破させるd, but 一般に one gets the impression, that though he was always keen to 得る his 労働 as cheaply as possible, his 計画／陰謀s were too grandiose for the then 明言する／公表する of Australia. The 株主s in the 王室の Bank became 不満な, and 結局 not only was the whole of the 資本／首都 lost but there was a 欠陥／不足 of ｣80,000. Boyd was 明らかに 許すd to keep his ヨット the Wanderer, for he sailed on her to California on 26 October 1849. In America he went to the gold-diggings but had no success, and in June 1851 he sailed in the Wanderer for a voyage の中で the 太平洋の islands. On 15 October 1851, while at the Solomon Islands, Boyd went 岸に with one native to shoot game and was never seen again. A party was landed and search was made for h im, but no trace of him could be 設立する except a belt which had belonged to him. It appears to be 確かな that he was killed soon after he landed. There were afterwards rumours that he had escaped, and at the end of 1854 an 探検隊／遠征隊 was sent to the islands to make その上の 調査s. The search was やめる fruitless.

Boyd was a man of "an 課すing personal 外見, fluent oratory, aristocratic connexions, and a fair 株 of 商業の acuteness" (Sidney, The Three 植民地s of Australia). Mrs Georgiana McCrae (q.v.), with whom he had dinner when he first （機の）カム to Port Phillip, looked at him with an artist's 注目する，もくろむ and said: "He is Rubens over again. Tells me he went to a bal masque as Rubens with his 幅の広い-leafed hat." He belonged to the eternal type of the adventurer, always sanguine, and seldom stopping to count the cost. All that remains to remind us of him are the decaying buildings of Boyd Town 近づく Eden on Twofold Bay.

J. H. Watson, 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s 王室の Australian Historical Society, vol. II, pp. 129-49; Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, vols. XXI, XXIII, XXIV, XVI; J. Webster, The Last 巡航する of "The Wanderer"; Hugh McCrae, Georgiana's 定期刊行物.

BOYD, THEODORE PENLEIGH (1890-1923), always known as Penleigh Boyd, artist,

was born in Wiltshire, England, on 15 August 1890, the eldest son of an artist, Arthur Merric Boyd (q.v.). His mother, where he 熟考する／考慮するd for four years under Frederick McCubbin (q.v.) and L. Bernard Hall (q.v.). When only 19 years of age he held an 展示 of his work at the Guildhall, Melbourne, which was successful, and he sailed for England before reaching his twenty-first birthday. A large landscape "Springtime" was hung at the 展示 of the 王室の 学院 of 1911. Boyd then went to Paris and 熟考する／考慮するd at the Acad駑ie Colarossi, received good advice from E. P. Fox (q.v.), and was much 利益／興味d in the French 絵 of the period, though it had little 影響 on his work. In 1912 he married Edith Gerard Anderson and after a 小旅行する in Europe returned to Australia in 1913. He held another successful show of his work, and soon afterwards won the second prize at the 競争 for a picture of the 場所／位置 of Canberra, 組織するd by the 連邦の 政府. He also won the Wynne prize at Sydney in the に引き続いて year. He enlisted for active service in 1915, was 厳しく ガス／無駄話d in September 1917, and 無効のd to Australia in 1918. He 設立するd himself at Warrandyte 近づく Melbourne and continued a successful career as a painter. In July 1923 he brought out from Europe a large collection of 絵s by 井戸／弁護士席-known artists which was shown at Melbourne and Sydney. He died after a モーター 事故 on 28 November 1923. His wife 生き残るd him with two sons.

Boyd painted 首尾よく both in water-colours and in oils, but will be remembered 主として for his work in the latter medium. He worked with 広大な／多数の／重要な 施設, from the beginning 絵 seemed to have no difficulties for him. His 製図／抽選 was good, he had a natural sense of 協定, and a first 率 feeling for colour. His わずかに theatrical "Breath of Spring" in the Melbourne gallery scarcely does him 司法（官）; he is better 代表するd at Sydney, and examples of his work will also be 設立する in the galleries at Adelaide, Geelong and Castlemaine.

J. S. MacDonald, The Landscapes of Penleigh Boyd; W. Moore, The Story of Australian Art.

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