THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL

On the 12th of June, 1775, Captain Harris, afterwards Lord Harris, wrote home from the town of Boston, then 占領するd by British 軍隊／機動隊s:

"I wish the Americans may be brought to a sense of their 義務. One good drubbing, which I long to give them, by way of 報復, might have a good 影響 に向かって it. At 現在の they are so elated by the petty advantage they 伸び（る）d the 19th of April, that they despise the 力／強力にするs of Britain. We shall soon take the field on the other 味方する of the Neck."

This very 公正に／かなり 表明するd the irritation in the British （軍の）野営地，陣営. The 軍隊／機動隊s had been sent to Massachusetts to subdue it, but as yet nothing had been done in that direction.

At The 盗品故買者—The 戦う／戦い of （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕 Hill

The ignominious flight of the British 正規の／正選手s from Lexington and Concord was still unavenged. More than that, they had been kept の近くに in Boston ever since by the 地方の 民兵.

"What!" cried General Burgoyne when on his arrival in May he was told this news. "What! Ten thousand 小作農民s keep five thousand King's 軍隊／機動隊s shut up? Let us get in, and we'll soon find 肘-room!" "肘-room" was the army's 指名する for Burgoyne after that.

A little later General Gage 発言／述べるd to General Timothy Ruggles, "It is impossible for the 反逆者／反逆するs to withstand our 武器 a moment."

Ruggles replied: "Sir, you do not know with whom you have to 競う. These are the very men who 征服する／打ち勝つd Canada. I fought with them 味方する by 味方する. I know them 井戸／弁護士席; they will fight bravely. My God, sir, your folly has 廃虚d your 原因（となる）!"

Besides Burgoyne, the Cerberus brought over Generals Clinton and Howe, and large 増強s, so that the 軍隊s under General Gage, the 指揮官-in-長，指導者, were over ten thousand. By June 12 the army in Boston was 現実に unable to procure fresh 準備／条項s, and Gage 布告するd 戦争の 法律, 指定するing those who were in 武器 as 反逆者／反逆するs and 反逆者s.

The Essex Gazette of June 8 says: "We have the 楽しみ to 知らせる the public that the Grand American Army is nearly 完全にするd." This Grand American Army was spread around Boston, its （警察，軍隊などの）本部 at Cambridge, under 命令（する） of General Artemas 区, who had fought under Abercromby. The Grand American Army was an army of 同盟（する）s. 区, its supposed 長，指導者, was authorised to 命令（する） only the Massachusetts and New Hampshire 軍隊s, and when the Connecticut and Rhode Island men obeyed him it was 純粋に through 儀礼. Each 植民地 供給（する）d its own 軍隊／機動隊s with 準備／条項s and 弾薬／武器; each had its own officers, 任命するd by the 委員会 of Safety.

To this 委員会, June 13, （機の）カム the tidings that Gage 提案するd to 占領する （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕 Hill, in Charlestown, on the 18th, and a 会議 of war was held, which 含むd the savagely bluff, warm-hearted 愛国者, General イスラエル Putnam, of the Connecticut 軍隊／機動隊s; General Seth Pomeroy; 陸軍大佐 William Prescott; the hardy, 独立した・無所属 Stark; and Captain Gridley, the engineer—all of whom were 退役軍人s of the French and Indian war.

As a result of the 会合, a detachment of nine hundred men of the Massachusetts 連隊s, under 陸軍大佐s Prescott, Frye, and 橋（渡しをする）, with two hundred men from Connecticut, and Captain Gridley's 大砲 company of forty-nine men and two field-pieces, were ordered to parade at six o'clock P.M., the 16th, on Cambridge ありふれた. There they appeared with 武器s, packs, 一面に覆う／毛布s, and 堅固に守るing 道具s. 大統領 Langdon, of Harvard College, made an impressive 祈り, and by nine o'clock they had marched, the entire 軍隊 存在 under the 命令（する） of 陸軍大佐 Prescott.

A uniform of blue turned 支援する with red was worn by some of the men, but for the most part they wore their "Sunday 控訴s" of homespun. Their guns were of all sorts and sizes, and many carried old-fashioned 砕く-horns and pouches. Prescott walked at their 長，率いる, with two sergeants carrying dark lanterns, until they reached the Neck.

The Neck was the （土地などの）細長い一片 of land 主要な to the 半島 opposite Boston, where lay the small town of Charlestown. The 半島 is only one mile in length, its greatest breadth but half a mile. The Charles River separates it from Boston on the south, and to the north and east is the Mystic River. （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕 Hill begins at the isthmus and rises 徐々に to a 高さ of one hundred and ten feet, forming a smooth 一連の会議、交渉／完成する hill.

At Cambridge ありふれた, the night the 軍隊／機動隊s started for （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕 Hill, イスラエル Putnam had made this eloquent 演説（する）／住所: "Men, there are enough of you on the ありふれた this evening to fill hell so 十分な of the redcoats to-morrow that the devils will break their 向こうずねs over them."

At （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕 Hill the 探検隊／遠征隊 停止（させる）d, and a long discussion 続いて起こるd between Prescott, Gridley, Major Brooks, and Putnam as to whether it would be better to follow 区's orders literally and 防備を堅める／強化する （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕 Hill itself, or to go on to the lesser elevation south-east of it, which is now known as 産む／飼育する's Hill, but had then no special 指名する. They agreed upon 産む／飼育する's Hill. They began to 堅固に守る at midnight. Prescott was 消費するd with 苦悩 lest his men should be attacked before some 審査する could be raised to 避難所 them. However enthusiastic they might be, he did not think it possible for his raw 軍隊／機動隊s to 会合，会う to any advantage a disciplined soldiery in the open field.

So the pickaxe and the spade were busy throughout the night. It was silent work, for the 敵 was 近づく. In Boston Harbour lay the Lively, the Somerset, the Cerberus, the Glasgow, the Falcon, and the Symmetry, besides the floating 殴打／砲列s. On the Boston shore the sentinels were pacing outside the British 野営. At intervals through the night Prescott and Brooks stole 負かす／撃墜する to the shore of Charles River and listened till the call of "All's 井戸／弁護士席!" rang over the water from the ships and told them that their 計画／陰謀 was still undiscovered.

At 夜明け the entrenchments were six feet high, and there was a 広大な／多数の／重要な burst of 解雇する／砲火／射撃 at them from the Lively, which was joined in a few moments by the other men-of-war and the 殴打／砲列s on Copp's Hill, on the Boston shore.

The strange 雷鳴 of the cannonade brought 前へ／外へ every man, woman, and child in Boston. Out of their prim houses they 急ぐd under trellises 激しい with damask roses and honeysuckle, and soon every belfry and tower, house-最高の，を越す and hill-最高の，を越す, was （人が）群がるd with them. There the most of them stayed till the thrilling play in which they had so 決定的な an 利益／興味 was 制定するd.

一方／合間 Prescott, to 奮起させる his raw men with 信用／信任, 機動力のある the parapet of the redoubt they had raised, and deliberately sauntered around it, making jocular speeches, until the men 元気づけるd each 大砲-ball as it （機の）カム.

Gage, looking through his field-glasses from the other shore, 示すd the tall 人物／姿／数字 with the three-cornered hat and the banyan—a linen blouse—buckled about the waist, and asked of 議員 Willard, who stood 近づく him—

"Who is the person who appears to 命令（する）?"

"That is my brother-in-法律, 陸軍大佐 Prescott."

"Will he fight?"

"Yes, sir; he is an old 兵士, and will fight as long as a 減少（する） of 血 remains in his veins."

"The 作品 must be carried," said Gage.

Gage was 堅固に advised by his generals to land a 軍隊 at the Neck and attack the Americans in the 後部. It was also 示唆するd that they might be 砲撃するd by the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い from the Mystic and the Charles, and, indeed, might be 餓死するd out without any fighting at all. But 非，不，無 of this ふさわしい the warlike British temper; the whole army longed to fight—to chase the impudent enemy out of those entrenchments he had so insolently 後部d. The challenge was a bold one; it must be 受託するd. The British had the 負わせる in all ways, but they also had the preposterous arrogance of the British army, which always みなすs itself invincible because it remembers its traditions, and traditions are 疑わしい and 妥当でない 武器s to 解雇する／砲火／射撃 at a 敵.

At noon the 選挙立会人s on the house-最高の，を越すs saw the lines of smart grenadiers and light infantry 乗る，着手する in 船s under 命令（する） of General Howe, who had with him 准將-General Pigot and some of the most distinguished officers in Boston. They landed at the south-western point of the 半島.

When the 知能 that the British 軍隊／機動隊s had landed reached Cambridge it 原因（となる）d 広大な／多数の／重要な excitement. A letter of Captain Chester reads:

"Just after dinner on the 17th ult. I was walking out from my lodgings, やめる 静める and composed, and all at once the 派手に宣伝するs （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域 to 武器, and bells rang, and a 広大な／多数の／重要な noise in Cambridge. Captain Putnam （機の）カム by on 十分な gallop. 'What is the 事柄?' says I. 'Have you not heard?' 'No.' 'Why, the 正規の／正選手s are 上陸 at Charlestown,' says he, 'and father says you must all 会合，会う and march すぐに to （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕 Hill to …に反対する the enemy.' I waited not, but ran and got my 武器 and 弾薬／武器, and 急いでd to my company (who were in the church for 兵舎), and 設立する them nearly ready to march. We soon marched, with our frocks and trousers on over our other 着せる／賦与するs (for our company is in uniform wholly blue, turned up with red), for we were loath to expose ourselves by our dress; and 負かす／撃墜する we marched."

After a 偵察, Howe sent 支援する to Gage for 増強s, and remained passive until they （機の）カム.

一方／合間, there were bitter murmurings の中で the 軍隊／機動隊s on 産む／飼育する's Hill. They had watched the brilliant 野外劇／豪華な行列,—the crossing over of their adversaries, scarlet-覆う？, with glittering 器具／備品s, with formidable guns in their train,—and were conscious of 存在 themselves exhausted from the night's 労働 and the hot morning sun. It was two o'clock, and they had had 事実上 nothing to eat that day. の中で themselves they （刑事）被告 their officers of treachery. It seemed incredible that after doing all the hard work they should be 推定する／予想するd to do the fighting as 井戸／弁護士席. Loud huzzas arose from their lips, however,—these cross and hungry Yankees,—when Doctor—or General—Joseph 過密な住居 appeared の中で them with Seth Pomeroy.

Few men had risen to a higher degree of 全世界の／万国共通の love and 信用／信任 in the hearts of the Massachusetts people than 過密な住居. He had been active in every 愛国的な movement. The 会議s through which the 機械／機構 of the 革命 was put in 動議 借りがあるd much to him. He was 大統領，／社長 of the 委員会 of Safety, and probably had been one of the Indians of the Boston Tea Party. But a few days before he had been 任命するd major-general. In 承認 of this, イスラエル Putnam, who was keeping a squad of men working at entrenchments on （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕 Hill, had 申し込む／申し出d to take orders from him. But 過密な住居 辞退するd, and asked where he might go to be of the greatest service. "Where will the onset be most furious?" he asked, and Putnam sent him to the redoubt. There Prescott also 申し込む／申し出d him the 長，指導者 命令（する）, but 過密な住居 replied, "I （機の）カム as a volunteer with my musket to serve under you, and shall be happy to learn from a 兵士 of your experience."

At three o'clock the redoubt was in good working order. About eight yards square, its strongest 味方する, the 前線, 直面するd the settled part of Charlestown and 保護するd the south 味方する of the hill. The east 味方する 命令（する）d a field; the north 味方する had an open passage—way; to the left 延長するd a breastwork for about two hundred yards.

By three o'clock some 増強s for General Howe had arrived, so that he now had over three thousand men. Just before 活動／戦闘 he 演説（する）／住所d the officers around him as follows:

"Gentlemen, I am very happy in having the honour of 命令（する）ing so 罰金 a 団体／死体 of men. I do not in the least 疑問 that you will behave like Englishmen and as becomes good 兵士s. If the enemy will not come out from their entrenchments, we must 運動 them out at all events; さもなければ the town of Boston will be 始める，決める on 解雇する／砲火／射撃 by them. I shall not 願望（する） one of you to go a step さらに先に than where I go myself at your 長，率いる. Remember, gentlemen, we have no 頼みの綱 to any 資源s if we lose Boston but to go on board our ships, which will be very disagreeable to us all."

From the movements of the British, they seemed ーするつもりであるing to turn the American left and surround the redoubt. To 妨げる this, Prescott sent 負かす／撃墜する the 大砲 with two field-pieces—he had only four altogether—and the Connecticut 軍隊／機動隊s under Captain Knowlton. Putnam met them as they 近づくd the Mystic, shouting—

"Man the rail 盗品故買者, for the enemy is 側面に位置するing of us 急速な／放蕩な!"

This rail 盗品故買者, half of which was 石／投石する, reached from the shore of the Mystic to within 200 yards of the breastworks. It was not high, but Putnam had said:

"If you can 保護物，者 a Yankee's 向こうずねs he's not afraid of anything. His 長，率いる he does not think of."

Captain Knowlton, joined by 陸軍大佐s Stark and Reid and their 連隊s, made another 平行の 盗品故買者 a short distance in 前線 of this, filling in the space between with new-mown hay from the fields.

A 広大な／多数の／重要な cannonade was 雷鳴ing from ships and 殴打／砲列s to cover Howe's 前進する. His 軍隊／機動隊s, now 増加するd to three thousand, （機の）カム on in two 分割s: the 左翼, under Pigot, に向かって the breastwork and redoubt; the 権利, led by Howe, to 嵐／襲撃する the rail 盗品故買者. The 大砲 moved ひどく through the miry low ground, and the embarrassing 発見 was made that there were only twelve-続けざまに猛撃する balls for six-pounders. H 借りがある decided to 負担 them with grape. The 軍隊／機動隊s were 妨げるd by a number of 盗品故買者s, 同様に as the 厚い, tall grass. Their knapsacks were extraordinarily 激しい, and they felt the 力／強力にする of the scorching sun.

Inside the redoubt the Americans waited for them, Prescott 保証するing his men that the redcoats would never reach the redoubt if they obeyed him and reserved their 解雇する／砲火／射撃 until he gave the word. As the 強襲，強姦ing 軍隊 drew temptingly 近づく, the American officers only 抑制するd their men from 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing by 開始するing the parapet and kicking up their guns.

But at last the word was given—the stream of 解雇する／砲火／射撃 broke out all along the line. They were wonderful marksmen. The magnificent 正規の／正選手s were staggered, but they returned the 解雇する／砲火／射撃. They could make no 前進 against the murderous ボレーs flashed in quick succession at them. The dead and 負傷させるd fell thickly. General Pigot ordered a 退却／保養地, while 広大な／多数の／重要な shouts of 勝利 arose from the Americans.

At the rail 盗品故買者 Putnam gave his last directions when Howe was 近づくing him:

"解雇する／砲火／射撃 low: 目的（とする） at the waistbands! Wait until you see the whites of their 注目する，もくろむs! 目的（とする） at the handsome coats! 選ぶ off the 指揮官s!"

The men 残り／休憩（する）d their guns on the rail 盗品故買者 to 解雇する／砲火／射撃. The officers were used as 的s—many of the handsome coats were laid low. So hot was the 歓迎会 they met that in a few moments Howe's men were 強いるd to 落ちる 支援する. One of them said afterwards, "It was the strongest 地位，任命する that was ever 占領するd by any 始める，決める of men."

There was wild exultation within the American lines, congratulation and 賞賛するs, for just fifteen minutes; and then Pigot and Howe led the attack again. But the second 撃退する was so much fiercer than the first that the British broke 階級s and ran 負かす／撃墜する hill, some of them getting into the boats.

"The dead," said Stark, "lay in 前線 of us as 厚い as sheep in a 倍の."

合間 Charlestown had been 始める，決める on 解雇する／砲火／射撃 by Howe's orders, and the spectacle was splendidly terrible to the 選挙立会人s in Boston. The 木造の buildings made a superb 炎, and through the smoke could be seen the British officers striking and pricking their men with their swords in the vain hope of 決起大会／結集させるing them, while 大砲, musketry, 衝突，墜落s of 落ちるing houses, and the yells of the 勝利者s filled up the 手段 of excitement to the 観客s.

Twice, now, the Americans had met the 敵 and 証明するd that he was not invincible. The women in Boston thought the last 敗北・負かす final—that their men-folk had 伸び（る）d the day. But Prescott knew better; he was sure that they would come again, and sure that he could not withstand a third attack.

If at this juncture strong 増強s and 供給（する）s of 弾薬／武器 had reached him, he might 井戸／弁護士席 have held his own. But such companies as had been sent on would come no さらに先に than （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕 Hill, in spite of イスラエル Putnam's 脅しs and entreaties. There they straggled about under hay-cocks and apple-trees, demoralised by the sights and sounds of 戦う／戦い, with no authorised leader who could 軍隊 them to the 前線.

As for their 指揮官-in-長，指導者, 区, he would not 動かす from his house all day, and kept the main 団体／死体 of his 軍隊s at Cambridge.

When General Clinton saw the 大勝する of his countrymen from the Boston shore, he 列／漕ぐ／騒動d over in 広大な／多数の／重要な haste. With his 援助, and the 罰金 discipline which 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd, the 軍隊／機動隊s were re-formed within half an hour. Clinton also 提案するd a new 計画（する） of 強襲，強姦. Accordingly, instead of diffusing their 軍隊s across the whole American 前線, the 長，指導者 attack was directed on the redoubt. The 大砲 砲撃するd the breastwork, and only a small number moved against the rail 盗品故買者.

"Fight! 征服する／打ち勝つ or die!" was the watchword that passed from mouth to mouth as the tall, 命令（する）ing 人物／姿／数字 of Howe led on the third 強襲，強姦. To his 兵士s it was a desperate 投機・賭ける—they felt that they were going to 確かな death. But inside the redoubt few of the men had more than one 一連の会議、交渉／完成する of 弾薬／武器 left, though they shouted bravely:

"We are ready for the redcoats again!"

Again their first 解雇する／砲火／射撃 was furious and destructive, but although many of the enemy fell, the 残り／休憩（する） bounded 今後 without returning it. In a few minutes the columns of Pigot and Clinton had surrounded the redoubt on three 味方するs. The defenders of the breastwork had been driven by the 大砲 解雇する／砲火／射撃 into the redoubt, and balls （機の）カム whistling through the open passage.

The first 階級 of redcoats who climbed the parapet was 発射 負かす／撃墜する. Major Pitcairn met his death at this time while 元気づける on his men. But the Americans had come to the end of their 弾薬／武器, and they had not fifty 銃剣 の中で them, though these were made to do good service as the enemy （機の）カム 群れているing over the 塀で囲むs.

Pigot got up by the 援助（する） of a tree, and hundreds followed his lead. The Americans made stout 抵抗 in the 手渡す-to-手渡す struggle that followed, but there could be only one ending to it, and Prescott ordered a 退却／保養地. He was almost the last to leave, and only got away by skilfully parrying with his sword the bayonet thrusts of the 敵. His banyan was pierced in many places, but he escaped 損なわれない.

The men at the rail 盗品故買者 kept 会社／堅い until they saw the 軍隊s leaving the redoubt; they fell 支援する then, but in good order.

A 広大な／多数の／重要な ボレー was 解雇する／砲火／射撃d after the Americans. It was then that 過密な住居 fell, as he ぐずぐず残るd in the 後部—a loss that was passionately 嘆く／悼むd throughout New England.

During their disordered flight over the little 半島 the Americans lost more men than at any other time of the day, though their 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of killed and 負傷させるd only 量d to four hundred and forty-nine. The 激しい loss of the enemy—ten hundred and fifty-four men—had the 影響 of checking the 切望 of their 追跡; the Americans passed the Neck without その上の molestation.

General Howe had 持続するd his 評判 for solid courage, and his long white silk stockings were soaked in 血.

The speech of Count Vergennes, that "if it won two more such victories as （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕 Hill, there would be no more British Army in America," echoed the general 感情 in England and America as 井戸／弁護士席 as in フラン. So impressed were the British leaders with the indomitable 決意／決議 shown by the 地方のs in 防備を堅める／強化するing and defending so desperate a position as 産む／飼育する's Hill, that they made no 試みる／企てる to follow up their victory. General Gage 認める that the people of New England were not the despicable 群衆 they had いつかs been 代表するd.

の中で the Grand Army itself many recriminations and 法廷，裁判所s-戦争の followed the contest. But Washington soon 演習d it into order.

The most important thing to be remembered of （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕 Hill is its 影響 upon the 植民地s. The troubles with the mother country had been brewing a long time, but this was the first 決定的な struggle for 最高位. There was no 疑問 of the 堅い, soldierly 質s 陳列する，発揮するd by the 植民地のs; the thrill of pride that went through the country at the success of their 武器 welded together the scattered 植民地s and made a nation of them. The 革命 was an 遂行するd fact. "England," said Franklin, "has lost her 植民地s for ever."

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