(a) The 皇室の 栄冠を与える. (b) St Edward's 栄冠を与える.
(c) The Golden 刺激（する）s and （犯罪の）一味. (d)The Ampulla and Spoon.
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A 栄冠を与える of filigree work with bells, supposed to have belonged to Alfred, was in this 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）. If this 栄冠を与える was really that of Alfred it must have also been that used by St. Edward.
At the 復古／返還 a 委員会 was formed to order new Regalia; these were made by the 王室の goldsmith—Sir Henry Viner—and cost nearly ｣32,000. They were kept in the Tower and exposed to public 見解（をとる）; and soon after, Col. 血 and Parrot made their 悪名高い and 不成功の 試みる／企てる to steal the Regalia.
A 解雇する／砲火／射撃 in the 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Tower in 1841 put the Regalia in 危険，危なくする, and the precious jewels were 除去するd to a new treasure house 特に built. These Regalia consist of St. Edward's 栄冠を与える, the 皇室の 栄冠を与える, the Prince of むちの跡s' Coronet, the Queen Consort's 栄冠を与える and the Queen's Diadem, St. Edward's Staff, the Sceptre with the Cross, the Sceptre with the Dove, the Queen's Sceptre, the Ivory Sceptre, the Sceptre of Mary II, the Swords, the Bracelets and 刺激（する）s, the Ampulla and Spoon, with a salt-cellar, font and service of sacramental plate for use at 載冠（式）／即位（式）s.
The に引き続いて is a description of the articles that will be used for the 載冠（式）／即位（式） of George VI.
The most precious 反対する in the 古代の Regalia was the 栄冠を与える which was believed to have been worn by Edward the Confessor; since this was destroyed by the 共和国の／共和党のs, another, "to be called St. Edward's 栄冠を与える," was made by order of Charles II; this was 設立する to have been despoiled of jewels on the 即位 of William and Mary and was then richly reset with gems. This 栄冠を与える is 象徴的な of the 君主's （人命などを）奪う，主張する to the 王位 by 降下／家系 from St. Edward and of the link between the 古代の 王室の line of England and the 現在の British Empire.
The 皇室の 栄冠を与えるs of England were 変化させるd, splendid and 非常に／多数の, the earlier ones 存在 exquisite 作品 of art; perhaps the most superb example is that worn by Henry IV in his effigy at Canterbury Cathedral, a rich, elegant design of strawberry (or vine?) leaves, fleurs de lis and pearls; it is thought that this was the celebrated "Harry" 栄冠を与える, broken up and sold by Henry V. The 栄冠を与える of Edward VI was valued at nearly ｣400; Queen Mary I used three 特に made 栄冠を与えるs, Elizabeth had two; in one of the fleur de lis on the 栄冠を与える of Charles I was an engraving of the Virgin Mary. In a portrait of Charles I in the Museum, New York, is a 代表 of a の近くにd 栄冠を与える very 類似の to that worn by George V, also the orb and sceptre.
(a) The 皇室の 栄冠を与える. (b) St Edward's 栄冠を与える.
(c) The Golden 刺激（する）s and （犯罪の）一味. (d)The Ampulla and Spoon.
The two 皇室の 栄冠を与えるs made for Charles II were very rich and 高くつく／犠牲の大きい; they were several times altered for his 後継者s. An 完全に new 栄冠を与える was made for George IV in which were 始める，決める a ruby, said to have belonged to the 黒人／ボイコット Prince, and a sapphire that was unique for size and colour. This 栄冠を与える, valued at ｣150,000, was the work of Messrs. Rundell and 橋（渡しをする）; it was too 激しい for the King to wear long, and a light 栄冠を与える, broken up soon after, was worn by His Majesty during the 明言する／公表する 祝宴. The same jewellers made Queen Victoria's 栄冠を与える; it has, with alterations, been used by her 後継者s; it is an 皇室の 栄冠を与える, arched, surmounted by a cross and 始める，決める over a cap of velvet with an ermine 国境; the open 栄冠を与える was the 調印する of an elected 君主. The 皇室の 栄冠を与える of India was made for George V.
This is placed in the 君主's 権利 手渡す; it is of gold 花冠d with jewels in the design of the rose, the shamrock and the thistle. At the 最高の，を越す is an amethyst in the form of a globe encircled with diamonds and surmounted by a cross patt馥 of jewels.
This is of gold with a fillet of diamonds on the 軸, a 塚 (globe) on 最高の，を越す with a cross and Dove (for the 宗教上の Ghost) enamelled white.
This, borne in 前線 of the 君主, is of gold, with a steel foot, and a globe and cross at the 最高の，を越す.
The 大型船 that 持つ／拘留するs the anointing oil; it is of gold in 形態／調整 of an eagle. The 長，率いる screws off, the oil goes into the neck, then is 注ぐd into the spoon through the beak. This ampulla is very 古代の and is thought to be with the spoon the part of the 初めの Regalia that escaped the attention of the 連邦／共和国.
This is also believed to be the 初めの spoon; it is at least very old; of silver gilt with pearls and worn thin with age.
This is placed first in the 君主's 権利 手渡す; then, when he takes the sceptre, it is placed in his left 手渡す. It is a golden ball with a fillet of precious 石／投石するs; surmounted by a cross on a jewelled foot. This 塚 ("monde" world) was copied by the Saxon Kings from the orb of the Emperors of Rome or the Emperors of the East. The symbolism is Temporal 力／強力にする.
Curtana (from curtus, Lat. short—削減（する） short) is the blunt sword of Mercy; the 初めの Curtana belonged to St. Edward the Confessor. The Sword of 明言する／公表する is two-手渡すd and has the 王室の badges on the scabbard; with this sword the 君主 is girt. The Sword of 司法（官） to the Spirituality is わずかに obtuse at the point.
The Sword of 司法（官） to the Temporality is sharp pointed. All these swords are sumptuously embellished with gems and have rich scabbards.
These are of gold, 辛勝する／優位d with pearls and hinged to clasp on the 武器; these armillae are a very 古代の symbol of 王族; they are について言及するd in the Bible.
An emblem of knighthood; they are "prick 刺激（する）s" without rowels, of gold, with 罰金 ひもで縛るs 追加するd by George IV; the 刺激（する）s themselves were made for Charles II.
"The wedding （犯罪の）一味 of England," emblematic of the union of King and country, 初めは plain gold, 始める，決める with a large ruby; the legend is that this （犯罪の）一味 was given as alms to two 巡礼者s by St. Edward; afterwards, when they were in the 宗教上の Land, the palmers met St. John the Evangelist who bade them take the （犯罪の）一味 支援する to the Confessor; this they did, and it was kept at his 神社 ever afterwards.
Another story is that this （犯罪の）一味 was sent by Mary, Queen of Scots, before her 死刑執行, to her son James (who became James VI of Scotland and James I of England). It was afterwards given on the scaffold by Charles I to Bishop Juxon for Charles II. It was の中で the 遺物s of the last of the 王室の Stewarts, 枢機けい／主要な York, and 結局 bought by George IV. The 現在の （犯罪の）一味 is formed of rubies, a sapphire and diamonds.
The magnificent Regalia of Scotland are kept in Edinburgh 城; they were last used when Charles II was 栄冠を与えるd at Scone, January 1st, 1661.
The British 載冠（式）／即位（式） 式服s, like those of all Western 君主s, follow the design of those worn by the Emperors of the 宗教上の Roman Empire. They 似ている the 皇室の 王室の 式服s of Byzantium, the Eastern Empire. Charlemagne was 栄冠を与えるd by Leo II in Rome, A.D. 799, and the 式服s that he is supposed to have worn on this occasion were the models for all その後の 皇室の vestments. Charlemagne, however, never wore the gorgeous 皇室の 衣料品s with which he is 描写するd in so many pictures and statues. He wore but a simple mantle and tunic. When his tomb in Aix-la-Chapelle was opened in 1165, Charlemagne was 設立する, the story goes, seated on a 王位, wearing the 皇室の 式服s, with the Bible on his 膝; and the 詳細（に述べる）s of his attire were carefully 公式文書，認めるd and copied.
The 王室の 式服s of England were 変化させるd in colour and 詳細（に述べる） by different 君主s and によれば the fashions of さまざまな periods, but the main 衣料品s have remained 伝統的な, these are:
The Dalmatica, a 膝-length undergarment with long sleeves, usually violet coloured and embroidered with gems. The 指名する is from Dalmatia, where this 衣料品 was supposed to have 起こる／始まるd.
The Alba, 指名するd from its white colour; a silk surplice with pointed sleeves, worn over the Dalmatica and tied with gold cords at the neck.
The Stola, a （土地などの）細長い一片 of violet silk studded with gems, with tasselled ends, worn 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the neck and crossed over the breast. No special meaning—from a Greek word—to 用意する.
The Pallium or mantle. 削減（する） like a cape, the half of a circle of velvet lined with silk or fur, with a clasp at the neck and jewel braidings. The 古代の 皇室の way of wearing this 衣料品, that reached to the feet, was with one straight 辛勝する／優位 on the left shoulder, then placed 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the neck and pinned on the 権利 shoulder. The 皇室の vestments 含むd gloves knitted in purple silk with precious 石／投石するs, stockings of red silk, purple shoes or sandals, and two (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述する girdles of silk and gold. The Saxon Kings used purple colour for their 載冠（式）／即位（式） 式服s; that of Henry III was of "the best purple samite, embroidered with three little ヒョウs in 前線 and three behind." When the tomb of Edward I in Westminster Abbey was opened in 1774, the King was 設立する wearing his 王室の 式服s of 伝統的な form, dalmatic, tunic and stole; these were of red silk damask.
The tunic is the shirt; tunica means undergarment.
The picture of the child King Richard II in the Liber Regalis shows his 式服 as gold with pink and blue flowers; in the 同時代の account of the 栄冠を与えるing of Henry VII, minever fur and ermine are について言及するd as lining the purple velvet 式服s of 明言する／公表する. Minever is little vair, from old and it may have been ermine and sable; ermine is now 一般に used in place of minever.
Mary and Elizabeth wore crimson and purple mantles with ermine and minever. A 完全に new 始める，決める of regal vestments was made for Charles II; those sold by the 連邦／共和国 were valued at ｣4 1Os. 6d.; it seems probable that the more 価値のある 部分 of the 王室の wardrobe had been sold by Charles I.
William IV in His 載冠（式）／即位（式） 式服s, 1831
This was made to the order of Edward I, to 融通する the "宗教上の 石／投石する" beneath the seat; the 石／投石する was an 申し込む／申し出ing from the King at the 神社 of Edward the Confessor; the 議長，司会を務める is of 支持を得ようと努めるd and cost, with the lions and step, about eight 続けざまに猛撃するs; on the occasion of 載冠（式）／即位（式）s it is covered with brocade or damask; the 現在の lions are modern. The famous 石／投石する of Scone, the "石／投石する of 運命," the 焦点（を合わせる） of so many legends is of red sandstone, probably from a Dundee quarry.
All the 君主s of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain since Edward I have been consecrated on this 議長，司会を務める, save Mary I, who had, によれば tradition, a 議長，司会を務める 特に blessed sent from Rome.
This used to be a very popular feature of the 載冠（式）／即位（式） festivities; it proceeded from the Tower, the 王室の 住居, to the Abbey, then 支援する again. It was discontinued by James II and never 生き返らせるd; but George IV 式服d in Westminster Hall and there was a short 行列 to the Abbey.
The earlier 行列s, 顕著に that of Richard II, were 高くつく／犠牲の大きい and (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述する 野外劇／豪華な行列s; the streets 存在 sumptuously decorated and （人が）群がるd with 観客s. From 早期に times it has been customary to 築く stands along the 王室の 大勝する and to 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 for seats thereon; the prices 変化させるd from about one farthing for Edward I to thirty shillings for Queen Victoria.
This usually took place in Westminster Hall and was a very magnificent 事件／事情／状勢; the 郡保安官s of the different 郡s used to 与える／捧げる meat and fowls to the feast. The 入ること／参加（者） of the 支持する／優勝者 was the 広大な／多数の／重要な feature of the 祝宴, the fare was 高くつく／犠牲の大きい and 変化させるd, served on gold plate. For the 祝宴 of Henry VI, the ingenious cook 用意が出来ている a red soup with white lions in it, a gold ヒョウ in a custard, chickens "砕くd with gilt lozenges," "fritters like the sun," and a haunch of venison inscribed Te Deum Laudamus.
When the 法廷，裁判所 had retired, the people were 許すd in to "緊急発進する" for the 残余s of the food; after the 祝宴 of George IV, the （人が）群がる broke in too soon, and "緊急発進するd away" the gold plate that the lackeys had not had time to 除去する; some of this was not 回復するd in the unseemly fight that followed. This was the last of the public 祝宴s.
The 載冠（式）／即位（式） of Richard II is the first occasion on which there is a 詳細（に述べる）d 記録，記録的な／記録する of the 法廷，裁判所 of （人命などを）奪う，主張するs that sits to decide the 長所s of the （人命などを）奪う，主張するs to 成し遂げる some service at the 載冠（式）／即位（式）, in return for honours or rewards.
This consists of three Kings-of-武器—Garter, Clarencieux and Norroy; of six 先触れ（する）s—Windsor, Chester, Lancaster, Somerset, York and Richmond; and four Pursuivants—紅 Croix, 紅 Dragon, Blue Mantle and Portcullis.
The 長，率いる of the College of 武器 is the Earl 保安官 of England. This office is hereditary in the family of the Duke of Norfolk; part of the 義務s of the College of 武器 is the direction of 王室の 儀式のs and 野外劇／豪華な行列s, so that the 手はず／準備 for the 載冠（式）／即位（式） come 直接／まっすぐに under the 裁判権 of the Earl 保安官. The gorgeous attire of the Kings-of-武器 is a 著名な feature of the 載冠（式）／即位（式）; they have 栄冠を与えるs of gold oak-leaves 始める，決める upright over caps of crimson satin, a tabard of the 王室の 武器 embroidered on velvet and collars of S.S. with two portcullises of silver gilt as badges of office. Garter 主要な／長／主犯 King-of-武器, who is the 長，指導者, has a crimson satin mantle and a white 棒 of office; he serves 特に the Most Noble Order of the Garter.
The other Kings-of-武器 are allotted to different parts of England: Clarencieux (指名するd after the Duke of Clarence) to the south of the Trent, and Norroy (North Roy—North King) to the north of the Trent.
For Scotland there is Lyon King-of-武器; for Ireland, Ulster King-of-武器; for むちの跡s, Bath King-of-武器.
The College of 武器 received their 借り切る／憲章 from Richard III.
The formal solemnity of a 載冠（式）／即位（式） is the occasion above all others when the impressive and 象徴的な pomp of 古代の heraldry is seen to greatest advantage; and 巨大な 労働 占領するing months of careful work devolves on the Earl 保安官 and the College of 武器 in the 準備 of this gorgeous 野外劇／豪華な行列, which must be perfect in every 詳細（に述べる） and worthy of the 集会 together of a 連邦／共和国 of nations.
For a Duke, eight gold strawberry leaves.
A Marquess, four gold strawberry leaves, four balls alternately.
An Earl, eight silver balls, raised on points, gold strawberry leaves between the points.
A Viscount, sixteen silver balls.
A Baron, six silver balls.
They are worn 一連の会議、交渉／完成する crimson velvet caps turned up with ermine.
The 式服s are of crimson velvet; the mantle has a cape, lined minever and "砕くd" with ermine; four 列／漕ぐ／騒動s for a Duke, three and a half 列／漕ぐ／騒動s for a Marquess, three 列／漕ぐ／騒動s for an Earl, two and a half 列／漕ぐ／騒動s for a Viscount, two 列／漕ぐ／騒動s for a Baron.
The 誓い is an integral part of the 載冠（式）／即位（式） 儀式; the Anglo-Saxons regarded it as a compact between King and people, and it still 保持するs that meaning.
St. Dunstan 治めるd an 誓い to Ethelred at Kingston in 978.
The 現在の 載冠（式）／即位（式） 誓い dates from the 即位 of William and Mary, 1689, and has been but little altered since; it is too long to be 引用するd here; the sum of it is the 君主's 請け負うing to 持続する the 法律s and "the Protestant 改革（する）d 宗教." The 誓い is written on vellum, 大（公）使館員d to a roll on which are 述べるd particulars of the 載冠（式）／即位（式） 儀式 and deposited の中で the 記録，記録的な／記録するs in the 法廷，裁判所 of Chancery. This collection of rolls, with the exception of those of Charles I and George III, is 完全にする from James I.
The 載冠（式）／即位（式） 式服s are arranged for convenience during the anointing. When this is done the Chrism—oil mixed with balm—is consecrated by a bishop. It is then 注ぐd from the ampulla into the spoon, then placed on the 君主's 長，率いる, breast and 武器. Since the oil was supposed to be of divine origin this was considered the most important part of the 儀式; "the Lord's anointed" was the most sacred 肩書を与える that could be given the King. The Chrism gave the gift of 傷をいやす／和解させるing and touched the kingship with divinity.
The English anointing 儀式の follows those of 古代の times; all 君主s were anointed; the 注ぐing of "a vial of oil" on the King's 長，率いる is について言及するd in the Bible, and the Hebrews are thought to have derived the custom from Egypt.
MANY of the British 載冠（式）／即位（式）s are associated with 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の or romantic 出来事/事件s やめる apart from the intrinsic splendour of the pageantry and the momentous solemnity of the 儀式の; the に引き続いて are a few of the most 劇の and 利益／興味ing.
When St. Dunstan 栄冠を与えるd Ethelred II, he said: "If you have 得るd the Kingdom through the death of your brother the sword shall not 出発／死 from your House till it has 削減（する） it off, and the 栄冠を与える shall pass to one of another race and language."
Ethelred had 得るd the 栄冠を与える by the 殺人 of his brother Edward, and the prophecy was, like most old prophecies, 実行するd—in the 設立 first of the Danish and then of the Norman Kings. Edward the Confessor was 栄冠を与えるd at Winchester, Harold, 栄冠を与えるd 1066 in St. Paul's, it is supposed, was 殺害された October 14th of the same year.
The 大司教s were 準備するing for the 載冠（式）／即位（式） of Edgar the Atheling when they heard that William the Norman was 前進するing on London, and believing the 原因（となる） of the English to be hopeless they made their submission to the 征服者／勝利者, whom, with 副s from London, they 急いでd to 会合，会う.
The 征服者／勝利者 chose Christmas Day for his 栄冠を与えるing; there were sounds of popular discontent from without the newly built church of St. Peter or Abbey of Westminster; the Norman soldiery 掴むd the 適切な時期 to lay wait to plunder the 隣人ing houses, and the King himself 急ぐd out with his drawn sword in his 手渡す.
The most hurried of 載冠（式）／即位（式）s was that of Henry I, who 棒 地位，任命する haste
to London after finding his brother William Rufus 殺人d in the New Forest
ーするために outdo Robert, the rightful 相続人, then in Normandy. This bold move
was successful; the 年上の brother was never able to make 前進 against the
anointed King.
A splendid 載冠（式）／即位（式） that took place in 劇の circumstances was that of Matilda, the daughter of Henry I, in Winchester Cathedral in 1141, after her 競争相手, Stephen, had been made 囚人, and in the 中央 of civil war. Matilda was de jure, at least, an 皇后 同様に as Queen of England. Lady of England and Normandy the 会議 at Winchester 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d her, and she had been 栄冠を与えるd at Mainz with her husband Henry V; this Matilda was the third of her 指名する—spelt also Maud, Mold, Asliz and Aethelic—to be Queen of England.
The gentle Consort of the 征服者／勝利者 was 栄冠を与えるd with him at Westminster (he had been already 栄冠を与えるd, but chose to 株 his elevation), and so was the first wife of Henry I, that Scottish Princess, grand-daughter of Edmund Ironside, who brought the 古代の 王室の British 血 to mingle with that of the Normans. Some historians think that the first 栄冠を与えるing of a queen consort with her husband was that of Eleanor, wife of Henry I, 1134. Henry II had his son, Prince Henry, twice 栄冠を与えるd as King; first at Westminster, 1170, then at Winchester, 1172, during his own lifetime ーするために 安全な・保証する the succession.
Henry II, we are told, was consecrated "several times," though by its nature this sacring can only take place once; he appeared at his 栄冠を与えるing in the Angevin mantle that gave him the 指名する of "short mantle."
Richard I was 栄冠を与えるd at Westminster, 1189, and again at Winchester on his return from 捕らわれた, ーするために efface the stain of 監禁，拘置.
The unfortunate John was 栄冠を与えるd on Ascension Day, 1199, and 辞退するd to communicate—an ill omen amply 実行するd. He was not the rightful 相続人 and seems to have considered himself an elected 君主. His son Henry III, after a 迅速な 栄冠を与えるing at Gloucester, 1216, was enthroned again in Westminster, 1220.
A year elapsed between the 即位 of Edward I and his 載冠（式）／即位（式）; at the time of his father's death he was in the 宗教上の Land on a Crusade. This Edward was 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d "the first King of the English," as not since the Conquest had the 君主 当局 of the King been recognised throughout the realm. This gorgeous 儀式の, of which there are 詳細（に述べる）d 記録，記録的な／記録するs, was carried out with 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の pomp on 19th August, 1274. The young King was a magnificent 兵士, a 罰金 政治家, an attractive personality and 極端に popular; he was 栄冠を与えるd by the 大司教 of Canterbury together with his Queen, Eleanor, a good and beautiful woman. There was a glittering 集会 of all the 広大な／多数の／重要な men of the realm, 含むing the King's two brothers-in-法律, Alexander, King of Scotland, and John, Duke of Brittany.
The festivities continued for a fortnight and the feast was of a magnificence that was spoken of for years afterwards; some of the 準備／条項s ordered 含むd 380 長，率いる of cattle, 430 sheep, 450 pigs, 18 wild boars, 279 flitches of bacon and nearly 20,000 fowls. 一時的な 木造の buildings were 築くd 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the fields of Westminster for the accommodation of the guests; the 狭くする, crooked, winding streets of London were hung with tapestries that dangled from balconies and windows. Conduits flowed with ワイン; those who could afford to do so threw handfuls of silver to the ありふれた people.
A touch of magnificence that was much admired was that, when the King was seated on his 王位, King Alexander of Scotland （機の）カム to do him homage with a hundred 機動力のある knights—"and when they had alighted off their horses, they let the horses go whither they would; they that could catch them had them for their own." Edmund, the King's brother, the Earl of Gloucester, the Earl of Pembroke and the Earl of Warrenne, each with a hundred knights in 出席, also let their horses go, and 許すd the steeds to run loose for the 観客s to catch.
This was the beginning of King Edward's active and splendid 統治する. 外交 同様に as a love of 陳列する，発揮する was behind these opulent shows; nothing put the people in such a good humour as these parades and this bountiful largess. They were often 許すd to enter the halls after the King and his peers had risen from the 祝宴 and "緊急発進する away" the 残余s of the food. Moreover, it was wise, in the days before the 発明 of printing or when it was difficult to spread abroad "news," to let as many people as possible see an historic event.
An example of this was the 劇の abdication of Richard II and the 栄冠を与えるing of Henry IV, 1399. Henry Bolingbroke was led by the 大司教 of Canterbury to the 王位 then raised in Westminster Hall and covered with cloth of gold. Richard II stepped 負かす／撃墜する from it after his 辞職 was read out, so that the 代表者／国会議員s of the people could 現実に see the King leave the 王位. Henry IV was 栄冠を与えるd in Westminster Abbey すぐに after.
Henry V was twice 栄冠を与えるd, as King of England 1413, and as King of フラン; his son was also 栄冠を与えるd twice as a child, at Westminster and at Notre Dame, Paris.
Edward IV, 1461, was anointed with 伝統的な splendour; and the superb 載冠（式）／即位（式） of Richard III, of which a 十分な account is extant, was remarkable for its extreme magnificence, and the King and Queen walked barefooted to the 神社 of St. Edward.
Henry VII was first 栄冠を与えるd on the 戦場 with the circlet 設立する in the baggage of Richard III, or, によれば tradition, taken from the boughs of a thorn bush, where it was supposed to be hanging. Richard would 明白に not have worn the 王室の 栄冠を与える into 戦う／戦い, but some coronet from his 舵輪／支配 may have been used. Henry Tudor was 栄冠を与えるd by 枢機けい／主要な Bourchier who had 成し遂げるd this service for two other kings, 1485.
The 載冠（式）／即位（式） of Henry VIII was an 極端に splendid 事件／事情／状勢 and filled everyone with delirious joy and excitement after the long economies and 淡褐色 dullness of his father's useful, but 厳格な，質素な 支配する. Henry VIII's 統治する saw the 栄冠を与えるing of two Queens—four of his wives were never 栄冠を与えるd.
Catherine of Aragon 株d her husband's splendid 載冠（式）／即位（式） of "boundless 支出," and that of Anne Boleyn was emotionally, sentimentally and 政治上 so important that it attracted a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of attention.
Anne Boleyn was not popular, first, because she was an upstart who had 追い出すd a 尊敬（する）・点d Queen, secondly, because she was believed to be a wanton woman who had been the King's mistress for several years; but the splendour of her 栄冠を与えるing attracted unwilling 賞賛.
巨大な sums were spent on the glorification of this daughter of a country squire; the tissue hangings of the Abbey were of pure gold, and the Queen was drawn in a gold-hung litter wearing the 栄冠を与える jewels scattered in her dark locks—"sitting in her hair" a 同時代の 述べるs her. The fascinating Anne was not accounted beautiful, but she had magnificent 黒人／ボイコット 注目する，もくろむs and tresses. Three years after her 栄冠を与えるing Anne 死なせる／死ぬd by the sword of the French executioner 特に sent to London to behead a Queen.
At the 載冠（式）／即位（式） of Edward VI the service was 縮めるd in consideration for a delicate child of ten years of age; Richard II, 栄冠を与えるd at about the same age, fainted from 疲労，（軍の）雑役; the Kings had to 急速な／放蕩な in 準備 for 宗教上の Communion. For the first time at the 取り付け・設備 of Edward VI a Bible was 現在のd to the 君主.
Mary I 回復するd, with anxious care, all the 詳細（に述べる）s of the 古代の ritual of the Roman カトリック教徒 Church. Queen Mary was 栄冠を与えるd by Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, as Cranmer, the 大司教, was a 囚人 in the Tower. Magnificent shows and pageantry celebrated the elevation of this Queen whose 統治する was to be so short, sad and sombre both for herself and for her 支配するs; she was the first of the two Queens regnant who were 栄冠を与えるd as unmarried women and the first woman 栄冠を与えるd in her own 権利 since Matilda.
The City of London excelled itself in loyal demonstrations on this occasion, の中で which was the に引き続いて curious 陳列する，発揮する. A Dutchman 指名するd Peter stood on the weathercock of St. Paul's Cathedral 持つ／拘留するing a streamer five yards in length and waving it; he いつかs stood on one foot and shook the other, and then ひさまづくd 負かす／撃墜する. The 観客s 高度に 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるd this 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の show. The Dutchman had two scaffolds beneath him, "one above the Cross having たいまつs and streamers on it, and one on the ball of the Cross, likewise 始める，決める with streamers and たいまつs, which could not 燃やす, the 勝利，勝つd was so 広大な／多数の／重要な." For this valiant and ingenious 陳列する，発揮する the Dutchman received from the City of London ｣16 13s., given him, as Holinshed says: "for his care and 苦痛s and all his stuff."
The 載冠（式）／即位（式） of Queen Elizabeth, 1559, was not as splendid as some of the other shows that she had during her long and sumptuous 統治する, but it was remarkable for the effusion of affection and 忠義 shown by the people. The date, January 15th, was chosen for her by her astrologer, Dr. Dee. The 大司教 of Canterbury 辞退するd to officiate and the Bishop of Carlisle 栄冠を与えるd the Queen, the streets were gravelled and laid with "blue cloth" for the 行列.
Elizabeth, Queen of England,
In the superb dress in which she went to St. Paul's
The 栄冠を与えるing of James, first of the House of Stewart to 統治する over the 部隊d Kingdom, was ーするつもりであるd to be 特に gorgeous and large sums were spent on 準備するing the pageantry, but the 疫病／悩ます broke out and therefore the people were forbidden to come to Westminster; にもかかわらず these 警戒s hundreds died during the week of the festivities.
Whenever a King's 統治する has been unfortunate it has been discovered afterwards that there were 暗い／優うつな portents at his 栄冠を与えるing. Thus in the 事例／患者 of Charles I it was remembered afterwards that, contrary to precedent, the King was 式服d in white during the 儀式 in the Abbey. When a few faithful servitors took his headless 団体／死体 to the 丸天井 at Windsor a 激しい snowstorm covered the modest 棺 with a white 棺／かげり, so that the wise men 発言／述べるd that "in white the unhappy King had come to his 王位 and in white he left it."
Charles I was 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d "the White King" or "dead man" during the Civil War; white was considered unlucky for England; it was a white 衣料品 that 犠牲者s, 用意が出来ている for sacrifice, wore in 早期に Britain, and for this and other obscure 推論する／理由s white was 避けるd. The 推論する／理由 given for the King's unlucky choice is curious; it is said that there was not enough crimson or violet velvet in London for the 式服s, nor time to send to Genoa for a 供給（する） of this 高くつく／犠牲の大きい 構成要素; and so in 直面する of tradition and popular feeling, white stuff, of which there was a plentiful 供給（する）, was 雇うd. Another account is that Charles had a personal wish to wear white; the 影響 with the jewels, crimson shirt and golden 栄冠を与える, must have been magnificent. Charles I was 栄冠を与えるd again at Scone, as King of Scotland; his Roman カトリック教徒 Queen, Henrietta Maria, 辞退するd to 参加する either 儀式—at both of which "many ill omens were 観察するd."
Charles II had an uneasy 載冠（式）／即位（式） at Scone in 1651; after nine years of 追放する he was 栄冠を与えるd at Westminster.
A touch of unearthly pomp was given to this 載冠（式）／即位（式） by a 雷雨 breaking over Westminster, so that, as Audley 発言／述べるd, "the 大砲s and the 雷鳴 played together."
The 載冠（式）／即位（式） of James II was the first to omit the 行列 from the Tower. The King was not popular, and the Londoners, 行方不明の their familiar 扱う／治療する, 不平（をいう）d loudly. Nor did this 載冠（式）／即位（式） 欠如（する） its ill-omens; the story went that the 栄冠を与える slipped off the King's 長，率いる すぐに after it had been placed there.
The next 載冠（式）／即位（式） was unique in 儀式の and 劇の in circumstances. Two 王位s and other Regalia had to be 供給するd, as Mary, daughter of James II, was a Queen regnant, not a Queen consort, and held equal 権利s with her husband, William III.
There was much that was unfortunate in this 二塁打 載冠（式）／即位（式）. The day, 11th of April, was Ash Wednesday, which gave offence to many purists; Sancroft, the 大司教 of Canterbury, 辞退するd to officiate, and in his stead was chosen Mary's own 知事, Compton, Bishop of London. It was he who drew up a 改訂するd and 修正するd form of the old 載冠（式）／即位（式） service that has been used ever since. In this form Compton changed the words, the undoubted King of the realm, for the rightful inheritor of the 栄冠を与える of this realm. The words in which the 載冠（式）／即位（式） 誓い were 治めるd were on this occasion 審議d long in the House of ありふれたs; here the 誓い "to 持続する the Protestant form of 宗教 as 設立するd by 法律" was introduced; so was the 儀式 of the 贈呈 of the Bible as an emblem of the Protestant 宗教.
The time of their 載冠（式）／即位（式） was one of the greatest vexations and difficulties for the new 君主s—Mary 特に was in an agitated, emotional 明言する／公表する, torn between her 忠義 and 激しい love for her husband and her 苦しめる at 占領するing her father's 王位. Her 同意ing to her 載冠（式）／即位（式） had indeed 原因（となる）d the greatest indignation to James, who wrote to her two days before the 儀式 説 he had been willing to make excuses for her considering that her obedience to her husband and 同意／服従 to the nation might account for her 行為／行う, but that her 栄冠を与えるing was in her own 力／強力にする, and if she did it while he and the Prince of むちの跡s were living, "the 悪口を言う／悪態s of an angry father would 落ちる on her 同様に as of a God who 命令（する）d obedience to parents."
News had recently come through that James II had landed in Ireland, and this in itself 追加するd to the Queen's terrible agitation. Her sister Anne 辞退するd to appear at the 儀式, 存在 拷問d by "pangs of 良心" as she 宣言するd; but her 活動／戦闘 was more likely 奮起させるd by spite.
William III
From the 絵 by Sir Peter Lely
Mary II
From the 絵 by William Wissing (1685)
Mary, who was intensely 宗教的な, 反対するd to the noise, excitement, gaiety and pageantry of the 載冠（式）／即位（式） 儀式 and composed a 祈り for her own use on this occasion. She did not wish to receive the Sacrament at the same time as the 栄冠を与える; she argued that there was so much pomp and vanity in all the 儀式s that little time was left for devotion.
The King and Queen went 分かれて to this remarkable 機能（する）／行事. William, soon after ten in the morning, travelled by 船 from Whitehall to Westminster Hall; Mary started three-４半期/4分の1s of an hour later in a sedan 議長，司会を務める. When they were seated in Westminster Hall they were 現在のd by the Keeper of the 栄冠を与える Jewels with the Sword of 明言する／公表する. There was some 延期する because the Duke of Norfolk, the Earl 保安官, had forgotten to 召喚する the Dean and 一時期／支部. When this difficulty was got over a 行列 started at one o'clock に向かって the Abbey; there were その上の 延期するs and it was not until four o'clock that the King and Queen, having 成し遂げるd their 私的な devotions, were ready for the 儀式 of the 載冠（式）／即位（式） to begin.
When the moment （機の）カム for William to make the customary 申し込む／申し出ing of the 続けざまに猛撃する of gold, the value of a roll of silk, it was 設立する that his purse had either been stolen on the way to the Abbey, which seemed ありそうもない, or he had forgotten it, and Lord Danby had to lend His Majesty twenty guineas. Gilbert Burnet preached a fanatical sermon, which lasted half an hour. When the long ritual was at length over the Treasurer threw about 載冠（式）／即位（式） メダルs, "for which everyone 緊急発進するd." The 儀式 結論するd with 宗教上の Communion; then the King and Queen, again 覆う？ in the purple velvet and ermine 式服s in which they had 始める，決める out, returned to Westminster Hall where a 広大な／多数の／重要な dinner was held with much pomp.
Here was another 半端物 出来事/事件—the Earl 保安官, 先行する the 入り口 of the first dishes with much parade, fell from his 脅すd horse. During the second course of the 祝宴 Sir Charles Dymoke, the 王室の 支持する／優勝者, entered on horseback and 申し込む／申し出d the challenge. Lady Russell commented that this 載冠（式）／即位（式） was "much finer and in better order than the last; though the numbers of ladies and attendants were より小数の, they looked more cheerful than they had done when …に出席するing on Mary of Modena." John Evelyn 公式文書，認めるd that "the feast was magnificent."
There was, however, an undignified quarrel between the Barons of the Cinque Ports and the Bishops as to the places they should have at the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する. The ありふれたs had two feasts and each of them received a gold 載冠（式）／即位（式） メダル 価値（がある） five-and-forty shillings. In the evening there was a 法廷，裁判所 at Whitehall; Lady Cavendish went to this 法廷，裁判所 to kiss the 手渡すs of the King and Queen: "There was a world of bonfires, and candles almost in every house, which looked 極端に pretty." This lady 公式文書，認めるd the beauty of the Queen: "She was really altogether very handsome; her 直面する is very agreeable and her 形態／調整 and 動議s 極端に graceful and 罰金. She is tall, but not so 罰金 as the last Queen. Her room was mighty 十分な of company, as you guess."
Anne was the only married woman to be 栄冠を与えるd by herself as Queen regnant. Her elevation was more of a 勝利 for the Marlboroughs than it was for Anne Stewart, who, ill, weak-minded and 拷問d by 良心, would without much 説得／派閥 have 辞職するd her 栄冠を与える to her brother, Prince James.
A strong element of 疑問 and 疑惑 clouded the 載冠（式）／即位（式） of George I. It was known that the Jacobites were raising a 反乱, and it was "touch and go" whether George Louis would be able to 持つ／拘留する a 王位 he did not want in a country where he was disliked.
There was much 疑惑, ill-will and 疑問 の中で the people who went to see the Elector of Hanover 栄冠を与えるd; only the ありふれた sense of the British middle-class and the 財政上の 利益／興味s of the City saved George his 栄冠を与える. An 追加するd gloom to this 儀式 was the fact that the King had no Queen, his 離婚d wife, Sophia Dorothea of Zell, then 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d Duchess of Ahlden, 存在 a 囚人 in Germany. She never （機の）カム to England, but her sad story was 井戸／弁護士席-known の中で her former husband's new 支配するs and not considered to his credit since he was believed to have ordered the 殺人 of Philip 出身の Koenigsmark, Sophia Dorothea's lover.
The 載冠（式）／即位（式） of George III, who was young, handsome and considered "a true-born Englishman," was a very popular event and the occasion of much rejoicing. Allan Ramsay's 載冠（式）／即位（式） portrait of this King is very attractive; the Regalia were sent to the painter's studio for this picture. The 載冠（式）／即位（式） took place after the wedding of the young 君主 with the Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. The Queen was plain, but of impeccable behaviour, and, at first, popular; she scrupulously wore 着せる／賦与するs and ornaments of British 製造（する）, but she tried to alter some of the English fashions and appeared at her 載冠（式）／即位（式） with her hair dressed low; this 原因（となる）d much comment, but "the ladies of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain continued to wear a high 'topee.'"
George IV took 巨大な personal 苦痛s to 確実にする the 正確 and splendour of his 載冠（式）／即位（式）, but this was marred by the 試みる／企てる of his repudiated Queen to enter the Abbey, by the 負わせる of the 栄冠を与える and by the disorders at the 祝宴.
The 載冠（式）／即位（式） of King George the Fourth, 1821
The 載冠（式）／即位（式） of William IV was modest, a mere 野外劇／豪華な行列, somewhat meanly 工夫するd.
That of Queen Victoria was remarkable for the 陳列する，発揮する of popular enthusiasm and 忠義 and for the richness and variety of the carefully arranged spectacle.
In 1877 Victoria was 布告するd 皇后 of India, therefore King Edward VII was the first King Emperor; George V was solemnly 就任するd into the 皇室の dignity at a superb 載冠（式）／即位（式） Durbar held at Delhi in 1911.
の中で the many remarkable 出来事/事件s told of foreign 載冠（式）／即位（式）s was that which occurred at the 載冠（式）／即位（式） of Marie de' Medici, when the repudiated wife of the King was 現在の together with his Queen. Henry had been 離婚d from Marguerite de Valois, daughter of Catherine de' Medici, who, though recognised as Queen of Navarre, had never been 栄冠を与えるd as Queen of フラン, and she 同意d to be 現在の at the 載冠（式）／即位（式） of his second wife Marie de' Medici, which took place with gorgeous pomp. Marguerite was one of the most beautiful, witty and 遂行するd Princesses of her age; she took her place at this 儀式 behind the King's sister. Her exquisite, wistful 直面する looking over her shoulder at the 観客s can be seen in the 抱擁する canvas in the Luxembourg, painted by Rubens to celebrate this sumptuous 載冠（式）／即位（式）. It was also remarkable for new fashions it introduced into フラン.
The young Italian Queen wore the Tuscan style—the Medici collar of lace supported with wire which rose behind the neck to the 高さ of nearly twelve インチs; even the luxurious Parisians were astonished at the magnificence 陳列する，発揮するd on this occasion—precious tissues, cloths of gold and silver, velvet and ermine, were the 構成要素s of which the dresses of the ladies who waited on the young Queen were composed.
The bold and warlike Henry of Navarre had always been himself most luxurious in his dress; for public occasions he had a superb 控訴 of cloth of gold embroidered or almost 全く covered with pearls which cost three hundred thousand 栄冠を与えるs; it was considered then that fifty 続けざまに猛撃するs' 負わせる of pearls was necessary to cover a man's dress. At his wedding with Marie de' Medici, Henry wore white satin embroidered with silk and gold, a 黒人／ボイコット cape and the little Italian toque that he had introduced into フラン out of compliment to his new wife. The King's mistress, Gabrielle d'Estr馥s, whom he would like to have seen 栄冠を与えるd, 誇るd a dress equal in splendour to that 陳列する，発揮するd by the Queen when she …に出席するd the 儀式 of a christening; it is said that the fair Gabrielle was so 負担d with diamonds and pearls that she was scarcely able to stand and that she had a handkerchief valued at nine hundred and fifty gold 栄冠を与えるs, ready money. Henry's dress at the 載冠（式）／即位（式） of his second Queen was of grey velvet 発射 with gold; he wore a grey taffeta hat and a white ostrich feather.
One of the most 劇の of 載冠（式）／即位（式）s was that of a dead woman, Inez de Castro, who was descended from the 王室の line of Castile and who married Pedro, son of Afonso IV, King of Portugal; she was 殺人d by order of her father-in-法律 at the Convent of St. Clara in Coimbra where she had taken 避難 with her children. When, seven years later, her husband （機の）カム to the 王位, he not only 遂行する／発効させるd all her 殺害者s, but had her 団体／死体 disinterred from her modest tomb, 展示（する）d in public the papal 文書s that gave 同意 to his marriage, and had the 十分な 載冠（式）／即位（式） 儀式の gone through with his dead wife on a 王位, with the diadem on her 長，率いる and the 王室の 式服s wrapped 一連の会議、交渉／完成する her; the nobility were 要求するd to kiss the hem of her 衣料品. This dead Queen's 載冠（式）／即位（式） and funeral 行列 were one; she was carried with the greatest pomp and 儀式 to Alcoba軋, where a monument of white marble was 築くd, on which was placed her statue with the 王室の 栄冠を与える on her 長，率いる.
A country girl, Martha, 未亡人 of a Swedish foot 兵士, was 内密に married for many years to Peter the 広大な／多数の／重要な. But the year before his death he 発表するd that Catherine (as she became on 存在 received into the Greek Church) was his wife, and he 栄冠を与えるd her with his own 手渡すs. On his death she became 皇后 of All the Russias. She 支配するd with 広大な／多数の／重要な judgment and humanity until her death at the age of thirty-eight years.
CATHERINE II
The next 載冠（式）／即位（式） of an 皇后 of All the Russias was that of Catherine II, Sophia, daughter of the Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst. It took place under very different circumstances and after two 殺人s, that of the 皇后's husband and that of Ivan, the rightful 相続人 to the 王位.
The Tomb of Dom Pedro at Alcoba軋
The Tomb of Dona Inez at Alcoba軋
"非，不，無 but fools are irresolute," said Catherine, and her 載冠（式）／即位（式） 儀式 was of emphatic pomp and magnificence and adorned by that 炎 of Eastern splendour that the Greek Church had 相続するd from Byzantinism; the ロシアの 儀式s, for sheer opulence and pomp, outshone any Western splendour.
まっただ中に the glittering magnificence of the 載冠（式）／即位（式） of Peter the Second and that of the 皇后 Anne, a sad and curious personality was 目だつ, the 皇后 Eudocia, first wife of Peter I and mother of the wretched Alexis. Eudocia had been chosen from の中で a hundred fair daughters
Few more melancholy living 思い出の品s of "the pomps and vanities of this
wicked world" can ever have been 現在の at a 載冠（式）／即位（式） than this 皇后
who had spent all her 青年 and prime in dismal seclusion or まっただ中に the rigours
of a 刑務所，拘置所.
On a day in 中央の-June, 1837, a fair young girl appeared on a balcony overlooking the 中庭 of St. James's Palace, London. She wore a 黒人／ボイコット silk dress, a crape scarf over a white tippet and a small 黒人／ボイコット 半導体素子 bonnet, and as she listened to the shouts of the people she wept into her small cambric handkerchief; this childish 人物／姿／数字 was Princess Alexandria Victoria and the occasion was that of her 布告／宣言 as "Queen of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain and Ireland and all its Dependencies."
The 載冠（式）／即位（式） of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Queen was unique in many 尊敬（する）・点s, in the sex and 青年 of the 君主, in the 広大な／多数の／重要な spontaneous 爆発s of 忠義 に向かって the 王位—when the applauding people, in Lord Brougham's phrase, "took counsel with hope rather than experience"—and the unusual pomp of the 儀式の which 結論するd "with a gorgeous cavalcade from Buckingham Palace, up 憲法 Hill, along Piccadilly and 棺／かげり 商店街 to Westminster," where many thousands of Londoners had the 適切な時期 of seeing the young Queen, who went through the long 緊張する of the 疲労，（軍の）雑役ing 儀式 with a touching dignity and 誠実, thus happily 就任するing one of the longest, most remarkable 統治するs in any history.
THERE was always a 広大な／多数の／重要な 切望 shown in the 栄冠を与えるing of a child or an 幼児 as King or Queen ーするために 安全な・保証する his or her 権利s, for it was 早期に recognised that the awe in which a 君主 was held and the 忠義 with which he was regarded 大部分は depended on whether or not the 載冠（式）／即位（式） 儀式 had been 成し遂げるd. It was much easier to raise a 反乱 against a Pretender than against a 栄冠を与えるd King. For this 推論する／理由 even the youngest 幼児s, instead of waiting until they were of an age to understand the 義務s they were assuming and the 責任／義務s they were 受託するing, were 認める to the (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述する 儀式の of the 載冠（式）／即位（式） which made them the chosen leader of their people and God's 副／悪徳行為-gerent on earth.
The first boy King of England, 978, was 栄冠を与えるd under 暗い／優うつな circumstances. Elfreda had 原因（となる）d the rightful 相続人, Edward, to be stabbed to death at Corfe 城, that her own son Ethelred II, might be King. When St. Dunstan placed the 栄冠を与える on the boy's forehead he uttered over it: "Innocent 長，率いる"—before he 追加するd the 悪口を言う／悪態, that 借りがあるing to his mother's 罪，犯罪 the boy's 栄冠を与える should pass to one of another race and language.
The 載冠（式）／即位（式） of the next boy King of England, Henry III, was also sombre and troubled; he was 栄冠を与えるd when nine years old, a delicate 縮むing child with a curious paralysis in one eyelid which 原因（となる）d it to droop ひどく. This lad was one of our few Kings who were not 栄冠を与えるd at Westminster—London was then in the 手渡すs of the Barons and the child's 載冠（式）／即位（式） took place at Gloucester. The 王室の diadem was also in the 資本／首都 and the Bishop of Gloucester 得るd a plain gold hoop, probably off the helmet of some noble knight, that was あわてて beaten into a small size for the child's 長，率いる.
Edward VI was nine years old when 栄冠を与えるd, a delicate, precocious boy という評判の to be a finished Greek, Latin and French scholar, a lutanist and amateur 天文学者. A Princess to whom for a short time Edward VI was betrothed, Mary, Queen of Scotland, was 栄冠を与えるd as an 幼児 of a year old; she had been 布告するd soon after her birth, for her father had died of a broken heart it was said soon after the 敗北・負かす of the Scots by the English at Solway Moss. The 王室の child was held by 枢機けい／主要な Beaton during the 儀式, and the 栄冠を与える was passed over her 長，率いる. Mary was 栄冠を与えるd Queen of フラン at Rheims in 1559; all the ladies were in 嘆く／悼むing for Henry II, save herself.
The 栄冠を与える was held over the 君主's 長，率いる at the 栄冠を与えるing of Mary's son, James VI of Scotland who became James I of England. He was later 栄冠を与えるd at Stirling as an 幼児 of a year old during his mother's lifetime as a result of her 軍隊d abdication of the 王位. Here we have an instance of the importance 大（公）使館員d to the 儀式 of a 載冠（式）／即位（式）; as soon as the Scots Lords had 得るd Mary's 署名 to the 行為／法令／行動する of abdication, they had her young son 栄冠を与えるd—he was thereafter regarded by the 大多数 of the nation as the rightful King of Scotland.
James had the unusual experience of 存在 栄冠を与えるd twice, as an 幼児 at Stirling and as a middle-老年の man 栄冠を与えるd in Westminster Abbey as King of England.
The unhappy Caroline of Brunswick, wife of George IV, and her 支持者s 大（公）使館員d 巨大な importance to the 儀式の of the 載冠（式）／即位（式）; it was felt that the King's wife was not to be considered rightfully Queen until she had been 栄冠を与えるd. This good-natured, but indiscreet and 無謀な Princess, had been most unhappily married; her life was one long recital of misfortune. 砂漠d by her husband after the birth of her child, Princess Charlotte Augusta, in 1796, the Princess of むちの跡s as she was then—retired into 私的な life and lived at Shooter's Hill and Blackheath. When her husband became Regent in 1811, she was 否定するd 接近 to her child and given no status in the country.
Finally, as a means of getting rid of her, she was 許すd to travel abroad, and left England in 1813. When she heard of the death of her father-in-法律, George III, and of her husband's 即位, and that her 指名する had been omitted from the 明言する／公表する papers, she decided to come home and （人命などを）奪う，主張する her 権利 as Queen of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain. An 申し込む／申し出 of a handsome 解決／入植地 was sent her on 条件 of her living abroad and not （人命などを）奪う，主張するing the 肩書を与える of Queen. She continued on her way, however, 拒絶するing this 提案, and entered London in June, 1820.
The Queen and her 原因（となる） were very popular with the people. She was 可決する・採択するd by the 改革（する） Party; and William Cobbett became her personal friend and wrote the letters that she sent to the King in her 指名する, but that were, however, returned unanswered. A 法案 was 促進するd in the Lords for 離婚ing her, but abandoned from 恐れる of a 革命 after a most scandalous （危険などに）さらす of the King's and Queen's 私的な lives. It is really amazing that the dignity of the 栄冠を与える 生き残るd this ordeal and says much for the 尊敬（する）・点 with which George III had been able to 奮起させる his 支配するs that they 許容するd such 行為／行う on the part of his son and daughter-in-法律.
The wretched Queen's position remained miserably あいまいな. She was 否定するd a palace and any 外見 of 明言する／公表する; but, about a year after her arrival in England, 勧めるd on by enthusiastic and wrong-長，率いるd 支持者s, she decided to 軍隊 her way into the Abbey on the 載冠（式）／即位（式） day, July 29th, 1821. Without 明言する／公表する or pageantry, but with a noisy 禁止（する）d of 支持者s, who were joined by most of the London 暴徒 as she proceeded on her way, Queen Caroline endeavoured to enter the Abbey, and while the solemn 儀式の of placing the 栄冠を与える of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain on her husband's 長，率いる was taking place within, the Queen's party was 乱打するing upon the あわてて shut doors while the 暴徒 were throwing 石／投石するs at the windows and fighting the soldiery.
Queen Caroline of Brunswick
From the 絵 by Sir Thomas Lawrence
撃退するd from the doors of the Abbey and having 得るd nothing by her desperate 成果／努力, but その上の loss of dignity and another スキャンダル to the 栄冠を与える, the Queen and her motley 行列 turned and tried to enter Westminster Hall during the 祝宴. This festival, the last of its 肉親，親類d ever held, was interrupted by the 猛烈な／残忍な street fighting outside. At last the Queen retired, 撃退するd and exhausted. It is possible that, the 明言する／公表する of the country 存在 as it was, the question of Queen Caroline might have been a match to the tinder and have 原因（となる）d a 革命 had she not died heart-broken, the same year as that which saw her humiliation before Westminster Abbey. She was a woman of nearly sixty years of age who had long been in doubtful health and had 耐えるd a 一連の almost unexampled misfortunes and humiliations. She had shown little pride or dignity during her life, but directed that "Queen of England" should be placed on her tomb. When told she was dying, she uttered her own bitter epitaph: "It does not 事柄."
One of the most 劇の 載冠（式）／即位（式）s on 記録，記録的な／記録する was that of Charles VII of フラン at Rheims. The tremendous importance 大（公）使館員d to the 載冠（式）／即位（式） 儀式 in フラン is shown by the fact that it was Joan of Arc's divine 使節団 to see the King "栄冠を与えるd," that is, consecrated and anointed in Rheims Cathedral. The Saints whom Joan saw in her 見通し gave her the direct 命令（する） to relieve the city of Orleans and to 栄冠を与える the Dauphin; after she had, in a manner that seemed both to her countrymen and to the English miraculous, 遂行するd the first part of her 使節団 and relieved Orleans, "the sorceress", as the English 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d her, 急いでd to 小旅行するs where Charles the Dauphin was then in 住居 and 勧めるd him at once "to go to Rheims to be 栄冠を与えるd."
Charles hesitated and 勧めるd Joan first to 減ずる the fort of Patay that the English held under Talbot; this she did, and 伸び（る）d a victory in which the English general was taken 囚人 and 上向きs of two thousand English killed.
Again Joan 勧めるd the King to be 栄冠を与えるd; only in this way did she believe that he would become the symbol of the nation and of the Divine wish that フラン should be 解放するd from the enemy, and only by the actual 栄冠を与えるing of the King could she fulfil the 命令（する）s divinely laid upon her. Charles was 不振の, incredulous, fearful; but his counsellors and 兵士s, 奮起させるd to enthusiasm by the successes of the Maid, the 解雇する／砲火／射撃 and wonder of her presence, 説得するd the Dauphin to follow Joan's advice.
With her weak and starveling army the Maid attacked Troyes, which fell, and only three months after her 外見 at the 法廷，裁判所 of Charles she stood beside the altar in the 古代の Cathedral on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す consecrated to the sacred anointing of the Kings of フラン. This 儀式 遂行するd, to which she 大（公）使館員d much importance, Joan wished to return to her sheep-keeping, but was tragically dissuaded.
Joan thus 実行するd the prophecy that "フラン lost by a woman (Isabel of Bavaria) should be saved by a virgin from the frontiers of Lorraine." This 載冠（式）／即位（式） must have been the most remarkable ever to take place in the old city of Rheims.
St. Joan knelt before the King and exclaimed: "甘い King, now is consummated the good 楽しみ of God, who willed you should come to Rheims to receive your worthy 載冠（式）／即位（式）, その為に to show that you are truly King."
ジーンズ Fouquet's portrait of Charles VII, the hero of this remarkable scene, shows him to have been one of the plainest of a plain family, but he had some kingly 質s and was the father of a 広大な／多数の／重要な man, Louis XI, who did for フラン what St. Joan would have wished to see done.
This King also was triumphantly 栄冠を与えるd at Rheims; the French 君主国 was then at the beginning of its splendour and lustre and the sense of its "divinity" 熱心に felt; it had already 耐えるd the 強調する／ストレス and tumult of hundreds of years, from the Merovingian and Carolingian Kings to the Capetians and the House of Valois.
A Burgundian chronicler, Georges Chastellain, has left an 注目する，もくろむ-証言，証人／目撃する's account of the 栄冠を与えるing of Louis XI, one of the 製造者s of modern フラン. This 儀式 took place with 伝統的な splendour; for once the King went gorgeously in crimson and white satin with a velvet bonnet to the Cathedral. After the anointing in the 形態／調整 of a cross with the sacred oil, Louis was attired in a rose-coloured silk shirt, a habit of regal blue, then the azure 式服s ぱらぱら雨d with the golden lilies. Philip the Good, of Burgundy, his arch enemy, as first peer of フラン 栄冠を与えるd the King; when the diadem was placed on Louis' brows the silver trumpets sounded and the （人が）群がるs shouted: "Vive le roy! No?! No?!"
The High 集まり of 載冠（式）／即位（式） followed, then the 祝宴, for which the Duke of Burgundy lent the opulent gold and silver plate; Louis XI left Rheims the next day already 解決するd on the 破壊 of the dazzling Burgundian Prince who had held the 栄冠を与える over his own clever 長，率いる.
A 恐ろしい mock 載冠（式）／即位（式） was invented by the ingenuity of the cruel French Princess, Marguerite of Anjou, when she 原因（となる）d the Pretender to the 王位, Richard, Duke of York, to be beheaded and then had his 長，率いる 栄冠を与えるd with paper and 始める，決める on the rampart of his city, York, while her drunken soldiery did mock obeisance before the 恐ろしい トロフィー. It is possible that Marguerite was not wholly 責任がある this 乱暴／暴力を加える, but was 単に unable to 抑制する her 残虐な 信奉者s; but "la louve" seems to have been worthy of her 指名する.
The 長，率いる of the Yorkist Prince was afterwards sent to London still 栄冠を与えるd in mockery with paper spikes, and 申し込む／申し出d to the jibes of the populace; neither the city of York nor the family of the Duke ever forgave this atrocious 行為; it was probably 責任がある much of the fury with which the war of the Roses was subsequently 行為／行うd. The mock 載冠（式）／即位（式） was more resented by the Yorkists than the 殺人 of Rutland, the Duke's young son, or the 虐殺（する） of the 囚人s after the 戦う／戦い.
During the war of the Austrian succession, the 競争相手 claimants made strenuous 成果／努力s to be 栄冠を与えるd at Frankfort-on-the-Maine with the 古代の 儀式の of the Emperors of the West; and the French did 後継する in thus 栄冠を与えるing their Pretender, the son of the Elector of Bavaria, a 青年 of eighteen; but though he received with 十分な pomp all the insignia of 皇室の 階級 he never 統治するd, never 所有するd a rood of land, is scarcely a 指名する in history, and died soon after his 載冠（式）／即位（式）, obscure and neglected.
The successful claimant in this long and 高くつく／犠牲の大きい 論争 was Maria Theresa, daughter of the Emperor Charles VI, usually 定評のある as the finest 支配者 that the House of Habsburg has produced; yet though her （人命などを）奪う，主張する to 支配する alone was 認める by virtue of the Pragmatic 許可／制裁, and 保証（人）d by all the 力／強力にするs of Europe save the Bourbons, she 辞職するd her 皇室の 王位 first to her husband, Francis of Lorraine, with whom she was 深く，強烈に in love, then to her son, the Emperor Joseph, and both these Princes were 栄冠を与えるd with 十分な 儀式の at Frankfort-on-the-Maine; the glory of the Caesars was 単に 株d by the woman who might 正確に，正当に have （人命などを）奪う，主張するd it 完全に. The 皇后 remained, however, by sheer 軍隊 of character the 主要な／長／主犯 影響（力） in the 明言する／公表する, and this にもかかわらず the cares of a large family—sixteen children in twenty years—and the most ambitious 計画（する）s for the 進歩 of the House of Habsburg.
In amusing contrast to the almost fabulous splendours of the 皇室の 載冠（式）／即位（式）s was that of a very 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の personage, Theodore 出身の Neuhof, King of Corsica. This adventurer was a Westphalian nobleman, an eighteenth century 兵士 of fortune and a friend of John 法律, the Scottish financier; 出身の Neuhof made かなりの sums out of the South Sea 泡 and 法律's 計画／陰謀s for paper money.
Soon after this 詐欺 was 爆発するd 出身の Neuhof left Paris, and after wandering about Europe and engaging in several adventures, now obscure, arrived at Leghorn to hear that the 小島 of Corsica was endeavouring to throw off the 支配する of Genoa; 出身の Neuhof then 決定するd to make a throw for 主権，独立.
In ありふれた with some other bold spirits he got together money, 武器 and 弾薬／武器 and sailed for Corsica with a 控訴 of two officers, a 長官, a chaplain, a chamberlain, a 長，率いる cook, three maids and four lackeys. He landed in Corsica ten 大砲, above seven thousand guns, two thousand pairs of shoes, a large 量 of all sorts of 蓄える／店s, 同様に as sundry chests of gold and silver pieces.
The leaders of the Corsican 反乱 received him 温かく and 行為／行うd him at once to the Bishop's palace in Campo Loro, which was guarded by four hundred men and two 大砲. Thus 任命する／導入するd, 出身の Neuhof placed himself at the 長，率いる of the Corsican 反乱 and 宣言するd war against the 共和国 of Genoa. Soon afterwards, on April 15th, he was elected King of Corsica by a large popular "議会" consisting of all 階級s of Corsicans.
The 載冠（式）／即位（式） took place in an open field and consisted of a garland of leaves 存在 placed on Theodore's peruke that was composed, によれば an 半端物 fashion of the time, of 宙返り飛行s of grey velvet. For the 残り／休憩（する） His Majesty was dressed in a long scarlet wadded coat and carried a hat under his arm, a stick and a sword. Soon after this 儀式 King Theodore organised his 法廷，裁判所 and his 明言する／公表する and struck gold, silver and 巡査 coinage which 陳列する，発揮するd on the obverse his 破産した／（警察が）手入れする and on the 逆転する a 栄冠を与える and three palm trees; there was a Latin legend, together with the 武器 of the Neuhof family.
Though for a while successful, Theodore was soon 軍隊d to 飛行機で行く Corsica and the 残り／休憩（する） of his life is a 記録，記録的な／記録する of 悲惨; he ended by reaching London in 1749, having been led by the British 政府 to 推定する／予想する some help from them to 追放する the French from Corsica. They, however, ignored the penniless adventurer and the 製造業者s of 武器 and 軍需品s to whom he 借りがあるd money had him 逮捕（する）d for 負債. It is said that the unfortunate King, in an 試みる／企てる to 構内／化合物 with these creditors, received them in his Soho garret, enthroned on a broken 議長，司会を務める placed on a bed beneath a ragged tester to give himself a 外見 of 王族.
He passed several years in the 最大の 悲惨 in the King's （法廷の）裁判 刑務所，拘置所; then several people took compassion on him and Garrick had a play 成し遂げるd for his 利益. But in 1755, when the 行為／法令／行動する of 議会 was passed by which all insolvent debtors were 始める，決める at liberty, Neuhof was turned 流浪して to 餓死する. He made an 控訴，上告 in the public papers for charity and small sums were sent him, but when he died in 1756 he was buried by the Parish of St. Anne's, Soho. This unfortunate King was married to a daughter of Patrick Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan, and his wife, 栄誉（を受ける） de Burgh, afterwards became Duchess of Berwick. It was at the Spanish 法廷，裁判所 that Theodore met his wife, who, however, did not 株 his 半端物 載冠（式）／即位（式）, for he had long before spent her fortune and forsaken her person.
The 追放するd Princes of the House of Stewart, son and grandsons of James II, were never 栄冠を与えるd; and they 借りがあるd much of the 不確定 of their position to this fact. Had Prince Charles Edward been King de jure instead of Prince of むちの跡s de jure, in 1745-6, he would probably have been 栄冠を与えるd while he was 勝利を得た in Scotland and thus 追加するd 大いに to his prestige and 当局.
"Uncrowned Queens" are 非常に／多数の in history. The most powerful was probably Madame de Maintenon, the second wife of Louis XV, who 演習d a 広大な 影響（力） over her husband. Mrs. Fitzherbert was married to George IV by Protestant 儀式s that were recognised by her Church, that of Rome. の中で "Queens of the Left 手渡す" may be について言及するd the good and beautiful Agnes Sorel; the wicked and beautiful Barbara Palmer; Madame du Barry, the gambler's おとり who called Louis XIV "La フラン," and 扱う／治療するd him as her lackey; and the Duchess of Portsmouth, スパイ／執行官 of the Bourbons at the 法廷，裁判所 of Charles II. All these women had the magnificence and the 影響（力） of any wedded wife or 栄冠を与えるd Queen; 王室の consorts were often a ごくわずかの 量, scarcely noticed after the pomp of their 載冠（式）／即位（式）s.
の中で 著名な "pretenders" who were never 栄冠を与えるd was Henry V of フラン known as the Comte de Chambord, who died in 追放する にもかかわらず the heroic 成果／努力s of his mother, the Duchesse de Berri, to place him on the 王位 that was legitimately his; his 競争相手, the little Duke of Orleans, was taken to the 上院 during the 革命 of 1849, Louis Philippe, his grandfather, having abdicated in his favour; the child, led by his 未亡人d mother, was 布告するd by the 上院議員s as King of the French; at the same moment the 暴徒 broke in and まっただ中に shrieks of "負かす／撃墜する with the 君主国!" the 議会 あわてて emptied and the Duchess of Orleans and her son 退却／保養地d forever into 追放する. This one minute's 統治する may be considered the shortest on 記録，記録的な／記録する.
The last 載冠（式）／即位（式）s to take place in フラン were those of the Prince-大統領 Napoleon III as Emperor of the French, and that which すぐに afterwards followed, the 栄冠を与えるing of his beautiful wife, the 皇后 Eugenie; the two 儀式s were 成し遂げるd with ostentatious splendour, but 大部分は ignored by the old nobility of フラン. Through the Dukes of Alba and Berwick, Eugenie de Montijos was descended from Arabella Churchill and James II; no more elegant and exquisite creature ever wore a 栄冠を与える. The city of Paris 投票（する）d her as a 載冠（式）／即位（式） 現在の six hundred thousand フランs with which to buy a parure of diamonds, but the 皇后 充てるd the money to "the education and 維持／整備 of sixty working-class girls."
の中で the curiosities connected with 載冠（式）／即位（式）s may be について言及するd the 嘆く／悼むing 載冠（式）／即位（式） of Louis XIII who was 任命する／導入するd at Rheims, 1610, after the 殺人 of his father Henry IV. The child's 王室の 式服 was plain violet serge, he 棒 a white horse with purple trappings and all the 法廷，裁判所 wore 黒人／ボイコット. Another oddity was the 栄冠を与えるing of the Duke of Warwick as King of the 小島 of Wight, an 行為／法令／行動する 成し遂げるd by Henry VI with his own 手渡す.
After the 発見 of the Canaries, known then as the Fortunate 小島s, in 1344, Don Luis, son of the King of Castile, was 栄冠を与えるd as "King of the Fortunate 小島s" by ローマ法王 Clement VII at Avignon; Luis never saw his kingdom and his 肩書を与える remained 純粋に 名目上の.
Lambert Simnel was 栄冠を与えるd in Dublin with 予定 pomp with a diadem taken from a statue of the Virgin Mary; this impostor （人命などを）奪う，主張するd to be the Yorkist 相続人, son of Clarence, brother of Edward IV, and he took the 肩書を与える of Edward VI; he was 逮捕（する）d at Stoke-on-Trent, but 容赦d by Henry VII and sent to work in the 王室の kitchens.
Another adventurer, Cola di Rienzi, was 栄冠を与えるd with 広大な／多数の／重要な pomp in 1347 at Rome, with seven 栄冠を与えるs each of different design in precious metals to symbolise the seven gifts of the 宗教上の Ghost. Touches of comedy have not been wholly 欠如（する）ing at some 載冠（式）／即位（式）s and there is humour in the tale of the faithful hound belonging to Frederic IV of Denmark, who, 許すd into the church during the 載冠（式）／即位（式）, broke loose and tried to fell the Bishop who, so the beast thought, was trying to maltreat his master, "and stood ready to devour the Bishop at the first movement made to continue the 儀式."
Amusing too is the story of the Greek Emperor John Ducas Vataces, who, by careful attention to the 皇室の farms was able to 現在の his 皇后 with a 栄冠を与える of diamonds and pearls 購入（する）d with the 利益（をあげる）s made from selling eggs.
If we ちらりと見ること at the さまざまな places and cities connected with the solemnities of "the 栄冠を与えるing of the King," we shall find ourselves travelling in imagination, even if we take Europe only, to 広範囲にわたって scattered 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs in 広範囲にわたって different countries, each hallowed by long 協会 with the aspirations to grandeur, the pride and 力／強力にする of different peoples.
The earliest Kings who had any pretensions to be considered 君主s of the entire island of Britain were 栄冠を与えるd at Kingston-on-Thames upon a 石／投石する that, until lately, stood in the centre of the town.
It is known that Athelstan, grandson of Alfred the 広大な／多数の／重要な, was 栄冠を与えるd there as King of All Britain with 広大な／多数の／重要な festival and solemnity in the year of Our Lord 925. Athelstan's proper 肩書を与える was King of the West Saxons and Mercians, but he 誇るd to be King of all the English. He was buried in Malmesbury Abbey, far from the 残り／休憩（する）ing-place of his long line of 後継者s. This 広大な／多数の／重要な King 得るd the homage of the Welsh princes and broke the 力／強力にする of Scotland at the 戦う／戦い of Brunaburgh, so that it may be 正確に，正当に （人命などを）奪う，主張するd that he was indeed, as he 誇るd, King of All Britain.
His famous grandfather, Alfred, to whom is 予定 the germ of the idea of the まとまり of the Kingdom of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain, was hallowed at Rome by ローマ法王 Leo IV in 853 as King of English or West Saxons; the little King 存在 then five years old.
Within a hundred years of the 栄冠を与えるing of Athelstan, the Church or Abbey of St. Peter was 設立するd in Thorney Island also on the Thames and not many miles from Kingston, which must, from its 指名する, have then been a small village that 借りがあるd its entire fame to the 栄冠を与えるing of the King taking place there.
Rude 封鎖するs of 石／投石する were usually 雇うd by Celtic people for the elevation of their King; the legend 存在 they were the 石／投石するs on which Jacob had slept while he dreamt of the angels 上がるing into Heaven. The Irish 載冠（式）／即位（式） 石／投石する was placed at Tara, in the green hills in Meath, where you may still see the raths or furrows where the halls of the 古代の Irish Kings stood. This 石／投石する was supposed to utter a musical sound when the 君主 stepped on it; the idea of the 石／投石する was 明白に to elevate the King above his people and was the first 天然のまま idea of a 王位; the 就任の 議長，司会を務める that all 古代の peoples used for the 栄冠を与えるing of their 君主s appears to have been of 石／投石する; some antiquaries think that they may have been meteors, and, 落ちるing from Heaven, easily have acquired a miraculous character. But such as have 生き残るd, or of which there are 記録，記録的な／記録するs, seem to have been taken from quarries in the locality of the place where they were 始める，決める. Kingston-on-Thames takes its 指名する from the 王室の 石／投石する on which at least eight Anglo-Saxon 君主s were 栄冠を与えるd, 927-1016.
For nearly five centuries Winchester 論争d with London the honour of 存在 the 資本／首都 of England; it was first an 早期に 解決／入植地, then a Roman city 含む／封じ込めるing 寺s to Apollo and to Concord. It is （人命などを）奪う，主張するd that the first Christian Church was built there in A.D. 169. Alfred the 広大な／多数の／重要な was educated at Winchester and during a large 部分 of his glorious 統治する resided there. A rich and fantastic Saxon Church was built there and destroyed by the Normans, who raised on the 場所／位置 the superb Cathedral 完全にするd many years later by the magnificent 枢機けい／主要な Beaufort. The celebrated college was 設立するd by Wykeham in 1369. Several of the 早期に English Kings were 栄冠を与えるd at Winchester; the first 載冠（式）／即位（式） seems to have been that of Alfred in 871. The 後継するing Kings were 栄冠を与えるd at Kingston or Bath until 1041, when St. Edward was 栄冠を与えるd at Winchester.
Henry I 除去するd the 王室の treasure from Winchester in 1100; the "young King," Henry, son of Henry II, was twice 栄冠を与えるd, once at Winchester; and in that city Richard was 栄冠を与えるd again, after his return from 捕らわれた.
Henry III was called Henry of Winchester, but he was 栄冠を与えるd at Gloucester and Westminster. From this period Westminster, 特に built for the 目的 by Edward the Confessor, was the only place where Kings of England were 栄冠を与えるd. Winchester remained a superb city, with cathedral, 城 and college as priceless 遺物s of her 古代の splendour. At the time of the 設立するing of Westminster Abbey, the 場所／位置 of the city of Westminster was a large mash where the Thames divided into two 支店s; the piece of ground in the middle was called Thorney 小島 from the number of thorn trees and brambles that covered the higher levels of the 押し寄せる／沼地.
The story went that somewhere 早期に in the seventh century a venerable traveller asked two fishermen who were 列／漕ぐ／騒動ing in a rude skiff over the Thames to take him to the island. They did so, and when the stranger landed he 宣言するd himself to be St. Peter and that it was his wish that a church should be built in his honour on this ありそうもない 位置／汚点／見つけ出す. Therefore, the Saxon King, Ecgberht, 築くd a plain church to St. Peter on Thorney Island; this had small high-始める，決める windows and a tower; a Benedictine 修道院 was soon 大（公）使館員d to it and it became a Collegiate Church.
Higher up the river, 近づく where the 造幣局 afterwards stood, was another 修道院 called East Minster, so that the one on Thorney Island （機の）カム to be known as West Minster. When the Danes burnt London they partly destroyed the old church, but it was rebuilt by Edgar in 985, who re-roofed and patched up the 廃虚s of the 初めの building.
When Edward the Confessor was 追放するd in Normandy he 公約するd that if he should come to the 王位 of his father he would make a 巡礼の旅 to Rome, where were the tombs of the Apostles. But when he became King he 設立する that it was impossible to go to Rome, so he 妥協d by refounding the Abbey of Westminster. This building, which was undertaken on a grand 規模, was finished at Christmas, 1066; the Confessor held his 法廷，裁判所 in the palace that had been built 隣接するing the sacred building, and on 宗教上の Innocents' Day the church was 献身的な to St. Peter. In the first week of the new year the King was dead and buried in the 丸天井s of the 広大な／多数の／重要な church, that was 最終的に 完全に rebuilt by Henry III and Edward I.
This thirteenth century church was, however, never 完全にするd; a mighty central and two western towers were part of the 初めの design; the eastern end which had a number of chapels 一連の会議、交渉／完成する it was pulled 負かす／撃墜する by Henry VII when he 追加するd the incomparable chapel that still goes by his 指名する.
The 早期に Norman Kings were all, save Henry III and Matilda, 栄冠を与えるd at Westminster Abbey on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す where St. Peter told the fishermen to 設立する his church の中で the thorn trees and brambles.
The Abbot of Westminster was the custodian of the Regalia and 王室の 式服s and was ゆだねるd with all the 詳細（に述べる）s of the 載冠（式）／即位（式） 儀式; the Dean and 一時期／支部 of Westminster afterwards 後継するd to these 特権s and therefore （人命などを）奪う，主張する the 権利 to 教える the 君主 in the 載冠（式）／即位（式） 儀式s and to 補助装置 the 大主教 in the service together with several other honours and 義務s; their 料金s consisted of 式服s for themselves, the 床に打ち倒す-cloth of the church, the other furnishing of the Abbey on this occasion and many other rich perquisites. Westminster was for long divided by fields from London; the Abbey church, the palace 大（公）使館員d to it, the 権利 of 聖域, the hall in which the 議会 met and where 明言する／公表する 裁判，公判s were held, gave it a unique importance in England and English history. The 古代の college of the Benedictines 生き残るs in the famous school refounded by Queen Elizabeth and 据えるd in buildings 大（公）使館員d to the Abbey, some of which were the 寄宿舎s of the 修道士s.
Scone was the 古代の 王室の seat of Scotland. This town, on the left bank of the Tay in Perthshire, was 資本／首都 of Pictavia as 早期に as A.D. 710 and the 載冠（式）／即位（式） place of the Scottish Kings from 1153 to 1488. "The 石／投石する of 運命" was 除去するd by Edward I in 1296 and the last Scottish King to stand upon the 王位 to be acclaimed by his people was Alexander III, who was 任命する／導入するd in 1249 with all the old Celtic 儀式s.
It is 著名な that a King in 追放する, Prince James, the "old Pretender"—or James III によれば the Jacobites—was at Scone for three weeks in 1716; and his son, Prince Charles Edward, was there in 1745. Both these disinherited Princes, who made such gallant but hopeless 試みる／企てるs to 回復する their hereditary 王位, must have experienced poignant sensations at 存在 on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す where the 古代の Kings of Scotland had been 栄冠を与えるd with such solemn ritual.
The Kaiser-Dom at Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle)
The two Stewart Princes stayed in the palace of the Viscount Stormont, which was on the 場所／位置 of an old Augustinian Abbey destroyed by the Calvinistic 暴徒 in 1559.
An even older city than Scone is Rheims on the Vesle. This was the 資本／首都 of the Remi, and under its Latin 指名する is について言及するd by Julius Caesar. It was the scene of the baptism of Clovis I, the Frankish 征服者／勝利者, who laid the 創立／基礎s of modern フラン in 496; this gave it a peculiar importance in the history of Christianity and of the French people, and by the eighth century, when it became a bishopric, the city had acquired a quasi-sacred character. Philip Augustus, 広大な／多数の／重要な engineer and splendid 兵士, was 栄冠を与えるd at Rheims in 1179, and from then until the nineteenth century the only Kings of フラン not 栄冠を与えるd and sanctified at Rheims were Henry IV, Napoleon I and Louis XVIII.
The cathedral of Rheims, which had been the scene of so many 載冠（式）／即位（式）s, was 解雇（する）d in 1793 and the Sainte Ampoule, the 大型船 in the 形態／調整 of a dove that held the 宗教上の Oil—supposed to have been brought by a dove from Heaven for the sacring of Clovis—was 粉砕するd by a 暴徒; in 1830 the (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述する 儀式 of the 載冠（式）／即位（式） was 廃止するd. The cathedral, partly destroyed in the last European war and 回復するd with exquisite 技術, is one of the most splendid churches in the world. It was built between 1212 and 1380. St. Remy, who baptised and 栄冠を与えるd Clovis and who received the dove sent with the Chrism, also has a Romanesque church in Rheims; this city has always been famous for a 貿易（する） in ワイン and wool.
More 古代の still, going 支援する beyond Christian history, is the place that was for long the scene of the 載冠（式）／即位（式）s of the Kings of the Swedes, Goths and Vandals; this is Upsala in Sweden, which stands on a little stream that runs to Lake Malar. It was the last 要塞／本拠地 of heathenism in Europe. It is について言及するd in the old Viking sagas and is supposed to have been the abode of the earliest Viking kings who were 指名するd Ynglings, 子孫s of one of the gods—Yngvi.
In Upsala was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 寺 covered with gilding in which stood colossal statues of the three 広大な／多数の／重要な Gods—Thor, Odin, Fricco; every nine years a magnificent pagan festival was celebrated at Upsala, to which all the tribes of Scandinavia 与える／捧げるd; this heathen 寺 was standing in A.D. 1070. Human 存在s, even kings and chieftains, were いつかs sacrificed at Upsala to appease the gods; the 団体／死体s of these 犠牲者s were hung in a 広大な／多数の／重要な grove 近づく the 寺.
A historian, 令状ing in 1220, speaks of Upsala as 存在 "the King's Seat and the 大司教's See"—it was then called "the wealth of Upsala." From this famous 位置／汚点／見つけ出す the 法律 was given out, and it was known as "Upsala 法律." A Norwegian 大使館 went to Upsala in the 中央の-winter of 1018 to ask for the 手渡す of the daughter of the Swedish King for the King of Norway, who is 述べるd as seated on a 王位 in the open before the 寺, his 法廷，裁判所 about him in a circle. Many tumuli of these old Gothic kings have been 設立する at Old Upsala; the heathen gods were at last driven out, their 寺 破壊するd 負かす／撃墜する and a brick cathedral built at Upsala by 1589; a university was afterwards 設立するd and Gustavus Vasa built a 城 on this famous 位置／汚点／見つけ出す.
The Scandinavian Kings in the heroic age were 栄冠を与えるd at the funerals of their 前任者s at Upsala; we are in the fascinating realm of legend with Eric Lugersoll, the last heathen king in Sweden and a 著名な magician; he broke open the tomb of the Viking, Svenken, at Upsala and 設立する a gold tablet on which was three times nine 栄冠を与えるs on one 味方する and three times seven 栄冠を与えるs on the other; these symbolised all the Christian 君主s who were to 支配する over Scandinavia.
The Kings of Denmark are 栄冠を与えるd in the 王室の chapel of the 城 of Fredericsberg. The Danish Regalia 構成する 栄冠を与えるs of exquisite workmanship, in particular that of Christian IV; but the most famous emblems of Danish 主権，独立 are the celebrated three silver lions, which formed part of all the regal 儀式s in this country from 載冠（式）／即位（式）s to funerals.
Turning from the Celtic twilight of the far north to the sombre magnificence of the south, we come to Toledo on the north bank of the Tagus, for long the 資本／首都 of Spain and the place where the Kings were 栄冠を与えるd. The gates and towers of Toledo were built by King Wamba in the seventh century and 追加するd to and beautified by Alfonso VI in 1109. The cathedral is on the 場所／位置 of a イスラム教寺院 and was building from 1227 to 1493; it was long regarded as one of the most magnificent in the world. On the Zocodover, the 広大な／多数の／重要な square of Toledo, took place many 野外劇／豪華な行列s, from 燃やすing of 異端者s to bull-fights.
The Alcaz疵, an 古代の Moorish 要塞, was 大きくするd by the Kings of Spain and at one time 命令（する）d by the Cid, the famous hero of Spanish story; the city was その上の glorified by the 住居 of El Greco and by the 製造（する） of the most famous sword blades in the world and of 高くつく／犠牲の大きい gold and silver embroideries.
Toledo, once the city of the Goths, is in the very heart of Spain, and even in its hey-day seems to have been regarded by the foreigner as 暗い／優うつな, forbidding and sombre. Alfonso VII was one of the first Princes to 持つ／拘留する a 広大な／多数の／重要な Cortes at Toledo; it was …に出席するd by vassal princes, prelates and noblemen; the people were 許すd to be 現在の at this 会議, but only in the part of an admiring chorus—"to see, to hear, to pray to God." Toledo was the scene of the 監禁，拘置 of that unhappy Queen, Blanche of Castile, who was shut up by her husband in the Alcaz疵; also of the 大虐殺 by her husband, Pedro the Cruel, of all the noblemen who supported his half-brother Don Enrique.
Avila was the scene of an 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の Spanish 載冠（式）／即位（式）. In the year 1465 a 模造の 代表するing King Enrique was placed on a scaffold in the centre of the town, adorned with a 栄冠を与える, a sceptre and a sword. Then a 先触れ（する） rose and 宣言するd the King to be 奪うd of 王室の dignity, of the 行政 of 司法（官）, of the 政府 of the realm, of the 王位 and of the 肩書を与える of King. The 大司教 of Toledo and three noblemen 除去するd severally the 栄冠を与える, the sword, the sceptre and the effigy itself; this last was kicked from the 王位 and 投げ上げる／ボディチェックするd to the （人が）群がる, who savagely tore it to pieces. The young Prince Alfonso, the son of the King who had been thus strangely degraded, was then elevated to the 議長，司会を務める of 明言する／公表する on the scaffold and solemnly 栄冠を与えるd King by the 大司教.
Buda, that stands on the vine-覆う？ slopes of the left bank of the Danube, is on the 場所／位置 of a Roman 植民地, and in the thirteenth century was a German town called Old Buda. It was destroyed by the Mongols in 1247, but soon rebuilt; it was the 資本／首都 of Hungary from the middle of the twelfth century till its 逮捕（する） by the Turks in 1527. It was then 包囲するd half a dozen times by the 帝国主義のs and taken, after many feats of 武器 on both 味方するs, in 1686. Buda was called "the boss on the 保護物，者 of Europe," 借りがあるing to its 存在 the scene of this constant 戦争 with the Turks.
The citadel was the scene of the 載冠（式）／即位（式） of the 古代の Kings of Hungary, who were elevated in the chapel of St. Sigismund, where the Regalia of Hungary and the 手渡す of St. Stephen are still kept and regarded with the greatest reverence and awe. The Magyar 君主s, when they were 栄冠を与えるd, used to point with their swords to the four corners of the compass, making four several 誓いs to 保護する the frontiers of the Kingdom—east, west, south and north. The 栄冠を与える of St. Stephen consists of one of Byzantine design and one of Roman 形態／調整, joined together; it has a romantic history and was used for the 栄冠を与えるing of Stanislaus (1439) when, at four months of age he lay in the （競技場の）トラック一周 of his mother Elizabeth, who kept the sacred 栄冠を与える in her own 議会. A 反乱 軍隊ing the Queen to 飛行機で行く to Vienna, she took the 栄冠を与える with her sewn up in a velvet cushion. This 栄冠を与える was pawned and taken out of Hungary several times; it was 回復するd to the Magyars in 1784, but in 1849 Kossuth, the 独裁者 of Hungary, took it by 軍隊; he planned to send it to London, but the 栄冠を与える was discovered hidden in a field and finally 回復するd to Buda.
The Emperor Maximilian
From the 絵 by Peter Paul Reubens (1618)
The first Emperors of the West were 栄冠を与えるd at Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) in the Rhineland. This town first 現れるs from the obscurity of legend in the time of Charlemagne, who was buried in the 広大な／多数の／重要な church there in 814. He rebuilt the 皇室の Palace, his chapel was destroyed by the Normans and another 築くd by Otto III, 983. In 1165 Frederic Barbarossa, after 開始 the tomb of Charlemagne, had a 神社 made to 含む／封じ込める all the 遺物s of the mighty Emperor. Thirty-five Emperors and eleven 皇后s were 栄冠を与えるd in Aix-la-Chapelle and held their 祝宴s in the hall that was a hundred and two feet long and sixty feet wide in the Town hall—from Louis the Pious (813) to Ferdinand III (1637). Seventeen 皇室の 国会s and eleven 地方の 会議s also were held in this superb 議会; in the Middle Ages, Aix-la-Chapelle was a powerful 解放する／自由な city; on its detachment from the Empire its 皇室の 明言する／公表する 消えるd and the Emperors 中止するd to 持つ／拘留する their 明言する／公表する, and the 会議s and 国会s their 審議s and 選挙s there.
The Emperors of the West (or the 宗教上の Roman Emperors) should have been 栄冠を与えるd at Rome (caput mundi) by the ローマ法王. Their 肩書を与える really depended on this 儀式, but as the later Emperors were unable to make the 旅行 to Rome, and as Aix-la-Chapelle was lost, some of them (の中で them the 広大な／多数の／重要な Emperor Maximilian) were never 栄冠を与えるd at all, which gave their enemies the chance to call their 肩書を与えるs in question; Maximilian may be seen, however, in many portraits with the 完全にする 皇室の Regalia, wearing a gorgeous diadem.
It became the custom from 1711 for the Emperors to be 栄冠を与えるd at the old 解放する／自由な city of Frankfort-on-the-Maine, which was chosen also as the place of the 選挙 of the Emperors. In the Roemer or town-hall, an 利益／興味ing Gothic building of 1406, is the Kaisersaal where the Emperor held his 載冠（式）／即位（式） 祝宴. The 載冠（式）／即位（式） itself took place in the cathedral of St. Bartholomew, 築くd from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries; this also 含む／封じ込めるs the chapel where the electors 投票（する）d.
Frankfort-on-the-Maine was from 早期に times considered a most important city; Charlemagne 宣言するd it to be the 資本／首都 of the Eastern Frankish Kingdom. It was the first 解放する／自由な city of the German Empire in 1255, and as 早期に as 1356 had been selected by the Golden Bull of Charles IV as the place for the 国会 to sit. Frankfort was famous for its fairs, where the first printed 調書をとる／予約する was sold, and for the freedom it 申し込む／申し出d to the 迫害するd during periods of 宗教的な intolerance.
There is, perhaps, no place so remarkable for 載冠（式）／即位（式）s as the Kremlin in Moscow on the Moska. This Kremlin or citadel has eighteen towers and five gates. It 含む／封じ込めるs three cathedrals—that of the 仮定／引き受けること, that of the Annunciation and that of the Archangel—several other churches, 修道院s, four palaces, an 兵器庫, halls and libraries, together with many other buildings. The whole is decorated with Asiatic splendour, with gilded cupolas, fantastic carvings, and 内部のs 炎ing with mosaic, and with 野蛮な colours.
It was in the Cathedral of the 仮定／引き受けること that the Czars and the 主要都市のs of the Greek Church were consecrated. This cathedral was built between 1326 and 1496 and was regarded as the most sacred 位置／汚点／見つけ出す of the sacred Kremlin, the heart of the Empire. The city itself dates from the twelfth century; it was 解雇（する）d by the Mongols and refounded and 回復するd by Ivan III in the fifteenth century, who assumed the 肩書を与える of Czar of All the Russias.
Even after the 設立するing of St. Petersburg by Peter the 広大な／多数の／重要な, Moscow the 宗教上の was regarded by all true ロシアのs as the very soul of the country. Not even the 載冠（式）／即位（式）s of the Emperors of the West at Rome or of the Emperors of the East in Byzantium より勝るd in splendour that of the Czars of All the Russias that took place with Eastern pomp and Christian ritual in the Cathedral of the 仮定／引き受けること in this city within a city—the Kremlin in Moscow. All the 外交官／大使s received by the Czars of Muscovy were amazed at the splendour of the Kremlin, the "王位 of Solomon" with its roaring lions, the 皇室の 護衛 着せる／賦与するd in white and 武装した with silver hatchets.
A grim 載冠（式）／即位（式） was that of Nicolas in 1826; a 反乱 had broken out in the 資本／首都 and the Czar had 辛うじて escaped 暗殺; there were, in consequence, no festivities, a 統治する of terror 始める，決める in, and when the Emperor left the Cathedral of the 仮定／引き受けること, 式服d and 栄冠を与えるd, "his 直面する looked as hard as Siberian ice and the people were too 脅すd to 元気づける, they dropped on their 膝s, with their 直面するs in the dust."
Many of the places that we have 簡潔に considered will never again, it seems, see "the 栄冠を与えるing of the King." This fact makes even more impressive the 連続 of our own 王室の line and gives an 追加するd importance to the approaching 儀式の in Westminster Abbey, when the King Emperor will receive his diadem from the altar that is the 神社 of St. Edward, who 設立するd this church for the 就任（式）／開始 of the 君主s of England into their sacred office. Many high virtues, 約束, mercy, 司法（官）, piety, 忠義, reverence, are honoured in the symbolism attendant on a 載冠（式）／即位（式） that is so much more than a remarkable 野外劇／豪華な行列. In setting up a chosen and anointed King, a nation 始める，決めるs up its own ideals of strength, compassion, dignity and spirituality.
The 載冠（式）／即位（式） of George VI will have a unique significance in that the 君主 is the 長，率いる of a 広大な／多数の／重要な 連邦／共和国 of nations, all of whom, whatever their individual 政府s, recognise and 支払う／賃金 homage to the ideals of Kingship, which is 解釈する／通訳するd to the 注目する，もくろむ and ear in the 古代の and beautiful 儀式s that celebrate the 取り付け・設備 of the British 君主.
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