Through the 魔法 Door

Illustration 1. Arthur Conan Doyle at Work.
Illustration 2. The Author's 熟考する／考慮する.
Illustration 3. Carlyle, his mind 餓死するing for want of food, devoured them at the 率 of one a day.
Illustration 4. We see the 激しい form rolling; we hear it puffing.
Illustration 5. Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay. Portrait by Sir Francis 認める, 1853.
Illustration 6. Sir Walter Scott. Portrait by Edwin Landseer, ca. 1824.
Illustration 7. The roaring "No, sir!" （機の）カム to silence him.
Illustration 8. Samuel Johnson. Portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds
Illustration 9. Edward Gibbon. Portrait by Henry Walton.
Illustration 10. Samuel Pepys. Portrait by Sir Peter Lely.
Illustration 11. Pepys, a 熟した scholar who 蓄積するd 3000 容積／容量s.
Illustration 12. The dying gladiator listened with 意図利益／興味.
Illustration 13. Nathaniel Hawthorne.
Illustration 14. Samuel Richardson. 絵 by Joseph Highmore, 1750.
Illustration 15. "Yes, but you have omitted two in a fort 近づく Dieppe."
Illustration 16. Charles Robert Darwin, LL.D., F.R.S. Portrait by John Collier, 1883
Illustration 17. Robert Louis Stevenson. Portrait by Sir William Blake Richmond, 1887.

I CARE not how humble your bookshelf may be, nor how lowly the room which it adorns. の近くに the door of that room behind you, shut off with it all the cares of the outer world, 急落（する），激減（する）支援する into the soothing company of the 広大な／多数の／重要な dead, and then you are through the 魔法 portal into that fair land whither worry and vexation can follow you no more. You have left all that is vulgar and all that is sordid behind you. There stand your noble, silent comrades, waiting in their 階級s. Pass your 注目する，もくろむ負かす／撃墜する their とじ込み／提出するs. Choose your man. And then you have but to 持つ／拘留する up your 手渡す to him and away you go together into dreamland. Surely there would be something eerie about a line of 調書をとる／予約するs were it not that familiarity has deadened our sense of it. Each is a mummified soul embalmed in cere-cloth and natron of leather and printer's 署名／調印する. Each cover of a true 調書をとる／予約する enfolds the concentrated essence of a man. The personalities of the writers have faded into the thinnest 影をつくる／尾行するs, as their 団体／死体s into impalpable dust, yet here are their very spirits at your 命令（する）.

It is our familiarity also which has 少なくなるd our perception of the miraculous good fortune which we enjoy. Let us suppose that we were suddenly to learn that Shakespeare had returned to earth, and that he would favour any of us with an hour of his wit and his fancy. How 熱望して we would 捜し出す him out! And yet we have him—the very best of him—at our 肘s from week to week, and hardly trouble ourselves to put out our 手渡すs to beckon him 負かす／撃墜する. No 事柄 what mood a man may be in, when once he has passed through the 魔法 door he can 召喚する the world's greatest to sympathize with him in it. If he be thoughtful, here are the kings of thought. If he be dreamy, here are the masters of fancy. Or is it amusement that he 欠如（する）s? He can signal to any one of the world's 広大な／多数の／重要な story-tellers, and out comes the dead man and 持つ／拘留するs him enthralled by the hour. The dead are such good company that one may come to think too little of the living. It is a real and a 圧力（をかける）ing danger with many of us, that we should never find our own thoughts and our own souls, but be ever obsessed by the dead. Yet second-手渡す romance and second-手渡す emotion are surely better than the dull, soul-殺人，大当り monotony which life brings to most of the human race. But best of all when the dead man's 知恵 and strength in the living of our own strenuous days.

Come through the 魔法 door with me, and sit here on the green settee, where you can see the old oak 事例／患者 with its untidy lines of 容積／容量s. Smoking is not forbidden. Would you care to hear me talk of them? 井戸／弁護士席, I ask nothing better, for there is no 容積／容量 there which is not a dear, personal friend, and what can a man talk of more pleasantly than that? The other 調書をとる／予約するs are over yonder, but these are my own favourites—the ones I care to re-read and to have 近づく my 肘. There is not a tattered cover which does not bring its mellow memories to me.

Some of them 代表する those little sacrifices which make a 所有／入手 dearer. You see the line of old, brown 容積／容量s at the 底（に届く）? Every one of those 代表するs a lunch. They were bought in my student days, when times were not too 豊富な. Threepence was my modest allowance for my midday 挟む and glass of beer; but, as luck would have it, my way to the classes led past the most fascinating bookshop in the world. Outside the door of it stood a large tub filled with an ever-changing litter of tattered 調書をとる／予約するs, with a card above which 発表するd that any 容積／容量 therein could be 購入（する）d for the 同一の sum which I carried in my pocket. As I approached it a 戦闘 ever 激怒（する）d betwixt the hunger of a youthful 団体／死体 and that of an 問い合わせing and omnivorous mind. Five times out of six the animal won. But when the mental 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd, then there was an 入り口ing five minutes' digging の中で out-of-date almanacs, 容積／容量s of Scotch theology, and （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs of logarithms, until one 設立する something which made it all 価値（がある） while. If you will look over these 肩書を与えるs, you will see that I did not do so very 不正に. Four 容積／容量s of Gordon's "Tacitus" (life is too short to read 初めのs, so long as there are good translations), Sir William 寺's Essays, Addison's 作品, Swift's "Tale of a Tub," Clarendon's "History," "Gil Blas," Buckingham's Poems, Churchill's Poems, "Life of Bacon"—not so bad for the old threepenny tub.

They were not always in such plebeian company. Look at the thickness of the rich leather, and the richness of the 薄暗い gold lettering. Once they adorned the 棚上げにするs of some noble library, and even の中で the 半端物 almanacs and the sermons they bore the traces of their former greatness, like the faded silk dress of the 減ずるd gentlewoman, a 現在の pathos but a glory of the past.

Reading is made too 平易な nowadays, with cheap paper 版s and 解放する／自由な libraries. A man does not 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる at its 十分な価値（がある） the thing that comes to him without 成果／努力. Who now ever gets the thrill which Carlyle felt when he hurried home with the six 容積／容量s of Gibbon's "History" under his arm, his mind just 餓死するing for want of food, to devour them at the 率 of one a day? A 調書をとる／予約する should be your very own before you can really get the taste of it, and unless you have worked for it, you will never have the true inward pride of 所有／入手.

If I had to choose the one 調書をとる／予約する out of all that line from which I have had most 楽しみ and most 利益（をあげる）, I should point to yonder stained copy of Macaulay's "Essays." It seems entwined into my whole life as I look backwards. It was my comrade in my student days, it has been with me on the sweltering Gold Coast, and it formed part of my humble 道具 when I went a-捕鯨 in the 北極の. Honest Scotch harpooners have addled their brains over it, and you may still see the grease stains where the second engineer grappled with Frederick the 広大な／多数の／重要な. Tattered and dirty and worn, no gilt-辛勝する／優位d morocco-bound 容積／容量 could ever take its place for me.

What a noble gateway this 調書をとる／予約する forms through which one may approach the 熟考する／考慮する either of letters or of history! Milton, Machiavelli, Hallam, Southey, Bunyan, Byron, Johnson, Pitt, Hampden, Clive, Hastings, Chatham—what nuclei for thought! With a good 支配する of each how pleasant and 平易な to fill in all that lies between! The short, vivid 宣告，判決s, the 幅の広い sweep of allusion, the exact 詳細（に述べる）, they all throw a glamour 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 支配する and should make the least studious of readers 願望（する） to go その上の. If Macaulay's 手渡す cannot lead a man upon those pleasant paths, then, indeed, he may give up all hope of ever finding them.

When I was a 上級の schoolboy this 調書をとる／予約する—not this very 容積／容量, for it had an even more tattered 前任者—opened up a new world to me. History had been a lesson and abhorrent. Suddenly the 仕事 and the drudgery became an 急襲 into an enchanted land, a land of colour and beauty, with a 肉親，親類d, wise guide to point the path. In that 広大な／多数の／重要な style of his I loved even the faults—indeed, now that I come to think of it, it was the faults which I loved best. No 宣告，判決 could be too stiff with rich embroidery, and no antithesis too flowery. It pleased me to read that "a 全世界の／万国共通の shout of laughter from the Tagus to the Vistula 知らせるd the ローマ法王 that the days of the crusades were past," and I was delighted to learn that "Lady Jerningham kept a vase in which people placed foolish 詩（を作る）s, and Mr. Dash wrote 詩（を作る）s which were fit to be placed in Lady Jerningham's vase." Those were the 肉親，親類d of 宣告，判決s which used to fill me with a vague but 耐えるing 楽しみ, like chords which ぐずぐず残る in the musician's ear. A man likes a plainer literary diet as he grows older, but still as I ちらりと見ること over the Essays I am filled with 賞賛 and wonder at the 補欠／交替の／交替する力／強力にする of 扱うing a 広大な／多数の／重要な支配する, and of adorning it by delightful 詳細（に述べる）—just a bold sweep of the 小衝突, and then the most delicate stippling. As he leads you 負かす／撃墜する the path, he for ever 示すs the alluring 味方する-跡をつけるs which 支店 away from it. An admirable, if somewhat old-fashioned, literary and historical education night be 影響d by working through every 調書をとる／予約する which is alluded to in the Essays. I should be curious, however, to know the exact age of the 青年 when he （機の）カム to the end of his 熟考する／考慮するs.

I wish Macaulay had written a historical novel. I am 納得させるd that it would have been a 広大な／多数の／重要な one. I do not know if he had the 力／強力にする of 製図／抽選 an imaginary character, but he certainly had the gift of 再建するing a dead celebrity to a remarkable degree. Look at the simple half-paragraph in which he gives us Johnson and his atmosphere. Was ever a more 限定された picture given in a shorter space—

"As we の近くに it, the club-room is before us, and the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する on which stand the omelet for Nugent, and the lemons for Johnson. There are 組み立てる／集結するd those 長，率いるs which live for ever on the canvas of Reynolds. There are the spectacles of Burke, and the tall thin form of Langton, the courtly sneer of Beauclerk and the beaming smile of Garrick, Gibbon （電話線からの）盗聴 his 消す-box, and Sir Joshua with his trumpet in his ear. In the foreground is that strange 人物／姿／数字 which is as familiar to us as the 人物／姿／数字s of those の中で whom we have been brought up—the gigantic 団体／死体, the 抱擁する massy 直面する, seamed with the scars of 病気, the brown coat, the 黒人／ボイコット worsted stockings, the grey wig with the scorched foretop, the dirty 手渡すs, the nails bitten and pared to the quick. We see the 注目する，もくろむs and mouth moving with convulsive twitches; we see the 激しい form rolling; we hear it puffing, and then comes the 'Why, sir!' and the 'What then, sir?' and the 'No, sir!' and the 'You don't see your way through the question, sir!'"

I can remember that when I visited London at the age of sixteen the first thing I did after 住宅 my luggage was to make a 巡礼の旅 to Macaulay's 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な, where he lies in Westminster Abbey, just under the 影をつくる／尾行する of Addison, and まっただ中に the dust of the poets whom he had loved so 井戸／弁護士席. It was the one 広大な／多数の／重要な反対する of 利益／興味 which London held for me. And so it might 井戸／弁護士席 be, when I think of all I 借りがある him. It is not 単に the knowledge and the stimulation of fresh 利益／興味s, but it is the charming gentlemanly トン, the 幅の広い, 自由主義の見通し, the general absence of bigotry and of prejudice. My judgment now 確認するs all that I felt for him then.

My four-容積／容量版 of the History stands, as you see, to the 権利 of the Essays. Do you recollect the third 一時期／支部 of that work—the one which 再建するs the England of the seventeenth century? It has always seemed to me the very high- water 示す of Macaulay's 力／強力にするs, with its marvellous mixture of 正確な fact and romantic phrasing. The 全住民 of towns, the 統計（学） of 商業, the prosaic facts of life are all transmuted into wonder and 利益／興味 by the 扱うing of the master. You feel that he could have cast a glamour over the multiplication （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する had he 始める，決める himself to do so. Take a 選び出す／独身固める／コンクリート example of what I mean. The fact that a Londoner in the country, or a 同国人 in London, felt 平等に out of place in those days of difficult travel, would seem to hardly 要求する明言する／公表するing, and to afford no 適切な時期 of leaving a strong impression upon the reader's mind. See what Macaulay makes of it, though it is no more than a hundred other paragraphs which discuss a hundred さまざまな points—

"A cockney in a 田舎の village was 星／主役にするd at as much as if he had intruded into a kraal of Hottentots. On the other 手渡す, when the lord of a Lincolnshire or Shropshire manor appeared in (n)艦隊／(a)素早い Street, he was as easily distinguished from the 居住（者）全住民 as a Turk or a Lascar. His dress, his gait, his accent, the manner in which he gazed at the shops, つまずくd into gutters, ran against the porters, and stood under the waterspouts, 示すd him out as an excellent 支配する for the 操作／手術s of 詐欺師s and banterers. いじめ（る）s jostled him into the kennel, Hackney coachmen splashed him from 長，率いる to foot, thieves 調査するd with perfect 安全 the 抱擁する pockets of his horseman's coat, while he stood 入り口d by the splendour of the Lord 市長's Show. Money-droppers, sore from the cart's tail, introduced themselves to him, and appeared to him the most honest friendly gentlemen that he had ever seen. Painted women, the 辞退する of Lewkner 小道／航路 and Whetstone Park, passed themselves on him for countesses and maids of honour. If he asked his way to St. James', his informants sent him to Mile End. If he went into a shop, he was 即時に discerned to be a fit purchaser of everything that nobody else would buy, of second-手渡す embroidery, 巡査（犯罪の）一味s, and watches that would not go. If he rambled into any 流行の／上流の coffee-house, he became a 示す for the insolent derision of fops, and the 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な waggery of Templars. Enraged and mortified, he soon returned to his mansion, and there, in the homage of his tenants and the conversation of his boon companions, 設立するなぐさみ for the vexations and humiliations which he had undergone. There he was once more a 広大な／多数の／重要な man, and saw nothing above himself except when at the assizes he took his seat on the （法廷の）裁判近づく the 裁判官, or when at the 召集（する） of the 民兵 he saluted the Lord 中尉／大尉／警部補."

On the whole, I should put this detached 一時期／支部 of description at the very 長，率いる of his Essays, though it happens to occur in another 容積／容量. The History as a whole does not, as it seems to me, reach the same level as the shorter articles. One cannot but feel that it is a brilliant piece of special pleading from a fervid Whig, and that there must be more to be said for the other 味方する than is there 始める，決める前へ／外へ. Some of the Essays are tinged also, no 疑問, by his own political and 宗教的な制限s. The best are those which get 権利 away into the 幅の広い fields of literature and philosophy. Johnson, Walpole, Madame D'Arblay, Addison, and the two 広大な／多数の／重要な Indian ones, Clive and 過密な住居 Hastings, are my own favourites. Frederick the 広大な／多数の／重要な, too, must surely stand in the first 階級. Only one would I wish to 除去する. It is the diabolically clever 批評 upon Montgomery. One would have wished to think that Macaulay's heart was too 肉親，親類d, and his soul too gentle, to pen so bitter an attack. Bad work will 沈む of its own 負わせる. It is not necessary to souse the author 同様に. One would think more 高度に of the man if he had not done that savage bit of work.

I don't know why talking of Macaulay always makes me think of Scott, whose 調書をとる／予約するs in a faded, olive-支援するd line, have a shelf, you see, of their own. Perhaps it is that they both had so 広大な／多数の／重要な an 影響（力）, and woke such 賞賛 in me. Or perhaps it is the real similarity in the minds and characters of the two men. You don't see it, you say? 井戸／弁護士席, just think of Scott's "国境 Ballads," and then of Macaulay's "Lays." The machines must be alike, when the 製品s are so 類似の. Each was the only man who could かもしれない have written the poems of the other. What swing and dash in both of them! What a love of all that is and noble and 戦争の! So simple, and yet so strong. But there are minds on which strength and 簡単 are thrown away. They think that unless a thing is obscure it must be superficial, 反して it is often the shallow stream which is turbid, and the 深い which is （疑いを）晴らす. Do you remember the fatuous 批評 of Matthew Arnold upon the glorious "Lays," where he calls out "is this poetry?" after 引用するing—

"And how can man die better
Than 直面するing fearful 半端物s
For the ashes of his fathers
And the 寺s of his Gods?"

In trying to show that Macaulay had not the poetic sense he was really showing that he himself had not the 劇の sense. The baldness of the idea and of the language had evidently 感情を害する／違反するd him. But this is 正確に／まさに where the true 長所 lies. Macaulay is giving the rough, blunt words with which a simple- minded 兵士控訴，上告s to two comrades to help him in a 行為 of valour. Any high-flown 感情 would have been 絶対 out of character. The lines are, I think, taken with their 状況, admirable ballad poetry, and have just the 劇の質 and sense which a ballad poet must have. That opinion of Arnold's shook my 約束 in his judgment, and yet I would 許す a good 取引，協定 to the man who wrote—

"One more 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 and then be dumb,
When the forts of Folly 落ちる,
May the 勝利者s when they come
Find my 団体／死体近づく the 塀で囲む."

This is one of the things which human society has not yet understood —the value of a noble, inspiriting text. When it does we shall 会合，会う them everywhere engraved on appropriate places, and our 進歩 through the streets will be brightened and ennobled by one continual 一連の beautiful mental impulses and images, 反映するd into our souls from the printed thoughts which 会合，会う our 注目する，もくろむs. To think that we should walk with empty, listless minds while all this splendid 構成要素 is running to waste. I do not mean mere Scriptural texts, for they do not 耐える the same meaning to all, though what human creature can fail to be spurred onwards by "Work while it is day, for the night cometh when no man can work." But I mean those beautiful thoughts—who can say that they are uninspired thoughts? —which may be gathered from a hundred authors to match a hundred uses. A 罰金 thought in 罰金 language is a most precious jewel, and should not be hid away, but be exposed for use and ornament. To take the nearest example, there is a horse-気圧の谷 across the road from my house, a plain 石／投石する気圧の谷, and no man could pass it with any feelings save vague discontent at its ugliness. But suppose that on its 前線厚板 you print the 詩（を作る） of Coleridge—

"He prayeth best who loveth best
All things, both 広大な／多数の／重要な and small
For the dear Lord who fashioned him
He knows and loveth all."

I 恐れる I may misquote, for I have not "The 古代の水夫" at my 肘, but even as it stands does it not elevate the horse- 気圧の谷? We all do this, I suppose, in a small way for ourselves. There are few men who have not some chosen quotations printed on their 熟考する／考慮する mantelpieces, or, better still, in their hearts. Carlyle's transcription of "残り／休憩（する）! 残り／休憩（する）! Shall I not have all Eternity to 残り／休憩（する） in!" is a pretty good 刺激（する） to a 疲れた／うんざりした man. But what we need is a more general 使用／適用 of the same thing for public and not for 私的な use, until people understand that a graven thought is as beautiful an ornament as any graven image, striking through the 注目する，もくろむ権利深い負かす／撃墜する into the soul.

However, all this has nothing to do with Macaulay's glorious lays, save that when you want some flowers of manliness and patriotism you can pluck やめる a bouquet out of those. I had the good fortune to learn the Lay of Horatius off by heart when I was a child, and it stamped itself on my plastic mind, so that even now I can reel off almost the whole of it. Goldsmith said that in conversation he was like the man who had a thousand 続けざまに猛撃するs in the bank, but could not compete with the man who had an actual sixpence in his pocket. So the ballad that you 耐える in your mind outweighs the whole bookshelf which waits for 言及／関連. But I want you now to move your 注目する，もくろむ a little さらに先に負かす／撃墜する the shelf to the line of olive-green 容積／容量s. That is my 版 of Scott. But surely I must give you a little breathing space before I 投機・賭ける upon them.

CHAPTER II

IT is a 広大な／多数の／重要な thing to start life with a small number of really good 調書をとる／予約するs which are your very own. You may not 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる them at first. You may pine for your novel of 天然のまま and unadulterated adventure. You may, and will, give it the preference when you can. But the dull days come, and the 雨の days come, and always you are driven to fill up the chinks of your reading with the worthy 調書をとる／予約するs which wait so 根気よく for your notice. And then suddenly, on a day which 示すs an 時代 in your life, you understand the difference. You see, like a flash, how the one stands for nothing, and the other for literature. From that day onwards you may return to your crudities, but at least you do so with some 基準 of comparison in your mind. You can never be the same as you were before. Then 徐々に the good thing becomes more dear to you; it builds itself up with your growing mind; it becomes a part of your better self, and so, at last, you can look, as I do now, at the old covers and love them for all that they have meant in the past. Yes, it was the olive-green line of Scott's novels which started me on to rhapsody. They were the first 調書をとる／予約するs I ever owned—long, long before I could 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる or even understand them. But at last I realized what a treasure they were. In my boyhood I read them by surreptitious candle-ends in the dead of the night, when the sense of 罪，犯罪追加するd a new zest to the story. Perhaps you have 観察するd that my "Ivanhoe" is of a different 版 from the others. The first copy was left in the grass by the 味方する of a stream, fell into the water, and was 結局選ぶd up three days later, swollen and 分解するd, upon a mud-bank. I think I may say, however, that I had worn it out before I lost it. Indeed, it was perhaps 同様に that it was some years before it was 取って代わるd, for my instinct was always to read it again instead of breaking fresh ground.

I remember the late James Payn telling the anecdote that he and two literary friends agreed to 令状負かす／撃墜する what scene in fiction they thought the most 劇の, and that on 診察するing the papers it was 設立する that all three had chosen the same. It was the moment when the unknown knight, at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, riding past the pavilions of the lesser men, strikes with the sharp end of his lance, in a challenge to mortal 戦闘, the 保護物，者 of the formidable Templar. It was, indeed, a splendid moment! What 事柄 that no Templar was 許すd by the 支配するs of his Order to 参加する so 世俗的な and frivolous an 事件／事情／状勢 as a tournament? It is the 特権 of 広大な／多数の／重要な masters to make things so, and it is a churlish thing to gainsay it. Was it not Wendell Holmes who 述べるd the prosaic man, who enters a 製図／抽選-room with a couple of facts, like ill-条件d bull-dogs at his heels, ready to let them loose on any play of fancy? The 広大な／多数の／重要な writer can never go wrong. If Shakespeare gives a sea-coast to Bohemia, or if 勝利者 Hugo calls an English prize-闘士，戦闘機 Mr. Jim-John- Jack—井戸／弁護士席, it was so, and that's an end of it. "There is no second line of rails at that point," said an editor to a minor author. "I make a second line," said the author; and he was within his 権利s, if he can carry his readers' 有罪の判決 with him.

But this is a digression from "Ivanhoe." What a 調書をとる／予約する it is! The second greatest historical novel in our language, I think. Every 連続する reading has 深くするd my 賞賛 for it. Scott's 兵士s are always as good as his women (with exceptions) are weak; but here, while the 兵士s are at their very best, the romantic 人物／姿／数字 of Rebecca redeems the 女性（の）味方する of the story from the usual commonplace 決まりきった仕事. Scott drew manly men because he was a manly man himself, and 設立する the 仕事 a 同情的な one.

He drew young ヘロインs because a 条約需要・要求するd it, which he had never the hardihood to break. It is only when we get him for a dozen 一時期／支部s on end with a 最小限 of petticoat—in the long stretch, for example, from the beginning of the Tournament to the end of the Friar Tuck 出来事/事件 —that we realize the 高さ of continued romantic narrative to which he could 達成する. I don't think in the whole 範囲 of our literature we have a finer 支えるd flight than that.

There is, I 収容する／認める, an intolerable 量 of redundant verbiage in Scott's novels. Those endless and unnecessary introductions make the 爆撃する very 厚い before you come to the oyster. They are often admirable in themselves, learned, witty, picturesque, but with no relation or 割合 to the story which they are supposed to introduce. Like so much of our English fiction, they are very good 事柄 in a very bad place. Digression and want of method and order are 伝統的な国家の sins. Fancy introducing an essay on how to live on nothing a year as Thackeray did in "Vanity Fair," or 挟むing in a ghost story as Dickens has dared to do. 同様に might a 劇の author 急ぐ up to the footlights and begin telling anecdotes while his play was 一時停止するing its 活動／戦闘 and his characters waiting wearily behind him. It is all wrong, though every 広大な／多数の／重要な指名する can be 引用するd in support of it. Our sense of form is lamentably 欠如（する）ing, and Sir Walter sinned with the 残り／休憩（する）. But get past all that to a 危機 in the real story, and who finds the terse phrase, the short 解雇する／砲火／射撃- word, so surely as he? Do you remember when the 無謀な Sergeant of Dragoons stands at last before the grim Puritan, upon whose 長，率いる a price has been 始める，決める: "A thousand 示すs or a bed of heather!" says he, as he draws. The Puritan draws also: "The Sword of the Lord and of Gideon!" says he. No verbiage there! But the very spirit of either man and of either party, in the few 厳しい words, which haunt your mind. "屈服するs and 法案s!" cry the Saxon Varangians, as the Moslem horse 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s home. You feel it is just what they must have cried. Even more terse and 事務的な was the actual 戦う／戦い-cry of the fathers of the same men on that long-drawn day when they fought under the "Red Dragon of Wessex" on the low 山の尾根 at Hastings. "Out! Out!" they roared, as the Norman chivalry broke upon them. Terse, strong, prosaic—the very genius of the race was in the cry.

Is it that the higher emotions are not there? Or is it that they are damped 負かす／撃墜する and covered over as too precious to be 展示（する）d? Something of each, perhaps. I once met the 未亡人 of the man who, as a young signal midshipman, had taken Nelson's famous message from the Signal Yeoman and communicated it to the ship's company. The officers were impressed. The men were not. "義務!" they muttered. "We've always done it. Why not?" Anything in the least highfalutin' would depress, not exalt, a British company. It is the under 声明 which delights them. German 軍隊／機動隊s can march to 戦う／戦い singing Luther's hymns. Frenchmen will work themselves into a frenzy by a song of glory and of Fatherland. Our 戦争の poets need not trouble to imitate—or at least need not imagine that if they do so they will ever 供給（する） a want to the British 兵士. Our sailors working the 激しい guns in South Africa sang: "Here's another lump of sugar for the Bird." I saw a 連隊 go into 活動／戦闘 to the 差し控える of "A little bit off the 最高の，を越す." The 戦争の poet aforesaid, unless he had the genius and the insight of a Kipling, would have wasted a good 取引，協定 of 署名／調印する before he had got 負かす／撃墜する to such 詠唱するs as these. The ロシアのs are not unlike us in this 尊敬（する）・点. I remember reading of some column 上がるing a 違反 and singing lustily from start to finish, until a few 生存者s were left 勝利を得た upon the crest with the song still going. A 観客問い合わせd what wondrous 詠唱する it was which had warmed them to such a 行為 of valour, and he 設立する that the exact meaning of the words, endlessly repeated, was "Ivan is in the garden 選ぶing cabbages." The fact is, I suppose, that a mere monotonous sound may take the place of the tom-tom of savage 戦争, and hypnotize the 兵士 into valour.

Our cousins across the 大西洋 have the same blending of the comic with their most serious work. Take the songs which they sang during the most 血まみれの war which the Anglo-Celtic race has ever 行うd—the only war in which it could have been said that they were stretched to their uttermost and showed their true form—"Tramp, tramp, tramp," "John Brown's 団体／死体," "Marching through Georgia"—all had a playful humour running through them. Only one exception do I know, and that is the most tremendous war-song I can 解任する. Even an 部外者 in time of peace can hardly read it without emotion. I mean, of course, Julia 区 Howe's "War-Song of the 共和国," with the choral 開始 line: "地雷注目する，もくろむs have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord." If that were ever sung upon a 戦う／戦い-field the 影響 must have been terrific.

A long digression, is it not? But that is the worst of the thoughts at the other 味方する of the 魔法 Door. You can't pull one out without a dozen 存在 entangled with it. But it was Scott's 兵士s that I was talking of, and I was 説 that there is nothing theatrical, no 提起する／ポーズをとるing, no heroics (the thing of all others which the hero abominates), but just the short bluff word and the simple manly ways, with every 表現 and metaphor drawn from within his natural 範囲 of thought. What a pity it is that he, with his keen 評価 of the 兵士, gave us so little of those 兵士s who were his own 同時代のs—the finest, perhaps, that the world has ever seen! It is true that he wrote a life of the 広大な／多数の／重要な兵士 Emperor, but that was the one piece of hackwork of his career. How could a Tory 愛国者, whose whole training had been to look upon Napoleon as a malignant Demon, do 司法（官） to such a 主題? But the Europe of those days was 十分な of 構成要素 which he of all men could have drawn with a 同情的な手渡す. What would we not give for a portrait of one of Murat's light-cavalrymen, or of a Grenadier of the Old Guard, drawn with the same bold 一打／打撃s as the Rittmeister of Gustavus or the archers of the French King's Guard in "Quentin Durward"?

In his visit to Paris Scott must have seen many of those アイロンをかける men who during the 先行する twenty years had been the 天罰（を下す） and also the redemption of Europe. To us the 兵士s who scowled at him from the sidewalks in 1814 would have been as 利益／興味ing and as much romantic 人物／姿／数字s of the past as the mail-覆う？ knights or ruffling cavaliers of his novels. A picture from the life of a Peninsular 退役軍人, with his 見解（をとる）s upon the Duke, would be as striking as Dugald Dalgetty from the German wars. But then no man ever does realize the true 利益／興味 of the age in which he happens to live. All sense of 割合 is lost, and the little thing hard-by obscures the 広大な／多数の／重要な thing at a distance. It is 平易な in the dark to 混乱させる the 解雇する／砲火／射撃-飛行機で行く and the 星／主役にする. Fancy, for example, the Old Masters 捜し出すing their 支配するs in inn parlours, or St. Sebastians, while Columbus was discovering America before their very 直面するs.

I have said that I think "Ivanhoe" the best of Scott's novels. I suppose most people would subscribe to that. But how about the second best? It speaks 井戸／弁護士席 for their general 普通の／平均（する） that there is hardly one の中で them which might not find some admirers who would 投票（する） it to a place of honour. To the Scottish-born man those novels which を取り引きする Scottish life and character have a 質 of raciness which gives them a place apart. There is a rich humour of the 国／地域 in such 調書をとる／予約するs as "Old Mortality," "The Antiquary," and "略奪する Roy," which puts them in a different class from the others. His old Scottish women are, next to his 兵士s, the best 一連の types that he has drawn. At the same time it must be 認める that 長所 which is associated with dialect has such 制限s that it can never take the same place as work which makes an equal 控訴，上告 to all the world. On the whole, perhaps, "Quentin Durward," on account of its wider 利益／興味s, its strong character-製図／抽選, and the European importance of the events and people 述べるd, would have my 投票（する） for the second place. It is the father of all those sword-and- cape novels which have formed so 非常に／多数の an 新規加入 to the light literature of the last century. The pictures of Charles the Bold and of the unspeakable Louis are extraordinarily vivid. I can see those two deadly enemies watching the hounds chasing the 先触れ（する）, and 粘着するing to each other in the convulsion of their cruel mirth, more 明確に than most things which my 注目する，もくろむs have 現実に残り／休憩（する）d upon.

The portrait of Louis with his astuteness, his cruelty, his superstition and his cowardice is followed closely from Comines, and is the more 効果的な when 始める，決める up against his bluff and war- like 競争相手. It is not often that historical characters work out in their actual physique 正確に／まさに as one would picture them to be, but in the High Church of Innsbruck I have seen effigies of Louis and Charles which might have walked from the very pages of Scott- Louis, thin, ascetic, varminty; and Charles with the 長，率いる of a prize-闘士，戦闘機. It is hard on us when a portrait upsets all our preconceived ideas, when, for example, we see in the 国家の Portrait Gallery a man with a noble, olive-色合いd, poetic 直面する, and with a start read beneath it that it is the wicked 裁判官 Jeffreys. Occasionally, however, as at Innsbruck, we are 絶対満足させるd. I have before me on the mantelpiece yonder a portrait of a 絵 which 代表するs Queen Mary's Bothwell. Take it 負かす／撃墜する and look at it. 示す the big 長，率いる, fit to conceive large 計画／陰謀s; the strong animal 直面する, made to captivate a 極度の慎重さを要する, feminine woman; the 残酷に強烈な features—the mouth with a suggestion of wild boars' tusks behind it, the 耐えるd which could bristle with fury: the whole man and his life-history are 明らかにする／漏らすd in that picture. I wonder if Scott had ever seen the 初めの which hangs at the Hepburn family seat?

本人自身で, I have always had a very high opinion of a novel which the critics have used somewhat 厳しく, and which （機の）カム almost the last from his tired pen. I mean "Count Robert of Paris." I am 納得させるd that if it had been the first, instead of the last, of the series it would have attracted as much attention as "Waverley." I can understand the 明言する／公表する of mind of the 専門家, who cried out in mingled 賞賛 and despair: "I have 熟考する／考慮するd the 条件s of Byzantine Society all my life, and here comes a Scotch lawyer who makes the whole thing （疑いを）晴らす to me in a flash!" Many men could draw with more or いっそう少なく success Norman England, or mediaeval フラン, but to 再建する a whole dead civilization in so plausible a way, with such dignity and such minuteness of 詳細（に述べる）, is, I should think, a most wonderful 小旅行する de 軍隊. His failing health showed itself before the end of the novel, but had the latter half equalled the first, and 含む／封じ込めるd scenes of such humour as Anna Comnena reading aloud her father's 偉業／利用するs, or of such majesty as the account of the 召集（する） of the 改革運動家s upon the shores of the Bosphorus, then the 調書をとる／予約する could not have been gainsaid its rightful place in the very 前線階級 of the novels.

I would that he had carried on his narrative, and given us a glimpse of the actual 進歩 of the First Crusade. What an 出来事/事件! Was ever anything in the world's history like it? It had what historical 出来事/事件s seldom have, a 限定された beginning, middle and end, from the half-crazed preaching of Peter 負かす／撃墜する to the 落ちる of Jerusalem. Those leaders! It would take a second ホームラン to do them 司法（官）. Godfrey the perfect 兵士 and leader, Bohemund the unscrupulous and formidable, Tancred the ideal knight errant, Robert of Normandy the half-mad hero! Here is 構成要素 so rich that one feels one is not worthy to 扱う it. What richest imagination could ever 発展させる anything more marvellous and thrilling than the actual historical facts?

But what a glorious brotherhood the novels are! Think of the pure romance of "The Talisman"; the exquisite picture of Hebridean life in "The 著作権侵害者"; the splendid reproduction of Elizabethan England in "Kenilworth"; the rich humour of the "Legend of Montrose"; above all, 耐える in mind that in all that splendid series, written in a coarse age, there is not one word to 感情を害する／違反する the most 極度の慎重さを要する car, and it is borne in upon one how 広大な／多数の／重要な and noble a man was Walter Scott, and how high the service which he did for literature and for humanity.

For that 推論する／理由 his life is good reading, and there it is on the same shelf as the novels. Lockhart was, of course, his son- in-法律 and his admiring friend. The ideal 伝記作家 should be a perfectly impartial man, with a 同情的な mind, but a 厳しい決意 to tell the 絶対の truth. One would like the frail, human 味方する of a man 同様に as the other. I cannot believe that anyone in the world was ever やめる so good as the 支配する of most of our biographies. Surely these worthy people swore a little いつかs, or had a keen 注目する，もくろむ for a pretty 直面する, or opened the second 瓶／封じ込める when they would have done better to stop at the first, or did something to make us feel that they were men and brothers. They need not go the length of the lady who began a biography of her 死んだ husband with the words—"D— was a dirty man," but the 調書をとる／予約するs certainly would be more readable, and the 支配するs more lovable too, if we had greater light and shade in the picture.

But I am sure that the more one knew of Scott the more one would have admired him. He lived in a drinking age, and in a drinking country, and I have not a 疑問 that he took an allowance of toddy occasionally of an evening which would have laid his feeble 後継者s under the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する. His last years, at least, poor fellow, were abstemious enough, when he sipped his barley-water, while the others passed the decanter. But what a high-souled chivalrous gentleman he was, with how 罰金 a sense of honour, translating itself not into empty phrases, but into years of 労働 and 否定! You remember how he became sleeping partner in a printing house, and so 伴う／関わるd himself in its 失敗. There was a 合法的な, but very little moral, （人命などを）奪う，主張する against him, and no one could have 非難するd him had he （疑いを）晴らすd the account by a 破産, which would have enabled him to become a rich man again within a few years. Yet he took the whole 重荷（を負わせる） upon himself and bore it for the 残り／休憩（する） of his life, spending his work, his time, and his health in the one long 成果／努力 to save his honour from the 影をつくる／尾行する of a stain. It was nearly a hundred thousand 続けざまに猛撃するs, I think, which he passed on to the creditors—a 広大な／多数の／重要な記録，記録的な／記録する, a hundred thousand 続けざまに猛撃するs, with his life thrown in.

And what a 力／強力にする of work he had! It was superhuman. Only the man who has tried to 令状 fiction himself knows what it means when it is 記録，記録的な／記録するd that Scott produced two of his long novels in one 選び出す／独身 year. I remember reading in some 調書をとる／予約する of reminiscences—on second thoughts it was in Lockhart himself—how the writer had 宿泊するd in some rooms in 城 Street, Edinburgh, and how he had seen all evening the silhouette of a man 輪郭（を描く）d on the blind of the opposite house. All evening the man wrote, and the 観察者／傍聴者 could see the 影をつくる／尾行する手渡す伝えるing the sheets of paper from the desk to the pile at the 味方する. He went to a party and returned, but still the 手渡す was moving the sheets. Next morning he was told that the rooms opposite were 占領するd by Walter Scott.

A curious glimpse into the psychology of the writer of fiction is shown by the fact that he wrote two of his 調書をとる／予約するs—good ones, too—at a time when his health was such that he could not afterwards remember one word of them, and listened to them when they were read to him as if he were 審理，公聴会 the work of another man. 明らかに the simplest 過程s of the brain, such as ordinary memory, were in 完全にする（一時的）停止, and yet the very highest and most コンビナート／複合体 faculty—imagination in its 最高の form —was 絶対 unimpaired. It is an 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の fact, and one to be pondered over. It gives some support to the feeling which every writer of imaginative work must have, that his 最高の work comes to him in some strange way from without, and that he is only the medium for placing it upon the paper. The creative thought—the germ thought from which a larger growth is to come, 飛行機で行くs through his brain like a 弾丸. He is surprised at his own idea, with no conscious sense of having 起こる／始まるd it. And here we have a man, with all other brain 機能（する）／行事s 麻ひさせるd, producing this magnificent work. Is it possible that we are indeed but conduit 麻薬を吸うs from the infinite 貯蔵所 of the unknown? Certainly it is always our best work which leaves the least sense of personal 成果／努力.

And to 追求する this line of thought, is it possible that frail physical 力／強力にするs and an 安定性のない nervous system, by keeping a man's materialism at its lowest, （判決などを）下す him a more fitting スパイ／執行官 for these spiritual uses? It is an old tag that

"広大な／多数の／重要な Genius is to madness の近くに連合した,
And thin partitions do those rooms divide."

But, apart from genius, even a 穏健な faculty for imaginative work seems to me to 弱める本気で the 関係 between the soul and the 団体／死体.

Look at the British poets of a century ago: Chatterton, 燃やすs, Shelley, Keats, Byron. 燃やすs was the oldest of that brilliant 禁止（する）d, yet 燃やすs was only thirty-eight when he passed away, "燃やすd out," as his brother terribly 表明するd it. Shelley, it is true, died by 事故, and Chatterton by 毒（薬）, but 自殺 is in itself a 調印する of a morbid 明言する／公表する. It is true that Rogers lived to be almost a centenarian, but he was 銀行業者 first and poet afterwards. Wordsworth, Tennyson, and Browning have all raised the 普通の／平均（する） age of the poets, but for some 推論する／理由 the 小説家s, 特に of late years, have a deplorable 記録，記録的な／記録する. They will end by 存在 scheduled with the white-lead 労働者s and other dangerous 貿易（する）s. Look at the really shocking 事例／患者 of the young Americans, for example. What a 禁止（する）d of 約束ing young writers have in a few years been swept away! There was the author of that admirable 調書をとる／予約する, "David Harum"; there was Frank Norris, a man who had in him, I think, the seeds of greatness more than almost any living writer. His "炭坑，オーケストラ席" seemed to me one of the finest American novels. He also died a premature death. Then there was Stephen Crane—a man who had also done most brilliant work, and there was Harold Frederic, another master- craftsman. Is there any profession in the world which in 割合 to its numbers could show such losses as that? In the 合間, out of our own men Robert Louis Stevenson is gone, and Henry Seton Merriman, and many another.

Even those 広大な／多数の／重要な men who are usually spoken of as if they had 一連の会議、交渉／完成するd off their career were really premature in their end. Thackeray, for example, in spite of his 雪の降る，雪の多い長，率いる, was only 52; Dickens 達成するd the age of 58; on the whole, Sir Walter, with his 61 years of life, although he never wrote a novel until he was over 40, had, fortunately for the world, a longer working career than most of his brethren.

He 雇うd his creative faculty for about twenty years, which is as much, I suppose, as Shakespeare did. The 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業d of Avon is another example of the 限られた／立憲的な任期 which Genius has of life, though I believe that he 生き延びるd the greater part of his own family, who were not a healthy 在庫／株. He died, I should 裁判官, of some nervous 病気; that is shown by the 進歩／革新的な degeneration of his 署名. Probably it was locomotor ataxy, which is the special 天罰（を下す） of the imaginative man. Heine, Daudet, and how many more, were its 犠牲者s. As to the tradition, first について言及するd long after his death, that he died of a fever 契約d from a drinking 一区切り／（ボクシングなどの）試合, it is absurd on the 直面する of it, since no such fever is known to science. But a very 穏健な drinking 一区切り／（ボクシングなどの）試合 would be 極端に likely to bring a chronic nervous （民事の）告訴 to a 悲惨な end.

One other 発言／述べる upon Scott before I pass on from that line of green 容積／容量s which has made me so digressive and so garrulous. No account of his character is 完全にする which does not を取り引きする the strange, 隠しだてする vein which ran through his nature. Not only did he stretch the truth on many occasions ーするために隠す the fact that he was the author of the famous novels, but even intimate friends who met him day by day were not aware that he was the man about whom the whole of Europe was talking. Even his wife was ignorant of his pecuniary 義務／負債s until the 衝突，墜落 of the Ballantyne 会社／堅い told her for the first time that they were sharers in the 廃虚. A psychologist might trace this strange 新たな展開 of his mind in the 非常に／多数の elfish Fenella-like characters who flit about and keep their irritating secret through the long 一時期／支部s of so many of his novels.

It's a sad 調書をとる／予約する, Lockhart's "Life." It leaves gloom in the mind. The sight of this 疲れた／うんざりした巨大（な）, staggering along, 重荷（を負わせる）d with 負債, overladen with work, his wife dead, his 神経s broken, and nothing 損なわれていない but his honour, is one of the most moving in the history of literature. But they pass, these clouds, and all that is left is the memory of the supremely noble man, who would not be bent, but 直面するd 運命／宿命 to the last, and died in his 跡をつけるs without a whimper. He 見本d every human emotion. 広大な／多数の／重要な was his joy and 広大な／多数の／重要な his success, 広大な／多数の／重要な was his downfall and bitter his grief. But of all the sons of men I don't think there are many greater than he who lies under the 広大な／多数の／重要な厚板 at Dryburgh.

CHAPTER III

WE can pass the long green 階級s of the Waverley Novels and Lockhart's "Life" which 側面に位置するs them. Here is heavier metal in the four big grey 容積／容量s beyond. They are an old- fashioned large-print 版 of Boswell's "Life of Johnson." I 強調する the large print, for that is the weak point of most of the cheap 版s of English Classics which come now into the market. With 支配するs which are in the least archaic or abstruse you need good （疑いを）晴らす type to help you on your way. The other is good neither for your 注目する，もくろむs nor for your temper. Better 支払う／賃金 a little more and have a 調書をとる／予約する that is made for use.

That 調書をとる／予約する利益／興味s me—fascinates me—and yet I wish I could join heartily in that chorus of 賞賛する which the 肉親，親類d-hearted old いじめ（る） has enjoyed. It is difficult to follow his own advice and to "（疑いを）晴らす one's mind of cant" upon the 支配する, for when you have been accustomed to look at him through the 同情的な glasses of Macaulay or of Boswell, it is hard to take them off, to rub one's 注目する，もくろむs, and to have a good honest 星／主役にする on one's own account at the man's actual words, 行為s, and 制限s. If you try it you are left with the oddest mixture of impressions. How could one 表明する it save that this is John Bull taken to literature—the 誇張するd John Bull of the caricaturists—with every 質, good or evil, at its highest? Here are the rough crust over a kindly heart, the 爆発性の temper, the arrogance, the insular narrowness, the want of sympathy and insight, the rudeness of perception, the positiveness, the overbearing bluster, the strong 深い-seated 宗教的な原則, and every other characteristic of the cruder, rougher John Bull who was the 広大な／多数の／重要な grandfather of the 現在の good-natured Johnnie.

If Boswell had not lived I wonder how much we should hear now of his 抱擁する friend? With Scotch persistence he has 後継するd in inoculating the whole world with his hero worship. It was most natural that he should himself admire him. The relations between the two men were delightful and 反映する all credit upon each. But they are not a 安全な basis from which any third person could argue. When they met, Boswell was in his twenty-third and Johnson in his fifty-fourth year. The one was a keen young Scot with a mind which was reverent and impressionable. The other was a 人物／姿／数字 from a past 世代 with his fame already made. From the moment of 会合 the one was bound to 演習 an 絶対の ascendency over the other which made unbiassed 批評 far more difficult than it would be between ordinary father and son. Up to the end this was the 無傷の relation between them.

It is all very 井戸／弁護士席 to pooh-pooh Boswell as Macaulay has done, but it is not by chance that a man 令状s the best biography in the language. He had some 広大な／多数の／重要な and rare literary 質s. One was a （疑いを）晴らす and vivid style, more 柔軟な and Saxon than that of his 広大な／多数の／重要な model. Another was a remarkable discretion which hardly once permitted a fault of taste in this whole enormous 調書をとる／予約する where he must have had to 選ぶ his steps with 落し穴s on every 味方する of him. They say that he was a fool and a coxcomb in 私的な life. He is never so with a pen in his 手渡す. Of all his 非常に／多数の arguments with Johnson, where he 投機・賭けるd some little squeak of remonstrance, before the roaring "No, sir!" （機の）カム to silence him, there are few in which his 見解（をとる）s were not, as experience 証明するd, the wiser. On the question of slavery he was in the wrong. But I could 引用する from memory at least a dozen 事例／患者s, 含むing such 決定的な支配するs as the American 革命, the Hanoverian 王朝, 宗教的な Toleration, and so on, where Boswell's 見解（をとる）s were those which 生き残るd.

But where he excels as a 伝記作家 is in telling you just those little things that you want to know. How often you read the life of a man and are left without the remotest idea of his personality. It is not so here. The man lives again. There is a short description of Johnson's person—it is not in the Life, but in the 小旅行する to the Hebrides, the very next 調書をとる／予約する upon the shelf, which is typical of his vivid portraiture. May I take it 負かす／撃墜する, and read you a paragraph of it?—

"His person was large, 強健な, I may say approaching to the gigantic, and grown unwieldy from corpulency. His countenance was 自然に of the cast of an 古代の statue, but somewhat disfigured by the scars of King's evil. He was now in his sixty- fourth year and was become a little dull of 審理，公聴会. His sight had always been somewhat weak, yet so much does mind 治める／統治する and even 供給（する） the 欠陥／不足s of 組織／臓器s that his perceptions were uncommonly quick and 正確な. His 長，率いる, and いつかs also his 団体／死体, shook with a 肉親，親類d of 動議 like the 影響 of palsy. He appeared to be frequently 乱すd by cramps or convulsive 収縮過程s of the nature of that distemper called St. Vitus' dance. He wore a 十分な控訴 of plain brown 着せる／賦与するs, with 新たな展開d hair buttons of the same colour, a large bushy greyish wig, a plain shirt, 黒人／ボイコット worsted stockings and silver buckles. Upon this 小旅行する when 旅行ing he wore boots and a very wide brown cloth 広大な／多数の／重要な-coat with pockets which might almost have held the two 容積／容量s of his folio dictionary, and he carried in his 手渡す a large English oak stick."

You must 収容する／認める that if one cannot 再建する the 広大な／多数の／重要な Samuel after that it is not Mr. Boswell's fault—and it is but one of a dozen 平等に vivid glimpses which he gives us of his hero. It is just these pen-pictures of his of the big, uncouth man, with his grunts and his groans, his Gargantuan appetite, his twenty cups of tea, and his tricks with the orange-peel and the lamp-地位，任命するs, which fascinate the reader, and have given Johnson a far broader literary vogue than his writings could have done.

For, after all, which of those writings can be said to have any life to-day? Not "Rasselas," surely—that stilted romance. "The Lives of the Poets" are but a succession of prefaces, and the "Ramblers" of ephemeral essays. There is the monstrous drudgery of the Dictionary, a 抱擁する piece of spadework, a monument to 産業, but 信じられない to genius. "London" has a few vigorous lines, and the "旅行 to the Hebrides" some spirited pages. This, with a number of political and other 小冊子s, was the main 生産（高） of his lifetime. Surely it must be 認める that it is not enough to 正当化する his predominant place in English literature, and that we must turn to his humble, much- ridiculed 伝記作家 for the real explanation.

And then there was his talk. What was it which gave it such distinction? His （疑いを）晴らす-削減（する） positiveness upon every 支配する. But this is a 調印する of a 狭くする finality—impossible to the man of sympathy and of imagination, who sees the other 味方する of every question and understands what a little island the greatest human knowledge must be in the ocean of infinite 可能性s which surround us. Look at the results. Did ever any 選び出す／独身 man, the very dullest of the race, stand 罪人／有罪を宣告するd of so many incredible 失敗s? It 解任するs the 発言／述べる of Bagehot, that if at any time the 見解（をとる）s of the most learned could be stamped upon the whole human race the result would be to propagate the most absurd errors. He was asked what became of swallows in the winter. Rolling and wheezing, the oracle answered: "Swallows," said he, "certainly sleep all the winter. A number of them conglobulate together by 飛行機で行くing 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, and then all in a heap throw themselves under water and 嘘（をつく） in the bed of a river." Boswell 厳粛に dockets the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）. However, if I remember 権利, even so sound a naturalist as White of Selborne had his 疑問s about the swallows. More wonderful are Johnson's misjudgments of his fellow-authors. There, if anywhere, one would have 推定する／予想するd to find a sense of 割合. Yet his 結論s would seem monstrous to a modern taste. "Shakespeare," he said, "never wrote six 連続した good lines." He would only 収容する／認める two good 詩（を作る）s in Gray's exquisite "Elegy written in a Country Churchyard," where it would take a very 酸性の critic to find two bad ones. "Tristram Shandy" would not live. "Hamlet" was gabble. Swift's "Gulliver's Travels" was poor stuff, and he never wrote anything good except "A Tale of a Tub." Voltaire was 無学の. Rousseau was a scoundrel. Deists, like Hume, Priestley, or Gibbon, could not be honest men.

And his political opinions! They sound now like a caricature. I suppose even in those days they were reactionary. "A poor man has no honour." "Charles the Second was a good King." "政府s should turn out of the Civil Service all who were on the other 味方する." "裁判官s in India should be encouraged to 貿易（する）." "No country is the richer on account of 貿易（する）." (I wonder if Adam Smith was in the company when this proposition was laid 負かす／撃墜する!) "A landed proprietor should turn out those tenants who did not 投票（する） as he wished." "It is not good for a labourer to have his 給料 raised." "When the balance of 貿易（する） is against a country, the 利ざや must be paid in 現在の coin." Those were a few of his 有罪の判決s.

And then his prejudices! Most of us have some unreasoning aversion. In our more generous moments we are not proud of it. But consider those of Johnson! When they were all 除去するd there was not so very much left. He hated Whigs. He disliked Scotsmen. He detested Nonconformists (a young lady who joined them was "an 嫌悪すべき wench"). He loathed Americans. So he walked his 狭くする line, belching 解雇する／砲火／射撃 and fury at everything to the 権利 or the left of it. Macaulay's posthumous 賞賛 is all very 井戸／弁護士席, but had they met in life Macaulay would have contrived to 部隊 under one hat nearly everything that Johnson abominated.

It cannot be said that these prejudices were 設立するd on any strong 原則, or that they could not be altered where his own personal 利益／興味s 需要・要求するd it. This is one of the weak points of his 記録，記録的な／記録する. In his dictionary he 乱用d 年金s and pensioners as a means by which the 明言する／公表する課すd slavery upon hirelings. When he wrote the unfortunate 鮮明度／定義 a 年金 must have seemed a most improbable contingency, but when George III., either through 政策 or charity, 申し込む／申し出d him one a little later, he made no hesitation in 受託するing it. One would have liked to feel that the violent 表現 of his 有罪の判決s 代表するd a real intensity of feeling, but the facts in this instance seem against it.

He was a 広大な／多数の／重要な talker—but his talk was more 適切に a monologue. It was a discursive essay, with perhaps a few ごくわずかの公式文書，認めるs from his subdued audience. How could one talk on equal 条件 with a man who could not brook contradiction or even argument upon the most 決定的な questions in life? Would Goldsmith defend his literary 見解（をとる）s, or Burke his Whiggism, or Gibbon his Deism? There was no ありふれた ground of philosophic toleration on which one could stand. If he could not argue he would be rude, or, as Goldsmith put it: "If his ピストル行方不明になるd 解雇する／砲火／射撃, he would knock you 負かす／撃墜する with the butt end." In the 直面する of that "rhinoceros laugh" there was an end of gentle argument. Napoleon said that all the other kings would say "Ouf!" when they heard he was dead, and so I cannot help thinking that the older men of Johnson's circle must have given a sigh of 救済 when at last they could speak 自由に on that which was 近づく their hearts, without the danger of a scene where "Why, no, sir!" was very likely to ripen into "Let us have no more on't!" Certainly one would like to get behind Boswell's account, and to hear a 雑談（する） between such men as Burke and Reynolds, as to the difference in the freedom and atmosphere of the Club on an evening when the formidable Doctor was not there, as compared to one when he was.

No smallest 見積（る） of his character is fair which does not make 予定 allowance for the terrible experiences of his 青年 and 早期に middle age. His spirit was as scarred as his 直面する. He was fifty-three when the 年金 was given him, and up to then his 存在 had been spent in one constant struggle for the first necessities of life, for the daily meal and the nightly bed. He had seen his comrades of letters die of actual privation. From childhood he had known no happiness. The half blind gawky 青年, with dirty linen and twitching 四肢s, had always, whether in the streets of Lichfield, the quadrangle of Pembroke, or the coffee- houses of London, been an 反対する of mingled pity and amusement. With a proud and 極度の慎重さを要する soul, every day of his life must have brought some bitter humiliation. Such an experience must either break a man's spirit or embitter it, and here, no 疑問, was the secret of that roughness, that carelessness for the sensibilities of others, which 原因（となる）d Boswell's father to christen him "Ursa Major." If his nature was in any way warped, it must be 認める that terrific 軍隊s had gone to the rending of it. His good was innate, his evil the result of a dreadful experience.

And he had some 広大な／多数の／重要な質s. Memory was the 長，指導者 of them. He had read omnivorously, and all that he had read he remembered, not 単に in the vague, general way in which we remember what we read, but with every particular of place and date. If it were poetry, he could 引用する it by the page, Latin or English. Such a memory has its enormous advantage, but it carries with it its corresponding defect. With the mind so crammed with other people's goods, how can you have room for any fresh 製造（する）s of your own? A 広大な／多数の／重要な memory is, I think, often 致命的な to originality, in spite of Scott and some other exceptions. The 予定する must be （疑いを）晴らす before you put your own 令状ing upon it. When did Johnson ever discover an 初めの thought, when did he ever reach 今後 into the 未来, or throw any fresh light upon those enigmas with which mankind is 直面するd? 積みすぎる with the past, he had space for nothing else. Modern 開発s of every sort cast no first 先触れ（する） rays upon his mind. He 旅行d in フラン a few years before the greatest cataclysm that the world has ever known, and his mind, 逮捕（する）d by much that was trivial, never once 答える／応じるd to the 嵐／襲撃する-signals which must surely have been 明白な around him. We read that an amiable Monsieur Sansterre showed him over his brewery and 供給（する）d him with 統計（学） as to his 生産（高） of beer. It was the same foul-mouthed Sansterre who struck up the 派手に宣伝するs to 溺死する Louis' 発言する／表明する at the scaffold. The 協会 shows how 近づく the unconscious 下落する was to the 辛勝する／優位 of that precipice and how little his learning availed him in discerning it.

He would have been a 広大な／多数の／重要な lawyer or divine. Nothing, one would think, could have kept him from Canterbury or from the Woolsack. In either 事例／患者 his memory, his learning, his dignity, and his inherent sense of piety and 司法（官）, would have sent him straight to the 最高の，を越す. His brain, working within its own 制限s, was remarkable. There is no more wonderful proof of this than his opinions on questions of Scotch 法律, as given to Boswell and as used by the latter before the Scotch 裁判官s. That an 部外者 with no special training should at short notice 令状 such 重大な opinions, crammed with argument and 推論する／理由, is, I think, as remarkable a 小旅行する de 軍隊 as literature can show.

Above all, he really was a very 肉親，親類d-hearted man, and that must count for much. His was a large charity, and it （機の）カム from a small purse. The rooms of his house became a sort of harbour of 避難 in which several strange 乱打するd hulks 設立する their last moorings. There were the blind Mr. Levett, and the acidulous Mrs. Williams, and the colourless Mrs. De Moulins, all old and 病んでいる—a trying group まっただ中に which to spend one's days. His guinea was always ready for the poor 知識, and no poet was so humble that he might not preface his 調書をとる／予約する with a dedication whose ponderous and sonorous 宣告，判決s bore the hall- 示す of their 製造者. It is the rough, kindly man, the man who bore the poor street-walker home upon his shoulders, who makes one forget, or at least 許す, the dogmatic pedantic Doctor of the Club.

There is always to me something of 利益／興味 in the 見解（をとる） which a 広大な／多数の／重要な man takes of old age and death. It is the practical 実験（する） of how far the philosophy of his life has been a sound one. Hume saw death afar, and met it with unostentatious 静める. Johnson's mind flinched from that dread 対抗者. His letters and his talk during his latter years are one long cry of 恐れる. It was not cowardice, for 肉体的に he was one of the most stout-hearted men that ever lived. There were no 限界s to his courage. It was spiritual diffidence, coupled with an actual belief in the 可能性s of the other world, which a more humane and 自由主義の theology has done something to 軟化する. How strange to see him 粘着する so 猛烈に to that crazy 団体／死体, with its gout, its 喘息, its St. Vitus' dance, and its six gallons of dropsy! What could be the attraction of an 存在 where eight hours of every day were spent groaning in a 議長，司会を務める, and sixteen wheezing in a bed? "I would give one of these 脚s," said he, "for another year of life." 非，不，無 the いっそう少なく, when the hour did at last strike, no man could have borne himself with more simple dignity and courage. Say what you will of him, and resent him how you may, you can never open those four grey 容積／容量s without getting some mental 刺激, some 願望（する） for wider reading, some insight into human learning or character, which should leave you a better and a wiser man.

CHAPTER IV

NEXT to my Johnsoniana are my Gibbons—two 版s, if you please, for my old 完全にする one 存在 somewhat crabbed in the print I could not resist getting a 始める，決める of Bury's new six-容積／容量 presentment of the History. In reading that 調書をとる／予約する you don't want to be handicapped in any way. You want fair type, （疑いを）晴らす paper, and a light 容積／容量. You are not to read it lightly, but with some earnestness of 目的 and keenness for knowledge, with a classical atlas at your 肘 and a 公式文書，認める-調書をとる／予約する hard by, taking 平易な行う／開催する／段階s and harking 支援する every now and then to keep your 支配する of the past and to link it up with what follows. There are no thrills in it. You won't be kept out of your bed at night, nor will you forget your 任命s during the day, but you will feel a 確かな sedate 楽しみ in the doing of it, and when it is done you will have 伸び（る）d something which you can never lose —something solid, something 限定された, something that will make you broader and deeper than before.

Were I 非難するd to spend a year upon a 砂漠 island and 許すd only one 調書をとる／予約する for my companion, it is certainly that which I should choose. For consider how enormous is its 範囲, and what food for thought is 含む／封じ込めるd within those 容積／容量s. It covers a thousand years of the world's history, it is 十分な and good and 正確な, its 見地 is 概して philosophic, its style dignified. With our more elastic methods we may consider his manner pompous, but he lived in an age when Johnson's turgid periods had corrupted our literature. For my own part I do not dislike Gibbon's pomposity. A paragraph should be 手段d and sonorous if it 投機・賭けるs to 述べる the 前進する of a Roman legion, or the 審議 of a Greek 上院. You are wafted 上向きs, with this lucid and just spirit by your 味方する支持するing and 教えるing you. Beneath you are warring nations, the 衝突／不一致 of races, the rise and 落ちる of 王朝s, the 衝突 of creeds. Serene you float above them all, and ever as the panorama flows past, the 重大な手段d unemotional 発言する／表明する whispers the true meaning of the scene into your ear.

It is a most mighty story that is told. You begin with a description of the 明言する／公表する of the Roman Empire when the 早期に Caesars were on the 王位, and when it was undisputed mistress of the world. You pass 負かす／撃墜する the line of the Emperors with their strange alternations of greatness and profligacy, descending occasionally to 犯罪の lunacy. When the Empire went rotten it began at the 最高の，を越す, and it took centuries to corrupt the man behind the spear. Neither did a 宗教 of peace 影響する／感情 him much, for, in spite of the 採択 of Christianity, Roman history was still written in 血. The new creed had only 追加するd a fresh 原因（となる） of quarrel and 暴力／激しさ to the many which already 存在するd, and the wars of angry nations were 穏やかな compared to those of excited sectaries.

Then （機の）カム the mighty 急ぐing 勝利，勝つd from without, blowing from the waste places of the world, destroying, confounding, whirling madly through the old order, leaving broken 大混乱 behind it, but finally 洗浄するing and purifying that which was stale and corrupt. A 嵐／襲撃する-centre somewhere in the north of 中国 did suddenly what it may very 井戸／弁護士席 do again. The human 火山 blew its 最高の，を越す off, and Europe was covered by the destructive 破片. The absurd point is that it was not the 征服者／勝利者s who overran the Roman Empire, but it was the terrified 逃亡者／はかないものs, who, like a drove of 殺到d cattle, 失敗d over everything which 閉めだした their way. It was a wild, 劇の time— the time of the 形式 of the modern races of Europe. The nations （機の）カム whirling in out of the north and east like dust-嵐／襲撃するs, and まっただ中に the seeming 大混乱 each was blended with its 隣人 so as to toughen the fibre of the whole. The fickle Gaul got his 安定したing from the Franks, the 安定した Saxon got his touch of refinement from the Norman, the Italian got a fresh 賃貸し（する） of life from the Lombard and the Ostrogoth, the corrupt Greek made way for the manly and earnest Mahommedan. Everywhere one seems to see a 広大な／多数の／重要な手渡す blending the seeds. And so one can now, save only that 移住 has taken the place of war. It does not, for example, take much prophetic 力／強力にする to say that something very 広大な／多数の／重要な is 存在 built up on the other 味方する of the 大西洋. When on an Anglo-Celtic basis you see the Italian, the Hun, and the Scandinavian 存在追加するd, you feel that there is no human 質 which may not be その為に発展させるd.

But to 逆戻りする to Gibbon: the next 行う／開催する／段階 is the flight of Empire from Rome to Byzantium, even as the Anglo-Celtic 力／強力にする might find its centre some day not in London but in Chicago or Toronto. There is the whole strange story of the 高潮，津波 of Mahommedanism from the south, 潜水するing all North Africa, spreading 権利 and left to India on the one 味方する and to Spain on the other, finally washing 権利 over the 塀で囲むs of Byzantium until it, the 防御壁／支持者 of Christianity, became what it is now, the 前進するd European 要塞 of the Moslem. Such is the tremendous narrative covering half the world's known history, which can all be acquired and made part of yourself by the 援助（する） of that humble atlas, pencil, and 公式文書，認める-調書をとる／予約する already recommended.

When all is so 利益／興味ing it is hard to 選ぶ examples, but to me there has always seemed to be something peculiarly impressive in the first 入り口 of a new race on to the 行う／開催する／段階 of history. It has something of the glamour which hangs 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 早期に青年 of a 広大な／多数の／重要な man. You remember how the ロシアのs made their debut—（機の）カム負かす／撃墜する the 広大な／多数の／重要な rivers and appeared at the Bosphorus in two hundred canoes, from which they endeavoured to board the 皇室の galleys. Singular that a thousand years have passed and that the ambition of the ロシアのs is still to carry out the 仕事 at which their 肌-覆う？ ancestors failed. Or the Turks again; you may 解任する the characteristic ferocity with which they opened their career. A handful of them were on some 使節団 to the Emperor. The town was 包囲するd from the landward 味方する by the barbarians, and the Asiatics 得るd leave to take part in a 小競り合い. The first Turk galloped out, 発射 a barbarian with his arrow, and then, lying 負かす／撃墜する beside him, proceeded to suck his 血, which so horrified the man's comrades that they could not be brought to 直面する such uncanny adversaries. So, from opposite 味方するs, those two 広大な／多数の／重要な races arrived at the city which was to be the 要塞／本拠地 of the one and the ambition of the other for so many centuries.

And then, even more 利益／興味ing than the races which arrive are those that disappear. There is something there which 控訴，上告s most powerfully to the imagination. Take, for example, the 運命／宿命 of those Vandals who 征服する／打ち勝つd the north of Africa. They were a German tribe, blue-注目する，もくろむd and flaxen-haired, from somewhere in the Elbe country. Suddenly they, too, were 掴むd with the strange wandering madness which was 疫病／流行性の at the time. Away they went on the line of least 抵抗, which is always from north to south and from east to west. South-west was the course of the Vandals—a course which must have been continued through pure love of adventure, since in the thousands of miles which they 横断するd there were many fair 残り／休憩（する）ing-places, if that were only their 追求（する），探索（する）.

They crossed the south of フラン, 征服する／打ち勝つd Spain, and, finally, the more adventurous passed over into Africa, where they 占領するd the old Roman 州. For two or three 世代s they held it, much as the English 持つ／拘留する India, and their numbers were at the least some hundreds of thousands. Presently the Roman Empire gave one of those flickers which showed that there was still some 解雇する／砲火／射撃の中で the ashes. Belisarius landed in Africa and reconquered the 州. The Vandals were 削減（する） off from the sea and fled inland. Whither did they carry those blue 注目する，もくろむs and that flaxen hair? Were they 皆殺しにするd by the negroes, or did they amalgamate with them? Travellers have brought 支援する stories from the Mountains of the Moon of a Negroid race with light 注目する，もくろむs and hair. Is it possible that here we have some trace of the 消えるd Germans?

It 解任するs the 平行の事例／患者 of the lost 解決／入植地s in Greenland. That also has always seemed to me to be one of the most romantic questions in history—the more so, perhaps, as I have 緊張するd my 注目する，もくろむs to see across the ice-floes the Greenland coast at the point (or 近づく it) where the old "Eyrbyggia" must have stood. That was the Scandinavian city, 設立するd by colonists from アイスランド, which grew to be a かなりの place, so much so that they sent to Denmark for a bishop. That would be in the fourteenth century. The bishop, coming out to his see, 設立する that he was unable to reach it on account of a climatic change which had brought 負かす／撃墜する the ice and filled the 海峡 between アイスランド and Greenland. From that day to this no one has been able to say what has become of these old Scandinavians, who were at the time, be it remembered, the most civilized and 前進するd race in Europe. They may have been 圧倒するd by the Esquimaux, the despised Skroeling—or they may have amalgamated with them—or conceivably they might have held their own. Very little is known yet of that 部分 of the coast. It would be strange if some Nansen or Peary were to つまずく upon the remains of the old 植民地, and find かもしれない in that antiseptic atmosphere a 完全にする mummy of some bygone civilization.

But once more to return to Gibbon. What a mind it must have been which first planned, and then, with the incessant 労働 of twenty years, carried out that enormous work! There was no classical author so little known, no Byzantine historian so diffuse, no monkish chronicle so crabbed, that they were not assimilated and worked into their appropriate place in the 抱擁する枠組み. 広大な／多数の／重要な使用／適用, 広大な／多数の／重要な perseverance, 広大な／多数の／重要な attention to 詳細（に述べる） was needed in all this, but the 珊瑚 polyp has all those 質s, and somehow in the heart of his own 創造 the individuality of the man himself becomes as insignificant and as much overlooked as that of the little creature that builds the 暗礁. A thousand know Gibbon's work for one who cares anything for Gibbon.

And on the whole this is 正当化するd by the facts. Some men are greater than their work. Their work only 代表するs one facet of their character, and there may be a dozen others, all remarkable, and 部隊ing to make one コンビナート／複合体 and unique creature. It was not so with Gibbon. He was a 冷淡な-血d man, with a brain which seemed to have grown at the expense of his heart. I cannot 解任する in his life one generous impulse, one ardent enthusiasm, save for the Classics. His excellent judgment was never clouded by the 煙霧 of human emotion—or, at least, it was such an emotion as was 井戸／弁護士席 under the 支配（する）／統制する of his will. Could anything be more laudable—or いっそう少なく lovable? He abandons his girl at the order of his father, and sums it up that he "sighs as a lover but obeys as a son." The father dies, and he 記録，記録的な／記録するs the fact with the 発言／述べる that "the 涙／ほころびs of a son are seldom 継続している." The terrible spectacle of the French 革命 excited in his mind only a feeling of self-pity because his 退却／保養地 in Switzerland was 侵略するd by the unhappy 難民s, just as a grumpy country gentleman in England might complain that he was annoyed by the trippers. There is a touch of dislike in all the allusions which Boswell makes to Gibbon—often without even について言及するing his 指名する—and one cannot read the 広大な／多数の／重要な historian's life without understanding why.

I should think that few men have been born with the 構成要素 for self-十分な contentment more 完全に within himself than Edward Gibbon. He had every gift which a 広大な／多数の／重要な scholar should have, an insatiable かわき for learning in every form, 巨大な産業, a retentive memory, and that 概して philosophic temperament which enables a man to rise above the 同志／支持者 and to become the impartial critic of human 事件／事情／状勢s. It is true that at the time he was looked upon as 激しく prejudiced in the 事柄 of 宗教的な thought, but his 見解（をとる）s are familiar to modern philosophy, and would shock no susceptibilities in these more 自由主義の (and more virtuous) days. Turn him up in that Encyclopedia, and see what the 最新の word is upon his 論争s. "Upon the famous fifteenth and sixteenth 一時期／支部s it is not necessary to dwell," says the 伝記作家, "because at this time of day no Christian apologist dreams of 否定するing the 相当な truth of any of the more important 主張s of Gibbon. Christians may complain of the 鎮圧 of some circumstances which might 影響（力） the general result, and they must remonstrate against the 不公平な construction of their 事例／患者. But they no longer 辞退する to hear any reasonable 証拠 tending to show that 迫害 was いっそう少なく厳しい than had been once believed, and they have slowly learned that they can afford to 譲歩する the 有効性，効力 of all the 第２位原因（となる）s 割り当てるd by Gibbon and even of others still more discreditable. The fact is, as the historian has again and again 認める, that his account of the 第２位原因（となる）s which 与える／捧げるd to the 進歩 and 設立 of Christianity leaves the question as to the natural or supernatural origin of Christianity 事実上 untouched." This is all very 井戸／弁護士席, but in that 事例／患者 how about the century of 乱用 which has been にわか雨d upon the historian? Some posthumous 陳謝 would seem to be called for.

肉体的に, Gibbon was as small as Johnson was large, but there was a curious affinity in their bodily 病気s. Johnson, as a 青年, was ulcerated and 拷問d by the king's evil, in spite of the 王室の touch. Gibbon gives us a concise but lurid account of his own boyhood.

"I was successively afflicted by lethargies and fevers, by opposite 傾向s to a consumptive and dropsical habit, by a 収縮過程 of my 神経s, a fistula in my 注目する，もくろむ, and the bite of a dog, most 熱心に嫌疑者，容疑者／疑うd of madness. Every practitioner was called to my 援助（する）, the 料金s of the doctors were swelled by the 法案s of the apothecaries and 外科医s. There was a time when I swallowed more physic than food, and my 団体／死体 is still 示すd by the indelible scars of lancets, 問題／発行するs, and caustics."

Such is his melancholy 報告（する）／憶測. The fact is that the England of that day seems to have been very 十分な of that hereditary form of chronic ill-health which we call by the general 指名する of struma. How far the hard-drinking habits in vogue for a century or so before had anything to do with it I cannot say, nor can I trace a 関係 between struma and learning; but one has only to compare this account of Gibbon with Johnson's nervous twitches, his scarred 直面する and his St. Vitus' dance, to realize that these, the two most solid English writers of their 世代, were each 相続人 to the same gruesome 相続物件.

I wonder if there is any picture extant of Gibbon in the character of subaltern in the South Hampshire 民兵? With his small でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる, his 抱擁する長，率いる, his 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, chubby 直面する, and the pretentious uniform, he must have looked a most 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の人物／姿／数字. Never was there so 一連の会議、交渉／完成する a peg in a square 穴を開ける! His father, a man of a very different type, held a （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, and this led to poor Gibbon becoming a 兵士 in spite of himself. War had broken out, the 連隊 was 召集（する）d, and the unfortunate student, to his own utter 狼狽, was kept under 武器 until the 結論 of 敵意s. For three years he was 離婚d from his 調書をとる／予約するs, and loudly and 激しく did he resent it. The South Hampshire 民兵 never saw the enemy, which is perhaps 同様に for them. Even Gibbon himself pokes fun at them; but after three years under canvas it is probable that his men had more 原因（となる） to smile at their 調書をとる／予約する-worm captain than he at his men. His 手渡すの近くにd much more readily on a pen-扱う than on a sword-hilt. In his lament, one of the items is that his 陸軍大佐's example encouraged the daily practice of hard and even 過度の drinking, which gave him the gout. "The loss of so many busy and idle hours were not 補償するd for by any elegant 楽しみ," says he; "and my temper was insensibly soured by the society of rustic officers, who were alike deficient in the knowledge of scholars and the manners of gentlemen." The picture of Gibbon 紅潮／摘発するd with ワイン at the mess-（米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, with these hard-drinking squires around him, must certainly have been a curious one. He 収容する／認めるs, however, that he 設立するなぐさみs 同様に as hardships in his （一定の）期間 of 兵士ing. It made him an Englishman once more, it 改善するd his health, it changed the 現在の of his thoughts. It was even useful to him as an historian. In a celebrated and characteristic 宣告，判決, he says, "The discipline and 進化s of a modern 大隊 gave me a clearer notion of the Phalanx and the Legions, and the captain of the Hampshire Grenadiers has not been useless to the historian of the Roman Empire."

If we don't know all about Gibbon it is not his fault, for he wrote no より小数の than six accounts of his own career, each 異なるing from the other, and all 平等に bad. A man must have more heart and soul than Gibbon to 令状 a good autobiography. It is the most difficult of all human compositions, calling for a mixture of tact, discretion, and frankness which make an almost impossible blend. Gibbon, in spite of his foreign education, was a very typical Englishman in many ways, with the reticence, self- 尊敬（する）・点, and self-consciousness of the race. No British autobiography has ever been frank, and その結果 no British autobiography has ever been good. Trollope's, perhaps, is as good as any that I know, but of all forms of literature it is the one least adapted to the 国家の genius. You could not imagine a British Rousseau, still いっそう少なく a British Benvenuto Cellini. In one way it is to the credit of the race that it should be so. If we do as much evil as our 隣人s we at least have grace enough to be ashamed of it and to 抑える its 出版（物）.

There on the left of Gibbon is my 罰金版 (Lord Braybrooke's) of Pepys' Diary. That is, in truth, the greatest autobiography in our language, and yet it was not deliberately written as such. When Mr. Pepys jotted 負かす／撃墜する from day to day every quaint or mean thought which （機の）カム into his 長，率いる he would have been very much surprised had any one told him that he was doing a work やめる unique in our literature. Yet his involuntary autobiography, 収集するd for some obscure 推論する／理由 or for 私的な言及／関連, but certainly never meant for 出版（物）, is as much the first in that line of literature as Boswell's 調書をとる／予約するの中で biographies or Gibbon's の中で histories.

As a race we are too afraid of giving ourselves away ever to produce a good autobiography. We resent the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of 国家の hypocrisy, and yet of all nations we are the least frank as to our own emotions—特に on 確かな味方するs of them. Those 事件／事情／状勢s of the heart, for example, which are such an 索引 to a man's character, and so profoundly 修正する his life— what space do they fill in any man's autobiography? Perhaps in Gibbon's 事例／患者 the omission 事柄s little, for, save in the instance of his 井戸／弁護士席-controlled passion for the 未来 Madame Neckar, his heart was never an 組織／臓器 which gave him much trouble. The fact is that when the British author tells his own story he tries to make himself respectable, and the more respectable a man is the いっそう少なく利益／興味ing does he become. Rousseau may 証明する himself a maudlin degenerate. Cellini may stand self-罪人／有罪を宣告するd as an amorous ruffian. If they are not respectable they are 完全に human and 利益／興味ing all the same.

The wonderful thing about Mr. Pepys is that a man should 後継する in making himself seem so insignificant when really he must have been a man of かなりの character and attainments. Who would guess it who read all these trivial comments, these 目録s of what he had for dinner, these inane 国内の信用／信任s—all the more 利益／興味ing for their inanity! The 影響 left upon the mind is of some grotesque character in a play, fussy, self-conscious, blustering with women, timid with men, dress-proud, purse-proud, trimming in politics and in 宗教, a garrulous gossip immersed always in trifles. And yet, though this was the day-by-day man, the year-by-year man was a very different person, a 充てるd civil servant, an eloquent orator, an excellent writer, a 有能な musician, and a 熟した scholar who 蓄積するd 3000 容積／容量s—a large 私的な library in those days —and had the public spirit to leave them all to his University. You can 許す old Pepys a good 取引，協定 of his philandering when you remember that he was the only 公式の／役人 of the 海軍 Office who stuck to his 地位，任命する during the worst days of the 疫病／悩ます. He may have been—indeed, he assuredly was —a coward, but the coward who has sense of 義務 enough to 打ち勝つ his cowardice is the most truly 勇敢に立ち向かう of mankind.

But the one amazing thing which will never be explained about Pepys is what on earth induced him to go to the incredible 労働 of 令状ing 負かす／撃墜する in shorthand cipher not only all the trivialities of his life, but even his own very 甚だしい／１２ダース delinquencies which any other man would have been only too glad to forget. The Diary was kept for about ten years, and was abandoned because the 緊張する upon his 注目する，もくろむs of the crabbed shorthand was helping to destroy his sight. I suppose that he became so familiar with it that he wrote it and read it as easily as he did ordinary script. But even so, it was a 抱擁する労働 to 収集する these 調書をとる／予約するs of strange manuscript. Was it an 成果／努力 to leave some 記念の of his own 存在 to 選び出す／独身 him out from all the countless sons of men? In such a 事例／患者 he would assuredly have left directions in somebody's care with a 言及／関連 to it in the 行為 by which he bequeathed his library to Cambridge. In that way he could have 確実にするd having his Diary read at any date he chose to 指名する after his death. But no allusion to it was left, and if it had not been for the ingenuity and perseverance of a 選び出す／独身 scholar the dusty 容積／容量s would still 嘘（をつく） unread in some 最高の，を越す shelf of the Pepysian Library. Publicity, then, was not his 反対する. What could it have been? The only 代案／選択肢 is 言及／関連 and self-（警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）. You will 観察する in his character a curious vein of method and order, by which he loved, to be for ever 見積（る）ing his exact wealth, 目録ing his 調書をとる／予約するs, or scheduling his 所有／入手s. It is 考えられる that this systematic 記録，記録的な／記録するing of his 行為s —even of his misdeeds—was in some sort analogous, sprung from a morbid tidiness of mind. It may be a weak explanation, but it is difficult to 前進する another one.

One minor point which must strike the reader of Pepys is how musical a nation the English of that day appear to have been. Every one seems to have had 命令（する） of some 器具, many of several. Part-singing was ありふれた. There is not much of Charles the Second's days which we need envy, but there, at least, they seem to have had the advantage of us. It was real music, too —music of dignity and tenderness—with words which were worthy of such 治療. This 教団 may have been the last remains of those mediaeval pre-Reformation days when the English Church choirs were, as I have read somewhere, the most famous in Europe. A strange thing this for a land which in the whole of last century has produced no 選び出す／独身 master of the first 階級!

What 国家の change is it which has driven music from the land? Has life become so serious that song has passed out of it? In Southern climes one hears poor folk sing for pure lightness of heart. In England, 式のs, the sound of a poor man's 発言する／表明する raised in song means only too surely that he is drunk. And yet it is consoling to know that the germ of the old 力／強力にするs is always there ready to sprout 前へ／外へ if they be nourished and cultivated. If our cathedral choirs were the best in the old カトリック教徒 days, it is 平等に true, I believe, that our orchestral 協会s are now the best in Europe. So, at least, the German papers said on the occasion of the 最近の visit of a north of England choir. But one cannot read Pepys without knowing that the general musical habit is much いっそう少なく cultivated now than of old.

CHAPTER V

IT is a 走り幅跳び from Samuel Pepys to George Borrow— from one 政治家 of the human character to the other—and yet they are in 接触する on the shelf of my favourite authors. There is something wonderful, I think, about the land of Cornwall. That long 半島延長するing out into the ocean has caught all sorts of strange floating things, and has held them there in 孤立／分離 until they have woven themselves into the texture of the Cornish race. What is this strange 緊張する which lurks 負かす／撃墜する yonder and every now and then throws up a 広大な／多数の／重要な man with singular un-English ways and features for all the world to marvel at? It is not Celtic, nor is it the dark old Iberian. その上の and deeper 嘘（をつく） the springs. Is it not Semitic, Phoenician, the roving men of Tyre, with noble Southern 直面するs and Oriental imaginations, who have in far-off days forgotten their blue Mediterranean and settled on the granite shores of the Northern Sea?

Whence （機の）カム the wonderful 直面する and 広大な／多数の／重要な personality of Henry Irving? How strong, how beautiful, how un-Saxon it was! I only know that his mother was a Cornish woman. Whence （機の）カム the 激しい glowing imagination of the Brontes —so unlike the 行方不明になる- Austen-like 静める of their 前任者s? Again, I only know that their mother was a Cornish woman. Whence （機の）カム this 抱擁する elfin creature, George Borrow, with his eagle 長，率いる perched on his rocklike shoulders, brown-直面するd, white-長，率いるd, a king の中で men? Where did he get that remarkable 直面する, those strange mental gifts, which place him by himself in literature? Once more, his father was a Cornishman. Yes, there is something strange, and weird, and 広大な／多数の／重要な, lurking 負かす／撃墜する yonder in the 広大な／多数の／重要な半島 which juts into the western sea. Borrow may, if he so pleases, call himself an East Anglian—"an English Englishman," as he loved to 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 it —but is it a coincidence that the one East Anglian born of Cornish 血 was the one who showed these strange 質s? The birth was 偶発の. The 質s throw 支援する to the twilight of the world.

There are some authors from whom I 縮む because they are so voluminous that I feel that, do what I may, I can never hope to be 井戸／弁護士席 read in their 作品. Therefore, and very weakly, I 避ける them altogether. There is Balzac, for example, with his hundred 半端物容積／容量s. I am told that some of them are masterpieces and the 残り／休憩（する）マリファナ-boilers, but that no one is agreed which is which. Such an author makes an undue （人命などを）奪う，主張する upon the little （期間が）わたる of mortal years. Because he asks too much one is inclined to give him nothing at all. Dumas, too! I stand on the 辛勝する／優位 of him, and look at that 抱擁する刈る, and content myself with a 見本 here and there. But no one could raise this 反対 to Borrow. A month's reading—even for a leisurely reader —will master all that he has written. There are "Lavengro," "The Bible in Spain," "Romany Rye," and, finally, if you wish to go その上の, "Wild むちの跡s." Only four 調書をとる／予約するs—not much to 設立する a 広大な／多数の／重要な評判 upon —but, then, there are no other four 調書をとる／予約するs やめる like them in the language.

He was a very strange man, bigoted, prejudiced, obstinate, inclined to be sulky, as wayward as a man could be. So far his 目録 of 質s does not seem to 選ぶ him as a 勝利者. But he had one 広大な／多数の／重要な and rare gift. He 保存するd through all his days a sense of the 広大な／多数の／重要な wonder and mystery of life—the child sense which is so quickly dulled. Not only did he 保持する it himself, but he was word-master enough to make other people hark 支援する to it also. As he 令状s you cannot help seeing through his 注目する，もくろむs, and nothing which his 注目する，もくろむs saw or his ear heard was ever dull or commonplace. It was all strange, mystic, with some deeper meaning struggling always to the light. If he chronicled his conversation with a washer-woman there was something 逮捕（する）ing in the words he said, something singular in her reply. If he met a man in a public-house one felt, after reading his account, that one would wish to know more of that man. If he approached a town he saw and made you see—not a collection of commonplace houses or frowsy streets, but something very strange and wonderful, the winding river, the noble 橋（渡しをする）, the old 城, the 影をつくる／尾行するs of the dead. Every human 存在, every 反対する, was not so much a thing in itself, as a symbol and 思い出の品 of the past. He looked through a man at that which the man 代表するd. Was his 指名する Welsh? Then in an instant the individual is forgotten and he is off, dragging you in his train, to 古代の Britons, intrusive Saxons, unheard-of 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業d, Owen Glendower, mountain raiders and a thousand fascinating things. Or is it a Danish 指名する? He leaves the individual in all his modern commonplace while he 飛行機で行くs off to 抱擁する skulls at Hythe (in parenthesis I may 発言／述べる that I have 診察するd the said skulls with some care, and they seemed to me to be rather below the human 普通の／平均（する）), to Vikings, Berserkers, Varangians, Harald Haardraada, and the innate wickedness of the ローマ法王. To Borrow all roads lead to Rome.

But, my word, what English the fellow could 令状! What an 組織／臓器-roll he could get into his 宣告，判決s! How nervous and 決定的な and vivid it all is!

There is music in every line of it if you have been blessed with an ear for the music of prose. Take the 一時期／支部 in "Lavengro" of how the 叫び声をあげるing horror （機の）カム upon his spirit when he was 野営するd in the Dingle. The man who wrote that has caught the true mantle of Bunyan and Defoe. And, 観察する the art of it, under all the 簡単—notice, for example, the curious weird 影響 produced by the 熟考する／考慮するd repetition of the word "dingle" coming ever 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する like the master-公式文書，認める in a chime. Or take the passage about Britain に向かって the end of "The Bible in Spain." I hate 引用するing from these masterpieces, if only for the very selfish 推論する／理由 that my poor setting cannot afford to show up brilliants. 非，不，無 the いっそう少なく, cost what it may, let me transcribe that one noble piece of 情熱的な prose—

"O England! long, long may it be ere the sun of thy glory 沈む beneath the wave of 不明瞭! Though 暗い／優うつな and portentous clouds are now 集会速く around thee, still, still may it please the Almighty to 分散させる them, and to 認める thee a futurity longer in duration and still brighter in renown than thy past! Or, if thy doom be at 手渡す, may that doom be a noble one, and worthy of her who has been styled the Old Queen of the waters! May thou 沈む, if thou dost 沈む, まっただ中に血 and 炎上, with a mighty noise, 原因（となる）ing more than one nation to 参加する in thy downfall! Of all 運命／宿命s, may it please the Lord to 保存する thee from a disgraceful and a slow decay; becoming, ere extinct, a 軽蔑（する） and a mockery for those self-same 敵s who now, though they envy and abhor thee, still 恐れる thee, nay even against their will, honour and 尊敬（する）・点 thee.... 除去する from thee the 誤った prophets, who have seen vanity and divined lies; who have daubed thy 塀で囲む with untempered 迫撃砲, that it may 落ちる; who see 見通しs of peace where there is no peace; who have 強化するd the 手渡すs of the wicked, and made the heart of the righteous sad. Oh, do this, and 恐れる not the result, for either shall thy end be a majestic and an enviable one; or God shall perpetuate thy 統治する upon the waters, thou Old Queen!"

Or take the fight with the 炎上ing Tinman. It's too long for quotation —but read it, read every word of it. Where in the language can you find a stronger, more condensed and more 抑制するd narrative? I have seen with my own 注目する，もくろむs many a noble fight, more than one international 戦う／戦い, where the best of two 広大な／多数の／重要な countries have been pitted against each other —yet the second-手渡す impression of Borrow's description leaves a more vivid remembrance upon my mind than any of them. This is the real witchcraft of letters.

He was a 広大な／多数の／重要な闘士，戦闘機 himself. He has left a 安全な・保証する評判 in other than literary circles—circles which would have been amazed to learn that he was a writer of 調書をとる／予約するs. With his natural advantages, his six foot three of 高さ and his staglike agility, he could hardly fail to be formidable. But he was a 科学の sparrer 同様に, though he had, I have been told, a curious sprawling fashion of his own. And how his heart was in it—how he loved the fighting men! You remember his thumb-nail sketches of his heroes. If you don't I must 引用する one, and if you do you will be glad to read it again—

"There's Cribb, the 支持する／優勝者 of England, and perhaps the best man in England; there he is, with his 抱擁する, 大規模な人物／姿／数字, and 直面する wonderfully like that of a lion. There is Belcher, the younger, not the mighty one, who is gone to his place, but the Teucer Belcher, the most 科学の pugilist that ever entered a （犯罪の）一味, only wanting strength to be I won't say what. He appears to walk before me now, as he did that evening, with his white hat, white 広大な／多数の／重要な coat, thin genteel 人物／姿／数字, springy step, and keen 決定するd 注目する，もくろむ. Crosses him, what a contrast! Grim, savage Shelton, who has a civil word for nobody, and a hard blow for anybody. Hard! One blow given with the proper play of his 運動競技の arm will unsense a 巨大（な）. Yonder individual, who strolls about with his 手渡すs behind him, supporting his brown coat lappets, undersized, and who looks anything but what he is, is the king of the light-負わせるs, いわゆる—Randall! The terrible Randall, who has Irish 血 in his veins; not the better for that, nor the worse; and not far from him is his last antagonist, Ned Turner, who, though beaten by him, still thinks himself as good a man, in which he is, perhaps, 権利, for it was a 近づく thing. But how shall I 指名する them all? They were there by dozens, and all tremendous in their way. There was Bulldog Hudson, and fearless Scroggins, who （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域 the 征服者／勝利者 of Sam the Jew. There was 黒人／ボイコット Richmond—no, he was not there, but I knew him 井戸／弁護士席; he was the most dangerous of 黒人／ボイコットs, even with a broken thigh. There was Purcell, who could never 征服する／打ち勝つ until all seemed over with him. There was—what! shall I 指名する thee last? Ay, why not? I believe that thou art the last of all that strong family still above the sod, where mayst thou long continue—true piece of English stuff—Tom of Bedford. あられ／賞賛する to thee, Tom of Bedford, or by whatever 指名する it may please thee to be called, Spring or Winter! あられ／賞賛する to thee, six-foot Englishman of the brown 注目する，もくろむ, worthy to have carried a six-foot 屈服する at Flodden, where England's yeomen 勝利d over Scotland's King, his 一族／派閥s and chivalry. あられ／賞賛する to thee, last of English bruisers, after all the many victories which thou hast 達成するd—true English victories, unbought by yellow gold."

Those are words from the heart. Long may it be before we lose the fighting 血 which has come to us from of old! In a world of peace we shall at last be able to root it from our natures. In a world which is 武装した to the teeth it is the last and only 保証（人） of our 未来. Neither our numbers, nor our wealth, nor the waters which guard us can 持つ／拘留する us 安全な if once the old アイロンをかける passes from our spirit. Barbarous, perhaps—but there are 可能性s for 野蛮／未開, and 非，不，無 in this wide world for effeminacy.

Borrow's 見解（をとる）s of literature and of literary men were curious. Publisher and brother author, he hated them with a 罰金包括的な憎悪. In all his 調書をとる／予約するs I cannot 解任する a word of commendation to any living writer, nor has he posthumous 賞賛する for those of the 世代すぐに先行する. Southey, indeed, he commends with what most would regard as 誇張するd warmth, but for the 残り／休憩（する） he who lived when Dickens, Thackeray, and Tennyson were all in their glorious prime, looks fixedly past them at some obscure Dane or forgotten Welshman. The 推論する／理由 was, I 推定する／予想する, that his proud soul was 激しく負傷させるd by his own 早期に失敗s and slow 承認. He knew himself to be a 長，指導者 in the 一族／派閥, and when the 一族／派閥注意するd him not he withdrew in haughty disdain. Look at his proud, 極度の慎重さを要する直面する and you 持つ／拘留する the 重要な to his life.

Harking 支援する and talking of pugilism, I 解任する an 出来事/事件 which gave me 楽しみ. A friend of 地雷 read a pugilistic novel called "Rodney 石／投石する" to a famous Australian prize-闘士，戦闘機, stretched upon a bed of mortal sickness. The dying gladiator listened with 意図利益／興味 but keen, professional 批評 to the 戦闘s of the novel. The reader had got to the point where the young amateur fights the 残虐な Berks. Berks is winded, but 持つ／拘留するs his adversary off with a stiff left arm. The amateur's second in the story, an old prize-闘士，戦闘機, shouts some advice to him as to how to を取り引きする the 状況／情勢. "That's 権利. By—-he's got him!" yelled the stricken man in the bed. Who cares for critics after that?

You can see my own devotion to the （犯罪の）一味 in that trio of brown 容積／容量s which stand, 適切な enough, upon the 側面に位置する of Borrow. They are the three 容積／容量s of "Pugilistica," given me years ago by my old friend, Robert Barr, a 地雷 in which you can never 選ぶ for half an hour without striking it rich. 式のs! for the horrible slang of those days, the vapid witless Corinthian talk, with its ogles and its fogles, its pointless jokes, its maddening habit of italicizing a word or two in every 宣告，判決. Even these 厳しい and desperate 遭遇（する）s, fit sports for the men of Albuera and Waterloo, become dull and vulgar, in that dreadful jargon. You have to tum to Hazlitt's account of the 遭遇（する） between the Gasman and the Bristol Bull, to feel the savage strength of it all. It is a 常習的な reader who does not wince even in print before that frightful 権利-hander which felled the 巨大（な）, and left him in "red 廃虚" from eyebrow to jaw. But even if there be no Hazlitt 現在の to 述べる such a 戦闘 it is a poor imagination which is not 解雇する／砲火／射撃d by the 行為s of the humble heroes who lived once so vividly upon earth, and now only 控訴，上告 to faithful ones in these little-read pages. They were picturesque creatures, men of 広大な／多数の／重要な軍隊 of character and will, who reached the 限界s of human bravery and endurance. There is Jackson on the cover, gold upon brown, "gentleman Jackson," Jackson of the balustrade calf and the noble 長，率いる, who wrote his 指名する with an 88-続けざまに猛撃する負わせる dangling from his little finger.

"I can see him now as I saw him in '84 walking 負かす／撃墜する Holborn Hill, に向かって Smithfield. He had on a scarlet coat worked in gold at the buttonholes, ruffles and frill of 罰金 lace, a small white 在庫／株, no collar (they were not then invented), a 宙返り飛行d hat with a 幅の広い黒人／ボイコット禁止（する）d, buff 膝-breeches and long silk strings, （土地などの）細長い一片d white silk stockings, pumps and paste buckles; his waistcoat was pale blue satin, sprigged with white. It was impossible to look on his 罰金 ample chest, his noble shoulders, his waist (if anything too small), his large but not too large hips, his balustrade calf and beautifully turned but not over delicate ankle, his 会社／堅い foot and peculiarly small 手渡す, without thinking that nature had sent him on earth as a model. On he went at a good five miles and a half an hour, the envy of all men and the 賞賛 of all women."

Now, that is a 差別するing portrait—a portrait which really helps you to see that which the writer 始める，決めるs out to 述べる. After reading it one can understand why even in reminiscent 冒険的な descriptions of those old days, まっただ中に all the Tonis and 法案s and Jacks, it is always Mr. John Jackson. He was the friend and 指導者 of Byron and of half the 血s in town. Jackson it was who, in the heat of 戦闘, 掴むd the Jew Mendoza by the hair, and so 確実にするd that the pugs for ever afterwards should be a の近くに-cropped race. Inside you see the square 直面する of old Broughton, the 最高の fighting man of the eighteenth century, the man whose humble ambition it was to begin with the pivot man of the Prussian Guard, and work his way through the 連隊. He had a chronicler, the good Captain Godfrey, who has written some English which would take some （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域ing. How about this passage?—

"He stops as 定期的に as the swordsman, and carries his blows truly in the line; he steps not 支援する不信ing of himself, to stop a blow, and puddle in the return, with an arm unaided by his 団体／死体, producing but 飛行機で行く-flap blows. No! Broughton steps boldly and 堅固に in, 企て，努力，提案s a welcome to the coming blow; receives it with his 後見人 arm; then, with a general 召喚するs of his swelling muscles, and his 会社／堅い団体／死体 seconding his arm, and 供給（する）ing it with all its 負わせる, 注ぐs the pile-運動ing 軍隊 upon his man."

One would like a little more from the gallant Captain. Poor Broughton! He fought once too often. "Why, damn you, you're （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域!" cried the 王室の Duke. "Not （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域, your highness, but I can't see my man!" cried the blinded old hero. 式のs, there is the 悲劇 of the （犯罪の）一味 as it is of life! The wave of 青年殺到するs ever 上向きs, and the wave that went before is swept sobbing on to the shingle. "青年 will be served," said the terse old pugs. But what so sad as the downfall of the old 支持する／優勝者! Wise Tom Spring—Tom of Bedford, as Borrow calls him—had the wit to leave the （犯罪の）一味 unconquered in the prime of his fame. Cribb also stood out as a 支持する／優勝者. But Broughton, Slack, Belcher, and the 残り／休憩（する）—their end was one ありふれた悲劇.

The latter days of the fighting men were often curious and 予期しない, though as a 支配する they were short-lived, for the alternation of the 超過 of their normal 存在 and the asceticism of their training 土台を崩すd their 憲法. Their 人気の中で both men and women was their undoing, and the king of the （犯罪の）一味 went 負かす／撃墜する at last before that deadliest of light-負わせるs, the microbe of tubercle, or some 平等に致命的な and perhaps いっそう少なく reputable bacillus. The crockiest of 観客s had a better chance of life than the magnificent young 競技者 whom he had come to admire. Jem Belcher died at 30, Hooper at 31, Pearce, the Game Chicken, at 32, Turner at 35, Hudson at 38, Randall, the Nonpareil, at 34. Occasionally, when they did reach 円熟した age, their lives took the strangest turns. Gully, as is 井戸／弁護士席 known, became a 豊富な man, and Member for Pontefract in the 改革（する）議会. Humphries developed into a successful coal merchant. Jack ツバメ became a 納得させるd teetotaller and vegetarian. Jem 区, the 黒人／ボイコット Diamond, developed かなりの力／強力にするs as an artist. Cribb, Spring, Langan, and many others, were successful publicans. Strangest of all, perhaps, was Broughton, who spent his old age haunting every sale of old pictures and bric-a-brac. One who saw him has 記録，記録的な／記録するd his impression of the silent old gentleman, 覆う？ in old-fashioned garb, with his 目録 in his 手渡す—Broughton, once the terror of England, and now the 害のない and gentle collector.

Many of them, as was but natural, died violent deaths, some by 事故 and a few by their own 手渡すs. No man of the first class ever died in the （犯罪の）一味. The nearest approach to it was the singular and mournful 運命／宿命 which befell Simon Byrne, the 勇敢に立ち向かう Irishman, who had the misfortune to 原因（となる） the death of his antagonist, Angus Mackay, and afterwards met his own end at the 手渡すs of Deaf Burke. Neither Byrne nor Mackay could, however, be said to be boxers of the very first 階級. It certainly would appear, if we may argue from the prize-（犯罪の）一味, that the human machine becomes more delicate and is more 極度の慎重さを要する to jar or shock. In the 早期に days a 致命的な end to a fight was exceedingly rare. 徐々に such 悲劇s became rather more ありふれた, until now even with the gloves they have shocked us by their frequency, and we feel that the rude play of our forefathers is indeed too rough for a more 高度に組織するd 世代. Still, it may help us to （疑いを）晴らす our minds of cant if we remember that within two or three years the 追跡（する）ing-field and the steeple-chase （人命などを）奪う，主張する more 犠牲者s than the prize-（犯罪の）一味 has done in two centuries.

Many of these men had served their country 井戸／弁護士席 with that strength and courage which brought them fame. Cribb was, if I mistake not, in the 王室の海軍. So was the terrible dwarf Scroggins, all chest and shoulders, whose springing 攻撃する，衝突するs for many a year carried all before them until the canny Welshman, Ned Turner, stopped his career, only to be stopped in turn by the brilliant Irishman, Jack Randall. Shaw, who stood high の中で the 激しい-負わせるs, was 削減（する） to pieces by the French Cuirassiers in the first 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 at Waterloo. The 残虐な Berks died 大いに in the 違反 of Badajos. The lives of these men stood for something, and that was just the one 最高の thing which the times called for—an unflinching endurance which could 耐える up against a world in 武器. Look at Jem Belcher—beautiful, heroic Jem, a manlier Byron—but there, this is not an essay on the old prize-（犯罪の）一味, and one man's lore is another man's bore. Let us pass those three low-負かす／撃墜する, 正統化できない, fascinating 容積／容量s, and on to nobler topics beyond!

CHAPTER VI

WHICH are the 広大な／多数の／重要な short stories of the English language? Not a bad basis for a 審議! This I am sure of: that there are far より小数の supremely good short stories than there are supremely good long 調書をとる／予約するs. It takes more exquisite 技術 to carve the cameo than the statue. But the strangest thing is that the two excellences seem to be separate and even antagonistic. 技術 in the one by no means 確実にするs 技術 in the other. The 広大な／多数の／重要な masters of our literature, Fielding, Scott, Dickens, Thackeray, Reade, have left no 選び出す／独身 short story of 優れた長所 behind them, with the possible exception of Wandering Willie's Tale in "Red Gauntlet." On the other 手渡す, men who have been very 広大な／多数の／重要な in the short story, Stevenson, Poe, and Bret Harte, have written no 広大な／多数の／重要な調書をとる／予約する. The 支持する／優勝者（短距離で）速く走る人 is seldom a five- miler 同様に.

井戸／弁護士席, now, if you had to choose your team whom would you put in? You have not really a large choice. What are the points by which you 裁判官 them? You want strength, novelty, compactness, intensity of 利益／興味, a 選び出す／独身 vivid impression left upon the mind. Poe is the master of all. I may 発言／述べる by the way that it is the sight of his green cover, the next in order upon my favourite shelf, which has started this train of thought. Poe is, to my mind, the 最高の初めの short story writer of all time. His brain was like a seed-pod 十分な of seeds which flew carelessly around, and from which have sprung nearly all our modern types of story. Just think of what he did in his offhand, prodigal fashion, seldom troubling to repeat a success, but 押し進めるing on to some new 業績／成就. To him must be ascribed the monstrous progeny of writers on the （犯罪，病気などの）発見 of 罪，犯罪—"定足数 pars parva fui!" Each may find some little 開発 of his own, but his main art must trace 支援する to those admirable stories of Monsieur Dupin, so wonderful in their masterful 軍隊, their reticence, their quick 劇の point. After all, mental acuteness is the one 質 which can be ascribed to the ideal 探偵，刑事, and when that has once been admirably done, 後継するing writers must やむを得ず be content for all time to follow in the same main 跡をつける. But not only is Poe the originator of the 探偵，刑事 story; all treasure-追跡（する）ing, cryptogram-solving yarns trace 支援する to his "Gold Bug," just as all pseudo-科学の Verne-and-井戸／弁護士席s stories have their 原型s in the "Voyage to the Moon," and the "事例／患者 of Monsieur Valdemar." If every man who receives a cheque for a story which 借りがあるs its springs to Poe were to 支払う／賃金 tithe to a monument for the master, he would have a pyramid as big as that of Cheops.

And yet I could only give him two places in my team. One would be for the "Gold Bug," the other for the "殺人 in the Rue Morgue." I do not see how either of those could be bettered. But I would not 収容する／認める perfect excellence to any other of his stories. These two have a 割合 and a 視野 which are 欠如（する）ing in the others, the horror or weirdness of the idea 強めるd by the coolness of the 語り手 and of the 主要な／長／主犯 actor, Dupin in the one 事例／患者 and Le Grand in the other. The same may be said of Bret Harte, also one of those 広大な／多数の／重要な short story tellers who 証明するd himself incapable of a longer flight. He was always like one of his own gold-鉱夫s who struck a rich pocket, but 設立する no continuous 暗礁. The pocket was, 式のs, a very 限られた／立憲的な one, but the gold was of the best. "The Luck of Roaring （軍の）野営地，陣営" and "Tennessee's Partner" are both, I think, worthy of a place の中で my immortals. They are, it is true, so tinged with Dickens as to be almost parodies of the master, but they have a symmetry and 満足させるing completeness as short stories to which Dickens himself never 達成するd. The man who can read those two stories without a gulp in the throat is not a man I envy.

And Stevenson? Surely he shall have two places also, for where is a finer sense of what the short story can do? He wrote, in my judgment, two masterpieces in his life, and each of them is essentially a short story, though the one happened to be published as a 容積／容量. The one is "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," which, whether you take it as a vivid narrative or as a wonderfully 深い and true allegory, is a supremely 罰金 bit of work. The other story of my choice would be "The Pavilion on the Links"—the very model of 劇の narrative. That story stamped itself so 明確に on my brain when I read it in Cornhill that when I （機の）カム across it again many years afterwards in 容積／容量 form, I was able 即時に to 認める two small modifications of the text—each very much for the worse—from the 初めの form. They were small things, but they seemed somehow like a 半導体素子 on a perfect statue. Surely it is only a very 罰金 work, of art which could leave so 限定された an impression as that. Of course, there are a dozen other of his stories which would put the 普通の／平均（する） writer's best work to shame, all with the strange Stevenson glamour upon them, of which I may discourse later, but only to those two would I be 性質の／したい気がして to 収容する／認める that 完全にする excellence which would pass them into such a team as this.

And who else? If it be not an impertinence to について言及する a 同時代の, I should certainly have a を締める from Rudyard Kipling. His 力／強力にする, his compression, his 劇の sense, his way of glowing suddenly into a vivid 炎上, all 示す him as a 広大な／多数の／重要な master. But which are we to choose from that long and 変化させるd collection, many of which have （人命などを）奪う，主張するs to the highest? Speaking from memory, I should say that the stories of his which have impressed me most are "The 派手に宣伝するs of the Fore and Aft," "The Man who Would be King," "The Man who Was," and "The Brushwood Boy." Perhaps, on the whole, it is the first two which I should choose to 追加する to my 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of masterpieces.

They are stories which 招待する批評 and yet 反抗する it. The 広大な／多数の／重要な batsman at cricket is the man who can play an unorthodox game, take every liberty which is 否定するd to inferior players, and yet 後継する brilliantly in the 直面する of his 無視（する） of 法律. So it is here. I should think the model of these stories is the most dangerous that any young writer could follow. There is digression, that most deadly fault in the short narrative; there is incoherence, there is want of 割合 which makes the story stand still for pages and bound 今後 in a few 宣告，判決s. But genius 無視／無効s all that, just as the 広大な／多数の／重要な cricketer hooks the off ball and glides the straight one to 脚. There is a dash, an exuberance, a 十分な-血d, 確信して mastery which carries everything before it. Yes, no team of immortals would be 完全にする which did not 含む／封じ込める at least two 代表者／国会議員s of Kipling.

And now whom? Nathaniel Hawthorne never 控訴，上告d in the highest degree to me. The fault, I am sure, is my own, but I always seemed to crave stronger fare than he gave me. It was too subtle, too elusive, for 影響. Indeed, I have been more 影響する／感情d by some of the short work of his son Julian, though I can やめる understand the high artistic （人命などを）奪う，主張するs which the 上級の writer has, and the delicate charm of his style. There is Bulwer Lytton as a claimant. His "Haunted and the Haunters" is the very best ghost story that I know. As such I should 含む it in my 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）. There was a story, too, in one of the old Blackwoods—"Metempsychosis" it was called, which left so 深い an impression upon my mind that I should be inclined, though it is many years since I read it, to number it with the best. Another story which has the 特徴 of 広大な／多数の／重要な work is 認める Allen's "John Creedy." So good a story upon so philosophic a basis deserves a place の中で the best. There is some first- class work to be 選ぶd also from the 同時代の work of 井戸／弁護士席s and of Quiller-Couch which reaches a high 基準. One little sketch—"Old Oeson" in "Noughts and Crosses"—is, in my opinion, as good as anything of the 肉親，親類d which I have ever read.

And all this didactic talk comes from looking at that old green cover of Poe. I am sure that if I had to 指名する the few 調書をとる／予約するs which have really 影響（力）d my own life I should have to put this one second only to Macaulay's Essays. I read it young when my mind was plastic. It 刺激するd my imagination and 始める，決める before me a 最高の example of dignity and 軍隊 in the methods of telling a story. It is not altogether a healthy 影響（力）, perhaps. It turns the thoughts too 強制的に to the morbid and the strange.

He was a saturnine creature, devoid of humour and geniality, with a love for the grotesque and the terrible. The reader must himself furnish the 中和する／阻止するing 質s or Poe may become a dangerous comrade. We know along what perilous 跡をつけるs and into what deadly quagmires his strange mind led him, 負かす／撃墜する to that grey October Sunday morning when he was 選ぶd up, a dying man, on the 味方する-walk at Baltimore, at an age which should have seen him at the very prime of his strength and his manhood.

I have said that I look upon Poe as the world's 最高の short story writer. His nearest 競争相手, I should say, was Maupassant. The 広大な／多数の／重要な Norman never rose to the extreme 軍隊 and originality of the American, but he had a natural 相続するd 力／強力にする, an inborn instinct に向かって the 権利 way of making his 影響s, which 示す him as a 広大な／多数の／重要な master. He produced stories because it was in him to do so, as 自然に and as perfectly as an apple tree produces apples. What a 罰金, 極度の慎重さを要する, artistic touch it is! How easily and delicately the points are made! How （疑いを）晴らす and nervous is his style, and how 解放する／自由な from that redundancy which disfigures so much of our English work! He pares it 負かす／撃墜する to the quick all the time.

I cannot 令状 the 指名する of Maupassant without 解任するing what was either a spiritual interposition or an 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の coincidence in my own life. I had been travelling in Switzerland and had visited, の中で other places, that Gemmi Pass, where a 抱擁する cliff separates a French from a German canton. On the 首脳会議 of this cliff was a small inn, where we broke our 旅行. It was explained to us that, although the inn was 住むd all the year 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, still for about three months in winter it was utterly 孤立するd, because it could at any time only be approached by winding paths on the mountain 味方する, and when these became obliterated by snow it was impossible either to come up or to descend. They could see the lights in the valley beneath them, but were as lonely as if they lived in the moon. So curious a 状況／情勢自然に控訴，上告d to one's imagination, and I speedily began to build up a short story in my own mind, depending upon a group of strong antagonistic characters 存在 penned up in this inn, loathing each other and yet utterly unable to get away from each other's society, every day bringing them nearer to 悲劇. For a week or so, as I travelled, I was turning over the idea.

At the end of that time I returned through フラン. Having nothing to read I happened to buy a 容積／容量 of Maupassant's Tales which I had never seen before. The first story was called "L'Auberge" (The Inn)—and as I ran my 注目する，もくろむ負かす／撃墜する the printed page I was amazed to see the two words, "Kandersteg" and "Gemmi Pass." I settled 負かす／撃墜する and read it with ever-growing amazement. The scene was laid in the inn I had visited. The 陰謀（を企てる） depended on the 孤立／分離 of a group of people through the 降雪. Everything that I imagined was there, save that Maupassant had brought in a savage hound.

Of course, the genesis of the thing is （疑いを）晴らす enough. He had chanced to visit the inn, and had been impressed as I had been by the same train of thought. All that is やめる intelligible. But what is perfectly marvellous is that in that short 旅行 I should have chanced to buy the one 調書をとる／予約する in all the world which would 妨げる me from making a public fool of myself, for who would ever have believed that my work was not an imitation? I do not think that the hypothesis of coincidence can cover the facts. It is one of several 出来事/事件s in my life which have 納得させるd me of spiritual interposition —of the promptings of some beneficent 軍隊 outside ourselves, which tries to help us where it can. The old カトリック教徒 doctrine of the 後見人 Angel is not only a beautiful one, but has in it, I believe, a real basis of truth.

Or is it that our subliminal ego, to use the jargon of the new psychology, or our astral, in the 条件 of the new theology, can learn and 伝える to the mind that which our own known senses are unable to apprehend? But that is too long a 味方する跡をつける for us to turn 負かす／撃墜する it.

When Maupassant chose he could run Poe の近くに in that domain of the strange and weird which the American had made so 完全に his own. Have you read Maupassant's story called "Le Horla"? That is as good a bit of diablerie as you could wish for. And the Frenchman has, of course, far the broader 範囲. He has a keen sense of humour, breaking out beyond all decorum in some of his stories, but giving a pleasant sub-flavour to all of them. And yet, when all is said, who can 疑問 that the 厳格な，質素な and dreadful American is far the greater and more 初めの mind of the two?

Talking of weird American stories, have you ever read any of the 作品 of Ambrose Bierce? I have one of his 作品 there, "In the 中央 of Life." This man had a flavour やめる his own, and was a 広大な／多数の／重要な artist in his way. It is not 元気づける reading, but it leaves its 示す upon you, and that is the proof of good work.

I have often wondered where Poe got his style. There is a sombre majesty about his best work, as if it were carved from polished jet, which is peculiarly his own. I dare say if I took 負かす／撃墜する that 容積／容量 I could light anywhere upon a paragraph which would show you what I mean. This is the 肉親，親類d of thing—

"Now there are 罰金 tales in the 容積／容量s of the Magi—in the アイロンをかける-bound melancholy 容積／容量s of the Magi. Therein, I say, are glorious histories of the heaven and of the earth, and of the mighty sea—and of the genius that overruled the sea, and the earth, and the lofty heaven. There were much lore, too, in the 説s which were said by the Sybils, and 宗教上の, 宗教上の things were heard of old by the 薄暗い leaves which trembled 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Dodona, but as Allah liveth, that fable which the Demon told me as he sat by my 味方する in the 影をつくる／尾行する of the tomb, I 持つ／拘留する to be the most wonderful of all." Or this 宣告，判決: "And then did we, the seven, start from our seats in horror, and stand trembling and aghast, for the トンs in the 発言する／表明する of the 影をつくる／尾行する were not the トンs of any one 存在, but of a multitude of 存在s, and, 変化させるing in their cadences from syllable to syllable, fell duskily upon our ears in the 井戸／弁護士席-remembered and familiar accents of many thousand 出発／死d friends."

Is there not a sense of 厳格な，質素な dignity? No man invents a style. It always derives 支援する from some 影響（力）, or, as is more usual, it is a 妥協 between several 影響（力）s. I cannot trace Poe's. And yet if Hazlitt and De Quincey had 始める，決める前へ／外へ to tell weird stories they might have developed something of the 肉親，親類d.

Now, by your leave, we will pass on to my noble 版 of "The Cloister and the Hearth," the next 容積／容量 on the left.

I notice, in ちらりと見ることing over my rambling 発言／述べるs, that I classed "Ivanhoe" as the second historical novel of the century. I dare say there are many who would give "Esmond" the first place, and I can やめる understand their position, although it is not my own. I 認める the beauty of the style, the consistency of the character-製図／抽選, the 絶対 perfect Queen Anne atmosphere. There was never an historical novel written by a man who knew his period so 完全に. But, 広大な／多数の／重要な as these virtues are, they are not the 必須の in a novel. The 必須の in a novel is 利益／興味, though Addison unkindly 発言／述べるd that the real 必須の was that the pastrycooks should never run short of paper. Now "Esmond" is, in my opinion, exceedingly 利益／興味ing during the （選挙などの）運動をするs in the Lowlands, and when our Machiavelian hero, the Duke, comes in, and also whenever Lord Mohun shows his ill-omened 直面する; but there are long stretches of the story which are 激しい reading. A pre-eminently good novel must always 前進する and never 示す time. "Ivanhoe" never 停止（させる）s for an instant, and that just makes its 優越 as a novel over "Esmond," though as a piece of literature I think the latter is the more perfect.

No, if I had three 投票（する）s, I should plump them all for "The Cloister and the Hearth," as 存在 our greatest historical novel, and, indeed, as 存在 our greatest novel of any sort. I think I may （人命などを）奪う，主張する to have read most of the more famous foreign novels of last century, and (speaking only for myself and within the 限界s of my reading) I have been more impressed by that 調書をとる／予約する of Reade's and by Tolstoi's "Peace and War" than by any others. They seem to me to stand at the very 最高の，を越す of the century's fiction. There is a 確かな resemblance in the two—the sense of space, the number of 人物／姿／数字s, the way in which characters 減少（する） in and 減少（する） out. The Englishman is the more romantic. The ロシアの is the more real and earnest. But they are both 広大な／多数の／重要な.

Think of what Reade does in that one 調書をとる／予約する. He takes the reader by the 手渡す, and he leads him away into the Middle Ages, and not a 従来の熟考する／考慮する-built Middle Age, but a period quivering with life, 十分な of folk who are as human and real as a 'bus-負担 in Oxford Street. He takes him through Holland, he shows him the painters, the dykes, the life. He leads him 負かす／撃墜する the long line of the Rhine, the spinal 骨髄 of Mediaeval Europe. He shows him the 夜明け of printing, the beginnings of freedom, the life of the 広大な／多数の／重要な商業の cities of South Germany, the 明言する／公表する of Italy, the artist-life of Rome, the monastic 会・原則s on the eve of the Reformation. And all this between the covers of one 調書をとる／予約する, so 自然に introduced, too, and told with such vividness and spirit. Apart from the 抱擁する範囲 of it, the mere 熟考する／考慮する of Gerard's own nature, his rise, his 落ちる, his regeneration, the whole pitiable 悲劇 at the end, make the 調書をとる／予約する a 広大な／多数の／重要な one. It 含む／封じ込めるs, I think, a blending of knowledge with imagination, which makes it stand alone in our literature. Let any one read the "Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini," and then Charles Reade's picture of Mediaeval Roman life, if he wishes to 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる the way in which Reade has collected his rough 鉱石 and has then smelted it all 負かす／撃墜する in his fiery imagination. It is a good thing to have the 産業 to collect facts. It is a greater and a rarer one to have the tact to know how to use them when you have got them. To be exact without pedantry, and 徹底的な without 存在 dull, that should be the ideal of the writer of historical romance.

Reade is one of the most perplexing 人物／姿／数字s in our literature. Never was there a man so hard to place. At his best he is the best we have. At his worst he is below the level of Surreyside melodrama. But his best have weak pieces, and his worst have good. There is always silk の中で his cotton, and cotton の中で his silk. But, for all his 欠陥s, the man who, in 新規加入 to the 広大な／多数の／重要な調書をとる／予約する, of which I have already spoken, wrote "It is Never Too Late to Mend," "Hard Cash," "Foul Play," and "Griffith Gaunt," must always stand in the very first 階級 of our 小説家s.

There is a 質 of heart about his work which I 認める nowhere else. He so 絶対 loves his own heroes and ヘロインs, while he so cordially detests his own villains, that he sweeps your emotions along with his own. No one has ever spoken 温かく enough of the humanity and the lovability of his women. It is a rare gift—very rare for a man—this 力／強力にする of 製図／抽選 a human and delightful girl. If there is a better one in nineteenth-century fiction than Julia Dodd I have never had the 楽しみ of 会合 her. A man who could draw a character so delicate and so delightful, and yet could 令状 such an episode as that of the Robber Inn in "The Cloister and the Hearth," adventurous romance in its highest form, has such a 範囲 of 力／強力にする as is 認めるd to few men. My hat is always ready to come off to Charles Reade.

CHAPTER VII

IT is good to have the 魔法 door shut behind us. On the other 味方する of that door are the world and its troubles, hopes and 恐れるs, 頭痛s and heartaches, ambitions and 失望s; but within, as you 嘘（をつく）支援する on the green settee, and 直面する the long lines of your silent soothing comrades, there is only peace of spirit and 残り／休憩（する） of mind in the company of the 広大な／多数の／重要な dead. Learn to love, learn to admire them; learn to know what their comradeship means; for until you have done so the greatest solace and anodyne God has given to man have not yet shed their blessing upon you. Here behind this 魔法 door is the 残り／休憩（する） house, where you may forget the past, enjoy the 現在の, and 準備する for the 未来.

You who have sat with me before upon the green settee are familiar with the upper shelf, with the tattered Macaulay, the dapper Gibbon, the 淡褐色 Boswell, the olive-green Scott, the pied Borrow, and all the goodly company who rub shoulders yonder. By the way, how one wishes that one's dear friends would only be friends also with each other. Why should Borrow snarl so churlishly at Scott? One would have thought that noble spirit and romantic fancy would have charmed the 抱擁する浮浪者, and yet there is no word too bitter for the younger man to use に向かって the 年上の. The fact is that Borrow had one dangerous ウイルス in him—a 毒（薬） which distorts the whole 見通し—for he was a bigoted sectarian in 宗教, seeing no virtue outside his own 解釈／通訳 of the 広大な／多数の／重要な riddle. Downright heathendom, the 血-stained Berserk or the chaunting Druid, 控訴，上告d to his mind through his imagination, but the man of his own creed and time who 異なるd from him in minutiae of ritual, or in the 解釈／通訳 of mystic passages, was at once evil to the bone, and he had no charity of any sort for such a person. Scott therefore, with his reverent regard for old usages, became at once hateful in his 注目する，もくろむs. In any 事例／患者 he was a disappointed man, the big Borrow, and I cannot remember that he ever had much to say that was good of any brother author. Only in the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業d of むちの跡s and in the Scalds of the Sagas did he seem to find his kindred spirits, though it has been 示唆するd that his コンビナート／複合体 nature took this means of 知らせるing the world that he could read both Cymric and Norse. But we must not be unkind behind the 魔法 door—and yet to be charitable to the uncharitable is surely the 栄冠を与える of virtue.

So much for the 最高の，を越す line, 関心ing which I have already gossipped for six sittings, but there is no surcease for you, reader, for as you see there is a second line, and yet a third, all 平等に dear to my heart, and all 控訴，上告ing in the same degree to my emotions and to my memory. Be as 患者 as you may, while I talk of these old friends, and tell you why I love them, and all that they have meant to me in the past. If you 選ぶd any 調書をとる／予約する from that line you would be 選ぶing a little fibre also from my mind, very small, no 疑問, and yet an intimate and 必須の part of what is now myself. Hereditary impulses, personal experiences, 調書をとる／予約するs—those are the three 軍隊s which go to the making of man. These are the 調書をとる／予約するs.

This second line consists, as you see, of 小説家s of the eighteenth century, or those of them whom I regard as 必須の. After all, putting aside 選び出す／独身調書をとる／予約するs, such as 厳しい's "Tristram Shandy," Goldsmith's "Vicar of Wakefield," and 行方不明になる Burney's "Evelina," there are only three authors who count, and they in turn wrote only three 調書をとる／予約するs each, of first-率 importance, so that by the mastery of nine 調書をとる／予約するs one might （人命などを）奪う，主張する to have a 公正に／かなり幅の広い見解（をとる） of this most important and 独特の支店 of English literature. The three men are, of course, Fielding, Richardson, and Smollett. The 調書をとる／予約するs are: Richardson's "Clarissa Harlowe," "Pamela," and "Sir Charles Grandison"; Fielding's "Tom Jones", "Joseph Andrews," and "Amelia"; Smollett's "Peregrine Pickle," "Humphrey Clinker," and "Roderick 無作為の." There we have the real work of the three 広大な／多数の／重要な同時代のs who illuminated the middle of the eighteenth century—only nine 容積／容量s in all. Let us walk 一連の会議、交渉／完成する these nine 容積／容量s, therefore, and see whether we cannot 差別する and throw a little light, after this interval of a hundred and fifty years, upon their comparative 目的（とする）s, and how far they have 正当化するd them by the 永久の value of their work. A fat little bookseller in the City, a rakehell wit of noble 血, and a rugged Scotch 外科医 from the 海軍—those are the three strange immortals who now challenge a comparison—the three men who 支配する the fiction of their century, and to whom we 借りがある it that the life and the types of that century are familiar to us, their fifth 世代.

It is not a 支配する to be dogmatic upon, for I can imagine that these three writers would 控訴，上告やめる異なって to every temperament, and that whichever one might 願望（する） to 支持する／優勝者 one could find arguments to 支える one's choice. Yet I cannot think that any large section of the 批判的な public could 持続する that Smollett was on the same level as the other two. Ethically he is 甚だしい／１２ダース, though his grossness is …を伴ってd by a 十分な-血d humour which is more mirth-説得力のある than the more polished wit of his 競争相手s. I can remember in callow boyhood—puris omnia pura— reading "Peregrine Pickle," and laughing until I cried over the 祝宴 in the Fashion of the 古代のs. I read it again in my manhood with the same 影響, though with a greater 評価 of its inherent bestiality. That 長所, a 甚だしい／１２ダース原始の長所, he has in a high degree, but in no other 尊敬（する）・点 can he challenge comparison with either Fielding or Richardson. His 見解（をとる） of life is far more 限られた／立憲的な, his characters いっそう少なく変化させるd, his 出来事/事件s いっそう少なく独特の, and his thoughts いっそう少なく深い. Assuredly I, for one, should award him the third place in the trio.

But how about Richardson and Fielding? There is indeed a 競争 of 巨大（な）s. Let us take the points of each in turn, and then compare them with each other.

There is one characteristic, the rarest and subtlest of all, which each of them had in a 最高の degree. Each could draw the most delightful women —the most perfect women, I think, in the whole 範囲 of our literature. If the eighteenth-century women were like that, then the eighteenth-century men got a 広大な／多数の／重要な取引，協定 more than they ever deserved. They had such a charming little dignity of their own, such good sense, and yet such dear, pretty, dainty ways, so human and so charming, that even now they become our ideals. One cannot come to know them without a 二塁打 emotion, one of respectful devotion に向かって themselves, and the other of abhorrence for the herd of swine who surrounded them. Pamela, Harriet Byron, Clarissa, Amelia, and Sophia Western were all 平等に delightful, and it was not the 消極的な charm of the innocent and colourless woman, the amiable doll of the nineteenth century, but it was a beauty of nature depending upon an 警報 mind, （疑いを）晴らす and strong 原則s, true womanly feelings, and 完全にする feminine charm. In this 尊敬（する）・点 our 競争相手 authors may （人命などを）奪う，主張する a tie, for I could not give a preference to one 始める，決める of these perfect creatures over another. The plump little printer and the worn-out man-about-town had each a 最高の woman in his mind.

But their men! 式のs, what a 減少（する） is there! To say that we are all 有能な of doing what Tom Jones did—as I have seen 明言する／公表するd—is the worst form of inverted cant, the cant which makes us out worse than we are. It is a 名誉き損 on mankind to say that a man who truly loves a woman is usually 誤った to her, and, above all, a 名誉き損 that he should be 誤った in the vile fashion which 誘発するd good Tom Newcome's indignation. Tom Jones was no more fit to touch the hem of Sophia's dress than Captain Booth was to be the mate of Amelia. Never once has Fielding drawn a gentleman, save perhaps Squire Alworthy. A lusty, brawling, good- hearted, 構成要素 creature was the best that he could fashion. Where, in his heroes, is there one touch of distinction, of spirituality, of nobility? Here I think that the plebeian printer has done very much better than the aristocrat. Sir Charles Grandison is a very noble type—spoiled a little by over- coddling on the part of his creator, perhaps, but a very high- souled and exquisite gentleman all the same. Had he married Sophia or Amelia I should not have forbidden the banns. Even the persevering Mr. B—-and the too amorous Lovelace were, in spite of their aberrations, men of gentle nature, and had 可能性s of greatness and tenderness within them. Yes, I cannot 疑問 that Richardson drew the higher type of man—and that in Grandison he has done what has seldom or never been bettered.

Richardson was also the subtler and deeper writer, in my opinion. He 関心s himself with 罰金一貫した character- 製図／抽選, and with a very searching 分析 of the human heart, which is done so easily, and in such simple English, that the depth and truth of it only come upon reflection. He condescends to 非，不，無 of those scuffles and buffetings and pantomime 決起大会／結集させるs which enliven, but cheapen, many of Fielding's pages. The latter has, it may be 認めるd, a broader 見解（をとる） of life. He had personal 知識 of circles far above, and also far below, any which the douce 国民, who was his 競争相手, had ever been able or willing to 調査する. His pictures of low London life, the 刑務所，拘置所 scenes in "Amelia," the thieves' kitchens in "Jonathan Wild," the sponging houses and the slums, are as vivid and as 完全にする as those of his friend Hogarth—the most British of artists, even as Fielding was the most British of writers. But the greatest and most 永久の facts of life are to be 設立する in the smallest circles. Two men and a woman may furnish either the tragedian or the comedian with the most 満足させるing 主題. And so, although his 範囲 was 限られた／立憲的な, Richardson knew very 明確に and very 完全に just that knowledge which was 必須の for his 目的. Pamela, the perfect woman of humble life, Clarissa, the perfect lady, Grandison the ideal gentleman—these were the three 人物／姿／数字s on which he lavished his most loving art. And now, after one hundred and fifty years, I do not know where we may find more 満足させるing types.

He was prolix, it may be 認める, but who could 耐える to have him 削減（する）? He loved to sit 負かす／撃墜する and tell you just all about it. His use of letters for his narratives made this gossipy style more 平易な. First he 令状s and he tells all that passed. You have his letter. She at the same time 令状s to her friend, and also 明言する／公表するs her 見解（をとる）s. This also you see. The friends in each 事例／患者 reply, and you have the advantage of their comments and advice. You really do know all about it before you finish. It may be a little wearisome at first, if you have been accustomed to a more hustling style with 花火s in every 一時期／支部. But 徐々に it creates an atmosphere in which you live, and you come to know these people, with their characters and their troubles, as you know no others of the dream-folk of fiction. Three times as long as an ordinary 調書をとる／予約する, no 疑問, but why grudge the time? What is the hurry? Surely it is better to read one masterpiece than three 調書をとる／予約するs which will leave no 永久の impression on the mind.

It was all attuned to the sedate life of that, the last of the 静かな centuries. In the lonely country-house, with few letters and より小数の papers, do you suppose that the readers ever complained of the length of a 調書をとる／予約する, or could have too much of the happy Pamela or of the unhappy Clarissa? It is only under 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の circumstances that one can now get into that receptive でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる of mind which was normal then. Such an occasion is 記録，記録的な／記録するd by Macaulay, when he tells how in some Indian hill 駅／配置する, where 調書をとる／予約するs were rare, he let loose a copy of "Clarissa." The 影響 was what might have been 推定する／予想するd. Richardson in a suitable 環境 went through the community like a 穏やかな fever. They lived him, and dreamed him, until the whole episode passed into literary history, never to be forgotten by those who experienced it. It is tuned, for every ear. That beautiful style is so 訂正する and yet so simple that there is no page which a scholar may not applaud nor a servant-maid understand.

Of course, there are obvious disadvantages to the tale which is told in letters. Scott 逆戻りするd to it in "Guy Mannering," and there are other 目だつ successes, but vividness is always 伸び（る）d at the expense of a 緊張する upon the reader's good-nature and credulity. One feels that these constant 詳細（に述べる）s, these long conversations, could not かもしれない have been 記録，記録的な／記録するd in such a fashion. The indignant and dishevelled ヘロイン could not sit 負かす／撃墜する and 記録，記録的な／記録する her escape with such 冷静な／正味の minuteness of description. Richardson does it 同様に as it could be done, but it remains intrinsically 欠陥のある. Fielding, using the third person, broke all the fetters which bound his 競争相手, and gave a freedom and personal 当局 to the novel which it had never before enjoyed. There at least he is the master.

And yet, on the whole, my balance inclines に向かって Richardson, though I dare say I am one in a hundred in thinking so. First of all, beyond anything I may have already 勧めるd, he had the 最高の credit of having been the first. Surely the originator should have a higher place than the imitator, even if in imitating he should also 改善する and amplify. It is Richardson and not Fielding who is the father of the English novel, the man who first saw that without romantic gallantry, and without bizarre imaginings, enthralling stories may be made from everyday life, told in everyday language. This was his 広大な／多数の／重要な new 出発. So 完全に was Fielding his imitator, or rather perhaps his parodist, that with 最高の audacity (some would say brazen impudence) he used poor Richardson's own characters, taken from "Pamela," in his own first novel, "Joseph Andrews," and used them too for the unkind 目的 of ridiculing them. As a 事柄 of literary 倫理学, it is as if Thackeray wrote a novel bringing in Pickwick and Sam Weller ーするために show what 欠陥のある characters these were. It is no wonder that even the gentle little printer grew wroth, and alluded to his 競争相手 as a somewhat unscrupulous man.

And then there is the 悩ますd question of morals. Surely in talking of this also there is a good 取引，協定 of inverted cant の中で a 確かな class of critics. The inference appears to be that there is some subtle 関係 between immorality and art, as if the 扱うing of the lewd, or the 描写するing of it, were in some sort the hallmark of the true artist. It is not difficult to 扱う or 描写する. On the contrary, it is so 平易な, and so essentially 劇の in many of its forms, that the 誘惑 to 雇う it is ever 現在の. It is the easiest and cheapest of all methods of creating a spurious 影響. The difficulty does not 嘘（をつく） in doing it. The difficulty lies in 避けるing it. But one tries to 避ける it because on the 直面する of it there is no 推論する／理由 why a writer should 中止する to be a gentleman, or that he should 令状 for a woman's 注目する，もくろむs that which he would be 正確に，正当に knocked 負かす／撃墜する for having said in a woman's ears. But "you must draw the world as it is." Why must you? Surely it is just in 選択 and 抑制 that the artist is shown. It is true that in a coarser age 広大な／多数の／重要な writers 注意するd no 制限s, but life itself had より小数の制限s then. We are of our own age, and must live up to it.

But must these 味方するs of life be 絶対除外するd? By no means. Our decency need not 弱める into prudery. It all lies in the spirit in which it is done. No one who wished to lecture on these さまざまな spirits could preach on a better text than these three 広大な／多数の／重要な競争相手s, Richardson, Fielding, and Smollett. It is possible to draw 副／悪徳行為 with some freedom for the 目的 of 非難するing it. Such a writer is a moralist, and there is no better example than Richardson. Again, it is possible to draw 副／悪徳行為 with neither sympathy nor disapprobation, but 簡単に as a fact which is there. Such a writer is a realist, and such was Fielding. Once more, it is possible to draw 副／悪徳行為ーするために抽出する amusement from it. Such a man is a coarse humorist, and such was Smollett. Lastly, it is possible to draw 副／悪徳行為 in order to show sympathy with it. Such a man is a wicked man, and there were many の中で the writers of the 復古／返還. But of all 推論する／理由s that 存在する for 扱う／治療するing this 味方する of life, Richardson's were the best, and nowhere do we find it more deftly done.

Apart from his writings, there must have been something very noble about Fielding as a man. He was a better hero than any that he drew. Alone he 受託するd the 仕事 of 洗浄するing London, at that time the most dangerous and lawless of European 資本／首都s. Hogarth's pictures give some notion of it in the pre-Fielding days, the low roughs, the high-born いじめ（る）s, the drunkenness, the villainies, the thieves' kitchens with their riverside trapdoors, 負かす／撃墜する which the 団体／死体 is thrust. This was the Augean stable which had to be cleaned, and poor Hercules was weak and frail and 肉体的に more fitted for a sick-room than for such a 仕事. It cost him his life, for he died at 47, worn out with his own exertions. It might 井戸／弁護士席 have cost him his life in more 劇の fashion, for he had become a 示すd man to the 犯罪の classes, and he 長，率いるd his own search-parties when, on the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） of some 賄賂d rascal, a new den of villainy was exposed. But he carried his point. In little more than a year the thing was done, and London turned from the most rowdy to what it has ever since remained, the most 法律-がまんするing of European 資本／首都s. Has any man ever left a finer monument behind him?

If you want the real human Fielding you will find him not in the novels, where his real kindliness is too often 隠すd by a mock cynicism, but in his "Diary of his Voyage to Lisbon." He knew that his health was irretrievably 廃虚d and that his years were numbered. Those are the days when one sees a man as he is, when he has no longer a 動機 for affectation or pretence in the 即座の presence of the most tremendous of all realities. Yet, sitting in the 影をつくる／尾行する of death, Fielding 陳列する，発揮するd a 静かな, gentle courage and constancy of mind, which show how splendid a nature had been shrouded by his earlier frailties.

Just one word upon another eighteenth-century novel before I finish this somewhat didactic 雑談（する）. You will 収容する／認める that I have never prosed so much before, but the period and the 支配する seem to encourage it. I skip 厳しい, for I have no 広大な／多数の／重要な sympathy with his finicky methods. And I skip 行方不明になる Burney's novels, as 存在 feminine reflections of the 広大な／多数の／重要な masters who had just に先行するd her. But Goldsmith's "Vicar of Wakefield" surely deserves one paragraph to itself. There is a 調書をとる／予約する which is tinged throughout, as was all Goldsmith's work, with a beautiful nature. No one who had not a 罰金 heart could have written it, just as no one without a 罰金 heart could have written "The 砂漠d Village." How strange it is to think of old Johnson patronizing or snubbing the 縮むing Irishman, when both in poetry, in fiction, and in the 演劇 the latter has 証明するd himself far the greater man. But here is an 反対する-lesson of how the facts of life may be 扱う／治療するd without offence. Nothing is shirked. It is all 直面するd and duly 記録，記録的な／記録するd. Yet if I wished to 始める，決める before the 極度の慎重さを要する mind of a young girl a 調書をとる／予約する which would 準備する her for life without in any way 汚染するing her delicacy of feeling, there is no 調書をとる／予約する which I should choose so readily as "The Vicar of Wakefield."

So much for the eighteenth-century 小説家s. They have a shelf of their own in the 事例／患者, and a corner of their own in my brain. For years you may never think of them, and then suddenly some 逸脱する word or train of thought leads straight to them, and you look at them and love them, and rejoice that you know them. But let us pass to something which may 利益／興味 you more.

If 統計（学） could be taken in the さまざまな解放する／自由な libraries of the kingdom to 証明する the comparative 人気 of different 小説家s with the public, I think that it is やめる確かな that Mr. George Meredith would come out very low indeed. If, on the other 手渡す, a number of authors were 会を召集するd to 決定する which of their fellow-craftsmen they considered the greatest and the most 刺激するing to their own minds, I am 平等に確信して that Mr. Meredith would have a 広大な preponderance of 投票（する）s. Indeed, his only 考えられる競争相手 would be Mr. Hardy. It becomes an 利益／興味ing 熟考する／考慮する, therefore, why there should be such a 相違 of opinion as to his 長所s, and what the 質s are which have repelled so many readers, and yet have attracted those whose opinion must be 許すd to have a special 負わせる.

The most obvious 推論する／理由 is his 完全にする unconventionality. The public read to be amused. The 小説家 reads to have new light thrown upon his art. To read Meredith is not a mere amusement; it is an 知識人演習, a 肉親，親類d of mental dumb-bell with which you develop your thinking 力／強力にするs. Your mind is in a 明言する／公表する of 緊張 the whole time that you are reading him.

If you will follow my nose as the sportsman follows that of his pointer, you will 観察する that these 発言／述べるs are excited by the presence of my beloved "Richard Feverel," which lurks in yonder corner. What a 広大な／多数の／重要な調書をとる／予約する it is, how wise and how witty! Others of the master's novels may be more characteristic or more 深遠な, but for my own part it is the one which I would always 現在の to the new-comer who had not yet come under the 影響（力）. I think that I should put it third after "Vanity Fair" and "The Cloister and the Hearth" if I had to 指名する the three novels which I admire most in the Victorian 時代. The 調書をとる／予約する was published, I believe, in 1859, and it is almost incredible, and says little for the 差別 of critics or public, that it was nearly twenty years before a second 版 was needed.

But there are never 影響s without 原因（となる）s, however 不十分な the 原因（となる） may be. What was it that stood in the way of the 調書をとる／予約する's success? Undoubtedly it was the style. And yet it is subdued and tempered here with little of the luxuriance and exuberance which it 達成するd in the later 作品. But it was an 革新, and it 立ち往生させるd off both the public and the critics. They regarded it, no 疑問, as an affectation, as Carlyle's had been considered twenty years before, forgetting that in the 事例／患者 of an 初めの genius style is an 有機の thing, part of the man as much as the colour of his 注目する，もくろむs. It is not, to 引用する Carlyle, a shirt to be taken on and off at 楽しみ, but a 肌, eternally 直す／買収する，八百長をするd. And this strange, powerful style, how is it to be 述べるd? Best, perhaps, in his own strong words, when he spoke of Carlyle with perhaps the arriere pensee that the words would 適用する as 堅固に to himself.

"His favourite author," says he, "was one 令状ing on heroes in a style 似ているing either 早期に architecture or utter dilapidation, so loose and rough it seemed. A 勝利，勝つd-in-the-orchard style that 宙返り／暴落するd 負かす／撃墜する here and there an appreciable fruit with uncouth bluster, 宣告，判決s without 開始／学位授与式s running to abrupt endings and smoke, like waves against a sea-塀で囲む, learned dictionary words giving a 手渡す to street slang, and accents 落ちるing on them haphazard, like slant rays from 運動ing clouds; all the pages in a 微風, the whole 調書をとる／予約する producing a 肉親，親類d of 電気の agitation in the mind and 共同のs."

What a wonderful description and example of style! And how vivid is the impression left by such 表現s as "all the pages in a 微風." As a comment on Carlyle, and as a 見本 of Meredith, the passage is 平等に perfect.

井戸／弁護士席, "Richard Feverel" has come into its own at last. I 自白する to having a strong belief in the 批判的な discernment of the public. I do not think good work is often overlooked. Literature, like water, finds its true level. Opinion is slow to form, but it 始める，決めるs true at last. I am sure that if the critics were to 部隊 to 賞賛する a bad 調書をとる／予約する or to damn a good one they could (and continually do) have a five-year 影響（力）, but it would in no wise 影響する／感情 the final result. Sheridan said that if all the fleas in his bed had been 全員一致の, they could have 押し進めるd him out of it. I do not think that any unanimity of critics has ever 押し進めるd a good 調書をとる／予約する out of literature.

の中で the minor excellences of "Richard Feverel"—excuse the prolixity of an 熱中している人—are the scattered aphorisms which are worthy of a place の中で our British proverbs. What could be more exquisite than this, "Who rises from 祈り a better man his 祈り is answered"; or this, "Expediency is man's 知恵. Doing 権利 is God's"; or, "All 広大な／多数の／重要な thoughts come from the heart"? Good are the words "The coward amongst us is he who sneers at the failings of humanity," and a healthy 楽観主義（犯罪の）一味s in the phrase "There is for the mind but one しっかり掴む of happiness; from that uppermost pinnacle of 知恵 whence we see that this world is 井戸／弁護士席 designed." In more playful mood is "Woman is the last thing which will be civilized by man." Let us hurry away 突然の, for he who starts quotation from "Richard Feverel" is lost.

He has, as you see, a goodly line of his brothers beside him. There are the Italian ones, "Sandra Belloni," and "Vittoria"; there is "Rhoda Fleming," which carried Stevenson off his 批判的な feet; "Beauchamp's Career," too, 取引，協定ing with obsolete politics. No 広大な／多数の／重要な writer should spend himself upon a 一時的な主題. It is like the beauty who is painted in some passing fashion of gown. She tends to become obsolete along with her でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる. Here also is the dainty "Diana," the egoist with immortal Willoughby Pattern, eternal type of masculine selfishness, and "Harry Richmond," the first 一時期／支部s of which are, in my opinion, の中で the finest pieces of narrative prose in the language. That 広大な／多数の／重要な mind would have worked in any form which his age had favoured. He is a 小説家 by 事故. As an Elizabethan he would have been a 広大な／多数の／重要な dramatist; under Queen Anne a 広大な／多数の／重要な評論家. But whatever medium he worked in, he must 平等に have thrown the image of a 広大な／多数の／重要な brain and a 広大な／多数の／重要な soul.

CHAPTER VIII

WE have left our eighteenth-century 小説家s— Fielding, Richardson, and Smollett—安全に behind us, with all their solidity and their audacity, their 誠実, and their coarseness of fibre. They have brought us, as you perceive, to the end of the shelf. What, not 疲れた／うんざりしたd? Ready for yet another? Let us run 負かす／撃墜する this next 列／漕ぐ／騒動, then, and I will tell you a few things which may be of 利益／興味, though they will be dull enough if you have not been born with that love of 調書をとる／予約するs in your heart which is の中で the choicest gifts of the gods. If that is wanting, then one might 同様に play music to the deaf, or walk 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 学院 with the colour-blind, as 控訴，上告 to the 調書をとる／予約する-sense of an unfortunate who has it not.

There is this old brown 容積／容量 in the corner. How it got there I cannot imagine, for it is one of those which I bought for threepence out of the 残余 box in Edinburgh, and its 天候- beaten comrades are up yonder in the 支援する gallery, while this one has 肘d its way の中で the 質 in the 立ち往生させるs. But it is 価値（がある） a word or two. Take it out and 扱う it! See how swarthy it is, how squat, with how 弾丸-proof a cover of 規模ing leather. Now open the 飛行機で行く-leaf "Ex libris Guilielmi Whyte. 1672" in faded yellow 署名／調印する. I wonder who William Whyte may have been, and what he did upon earth in the 統治する of the merry 君主. A pragmatical seventeenth-century lawyer, I should 裁判官, by that hard, angular 令状ing. The date of 問題／発行する is 1642, so it was printed just about the time when the 巡礼者 Fathers were settling 負かす／撃墜する into their new American home, and the first Charles's 長，率いる was still 会社／堅い upon his shoulders, though a little puzzled, no 疑問, at what was going on around it. The 調書をとる／予約する is in Latin—though Cicero might not have 認める it—and it 扱う／治療するs of the 法律s of 戦争.

I picture some pedantic Dugald Dalgetty 耐えるing it about under his buff coat, or 負かす／撃墜する in his holster, and turning up the 言及／関連 for every fresh 緊急 which occurred. "Hullo! here's a 井戸／弁護士席!" says he. "I wonder if I may 毒（薬） it?" Out comes the 調書をとる／予約する, and he runs a dirty forefinger 負かす／撃墜する the 索引. "Ob fas est aquam hostis venere," etc. "Tut, tut, it's not 許すd. But here are some of the enemy in a barn? What about that?" "Ob fas est hostem incendio," etc. "Yes; he says we may. Quick, Ambrose, up with the straw and the tinder box." 戦争 was no child's play about the time when Tilly 解雇（する）d Magdeburg, and Cromwell turned his 手渡す from the mash tub to the sword. It might not be much better now in a long （選挙などの）運動をする, when men were 常習的な and embittered. Many of these 法律s are unrepealed, and it is いっそう少なく than a century since 高度に disciplined British 軍隊／機動隊s （人命などを）奪う，主張するd their dreadful 権利s at Badajos and Rodrigo. 最近の European wars have been so short that discipline and humanity have not had time to go to pieces, but a long war would show that man is ever the same, and that civilization is the thinnest of veneers.

Now you see that whole 列／漕ぐ／騒動 of 調書をとる／予約するs which takes you at one sweep nearly across the shelf? I am rather proud of those, for they are my collection of Napoleonic 軍の memoirs. There is a story told of an 無学の millionaire who gave a 卸売売買業者 an order for a copy of all 調書をとる／予約するs in any language 扱う／治療するing of any 面 of Napoleon's career. He thought it would fill a 事例／患者 in his library. He was somewhat taken aback, however, when in a few weeks he received a message from the 売買業者 that he had got 40,000 容積／容量s, and を待つd 指示／教授／教育s as to whether he should send them on as an instalment, or wait for a 完全にする始める，決める. The 人物／姿／数字s may not be exact, but at least they bring home the impossibility of exhausting the 支配する, and the danger of losing one's self for years in a 抱擁する迷宮／迷路 of reading, which may end by leaving no very 限定された impression upon your mind. But one might, perhaps, take a corner of it, as I have done here in the 軍の memoirs, and there one might hope to get some finality.

Here is Marbot at this end—the first of all 兵士調書をとる／予約するs in the world. This is the 完全にする three-容積／容量 French 版, with red and gold cover, smart and debonnaire like its author. Here he is in one frontispiece with his pleasant, 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, boyish 直面する, as a Captain of his beloved Chasseurs. And here in the other is the grizzled old bull-dog as a 十分な general, looking as 十分な of fight as ever. It was a real blow to me when some one began to throw 疑問s upon the authenticity of Marbot's memoirs. ホームラン may be 解散させるd into a （人が）群がる of 肌-覆う？妨げる／法廷，弁護士業d. Even Shakespeare may be jostled in his 王位 of honour by plausible Baconians; but the human, the gallant, the inimitable Marbot! His 調書をとる／予約する is that which gives us the best picture by far of the Napoleonic 兵士s, and to me they are even more 利益／興味ing than their 広大な／多数の／重要な leader, though his must ever be the most singular 人物／姿／数字 in history. But those 兵士s, with their 抱擁する shakoes, their hairy knapsacks, and their hearts of steel—what men they were! And what a latent 力／強力にする there must be in this French nation which could go on 注ぐing out the 血 of its sons for twenty-three years with hardly a pause!

It took all that time to work off the hot ferment which the 革命 had left in men's veins. And they were not exhausted, for the very last fight which the French fought was the finest of all. Proud as we are of our infantry at Waterloo, it was really with the French cavalry that the greenest laurels of that 広大な／多数の／重要な epic 残り／休憩（する）d. They got the better of our own cavalry, they took our guns again and again, they swept a large 部分 of our 同盟（する）s from the field, and finally they 棒 off 無傷の, and as 十分な of fight as ever. Read Gronow's "Memoirs," that chatty little yellow 容積／容量 yonder which brings all that age 支援する to us more vividly than any more pretentious work, and you will find the chivalrous 賞賛 which our officers 表明するd at the 罰金業績／成果 of the French horsemen.

It must be 認める that, looking 支援する upon history, we have not always been good 同盟（する）s, nor yet generous co-partners in the 戦場. The first is the fault of our politics, where one party rejoices to break what the other has bound. The 製造者s of the 条約 are 信頼できる enough, as the Tories were under Pitt and Castlereagh, or the Whigs at the time of Queen Anne, but sooner or later the others must come in. At the end of the Marlborough wars we suddenly vamped up a peace and, left our 同盟（する）s in the lurch, on account of a change in 国内の politics. We did the same with Frederick the 広大な／多数の／重要な, and would have done it in the Napoleonic days if Fox could have controlled the country. And as to our partners of the 戦場, how little we have ever said that is hearty as to the splendid staunchness of the Prussians at Waterloo. You have to read the Frenchman, Houssaye, to get a central 見解（をとる） and to understand the part they played. Think of old Blucher, seventy years old, and ridden over by a 連隊 of 非難する cavalry the day before, yet 断言するing that he would come to Wellington if he had to be strapped to his horse. He nobly redeemed his 約束.

The loss of the Prussians at Waterloo was not far short of our own. You would not know it, to read our historians. And then the 乱用 of our ベルギー同盟（する）s has been overdone. Some of them fought splendidly, and one 旅団 of infantry had a 株 in the 批判的な instant when the 戦う／戦い was turned. This also you would not learn from British sources. Look at our Portuguese 同盟（する）s also! They trained into magnificent 軍隊／機動隊s, and one of Wellington's earnest 願望（する）s was to have ten thousand of them for his Waterloo （選挙などの）運動をする. It was a Portuguese who first topped the rampart of Badajos. They have never had their 予定 credit, nor have the Spaniards either, for, though often 敗北・負かすd, it was their unconquerable pertinacity which played a 広大な／多数の／重要な part in the struggle. No; I do not think that we are very amiable partners, but I suppose that all 国家の history may be open to a 類似の告発（する），告訴（する）／料金.

It must be 自白するd that Marbot's 詳細（に述べる）s are occasionally a little hard to believe. Never in the pages of Lever has there been such a 一連の hairbreadth escapes and dare-devil 偉業／利用するs. Surely he stretched it a little いつかs. You may remember his adventure at Eylau—I think it was Eylau—how a 大砲-ball, striking the 最高の，を越す of his helmet, 麻ひさせるd him by the concussion of his spine; and how, on a ロシアの officer running 今後 to 削減（する） him 負かす／撃墜する, his horse bit the man's 直面する nearly off. This was the famous charger which savaged everything until Marbot, having bought it for next to nothing, cured it by thrusting a boiling 脚 of mutton into its mouth when it tried to bite him. It certainly does need a 強健な約束 to get over these 出来事/事件s. And yet, when one 反映するs upon the hundreds of 戦う／戦いs and 小競り合いs which a Napoleonic officer must have 耐えるd—how they must have been the 連続する決まりきった仕事 of his life from the first dark hair upon his lip to the first grey one upon his 長，率いる, it is presumptuous to say what may or may not have been possible in such unparalleled careers. At any 率, be it fact or fiction—fact it is, in my opinion, with some artistic touching up of the high lights—there are few 調書をとる／予約するs which I could not spare from my 棚上げにするs better than the memoirs of the gallant Marbot.

I dwell upon this particular 調書をとる／予約する because it is the best; but take the whole line, and there is not one which is not 十分な of 利益／興味. Marbot gives you the point of 見解（をとる） of the officer. So does De Segur and De Fezensac and 陸軍大佐 Gonville, each in some different 支店 of the service. But some are from the pens of the men in the 階級s, and they are even more graphic than the others. Here, for example, are the papers of good old Cogniet, who was a grenadier of the Guard, and could neither read nor 令状 until after the 広大な／多数の／重要な wars were over. A tougher 兵士 never went into 戦う／戦い. Here is Sergeant Bourgogne, also with his dreadful account of that nightmare （選挙などの）運動をする in Russia, and the gallant Chevillet, trumpeter of Chasseurs, with his 事柄-of- fact account of all that he saw, where the daily "戦闘" is 挟むd in betwixt the real 商売／仕事 of the day, which was foraging for his frugal breakfast and supper. There is no better 令状ing, and no easier reading, than the 記録，記録的な／記録するs of these men of 活動／戦闘.

A Briton cannot help asking himself, as he realizes what men these were, what would have happened if 150,000 Cogniets and Bourgognes, with Marbots to lead them, and the 広大な／多数の／重要な captain of all time in the prime of his vigour at their 長，率いる, had made their 上陸 in Kent? For months it was touch-and-go. A 選び出す／独身海軍の slip which left the Channel （疑いを）晴らす would have been followed by an embarkation from Boulogne, which had been brought by constant practice to so incredibly 罰金 a point that the last horse was 船内に within two hours of the start. Any evening might have seen the whole host upon the Pevensey Flats. What then? We know what Humbert did with a handful of men in Ireland, and the story is not 安心させるing. Conquest, of course, is 考えられない. The world in 武器 could not do that. But Napoleon never thought of the conquest of Britain. He has expressly disclaimed it. What he did 熟視する／熟考する was a gigantic （警察の）手入れ，急襲 in which he would do so much 損失 that for years to come England would be 占領するd at home in 選ぶing up the pieces, instead of having energy to spend abroad in 妨害するing his 大陸の計画（する）s.

Portsmouth, Plymouth, and Sheerness in 炎上s, with London either levelled to the ground or 身代金d at his own 人物／姿／数字—that was a more feasible programme. Then, with the 部隊d (n)艦隊／(a)素早いs of 征服する／打ち勝つd Europe at his 支援する, enormous armies and an inexhaustible 財務省, swollen with the 身代金 of Britain, he could turn to that conquest of America which would 勝利，勝つ支援する the old 植民地s of フラン and leave him master of the world. If the worst happened and he had met his Waterloo upon the South 負かす／撃墜するs, he would have done again what he did in Egypt and once more in Russia: hurried 支援する to フラン in a swift 大型船, and still had 軍隊 enough to 持つ／拘留する his own upon the Continent. It would, no 疑問, have been a big 火刑／賭ける to lay upon the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する —150,000 of his best—but he could play again if he lost; while, if he won, he （疑いを）晴らすd the board. A 罰金 game—if little Nelson had not stopped it, and with one blow 直す／買収する，八百長をするd the 辛勝する／優位 of salt water as the 限界 of Napoleon's 力／強力にする.

There's the cast of a メダル on the 最高の，を越す of that 閣僚 which will bring it all の近くに home to you. It is taken from the die of the メダル which Napoleon had arranged to 問題／発行する on the day that he reached London. It serves, at any 率, to show that his 広大な／多数の／重要な召集（する） was not a bluff, but that he really did mean serious 商売／仕事. On one 味方する is his 長，率いる. On the other フラン is engaged in strangling and throwing to earth a curious fish-tailed creature, which stands for perfidious Albion. "Frappe a Londres" is printed on one part of it, and "La 降下／家系 dans Angleterre" upon another. Struck to 祝う／追悼する a conquest, it remains now as a souvenir of a fiasco. But it was a の近くに call.

By the way, talking of Napoleon's flight from Egypt, did you ever see a curious little 調書をとる／予約する called, if I remember 権利, "迎撃するd Letters"? No; I have no copy upon this shelf, but a friend is more fortunate. It shows the almost incredible 憎悪 which 存在するd at the end of the eighteenth century between the two nations, descending even to the most petty personal annoyance. On this occasion the British 政府迎撃するd a mail-捕らえる、獲得する of letters coming from French officers in Egypt to their friends at home, and they either published them, or at least 許すd them to be published, in the hope, no 疑問, of 原因（となる）ing 国内の複雑化s. Was ever a more despicable 活動／戦闘? But who knows what other 傷害s had been （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるd to draw 前へ／外へ such a 報復? I have myself seen a 燃やすd and mutilated British mail lying where De Wet had left it; but suppose the refinement of his vengeance had gone so far as to publish it, what a 雷鳴-bolt it might have been!

As to the French officers, I have read their letters, though even after a century one had a feeling of 犯罪 when one did so. But, on the whole, they are a credit to the writers, and give the impression of a noble and chivalrous 始める，決める of men. Whether they were all 演説（する）／住所d to the 権利 people is another 事柄, and therein lay the 毒（薬）d sting of this most un-British 事件／事情／状勢. As to the monstrous things which were done upon the other 味方する, remember the 逮捕（する） of all the poor British tourists and 商業のs who chanced to be in フラン when the war was 新たにするd in 1803. They had run over in all 信用 and 信用／信任 for a little 遠出 and change of 空気／公表する. They certainly got it, for Napoleon's steel 支配する fell upon them, and they 再結合させるd their families in 1814. He must have had a heart of 毅然とした and a will of アイロンをかける. Look at his 行為／行う over the 海軍の囚人s. The natural 訴訟／進行 would have been to 交流 them. For some 推論する／理由 he did not think it good 政策 to do so. All 代表s from the British 政府 were 始める，決める aside, save in the 事例／患者 of the higher officers. Hence the 悲惨s of the hulks and the dreadful 刑務所，拘置所兵舎 in England. Hence also the unhappy idlers of Verdun. What splendid 忠義 there must have been in those humble Frenchmen which never 許すd them for one instant to turn 激しく upon the author of all their 広大な／多数の／重要な misfortunes. It is all brought vividly home by the description of their 刑務所，拘置所s given by Borrow in "Lavengro." This is the passage—

"What a strange 外見 had those mighty casernes, with their blank, blind 塀で囲むs, without windows or grating, and their slanting roofs, out of which, through orifices where the tiles had been 除去するd, would be protruded dozens of grim 長，率いるs, feasting their 刑務所，拘置所-sick 注目する，もくろむs on the wide expanse of country 広げるd from their airy 高さ. Ah! there was much 悲惨 in those casernes; and from those roofs, doubtless, many a wistful look was turned in the direction of lovely フラン. Much had the poor inmates to 耐える, and much to complain of, to the 不名誉 of England be it said—of England, in general so 肉親，親類d and bountiful. Rations of carrion meat, and bread from which I have seen the very hounds occasionally turn away, were unworthy entertainment even for the most ruffian enemy, when helpless and 捕虜; and such, 式のs! was the fare in those casernes. And then, those visits, or rather ruthless inroads, called in the slang of the place 'straw-plait 追跡（する）s,' when in 追跡 of a contraband article, which the 囚人s, ーするために procure themselves a few of the necessaries and 慰安s of 存在, were in the habit of making, red-coated 大軍 were marched into the 刑務所，拘置所s, who, with the bayonet's point, carried havoc and 廃虚 into every poor convenience which ingenious wretchedness had been endeavouring to raise around it; and then the 勝利を得た出口 with the 哀れな booty, and worst of all, the accursed bonfire, on the barrack parade of the plait contraband, beneath the 見解（をとる） of glaring eyeballs from those lofty roofs, まっただ中に the hurrahs of the 軍隊／機動隊s frequently 溺死するd in the 悪口を言う／悪態s 注ぐd 負かす／撃墜する from above like a tempest-にわか雨, or in the terrific war- whoop of 'Vive l'Empereur!'"

There is a little vignette of Napoleon's men in 捕らわれた. Here is another which is 価値（がある）保存するing of the 耐えるing of his 退役軍人s when 負傷させるd on the field of 戦う／戦い. It is from Mercer's recollections of the 戦う／戦い of Waterloo. Mercer had spent the day 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing 事例／患者 into the French cavalry at 範囲s from fifty to two hundred yards, losing two-thirds of his own 殴打／砲列 in the 過程. In the evening he had a look at some of his own grim handiwork.

"I had 満足させるd my curiosity at Hougoumont, and was retracing my steps up the hill when my attention was called to a group of 負傷させるd Frenchmen by the 静める, dignified, and 兵士-like oration 演説（する）／住所d by one of them to the 残り／休憩（する）. I cannot, like Livy, compose a 罰金 harangue for my hero, and, of course, I could not 保持する the 正確な words, but the 輸入する of them was to exhort them to 耐える their sufferings with fortitude; not to repine, like women or children, at what every 兵士 should have made up his mind to 苦しむ as the fortune of war, but above all, to remember that they were surrounded by Englishmen, before whom they せねばならない be doubly careful not to 不名誉 themselves by 陳列する，発揮するing such an unsoldier-like want of fortitude.

"The （衆議院の）議長 was sitting on the ground with his lance stuck upright beside him—an old 退役軍人 with 厚い bushy, grizzly 耐えるd, countenance like a lion—a lancer of the old guard, and no 疑問 had fought in many a field. One 手渡す was 繁栄するd in the 空気／公表する as he spoke, the other, 厳しいd at the wrist, lay on the earth beside him; one ball (事例／患者-発射, probably) had entered his 団体／死体, another had broken his 脚. His 苦しむing, after a night of （危険などに）さらす so mangled, must have been 広大な／多数の／重要な; yet he betrayed it not. His 耐えるing was that of a Roman, or perhaps an Indian 軍人, and I could fancy him 結論するing 適切な his speech in the words of the Mexican king, 'And I too; am I on a bed of roses?'"

What a 負担 of moral 責任／義務 upon one man! But his mind was insensible to moral 責任／義務. Surely if it had not been it must have been 鎮圧するd beneath it. Now, if you want to understand the character of Napoleon—but surely I must take a fresh start before I 開始する，打ち上げる on so portentous a 支配する as that.

But before I leave the 軍の men let me, for the credit of my own country, after that 悪名高い出来事/事件 of the letters, 示す these six 井戸／弁護士席-thumbed 容積／容量s of "Napier's History." This is the story of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Peninsular War, by one who fought through it himself, and in no history has a more chivalrous and manly account been given of one's enemy. Indeed, Napier seems to me to 押し進める it too far, for his 賞賛 appears to 延長する not only to the gallant 兵士s who …に反対するd him, but to the character and to the ultimate 目的（とする）s of their leader. He was, in fact, a political 信奉者 of Charles James Fox, and his heart seems to have been with the enemy even at the moment when he led his men most 猛烈に against them. In the 判決 of history the 活動／戦闘 of those men who, in their honest zeal for freedom, inflamed somewhat by political 争い, turned against their own country, when it was in truth the 支持する／優勝者 of Freedom, and 認可するd of a 軍の despot of the most uncompromising 肉親，親類d, seems wildly foolish.

But if Napier's politics may seem strange, his 兵士ing was splendid, and his prose の中で the very best that I know. There are passages in that work—the one which 述べるs the 違反 of Badajos, that of the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the Fusiliers at Albuera, and that of the French 前進する at Fuentes d'Onoro—which once read haunt the mind for ever. The 調書をとる／予約する is a worthy monument of a 広大な／多数の／重要な国家の epic. 式のs! for the 妊娠している宣告，判決 with which it の近くにs, "So ended the 広大な／多数の／重要な war, and with it all memory of the services of the 退役軍人s." Was there ever a British war of which the same might not have been written?

The quotation which I have given from Mercer's 調書をとる／予約する turns my thoughts in the direction of the British 軍の reminiscences of that period, いっそう少なく非常に／多数の, いっそう少なく変化させるd, and いっそう少なく central than the French, but 十分な of character and 利益／興味 all the same. I have 設立する that if I am turned loose in a large library, after hesitating over covers for half an hour or so, it is usually a 調書をとる／予約する of 兵士 memoirs which I take 負かす／撃墜する. Man is never so 利益／興味ing as when he is 完全に in earnest, and no one is so earnest as he whose life is at 火刑／賭ける upon the event. But of all types of 兵士 the best is the man who is keen upon his work, and yet has general culture which enables him to see that work in its 予定視野, and to sympathize with the gentler aspirations of mankind. Such a man is Mercer, an ice-冷静な／正味の闘士，戦闘機, with a sense of discipline and decorum which 妨げるd him from moving when a bombshell was fizzing between his feet, and yet a man of thoughtful and philosophic temperament, with a 証拠不十分 for 独房監禁 musings, for children, and for flowers. He has written for all time the classic account of a 広大な／多数の／重要な戦う／戦い, seen from the point of 見解（をとる） of a 殴打／砲列指揮官. Many others of Wellington's 兵士s wrote their personal reminiscences. You can get them, as I have them there, in the pleasant abridgement of "Wellington's Men" (admirably edited by Dr. Fitchett)— Anton the Highlander, Harris the rifleman, and Kincaid of the same 軍団. It is a most singular 運命／宿命 which has made an Australian nonconformist clergyman the most 同情的な and eloquent reconstructor of those old heroes, but it is a noble example of that まとまり of the British race, which in fifty scattered lands still 嘆く／悼むs or rejoices over the same historic 記録，記録的な／記録する.

And just one word, before I の近くに負かす／撃墜する this over-long and too discursive chatter, on the 支配する of yonder twin red 容積／容量s which 側面に位置する the shelf. They are Maxwell's "History of Wellington," and I do not think you will find a better or more readable one. The reader must ever feel に向かって the 広大な／多数の／重要な兵士 what his own 即座の信奉者s felt, 尊敬（する）・点 rather than affection. One's 失敗 to 達成する a more affectionate emotion is 緩和するd by the knowledge that it was the last thing which he 招待するd or 願望（する）d. "Don't be a damned fool, sir!" was his exhortation to the good 国民 who had paid him a compliment. It was a curious, callous nature, brusque and 限られた／立憲的な. The hardest huntsman learns to love his hounds, but he showed no affection and a good 取引，協定 of contempt for the men who had been his 器具s. "They are the scum of the earth," said he. "All English 兵士s are fellows who have enlisted for drink. That is the plain fact—they have all enlisted for drink." His general orders were 十分な of undeserved reproaches at a time when the most lavish 賞賛する could hardly have met the real 砂漠s of his army. When the wars were done he saw little, save in his 公式の／役人 capacity, of his old comrades-in-武器. And yet, from major-general to drummer-boy, he was the man whom they would all have elected to serve under, had the work to be done once more. As one of them said, "The sight of his long nose was 価値（がある） ten thousand men on a field of 戦う／戦い." They were themselves a leathery 産む／飼育する, and cared little for the gentler amenities so long as the French were 井戸／弁護士席 drubbed.

His mind, which was 包括的な and 警報 in 戦争, was singularly 限られた／立憲的な in civil 事件／事情／状勢s. As a 政治家 he was so constant an example of devotion to 義務, self-sacrifice, and high disinterested character, that the country was the better for his presence. But he ひどく …に反対するd カトリック教徒 Emancipation, the 改革（する）法案, and everything upon which our modern life is 設立するd. He could never be brought to see that a pyramid should stand on its base and not on its apex, and that the larger the pyramid, the broader should be the base. Even in 軍の事件／事情／状勢s he was averse from every change, and I know of no 改良s which （機の）カム from his 率先 during all those years when his 当局 was 最高の. The floggings which broke a man's spirit and self-尊敬（する）・点, the leathern 在庫／株 which 妨害するd his movements, all the old 伝統的な政権設立する a 支持する／優勝者 in him. On the other 手渡す, he 堅固に …に反対するd the introduction of the （着弾の瞬間に破裂する）着発 cap as …に反対するd to the flint and steel in the musket. Neither in war nor in politics did he rightly 裁判官 the 未来.

And yet in reading his letters and 派遣（する）s, one is surprised いつかs at the incisive thought and its vigorous 表現. There is a passage in which he 述べるs the way in which his 兵士s would occasionally 砂漠 into some town which he was 包囲するing. "They knew," he 令状s, "that they must be taken, for when we lay our 血まみれの手渡すs upon a place we are sure to take it, sooner or later; but they liked 存在乾燥した，日照りの and under cover, and then that 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の caprice which always pervades the English character! Our 見捨てる人／脱走兵s are very 不正に扱う／治療するd by the enemy; those who 砂漠d in フラン were 扱う／治療するd as the lowest of mortals, slaves and scavengers. Nothing but English caprice can account for it; just what makes our noblemen associate with 行う／開催する／段階-coach drivers, and become 行う／開催する／段階-coach drivers themselves." After reading that passage, how often does the phrase "the 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の caprice which always pervades the English character" come 支援する as one 観察するs some fresh manifestation of it!

But let not my last 公式文書，認める upon the 広大な／多数の／重要な duke be a carping one. Rather let my final 宣告，判決 be one which will remind you of his frugal and abstemious life, his carpetless 床に打ち倒す and little （軍の）野営地，陣営 bed, his 正確な儀礼 which left no humblest letter unanswered, his courage which never flinched, his tenacity which never 滞るd, his sense of 義務 which made his life one long unselfish 成果／努力 on に代わって of what seemed to him to be the highest 利益／興味 of the 明言する／公表する. Go 負かす／撃墜する and stand by the 抱擁する granite sarcophagus in the 薄暗い light of the crypt of St. Paul's, and in the hush of that 厳格な，質素な位置／汚点／見つけ出す, cast 支援する your mind to the days when little England alone stood 会社／堅い against the greatest 兵士 and the greatest army that the world has ever known. Then you feel what this dead man stood for, and you pray that we may still find such another amongst us when the clouds gather once again.

You see that the literature of Waterloo is 井戸／弁護士席代表するd in my small 軍の library. Of all 調書をとる／予約するs 取引，協定ing with the personal 見解（をとる） of the 事柄, I think that "Siborne's Letters," which is a collection of the narratives of 生き残るing officers made by Siborne in the year 1827, is the most 利益／興味ing. Gronow's account is also very vivid and 利益／興味ing. Of the strategical narratives, Houssaye's 調書をとる／予約する is my favourite. Taken from the French point of 見解（をとる）, it gets the 活動／戦闘s of the 同盟（する）s in truer 視野 than any English or German account can do; but there is a fascination about that 広大な／多数の／重要な戦闘 which makes every narrative that 耐えるs upon it of enthralling 利益／興味.

Wellington used to say that too much was made of it, and that one would imagine that the British Army had never fought a 戦う／戦い before. It was a characteristic speech, but it must be 認める that the British Army never had, as a 事柄 of fact, for many centuries fought a 戦う／戦い which was finally 決定的な of a 広大な／多数の／重要な European war. There lies the perennial 利益／興味 of the 出来事/事件, that it was the last 行為／法令／行動する of that long-drawn 演劇, and that to the very 落ちる of the curtain no man could tell how the play would end —"the nearest run thing that ever you saw"—that was the 勝利者's description. It is a singular thing that during those twenty-five years of incessant fighting the 構成要素 and methods of 戦争 made so little 進歩. So far as I know, there was no 広大な／多数の／重要な change in either between 1789 and 1805. The breech-loader, 激しい大砲, the ironclad, all 広大な／多数の／重要な前進するs in the art of war, have been invented in time of peace. There are some 改良s so obvious, and at the same time so 価値のある, that it is 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の that they were not 可決する・採択するd. Signalling, for example, whether by heliograph or by 旗-waving, would have made an 巨大な difference in the Napoleonic （選挙などの）運動をするs. The 原則 of the semaphore was 井戸／弁護士席 known, and Belgium, with its 非常に／多数の windmills, would seem to be furnished with natural semaphores. Yet in the four days during which the （選挙などの）運動をする of Waterloo was fought, the whole 計画／陰謀 of 軍の操作／手術s on both 味方するs was again and again imperilled, and finally in the 事例／患者 of the French brought to utter 廃虚 by 欠如（する） of that 知能 which could so easily have been 伝えるd. June 18th was at intervals a sunshiny day—a four-インチ glass mirror would have put Napoleon in communication with Gruchy, and the whole history of Europe might have been altered. Wellington himself 苦しむd dreadfully from 欠陥のある（警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） which might have been easily 供給（する）d. The 予期しない presence of the French army was first discovered at four in the morning of June 15. It was of enormous importance to get the news 速く to Wellington at Brussels that he might 即時に concentrate his scattered 軍隊s on the best line of 抵抗—yet, through the folly of sending only a 選び出す／独身 messenger, this 決定的な（警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） did not reach him until three in the afternoon, the distance 存在 thirty miles. Again, when Blucher was 敗北・負かすd at Ligny on the 16th, it was of enormous importance that Wellington should know at once the line of his 退却／保養地 so as to 妨げる the French from 運動ing a wedge between them. The 選び出す／独身 Prussian officer who was despatched with this （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） was 負傷させるd, and never reached his 目的地, and it was only next day that Wellington learned the Prussian 計画（する）s. On what tiny things does History depend!

CHAPTER IX

THE contemplation of my 罰金 little 連隊 of French 軍の memoirs had brought me to the question of Napoleon himself, and you see that I have a very fair line 取引，協定ing with him also. There is Scott's life, which is not 完全に a success. His 署名／調印する was too precious to be shed in such a 投機・賭ける. But here are the three 容積／容量s of the 内科医 Bourrienne —that Bourrienne who knew him so 井戸／弁護士席. Does any one ever know a man so 井戸／弁護士席 as his doctor? They are やめる excellent and admirably translated. Meneval also—the 患者 Meneval—who wrote for untold hours to 口述 at ordinary talking 速度(を上げる）, and yet was 推定する／予想するd to be legible and to make no mistakes. At least his master could not 公正に／かなり非難する his legibility, for is it not on 記録，記録的な／記録する that when Napoleon's holograph account of an 約束／交戦 was laid before the 大統領 of the 上院, the worthy man thought that it was a drawn 計画（する） of the 戦う／戦い? Meneval 生き残るd his master and has left an excellent and intimate account of him. There is Constant's account, also written from that point of 見解（をとる） in which it is proverbial that no man is a hero. But of all the vivid terrible pictures of Napoleon the most haunting is by a man who never saw him and whose 調書をとる／予約する was not 直接／まっすぐに取引，協定ing with him. I mean Taine's account of him, in the first 容積／容量 of "Les Origines de la フラン Contemporaine." You can never forget it when once you have read it. He produces his 影響 in a wonderful, and to me a novel, way. He does not, for example, say in mere 天然のまま words that Napoleon had a more than mediaeval Italian cunning. He 現在のs a succession of 文書s— gives a 一連の同時代の instances to 証明する it. Then, having got that 直す／買収する，八百長をするd in your 長，率いる by blow after blow, he passes on to another 段階 of his character, his coldhearted amorousness, his 力／強力にする of work, his spoiled child wilfulness, or some other 質, and piles up his illustrations of that. Instead, for example, of 説 that the Emperor had a marvellous memory for 詳細（に述べる）, we have the account of the 長，率いる of 大砲 laying the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of all the guns in フラン before his master, who looked over it and 発言／述べるd, "Yes, but you have omitted two in a fort 近づく Dieppe." So the man is 徐々に etched in with indelible 署名／調印する. It is a wonderful 人物／姿／数字 of which you are conscious in the end, the 人物／姿／数字 of an archangel, but surely of an archangel of 不明瞭.

We will, after Taine's method, take one fact and let it speak for itself. Napoleon left a 遺産／遺物 in a codicil to his will to a man who tried to assassinate Wellington. There is the mediaeval Italian again! He was no more a Corsican than the Englishman born in India is a Hindoo. Read the lives of the Borgias, the Sforzas, the Medicis, and of all the lustful, cruel, 幅の広い-minded, art- loving, talented despots of the little Italian 明言する／公表するs, 含むing Genoa, from which the Buonapartes migrated. There at once you get the real 降下／家系 of the man, with all the stigmata （疑いを）晴らす upon him—the outward 静める, the inward passion, the 層 of snow above the 火山, everything which characterized the old despots of his native land, the pupils of Machiavelli, but all raised to the dimensions of genius. You can whitewash him as you may, but you will never get a 層厚い enough to cover the stain of that 冷淡な-血d 審議する／熟考する裏書，是認 of his noble adversary's 暗殺.

Another 調書をとる／予約する which gives an extraordinarily vivid picture of the man is this one—the Memoirs of Madame de Remusat. She was in daily 接触する with him at the 法廷，裁判所, and she 熟考する／考慮するd him with those quick 批判的な注目する，もくろむs of a clever woman, the most unerring things in life when they are not blinded by love. If you have read those pages, you feel that you know him as if you had yourself seen and talked with him. His singular mixture of the small and the 広大な／多数の／重要な, his 抱擁する sweep of imagination, his very 限られた／立憲的な knowledge, his 激しい egotism, his impatience of 障害s, his boorishness, his 甚だしい／１２ダース impertinence to women, his diabolical playing upon the weak 味方する of every one with whom he （機の）カム in 接触する—they （不足などを）補うの中で them one of the most striking of historical portraits.

Most of my 調書をとる／予約するs を取り引きする the days of his greatness, but here, you see, is a three-容積／容量 account of those 疲れた／うんざりした years at St. Helena. Who can help pitying the mewed eagle? And yet if you play the 広大な／多数の／重要な game you must 支払う／賃金 a 火刑／賭ける. This was the same man who had a 王室の duke 発射 in a 溝へはまらせる／不時着する because he was a danger to his 王位. Was not he himself a danger to every 王位 in Europe? Why so 厳しい a 退却／保養地 as St. Helena, you say? Remember that he had been put in a milder one before, that he had broken away from it, and that the lives of fifty thousand men had paid for the mistaken leniency. All this is forgotten now, and the pathetic picture of the modern Prometheus chained to his 激しく揺する and devoured by the vultures of his own bitter thoughts, is the one impression which the world has 保持するd. It is always so much easier to follow the emotions than the 推論する／理由, 特に where a cheap magnanimity and second-手渡す generosity are 伴う／関わるd. But 推論する／理由 must still 主張する that Europe's 治療 of Napoleon was not vindictive, and that Hudson Lowe was a man who tried to live up to the 信用 which had been committed to him by his country.

It was certainly not a 地位，任命する from which any one would hope for credit. If he were slack and 平易な-going all would be 井戸／弁護士席. But there would be the chance of a second flight with its consequences. If he were strict and assiduous he would be assuredly 代表するd as a petty tyrant. "I am glad when you are on outpost," said Lowe's general in some （選挙などの）運動をする, "for then I am sure of a sound 残り／休憩（する）." He was on outpost at St. Helena, and because he was true to his 義務s Europe (フラン含むd) had a sound 残り／休憩（する）. But he 購入（する）d it at the price of his own 評判. The greatest schemer in the world, having nothing else on which to vent his energies, turned them all to the 仕事 of vilifying his 後見人. It was natural enough that he who had never known 支配（する）／統制する should not brook it now. It is natural also that sentimentalists who have not thought of the 詳細（に述べる）s should take the Emperor's point of 見解（をとる）. What is deplorable, however, is that our own people should be misled by one-味方するd accounts, and that they should throw to the wolves a man who was serving his country in a 地位，任命する of 苦悩 and danger, with such 責任／義務 upon him as few could ever have 耐えるd. Let them remember Montholon's 発言／述べる: "An angel from heaven would not have 満足させるd us." Let them 解任する also that Lowe with ample 構成要素 never once troubled to 明言する／公表する his own 事例／患者. "Je fais mon devoir et suis indifferent 注ぐ le 残り／休憩（する）," said he, in his interview with the Emperor. They were no idle words.

Apart from this particular 時代, French literature, which is so rich in all its 支店s, is richest of all in its memoirs. Whenever there was anything of 利益／興味 going 今後 there was always some kindly gossip who knew all about it, and was ready to 始める，決める it 負かす／撃墜する for the 利益 of posterity. Our own history has not nearly enough of these charming sidelights. Look at our sailors in the Napoleonic wars, for example. They played an 時代-making part. For nearly twenty years Freedom was a 難民 upon the seas. Had our 海軍 been swept away, then all Europe would have been one 組織するd 先制政治. At times everybody was against us, fighting against their own direct 利益／興味s under the 圧力 of that terrible 手渡す. We fought on the waters with the French, with the Spaniards, with the Danes, with the ロシアのs, with the Turks, even with our American kinsmen. Middies grew into 地位，任命する-captains, and 海軍大将s into dotards during that 長引かせるd struggle. And what have we in literature to show for it all? Marryat's novels, many of which are 設立するd upon personal experience, Nelson's and Collingwood's letters, Lord Cochrane's biography—that is about all. I wish we had more of Collingwood, for he （権力などを）行使するd a 罰金 pen. Do you remember the sonorous 開始 of his Trafalgar message to his captains?—

"The ever to be lamented death of Lord Viscount Nelson, Duke of Bronte, the 指揮官-in-長，指導者, who fell in the 活動／戦闘 of the 21st, in the 武器 of Victory, covered with glory, whose memory will be ever dear to the British 海軍 and the British Nation; whose zeal for the honour of his king and for the 利益／興味s of his country will be ever held up as a 向こうずねing example for a British 船員—leaves to me a 義務 to return thanks, etc., etc."

It was a worthy 宣告，判決 to carry such a message, written too in a 激怒（する）ing tempest, with 沈むing 大型船s all around him. But in the main it is a poor 刈る from such a 国／地域. No 疑問 our sailors were too busy to do much 令状ing, but 非，不，無 the いっそう少なく one wonders that の中で so many thousands there were not some to understand what a treasure their experiences would be to their 子孫s. I can call to mind the old three-deckers which used to rot in Portsmouth Harbour, and I have often thought, could they tell their tales, what a 行方不明の一時期／支部 in our literature they could 供給（する）.

It is not only in Napoleonic memoirs that the French are so fortunate. The almost 平等に利益／興味ing age of Louis XIV. produced an even more wonderful series. If you go 深く，強烈に into the 支配する you are amazed by their number, and you feel as if every one at the 法廷，裁判所 of the Roi Soleil had done what he (or she) could to give away their 隣人s. Just to take the more obvious, there are St. Simon's Memoirs—those in themselves give us a more 包括的な and intimate 見解（をとる） of the age than anything I know of which 扱う／治療するs of the times of Queen Victoria. Then there is St. Evremond, who is nearly as 完全にする. Do you want the 見解（をとる） of a woman of 質? There are the letters of Madame de Sevigne (eight 容積／容量s of them), perhaps the most wonderful 一連の letters that any woman has ever penned. Do you want the 自白s of a rake of the period? Here are the too salacious memoirs of the mischievous Duc de Roquelaure, not reading for the nursery certainly, not even for the boudoir, but a strange and very intimate picture of the times. All these 調書をとる／予約するs fit into each other, for the characters of the one 再現する in the others. You come to know them やめる familiarly before you have finished, their loves and their hates, their duels, their intrigues, and their ultimate fortunes. If you do not care to go so 深く，強烈に into it you have only to put Julia Pardoe's four- 容積／容量d "法廷，裁判所 of Louis XIV." upon your shelf, and you will find a very admirable condensation—or a distillation rather, for most of the salt is left behind. There is another 調書をとる／予約する too—that big one on the 底（に届く） shelf—which 持つ／拘留するs it all between its brown and gold covers. An extravagance that—for it cost me some 君主s—but it is something to have the portraits of all that wonderful 星雲, of Louis, of the devout Maintenon, of the frail Montespan, of Bossuet, Fenelon, Moliere, Racine, Pascal, Conde, Turenne, and all the saints and sinners of the age. If you want to make yourself a 現在の, and chance upon a copy of "The 法廷，裁判所 and Times of Louis XIV.," you will never think that your money has been wasted.

井戸／弁護士席, I have bored you unduly, my 患者 friend, with my love of memoirs, Napoleonic and さもなければ, which give a touch of human 利益／興味 to the arid 記録，記録的な／記録するs of history. Not that history should be arid. It せねばならない be the most 利益／興味ing 支配する upon earth, the story of ourselves, of our forefathers, of the human race, the events which made us what we are, and wherein, if Weismann's 見解（をとる）s 持つ／拘留する the field, some microscopic fraction of this very 団体／死体 which for the instant we chance to 住む may have borne a part. But unfortunately the 力／強力にする of 蓄積するing knowledge and that of imparting it are two very different things, and the uninspired historian becomes 単に the dignified compiler of an 大きくするd almanac. Worst of all, when a man does come along with fancy and imagination, who can breathe the breath of life into the 乾燥した，日照りの bones, it is the fashion for the dryasdusts to belabour him, as one who has wandered away from the 正統派の path and must やむを得ず be 不確かの. So Froude was attacked. So also Macaulay in his day. But both will be read when the pedants are forgotten. If I were asked my very ideal of how history should be written, I think I should point to those two 列／漕ぐ／騒動s on yonder shelf, the one M'Carthy's "History of Our Own Times," the other Lecky's "History of England in the Eighteenth Century." Curious that each should have been written by an Irishman, and that though of opposite politics and living in an age when Irish 事件／事情／状勢s have 原因（となる）d such bitterness, both should be 目だつ not 単に for all literary graces, but for that 幅の広い toleration which sees every 味方する of a question, and 扱うs every problem from the point of 見解（をとる） of the philosophic 観察者／傍聴者 and never of the sectarian 同志／支持者.

By the way, talking of history, have you read Parkman's 作品? He was, I think, の中で the very greatest of the historians, and yet one seldom hears his 指名する. A New England man by birth, and 令状ing principally of the 早期に history of the American 解決／入植地s and of French Canada, it is perhaps excusable that he should have no 広大な／多数の／重要な vogue in England, but even の中で Americans I have 設立する many who have not read him. There are four of his 容積／容量s in green and gold 負かす／撃墜する yonder, "The Jesuits in Canada," and "Frontenac," but there are others, all of them 井戸／弁護士席価値（がある） reading, "開拓するs of フラン," "Montcalm and Wolfe," "発見 of the 広大な／多数の／重要な West," etc. Some day I hope to have a 完全にする始める，決める.

Taking only that one 調書をとる／予約する, "The Jesuits in Canada," it is 価値（がある） a 評判 in itself. And how noble a 尊敬の印 is this which a man of Puritan 血支払う／賃金s to that wonderful Order! He shows how in the heyday of their enthusiasm these 勇敢に立ち向かう兵士s of the Cross 侵略するd Canada as they did 中国 and every other place where danger was to be 直面するd, and a horrible death to be 設立する. I don't care what 約束 a man may profess, or whether he be a Christian at all, but he cannot read these true 記録，記録的な／記録するs without feeling that the very highest that man has ever 発展させるd in sanctity and devotion was to be 設立するの中で these marvellous men. They were indeed the 開拓するs of civilization, for apart from doctrines they brought の中で the savages the highest European culture, and in their own deportment an 反対する-lesson of how chastely, austerely, and nobly men could live. フラン has sent myriads of 勇敢に立ち向かう men on to her 戦場s, but in all her long 記録，記録的な／記録する of glory I do not think that she can point to any courage so 確固たる and so 絶対 heroic as that of the men of the Iroquois 使節団.

How nobly they lived makes the 団体／死体 of the 調書をとる／予約する, how serenely they died forms the end to it. It is a tale which cannot even now be read without a shudder—a nightmare of horrors. Fanaticism may を締める a man to hurl himself into oblivion, as the Mahdi's hordes did before Khartoum, but one feels that it is at least a higher 開発 of such emotion, where men slowly and in 冷淡な血耐える so thankless a life, and welcome so dreadful an end. Every 約束 can 平等に誇る its 殉教者s—a painful thought, since it shows how many thousands must have given their 血 for error —but in 証言するing to their 約束 these 勇敢に立ち向かう men have 証言するd to something more important still, to the subjugation of the 団体／死体 and to the 絶対の最高位 of the 支配するing spirit.

The story of Father Jogue is but one of many, and yet it is 価値（がある） recounting, as showing the spirit of the men. He also was on the Iroquois 使節団, and was so 拷問d and mutilated by his 甘い parishioners that the very dogs used to howl at his distorted 人物／姿／数字. He made his way 支援する to フラン, not for any 推論する／理由 of personal 残り／休憩（する） or 回復する, but because he needed a special 免除 to say 集まり. The カトリック教徒 Church has a 規則 that a priest shall not be deformed, so that the savages with their knives had wrought better than they knew. He received his 免除 and was sent for by Louis XIV., who asked him what he could do for him. No 疑問 the 組み立てる／集結するd courtiers 推定する／予想するd to hear him ask for the next 空いている Bishopric. What he did 現実に ask for, as the highest favour, was to be sent 支援する to the Iroquois 使節団, where the savages signalized his arrival by 燃やすing him alive.

Parkman is 価値（がある） reading, if it were only for his account of the Indians. Perhaps the very strangest thing about them, and the most unaccountable, is their small numbers. The Iroquois were one of the most formidable of tribes. They were of the Five Nations, whose scalping-parties wandered over an expanse of thousands of square miles. Yet there is good 推論する／理由 to 疑問 whether the whole five nations could have put as many thousand 軍人s in the field. It was the same with all the other tribes of Northern Americans, both in the east, the north, and the west. Their numbers were always insignificant. And yet they had that 抱擁する country to themselves, the best of 気候s, and plenty of food. Why was it that they did not people it thickly? It may be taken as a striking example of the 目的 and design which run through the 事件／事情／状勢s of men, that at the very moment when the old world was ready to 洪水 the new world was empty to receive it. Had North America been peopled as 中国 is peopled, the Europeans might have 設立するd some 解決／入植地s, but could never have taken 所有／入手 of the continent. Buffon has made the striking 発言／述べる that the creative 力／強力にする appeared to have never had 広大な／多数の／重要な vigour in America. He alluded to the 豊富 of the flora and fauna as compared with that of other 広大な／多数の／重要な分割s of the earth's surface. Whether the numbers of the Indians are an illustration of the same fact, or whether there is some special 原因（となる）, is beyond my very modest 科学の attainments. When one 反映するs upon the countless herds of bison which used to cover the Western plains, or 示すs in the 現在の day the race 統計（学） of the French Canadians at one end of the continent, and of the Southern negro at the other, it seems absurd to suppose that there is any geographical 推論する／理由 against Nature 存在 as prolific here as どこかよそで. However, these be deeper waters, and with your leave we will get 支援する into my usual six-インチ wading-depth once more.

CHAPTER X

I DON'T know how those two little 調書をとる／予約するs got in there. They are Henley's "Song of the Sword" and "調書をとる／予約する of 詩（を作る）s." They せねばならない be over yonder in the rather 限られた／立憲的な Poetry Section. Perhaps it is that I like his work so, whether it be prose or 詩（を作る）, and so have put them ready to my 手渡す. He was a remarkable man, a man who was very much greater than his work, 広大な／多数の／重要な as some of his work was. I have seldom known a personality more 磁石の and 刺激するing. You left his presence, as a 殴打／砲列 leaves a 生成するing 駅／配置する, 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d up and 十分な. He made you feel what a lot of work there was to be done, and how glorious it was to be able to do it, and how needful to get started upon it that very hour. With the でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる and the vitality of a 巨大（な） he was cruelly bereft of all 出口 for his strength, and so distilled it off in hot words, in warm sympathy, in strong prejudices, in all manner of human and 刺激するing emotions. Much of the time and energy which might have built an imperishable 指名する for himself was spent in encouraging others; but it was not waste, for he left his 幅の広い thumb-示す upon all that passed beneath it. A dozen second-手渡す Henleys are 防備を堅める／強化するing our literature to-day.

式のs that we have so little of his very best! for that very best was the finest of our time. Few poets ever wrote sixteen 連続した lines more noble and more strong than those which begin with the 井戸／弁護士席-known quatrain—

"Out of the night that covers me,
黒人／ボイコット as the 炭坑，オーケストラ席 from 政治家 to 政治家,
I thank whatever Gods there be
For my unconquerable soul."

It is grand literature, and it is grand pluck too; for it （機の）カム from a man who, through no fault of his own, had been pruned, and pruned again, like an ill-grown shrub, by the 外科医's knife. When he said—

"In the fell clutch of Circumstance
I have not winced nor cried aloud,
Beneath the bludgeonings of Chance
My 長，率いる is 血まみれの but unbowed."

It was not what Lady Byron called "the mimic woe" of the poet, but it was rather the grand 反抗 of the Indian 軍人 at the 火刑／賭ける, whose proud soul can 持つ／拘留する in 手渡す his quivering 団体／死体.

There were two やめる際立った veins of poetry in Henley, each the very extreme from the other. The one was heroic, gigantic, running to large 広範囲にわたる images and 雷鳴ing words. Such are the "Song of the Sword" and much more that he has written, like the wild singing of some Northern scald. The other, and to my mind both the more characteristic and the finer 味方する of his work, is delicate, 正確な, finely etched, with extraordinarily vivid little pictures drawn in carefully phrased and balanced English. Such are the "Hospital 詩（を作る）s," while the "London Voluntaries" stand 中途の between the two styles. What! you have not read the "Hospital 詩（を作る）s!" Then get the "調書をとる／予約する of 詩（を作る）s" and read them without 延期する. You will surely find something there which, for good or ill, is unique. You can 指名する—or at least I can 指名する—nothing to compare it with. Goldsmith and Crabbe have written of indoor 主題s; but their monotonous, if majestic metre, 疲れた／うんざりしたs the modern reader. But this is so 変化させるd, so 柔軟な, so 劇の. It stands by itself. Confound the 週刊誌定期刊行物s and all the other 雷 conductors which 原因（となる）d such a man to pass away, and to leave a total 生産（高） of about five booklets behind him!

However, all this is an 絶対の digression, for the 調書をとる／予約するs had no 商売／仕事 in this shelf at all. This corner is meant for chronicles of さまざまな sorts. Here are three in a line, which carry you over a splendid stretch of French (which usually means European) history, each, as luck would have it, beginning just about the time when the other leaves off. The first is Froissart, the second de Monstrelet, and the third de Comines. When you have read the three you have the best 同時代の account first 手渡す of かなり more than a century—a fair slice out of the total written 記録，記録的な／記録する of the human race.

Froissart is always splendid. If you 願望（する） to 避ける the mediaeval French, which only a specialist can read with 楽しみ, you can get Lord Berners' almost 平等に mediaeval, but very charming English, or you can turn to a modern translation, such as this one of Johnes. A 選び出す／独身 page of Lord Berners is delightful; but it is a 緊張する, I think, to read bulky 容積／容量s in an archaic style. 本人自身で, I prefer the modern, and even with that you have shown some patience before you have reached the end of that big second tome.

I wonder whether, at the time, the old Hainault Canon had any idea of what he was doing—whether it ever flashed across his mind that the day might come when his 調書をとる／予約する would be the one 広大な／多数の／重要な当局, not only about the times in which he lived, but about the whole 会・原則 of chivalry? I 恐れる that it is far more likely that his whole 反対する was to 伸び（る） some mundane advantage from the さまざまな barons and knights whose 指名するs and 行為s be recounts. He has left it on 記録，記録的な／記録する, for example, that when he visited the 法廷，裁判所 of England he took with him a handsomely-bound copy of his work; and, doubtless, if one could follow the good Canon one would find his 旅行s littered with 類似の copies which were probably expensive gifts to the 受取人, for what return would a knightly soul make for a 調書をとる／予約する which enshrined his own valour?

But without looking too curiously into his 動機s, it must be 認める that the work could not have been done more 完全に. There is something of Herodotus in the Canon's cheery, chatty, garrulous, take-it-or-leave-it manner. But he has the advantage of the old Greek in 正確. Considering that he belonged to the same age which 厳粛に受託するd the travellers' tales of Sir John Maundeville, it is, I think, remarkable how careful and 正確な the chronicler is. Take, for example, his description of Scotland and the Scotch. Some would give the credit to ジーンズ-le-Bel, but that is another 事柄. Scotch descriptions are a 支配する over which a fourteenth-century Hainaulter might 公正に／かなり be 許すd a little 範囲 for his imagination. Yet we can see that the account must on the whole have been very 訂正する. The Galloway nags, the girdle-cakes, the bagpipes—every little 詳細（に述べる）（犯罪の）一味s true. ジーンズ-le-Bel was 現実に現在の in a 国境（選挙などの）運動をする, and from him Froissart got his 構成要素; but he has never 試みる／企てるd to embroider it, and its 正確, where we can to some extent 実験（する） it, must predispose us to 受託する his accounts where they are beyond our 確定／確認.

But the most 利益／興味ing 部分 of old Froissart's work is that which 取引，協定s with the knights and the knight-errants of his time, their 行為s, their habits, their methods of talking. It is true that he lived himself just a little after the true heyday of chivalry; but he was やめる早期に enough to have met many of the men who had been looked upon as the flower of knighthood of the time. His 調書をとる／予約する was read too, and commented on by these very men (as many of them as could read), and so we may take it that it was no fancy portrait, but a 訂正する picture of these 兵士s which is to be 設立する in it. The accounts are always 一貫した. If you collate the 発言／述べるs and speeches of the knights (as I have had occasion to do) you will find a remarkable uniformity running through them. We may believe then that this really does 代表する the 肉親，親類d of men who fought at Crecy and at Poictiers, in the age when both the French and the Scottish kings were 囚人s in London, and England reached a pitch of 軍の glory which has perhaps never been equalled in her history.

In one 尊敬（する）・点 these knights 異なる from anything which we have had 現在のd to us in our historical romances. To turn to the 最高の romancer, you will find that Scott's mediaeval knights were usually muscular 競技者s in the prime of life: Bois-Guilbert, 前線-de-Boeuf, Richard, Ivanhoe, Count Robert—they all were such. But occasionally the most famous of Froissart's knights were old, 手足を不自由にする／（物事を）損なうd and blinded. Chandos, the best lance of his day, must have been over seventy when he lost his life through 存在告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d upon the 味方する on which he had already lost an 注目する，もくろむ. He was 井戸／弁護士席 on to that age when he 棒 out from the English army and slew the Spanish 支持する／優勝者, big Marten Ferrara, upon the morning of Navaretta. 青年 and strength were very useful, no 疑問, 特に where 激しい armour had to be carried, but once on the horse's 支援する the gallant steed 供給（する）d the muscles. In an English 追跡（する）ing-field many a doddering old man, when he is once 堅固に seated in his familiar saddle, can give points to the youngsters at the game. So it was の中で the knights, and those who had 生き延びるd all else could still carry to the wars their wiliness, their experience with 武器, and, above all, their 冷静な／正味の and undaunted courage.

Beneath his varnish of chivalry, it cannot be gainsayed that the knight was often a 血まみれの and ferocious barbarian. There was little ４半期/4分の1 in his wars, save when a 身代金 might be （人命などを）奪う，主張するd. But with all his savagery, he was a light-hearted creature, like a formidable boy playing a dreadful game. He was true also to his own curious code, and, so far as his own class went, his feelings were genial and 同情的な, even in 戦争. There was no personal feeling or bitterness as there might be now in a war between Frenchmen and Germans. On the contrary, the 対抗者s were very softspoken and polite to each other. "Is there any small 公約する of which I may relieve you?" "Would you 願望（する） to 試みる／企てる some small 行為 of 武器 upon me?" And in the 中央 of a fight they would stop for a breather, and converse 友好的に the while, with many compliments upon each other's prowess. When Seaton the Scotsman had 交流d as many blows as he wished with a company of French knights, he said, "Thank you, gentlemen, thank you!" and galloped away. An English knight made a 公約する, "for his own 進歩 and the exaltation of his lady," that he would ride into the 敵意を持った city of Paris, and touch with his lance the inner 障壁. The whole story is most characteristic of the times. As he galloped up, the French knights around the 障壁, seeing that he was under 公約する, made no attack upon him, and called out to him that he had carried himself 井戸／弁護士席. As he returned, however, there stood an unmannerly butcher with a 政治家- axe upon the 味方する-walk, who struck him as he passed, and killed him. Here ends the chronicler; but I have not the least 疑問 that the butcher had a very evil time at the 手渡すs of the French knights, who would not stand by and see one of their own order, even if he were an enemy, 会合，会う so plebeian an end.

De Comines, as a chronicler, is いっそう少なく quaint and more 従来の than Froissart, but the writer of romance can dig plenty of 石／投石するs out of that quarry for the use of his own little building. Of course Quentin Durward has come bodily out of the pages of De Comines. The whole history of Louis XI. and his relations with Charles the Bold, the strange life at Plessis-le- 小旅行するs, the plebeian courtiers, the barber and the hangman, the astrologers, the alternations of savage cruelty and of slavish superstition —it is all 始める，決める前へ／外へ here. One would imagine that such a 君主 was unique, that such a mixture of strange 質s and monstrous 罪，犯罪s could never be matched, and yet like 原因（となる）s will always produce like results. Read Walewski's "Life of Ivan the Terrible," and you will find that more than a century later Russia produced a 君主 even more diabolical, but working 正確に／まさに on the same lines as Louis, even 負かす／撃墜する to small 詳細（に述べる）s. The same cruelty, the same superstition, the same astrologers, the same low-born associates, the same 住居 outside the 影響（力） of the 広大な／多数の／重要な cities —a 平行の could hardly be more 完全にする. If you have not supped too 十分な of horrors when you have finished Ivan, then pass on to the same author's account of Peter the 広大な／多数の／重要な. What a land! What a succession of 君主s! 血 and snow and アイロンをかける! Both Ivan and Peter killed their own sons. And there is a hideous mockery of 宗教 running through it all which gives it a grotesque horror of its own. We have had our Henry the Eighth, but our very worst would have been a wise and benevolent 支配する in Russia.

Talking of romance and of chivalry, that tattered 調書をとる／予約する負かす／撃墜する yonder has as much between its disreputable covers as most that I know. It is Washington Irving's "Conquest of Granada." I do not know where he got his 構成要素 for this 調書をとる／予約する—from Spanish Chronicles, I 推定する—but the wars between the Moors and the Christian knights must have been の中で the most chivalrous of 偉業／利用するs. I could not 指名する a 調書をとる／予約する which gets the beauty and the glamour of it better than this one, the lance-長，率いるs gleaming in the dark defiles, the red bale 解雇する／砲火／射撃s glowing on the crags, the 厳しい devotion of the mail-覆う？ Christians, the debonnaire and courtly courage of the dashing Moslem. Had Washington Irving written nothing else, that 調書をとる／予約する alone should have 軍隊d the door of every library. I love all his 調書をとる／予約するs, for no man wrote fresher English with a purer style; but of them all it is still "The Conquest of Granada" to which I turn most often.

To hark 支援する for a moment to history as seen in romances, here are two exotics 味方する by 味方する, which have a flavour that is new. They are a を締める of foreign 小説家s, each of whom, so far as I know, has only two 調書をとる／予約するs. This green-and-gold 容積／容量含む／封じ込めるs both the 作品 of the Pomeranian Meinhold in an excellent translation by Lady Wilde. The first is "Sidonia the Sorceress," the second, "The Amber Witch." I don't know where one may turn for a stranger 見解（をとる） of the Middle Ages, the quaint 詳細（に述べる）s of simple life, with sudden intervals of grotesque savagery. The most weird and barbarous things are made human and comprehensible. There is one 出来事/事件 which haunts one after one has read it, where the executioner chaffers with the 村人s as to what price they will give him for putting some young witch to the 拷問, running them up from a バーレル／樽 of apples to a バーレル／樽 and a half, on the grounds that he is now old and rheumatic, and that the stooping and 緊張するing is bad for his 支援する. It should be done on a sloping hill, he explains, so that the "dear little children" may see it easily. Both "Sidonia" and "The Amber Witch" give such a picture of old Germany as I have never seen どこかよそで.

But Meinhold belongs to a bygone 世代. This other author, in whom I find a new 公式文書，認める, and one of 広大な／多数の／重要な力／強力にする, is Merejkowski, who is, if I mistake not, young and with his career still before him. "The Forerunner" and "The Death of the Gods" are the only two 調書をとる／予約するs of his which I have been able to 得る, but the pictures of Renaissance Italy in the one, and of 拒絶する／低下するing Rome in the other, are in my opinion の中で the masterpieces of fiction. I 自白する that as I read them I was pleased to find how open my mind was to new impressions, for one of the greatest mental dangers which comes upon a man as he grows older is that he should become so 大（公）使館員d to old favourites that he has no room for the new-comer, and 説得するs himself that the days of 広大な／多数の／重要な things are at an end because his own poor brain is getting ossified. You have but to open any 批判的な paper to see how ありふれた is the 病気, but a knowledge of literary history 保証するs us that it has always been the same, and that if the young writer is discouraged by 逆の comparisons it has been the ありふれた lot from the beginning. He has but one 資源, which is to 支払う／賃金 no 注意する to 批評, but to try to 満足させる his own highest 基準 and leave the 残り／休憩（する） to time and the public. Here is a little bit of doggerel, pinned, as you see, beside my bookcase, which may in a ruffled hour bring peace and 指導／手引 to some younger brother—

"Critics 肉親，親類d—never mind!
Critics flatter—no 事柄!
Critics 非難する—all the same!
Critics 悪口を言う／悪態—非，不，無 the worse!
Do your best—the 残り／休憩（する）!"

CHAPTER XI

I HAVE been talking in the past 緊張した of heroes and of knight-errants, but surely their day is not yet passed. When the earth has all been 調査するd, when the last savage has been tamed, when the final 大砲 has been scrapped, and the world has settled 負かす／撃墜する into 無傷の virtue and unutterable dulness, men will cast their thoughts 支援する to our age, and will idealize our romance and—our courage, even as we do that of our distant forbears. "It is wonderful what these people did with their rude 器具／実施するs and their 限られた／立憲的な器具s!" That is what they will say when they read of our 探検s, our voyages, and our wars.

Now, take that first 調書をとる／予約する on my travel shelf. It is Knight's "巡航する of the Falcon." Nature was 有罪の of the pun which put this soul into a 団体／死体 so 指名するd. Read this simple 記録，記録的な／記録する and tell me if there is anything in Hakluyt more wonderful. Two landsmen—solicitors, if I remember 権利— go 負かす／撃墜する to Southampton Quay. They 選ぶ up a long-shore 青年, and they 乗る，着手する in a tiny boat in which they put to sea. Where do they turn up? At Buenos Ayres. Thence they 侵入する to Paraquay, return to the West Indies, sell their little boat there, and so home. What could the Elizabethan 水夫s have done more? There are no Spanish galleons now to 変化させる the monotony of such a voyage, but had there been I am very 確かな our adventurers would have had their 株 of the doubloons. But surely it was the nobler when done out of the pure lust of adventure and in answer to the call of the sea, with no golden bait to draw them on. The old spirit still lives, disguise it as you will with 最高の，を越す hats, frock coats, and all prosaic settings. Perhaps even they also will seem romantic when centuries have blurred them.

Another 調書をとる／予約する which shows the romance and the heroism which still ぐずぐず残る upon earth is that large copy of the "Voyage of the 発見 in the 南極の" by Captain Scott. Written in plain sailor fashion with no 試みる／企てる at over-声明 or colour, it 非，不，無 the いっそう少なく (or perhaps all the more) leaves a 深い impression upon the mind. As one reads it, and 反映するs on what one reads, one seems to get a （疑いを）晴らす見解（をとる） of just those 質s which make the best 肉親，親類d of Briton. Every nation produces 勇敢に立ち向かう men. Every nation has men of energy. But there is a 確かな type which mixes its bravery and its energy with a gentle modesty and a boyish good-humour, and it is just this type which is the highest. Here the whole 探検隊／遠征隊 seem to have been imbued with the spirit of their 指揮官. No flinching, no 不平（をいう）ing, every 不快 taken as a jest, no thought of self, each working only for the success of the 企業. When you have read of such privations so 耐えるd and so chronicled, it makes one ashamed to show emotion over the small annoyances of daily life. Read of Scott's blinded, scurvy-struck party staggering on to their goal, and then complain, if you can, of the heat of a northern sun, or the dust of a country road.

That is one of the 証拠不十分s of modern life. We complain too much. We are not ashamed of complaining. Time was when it was さもなければ—when it was thought effeminate to complain. The Gentleman should always be the Stoic, with his soul too 広大な／多数の／重要な to be 影響する／感情d by the small troubles of life. "You look 冷淡な, sir," said an English sympathizer to a French 亡命者. The fallen noble drew himself up in his threadbare coat. "Sir," said he, "a gentleman is never 冷淡な." One's consideration for others 同様に as one's own self-尊敬（する）・点 should check the 不平（をいう）. This self- 鎮圧, and also the concealment of 苦痛 are two of the old noblesse 強いる特徴 which are now little more than a tradition. Public opinion should be firmer on the 事柄. The man who must hop because his 向こうずね is 切り開く／タクシー／不正アクセスd, or wring his 手渡す because his knuckles are bruised should be made to feel that he is an 反対する not of pity, but of contempt.

The tradition of 北極の探検 is a noble one の中で Americans 同様に as ourselves. The next 調書をとる／予約する is a 事例／患者 in point. It is Greely's "北極の Service," and it is a worthy shelf- companion to Scott's "Account of the Voyage of the 発見." There are 出来事/事件s in this 調書をとる／予約する which one can never forget. The episode of those twenty-半端物 men lying upon that horrible bluff, and dying one a day from 冷淡な and hunger and scurvy, is one which dwarfs all our puny 悲劇s of romance. And the gallant 餓死するing leader giving lectures on abstract science in an 試みる／企てる to take the thoughts of the dying men away from their sufferings—what a picture! It is bad to を煩う冷淡な and bad to を煩う hunger, and bad to live in the dark; but that men could do all these things for six months on end, and that some should live to tell the tale, is, indeed, a marvel. What a world of feeling lies in the exclamation of the poor dying 中尉／大尉／警部補: "井戸／弁護士席, this is wretched," he groaned, as he turned his 直面する to the 塀で囲む.

The Anglo-Celtic race has always run to individualism, and yet there is 非，不，無 which is 有能な of conceiving and carrying out a finer ideal of discipline. There is nothing in Roman or Grecian annals, not even the 溶岩-baked 歩哨 at Pompeii, which gives a more 厳しく罰金反対する-lesson in 義務 than the young 新採用するs of the British army who went 負かす／撃墜する in their 階級s on the Birkenhead. And this 探検隊／遠征隊 of Greely's gave rise to another example which seems to me hardly いっそう少なく remarkable. You may remember, if you have read the 調書をとる／予約する, that even when there were only about eight unfortunates still left, hardly able to move for 証拠不十分 and hunger, the seven took the 半端物 man out upon the ice, and 発射 him dead for 違反 of discipline. The whole grim 訴訟／進行 was carried out with as much method and 調印 of papers, as if they were all within sight of the （ワシントンの）連邦議会議事堂 at Washington. His offence had consisted, so far as I can remember, of stealing and eating the thong which bound two 部分s of the sledge together, something about as appetizing as a bootlace. It is only fair to the 指揮官 to say, however, that it was one of a 一連のこそどろs, and that the thong of a sledge might mean life or death to the whole party.

本人自身で I must 自白する that anything 耐えるing upon the 北極の Seas is always of the deepest 利益／興味 to me. He who has once been within the 国境s of that mysterious 地域, which can be both the most lovely and the most repellent upon earth, must always 保持する something of its glamour. Standing on the 限定するs of known 地理学 I have 発射 the southward 飛行機で行くing ducks, and have taken from their gizzards pebbles which they have swallowed in some land whose shores no human foot has trod. The memory of that inexpressible 空気／公表する, of the 広大な／多数の／重要な ice-girt lakes of 深い blue water, of the cloudless sky shading away into a light green and then into a 冷淡な yellow at the horizon, of the noisy companionable birds, of the 抱擁する, greasy-支援するd water animals, of the slug-like 調印（する）s, startlingly 黒人／ボイコット against the dazzling whiteness of the ice—all of it will come 支援する to a man in his dreams, and will seem little more than some fantastic dream itself, go 除去するd is it from the main stream of his life. And then to play a fish a hundred トンs in 負わせる, and 価値（がある） two thousand 続けざまに猛撃するs—but what in the world has all this to do with my bookcase?

Yet it has its place in my main line of thought, for it leads me straight to the very next upon the shelf, Bullen's "巡航する of the Cachelot," a 調書をとる／予約する which is 十分な of the glamour and the mystery of the sea, marred only by the brutality of those who go 負かす／撃墜する to it in ships. This is the sperm-鯨 fishing, an open-sea 事件／事情／状勢, and very different from that Greenland ice groping in which I served a seven-months' 見習いの身分制度. Both, I 恐れる, are things of the past—certainly the northern fishing is so, for why should men 危険 their lives to get oil when one has but to 沈む a 麻薬を吸う in the ground. It is the more fortunate then that it should have been 扱うd by one of the most virile writers who has 述べるd a sailor's life. Bullen's English at its best rises to a 広大な／多数の／重要な高さ. If I wished to show how high, I would take that next 調書をとる／予約する負かす／撃墜する, "Sea Idylls."

How is this, for example, if you have an ear for the music of prose? It is a simple paragraph out of the magnificent description of a long 静める in the tropics.

"A change, unusual as unwholesome, （機の）カム over the 有望な blue of the sea. No longer did it 反映する, as in a limpid mirror, the splendour of the sun, the 甘い silvery glow of the moon, or the coruscating clusters of countless 星／主役にするs. Like the ashen-grey hue that bedims the countenance of the dying, a filmy greasy 肌 appeared to overspread the 最近の loveliness of the ocean surface. The sea was sick, 沈滞した, and foul, from its turbid waters arose a miasmatic vapour like a breath of decay, which clung clammily to the palate and dulled all the senses. Drawn by some strange 軍隊, from the unfathomable depths below, eerie 形態／調整s sought the surface, blinking glassily at the unfamiliar glare they had 交流d for their native gloom—uncouth creatures bedight with tasselled fringes like 少しのd-growths waving around them, fathom-long, medusae with coloured 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs like 注目する，もくろむs clustering all over their transparent 実体, wriggling worm- like forms of such elusive 事柄 that the smallest （危険などに）さらす to the sun melted them, and they were not. Lower 負かす／撃墜する, 広大な pale 影をつくる／尾行するs creep sluggishly along, happily undistinguishable as yet, but 追加するing a half-familiar flavour to the strange, faint smell that hung about us."

Take the whole of that essay which 述べるs a 静める in the Tropics, or take the other one "Sunrise as seen from the Crow's- nest," and you must 収容する／認める that there have been few finer pieces of descriptive English in our time. If I had to choose a sea library of only a dozen 容積／容量s I should certainly give Bullen two places. The others? 井戸／弁護士席, it is so much a 事柄 of individual taste. "Tom Cringle's スピードを出す／記録につける" should have one for 確かな . I hope boys 答える／応じる now as they once did to the sharks and the 著作権侵害者s, the planters, and all the rollicking high spirits of that splendid 調書をとる／予約する. Then there is Dana's "Two Years before the Mast." I should find room also for Stevenson's "Wrecker" and "Ebb Tide." Clark Russell deserves a whole shelf for himself, but anyhow you could not 行方不明になる out "The 難破させる of the Grosvenor." Marryat, of course, must be 代表するd, and I should 選ぶ "Midshipman 平易な" and "Peter Simple" as his 見本s. Then throw in one of Melville's Otaheite 調書をとる／予約するs—now far too 完全に forgotten—"Typee" or "Omoo," and as a やめる modern flavour Kipling's "Captains 勇敢な" and Jack London's "Sea Wolf," with Conrad's "Nigger of the Narcissus." Then you will have enough to turn your 熟考する／考慮する into a cabin and bring the wash and 殺到する to your cars, if written words can do it. Oh, how one longs for it いつかs when life grows too 人工的な, and the old Viking 血 begins to 動かす! Surely it must ぐずぐず残る in all of us, for no man who dwells in an island but had an ancestor in longship or in coracle. Still more must the salt 減少（する） tingle in the 血 of an American when you 反映する that in all that 幅の広い continent there is not one whose forefather did not cross 3000 miles of ocean. And yet there are in the Central 明言する／公表するs millions and millions of their 子孫s who have never seen the sea.

I have said that "Omoo" and "Typee," the 調書をとる／予約するs in which the sailor Melville 述べるs his life の中で the Otaheitans, have sunk too 速く into obscurity. What a charming and 利益／興味ing 仕事 there is for some critic of 普遍的な tastes and 同情的な judgment to 請け負う救助（する） work の中で the lost 調書をとる／予約するs which would 返す海難救助! A small 容積／容量 setting 前へ／外へ their 指名するs and their （人命などを）奪う，主張するs to attention would be 利益／興味ing in itself, and more 利益／興味ing in the 構成要素 to which it would serve as an introduction. I am sure there are many good 調書をとる／予約するs, かもしれない there are some 広大な／多数の／重要な ones, which have been swept away for a time in the 急ぐ. What chance, for example, has any 調書をとる／予約する by an unknown author which is published at a moment of 広大な／多数の／重要な国家の excitement, when some public 危機逮捕（する）s the popular mind? Hundreds have been still-born in this fashion, and are there 非，不，無 which should have lived の中で them? Now, there is a 調書をとる／予約する, a modern one, and written by a 青年 under thirty. It is Snaith's "Broke of Covenden," and it 不十分な達成するd a second 版. I do not say that it is a Classic—I should not like to be 肯定的な that it is not—but I am perfectly sure that the man who wrote it has the 可能性 of a Classic within him. Here is another novel—"Eight Days," by Forrest. You can't buy it. You are lucky even if you can find it in a library. Yet nothing ever written will bring the Indian 反乱（を起こす） home to you as this 調書をとる／予約する will do. Here's another which I will 令状 you never heard of. It is Powell's "Animal Episodes." No, it is not a collection of dog-and-cat anecdotes, but it is a 一連の very singularly told stories which を取り引きする the animal 味方する of the human, and which you will feel have an 完全に new flavour if you have a 差別するing palate. The 調書をとる／予約する（機の）カム out ten years ago, and is utterly unknown. If I can point to three in one small shelf, how many lost lights must be flitting in the outer 不明瞭!

Let me hark 支援する for a moment to the 支配する with which I began, the romance of travel and the たびたび（訪れる） heroism of modern life. I have two 調書をとる／予約するs of 科学の探検 here which 展示（する） both these 質s as 堅固に as any I know. I could not choose two better 調書をとる／予約するs to put into a young man's 手渡すs if you wished to train him first in a gentle and noble firmness of mind, and secondly in a 広大な／多数の／重要な love for and 利益／興味 in all that 付随するs to Nature. The one is Darwin's "定期刊行物 of the Voyage of the Beagle." Any discerning 注目する，もくろむ must have （悪事，秘密などを）発見するd long before the "Origin of 種類" appeared, 簡単に on the strength of this 調書をとる／予約する of travel, that a brain of the first order, 部隊d with many rare 質s of character, had arisen. Never was there a more 包括的な mind. Nothing was too small and nothing too 広大な／多数の／重要な for its 警報観察. One page is 占領するd in the 分析 of some peculiarity in the web of a minute spider, while the next 取引，協定s with the 証拠 for the subsidence of a continent and the 絶滅 of a myriad animals. And his sweep of knowledge was so 広大な／多数の／重要な—botany, 地質学, zoology, each lending its corroborative 援助（する） to the other. How a 青年 of Darwin's age—he was only twenty-three when in the year 1831 he started 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the world on the 調査するing ship Beagle—could have acquired such a 集まり of （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） fills one with the same wonder, and is perhaps of the same nature, as the boy musician who 展示（する）s by instinct the touch of the master. Another 質 which one would be いっそう少なく性質の／したい気がして to look for in the savant is a 罰金 contempt for danger, which is 隠すd in such modesty that one reads between the lines ーするために（悪事，秘密などを）発見する it. When he was in the Argentina, the country outside the 解決／入植地s was covered with roving 禁止（する）d of horse Indians, who gave no ４半期/4分の1 to any whites. Yet Darwin 棒 the four hundred miles between Bahia and Buenos Ayres, when even the hardy Gauchos 辞退するd to …を伴って him. Personal danger and a hideous death were small things to him compared to a new beetle or an undescribed 飛行機で行く.

The second 調書をとる／予約する to which I alluded is Wallace's "Malay 群島." There is a strange similarity in the minds of the two men, the same courage, both moral and physical, the same gentle persistence, the same 普遍的な knowledge and wide. sweep of mind, the same passion for the 観察 of Nature. Wallace by a flash of intuition understood and 述べるd in a letter to Darwin the 原因（となる） of the Origin of 種類 at the very time when the latter was publishing a 調書をとる／予約する設立するd upon twenty years' 労働 to 証明する the same 論題／論文. What must have been his feelings when he read that letter? And yet he had nothing to 恐れる, for his 調書をとる／予約する設立する no more enthusiastic admirer than the man who had in a sense 心配するd it. Here also one sees that Science has its heroes no いっそう少なく than 宗教. One of Wallace's 使節団s in Papua was to 診察する the nature and 種類 of the Birds-of-楽園; but in the course of the years of his wanderings through those islands he made a 完全にする調査 of the whole fauna. A footnote somewhere explains that the Papuans who lived in the Bird-of-楽園 country were 確認するd cannibals. Fancy living for years with or 近づく such 隣人s! Let a young fellow read these two 調書をとる／予約するs, and he cannot fail to have both his mind and his spirit 強化するd by the reading.

CHAPTER XII.

HERE we are at the final seance. For the last time, my 患者 comrade, I ask you to make yourself comfortable upon the old green settee, to look up at the oaken 棚上げにするs, and to 耐える with me as best you may while I preach about their contents. The last time! And yet, as I look along the lines of the 容積／容量s, I have not について言及するd one out of ten of those to which I 借りがある a 負債 of 感謝, nor one in a hundred of the thoughts which course through my brain as I look at them. 同様に perhaps, for the man who has said all that he has to say has invariably said too much.

Let me be didactic for a moment! I assume this solemn—oh, call it not pedantic!—態度 because my 注目する，もくろむ catches the small but select corner which 構成するs my library of Science. I 手配中の，お尋ね者 to say that if I were advising a young man who was beginning life, I should counsel him to 充てる one evening a week to 科学の reading. Had he the perseverance to 固執する to his 決意／決議, and if he began it at twenty, he would certainly find himself with an 異常に井戸／弁護士席-furnished mind at thirty, which would stand him in 権利 good stead in whatever line of life he might walk. When I advise him to read science, I do not mean that he should choke himself with the dust of the pedants, and lose himself in the subdivisions of the Lepidoptera, or the 分類s of the dicotyledonous 工場／植物s. These dreary 詳細（に述べる）s are the prickly bushes in that enchanted garden, and you are foolish indeed if you begin your walks by butting your 長，率いる into one. Keep very （疑いを）晴らす of them until you have 調査するd the open beds and wandered 負かす／撃墜する every 平易な path. For this 推論する／理由避ける the text-調書をとる／予約するs, which repel, and cultivate that popular science which attracts. You cannot hope to be a specialist upon all these 変化させるd 支配するs. Better far to have a 幅の広い idea of general results, and to understand their relations to each other. A very little reading will give a man such a knowledge of 地質学, for example, as will make every quarry and 鉄道 cutting an 反対する of 利益／興味. A very little zoology will enable you to 満足させる your curiosity as to what is the proper 指名する and style of this buff-ermine moth which at the 現在の instant is buzzing 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the lamp. A very little botany will enable you to 認める every flower you are likely to 会合，会う in your walks abroad, and to give you a tiny thrill of 利益／興味 when you chance upon one which is beyond your ken. A very little archaeology will tell you all about yonder British tumulus, or help you to fill in the 輪郭（を描く） of the broken Roman （軍の）野営地，陣営 upon the 負かす／撃墜するs. A very little astronomy will 原因（となる） you to look more intently at the heavens, to 選ぶ out your brothers the 惑星s, who move in your own circles, from the stranger 星／主役にするs, and to 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる the order, beauty, and majesty of that 構成要素 universe which is most surely the outward 調印する of the spiritual 軍隊 behind it. How a man of science can be a materialist is as amazing to me as how a sectarian can 限界 the 可能性s of the Creator. Show me a picture without an artist, show me a 破産した／（警察が）手入れする without a sculptor, show me music without a musician, and then you may begin to talk to me of a universe without a Universe- 製造者, call Him by what 指名する you will.

Here is Flammarion's "L'Atmosphere"—a very gorgeous though 天候-stained copy in faded scarlet and gold. The 調書をとる／予約する has a small history, and I value it. A young Frenchman, dying of fever on the west coast of Africa, gave it to me as a professional 料金. The sight of it takes me 支援する to a little ship's bunk, and a sallow 直面する with large, sad 注目する，もくろむs looking out at me. Poor boy, I 恐れる that he never saw his beloved Marseilles again!

Talking of popular science, I know no better 調書をとる／予約するs for exciting a man's first 利益／興味, and giving a 幅の広い general 見解（をとる） of the 支配する, than these of Samuel Laing. Who would have imagined that the wise savant and gentle dreamer of these 容積／容量s was also the energetic 長官 of a 鉄道 company? Many men of the highest 科学の eminence have begun in prosaic lines of life. Herbert Spencer was a 鉄道 engineer. Wallace was a land surveyor. But that a man with so pronounced a 科学の brain as Laing should continue all his life to 充てる his time to dull 決まりきった仕事 work, remaining in harness until extreme old age, with his soul still open to every fresh idea and his brain acquiring new concretions of knowledge, is indeed a remarkable fact. Read those 調書をとる／予約するs, and you will be a fuller man.

It is an excellent 装置 to talk about what you have recently read. Rather hard upon your audience, you may say; but without wishing to be personal, I dare bet it is more 利益／興味ing than your usual small talk. It must, of course, be done with some tact and discretion. It is the について言及する of Laing's 作品 which awoke the train of thought which led to these 発言／述べるs. I had met some one at a （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する d'hote or どこかよそで who made some 発言／述べる about the 先史の remains in the valley of the Somme. I knew all about those, and showed him that I did. I then threw out some allusion to the 激しく揺する寺s of Yucatan, which he 即時に選ぶd up and 大きくするd upon. He spoke of 古代の Peruvian civilization, and I kept 井戸／弁護士席 abreast of him. I 特記する／引用するd the Titicaca image, and he knew all about that. He spoke of Quaternary man, and I was with him all the time. Each was more and more amazed at the fulness and the 正確 of the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） of the other, until like a flash the explanation crossed my mind. "You are reading Samuel Laing's 'Human Origins'!" I cried. So he was, and so by a coincidence was I. We were 注ぐing water over each other, but it was all new- drawn from the spring.

There is a big two-容積／容量d 調書をとる／予約する at the end of my science shelf which would, even now, have its 権利 to be called 科学の論争d by some of the pedants. It is Myers' "Human Personality." My own opinion, for what it is 価値（がある）, is that it will be 認めるd a century hence as a 広大な／多数の／重要な root 調書をとる／予約する, one from which a whole new 支店 of science will have sprung. Where between four covers will you find greater 証拠 of patience, of 産業, of thought, of 差別, of that sweep of mind which can gather up a thousand separate facts and 貯蔵所d them all in the meshes of a 選び出す／独身一貫した system? Darwin has not been a more ardent collector in zoology than Myers in the 薄暗い地域s of psychic 研究, and his whole hypothesis, so new that a new nomenclature and terminology had to be invented to 表明する it, telepathy, the subliminal, and the 残り／休憩（する） of it, will always be a monument of 激烈な／緊急の推論する／理由ing, 表明するd in 罰金 prose and 設立するd upon ascertained fact.

The mere 疑惑 of 科学の thought or 科学の methods has a 広大な／多数の／重要な charm in any 支店 of literature, however far it may be 除去するd from actual 研究. Poe's tales, for example, 借りがある much to this 影響, though in his 事例／患者 it was a pure illusion. Jules Verne also produces a charmingly 信頼できる影響 for the most incredible things by an adept use of a かなりの量 of real knowledge of nature. But most gracefully of all does it 向こうずね in the はしけ form of essay, where playful thoughts draw their analogies and illustrations from actual fact, each showing up the other, and the combination 現在のing a peculiar piquancy to the reader.

Where could I get better illustration of what I mean than in those three little 容積／容量s which （不足などを）補う Wendell Holmes' immortal series, "The Autocrat," "The Poet," and "The Professor at the Breakfast （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する"? Here the subtle, dainty, delicate thought is continually 増強するd by the allusion or the analogy which shows the wide, 正確な knowledge behind it. What work it is! how wise, how witty, how large-hearted and tolerant! Could one choose one's philosopher in the Elysian fields, as once in Athens, I would surely join the smiling group who listened to the human, kindly words of the 下落する of Boston. I suppose it is just that continual leaven of science, 特に of 医療の science, which has from my 早期に student days given those 調書をとる／予約するs so strong an attraction for me. Never have I so known and loved a man whom I had never seen. It was one of the ambitions of my lifetime to look upon his 直面する, but by the irony of 運命／宿命 I arrived in his native city just in time to lay a 花冠 upon his newly-turned 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な. Read his 調書をとる／予約するs again, and see if you are not 特に struck by the up-to-dateness of them. Like Tennyson's "In Memoriam," it seems to me to be work which sprang into 十分な flower fifty years before its time. One can hardly open a page haphazard without lighting upon some passage which illustrates the breadth of 見解（をとる）, the felicity of phrase, and the singular 力／強力にする of playful but most suggestive analogy. Here, for example, is a paragraph—no better than a dozen others— which 連合させるs all the rare 質s:—

"Insanity is often the logic of an 正確な mind overtasked. Good mental 機械／機構せねばならない break its own wheels and levers, if anything is thrust upon them suddenly which tends to stop them or 逆転する their 動議. A weak mind does not 蓄積する軍隊 enough to 傷つける itself; stupidity often saves a man from going mad. We frequently see persons in insane hospitals, sent there in consequence of what are called 宗教的な mental 騒動s. I 自白する that I think better of them than of many who 持つ／拘留する the same notions, and keep their wits and enjoy life very 井戸／弁護士席, outside of the 亡命s. Any decent person せねばならない go mad if he really 持つ／拘留するs such and such opinions.... Anything that is 残虐な, cruel, heathenish, that makes life hopeless for the most of mankind, and perhaps for entire races—anything that assumes the necessity for the extermination of instincts which were given to be 規制するd —no 事柄 by what 指名する you call it—no 事柄 whether a fakir, or a 修道士, or a 助祭 believes it—if received, せねばならない produce insanity in every 井戸／弁護士席-規制するd mind."

There's a 罰金 bit of breezy polemics for the dreary fifties—a 罰金 bit of moral courage too for the University professor who 投機・賭けるd to say it.

I put him above Lamb as an 評論家, because there is a flavour of actual knowledge and of practical 知識 with the problems and 事件／事情／状勢s of life, which is 欠如（する）ing in the elfin Londoner. I do not say that the latter is not the rarer 質. There are my "Essays of Elia," and they are 井戸／弁護士席-thumbed as you see, so it is not because I love Lamb いっそう少なく that I love this other more. Both are exquisite, but Wendell Holmes is for ever touching some 公式文書，認める which awakens an answering vibration within my own mind.

The essay must always be a somewhat repellent form of literature, unless it be 扱うd with the lightest and deftest touch. It is too reminiscent of the school 主題s of our boyhood—to put a 長，率いるing and then to show what you can get under it. Even Stevenson, for whom I have the most 深遠な賞賛, finds it difficult to carry the reader through a 一連の such papers, adorned with his 初めの thought and quaint turn of phrase. Yet his "Men and 調書をとる／予約するs" and "Virginibus Puerisque" are high examples of what may be done in spite of the inherent 避けられない difficulty of the 仕事.

But his style! Ah, if Stevenson had only realized how beautiful and nervous was his own natural God-given style, he would never have been at 苦痛s to acquire another! It is sad to read the much-称讃するd anecdote of his imitating this author and that, 選ぶing up and dropping, in search of the best. The best is always the most natural. When Stevenson becomes a conscious stylist, 拍手喝采する by so many critics, he seems to me like a man who, having most natural curls, will still 隠す them under a wig. The moment he is precious he loses his 支配する. But when he will がまんする by his own 英貨の／純銀の Lowland Saxon, with the direct word and the short, cutting 宣告，判決, I know not where in 最近の years we may find his mate. In this strong, plain setting the 時折の happy word 向こうずねs like a 削減（する） jewel. A really good stylist is like Beau Brummell's description of a 井戸／弁護士席-dressed man—so dressed that no one would ever 観察する him. The moment you begin to 発言／述べる a man's style the 半端物s are that there is something the 事柄 with it. It is a clouding of the 水晶—a 転換 of the reader's mind from the 事柄 to the manner, from the author's 支配する to the author himself.

No, I have not the Edinburgh 版. If you think of a 贈呈 —but I should be the last to 示唆する it. Perhaps on the whole I would prefer to have him in scattered 調書をとる／予約するs, rather than in a 完全にする始める，決める. The half is more than the whole of most authors, and not the least of him. I am sure that his friends who reverenced his memory had good 令状 and 表明する指示／教授／教育s to publish this 完全にする版—very かもしれない it was arranged before his lamented end. Yet, speaking 一般に, I would say that an author was best served by 存在 very carefully pruned before 存在 exposed to the 勝利，勝つd of time. Let every weak twig, every immature shoot be shorn away, and nothing but strong, sturdy, 井戸／弁護士席-seasoned 支店s left. So shall the whole tree stand strong for years to come. How 誤った an impression of the true Stevenson would our 批判的な grandchild acquire if he chanced to 選ぶ負かす／撃墜する any one of half a dozen of these 容積／容量s! As we watched his 手渡す逸脱する負かす／撃墜する the 階級, how we would pray that it might alight upon the ones we love, on the "New Arabian Nights" "The Ebb-tide," "The Wrecker," "Kidnapped," or "Treasure Island." These can surely never lose their charm.

What noble 調書をとる／予約するs of their class are those last, "Kidnapped" and "Treasure Island"! both, as you see, 向こうずねing 前へ／外へ upon my lower shelf. "Treasure Island" is the better story, while I could imagine that "Kidnapped" might have the more 永久の value as 存在 an excellent and graphic sketch of the 明言する／公表する of the Highlands after the last Jacobite insurrection. Each 含む／封じ込めるs one novel and admirable character, Alan Breck in the one, and Long John in the other. Surely John Silver, with his 直面する the size of a ham, and his little gleaming 注目する，もくろむs like crumbs of glass in the centre of it, is the king of all seafaring desperadoes. 観察する how the strong 影響 is produced in his 事例／患者: seldom by direct 主張 on the part of the story-teller, but usually by comparison, innuendo, or indirect 言及／関連. The objectionable Billy Bones is haunted by the dread of "a seafaring man with one 脚." Captain Flint, we are told, was a 勇敢に立ち向かう man; "he was afraid of 非，不，無, not he, only Silver —Silver was that genteel." Or, again, where John himself says, "there was some that was 恐れるd of Pew, and some that was 恐れるd of Flint; but Flint his own self was 恐れるd of me. 恐れるd he was, and proud. They was the roughest 乗組員 afloat was Flint's. The devil himself would have been 恐れるd to go to sea with them. 井戸／弁護士席, now, I will tell you. I'm not a 誇るing man, and you seen yourself how 平易な I keep company; but when I was quartermaster, lambs wasn't the word for Flint's old buccaneers." So, by a touch here and a hint there, there grows upon us the individuality of the smooth-tongued, ruthless, masterful, one-legged devil. He is to us not a 創造 of fiction, but an 有機の living reality with whom we have come in 接触する; such is the 影響 of the 罰金 suggestive 一打／打撃s with which he is drawn. And the buccaneers themselves, how simple and yet how 効果的な are the little touches which 示す their ways of thinking and of 事実上の／代理. "I want to go in that cabin, I do; I want their pickles and ワイン and that." "Now, if you had sailed along o' 法案 you wouldn't have stood there to be spoke twice— not you. That was never 法案's way, not the way of sich as sailed with him." Scott's buccaneers in "The 著作権侵害者" are admirable, but they 欠如（する） something human which we find here. It will be long before John Silver loses his place in sea fiction, "and you may lay to that."

Stevenson was 深く，強烈に影響（力）d by Meredith, and even in these 調書をとる／予約するs the 影響（力） of the master is 明らかな. There is the apt use of an 時折の archaic or unusual word, the short, strong descriptions, the striking metaphors, the somewhat staccato fashion of speech. Yet, in spite of this flavour, they have やめる individuality enough to 構成する a school of their own. Their faults, or rather perhaps their 制限s, 嘘（をつく） never in the 死刑執行, but 完全に in the 初めの conception. They picture only one 味方する of life, and that a strange and exceptional one. There is no 女性（の）利益／興味. We feel that it is an apotheosis of the boy-story—the penny number of our 青年 in excelsis. But it is all so good, so fresh, so picturesque, that, however 限られた／立憲的な its 範囲, it still 保持するs a 限定された and 井戸／弁護士席-保証するd place in literature. There is no 推論する／理由 why "Treasure Island" should not be to the rising 世代 of the twenty-first century what "Robinson Crusoe" has been to that of the nineteenth. The balance of probability is all in that direction.

The modern masculine novel, 取引，協定ing almost 排他的に with the rougher, more stirring 味方する of life, with the 客観的な rather than the subjective, 示すs the reaction against the 乱用 of love in fiction. This one 段階 of life in its 正統派の面, and ending in the 従来の marriage, has been so hackneyed and worn to a 影をつくる／尾行する, that it is not to be wondered at that there is a 傾向いつかs to swing to the other extreme, and to give it いっそう少なく than its fair 株 in the 事件／事情／状勢s of men. In British fiction nine 調書をとる／予約するs out of ten have held up love and marriage as the be-all and end-all of life. Yet we know, in actual practice, that this may not be so. In the career of the 普通の／平均（する） man his marriage is an 出来事/事件, and a momentous 出来事/事件; but it is only one of several. He is swayed by many strong emotions—his 商売／仕事, his ambitions, his friendships, his struggles with the 頻発する dangers and difficulties which 税金 a man's 知恵 and his courage. Love will often play a subordinate part in his life. How many go through the world without ever loving at all? It jars upon us then to have it continually held up as the predominating, all-important fact in life; and there is a not unnatural 傾向の中で a 確かな school, of which Stevenson is certainly the leader, to 避ける altogether a source of 利益／興味 which has been so misused and overdone. If all love-making were like that between Richard Feverel and Lucy Desborough, then indeed we could not have too much of it; but to be made attractive once more, the passion must be 扱うd by some 広大な／多数の／重要な master who has courage to break 負かす／撃墜する conventionalities and to go straight to actual life for his inspiration.

The use of novel and piquant forms of speech is one of the most obvious of Stevenson's 装置s. No man 扱うs his adjectives with greater judgment and nicer 差別. There is hardly a page of his work where we do not come across words and 表現s which strike us with a pleasant sense of novelty, and yet 表明する the meaning with admirable conciseness. "His 注目する，もくろむs （機の）カム coasting 一連の会議、交渉／完成する to me." It is dangerous to begin 引用するing, as the examples are interminable, and each 示唆するs another. Now and then he 行方不明になるs his 示す, but it is very seldom. As an example, an "注目する，もくろむ-発射" does not commend itself as a 代用品，人 for "a ちらりと見ること," and "to tee-hee" for "to giggle" grates somewhat upon the ear, though the 当局 of Chaucer might be 特記する／引用するd for the 表現s.

Next in order is his 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の faculty for the use of pithy similes, which 逮捕（する） the attention and 刺激する the imagination. "His 発言する／表明する sounded hoarse and ぎこちない, like a rusty lock." "I saw her sway, like something stricken by the 勝利，勝つd." "His laugh rang 誤った, like a 割れ目d bell." "His 発言する／表明する shook like a taut rope." "My mind 飛行機で行くing like a weaver's 往復（する）." "His blows resounded on the 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な as 厚い as sobs." "The 私的な有罪の considerations I would continually 観察する to peep 前へ／外へ in the man's talk like rabbits from a hill." Nothing could be more 効果的な than these direct and homely comparisons.

After all, however, the main characteristic of Stevenson is his curious instinct for 説 in the briefest space just those few words which stamp the impression upon the reader's mind. He will make you see a thing more 明確に than you would probably have done had your 注目する，もくろむs 現実に残り／休憩（する）d upon it. Here are a few of these word-pictures, taken haphazard from の中で hundreds of equal 長所—

"Not far off Macconochie was standing with his tongue out of his mouth, and his 手渡す upon his chin, like a dull fellow thinking hard.

"Stewart ran after us for more than a mile, and I could not help laughing as I looked 支援する at last and saw him on a hill, 持つ／拘留するing his 手渡す to his 味方する, and nearly burst with running.

"Ballantrae turned to me with a 直面する all wrinkled up, and his teeth all showing in his mouth.... He said no word, but his whole 外見 was a 肉親，親類d of dreadful question.

"Look at him, if you 疑問; look at him, grinning and gulping, a （悪事，秘密などを）発見するd どろぼう.

"He looked me all over with a warlike 注目する，もくろむ, and I could see the challenge on his lips."

What could be more vivid than the 影響 produced by such 宣告，判決s as these?

There is much more that might be said as to Stevenson's peculiar and 初めの methods in fiction. As a minor point, it might be 発言／述べるd that he is the inventor of what may be called the mutilated villain. It is true that Mr. Wilkie Collins has 述べるd one gentleman who had not only been 奪うd of all his 四肢s, but was その上の afflicted by the insupportable 指名する of Miserrimus Dexter. Stevenson, however, has used the 影響 so often, and with such telling results, that he may be said to have made it his own. To say nothing of Hyde, who was the very impersonation of deformity, there is the horrid blind Pew, 黒人／ボイコット Dog with two fingers 行方不明の, Long John with his one 脚, and the 悪意のある catechist who is blind but shoots by ear, and smites about him with his staff. In "The 黒人／ボイコット Arrow," too, there is another dreadful creature who comes （電話線からの）盗聴 along with a stick. Often as he has used the 装置, he 扱うs it so artistically that it never fails to produce its 影響.

Is Stevenson a classic? 井戸／弁護士席, it is a large word that. You mean by a classic a piece of work which passes into the 永久の literature of the country. As a 支配する, you only know your classics when they are in their 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大なs. Who guessed it of Poe, and who of Borrow? The Roman カトリック教徒s only canonize their saints a century after their death. So with our classics. The choice lies with our grandchildren. But I can hardly think that healthy boys will ever let Stevenson's 調書をとる／予約するs of adventure die, nor do I think that such a short tale as "The Pavilion on the Links" nor so magnificent a parable as "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" will ever 中止する to be esteemed. How 井戸／弁護士席 I remember the 切望, the delight with which I read those 早期に tales in "Cornhill" away 支援する in the late seventies and 早期に eighties. They were unsigned, after the old 不公平な fashion, but no man with any sense of prose could fail to know that they were all by the same author. Only years afterwards did I learn who that author was.

I have Stevenson's collected poems over yonder in the small 閣僚. Would that he had given us more! Most of them are the merest playful sallies of a freakish mind. But one should, indeed, be a classic, for it is in my judgment by all 半端物s the best narrative ballad of the last century—that is if I am 権利 in supposing that "The 古代の水夫" appeared at the very end of the eighteenth. I would put Coleridge's 小旅行する de 軍隊 of grim fancy first, but I know 非，不，無 other to compare in glamour and phrase and 平易な力／強力にする with "Ticonderoga." Then there is his immortal epitaph. The two pieces alone give him a niche of his own in our poetical literature, just as his character gives him a niche of his own in our affections. No, I never met him. But の中で my most prized 所有／入手s are several letters which I received from Samoa. From that distant tower he kept a surprisingly の近くに watch upon what was doing の中で the bookmen, and it was his 手渡す which was の中で the first held out to the striver, for he had quick 評価 and keen sympathies which met another man's work half-way, and wove into it a beauty from his own mind.

And now, my very 患者 friend, the time has come for us to part, and I hope my little sermons have not bored you over-much. If I have put you on the 跡をつける of anything which you did not know before, then 立証する it and pass it on. If I have not, there is no 害（を与える） done, save that my breath and your time have been wasted. There may be a 得点する／非難する／２０ of mistakes in what I have said —is it not the 特権 of the conversationalist to misquote? My judgments may 異なる very far from yours, and my likings may be your abhorrence; but the mere thinking and talking of 調書をとる／予約するs is in itself good, be the upshot what it may. For the time the 魔法 door is still shut. You are still in the land of faerie. But, 式のs, though you shut that door, you cannot 調印（する） it. Still come the （犯罪の）一味 of bell, the call of telephone, the 召喚するs 支援する to the sordid world of work and men and daily 争い. 井戸／弁護士席, that's the real life after all—this only the imitation. And yet, now that the portal is wide open and we stride out together, do we not 直面する our 運命／宿命 with a braver heart for all the 残り／休憩（する） and 静かな and comradeship that we 設立する behind the 魔法 Door?