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肩書を与える: The Pastoral Life Past and 現在の
Author: John Arthur Barry
* A 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg of Australia eBook *
eBook No.: 1302311h.html
Language: English
Date first 地位，任命するd:  May 2013
Most 最近の update: May 2013

This eBook was produced by: Walter Moore

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THE PASTORAL LIFE.
PAST AND PRESENT.

THE BIG MEN AND THE LITTLE MEN.

BY JOHN ARTHUR BARRY.
(Author, of  "Steve Brown's Bunyip," "Red Lion and Blue 星／主役にする." "The Luck of the Native Born," "In the 広大な／多数の／重要な 深い," etc.)

Published in the Australian Town and Country 定期刊行物 (NSW)
Wednesday, April 19, 1905

The pastoral life for both 雇用者 and 雇うd has within the last few years altered radically, and altered for the worse. At one time a youngster, energetic, active, and with an 普通の／平均（する） 供給（する） of ありふれた sense, 追加するd to a liking for the bush, might, with fair 信用／信任, look 今後 to something of a career. From jackaroo, or even from the men's hut, in exceptional 事例／患者s, to overseer, from overseer to 経営者／支配人, while with the prime of life yet some distance away, was nothing unusual. And the salaries were very different at the 最高の，を越す of the tree then, to the beggarly pittances now 申し込む／申し出d. Most of the 駅／配置するs were owned by the individual, as against the company. Also, the seasons were, on the whole, better; nor were the multitudinous pastoral 疫病／悩ますs of the 現在の day nearly so much in 証拠 as they are now. There was more room and より小数の 盗品故買者s, and, その結果, 在庫／株, both large and small, throve better, and paid better. In those spacious days a 干ばつ in  one 地区, in place of, as now, meaning decimation to those 関心d, meant 簡単に an emptying of the 在庫／株 on to more favoured 部分s of the 明言する／公表する; any 明言する／公表する, to "travel for grass and water," until better times （機の）カム on the afflicted runs. Nor, so far as could be seen, was anybody much the worse for the 訴訟／進行. Now, however, what with travelling 在庫／株 大勝するs, of ridiculous inadequacy of width; 許すs, 宣言s, 使用／適用s, and a 集まり of red tape, 一般に a man hesitates ere 許すing his 在庫／株 off his run, not to look for grass or water, because that would be looking for the impossible, but 単に to travel to market, if it happen to be a distant one.

At the 現在の day it is 極端に difficult to place a youngster on a 駅／配置する, with a 見解（をとる） to having him taught a knowledge of 在庫／株 and 駅／配置する life. The old-time 無断占拠者 had no 反対 to having half-a-dozen or so of these young men in the "兵舎;" but his modern 原型, the "Company," or the "Bank," has little or no use for pastoral cadets of the 肉親，親類d. They 要求する ４半期/4分の1s, a servant to wait upon them, and are thus a source of extra expense. Besides, since "駅／配置する" has given way to "広い地所," the hundreds of thousands of far flung acres to the 強固にする／合併する／制圧するd 封鎖するs of freehold, a 経営者／支配人 and a working overseer, with three of four men, all of them paid at the lowest 率s, are made to do the work of the old-time big staff. Five and-twenty or thirty years ago, however, 駅／配置する life for the neophyte was a pleasant enough experience. No 事柄 how green he might be, he took his 株 in the work from the very jump. Ignorant of the saddle though he were, he was at once put on a horse's 支援する—and often as 敏速に off it. He 補助装置d in 召集（する）ing; lamb-場内取引員／株価, burr-cutting, 盗品故買者 修理ing, branding, and all the 残り／休憩（する） of the ordinary 駅／配置する work. Then, after a few years' experience, if smart, he might probably find himself 申し込む／申し出d a billet as assistant overseer on some large 所有物／資産／財産, should there be no room on the one he had been "serving his time" upon. The work was often 猛烈に hard, beginning with the sun, and ending long after the 星／主役にするs were 向こうずねing. But the fare in the 兵舎 was good, and plentiful, and now and again, when the busy seasons were over, would come long intervals of comparative leisure, during which the men who ーするつもりであるd to stick to the 商売／仕事 read the best 当局 they could get 持つ／拘留する of on 在庫／株; 熟考する／考慮するd the Land 行為／法令／行動するs of their 明言する／公表する, even becoming more 複雑にするd and bewildering, and さもなければ fitted themselves for what was then looked upon as the 高度に responsible and honourable position of 駅／配置する sup erintendent.

This cadet system bred good men, and in an infinitesimal 割合 it still does so. But so poor is the remuneration now 申し込む／申し出d for 駅／配置する 管理／経営 that there is not much incentive to any 準備 for it as a possible career. To make it 価値（がある） one's while to go through the mill now, there should be a 未来 prospect of 存在 able to also go on the land for oneself. Without some such prospect the initiation nowadays to a pastoral profession means, at the end of it all, perhaps, for a first-class sheep overseer the magnificent sum of &続けざまに猛撃する;80 per 年; or a managership at 二塁打 the money—and lucky to get either position. Of course, there are some still in 領収書 of large salaries. But they are, as a 支配する, travelling 視察官s with under their 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 a group of perhaps a 得点する／非難する／２０ of company 駅／配置するs, whose 経営者／支配人s it is their 義務 to 監督する, and whose noses, it is requisite in the 利益／興味s of 株主s, should be kept very の近くに to the pastoral grindstone. And it would be very 平易な to count these 高度に-paid persons throughout Australia on the fingers of both 手渡すs, and, then, perhaps, have a few digits to spare.

To parents, however, who can afford to 支払う／賃金 a 公正に／かなり stiff 賞与金, a pastoral cadetship for their sons is, in many instances, still open. さもなければ, and 欠如（する）ing 影響（力） or 関係, it will be 設立する 極端に difficult to 交流 an 見習いの身分制度 for "tucker" and 宿泊するing. The 会・原則 once known as  the "兵舎," a building 特に 始める，決める aside for the youngsters, is 急速な／放蕩な disappearing; hence there is nothing 利用できる between "hut" and homestead. The first for the gently 養育するd is impossible; the second, is seldom 利用できる. In fact, the jackaroo is 消えるing with his one time 雇用者 and patron, the 無断占拠者, per se. There is little room for the 種類; and there will be いっそう少なく as 駅／配置する and 無断占拠者 continue to 合併する faster into "pastoralist" and "広い地所." However, as has been said, the life is to be had yet in places. And a little of it will 負傷させる no boy. Rather do him much good; for it is an open-空気／公表する, hearty, wholesome 存在, and one that is no poor 予選 for the 戦う／戦い of life in other fields. But as a means to an end, to the embracing of the pastoral calling, it, without 資本／首都, can lead 絶対 no whither.

It would be somewhat difficult to say how many men are to-day managing their own 所有物／資産／財産s, with an altogether 解放する／自由な 手渡す, untrammelled by 財政上の 義務s, unharassed by ever-増加するing overdrafts, able to do 正確に／まさに as they please with 在庫／株 or land. But the 百分率 of large 支えるもの／所有者s in this country so 据えるd is a comparatively very small one. For the most part, "黒人／ボイコット care" sits behind most of the 栄冠を与える lessees of the 現在の; and even if they are still 許すd to 保持する the 管理／経営 of their 所有物／資産／財産s, they only do so on sufferance, and must show themselves amenable to all orders from "負かす／撃墜する below." By which 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 is meant, not the nether 地域s, but 単に the 資本／首都 of whatever 明言する／公表する the 所有物／資産／財産 may be 据えるd in. But the life of the "untied" man is idyllic. It goes without 説 that his 所有物／資産／財産 is fully 改善するd; probably the greater 部分 of it is freehold. Unlike his いっそう少なく fortunate 同時代のs, he is not 軍隊d to "在庫／株 up" against his better judgment, as to the carrying capacity of his country. Therefore, the worst 干ばつs find him, as far as possible, 用意が出来ている to 会合，会う them, and his losses are comparatively small, while the runs of his overstocked 隣人s are turned into boneyards. Throughout, too, he is making money by the sale of what in ordinary seasons would be known 簡単に as "蓄える／店s," but which now are fetching the prices of "primes." There are still men left, 個々に owning 広大な／多数の／重要な 広い地所s, who are in this happy 条件 of independence. But, as has been already 発言／述べるd, they are not to be 設立する everywhere. And for the most part they, too, have had their earlier hardships and struggles; have seen the time when the dreadful overdraft was growing ever larger and larger; times when it seemed impossible to keep their 長，率いるs above water much longer. Then perhaps would come along a succession of good seasons, everything they adventured throve, and finally, pulling out of the slough of despond, they 現れるd t riumphant on to 会社／堅い 地盤. With all of these men, however, the personal equation has had almost as much to do with success as the fortunate run of the seasons; competent 管理／経営, and the foresight that is a sort of instinct, are just as much 要求するd to work a 駅／配置する 適切に and remuneratively as they are to 確実にする 繁栄 in any other sort of 商売／仕事.

A ４半期/4分の1 of a century ago, a writer on pastoral 支配するs would have had little to say of the small 支えるもの／所有者, who at that period had not 得るd the 支配する on the land he now 所有するs. Even in those days there was much talk of "bursting up the big 広い地所s," but few people regarded the idea as other than an idea, and a visionary one. The 解放する／自由な selector was fighting 猛烈に for a foothold on the land, and his 敗北・負かす by the 広大な／多数の／重要な tenants of the 栄冠を与える appeared almost 確かな . But though the struggle was a long and a bitter one, the big 大軍 won through at last; the might of squatterdom was broken, and the （資金の）充当／歳出 of the wide-stretching areas began, and has been going on ever since, until now there seems to be little or nothing left of them 価値（がある） the taking. They have all been 吸収するd by 条件付きの 購入（する）, homestead 賃貸し（する）, grazing farms, or some 過程 of a 類似の 肉親，親類d. And there can be no 疑問 that, on the whole, the 政策 of closer 解決／入植地 has been a wise one for the country, whatever it may have 証明するd in many instance for the individual. The men who 初めは took up small 選択s, and kept 追加するing to them and 改善するing them as occasion 申し込む／申し出d, are now, the 大多数 of them at any 率, 井戸／弁護士席 to-do. To their sheep-farming they have 追加するd the cultivation of wheat, with miniature poultry and 酪農場 farms as minor adjuncts. The later 植民／開拓者s, as a 支配する, do not 栄える so 井戸／弁護士席 as the older ones, who have borne the heat and 重荷（を負わせる） of the day, and have 現れるd scarred but 勝利を得た. They 欠如（する） experience; and many of them go under, devoured by the 地元の storekeepers, much in the same fashion as aforetime were their 敵s the 無断占拠者s, by financiers on a much larger 規模. But always others spring up to take their places, to 再燃する the 解雇する／砲火／射撃s on the empty hearths, to re-在庫／株 and re-plough the waste paddocks: Throughout the country it is eminently the day of the small 支えるもの／所有者—once laughed to 軽蔑（する）, harried and worried by his big 隣人. And it is to him as a class that in the 未来 Australia will have to look for much of her 繁栄. Already his first rude 厚板 "humpies" have given way to neat weatherboard cottages; and they, in their turn, in many instances, have been superseded by houses of 石／投石する and brick, solid, 耐えるing, the houses of a people who have felt their feet, and have come to stay. Late and 早期に, year in, year out, they have （死傷者）数d incessantly, to make a not too responsive earth 産する／生じる up its fruits, wet and 干ばつ, 解雇する／砲火／射撃 and flood, have destroyed their 刈るs and their flocks, their very homes even. But ever the stubborn Anglo Saxon 緊張する has 征服する／打ち勝つd in the.long run. To go on the land in Australia in these days is no picnic; it is a struggle of the toughest, ending in the 生き残り of the fittest. And those who 生き残る the ordeal, and 達成する success are very fit indeed.

The pastoral life on a large 駅／配置する is like an open-空気／公表する life どこかよそで in other countries, consisting of much the same unvarying 一連の会議、交渉／完成する of familiar 義務s. 出来事/事件 of any 肉親，親類d is rare; each season has its 任命するd work, の中で the 在庫／株; lamb-場内取引員／株価, 離乳するing, 産む／飼育するing, shearing, as the 事例／患者 may be. On far-out 所有物／資産／財産s, the arrival of the mail is the main event of the week; and should it and Saturday night chance to arrive together, then so much the better. Sunday is the day for reading, and 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 bush 解雇する／砲火／射撃s, the one 特に 始める，決める apart for "pulling up the 支援する news," both in the "House," "兵舎" (if there are any), and in the "Hut." いつかs visits are paid to 隣人ing homesteads; but 一般に 駅／配置する people, who have been in the saddle all the week, prefer to "嘘（をつく） 支援する," and take it 平易な on the seventh day. At shearing time, the 広大な／多数の／重要な 年一回の wool 収穫, there is, however, very often no Sunday at all; and at times the work keeps all 手渡すs going nearly night and day. It is a season of strenuous endeavour and toil for every soul in the place; and there is but little 残り／休憩（する） for homestead or hut until the last 広大な／多数の／重要な waggon-負担 is on its way to the nearest 鉄道 terminus, and the last shearer and rouseabout is paid off.

Now, however, that the shearing 請負業者 has come so much to the fore, the 年一回の event has 中止するd to 原因（となる）, much 動かす. The 駅／配置する 手渡すs do the 召集（する）ing, and bring the sheep to the shed. The 請負業者 does everything else; he takes the wool off; rolls it; 圧力（をかける）s it; and, if necessary, would doubtless 配達する it to the city 会社／堅い to whom it is consigned. Thus the pastoralist and his (n)役員／(a)執行力のある have all the trouble and worry of the 商売／仕事 taken off their 手渡すs. The small 支えるもの／所有者 at one time shore his few hundreds of sheep anyhow and anywhere. His 圧力（をかける） was a square 穴を開ける in the ground, around which he 一時停止するd his bale, and then jammed the fleeces in with a spade. But now, although he may not shear by 契約, he sheers his sheep by the thousand in a 罰金 woolshed; 圧力（をかける）s his bales in the most up to-date 圧力（をかける） procurable; consigns them to his own スパイ／執行官—and places the resulting cheque to his own credit.

THE END

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