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肩書を与える: Charles Sturt - His Life and 旅行s of 探検
Author: J. H. L. Cumpston
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Charles Sturt - His Life and 旅行s of 探検

by

J. H. L. Cumpston

Published 1951

Anybody might have 設立する it, but His whisper （機の）カム to me. --The Explorer: Kipling.

This 調書をとる／予約する is 献身的な to
MY WIFE
who has 株d in the collection
and 準備 of the 構成要素
upon which it was written

CONTENTS

Preface
Introduction
I The 早期に Years
II First Years in Sydney
III The Macquarie 沼s
IV The Second 探検隊／遠征隊
V Norfolk Island and England
VI Life in New South むちの跡s
VII First Visit to South Australia
VIII The Period of 知事 Gawler
IX The Period of 知事 Grey
XThe Central Australian 探検隊／遠征隊
XI End of Life in South Australia
XII Last Years in England
XIII 尊敬の印s and 記念のs
Epilogue
虫垂 A
虫垂 B
虫垂 C
虫垂 D
言及／関連s
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments of Illustrations
索引

ILLUSTRATIONS

1. Murray Mouth showing also Goolwa Channel,
2. Captain Charles Sturt
3. 知事 Ralph Darling5
4. Sir Thomas Mitchell
5. The Macquarie 沼s from the 空気／公表する
6. The Bluff End of Cookbundoon
7. 肩書を与える-page of 調書をとる／予約する 現在のd to Dr Gibson
8. Meadow Creek at Gunning
9. The Devil's Pass, Mundoonen 範囲
10. A Remarkable Hill called Pouni, Mt Bowning
11. Dunderalligo Creek
12. Sturt Monument at Gundagai
13. The Murrumbidgee from Jugiong Hill
14. Billabong 近づく Wagga
15. Cypress 山の尾根 近づく Narrandera
16. The Murrumbidgee between Hay and Maude
17. Sturt Monument at Mildura
18. Murray River Cliffs 近づく Tareena
19. 化石 Cliffs on Murray River
20. 救済 Plaque on Pylon at Goolwa 一斉射撃，（質問などの）連発／ダム
21. Monument to Sturt and Barker on Hindmarsh Island
22. Sturt's Land at Ginnindera, 近づく Canberra
23. Northern 境界 of Sturt's 認める, Ginnindera Creek
24. Sturt's Home at Varroville
25. Silver Vase 現在のd by 調査する Staff
26. Sturt's Home at Grange, Adelaide
27. Sturt in Middle Life
28. 出発 from Adelaide of Central Australian 探検隊／遠征隊
29. Country East of Broken Hill from the 空気／公表する: Stephen Creek 木材／素質 in Background
30. Plain from Old Fowler's Gap Hotel
31. A Rocky Glen - 倉庫・駅 Glen
31a. A Pond shaded by Trees and Cliffs - 倉庫・駅 Glen
32. 保護 Creek where Sturt （軍の）野営地，陣営d, showing かなりの 最近の silting
33. Cairn on 開始する Poole
34. Poole's 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な at 保護 Creek
35. 共同墓地 at 保護 Creek which 含むs Poole's 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な
36. Typical 乾燥した，日照りの Sandy Bed of Creek
37. Sturt's Stony 砂漠
38. Goyder's Lagoon
39. The Diamantina Plain
40. Kuddaree Waterhole, Mulligan River
41. Tree at Fort Grey
42. Looking North over Cooper Creek showing Innamincka Police 駅／配置する
43. Cooper Creek at Nappa Merri 駅／配置する
44. 肩書を与える-page of 調書をとる／予約する 現在のd to Sturt's son, Charles
45. Sturt in the Years of his 退職
46. Sturt's Last Home in Cheltenham
47. Statue to Sturt in Adelaide
48. Water-瓶／封じ込める carried by Sturt on his Last 探検隊／遠征隊
49. Mr Beasley 明かすing Tablet on Sturt's Last Home
50. Mr Beasley Placing 花冠 on Sturt's 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な, 1948

MAPS

The Inland Rivers as known in 1828
大勝するs followed on the First 探検隊／遠征隊
計画（する） of Beemery "Island"
Locality of the 倉庫・駅 on the Murrumbidgee
The Inland Rivers as known in 1830
場所 of Sturt's 初めの 認める 近づく Canberra
Sturt's Mittagong 所有物／資産／財産
Sturt's Land at Grange
大勝する North from Broken Hill
部分 of Counsel Tracing
大勝する North from Milparinka
大勝する North-west to Simpson 砂漠
大勝するs of the Three 探検隊／遠征隊s

NOTE ON THE REFERENCES

重要な to Abbreviations:

Life: Life of Charles Sturt by Mrs. N. G. Sturt. Smith, 年上の and Co. 1899.

H.R.A.: Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia. Pub. by 連邦／共和国 政府.

Mit. Lib.: Mitchell Library Papers.

Sturt Papers: Papers in the 所有／入手 of Sturt's grandson, Captain G. C. N. Sturt, which were 現在のd to Rhodes House Library, Oxford, on 24th November, 1948.

Two Exp.: Two 探検隊／遠征隊s into the 内部の of South Australia during the years 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831 Charles Sturt. Pub. Smith 年上のs 1833.

Narr. Cent.: Narrative of an 探検隊／遠征隊 into Central Australia: Charles Sturt. Pub. T. and W. Boone, 1849.

Archiv., S.A.: 古記録s Department, Adelaide.

R.G.S.S.A.: 訴訟／進行s of the 王室の Geographical Society, South Australian 支店.

R.A.H.S.: 処理／取引s of the 王室の Australian Historical Society, N.S.W.

ebook 生産者's 公式文書，認める:

The 一時期／支部 公式文書，認めるs in the 調書をとる／予約する appeared at the end of the 調書をとる／予約する and they have been 再生するd at the end of this ebook. However, in this ebook the 公式文書，認めるs have also been placed in square brackets at the end of the paragraph in which they are 言及／関連d. The 言及／関連 method [c-n] 言及するs to the 一時期／支部 number and the 公式文書，認める number within the 一時期／支部.

公式文書，認めるs which appeared in the 調書をとる／予約する at the 底（に届く） of a page appear in 一連の会議、交渉／完成する brackets at the end of the paragraph in which they are 言及／関連d. The 言及／関連 method is an asterisk.

PREFACE

There is this difference between science and history: each 科学の 発見 brings new knowledge: by contrast, facts 暴露するd and 記録，記録的な／記録するd by the historian were invariably known to some people at some time: いつかs 広範囲にわたって known and 井戸／弁護士席 記録，記録的な／記録するd at the time.

But these facts may have become obscured or forgotten, or even as 記録，記録的な／記録するd may have acquired a new 利益／興味 or significance.

Therefore, while there is in the story now 現在のd nothing that is literally new; and although the story of Sturt's life has been told with 技術 and affection by his daughter-in-法律, Mrs. Napier (Beatrix M.) Sturt, there is some justification for this new 試みる／企てる to tell the story.

Mrs. Sturt's Life of Charles Sturt was published fifty years ago, has long been out of print, and copies are difficult to 得る, except in libraries. This is even more true of Sturt's own 出版（物）s 述べるing his 探検隊／遠征隊s 負かす／撃墜する the Macquarie and Murray Rivers, and into Central Australia.

For these 推論する／理由s the 現在の 世代 of Australians cannot easily learn the story of one who played a 勇敢な and altogether 著名な part for twenty-five of the most fateful years of the 早期に period of our nation's history.

Also, even if the public had 平易な 接近 to these 調書をとる／予約するs, it is difficult to relate the 大勝するs followed by Sturt to modern place-指名するs, and the story is much more 利益／興味ing when it can be followed step by step on a modern 地図／計画する.

Mrs. Sturt, also, was under a 広大な／多数の／重要な disadvantage in never having visited Australia.

But the main consideration which, in the author's opinion, 正当化するs the 贈呈 of this "twice told tale" at this time, is that while the beliefs, ideals and aspirations which for centuries have 奮起させるd man's nobler 成果／努力s have become 一時的に 潜水するd in the struggle for 生き残り, a 調書をとる／予約する like this, which tells the story of a man whose ideal was service, and who was 用意が出来ている to die in that service, might be timely, and might even be welcomed by a large 団体／死体 of young readers.

Canberra 1951

INTRODUCTION

While it is true, as already 明言する／公表するd, that this 調書をとる／予約する 含む／封じ込めるs little that is new, yet 文書s have come to light, letters have been collected; and through these, and the other 変化させるd channels by which history is 明らかにする／漏らすd, （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） beyond that 利用できる fifty years ago can now be 協議するd.

The continuous and 患者 work of the 王室の Historical and 王室の Geographical Societies, and of many individuals, has 決定するd points of 詳細（に述べる） and settled topographical 場所s, so that the 主要な／長／主犯 仕事 in a work of this 肉親，親類d is the 組み立てる／集結するing of 構成要素 already 利用できる.

One point should be 明言する／公表するd here. In 指名するing places, 特に streams, Sturt used the old style of possessive adjectives, for example, Cooper's Creek: geographers have, however, agreed that this style shall be 取って代わるd by the simple 指名する, such as Cooper Creek. This modern style has, therefore, been followed throughout. That it has, occasionally, unfortunate results, must be recognised, for example, "Flood Creek" 伝えるs a wrong impression 関心ing the origin of the 指名する.

The 地図／計画するs in this 容積／容量 are not cartographically 正確な, but they do 伝える 訂正する （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 適する for the general reader.

CHAPTER I - The 早期に Years

About the middle of May 1827 the ship 水夫 was (1)偽造する／(2)徐々に進むing eastward with long 肺s driven by a strong 冷淡な 勝利，勝つd under a wet dead sky: no one on board without previous knowledge would have guessed that the 有望な land of their new life was then to the north of them.

Standing by the port rail of the quarterdeck was one man who knew it; and whose memories and forebodings were stirred by the knowledge. For him the warm sunlight of Cape Town was fading to a pleasant dream, the sullen rollers a depressing illusion of immobility and desolation, and the 独房監禁 albatross a symbol of life spent in ceaseless movement with an uncertain goal and an unknown 運命.

These things 影響する／感情d his thoughts and produced a mental 不景気 which was to recur more than once in later life.

He was a professional 兵士--a captain of the 39th 連隊 of Foot--and as he looked 支援する to the west he reviewed the past and all that he was leaving. His career as a 兵士 began when, at the age of eighteen years, he had, through the patronage of the Prince Regent, been gazetted ensign in the 39th 連隊. Service in the Pyrenees against the French was followed by service in Canada against the Americans, soon ended by the hurried 解任する of the 連隊 after Napoleon's escape from Elba. As they arrived in フラン after Waterloo the 連隊 served as part of the army of 占領／職業 in フラン until the end of 1818.

He had had, therefore, five years of 変化させるd experience--the first two on service under active 戦争 条件s, the last three on 守備隊 義務.

From 1818 to 1825 the 連隊 was on 義務 in Ireland, without 出来事/事件 特に 影響する／感情ing his personal career but 伴う／関わるing long 延期する in 軍の 昇進／宣伝. He was twenty-eight years old when he, at last, became 中尉／大尉／警部補; and, at thirty, he became Captain. Then, 除去するd from Ireland to Chatham, he was sent in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of a detachment of the 連隊 as guard over 罪人／有罪を宣告するs on this 現在の voyage to New South むちの跡s, which had begun in December, 1826.

He remembered his boyhood and his family life. He could barely remember his childhood in India as he had been, in his fifth year, sent with his 年上の sister to England to live with their mother's sisters. A happy childhood lasted until his fifteenth year when,, on his parents' return to England, he was sent to Harrow. Memories of his happy days with his uncle Charles, who taught him the 管理／経営 of small boats; with his sister Susan, with his cousin Isaac 支持を得ようと努めるd, were clouded by the unhappiness and misfortunes of his father, Napier Sturt.

Napier Sturt was a 裁判官 in Bengal under the East India Company, and it was すぐに after his marriage that the prospects of 平易な wealth, which was the main attraction to India, had been 大いに 減ずるd by the 告発 of 過密な住居 Hastings. His second son, Charles, was born on 28th April, 1795, in the, very month of Hastings' 無罪放免.

A large family--there were eight sons--不成功の 憶測, 失敗 of an Indian bank, 厳粛に 影響する／感情d the 経済的な position of the family and saddened the family life.

He remembered with 静かな satisfaction that in 尊敬（する）・点 of family and 家系 he was, in the 基準 of those times, of "good birth." The Sturts and the Napiers were Dorsetshire 郡 families of standing. But he remembered that his grandmother was a 確認するd gambler for high 火刑／賭けるs and that all her fifteen children, 含むing his own father, were distinguished for good looks, 罰金 manners, and the 致命的な habit of 存在 in 負債.

All this passed through his mind as he stood there. He, a 兵士 without 影響（力）, for whom 昇進／宣伝 had already been very slow, was 地位，任命するd on service in a lonely outpost at a time when there seemed no 可能性 of war, with its chances of quick 昇進／宣伝, and no prospect of 昇進／宣伝 さもなければ. He was in his thirty-third year, with no hope of marriage on his 支払う／賃金. And he had already in his mind prejudged and 非難するd this new country which, as yet, he still could not see--he 非難するd it because of the uninteresting nature of the 軍の service there; and because of the character of the 全住民--the 大多数 存在 罪人／有罪を宣告するs.

He 認める later that these prejudices were formed in 完全にする ignorance of the real 条件s, but his 不景気 as he shivered in his 広大な／多数の／重要な coat was real enough.

The master of the ship, sensing this, （機の）カム over from the other 味方する of the deck and told him that within the next few days they would have turned the corner and would be moving northward into, if the glass did not 嘘（をつく）, calmer seas and warmer 天候. And so it was; within a few days the ship was moving northwards under 十分な sail driven by a southerly 微風, 産する／生じるing easily to the gentle 太平洋の swell, and the young army officer, 井戸／弁護士席 今後 on the forecastle deck, enjoying the warm sun, was 診察するing all that he could see of this new country.

Behind the flat, ひどく-木材／素質d coast were the 範囲s, いつかs coming 負かす／撃墜する to the sea, いつかs very distant, but always 支配するing the landscape. No one on board could tell him what was behind the 範囲s, but he wondered with that wonder which was to be the 消費するing passion of his life.

For two or three days the 天候 remained 有望な and fresh, but, on the morning of 23rd May* the 勝利，勝つd changed to a light north-easterly 微風, and on a crisp 有望な autumn morning the ship turned in between South 長，率いる with its Macquarie Tower and the bold, flat 直面する of North 長，率いる. The ship moved gently up the Harbour, taking in sail after sail until she （機の）カム to 錨，総合司会者 in Sydney Cove, and Charles Sturt （機の）カム to the country which was to be his home for twenty-six years, and his major 利益／興味 for life. With him （機の）カム his faithful 兵士-servant Joseph Harris, who "would never leave him."**

(* Both Mrs. Sturt and Sturt himself give other dates; but this date is 訂正する.)

(** See 虫垂 D, 公式文書，認める 1.)

Sturt wrote of his own feeling on this occasion:

[1-1]"With mingled feelings I gazed for the first time on the bold cliffs at the 入り口 to Port Jackson, nor did I 心配する anything equal to the scene as we sailed up that noble and 広範囲にわたる 水盤／入り江. The fact was, I had not conceived, from anything I had read or heard that, in that remote 地域, so 広範囲にわたる a town could have been 後部d in so 簡潔な／要約する a period. It is the very 勝利 of human 技術 and 産業 over Nature.

[1-1. Life p.22.]

"In a 気候 so soft that man scarcely 要求するs a dwelling, and so enchanting that few have left it but with 悔いる, the spirits must needs be 行為／法令／行動するd upon, and the heart feel はしけ. Such, indeed, I have myself 設立する to be the 事例／患者; nor have I ever been happier than when roving through the 支持を得ようと努めるd or wandering along one of the silent and beautiful bays for which the harbour of Port Jackson is celebrated."

He never lost this 賞賛 and affection for Australia.

This young man, whose 指名する will be always part of Australian history, was 5 feet 10¾ インチs in 高さ, and had brown hair, 有望な blue 注目する，もくろむs, an aquiline nose, and 極度の慎重さを要する, rather humorous mouth.

CHAPTER II - First Years in Sydney

It may be assumed that, having 報告（する）／憶測d himself to his 命令（する）ing officer, 陸軍大佐 Lindesay, 性質の／したい気がして of his detachment of 兵士s, 配達するd the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, and taken up his ４半期/4分の1s in 兵舎, he made his 義務 call on the 知事, General Ralph Darling.

From that moment he could not escape the 義務 of making a 決定／判定勝ち（する） as to where his sympathies and 忠義s would be; from that moment he was drawn, even if he did not fully realize it at first, into the 逮捕する of Civil Service officialism and intrigue in which his personal 利益／興味s 苦しむd, and from which he was never again 完全に 解放する／自由な.

His call on the 知事 would have been made straight into a familiar "army" atmosphere. With the 知事 he would have met Darling's two brothers-in-法律, Henry and William Dumaresq--all three of them army officers, Henry 存在 now Clerk to the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議; and he would soon have realized that Darling was 直面するing his difficult 仕事 with a very rigid 公式の／役人 態度. For Darling's 仕事 was difficult: his 指示／教授／教育s were to develop the more democratic system of 地元の 自治 introduced in 1824 and to encourage 地元の civil 責任／義務. In this he failed to please either those who were …に反対するd to change, or those who 需要・要求するd even greater changes. Sturt may have heard of the 記念の 現在のd to Darling on his arrival in 1825, telling him in rather forcible 条件 that there were 地元で-born Australians who were 解雇する／砲火／射撃d by a rather self-assertive 地元の patriotism and who, for example, 勧めるd in one 記念の to the Home[2-1] 政府 that the mere circumstance of having been born in New South むちの跡s should not 妨げる them from receiving 認めるs of land. He would have watched the 訴訟／進行s when 知事 Darling took the unusual course in October, 1827, of 学校／設けるing 名誉き損 訴訟／進行s against Wardell of the "Australian" newspaper.

[2-1 H.R.A. XII. xiii: XII. 147.]

There is no 指示，表示する物 that he was, during the first six months of his 住居, moved by any of these happenings to 同盟（する） himself with any of the 派閥s.

Nor is there any 指示，表示する物 that he was 影響する／感情d by the social 革命 in Europe: Waterloo was only twelve years away, and all Europe, except フラン, was obsessed with the 恐れる that the "terror" would spread to other countries. Sturt's 青年 and 早期に manhood saw the 集会 of the waters for that 広大な／多数の／重要な 高潮，津波 of ありふれた humanity which was to swell ますます through, and beyond, the nineteenth century. The first 減少（する）s of spray from this were 存在 felt in Sydney when he arrived. At this 行う／開催する／段階 there was in him a striking singleness of 目的. But by November, 1827, he had become 軍の 長官 to the 知事, and this 忠誠 kept him 厳密に within the 限界s of 忠義 to 治める／統治する. men t House.

In this 公式の／役人 capacity he appears only once. On 23rd March 1828, he wrote, by direction, to Captain Robison enquiring[2-2] whether, in letters to England, Robison had made 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s against the 知事 and, if so, requesting him to furnish copies of the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s. Sturt was not その上の 関心d 公式に in this 事柄 although Darling felt 正当化するd, in April, 1828, in 報告（する）／憶測ing acidly to the 当局 in England that Captain Robison's continuance[2-3] in the service could not fail to 証明する in the last degree injurious to it.

[2-2 H.R.A. XIV. 106.]

[2-3 H.R.A. XIV. 111.]

Other 証拠 示唆するs that 非，不，無 of these 地元の 事柄s held any attraction for Sturt, but although he was an officer trained for 軍の career, it is 平易な to imagine him, with others all 一連の会議、交渉／完成する him 捜し出すing 繁栄 by novel means and 推測するing ひどく is livestock 投機・賭けるs, 診察するing his 未来 prospects with some 苦悩 He had been fourteen years in the army, was thirty-two years old the probability of 昇進／宣伝 was small, and the prospect of marriage remote. His mind turned to other 可能性s. 令状ing to his cousin Isaac 支持を得ようと努めるd on 10th November, 1827, he said:

[2-4] "The 知事-General has 任命するd me his 軍の 長官 but in February I take an 探検隊／遠征隊 into the 内部の to ascertain the level of the inland plains and to 決定する the supposed 存在 of an inland sea. This will not be unattended with danger however, it is a most important 信用, and if I 後継する, as I 心配する, I shall earn some credit. The field of professional ambition is の近くにd upon the 兵士 during his service in New South むちの跡s though in no 事例／患者 could a career more honourable than that of 発見 have been open to me when I landed on Australian shores."

[2-4 Life p.24.]

It seems （疑いを）晴らす from this 証拠 that within the first six month of Sturt's life in New South むちの跡s he had decided that 探検 was not only attractive for its own sake but 申し込む／申し出d 適切な時期s for 伸び（る）ing some credit which might 証明する of 構成要素, advantage.

The sequence of events at this period is 利益／興味ing. Macquarie encouraged by 植民地の 長官 Earl Bathurst, had 押し進めるd an active 政策 of 探検 of the country behind the 沿岸の 範囲s Oxley, in 1817, had followed the Lachlan River in its 西方の and southward course, and had been stopped by 沼s. The に引き続いて year he had followed the Macquarie River northward until he was stopped by the 広大な／多数の／重要な 沼 近づく Buckinguy and he was 確信して that, at that point, he was "in the 即座の 周辺 of an inland sea, most probably a shoal one, and 徐々に 減少（する）ing or 存在 filled up by the 巨大な depositions from the waters flowing into it from the higher lands." Evans of his party had 設立する the Castlereagh flowing north and west.

Next was the Hume-Hovell 探検隊／遠征隊 to the south in 1824 during which were crossed the Murrumbidgee and Murray flowing west, and the Goulburn flowing north.

Then, in 1827, Cunningham travelled north as far as the Darling 負かす／撃墜するs, crossing the Namoi, Gwydir, Macintyre and Dumaresq Rivers, all flowing toward the centre of the continent.

In 見解（をとる） of all this, it is 平易な to understand that Darling, 報告（する）／憶測ing to 植民地の. 長官 Goderich the return of Cunningham and the important results of his 探検隊／遠征隊, should say:5

[2-5] "I would 観察する that Mr. Cunningham appears desirous to （判決などを）下す the result of his 探検隊／遠征隊 confirmatory of a favourite hypothesis, the 存在 of an inland sea. This opinion has lately become so general from the 報告（する）／憶測s of the natives that I 提案する, as soon as the season 許すs, to endeavour to ascertain the facts."

[2-5 H.R.A. XIII. 619.]

The date of this despatch was 12th November, 1827. The date of Sturt's letter to his cousin was 10th November, 1827: the 関係 is obvious. But nothing was done at that time.

In May, 1828, Darling received a despatch from London 含む／封じ込めるing a 提案 from a Mr. Ballantyne to land on the west coast of Australia about 20 degrees south and, using camels, to cross to the 解決／入植地 on the east coast. Darling 非難するd the 提案 as not 正当化するing the expense, difficulty, and hazard, and he 追加するd:

[2-6] "I have had it in contemplation for some time past to 雇う an officer in this service who has 表明するd a strong 願望（する） to 請け負う it: but I have been 妨げるd detaching him by the want of officers to carry on the 義務s of the 守備隊. I entertain the hope, however, that circumstances will soon 許す of my availing myself of his services."

[2-6 H.R.A. XIV. 199.]

[2-7]Sturt's "strong 願望（する）" was 十分に obvious to be について言及するd in the 公式の／役人 記録，記録的な／記録するs of the 39th 連隊, where it is 明言する／公表するd that General Darling 産する／生じるd to the repeated entreaties of Captain Sturt and permitted him to proceed for the 目的 of 起訴するing the 発見s already 開始するd by other travellers.

[2-7 Archiv.: S.A. A.663.]

It is hardly surprising that, with 探検 and talk of new country 絶えず before him, Sturt, too, should have his imagination excited. It may not have been an unimportant consideration that Oxley, Hume and Hovell had all been materially rewarded for their services.

The 提案 for an 探検隊／遠征隊 dragged on for twelve months, and then, although Sturt was not sent to discover an inland sea, or to follow Ballantyne's 提案するd 大勝する, he was, as Darling advised Sir George Murray on 19th November, 1828, sent on an 探検隊／遠征隊 to ascertain the course and 運命／宿命 of the River Macquarie.

[2-8]Darling advised Murray that Sturt, from his 科学の knowledge, appeared to be fully competent to the 請け負うing and was "ardently 充てるd to it." Darling thought there was every chance of Sturt's success; but, although he had been in the 植民地 for some time, he had had little 適切な時期 of becoming familiar with the country. Darling 明言する／公表するd that, for this 推論する／理由, he had 大（公）使館員d Mr. Hamilton Hume, "an experienced traveller," to the 探検隊／遠征隊.

[2-8 H.R.A. XIV. 471.]

Sturt's first year in Australia altered his whole life: the change from the rigid 条約s of army and 郡 life to the exciting freedom of an unknown continent bred in his active mind a コンビナート／複合体 of impulses--a love of 探検 for its own sake, a 願望（する） for the "credit" it would bring, a search for 経済的な 安全, although never any lust for wealth, a 熱烈な devotion to this country, and running curiously through it all, the 誘惑する of the inland sea, an illusive phantasy nagging at his mind for seventeen years until, by an 成果／努力 of will, on the 辛勝する／優位 of the Simpson 砂漠, he 解放する／自由なd himself from the illusion and 許すd the dream to fade--yet not altogether die, for there were 頻発する flickerings as late as 1854 (see Ch. 10--"Could this bank have been over any inland waters?"). But through all this was a 支配的な 動機:

"A wish to 与える／捧げる to the public good led me to 請け負う those 旅行s which have cost me so much. I should exceedingly 悔いる if it were thought I had volunteered 危険な and important undertakings for the love of adventure alone."

His whole life was 証拠 that this was not vain 誇るing.

It is of 利益／興味 to 記録，記録的な／記録する here the reactions of the civil 公式の／役人s. The person most 利益／興味d 公式に was the Surveyor-General Oxley. Macquarie had, ten years before,[2-9] 述べるd him as intriguing and discontented. Oxley was one of the party 活発に 敵意を持った to Darling[2-10] and the latter wrote of him that "he is a very clever man; but has been too little controlled and I am 満足させるd will never 服従させる／提出する to the drudgery of carrying on the 詳細（に述べる）s of his department." It is, however, to be 公式文書，認めるd that Darling followed up this comment by recommending his brother-in-法律 for 任命 as 副 Surveyor-General, as he was desirous of having a person in the Department who would be some check on the indulgence of any disposition which might be felt to favour one party or to …に反対する another. The date of this letter was 4th September, 1826.

[2-9 Ellis Macquarie p.494.]

[2-10 H.R.A. XII. 256, 535.]

But other 影響（力）s were at work, and T. L. Mitchell was, on 13th January, 1827, 任命するd assistant to Mr. Oxley with 復帰 of the 任命 as Surveyor-General. Mitchell arrived in Sydney on 23rd September, 1827, and, on Oxley's death on 25th May, 1828, became Surveyor-General.

It is 記録，記録的な／記録するd that Oxley was …に反対するd to 私的な 調査するing parties, but there is no 記録，記録的な／記録する of his 態度 に向かって Sturt.

Mitchell's 態度 was soon 宣言するd. Sturt wrote to him on 30th September, 1828, asking his advice about the 来たるべき 探検隊／遠征隊, 特に as to the 大勝する to be followed, 追加するing: "I am endeavouring to 得る （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）, but from no one would I rather receive it than from you."

Mitchell replied on the same day that, as he had 明確に understood from His Majesty's 政府 that he was likely to be 雇うd on a 旅行 into the 内部の, it was not very natural that he should welcome the 雇用 of another person on a service which had been considered to belong to the office of his 前任者, but he 追加するd: "to you 個々に, however, I shall be glad to 与える／捧げる any 援助 or advice in my 力／強力にする."

It was ten years since Oxley had done his 調査するing, and those who had been active in the 合間, Hume and Cunningham, did not belong to the 調査する staff.

Here, however, is the earliest 指示，表示する物 of the jealousy that was to develop, on Mitchell's 味方する, into 敵意.

[2-11 Mit. Lib. A.295.17.21. 公式文書，認める: the point in the text for this 言及／関連 could not be 設立する.]

CHAPTER III - The Macquarie 沼s

From Sturt's letter to Mitchell on 30th September it is （疑いを）晴らす that the 知事 had by that time decided that Sturt should lead an 探検隊／遠征隊 into the 内部の; but 現実に he left it to Sturt to 服従させる／提出する a 計画（する） of 操作／手術, and, for this, careful consideration of 代案／選択肢s was necessary.

[3-1]知事 King in 1800 had 報告（する）／憶測d that the 存在 of a sea or 海峡 running from the 湾 of Carpentaria into the southern ocean was a very favourite idea in New South むちの跡s; but Flinders had disproved this by sailing up to the 長，率いる of Spencer's 湾.

[3-1 支持を得ようと努めるd: 発見 of Australia p.500.]

[3-2]Then Macquarie had sent Oxley to follow the Lachlan River, hoping he would be able to trace it to the south-west coast of Australia. However, as already 明言する／公表するd, after 存在 baffled by both the Lachlan and the Macquarie, Oxley definitely favoured the idea of an inland sea: but, as he 推定するd that the Lachlan 簡単に faded out by evaporation and 国／地域 absorption, while the Macquarie 沼s were on the 辛勝する／優位 of the inland sea, it is to be assumed that Oxley's advice, so far as Sturt might have sought it, would be to concentrate on the area 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the Macquarie River.

[3-2 Ellis: Macquarie p.493.]

The 最新の advice 利用できる to Darling was that of Cunningham, who favoured the theory of an inland sea.

But how did Sturt 反応する to all this? In the letter of 30th September to Mitchell asking his advice, he said:

[3-3] "The 知事 has at length 許すd me to 準備する for the 内部の. The 知事 appears to favour an 探検隊／遠征隊 to the west of Wellington Valley to 決定する whether our 内部の still lies under water, and I am inclined to favour it also. I am, however, divided as to taking a southerly or a northerly course, and it is on this point I would more 特に 願望（する） your advice, for should you favour the latter, it would be necessary for me to start from Moreton Bay, 反して the former course would 強いる me to follow the Murrumbidgee, which I think runs 平行の to the Macquarie."

[3-3 Mit. Lib. A.295.17.21.]

This is 十分な to 示す the 現在の ignorance of the 地理学 of the 内部の. During October Sturt must have received 公式の／役人 advice of his （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 to lead an 探検隊／遠征隊, for, on 4th November, 1828, he wrote to the 植民地の 長官[3-4] 正式に 受託するing the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 to lead an 探検隊／遠征隊 to 決定する the 運命／宿命 of the Macquarie by tracing it as far as possible beyond the point to which the late Surveyor-General went, and by 押し進めるing into the 内部の on a westerly course to ascertain if there were any high lands in that direction; it 存在 supposed the country 西方の was an 無傷の land and under water. He then went on to discuss his 大勝する. ーするために understand his 窮地 it is necessary to remember that the 直す／買収する，八百長をするd idea at the time was that the Castlereagh and Macquarie Rivers flowed north-西方の into an inland sea. If, therefore, Sturt, starting from Oxley's last point, were to 旅行 西方の he could reasonably 推定する／予想する to be very soon stopped by 広範囲にわたる 沼s or the inland sea itself.

[3-4 Sturt Papers.]

Both Darling and Sturt for this 推論する／理由 thought at first that it would be 井戸／弁護士席 to follow up the Macquarie 沼s northward along their eastern rather than the western 利ざや.

What considerations 影響（力）d the discussions during October are not known, but in his letter of 受託 of 4th November Sturt discussed the 可能性 of finding an 連続する flow of the river 西方の and continuing along this into a level and uncertain country in the 内部の, his movements 存在 guided by circumstances. But he had to consider the other 代案／選択肢: "it may not be 慎重な to 危険 the health of my men by too long a continuance in the 押し寄せる／沼地s and...in the event of my 存在 unable to 侵入する 西方の I みなす it very probable that I shall make Moreton Bay, if after 連続する 試みる／企てるs to turn the 沼s I find they still 延長する to the northward."

It is difficult to-day to imagine such 完全にする ignorance that the 可能性 of 会合 広大な／多数の／重要な 沼s or an inland sea anywhere between Nyngan and Goondiwindi could be 熟視する／熟考するd.

As an 利益／興味ing sidelight on the 公式の／役人 discussions there is a ごくわずかの 公式文書，認める on this letter written, 推定では, by Darling:

"やめる out of the question he would never reach Moreton Bay."

The discussions were finally 結論するd with an 公式の／役人 minute by Darling (9th November) to 植民地の 長官 Macleay directing that Sturt should endeavour to get 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 沼s by the 西方の, as nothing whatever was known of that north-west country, and that Sturt should 設立する a base to the north of Wellington Valley abandoning ideas of eastward excursions.

Darling directed that 指示／教授／教育s should be 用意が出来ている and Sturt's requisition for 供給（する）s were 認可するd. As the experience 伸び（る）d on this 探検隊／遠征隊 very materially 影響（力）d Sturt's methods and practice on his later 探検隊／遠征隊s, and as there is real 利益／興味 in 診察するing the 器具／備品 of such an 探検隊／遠征隊 in those 早期に days, the 公式の／役人 指示／教授／教育s 問題／発行するd to Sturt, and the 供給（する）s requisitioned by him, are printed in 十分な as an 虫垂 (虫垂 B).

Some 面s of the 器具／備品 call for comment; there was no spare saddle-horse for either Sturt or Hume, no saddle-horses for the men, only five "breakers" for water, and the 着せる／賦与するing must have been of singularly good 質. It is 公式文書，認めるd, however, that some alterations were made in these numbers, as, in 新規加入 to two saddle-horses, there were two for Sturt's own use, and the 探検隊／遠征隊 had seven pack horses and eight pack bullocks.

As they 推定する／予想するd to 会合，会う large 団体／死体s of water they took a boat "of the lightest construction," with sprit sail 完全にする, carried on a light four-wheeled carriage drawn by two bullocks.

It was assumed, 正確に, that because of the long 干ばつ which began in 1826 and continued with 増加するing severity until after the 探検隊／遠征隊 had returned, that the 沼s, by the water-logged 条件 of which Oxley had been stopped, would be very much drier and that the difficulties Oxley had met "would be 設立する to be 大いに 減らすd, if not altogether 除去するd."

It is necessary here to について言及する one point. Sturt himself has left on 記録，記録的な／記録する that, in 尊敬（する）・点 of longitude 観察s he was only self-taught, that he went into the 内部の to 調査する, not to 調査する, and he 収容する／認めるs the 可能性 of errors in his 観察s. This has to be remembered in 尊敬（する）・点 of all his 探検隊／遠征隊s: there is 証拠, too, of 時折の printer's errors in his published 作品: it is, therefore, advisable to rely principally upon topographical features in any 身元確認，身分証明 of places 現実に visited.

Having received his final 指示／教授／教育s on 9th November, Sturt left Sydney the next day. He followed the old road over the Blue Mountains, stopping on the way at Dr. Harris' 住居 (Sheane) and Sir John Jamieson's place (Regents Ville), 追いつくing, on the mountains, his men who had been sent ahead.

The party reached Bathurst on 22nd November, having taken twelve days from Sydney.

Here Hume joined them and the party was 完全にする: it 含むd Harris, the faithful servant who had been with him ever since the days of 義務 in Ireland, the 兵士s Fraser* and Hopkinson, and the 囚人 Clayton--these four were to be with him again on his 旅行 負かす／撃墜する the Murray a year later.

(*See 虫垂 D, 公式文書，認める 1.)

At Wellington Valley an outpost 倉庫・駅 had been 設立するd in 1826 for the 支配（する）／統制する of bushrangers*; this 解決／入植地 was on the 権利 bank of the Bell about two miles above the junction of that stream with the Macquarie. Sturt had been 教えるd to 完全にする all his 準備s here with the 援助 of the Superintendent, Mr. Maxwell, who was to 供給（する） trained bullocks.)

(* Macquarie had first used the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 "bushrangers" to 述べる runaway 罪人／有罪を宣告するs who were 範囲ing the bush; the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 did not at first mean 武装した robber, though it soon （機の）カム to have that meaning because of the methods 可決する・採択するd by the runaway 罪人／有罪を宣告するs.)

The party left Wellington on 7th December, and moved north along the eastern bank of the Macquarie, calling at Gobawlin (Gobalyan) and Dibilamble at the junction of the Tabragar* with the Macquarie.

(* Now spelt Talbragar.)

At Dibilamble they crossed to the western bank of the river to 保存する as much as possible the direct line to Mt. Harris. On their northward 旅行 they detoured (12th December) to the west to visit Lake Buddah, finding it abounding in fish, although it had neither inlet nor 出口: Sturt 正確に supposed the fish （機の）カム in during floods. Returning to the river they reached the "cataract" somewhere in the 周辺 of what is now known as Rocky Point; here they crossed to the eastern bank, the 地元の aborigines helping with the 扱うing of 蓄える／店s. During this crossing the 探検隊／遠征隊's 晴雨計 was broken.

They reached Mt. Harris on 20th December, having passed the 場所／位置 of the 現在の town of 過密な住居 about 16th or 17th December. At Mt. Harris they 設立する the remains of Oxley's （軍の）野営地，陣営, and Sturt indulged in those very transient 暗い／優うつな reflections which seemed to have recurred from time to time on the occasion of each of his 探検隊／遠征隊s, and he wondered whether he would 後継する or fail.*

(* In his published account of this 旅行, Sturt 明言する／公表するs: "Only a week before I left Sydney I had followed Mr. Oxley to the tomb." But Oxley died on 26th May.)

After two days at Mt. Harris because of sickness amongst the men, the party moved to Mt. Foster, where they （軍の）野営地，陣営d (22nd December): the （軍の）野営地，陣営 存在, with reasonable probability, about where Travelling 在庫／株 Reserve 27240 is now. Although this was 名目上 a "base" （軍の）野営地，陣営 it was, in practice, very little so used. From here Sturt sent two men 支援する with despatches and 指示／教授／教育s to bring 救済 供給（する）s to Mt. Harris to を待つ the return of the main party.

Now began the real 商売／仕事 of the 探検隊／遠征隊--the attack on the 沼s. On 23rd December they moved 静かに northwards until they were stopped by reeds, through which they 軍隊d their way 支援する to the river. Here they were 近づく Buckinguy, probably across the river from 部分 II, Parish of Wundabungay.

The 巨大な lake through which Oxley could not travel was thus, at this 早期に 行う／開催する／段階 in their 旅行, 設立する to be: "a large and 爆破d plain, on which the sun's rays fell with 激しい heat." the ground itself, parched to an extreme degree, showing in many places 深い and dangerous clefts.

The party remained at this （軍の）野営地，陣営 from 23rd to 26th December. While the party was 静止している, Sturt and Hume 棒 西方のs to the Marra Creek, passing all the time through reed beds.

On the 26th the party moved a short distance northwards and （軍の）野営地，陣営d again amongst the reeds. The 場所／位置 of this （軍の）野営地，陣営 cannot be identified. From this （軍の）野営地，陣営 Sturt, on 26th December, taking two men and a week's 準備／条項s, 開始する，打ち上げるd his boat: but after 訴訟／進行 with very 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty for about eight miles he was 完全に stopped by reeds in shallow 沼s and had to return to （軍の）野営地，陣営 at the end of the second day. It is possible that he was on the Monkeygar Creek. While Sturt was away with the boat Hume had scouted to the northward and had returned to the （軍の）野営地，陣営 with the news that twelve miles to the north he had 設立する a serpentine sheet of water which he was sure was the channel of the river; but beyond this was a still more 広範囲にわたる 沼. Sturt then moved (28th December) the whole （軍の）野営地，陣営 to this new part of the river. Here he again 開始する，打ち上げるd the boat, but after two miles in a natural channel the reeds made any その上の 進歩 by boat やめる impossible. This was the end of all boat excursions, for although they dragged the boat with them for many days they never again used it.

Hope of water travel on the Macquarie having 消えるd, Sturt decided that his only course was to 軍隊 a land 旅行 to the northern end of the 沼s, and also 開始する his 調査する of the western 内部の. Examination of all 利用できる 証拠 示唆するs that they were now on the Macquarie 近づく Willan, probably 部分 17, Parish of Wullamgambone.

Sturt and Hume, each with two men, 始める，決める out on 31st December on 独立した・無所属 偵察s: Hume to go northwards along the eastern 味方する of the 沼s and circle 一連の会議、交渉／完成する their northern extremity, while Sturt went in a general north-westerly direction to see what he could find.

Sturt crossed the Marra Creek south of the Big Lagoon and reached the Bogan 近づく Cowga, sighting New Year's 範囲 on 1st January. On the に引き続いて day he reached and 指名するd Oxley's （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する Land: from the 首脳会議 of the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する Land he saw in the distant south-west the hills which he 指名するd D'都市の's Group. He then returned to the base （軍の）野営地，陣営 by a 大勝する a little to the east of his outward 旅行--arriving in （軍の）野営地，陣営 on 5th January.

Hume, 一方／合間, had started on a north-easterly course, crossing the Marthaguy and reaching the Merri Creek, which he followed northward, believing that it would join the Castlereagh; but as it turned はっきりと to the west and then 支援する to the north-east (about fourteen miles north of Carinda) he decided to leave it and go to the 西方の. On 3rd January he crossed the Marra Creek probably a little south of Yarrawin, then, taking up a more south-westerly direction; on 4th January he crossed the Bogan somewhere 近づく Cowga and 上がるd--and 指名するd--New Year's 範囲. Hume then returned to （軍の）野営地，陣営, arriving one day after Sturt.

One of Sturt's very rare inaccuracies may be について言及するd here.

[3-5] In his Narrative of an 探検隊／遠征隊 into Central Australia Sturt said:

[3-5 Narr. Cent.: 1.15.]

"The New Year's Creek of my first 探検隊／遠征隊, so called by my friend Mr. Hamilton Hume, because he crossed it on that day." But this was written in 1848, and Sturt's memory was at fault, for, 反して Sturt himself crossed New Year's Creek (the Bogan) on 1st January, Hume did not cross it until 4th January.

When Sturt and Hume compared 公式文書，認めるs they 設立する that they had 設立するd that there was a northern 限界 to the 沼s and no recognisable 出口 for the Macquarie River, that, to use Sturt's own words:

"My 旅行 had enabled me to put at 残り／休憩（する） forever a question of much previous 疑問. Of whatever extent the 沼s of the Macquarie might be, it was evident they were not connected with the Lachlan. I had 伸び（る）d a knowledge of more than 100 miles of the western 内部の, and had ascertained that no sea, indeed that little water, 存在するd on its surface. Although I had passed over much barren ground, I had likewise noticed 国／地域 that was far from poor. Yet, upon the whole, the space I 横断するd is ありそうもない to become the haunt of civilized man, or will become so in 孤立するd 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs as a chain of 関係 to a more fertile country; if a country 存在する to the 西方の."

The 正確 of his judgment is 著名な. A 旅行 to-day anywhere in the area between 過密な住居, Brewarrina, Bourke and Nyngan 耐えるs out, in every mile, every word of that 判決 of the first white man to see it.

Also, when they compared their 各々の 大勝するs, Sturt and Hume agreed that their 跡をつけるs must have been very 近づく each other at the Bogan River. This left open the remote 可能性 that the lower reaches of the Macquarie had been between the two 大勝するs and had been 行方不明になるd by both of them. This was too important a point to be' 決めかねて, and it was also necessary to 伸び（る） more （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） as to the nature of the "distant 内部の": their 準備／条項s were getting low and there was no time to lose. They decided to go north along the eastern 味方する of the 沼s and turn west as soon as they could 軍隊 a way through the reeds.

The story of this 旅行 in its geographical 面s can quickly be told. Hume, with the party, moved slowly north and （軍の）野営地，陣営d on Bulgeraga Creek, while Sturt made a hurried trip to Mt. Harris hoping to find that 供給（する）s had arrived there.

On the second day Hume took the party along Bulgeraga Creek till that creek lost itself in the 沼s and then continued northwards for another fifteen miles. This would bring them to a point almost 予定 west of Quilbone (perhaps about 部分 3 Parish of Molle).

Here Sturt joined them and すぐに took the whole party 西方のs, 軍隊ing their way through the reeds and 現れるing on to a 広大な plain.

Leaving this plain (13th January) they went 西方の to Marra Creek (Sturt's Duck Creek) reaching it at about Narrawin, followed it northerly for seven miles, then turned 西方の, reaching the Bogan 予定 east of New Year's 範囲: just before reaching the Bogan they crossed, on the same day, both Sturt's and Hume's 跡をつけるs of the previous 旅行s, as they had 心配するd. The party （軍の）野営地，陣営d (17th January) on a water-穴を開ける under New Year's 範囲. From this （軍の）野営地，陣営 Sturt and Hume made a short 旅行 southerly over the claypan to the neighbourhood of Stony Hills, north-east of Coolabah, returning to the （軍の）野営地，陣営 the に引き続いて day to find one of the men, Norman,* 行方不明の.

(*See p. 24.)

From this （軍の）野営地，陣営 the party moved 支援する to the Bogan to a point where a 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 of red granite crosses the river. The actual point of 接触する would be somewhere between Gongolgon and Pink Hills. They followed 負かす／撃墜する the Bogan to a point almost 予定 east of Oxley's Tableland to which they moved on 23rd January. Here the main party （軍の）野営地，陣営d while Sturt and Hume made a 旅行 to D'都市の's Group. The nature of this group of hills and of Oxley's （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する Land evoked in Sturt's mind the 概念 of these 範囲s 存在 like islands in the 中央 of the ocean, "only wanting the sea to lave the base." The inland sea was never far from his mind.

At this point Sturt abandoned all idea of 旅行s その上の 西方の--the water problem had been 激烈な／緊急の for days. On his return to the （軍の）野営地，陣営 Sturt moved the whole party (31st January) 支援する to the Bogan to the point where that river turned 西方の along the course now known as the "乾燥した，日照りの Bogan": this course they followed 西方の, and, leaving this river bed in a general northerly direction, （機の）カム suddenly, on 2nd February, on the 広大な／多数の／重要な watercourse of the Darling--a "noble river" the water of which was unhappily salt.

"I 設立する it 極端に salt, 存在 明らかに a mixture of sea and fresh water. Whence this arose, whether from 地元の 原因（となる）s, or from a communication with some inland sea, I knew not, but the 発見 was certainly a blow for which I was not 用意が出来ている."

The point at which Sturt discovered the Darling can be 決定するd with reasonable approximation. It is 示すd by three features, a 暗礁 of 激しく揺するs 近づく a かなりの 宙返り飛行 in the river, a distance of だいたい four or five miles from the Darling--乾燥した，日照りの Bogan junction, and Sturt's comment:

"If I might hazard an opinion from 外見, to whatever part of the 内部の it leads its source must be far to the northeast or north."

The 激しく揺する 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 which appears to answer Sturt's description was probably at a place 述べるd in some of the old 記録，記録的な／記録するs as St. Vincent's Point which was very の近くに to what is now known as Stony Point--the 批判的な point at which the Darling turns はっきりと from a 始める，決める westerly course to a 永久的に south-westerly one.

After crossing the "乾燥した，日照りの" Bogan the 大勝する followed by Sturt is shown in the sketch 用意が出来ている by Mr. W. K. Glover, of Llandillo 駅／配置する. This 大勝する （許可，名誉などを）与えるs so closely with the description given by Sturt that it may be 受託するd, in 見解（をとる） of Mr. Glover's 包括的な knowledge of the locality, as 存在 reasonably 正確な.

Sturt first pitched （軍の）野営地，陣営 on the Darling at the point where the Llandillo pumping 工場／植物 is now 位置を示すd about three miles upstream from Stoney Point (the point of first 接触する is about 8 or 9 miles upstream from Stoney Point): and the point at which Hume 設立する fresh water is, as shown, だいたい two miles south of Stoney Point. In "横断するing a 深い bight" the party must have passed very の近くに to Llandillo homestead, which is 位置を示すd on the sandhill crossed by Hume.

They followed the Darling 石油精製--passing the 場所／位置 of Bourke about 4th February--until 9th February, when they turned 支援する, having reached a point a little south of Redbank.* Before they left this end point of their 旅行 Hume carved his 初期のs on a tree: these were seen by Mitchell in 1835 and the place was pointed by Mitchell as 53 degrees E. of S. from D'都市の's Group. At this turning point Sturt 指名するd the river the "Darling": "to 支払う／賃金 by this trifling 示す of 尊敬（する）・点 some part of the 感謝 I 借りがある to the 現在の 知事 of the 植民地."

(* See 虫垂, 公式文書，認める. 2.)

They had 設立する the water too salt to drink throughout the whole course of their 旅行 負かす／撃墜する the Darling: "I certainly thought we were 速く approaching some inland sea": but before they left the Darling he knew that the saltness was 予定 to springs of salt water in the bed of the river.

This 欠如（する） of water was 圧力（をかける）ing ひどく on them--there had been no rain since they left Mt. Foster--and Sturt felt 強いるd to return at once to their base. This they did by their outward 大勝する without 出来事/事件--except that on 14th February they had to stop to make some slight 修理s to the boat carriage--this boat that was never to be used. On reaching the western 辛勝する／優位 of the 沼s Sturt and Hume 棒 northward to 診察する the country in that direction, finding that the reeds 徐々に disappeared.

On 22nd February they reached （軍の）野営地，陣営 at. Mt. Harris to find 供給（する）s を待つing them: the Macquarie had wholly 中止するd to flow and now consisted of a chain of ponds.

The party remained in （軍の）野営地，陣営 until 7th March, Sturt 完全にするing his despatches to the 知事.

During this period two short 旅行s were made.

Hume 棒 西方の more than forty miles, crossing the Marra and the Bogan. He returned 報告（する）／憶測ing that the country was 井戸／弁護士席 watered.

Sturt himself made a short 旅行 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the south-west angle of the 沼s, and going northwards got to the 底（に届く） of the first 広大な／多数の／重要な 沼 (Willan), thus, with all their previous 旅行s, 完全にするing the 回路・連盟 of the 沼s and 取って代わるing mystery by knowledge.

There remained one 仕事--a 早い 探検 of the country to the north of the eastern 面 of the 沼s. Sturt 記録，記録的な／記録するs that they were "決定するd to make for the Castlereagh agreeably to our 指示／教授／教育s." This is perhaps too 自由主義の an 解釈／通訳 of paragraph nine of the 指示／教授／教育s (see p. 170), but it was an obvious 客観的な.

The party left Mt. Harris on 7th 沼 on an E.N.E. course, crossing the Marthaguy a little south of Gradgery, the Merri just south of Upper Neinby, and reached the Castlereagh probably between Riverside and Coonamble. They followed slowly 負かす／撃墜する the Castlereagh from 10th to 29th March: on the latter date they reached the junction of the Castlereagh with the Darling. Sturt was やめる sure it was the Darling:

"A 選び出す／独身 glimpse was 十分な to tell us it was the Darling. At a distance of more than ninety miles nearer its source, this singular river still 保存するd its character, so strikingly, that it was impossible not to have 認めるd it in a moment."

At this point Sturt had to consider his 未来 movements. He crossed the Darling and 棒 north-west, finding nothing but a boundless plain, nothing to encourage him to proceed. There was still no rain--so he started on the return to Sydney. Their point of 出発 was the junction of the Lower Marthaguy and a creek running northwards from the Macquarie 沼s; about a mile-and--half south of this they crossed the 跡をつけるs made by Hume on his first 西方の 旅行, which were still 明白な.

Working their way southwards, still に引き続いて the creek bed (which is 指名するd on Sturt's 地図／計画するs "the Macquarie Rivulet") they 削減（する） their own 跡をつけるs made on the outward 旅行 to the Darling, and thence 負かす／撃墜する the eastern 味方する of the 沼s, reaching Mt. Harris on 7th April. Moving 静かに up the Macquarie they reached Wellington on 21st April after an absence of four months and two weeks.

This period of four and a half months was one of sheer hard work unrelieved by any 劇の 出来事/事件.

One of the men, Norman, was lost in the bush for nearly three days, 存在 without food or water for the whole period: Sturt 始める，決める 解雇する／砲火／射撃 to the cypress and he was thus guided 支援する to （軍の）野営地，陣営. The 出来事/事件 was important, not only in keeping the others from wandering, but in the 影響 it had on Sturt's 警戒s in later 探検隊／遠征隊s.

For food they were 扶養家族 完全に on their own 供給（する）s: native game was absent, even the aborigines had been driven from this 干ばつ-stricken area. As Sturt said:

"How could an European 推定する／予想する to find food in 砂漠s through which the savage wandered in vain?"

The problem of water 供給（する） can be 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるd by anyone who has been through this country. To take a party of eleven men with eleven horses and ten bullocks over the country between 過密な住居, Brewarrina, and Bourke in midsummer, after a three years' 干ばつ, with every foot of the 旅行 unknown country, would 実験（する） the 質s of any leader.

"So long had the 干ばつ continued, that the vegetable kingdom was almost 絶滅するd, and minor' vegetation had disappeared: the largest forest trees were drooping, and many were dead."

They had to rely on surface water 速く 乾燥した，日照りのing up--even the Bogan was a chain of pools 刻々と 縮むing. Each day water was a recurring 苦悩.

"Mr. Hume and myself wandered over 上向きs of 600 miles more than the main 団体／死体 of the 探検隊／遠征隊 in our constant and anxious search for water."

But, as a good leader, he never left himself without a 安全な 退却／保養地; and, while on occasion his life line may have been stretched to its 限界, it never broke.

They were 大いに troubled with 飛行機で行くs "which settled on us in thousands," and disappeared at sunset: it is the same to-day.

In his 遭遇（する）s with wild aborigines, for Sturt a new experience, he had the 広大な／多数の／重要な advantage of Hume's life-long familiarity with native customs and mental reactions. Around the Macquarie and across the plains they met few aborigines: with these, patience and a friendly approach were 十分な. On the Darling the natives were more 非常に／多数の.

"The paths of the natives on either 味方する of the river were like 井戸／弁護士席-trodden roads."

At first these natives, taken by surprise, were 敵意を持った and 始める，決める 解雇する／砲火／射撃 to the scrub; but again friendly 前進するs were 十分な. These Darling River natives were 苦しむing from "a violent cutaneous 病気 that was 広範囲にわたる them off in 広大な／多数の／重要な numbers." When the party was again on the Darling 近づく the Castlereagh junction more natives were met, and, again, relations were やめる friendly.

From this 探検隊／遠征隊 Sturt 明確に表すd the 原則s 治める／統治するing 接触する with wild aborigines.

"The 広大な／多数の／重要な point is not to alarm their natural timidity; to 演習 patience in your intercourse with them; to 扱う／治療する them kindly; and to watch them with 疑惑, 特に at night. Never 許す your men to steal away from the （軍の）野営地，陣営, but keep them as compact as possible; and at every 駅／配置する so arrange your drays and 準備／条項s that they may serve as a defence in 事例／患者 of your 存在 attacked."

While they may not seem much now when the whole of this country can be covered easily by car, yet, at the time, the results of this 探検隊／遠征隊 were very important.

For forty years there had been vague 憶測s as to the nature of the "内部の": these 憶測s had 吸収するd an element of mystery, and even of gloom, by Oxley's 発見 of "沼s" as the 運命／宿命 of two main rivers flowing 西方の. Even if there were no suggestions of bunyips, dragons, or other terrors in the 押し寄せる／沼地s, there was a settled 有罪の判決 that the 内部の 申し込む／申し出d no land for 解決／入植地, no prospect of 拡大 for the pastoral 産業 that was already 速く developing.

Sturt, in one sweep, （疑いを）晴らすd away all these clouds of mystery. The 沼s of the Macquarie had been shown to be nothing more than an ordinary 沼 or 押し寄せる／沼地: true it was large, but it had no 影響（力） on the country to the 西方の which, so far from 存在 a shallow sea, was "in itself a （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する land to all 意図s and 目的s."

The Macquarie was 設立する to continue as a small stream from the north end of the 沼s. More than one hundred miles of new country west of the Macquarie had been 横断するd and its nature 決定するd.

The course of all the rivers in that area--the Namoi, Gwydir, Dumaresq, Castlereagh, Macquarie, and Bogan, and their 身元 as 支流s of the Darling, had been decided.

すぐに and 必然的に （機の）カム the question--what happens to the Lachlan 沼s? Is the country to the south of that covered by Sturt of the same character? What is the course of the Darling below Sturt's last point of 接触する?

In his manuscript 定期刊行物 of this 1828 探検隊／遠征隊 Sturt gives his opinion on the 運命／宿命 of the Darling:

[3-6] "Considering the advantages that would probably accrue to the 植民地 should the Darling be 設立する to 発射する／解雇する itself on the South Coast, it is to be hoped that such 期待s will 結局 be realised; but I 恐れる this river 横断するs a 広大な extent of country ere it reaches the sea, if indeed it ever reaches it, for I apprehend that it is turned by high lands, and the union of many rivers in the south-east angle of the island from its 初めの course, to the northward and 西方の."

[3-6 Mit. Lib. A.1933.]

Sturt appended a 地図／計画する at the end of this 定期刊行物 showing the "supposed course of the Darling." After joining with the Murrumbidgee the river, on this 地図／計画する, turns, just north of 35 degrees S., in a sharp 宙返り飛行 and runs away to the north-west.

Sturt had done more than 取って代わる an exciting mystery by commonplace fact, and, literally, bring the whole 事柄 負かす／撃墜する to earth; he had given the people of this young land a new conception of 大陸の dignity which was the, beginning of a vigorous and healthy 国家の pride.

And he had done something to himself:

"The Darling River must be considered as the 境界 line to all inland 発見s from the eastward. Any judgment or opinion of the 内部の to the 西方の of that stream would be 極端に premature and uncertain.

"My knowledge of the 内部の is too 限られた／立憲的な to 正当化する me in any 結論 with regard to the central parts of Australia. An ample field is open to 企業 and to ambition, and it is to be hoped that some more 決定的な 対策 will be carried into 影響, both for the sake of the 植民地 and of 地理学, to fill up the blank upon the 直面する of the chart of Australia, and to 除去する from us the reproach of 無関心／冷淡 and inaction."

He had 降伏するd himself to that 吸収するing 利益／興味 in the "central parts of Australia," to which he was bound for life. Darling, in his despatch (24th April, 1829) to the 国務長官, 報告（する）／憶測ing the results of this 探検隊／遠征隊, commended Sturt's leadership and 強調するd the [3-7] "judicious manner and patience and zeal which do him infinite credit."

[3-7 H.R.A. XIV. 607, 721.]

This 賞賛する was fully 正当化するd.

CHAPTER IV - The Second 探検隊／遠征隊

Sturt 再結合させるd his 連隊 in Sydney on 27th April, 1829, but was restless under the challenge of the still 未解決の riddle of the 内部の. The 記録，記録的な／記録するs of the 39th 連隊 明言する／公表する that he "again most 特に requested 許可 to proceed once more for the 目的 of 調査するing the country in another direction."

Evidently some 決定／判定勝ち（する） had been taken by September, 1829, for on 17th of that month Sturt wrote to Hamilton Hume a letter of かなりの 利益／興味: from this letter it seems that both the 知事 and Sturt hoped that Hume would again go with Sturt. Sturt wrote 示すing his 計画（する）s:1

[4-1] "I hope my 計画（する）s will 会合，会う your 是認: they will lead us direct to the place you wished to make for from 開始する Harris, and に向かって your old 大勝する. You will see that we must descend the Darling in boats...as, however, I 信用 we shall again 旅行 together I will not here enter into particulars."

[4-1 Hume: 陸路の 旅行 1824; 1873 Ed.]

It is obvious that 憶測 as to the 内部の was still very 混乱させるd. While Sturt, realising that its saltness was 予定 to brine springs in the bed of the river, had given up his idea that the Darling 発射する／解雇するd into an inland ("Mediterranean" he called it) sea, he still thought it doubtful whether it continued southerly to the ocean or "turned westerly and ran into the heart of the 内部の."

[4-2] About this time, however, Darling received （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that there was a "large lagoon in the neighbourhood of St. Vincent's 湾."* It is （疑いを）晴らす that, after the discussions which must certainly have been held, the 知事 decided that Sturt should follow the Murrumbidgee 負かす／撃墜する to 決定する whether it 終結させるd in a 沼, as was considered "not improbable," or 部隊d with the Darling, or emptied itself into the sea on the southern coast of the 植民地.

[4-2 R.G.S.S.A. VIII 49.]

(* This was Lake Alexandrina.)

Should it be 設立する to 終結させる in a 沼, Sturt was to proceed 陸路の to the Darling and follow that stream 負かす／撃墜する "as far as circumstances may （判決などを）下す 望ましい."

The first 反対する was to trace the course of the Murrumbidgee, as, if that stream should join the Darling, the combination of these two "かなりの rivers" would form a navigable stream 開始 a direct and, perhaps, 平易な communication between Sydney and these distant parts of the 植民地: and, if it should be 設立する, as was not improbable, that the 共同の stream 発射する／解雇するd into the "large lagoon" on the coast there might be direct communication with the sea, although Darling's （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） at that time was that there was no 出口 from this lagoon to St. Vincent's 湾.

The above 代表するs the 実体 of Darling's despatch (21st November, 1829) to 植民地の 長官 Murray 発表するing the 出発 of Sturt's second 探検隊／遠征隊.

The 探検隊／遠征隊 was based on the 計画（する） of に引き続いて the Murrumbidgee by land as far as practicable, and then 開始する，打ち上げるing the boat, continuing by water until they were stopped: it is reasonably 確かな that Sturt did not 心配する that the boat 旅行 would be as long as it 証明するd to be. The 計画（する） of the 旅行 存在 類似の to that of the first 探検隊／遠征隊, the 手はず／準備 were of the same pattern. Instead, however, of a light boat, a 鯨 boat, 25 feet long, with a beam of 5 feet, was first built, 取り去る／解体するd, and, during the land 旅行, 輸送（する）d in sections.

On this 旅行 more 解雇する／砲火／射撃 武器 were taken than on the first 探検隊／遠征隊, and a small still was carried, for the distillation of water in the event of finding the water of the Darling salt as it was on the previous 旅行.

Hume did not join the 探検隊／遠征隊, and the main party consisted of:

Sturt and George Macleay.
Harris, Hopkinson, Fraser and Clayton, who had all been on the first 探検隊／遠征隊.
Two 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, Mulholland and MacNamee.
And a small supporting land party.

The 探検隊／遠征隊 left Sydney on 3rd November, 1829. Sturt has 記録，記録的な／記録するd the 暗い／優うつな reflections that seem to have recurred at the 手始め of each 探検隊／遠征隊: but this time transient and not very serious:

"I 設立する myself on that delightful morning 主要な my horses through the gates of those 兵舎 whose 管区s I might never again enter, and whose inmates I might never again behold 組み立てる／集結するd in 軍の array.

"Yet although the chance of misfortune flashed across my mind, I was never はしけ at heart, or more joyous in spirit:"

A.--THE OVERLAND JOURNEY
3rd November to 26th December

From Sydney to Gundagai it is possible to follow the 探検隊／遠征隊's 大勝する ーに関して／ーの点でs of the 現在の Hume 主要道路. に引き続いて on Hume's 陸路の 旅行 to Port Phillip five years before, 植民／開拓者s had 押し進めるd out with their sheep and had 設立するd themselves at Yass, Jugiong, and as far as Gundagai: 'at least one 陸路の party had taken cattle into Victoria, crossing the Murrumbidgee at Gundagai. To this point, therefore, there were 原始の 跡をつけるs to follow--跡をつけるs which, 自然に, kept の近くに to water.

Sturt, with his party, followed the 現在の Hume 主要道路 to Liverpool, the Cross Roads past Carnes Hill to the old Cowpastures Road, along which they travelled, having the Raby 広い地所 on the 権利 and Varroville, Sturt's home later, about three miles to their left. 近づく Narellan they would have a choice of roads to Macleay's 所有物／資産／財産 at Brownlow Hill in the angle between the Hunter Rivulet and Nepean River. From Brownlow Hill the 跡をつける kept to the west of the Hunter Rivulet, passing through The Oaks village and, crossing the Stonequarry Creek, entered the 現在の town of Picton from the west just beside the 現在の 橋（渡しをする）.

From Picton the road followed 事実上 the 現在の 主要道路 through Myrtle Creek, Tahmoor, Bargo, to just south of Yerrinbool where, instead of turning はっきりと to the 権利, に向かって Aylmerton, it kept straight on over the Mittagong 範囲, leaving the 現在の town of Mittagong about one mile to the west and joining the 現在の 主要道路 at Bong Bong. n this section Sturt passed through the 所有物／資産／財産 he was later to own.

From Bong Bong the 大勝する was that of the 現在の road through Moss Vale and Sutton Forest to the Cross Roads. From this point the old road went south-西方のs through the Wombat 小衝突 to the junction of 米，稲's River and the Wollondilly River 近づく the 現在の village of Canyonleigh.

Thence they followed the valley of the Wollondilly, passing Lockyersleigh, and the 場所／位置 of Old Towrang on the south bank of the river, crossing a 宙返り飛行 of the river, and （軍の）野営地，陣営ing on the river "under the bluff end of Cookbundoon" at Murray's Flats.

The next morning, 16th November, they moved up the Wollondilly River across to the flats known as Mulwaree Ponds between the city of Goulburn and the War 記念の, and followed these flats along to Dr. Gibson's 所有物／資産／財産 Tirranna--thirteen days from Sydney to Goulburn.

Tirranna is readily identifiable, as the 所有物／資産／財産 is still owned by the Gibson family. From Tirranna, four miles south of Goulburn, the 大勝する was westerly over the hills to 近づく the point where the road to Canberra leaves the Hume 主要道路, and from there the 跡をつける was, for practical 目的s, the same as the 現在の 主要道路. Sturt comments on-, the Breadalbane Plains, について言及するs Redall's farm, and 公式文書，認めるs 特に the "large white 集まりs of quartz 激しく揺する"--still plainly to be seen to the north of the road.

[4-3] Redall's farm was 指名するd Mut-mut-billy--the 指名する still 存在するing as that of a creek in this 地域. From these plains the Cullerin 範囲 was crossed, and, on the other 味方する of this 範囲, they visited J. K. Hume's* 駅／配置する (Woolowardalla) "on the banks of the Lorn" (Fish River). Leaving Hume's place they （軍の）野営地，陣営d on Meadow Creek at Gunning. Then to Yass, crossing the Mundoonen 範囲 by a pass which, Sturt said: "is not inappropriately called the Devil's Pass."

[4-3 A month in the bush of Australia. 国家の Library 小冊子s, Vol. IX.]

(* Hamilton Hume's brother.)

At Yass they stayed with Mr. Henry O'Brien at his 所有物／資産／財産 on what is now known as O'Brien's Creek and Yass River. After spending a day 静かに there they continued their 旅行, Mr. O'Brien 現在のing them with eight wethers which were to 供給する them with a welcome change of diet; and also sending with them an aborigine to guide them to the Murrumbidgee. Then, passing "a remarkable hill called Pouni" (Mt. Bowning) they called at the 駅／配置する of Hume's father (Bowning), and here they left the 大勝する of the 現在の 主要道路, turning to the north-west along the 現在の road to Binalong, ーするつもりであるing to visit Underaliga, a 駅／配置する 占領するd by Dr. Harris. This Underaliga[4-4] was almost certainly the place known later as Dunderalligo 位置を示すd 近づく the position of the 現在の Goondah 鉄道 駅／配置する. This brought them on to the 長，率いる of Jugiong Creek, which they followed 負かす／撃墜する to the point at which the 現在の Hume 主要道路 crosses it by a 橋（渡しをする）--which is also the point at which Jugiong Creek joins the Murrumbidgee. This hill is a 目印 on the 旅行. Sturt 述べるs it in his usual terse, 正確な way:

[4-4 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Under-長官, Lands Department, N.S.W.]

"The Murrumbidgee （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する to the foot of this little hill from the south: from the hill on which the hut stands it runs away 西方の, almost in a direct line."

The hill is easily identifiable--it rises すぐに ahead as the Jugiong 橋（渡しをする） is crossed going south.

They （軍の）野営地，陣営d in the middle of the Jugiong plain at about the position of the old 共同墓地.

This was Sturt's first sight of the Murrumbidgee and his delight at the contrast between it and the Macquarie was 広大な／多数の／重要な:

"Instead of a river which had almost 中止するd to flow I now looked 負かす／撃墜する upon a stream, whose 現在の it would have been difficult to breast, and whose waters, 泡，激怒することing の中で 激しく揺するs, or circling in eddies, gave 早期に 約束 of a 無謀な course."

They followed the river 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the bend past the 現在の 郡区 of Jugiong, turning over the hills by a 法外な pass on to the plain from which Cooney's Creek rises. From here, keeping to the east of the 現在の Hume 主要道路, they made their way over the undulating country till they （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する into Muttama Creek Valley, which they followed till they （機の）カム to where Mingay 鉄道 駅／配置する now stands. From this point they followed along だいたい the 現在の 私的な road to Mingay homestead. Here at that time a Mr. Warby* had a 駅／配置する: at this place, which was their last 接触する with 解決／入植地, they stayed that night. The に引き続いて day Mr. Warby 操縦するd them to the river at Gundagai, probably に引き続いて the 現在の 大勝する of the Hume 主要道路 from 近づく Mingay 鉄道 駅／配置する. Here Sturt had to make a 決定／判定勝ち（する）. This is the point at which their 大勝する, having, from Sydney, been south-west, and known, became definitely west and やめる unknown.

(* Sturt （一定の）期間s it Whaby.)

Mr. Warby had 保証するd Sturt that he could not take the carts 西方の along the river on the north bank because of the rough country, so Sturt decided to cross to the south bank which looked much easier. Copying the method Hume had used on his 陸路の 旅行, Sturt 攻撃するd tarpaulins around the dray 団体／死体 and thus フェリー（で運ぶ）d his 蓄える／店s across. The point of crossing can be 直す／買収する，八百長をするd with reasonable certainty as very 近づく to the 現在の 鉄道 橋（渡しをする）--現実に the cairn which has been 築くd there as a monument is very 適切に 位置を示すd. The date shown on the cairn is, however, wrong--the date was 28th, not 30th November.

In 見解（をとる） of the prevalence of nettles on these river flats even to-day, it is of 利益／興味 to 公式文書，認める that, during this crossing, Mulholland, 存在 naked after swimming the river, was 厳しく stung by them.

On 29th November they began their 旅行 西方の along the south bank of the river, but had gone only seven miles when the country became impassable for the drays, while the north bank seemed better: so they crossed 支援する to the north bank, which they never again left throughout the 残り／休憩（する） of the land 旅行. This crossing was a little to the east of Nangus--the exact point cannot be 決定するd; the only direct 証拠 is that of the Hon. James Gormley, who has 記録，記録的な／記録するd:

[4-5] "When I went to Nangus in 1844 several of the aborigines pointed out Sturt's place of crossing to me."

[4-5 R.A.H.S. 11.39.]

For the next two days 進歩 was slow because of rain, but they managed to travel as far as a "plain which the natives called Pondebadgery." This was Wantabadgery, where they 残り／休憩（する）d for a day, the men catching a number of codfish, the largest of which 重さを計るd forty 続けざまに猛撃するs. From Wantabadgery they crossed a 範囲 of hills to the 西方の--very probably along the 大勝する of the 現在の road, as Sturt's description would fit this 大勝する 井戸／弁護士席 enough--coming 負かす／撃墜する to a chain of ponds and serpentine sheet of water. During this day they rose at one point 十分に high to 得る an 広範囲にわたる 見解（をとる） and took bearings on "a 独房監禁 二塁打 hill 耐えるing S.82 degrees W. distant twelve miles, and another singular elevation that bore S.32 degrees W. called by the natives Kengal." There has been かなりの 憶測 as to the 身元 of these two 頂点（に達する）s; but there can be no certainty.

It seems probable that "the singular elevation" is The 激しく揺する, but if this is so it is difficult to identify the point from which the compass 耐えるing was taken. It may be 公式文書，認めるd that this 指名する [4-6] "Kengal" appears as the 指名する of one of the eminences sighted by Sturt from D'都市の's Group on his previous 探検隊／遠征隊. The day after these 観察s had been taken they entered a forest consisting of box-trees, casuarinae, and cypresses on a light, sandy 国／地域, in which both horses and bullocks sank so 深い that their 労働 was 大いに 増加するd.

[4-6 Two Exp. 1.212.]

The combination of a serpentine sheet of water and loose sandy 国／地域 示唆するs that they （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する from the 周辺 of Oura on the 5th December, reaching the sandy flats of Wagga Wagga on that or the に引き続いて day. If this be so, there is an error or misprint in the compass bearings. The point is not of 広大な／多数の／重要な importance.

As they proceeded 負かす／撃墜する the river the country became much flatter--they 上がるd a granite hill (Mt. Arthur) from which they identified a "二塁打 hill 耐えるing S.10 degrees W." which was Mt. Galore.

Sturt continued his 旅行 西方の, 公式文書，認めるing the sandhills [4-7] 近づく Berembed Weir, 上がるing an "inconsiderable elevation" (Bundidgerry Hill), reaching the 場所／位置 of Narrandera on 10th December, and on 11th December "the country on the opposite 味方する of the river had all the features of that to the north of it, but a plain of such extent suddenly opened upon us to the southward, that I 停止（させる）d at once in order to 診察する it."

[4-7 The author is indebted to Mr. H. B. Rowlands, of Narrandera, for （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the section between Mt. Arthur and Narrandera.]

Sturt called this plain "Hamilton's Plains," but that 指名する has been forgotten. The plain is that which is crossed by Yanco Creek, and the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す at which Sturt made his （軍の）野営地，陣営 on 11th December is on, or very 近づく, 部分 8 Parish of Cudgel, this 存在 the only place at which this plain comes の近くに to the south bank for about half-a-mile: どこかよそで the 辛勝する／優位 of the plain is some かなりの distance from the river. This is, on an 空気／公表する-line, between six and seven miles west of Narrandera. Having 診察するd this plain on 12th December they continued their 西方の 旅行 on 13th December. They had passed all high lands and the 内部の to the 西方の 現在のd an 無傷の level to the 注目する，もくろむ. Still low 範囲s continued to their 権利 and the cypress 山の尾根s became more たびたび（訪れる） and denser. Now began a fortnight of 疲れた／うんざりした toil. Some 抽出するs from Sturt's own account will give the picture:

"Our 大勝する during the day was over as melancholy a tract as ever was travelled. The plains to the north and north-west bounded the horizon--not a tree of any 肉親，親類d was 明白な upon them. It was 平等に open to the south, and it appeared as if the river was おとりing us into a 砂漠, there to leave us in difficulty and in 苦しめる. It is impossible for me to 述べる the 肉親，親類d of country we were now 横断するing, or the dreariness of the 見解（をとる） it 現在のd.

"Neither beast nor bird 住むd these lonely and inhospitable 地域s, over which the silence of the 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な seemed to 統治する. We started on the 23rd with the same boundlessness of plain on either 味方する of us, but in the course of the morning we got upon a light, tenacious and blistered 国／地域. The drays and animals sank so 深い in this, that we were 強いるd to make for the river, and keep upon its 即座の banks."

On 24th and 25th December they had the same difficulties, struggling over light rotten 国／地域 and through fields of polygonum junceum. They had not, for days past, seen a blade of grass.

On 25th December, Sturt, with Macleay, 棒 northwards to the Lachlan, crossed it, and 診察するd the country to the north of it.* He decided, 正確に, that he had arrived at the junction of the Lachlan with the Murrumbidgee, and he held the first 重要な to the 解答 of the riddle of the rivers.

(* The aborigines, in 1836, told Mitchell of this visit of Sturt to, and across, the Lachlan.)

The exact point of his 接触する with the Lachlan is 不明確な／無期限の, but is unimportant. The next day, 26th December, brought the necessity for a 批判的な 決定／判定勝ち（する）:

"On the 26th we 横断するd plains of the same wearisome description. The wheels of the drays sank up to their axle-trees, and the horses above their fetlocks at every step. In several instances, the 軍隊 of both teams was put to one dray, to extricate it from the bed into which it had sunk. I was checked in my 前進する by high reeds spreading as far as the 注目する，もくろむ can reach, under which the 国／地域 is so soft that the drays stuck 急速な／放蕩な and the cattle knocked up."

They had wandered a little north, away from the river, and had got into the Lachlan 沼s--the sponge-like delta into which the Lachlan fans out before seeping its way into the Murrumbidgee.

Here was the Macquarie puzzle all over again, 認めるd at once by Harris, Fraser, Hopkinson and Clayton as an unwelcome event.

Sturt sent Macleay scouting 今後, and, on 審理，公聴会 that the reeds stretched as far as Macleay could see, the party turned south and （軍の）野営地，陣営d on the Murrumbidgee banks.

Next morning Sturt 押し進めるd through the reeds until he could see the open country on the other 味方する, country of a nature 類似の to that over which they had been travelling for days. There was need for an 即座の 決定／判定勝ち（する）. His 指示／教授／教育s were that, if the Murrumbidgee ended in a 沼, he was to go straight across country to 回復する the Darling.

But did these reed-beds 代表する the end of the Murrumbidgee?

He had already identified, at least provisionally, the Lachlan, and would be 正当化するd in assuming that these reed-beds were of the Lachlan, rather than of the Murrumbidgee.

He could have settled the point by scouting around the reed-beds as he had done on the Macquarie. 現実に he did this: he and Macleay 棒 along the Murrumbidgee banks for some miles. He 設立する that river still 深い, its 現在の still 早い, and its banks still high--the whole picture やめる different from the flat 沼s of the Macquarie. Moreover he was now at least one hundred miles west of all known river courses, 含むing his own first 接触する with the Darling. He felt 納得させるd from all the 証拠 that the Murrumbidgee would continue as a river. He had vague （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） from the 地元の aborigines 近づく Narrandera that there was another stream to the south "to which the Murrumbidgee was but a creek, and that we could 伸び（る） it in four days."

He had the Darling to the north flowing south-west, the Murray to the south flowing west, and he was on a river flowing 堅固に to the west, he had good 推論する／理由 for 推定するing that they must all converge--and, かもしれない, 会合，会う at some point. He could have decided the 問題／発行する by keeping on with the 旅行 by land, but the nature of the country and the 疲れた／うんざりしたd 明言する／公表する of his cattle induced his 決定／判定勝ち（する） to 開始する，打ち上げる the boat and continue the 旅行 by water. When this 決定／判定勝ち（する） was made, and the party was in （軍の）野営地，陣営 組み立てる／集結するing the boat, he wrote despatches, and also a friendly letter to Hamilton Hume (4th January, 1830) telling him of the 窮地, and of his 決定／判定勝ち（する）:

[4-8] "Where I shall wander to God only knows. I have little 疑問, however, that I shall 最終的に make the coast."

[4-8 Life p.58; Hume 陸路の 旅行 1824.]

The party was in （軍の）野営地，陣営 from 26th December, 1829, to 6th January, 1830, 組み立てる／集結するing the boat they had 運ぶ／漁獲高d from Sydney; and, as this was not large enough to 持つ／拘留する all their 蓄える／店s, they felled a 地元の tree and built a small skiff.

There has been much examination of 証拠, and かなりの 憶測 関心ing the 場所 of this 倉庫・駅, as Sturt called his （軍の）野営地，陣営. In his own printed account Sturt gives its position as either twelve or fifteen miles (he gives both 人物／姿／数字s) above the point where the Lachlan joins the Murrumbidgee. As it is not even possible to identify, with any certainty, the point which Sturt would have 受託するd as this point of junction, the 場所／位置 of the 倉庫・駅 must remain always uncertain.

[4-9] に引き続いて the windings of the river twelve miles would be about 部分 42, Parish of Toopuntul. n the other 手渡す topographical features 示唆する a position 近づく to Travelling 在庫／株 Reserve 41069. It would be not 不当な to say that the "倉庫・駅" was somewhere 近づく this Travelling 在庫／株 Reserve: but it would be 不当な, on any 現在の 証拠, to be more 限定された. This position is about sixteen miles west of Maude on an 空気／公表する-line.

[4-9 価値のある advice has been given by the Under-長官, Lands Department, N.S.W., and Mr. R. B. Ronald, of Nap Nap 駅／配置する.]

B.--DOWN THE RIVERS TO THE SEA
7th January to 11th February, 1830

All 準備s having been 完全にするd by 6th January, Sturt selected his party (whose 指名するs have been given above), gave 指示／教授／教育s to the supporting party, under the 支配（する）／統制する of Robert Harris, to remain at the 倉庫・駅 for one week and then return to Goulburn. They killed the last remaining sheep and everything was ready by the evening of the 6th January.

On the morning of the 7th January they said 別れの（言葉，会） to the returning party and "乗る，着手するd on the bosom of that stream along the banks of which we had 旅行d for so many miles--whether ever to return 存在 a point of the greatest 不確定."

From the 7th to the 14th January they were travelling 負かす／撃墜する the Murrumbidgee. After passing the 推定するd mouth of the Lachlan the skiff was 穴を開けるd by striking a sunken スピードを出す／記録につける and すぐに sank. Some hours were spent in 回復するing the articles which had been thrown out as the skiff sank: but the worst 損失 was the mixing of fresh water with the brine in the 樽s of meat: this was to 影響する／感情 their food 供給（する） to a serious degree.

They passed and 公式文書，認めるd the stream 近づく Balranald connecting with the Yanga Lake. During the last days of this week on the Murrumbidgee the river was 契約ing, its banks were not so high; and Sturt began to worry that it was going to be a 事例／患者 of the Macquarie and 沼s all over again. On 12th and 13th January the channel became ますます 封鎖するd by trees which had been swept 負かす／撃墜する by floods, and whose 支店s frequently interlocked making passage by the boat very difficult. On the 14th January there was a 劇の change:

"On a sudden, the river took a general southern direction, but, in its tortuous course, swept 一連の会議、交渉／完成する to every point of the compass with the greatest 不正行為. We were carried at a fearful 率 負かす／撃墜する its 暗い／優うつな and 契約d banks. At 3 p.m. Hopkinson called out that we were approaching a junction, and in いっそう少なく than a minute afterwards we were hurried into a 幅の広い and noble river."

They had reached the Murray, and Sturt now held the second 重要な to the riddle of the rivers: the （犯罪の）一味 was の近くにing 急速な／放蕩な--the upper Darling, Macquarie, Lachlan, Murrumbidgee, and now the Murray--no longer mysteries, but very unromantic realities.

Sturt was happy; his deductions were 存在 証明するd, his 決定／判定勝ち（する） to 開始する，打ち上げる the boats was 正当化するd, and they were on a navigable stream, the "high road" either to the south coast or to some important 出口.

From 14th to 21st January they continued 負かす／撃墜する the Murray without 出来事/事件; Sturt 公式文書，認めるing that at every creek junction there was an 広範囲にわたる sandbank.

On the 19th January, after having been through a 批判的な 会合 with a large tribe of natives, which ended in friendly relations, one man "remarkable for personal strength and stature (see Ch 4: '...who 証明するd to be the remarkable savage I have 以前 noticed.') showed 特に friendly attentions."

About 21st January, in the Redcliffs 地域, the banks suddenly acquired a perpendicular and waterworn 外見.

On 22nd January, they had 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulties in the 早いs of the Merbein 激しく揺するs, but got through without 損失--the natives watching the 訴訟／進行s from the banks: then 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the Cowanna Bend which Sturt 公式文書，認めるd.

The party, therefore, passed the 場所／位置 of Mildura on 22nd January.

At this 行う／開催する／段階 the northward 傾向 of the river was puzzling Sturt.

On 23rd January, with a wide river and a fair 勝利，勝つd, they hoisted the sail for the first time, and were travelling quickly when, without 警告, they saw, ahead, a long sandspit 事業／計画（する）ing into the river （人が）群がるd with natives showing every 調印する of 敵意. Just as it seemed probable the party would slip past without trouble, the boat ran 座礁して on the sandbank. The natives （人が）群がるd up, becoming more excited, and sharp fight at very の近くに ４半期/4分の1s was 必然的な. At the 最高潮 of the 緊張 the "remarkable man" whom they had met on the 19th January appeared on the southern bank, jumped into the river, swam over to the sandbank, and 急ぐing to the 真っ先の native "掴むing him by the throat, he 押し進めるd him backwards and, 軍隊ing all who were in the water upon the bank, he trod its 利ざや with a vehemence and an agitation that were exceedingly striking."

徐々に the natives became 静かな. This 危機 over, the boat was 押し進めるd into deeper water, and, behind the sandspit was a new and beautiful stream, coming 明らかに from the north. Up this stream they 列／漕ぐ／騒動d for some miles, then, hoisting the Union Jack and giving three 元気づけるs, they sailed again 負かす／撃墜する to the junction. Sturt was 満足させるd that he was on the Darling "from whose banks I had been twice 軍隊d to retire."

Sturt now held the third 重要な to the riddle of the rivers, and the （犯罪の）一味 was 完全にする, except for the section of the Darling, south of Redbank, from the point where Sturt had left it in 1829. Until this section had been 現実に travelled (which was not until 1844) there could be no final certainty that this new stream was 現実に the Darling.

At this junction Sturt 指名するd the main stream the Murray River, in honour of Sir George Murray, the 国務長官 for the 植民地s: He ーするつもりであるd the 指名する to 適用する to the stream after its junction with the Murrumbidgee, 保存するing the 指名するs already given to the さまざまな streams which 連合させるd to form the main river. Had this 意向 been 観察するd the river would have been the "Hume" as far as the Murrumbidgee junction, and the "Murray" below that.

However, by ありふれた use, the stream is now known as the Murray throughout, although the 地図／計画する of New South むちの跡s published by the Lands Department of that 明言する／公表する in 1933, gives the 指名する of the river as "Murray or Hume River."

There is an ironical 面 about this 指名するing. Sturt 指名するd the river the "Murray" in （許可，名誉などを）与える with Darling's known wishes, but also because of Sturt's own 賞賛 for Murray as a 兵士. But it is 記録，記録的な／記録するd of Murray by his subordinates that, as 国務長官, they had never met with any public officer so 全く inefficient.[4-10]

[4-10 Mills: The 植民地化 of Australia, p.10.]

In his published account of this 探検隊／遠征隊 Sturt 明言する／公表するs that he placed the junction of these streams at longitude 140° 56' East; but as there is some 限定された 証拠 that he did not take any 観察s on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す at the time, it seems probable that this longitude was arrived at by 計算／見積り later.

The point has some 利益／興味 in 見解（をとる） of the fact that the eastern 境界 of the new 州 of South Australia was 直す／買収する，八百長をするd at 141° East.

For その上の discussion of this point, see 虫垂 D, 公式文書，認める 3.

Before leaving their （軍の）野営地，陣営 at the Darling junction they had burnt the skiff, and 削減（する） the still into 巡査 三日月s as 現在のs for the natives.

From 23rd January, when they left the mouth of the Darling at Wentworth, until 8th February, when they passed Murray 橋（渡しをする）, their 旅行 was comparatively uneventful.

On 24th January they passed without trouble the Cadell 激しく揺するs below Wentworth. On 26th they passed the 出口 stream connecting Lake Victoria with the Murray, and Sturt 指名するd it the Rufus River, after Macleay's red 長，率いる.

Next day, 27th, they saw, and 指名するd, the Lindesay River after the 陸軍大佐 命令（する）ing Sturt's own (39th) 連隊: and on 28th they had passed the 国境 between Victoria and South Australia--近づく Tareena. Sturt 述べるd the cliffs in this 地域: "singular in character, and 変化させるd in form: they had the most beautiful columnar regularity: they showed like 落ちるs of muddy water that had suddenly been petrified."

On 29th the sharp bend to the southward, in the neighbourhood of Renmark and Berri, gave Sturt 広大な／多数の／重要な satisfaction: but this was tempered by the beginning of 苦悩 about the men: their salt meat had been spoiled as already told, they would not eat the river fish which "without sauce or butter is insipid enough," and wildfowl or land game was not easily 得るd: the men had little else than flour to eat, and were showing 調印するs of 疲労，（軍の）雑役.

On 30th January they were between Loxton and Pyap and here Sturt 公式文書，認めるd the beginning of the 化石 形式 which was to become so 独特の a feature of the river in its lower reaches. At about nine miles from its 開始／学位授与式, where it was only about a foot high, this 化石 bank rose to a 高さ of more than 150 feet.

By the end of the day on 31st January they had reached 陸路の Corner, and, on 3rd February, had turned the North-west Bend at Morgan, having の直前に been told by an old native that the river would soon turn southward to the sea.

On 4th February they had seen some seagulls, and on this day also they were again joined by the old native who, at Morgan, had told them of the change in the direction of the river.

On 6th February they were told by some natives that they were not far from the sea.

Continuing their 旅行 刻々と they （軍の）野営地，陣営d in the neighbourhood of Murray 橋（渡しをする） on 8th February.

On the morning of 9th February they proceeded 負かす／撃墜する the river. At a turn of the stream a 独房監禁 激しく揺する of coarse red granite rose above the waters, and formed an island in its centre.

"After pulling a mile or two, we 設立する a （疑いを）晴らす horizon to the south, I, その結果, landed to 調査する the country. I still 保持するd a strong impression in my mind that some change was at 手渡す, and, on this occasion, I was not disappointed; but the 見解（をとる） was one for which I was not altogether 用意が出来ている. We had, at length, arrived at the termination of the Murray. すぐに below me was a beautiful lake, which appeared to be a fitting 貯蔵所 for the noble stream which led us to it. Even while gazing on this 罰金 scene I could not but 悔いる that the Murray had thus 終結させるd; for I すぐに foresaw that, in all probability, we should be disappointed in finding any practicable communication between the lake and the ocean, as it was evident that the former was not much 影響（力）d by tides."

They （軍の）野営地，陣営d on the night of 9th February on the eastern 味方する of the 出口 of the Murray into the lake; and, on the 10th, sailed with a fair 勝利，勝つd to the north shore of Hindmarsh Island, where they （軍の）野営地，陣営d--the sound of the surf coming gratefully to their ears, for it told them they were 近づく the goal they had so long been 捜し出すing, and they 約束d themselves: "a 見解（をとる） of the boundless ocean on the morrow."

This seems to throw some 疑問 on the literal 正確 of the inscription on the monument on Hindmarsh Island:

"Hereabouts, in February, 1830, Sturt first saw the waters of 遭遇（する） Bay."

It was next day, 11th February, that, having reached a 位置／汚点／見つけ出す 近づく the Goolwa 一斉射撃，（質問などの）連発／ダム after a 疲労，（軍の）雑役ing day of 運ぶ／漁獲高ing the boat over mud shoals, they finally ended their long boat 旅行, and walked across the sandhills to the sea. There remained for Sturt only one more 仕事--to 決定する the ultimate 運命／宿命 of the 広大な／多数の／重要な 団体／死体 of water that （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する the Murray: how did it reach the sea?

The photograph showing the islands in the lake shows 明確に the problem 直面するing Sturt. Next morning this was settled. On 12th February Sturt, Macleay, and Fraser walked along the long western promontory to the 出口 from the lake to the sea.

Here was the last 重要な, and the riddle of the rivers was a riddle no longer. The nature of the country in New South むちの跡s from the coast to the Darling either was known, or could be assumed with reasonable certainty: and the 運命／宿命 of all the inland rivers was 設立するd, with a possible 保留（地）／予約 about the unknown section of the Darling.

THE RETURN JOURNEY
12th February to 25th May

Now Sturt had to 直面する the long 旅行 支援する. His men were very weak, his food 供給（する）s were low, he could not count on a 救済 ship, and there was nothing to be 伸び（る）d by 上陸 and going 陸路の to St. Vincent's 湾; the men were too weak and the chance of 存在 seen by a 大型船 were too remote.* There was no 代案／選択肢 to the long pull 支援する: the natives around the lake were very 敵意を持った, and they must go without 延期する. They had taken 36 days on the 石油精製 旅行, they must 推定する／予想する a longer 旅行 pulling upstream: they had 推論する／理由 for thinking that the natives might be more 敵意を持った than they had been on the 石油精製 旅行; indeed they 設立する this 推定する／予想するd 敵意.

(* See 虫垂 D, 公式文書，認める 4.)

The homeward 旅行 began as soon as Sturt had returned on the morning of 12th February. Before leaving, Sturt buried a 瓶／封じ込める 含む／封じ込めるing a 記録，記録的な／記録する of their visit: this 瓶／封じ込める has never been 設立する: also before leaving, Sturt 指名するd the lake "Lake Alexandrina" after the young heiress to the 王位. After she became Queen Victoria, Sturt would have had the 指名する changed to Lake Victoria, but this was never 可決する・採択するd*; in Sturt's Narrative of an 探検隊／遠征隊 into Central Australia, however, he speaks of this lake as Lake Victoria although in other places he uses this 指名する 適切に for the Lake Victoria which is an 洪水 from the Murray west of the Darling in New South むちの跡s.

* [4-11] On 15th March, 1843, Sturt wrote to Lord Stanley 提案するing that the 指名する be changed to "Lake Victoria." On 15th August, 1843, Stanley advised Grey that Sturt was 解放する／自由な to change the 指名する if he wished.

[4-11 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London; 1415 South Australia.]

At starting on the 12th February they were fortunate in having a favourable 勝利，勝つd, which lasted until 17th February, carrying them without any pulling, across the lake and up the river as far as Swan Reach, travelling up-stream in five days the distance which had taken seven days coming 負かす／撃墜する.

From there, however, it was 安定した pulling without any 救済. Sturt and Macleay both took turns at the oars, and the men became progressively 女性. For fifty-three days this 旅行 continued.

When the 勝利，勝つd failed, and the endless pulling had to be 直面するd, they cleaned the boat and then started. From 夜明け till seven or even nine, o'clock in the evening with an hour for their flour and water lunch, was the daily programme. Occasionally a wild duck or a few fish relieved their monotonous diet. The small 量 of sugar had ended on the 17th February, and by 8th March the small residue of salted 準備／条項s had also gone.

They reached Morgan on 21st February and, the course now 存在 eastward, the men felt that, at least, they were 長，率いるd homeward.

On 4th March they passed the mouth of the Darling, their 逮捕 of 新たにするd trouble with the natives here 存在 unfounded, as the locality was 全く 砂漠d. On 16th March they returned to the Murrumbidgee: "to our 広大な／多数の／重要な joy we turned our boat into the 暗い／優うつな and 狭くする channel."

They were troubled in the Murrumbidgee, having difficulty with the short bends cluttered up with fallen 木材／素質. They tried 政治家s instead of oars, without success. But here they 発射 a swan which gave them all a good meal. On 23rd March they reached the 倉庫・駅 from which they had 開始する，打ち上げるd their boats: there was nothing, it was 完全に 砂漠d. The men, who had been 推定する／予想するing 救済 供給（する）s were 厳粛に depressed--and the hope of 救済 which had kept them going to this point 消えるd. Now began the last gruelling section of their long 旅行.

The intricate 航海 of the Murrumbidgee had been infinitely more 苦しめるing than the hard pulling up the open reaches of the Murray, for they were 強いるd to 運ぶ／漁獲高 the boat up between numberless trunks of trees, an 操作／手術 that exhausted the men much more than 列／漕ぐ／騒動ing: the river had fallen below its former level and 激しく揺するs and スピードを出す／記録につけるs were now exposed above the water.

To make things even worse as they toiled upstream from the 倉庫・駅 the flood water （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する, the river rising six feet in one night. For seventeen days from the 倉庫・駅 they 耐えるd this ordeal, the men passing even beyond the 限界s of endurance, but never complaining; until, on 11th April they reached their old （軍の）野営地，陣営 opposite Hamilton's Plains (Narrandera) and here they stopped.

Their 準備／条項s were nearly finished, and would have been altogether so if they had not been so fortunate as to kill several swans.

Sturt decided to abandon the boat and finish the 旅行 on land: but as the 準備／条項s were so short, and the men so weak, he sent Hopkinson and Mulholland 今後 on foot to Wantabadgery, believing that Robert Harris would be there with 救済 供給（する）s.

In the 合間 the 残り／休憩（する） of the party remained in （軍の）野営地，陣営. The two men left on 12th April and returned on the 18th April. In （軍の）野営地，陣営 the last ounce of flour had been served out and all 準備s made for a desperate 今後 move by the main party. The two men, however, had returned with 供給（する）s and Sturt's worries were ended. These two men had gone eastward 90 miles on foot, in three days; and had returned over' the same distance with bullock drays in four days. This, considering the 極端に exhausted 条件 of the men before they started, was a remarkable example of endurance.

"They were both of them in a 明言する／公表する which beggars description. Their 膝s and ankles were dreadfully swollen and their 四肢s so painful, that as soon as they arrived in （軍の）野営地，陣営 they sank under their 成果／努力s, but they met us with smiling countenances, and 表明するd their satisfaction at having arrived so seasonably to our 救済."

Sturt was thus able to save all his 器具／備品 and 記録，記録的な／記録するs, most of which he had arranged to bury before they started out on foot: the whole party left （軍の）野営地，陣営 on 20th April, reaching Wantabadgery on 28th. Sturt had sent Macleay 今後 on 20th April, from their Narrandera （軍の）野営地，陣営 with despatches for the 知事. The main party left Wantabadgery on 5th May, passing through Yass on 12th, and, travelling easily, reached Sydney on 25th May.

D--RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION

The story which has been told in this 一時期／支部 is that of a 旅行 remarkable in itself, and 著名な for its place in the 開発 of Australia.

Sturt had now 明らかにする／漏らすd himself as a 広大な／多数の／重要な leader: two difficult 探検隊／遠征隊s had been 完全にするd with 目だつ success and without 事故. That four of the men who had been five months with him under the difficult 条件s of his first 探検隊／遠征隊 should willingly join him on the second is 証拠 which needs no comment. Hume could not, because of other かかわり合いs, join in this 探検隊／遠征隊, but there is 証拠 enough that, for both Hume and Macleay, the friendship which Sturt formed during these 探検隊／遠征隊s was never afterwards 少なくなるd or broken.

Eight men 限定するd in a boat only 25ft long all day, every day, for 95 days 要求する something more than normal human relations: leadership of unusual 質 is 必須の. This leadership Sturt, 大いに helped by Macleay, gave them. The last seventeen days of the boat 旅行, 150 miles by land but far more by water, was a nightmare for men 餓死するd of food as to 量, and 弱めるd by the scurvy-inducing 質 of what food they had. All were desperate, Macnamee, at the end, 一時的に insane.

"Their 武器 appeared to be nerveless; their 直面するs became haggard, their persons emaciated, their spirits wholly sunk; nature was so 完全に 打ち勝つ, that from mere exhaustion they frequently fell asleep during their painful and almost ceaseless exertions."

Yet Sturt could 保証する the 知事 公式に that during the whole of the 旅行 the men were cheerful, 熱心な, and obedient:

The 質 of the leadership which gave such results cannot be 疑問d.

Sturt had now shown that meticulous care for 詳細（に述べる） which 示すd all his work. Day after day 負かす／撃墜する the rivers he charted every bend with the compass 耐えるing and approximate length of every reach: the 連続する sheets of this chart still 存在する, and their 正確 is 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の. He had already shown on the first 探検隊／遠征隊 an unusual capacity for forming reliable deductions based on the nature of the country over which he travelled. This 質 was again evident: He had 公式文書，認めるd that, while the Murray itself was navigable, its sea-mouth was not, the onshore 勝利，勝つd in 遭遇（する） Bay and the surf on the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 making any seaport impossible: he had 公式文書，認めるd the long arm of Lake Alexandrina 主要な into 通貨 Creek and regretted that he was not able to 調査する the 可能性 of this 存在 a 関係 with St. Vincent's 湾.

He had 公式文書，認めるd with quick and appreciative 注目する，もくろむ the 可能性s of the Murray Valley 近づく its mouth:

"It 含む／封じ込めるs land that is of the very richest 肉親，親類d--国／地域 that is the pure accumulation of vegetable 事柄, and is 黒人／ボイコット as ebony. If its hundreds of thousands of acres were 事実上 利用できる, I should not hesitate to pronounce it one of the richest 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs of equal extent on earth, and 高度に favoured in other 尊敬（する）・点s. It is, however, 確かな that any part of the valley would 要求する much 労働 before it could be brought under cultivation."

He had 公式文書，認めるd and 記録，記録的な／記録するd the change from the 黒人／ボイコット 国／地域 plains, to the high red cliffs, and then to the 化石 beds 現れるing from the water level and rising to cliffs 150 feet high of solid 化石 accumulation. He 結論するd that a 現在の of water must have swept this 広大な accumulation of 爆撃するs from the extreme north of the continent, that they must have been at first under water and been raised by some 激変 and:

"I am brought to 結論する that in former times the sea washed the western base of the dividing 範囲...and when the 集まり of land, now lying waste and unproductive, became exposed, the rivers, which until then had 追求するd a 正規の／正選手 course to the ocean, having no channel beyond their 初めの termination, 洪水d the almost level country into which they now 落ちる; or, filling some 広範囲にわたる concavity, have 与える／捧げるd, by 連続する depositions, to the 形式 of those 沼s of which so much has been said."

These 結論s were not the result of any casual 観察 or superficial 推論する／理由ing: they were not far from the truth. In summing up the results of the 探検隊／遠征隊 Sturt 明言する／公表するd, overmodestly, that the 探検隊／遠征隊 had returned to Sydney without any splendid 発見 to gild its 訴訟／進行s; and that the 労働s and dangers it had 遭遇（する）d were considered as nothing more than ordinary occurrences. He felt disappointed that his 研究s had not benefitted the 植民地, as he had 設立する only a barren tract of country to the 西方の: he felt, however, that from a geographical point of 見解（をとる） nothing could have been more 満足な than the results of the 探検隊／遠征隊, excepting a knowledge of the country to the northward between the Murray and the Darling.

Macleay reached Sydney at some date before 6th May. 知事 Darling 原因（となる）d a notice in the form of a 政府 Order* 時代遅れの 10th May, 1830, to be published in the Sydney Gazette. This notice, after 明言する／公表するing concisely the results of the 探検隊／遠征隊, 追加するs:

"Thus has Captain Sturt 追加するd 大部分は, and in a 高度に important degree, to the knowledge 以前 所有するd of the 内部の."

(* This Order 含む／封じ込めるs a curious mistake: it 明言する／公表するs that Sturt took twenty-one days from leaving Sydney to 開始する，打ち上げるing his boats; 現実に he took fifty-eight days. It is also to be 公式文書，認めるd that in this Order, the modern （一定の）期間ing of Murrumbidgee is used, 反して Sturt, in his story, published three years later, speaks of it always as the "Morumbidgee.")

"The 適切な時期 of 記録，記録的な／記録するing a second time the services （判決などを）下すd to the 植民地 by Captain Sturt, is as gratifying to the 政府 which directed the 請け負うing, as it is creditable to the individual who so 首尾よく 行為／行うd it to its termination.

"It is an 付加 原因（となる） of satisfaction to find that everyone, によれば his sphere of 活動／戦闘, has a （人命などを）奪う，主張する to a proportionate degree of 賞賛. All were exposed alike to the same privations, and 疲労，（軍の）雑役, and everyone submitted with patience, manifesting the most anxious 願望（する） for the success of the 探検隊／遠征隊."

This order appeared fifteen days before Sturt himself arrived in Sydney.

The date of this public 尊敬の印 地元で was 10th May, 1830: but it was not until 17th February, 1831, that Darling sent 公式の／役人 advice to London. Even then it was 簡潔な／要約する and 明言する／公表するd that, as Sturt had been sent, すぐに after his return, to Norfolk Island, Darling had not been able to 送信する／伝染させる a 完全にする 報告（する）／憶測 of the 探検隊／遠征隊. The despatch ends on this curious 公式文書，認める:

[4-12] "If 利益／興味d in this 事柄, you will find a sketch of his 操作／手術s in a 政府 Order in the enclosed Gazette, and I shall be glad to find that the result is 満足な to you."

[4-12 H.R.A. XVI. 89.]

[4-13] Darling followed this with a longer despatch, 時代遅れの 14th April, 1831, 今後ing Sturt's own 報告（する）／憶測 on the 探検隊／遠征隊. In this despatch he explained that the 伝達／伝染 of the 報告（する）／憶測 had been 延期するd as Sturt, thinking that the 初めの 報告（する）／憶測 had not been 用意が出来ている with the 正確 which was necessary for submission to His Majesty's 政府, had wished to 改訂する and 訂正する it. He had, however, been too exhausted before 存在 sent to Norfolk Island to 請け負う this 改正.

[4-13 H.R.A. XVI. 242.]

Darling 温かく commended Sturt's 質s and leadership and 結論するd his despatch:

"I beg respectfully to 表明する my hope that His Majesty's 政府 will consider that his zeal and the important services he has （判決などを）下すd give him a just （人命などを）奪う，主張する to 昇進／宣伝. It has been 同様に 長所d in the 現在の instance as it could have been on any occasion, and such a 示す of favour would not only be gratefully 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるd by the individual in question, but would 行為／法令／行動する as a 刺激 to rouse others to exertion."

Before this 公式の／役人 承認, however, had come 非公式の public 承認 as soon as George Macleay had arrived in Sydney.

On 6th May the Sydney Gazette after 記録，記録的な／記録するing the results of the 探検隊／遠征隊, 追加するd this 尊敬の印:

"Captain Sturt has inscribed his 指名する in indelible characters upon the 記録，記録的な／記録するs of our history, and will 占領する a respectable 階級 の中で those heroic men to whom the world is indebted for geographical knowledge."

Beyond the actual geographical results of Sturt's two 探検隊／遠征隊s, there had been other, intangible, consequences.

When Sturt arrived in Sydney he （機の）カム to a community of 囚人s, not 囚人s at 法律, but 囚人s of circumstance, geographical and social 囚人s in a 限られた／立憲的な 領土 within which a small oligarchy had assumed the 権利s of "著名な domain," and had pre-empted all the 価値のある land.

The harpings of Oxley and Cunningham on "impenetrable 沼s" and "inland seas" had discouraged individual 企業 and 拡大.

Within three years of his arrival, and within twelve months of concentrated activity, Sturt had 代用品，人d reality for mystery, had brought precious water, rivers, navigable 水路s, and land--land unowned, land for the taking, land! It was not "land," it was an empire, beyond even the appetite of the oligarchs.

In 取って代わるing a 狭くする 沿岸の コンビナート／複合体 by a 大陸の consciousness Sturt had 粉々にするd the horizon--all horizons--and the 仕事 in which Bligh, Macquarie, Darling had each, in turn, been only 部分的に／不公平に successful, had been by him almost 完全にするd. He had brought freedom, freedom de facto if not yet de jure or de 脚, freedom of 活動／戦闘, freedom of movement, freedom of 適切な時期, and the prospect of freedom from oligarchs.

It is noteworthy that a traveller, visiting these parts just two years after Sturt's 旅行, 記録，記録的な／記録するd that nine 駅／配置するs had been taken up covering forty-eight miles 石油精製 from Warby's at Gundagai. (See 虫垂 D, 公式文書，認める 5.)

But his very success excited 敵意, 特に from Surveyor-General Mitchell; the 影響s of this 敵意 will appear later.

Sturt had, at this time, and always, a 会社／堅い, and 完全に sincere 約束 in God:

"Something more powerful than human foresight or prudence appeared to 回避する the calamities and dangers with which I and my companions were so frequently 脅すd; and had it not been for the 指導／手引 and 保護 we received from the Providence of that good and all-wise 存在 to whose care we committed ourselves, we should, ere this, have 中止するd to 階級 の中で the number of His earthly creatures."

Prudence and Providence--God and my own 権利 arm.

E--EXPERIENCES WITH ABORIGINES

The story of Sturt's second 探検隊／遠征隊 would not be 完全にする without some account of his 遭遇（する）s with the aborigines. It is impossible, within the 限界s of this work to give the story in 十分な 詳細（に述べる）: for this, Sturt's own 初めの account must be 協議するd. As he was the first European to see, and 記録，記録的な／記録する （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） about the aborigines over a very large 部分 of Australia his experiences and impressions have a special value.

From Yass to 近づく Narrandera they met very few natives, "not more than fifty in an extent of more than 180 miles." These natives were very friendly, each group guiding them to the 限界s of their own 地区 and then passing them on in a friendly way to the next group. From Narrandera to the 倉庫・駅 近づく Maude the natives became more 非常に／多数の, and rather いっそう少なく friendly, 存在 inclined to steal if not watched carefully.

After the boat 旅行 had begun, 接触する with the natives was やむを得ず more intermittent and 適切な時期s for friendly relations 限られた／立憲的な to the evenings in （軍の）野営地，陣営. From 近づく Euston onwards the natives became much more 非常に／多数の. The first large group was 敵意を持った, then, 存在 扱う／治療するd 根気よく, 徐々に became very friendly, wishing the party to remain with them. 近づく Kulkyne occurred the beginning of a 劇の 一連の 遭遇（する）s. In the late afternoon of 19th January a large 団体／死体 of natives appeared on the 権利 bank of the river: soon after, another large party appeared on the left bank, and the boat was between two definitely 敵意を持った parties. Presently those on the left bank all swam over to the 権利 bank and the whole group showed （疑いを）晴らす 調印するs of 敵意, "（警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域ing their spears and 保護物，者s together by way of 脅迫."

Sturt landed at the usual time on the left bank, and while the men were 準備するing （軍の）野営地，陣営, he 始める，決める about making friendly 接触する with the natives:

"I held a long pantomimical 対話 with them, across the water, and held out the olive 支店 in 記念品 of 友好.

"They at length laid aside their spears, and a long 協議 took place の中で them, which ended in two or three wading into the river, contrary, as it appeared, to the earnest remonstrances of the 大多数, who, finding their entreaties had no 影響, wept aloud and followed them with a 決意, I am sure, of 株ing their 運命／宿命, whatever it might have been."

徐々に they became やめる friendly and went to the （軍の）野営地，陣営 showing 広大な／多数の／重要な curiosity. Macleay joined in with their amusement, and he seemed to have made particular impression on them--Sturt assumed that the natives regarded him as the re-incarnation of some 以前 known aboriginal. They gave him the 指名する of Rundi, 圧力（をかける）ing him to show them his 味方する, as if the 初めの Rundi had met with a violent death from a spear 負傷させる in that place. In the morning the whole tribe, 上向きs of 150, 組み立てる／集結するd to watch the 出発 of the boats. Four of them …を伴ってd the party along the bank, の中で whom was one remarkable for personal strength and stature. Sturt 公式文書，認めるd that several of this tribe were 無能にするd by leprosy, or some 類似の disorder, and that the most loathsome 病気s 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd の中で them.

The next evening the four natives already について言及するd joined them in （軍の）野営地，陣営 on a very friendly 地盤. Now they were to experience the 衝突／不一致 with the natives which had been made familiar by たびたび（訪れる） repetition. It is 価値（がある） repeating again, and Sturt's account is given here verbatim; the date was 23rd January:

"After breakfast, we proceeded onwards as usual. We had proceeded about nine miles, when we were surprised by the 外見 in 見解（をとる）, at the termination of a reach, of a long line of magnificent trees.

"As we sailed 負かす／撃墜する the reach, we 観察するd a 広大な concourse of natives under them, and, on a nearer approach, we not only heard their war-song, if it might so be called, but 発言／述べるd that they were painted and 武装した, as they 一般に are, 事前の to their engaging in deadly 衝突.

"Notwithstanding these outward 調印するs of 敵意, fancying that our four friends were with them, I continued to steer 直接／まっすぐに in for the bank on which they were collected.

"I 設立する, however, when it was almost too late to turn into the 後継するing reach on our left, that an 試みる／企てる to land would only be …に出席するd with loss of life. The natives seemed 決定するd to resist it. We approached so 近づく that they held their spears quivering in their しっかり掴む ready to hurl. They were painted in さまざまな ways. Some who had 示すd their ribs, and thighs, and 直面するs with a white pigment, looked like 骸骨／概要s, others were daubed over with red and yellow ochre, and their 団体／死体s shone with the grease with which they besmeared themselves. A dead silence 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd の中で the 前線 階級s, but those in the background, 同様に as the women, who carried 供給（する）s of darts, and who appeared to have had a bucket of whitewash 転覆するd over their 長，率いるs, were 極端に clamorous.

"As I did not wish a 衝突 with these people, I lowered my sail, and putting the 舵輪／支配 to starboard, we passed 静かに 負かす／撃墜する the stream in 中央の-channel.

"Disappointed in their 予期s, the natives ran along the' bank of the river, endeavouring to 安全な・保証する an 目的（とする） at us; but, unable to throw with certainty, in consequence of the onward 動議 of the boat, they flung themselves into the most extravagant 態度s, and worked themselves into a 明言する／公表する of frenzy by loud and vehement shouting.

"It was with かなりの 逮捕 that I 観察するd the river to be shoaling 急速な／放蕩な, more 特に as a 抱擁する sand-bank, a little below us, and on the same 味方する on which the natives had gathered, 事業／計画（する）d nearly a third-way across the channel. To this sand-bank they ran with tumultuous uproar, and covered it over in a dense 集まり. Some of the 長，指導者s 前進するd to the water to be nearer their 犠牲者s, and turned from time to time to direct their 信奉者s. With every pacific disposition, and an extreme 不本意 to take away life, I foresaw that it would be impossible any longer to 避ける an 約束／交戦, yet with such fearful numbers against us, I was doubtful of the result. The spectacle we had 証言，証人／目撃するd had been one of the most appalling 肉親，親類d, and 十分な to shake the firmness of most men; but at that trying moment my little 禁止（する）d 保存するd their temper and coolness, and if anything could be gleaned from their countenances, it was that they had 決定するd on an obstinate 抵抗.

"I now explained to them that their only chance of escape depended, or would depend, on their firmness. I 願望（する）d that, after the first ボレー had been 解雇する／砲火／射撃d, Macleay and three of the men would …に出席する to the defence of the boat with 銃剣 only, while I, Hopkinson and Harris would keep up the 解雇する／砲火／射撃 as 存在 more used, to it. I ordered, however, that no 発射 was to be 解雇する／砲火／射撃d until after I had 発射する／解雇するd both my バーレル／樽s.

"I then 配達するd their 武器 to the men, which had as yet been kept in the place appropriated for them, and at the same time some 一連の会議、交渉／完成するs of loose cartridge.

"The men 保証するd me they would follow my 指示／教授／教育s, and thus 用意が出来ている, having already lowered the sail, we drifted onwards with the 現在の. As we 近づくd the sand-bank, I stood up and made 調印するs to' the natives to desist; but without success.

"I took up my gun, therefore, and cocking it, had already brought it 負かす／撃墜する to a level. A few seconds more would have の近くにd the life of the nearest of the savages. The distance was too trifling for me to 疑問 the 致命的な 影響s of the 発射する／解雇する; for I was 決定するd to take deadly 目的（とする）, in the hope that the 落ちる of one man might save the lives of many. But at the very moment, when my 手渡す was on the 誘発する／引き起こす, and my 注目する，もくろむ was along the バーレル／樽, my 目的 was checked by Macleay, who called to me that another party of 黒人／ボイコットs had made their 外見 on the left bank of the river. Turning 一連の会議、交渉／完成する I 観察するd four men at the 最高の，を越す of their 速度(を上げる）. The 真っ先の of them, as soon as he got ahead of the boat, threw himself from a かなりの 高さ into the water. He struggled across the channel to the sand-bank, and in an incredibly short space of time stood in 前線 of the savage against whom my 目的（とする） had been directed. 掴むing him backwards, and 軍隊ing all who were in the water upon the bank, he trod its 利ざや with a vehemence and an agitation that were exceedingly striking.

"At one moment pointing to the boat, at another shaking his clenched 手渡す in the 直面するs of the most 今後, and stamping with a passion on the sand; his 発言する／表明する, that was at first distant and （疑いを）晴らす, was lost in hoarse murmurs. Two of the four natives remained on the left bank of the river, but the third followed his leader (who 証明するd to be the remarkable savage I have 以前 noticed) to the scene of 活動／戦闘.

"The reader will imagine our feelings on this occasion, it is impossible to 述べる them. We were so wholly lost in 利益／興味 at the scene that the boat was 許すd to drift at 楽しみ. For my own part I was 圧倒するd with astonishment, and in truth stunned and 混乱させるd; so singular, so 予期しない, and so strikingly providential, had been our escape.

"We were again roused to 活動／戦闘 by the boat suddenly striking upon a shoal which reached from one 味方する of the river to the other. To jump out and 押し進める her into deeper water was but the work of a moment with the men, and it was just as she floated again that our attention was drawn to a new and beautiful stream, coming 明らかに from the north."

The boat thus floating on a 幅の広い stream, the 集まり of natives was left behind on the sand-bank to 口論する人 amongst themselves. Sturt landed on the opposite bank a little lower 負かす／撃墜する. The larger, and 敵意を持った party, seeing this: "curiosity took place of 怒り／怒る: all 口論する人ing 中止するd, and they （機の）カム swimming over to us like a 小包 of 調印（する）s."

The party got 支援する into the boat after Sturt had made a 現在の to the peace-making intervener, and pulled up the Darling. And that was the end of that trouble.

From this point onwards they 設立する so many natives that their 接触する was continuous and they were, so to speak, passed on 公式に from one tribe to the next--but the movements of the party were so 早い that little time was spent with each group. The natives were 静かな and 整然とした, and no article was stolen. "Loathsome 病気s" were ありふれた, and "syphilis 激怒（する）d の中で them with fearful 暴力／激しさ"--the 条件 of the women 効果的に checking any impulse に向かって 不規律な 行為／行う amongst the men.

The filth of the natives and their repulsive 条件--同様に as their growing familiarity--all 連合させるd to （判決などを）下す 接触する with them ますます disagreeable: yet it was 必須の to keep on a friendly basis.

近づく Berri they met one of the most 非常に／多数の of the groups they met on the Murray, and some of these they met again at 陸路の Corner, the natives having crossed the base of the long 宙返り飛行. Here the natives tried to 拘留する the boat and had to be 押し進めるd off 強制的に. One old man from this tribe took a 広大な／多数の／重要な fancy to Hopkinson and told them they were 近づくing the sea, and it was obvious that he had been to the coast at some time: although the river was still keeping a north-westerly course, the old man made it （疑いを）晴らす that it would soon turn southwards.

With this old man was another native who "was small in stature, had piercing grey 注目する，もくろむs, and was as quick as 雷 in his movements."

近づく Swan Reach, three days later, the old man again joined them in the boat, and it then appeared he was returning home from a long 旅行 to the north. On that day, 4th February, they met the tribe of this old man and he left them. From this point 負かす／撃墜する to Wellington they met several large tribes, all very friendly, and much healthier and cleaner than the up-river natives.

As soon as they reached Lake Alexandrina and during the whole of their stay on the lake the natives were ますます 敵意を持った, so that Sturt 避けるd 接触する with them. They were 明白に familiar with guns as they 退却／保養地d as soon as Sturt 扱うd one. Sturt せいにするd this 敵意 to the behaviour of sealers on Kangaroo Island (see p. 81).

On the return 旅行 there were より小数の 出来事/事件s. There was the 可能性 of serious trouble at 陸路の Corner, the natives 存在 very troublesome, and controlled only by 会社／堅い 治療. It was here that "eight of the women, whom we had not before noticed, （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する to the water 味方する, and gave us the most 圧力（をかける）ing 招待 to land. Indeed they played their part uncommonly 井戸／弁護士席, and tried for some time to allure us by the most 明白な manifestations of love.

"Hopkinson, however, who always had his eves about him, 観察するd the spears of the men above the reeds. They kept abreast of us as we pulled up the stream, and, no 疑問, were 心配するing our 無（不）能 to resist the 誘惑s they had thrown in our way.

"I was really 刺激するd at their 明らかにする-直面するd treachery, and should most undoubtedly have attacked them, had they not precipitately 退却／保養地d on 存在 警告するd by the women that I was arming my men, which I had only done upon seeing such strong manifestations of danger."

From the Rufus River to the Merbein 激しく揺するs they had no trouble, although they still saw natives: in the 早いs 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the Merbein 激しく揺するs the natives 現実に helped them with the boat--one of them 存在 the same "remarkable man" who had 介入するd on the 批判的な occasion at the Darling mouth.

近づく Euston they again had trouble; 不確定 as to the behaviour of the natives gave Sturt some 苦悩 as to the safety of Robert Harris with his 救済 供給（する）s--the safety of these 供給（する）s becoming now a 事柄 of first importance.

On 21st March, on the Murrumbidgee, just north of Balranald, they had their last 衝突. This was a serious attack on two 連続する nights, and was the only occasion on which Sturt 現実に 解雇する／砲火／射撃d at the natives: but it was without 審議する／熟考する 目的（とする）, and no native was 負傷させるd.

They had no その上の trouble with the natives, and Sturt could, as he did, 令状:

"It has been my pride that my path まっただ中に savage tribes has hitherto been a 無血の one."

CHAPTER V - Norfolk Island and England

After his return from this second 探検隊／遠征隊 Sturt had 再開するd 義務 with his 連隊. On 24th July, 1830, he 調印するd a General Order as "Major," but this did not 示す any 永久の 昇進／宣伝.

In the first 紅潮／摘発する of his success he did not at once realize, but was soon to learn, that his ordered life of army 決まりきった仕事 and discipline was nearly over; and that he was, for the 残り／休憩（する） of his life, to be caught in a mesh of officialdom and intrigue, for which he was, by training and temperament, やめる unsuited.

The story of the next four years is 伴う／関わるd, and can best be told in a time sequence, having regard to the 延期する of five months each way in 輸送 of letters between Sydney and London, so that, to a letter sent from Sydney in January, a reply could not be 推定する／予想するd before the end of October.

すぐに after his return to Sydney in May, 1830, Sturt had written to his family in England telling them of his 旅行 and its geographical results. Sturt's father brought this （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） to the notice of Sir George Murray, 国務長官 for the 植民地s, and the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） must have been 利用できる beyond 公式の／役人 circles as, in a memorandum (December, 1830) by Wakefield and Gouger 関心ing new ideas of 植民地の 拡大, there is 言及／関連 to the 可能性 of a 解決／入植地 近づく "a magnificent river just discovered by Captain Sturt," which had been traced for a thousand miles, and which would 発射する／解雇する the whole produce of eastern Australia to St. Vincent's 湾.

But, 一方／合間, Sturt had been sent to Norfolk Island 早期に in August on 軍の 義務, and the year 1830 の近くにd with Sturt still there, anxiously を待つing news of the 昇進／宣伝 which he believed Darling was recommending. He could not know that neither his 報告（する）／憶測 nor that 推薦 had left Sydney.

[5-1] There are few 公式の／役人 詳細（に述べる）s about his period of service on Norfolk Island. Giving 証拠 before the New South むちの跡s (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 on 27th February, 1832, Sturt said that he 命令（する）d the 軍隊／機動隊s at Norfolk Island from 6th August, 1830, to 7th July, 1831; there is no 言及／関連 to the presence of a 上級の officer.

[5-1 Mit. Lib. Minutes Exec. Co. Vol. 3. Appx. 4, p.225.]

[5-2] On the other 手渡す, in a 記念の to Lord Stanley in 1858, he referred to this period of service and 明言する／公表するd that he was sent confidentially by 知事 Darling to 回復する Norfolk Island to tranquillity, its 明言する／公表する at that time 存在 the 原因（となる） of serious 逮捕 and alarm. He 追加するd that the 使節団 was both difficult and delicate in the presence of a 上級の officer.

[5-2 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London 5158. New South むちの跡s.]

He remained on Norfolk Island until January, 1832, so that it might be assumed that he was "in 命令（する）" from August, 1830, to July, 1831, and thereafter under the direction of a 上級の officer. A little その上の （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） comes from 公式の／役人 despatches. On 26th August, 1831, 知事 Darling wrote to the 国務長官 知らせるing him that 陸軍大佐 Morisset had requested that he be placed in some civil 状況／情勢 in the 植民地, his 期待s of the position at Norfolk Island having been 全く disappointed. Darling 追加するd that it was his 義務 to 明言する／公表する that 陸軍大佐 Morisset was [5-3] a very 熱心な officer whose 義務s for some time past had been of a most arduous nature: he 述べるd the 条件s at Norfolk Island:

"The 行為／行う of the 囚人s is outrageous in the extreme, they having, 繰り返して, avowed their 決意, which they have endeavoured to carry into 影響, to 殺人 every one 雇うd at the 解決／入植地, and it is only by the 最大の vigilance that they have been 妨げるd 遂行するing their 反対する. The 囚人s at Norfolk Island are men of the most desperate character."

[5-3 H.R.A. XVI. 338.]

It would seem that 陸軍大佐 Morisset had been there throughout Sturt's period of service. It is impossible with the 証拠 at 現在の 利用できる to 決定する this point. Sturt's period of service on the island must have been eighteen months of rigorous discipline and constant vigilance. He 利益／興味d himself, as he did wherever he was, in the natural history of the island, and on one occasion was 目だつ in the 救助（する） of some members of the [5-4] 乗組員 of the "Queen Charlotte," who were trying to land the sick captain of that ship, in one of the ship's boats, when it 転覆するd.

[5-4 Sydney Gazette, 9th August, 1831.]

At Norfolk Island he 伸び（る）d experience in 扱うing boats in 激しい surf, experience to which he gratefully referred in 解任するing his difficulties, when, in 1838, he 診察するd the Murray mouth at 遭遇（する） Bay.

It was at Norfolk Island that Davenport became associated with Sturt as personal servant. This 関係 between master and servant, ありふれた enough in those 軍の days, has now やめる disappeared. There must have been more than the ordinary formal basis of service between them, as this one-time servant became a friend of the family, and continued so, loyally, till his death.

While Sturt was busy at Norfolk Island other 開発s were moving slowly.

[5-5] On 17th February, 1831, Darling had sent off the first, very 簡潔な／要約する 報告（する）／憶測 of Sturt's return and the results of the 探検隊／遠征隊.

[5-5 H.R.A. XVI. 89.]

[5-6] On 28th March, 1831, Darling sent to Murray a very long despatch in which he referred to the Surveyor-General Mitchell in 厳しく 批判的な 条件; he spoke of Mitchell's "極端に indecorous insinuations and arrogant pretensions," of "his ill and ungovernable temper which （判決などを）下す him an impracticable servant of the 政府," and he would have 一時停止するd him, but for the serious inconvenience this would have 原因（となる）d. Darling 正確に assumed that Mitchell had been, improperly, 令状ing direct to his associates in London. These communications are not 利用できる, but their nature, and the general position, can be assumed from the に引き続いて 抽出するs from Darling's despatch:

[5-6 H.R.A. XVI. 119.]

"I am aware that Major Mitchell was very much displeased at not 存在 雇うd in 調査するing the 内部の.

"I would beg leave to ask how Major Mitchell, after his 繰り返し言うd 代表s of the backwardness of the 調査する, and his 緊急の 使用／適用s for 付加 means to bring up the arrear, could with any degree of consistency, or even ありふれた regard to the 利益／興味s of the 植民地, have been 雇うd as Captain Sturt was, on one occasion for five months and another for six.

"I thought at the time that I had myself （判決などを）下すd some service in inducing Captain Sturt and Mr. Cunningham to 請け負う their first 探検隊／遠征隊s; they certainly had 成し遂げるd a most important one in making known two かなりの tracts of country hitherto unexplored, and which, in Captain's Sturt 事例／患者 in particular, was only 遂行するd by the most persevering 決意 to 影響 his 反対する, and in which he 苦しむd privations to the 広大な／多数の／重要な 傷害 of his health.

"I do not hesitate to say that Major Mitchell would not have 成し遂げるd these services in a more 完全にする or advantageous manner; and I shall leave you to 裁判官 of my 失望 in finding by the Despatch 認めるing the 領収書 of Captain Sturt's and Mr. Cunningham's 報告（する）／憶測s, that I was not 権限を与えるd to 表明する on the part of His Majesty's 政府 one word in commendation of the important services they had （判決などを）下すd.

"The last 発見 of Captain Sturt's is beyond all comparison the most important that has ever been made in this 植民地, a water communication having been discovered from the settled 地区s to 遭遇（する） Bay on the south coast."

This despatch 誘発するs rather curious 憶測s. It is （疑いを）晴らす that Mitchell was grossly insubordinate as a civil officer, and was 非難するing Sturt's 選択 as leader of 調査するing activities: but in this despatch of Darling's the 言及／関連 to Sturt and Cunningham could 言及する only to Sturt's first 探検隊／遠征隊, and Darling must have had a warm feeling of 犯罪 and shame when he realized that it was only after Sturt had been 支援する from his second 探検隊／遠征隊 for nine months that he, Darling, had sent any 報告（する）／憶測 at all to the Home 政府, and even then Darling had coldly said:

"If 利益／興味d in this 事柄 you will find a sketch of his 操作／手術s in the Gazette."

He realized that he had made no comment on the value of the 発見s, had 表明するd no 評価, and had made no 推薦 for a reward for these 価値のある services.

[5-7] Moved, doubtless, by these thoughts, he sent off, on 14th April, 1831, Sturt's own 初めの 報告（する）／憶測 with a covering despatch in which he drew attention to the fact that Sturt had 苦しむd 厳しく in health as a result of the 条件s under which he had 成し遂げるd the two 探検隊／遠征隊s, and recommending him for 昇進／宣伝 in army 階級. This despatch was followed, very soon, 4th June, 1831, by a [5-8] despatch from Darling 明言する／公表するing that it had been his 意向 to 駅／配置する Captain Barker as "居住（者）" in New Zealand: but as that officer had been killed at Murray mouth whilst engaged in に引き続いて up Sturt's 発見s, he now 提案するd to send Sturt to New Zealand instead to conciliate the New Zealanders, Sturt's disposition and character 存在 very suitable to such a position. But something had happened to alter this 決定／判定勝ち（する）, for, from a despatch sent from London on [5-9] 18th March, 1832, it is （疑いを）晴らす that Darling, on 7th September, 1831, had written 明言する／公表するing that he had abandoned his 意向 of sending Sturt to New Zealand, 存在 of opinion that a more advantageous 方式 of 雇うing that officer's services might be 設立する by despatching him on an 探検隊／遠征隊 to 調査する the course of the river which he had discovered flowing into the Murray and which he considered to be the Darling.

[5-7 H.R.A. XVI. 242.]

[5-8 H.R.A. XVI. 263.]

[5-9 H.R.A. XVI. 561.]

And that was the end, for the time 存在 at least, of Darling's 協会 with Sturt's fortunes: for the cumulative and 執拗な intrigues against Darling had been successful and he was 解任するd, leaving Sydney on 21st October, 1831.

Surely few 公式の／役人 despatches have left Australia equalling in dignity of 抗議する this from 知事 Darling to Lord Goderich:

[5-10] "Nor do I lay any （人命などを）奪う，主張する to infallibility. If I have erred, surely, my Lord, some allowance might have been made, if only in consideration of the persons I have had to を取り引きする.

"I have 発揮するd myself strenuously to 促進する the 見解（をとる）s of His Majesty's 政府 and 持続する His Majesty's 当局.

"If it be your Lordship's will that I should be the sacrifice, I must 服従させる／提出する."

[5-10 R.A.H.S. VIII. 176.]

Darling's 後継者, Bourke, did not arrive until 31st December, 1831: in the interval, 陸軍大佐 Lindesay. Sturt's 命令（する）ing officer, was 事実上の／代理 知事.

[5-11] Mitchell did not 行方不明になる this 適切な時期, for, on 23rd November, 1831, Lindesay wrote to Goderich a despatch the 条件 of which, in 見解（をとる） of all that had happened, are not only 利益／興味ing in themselves, but 示唆する some 面s of Mitchell's character.

[5-11 H.R.A. XVI. 464.]

After 明言する／公表するing that he had 権限を与えるd Mitchell to proceed to that part of New South むちの跡s hitherto unexplored between the Castlereagh and Gwydir Rivers, he continued:

"When, in 1818, Mr. Oxley 調査するd a 部分 of the 領土, the opinion from his 報告（する）／憶測 argued a 広大な area of depressed 内部の stretching far to the west, and 支配する at 確かな seasons to total inundation.

"This was the theory of an 巨大な inland 沼 into which the waters of the Macquarie, Castlereagh, and other streams 最終的に 沈下するd.

"These opinions, although somewhat shaken in 1830 by Captain Sturt's' 発見 of so large a river as the Darling 追求するing a south-west course, have been recently 生き返らせるd by the 報告（する）／憶測 of a runaway 囚人 of the 栄冠を与える, who 主張するs to have travelled the 内部の of New Holland running 負かす／撃墜する the banks of a noble river rising in the eastern coast 範囲s and 追求するing a slow, 安定した, and 無傷の course about north-west through the 広大な levels of the 内部の and emptying its waters into the open sea."

Mitchell's comment on this （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） was:

"That the waters from the mountain 水盤／入り江 on the east reach the north-western coast, is therefore 極端に probable, unless these waters are 発射する／解雇するd by some 幅の広い and shallow estuary into the 湾 of Carpentaria."

Lindesay was either very ignorant, or the willing 共犯者 of Mitchell, or both. After all that had been done by Sturt, Mitchell, to settle the 高度に important question of 発射する／解雇する to the northwestern coast on the very doubtful 証言 of a runaway 罪人／有罪を宣告する, travelled between the 跡をつけるs of Oxley, Cunningham, and Sturt. The whole episode is unconvincing.

So far as anything known in Sydney was 関心d, at the end of 1831 the position was that Sturt's 報告（する）／憶測 had been despatched, but not 定評のある; that Darling had decided not to send Sturt to New Zealand; that Darling had left New South むちの跡s; and that Sturt's own 命令（する）ing officer had swallowed an improbable story, and, 産する／生じるing to Mitchell, had sent the latter off on an 探検隊／遠征隊 which was, on the knowledge then 利用できる, fantastic.

Sturt had returned from Norfolk Island in October, 1831, to find a 状況／情勢 完全に unfavourable to his own 利益／興味s: his friend and 支持者 Darling going: a new 知事 to whom he was unknown; his own 命令（する）ing officer Lindesay supporting his 宣言するd 競争相手--if not enemy--Mitchell: Mitchell off on an 探検隊／遠征隊 which must have seemed to Sturt to 無視（する） and discredit all his own work: no word, after eighteen months, of any 昇進／宣伝 or 承認--for Goderich's letter of 19th November could not have arrived. Beside all this he was ill--never having fully 回復するd from the 強調する／ストレスs of his two 旅行s.

It is not remarkable that he sought leave, which Bourke readily 認めるd, covering his 是認 with a very generous letter to Goderich (26th March, 1832):

[5-12] Captain Sturt, of the 39th 連隊, 存在 in bad health, has 得るd leave to return to England. This officer has made two 旅行s into the 内部の of the 植民地, and 追加するd much to the knowledge of the 地理学 of the southern 部分 of this 広大な 植民地.

[5-12 H.R.A. XVI. 575.]

"Captain Sturt is an officer of かなりの 知能 and 広大な／多数の／重要な perseverance. He has, I 恐れる, 苦しむd irreparably from the constancy with which he 追求するd his 反対する, and the hardships he was exposed to on his 旅行s.

"I feel it my 義務 to make these circumstances known, and to solicit for this deserving officer Your Lordship's 保護 and support."

[5-13] Goderich, in London, had written, on 19th November, 1831, to Bourke in Sydney 明言する／公表するing that he had received Darling's despatch of 14th April with Sturt's own 報告（する）／憶測. He agreed that Sturt had acquitted himself in a manner 高度に 満足な and creditable, and that he, Goderich, had supported Darling's 推薦 for 昇進／宣伝 and had brought "Captain Sturt's 指名する under the favourable consideration of the General 命令（する）ing in 長，指導者."

[5-13 H.R.A. XVI. 459.]

Goderich continued by requesting Bourke to consider the desirability of another 探検隊／遠征隊 to 決定する whether the river flowing into the Murray was really the Darling, and whether there was a passage from Lake Alexandrina at 遭遇（する） Bay into St. Vincent's 湾.

He did not then know that the latter point had already been settled by' Barker, 事実上の／代理 under Darling's 指示／教授／教育s.

This letter could not have reached Sydney before Sturt's 出発 so he could not have known anything about the reactions in London to his most important 発見s: but he would, most probably, have known of another letter written [5-14] by Goderich on 29th September, 1831, 非難するing the manner in which the several 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊s had been undertaken, and laying 負かす／撃墜する the 原則 that these 探検隊／遠征隊s should be controlled by the Surveyor General's Department. Goderich was 満足させるd that not only would かなりの expense be saved, but that 適切な時期s would be opened for assistant surveyors to 伸び（る） 価値のある experience. The despatch 結論するd:

[5-14 H.R.A. XVII. 382.]

"These 観察s are by no means ーするつもりであるd as any disparagement of the exertions and ability which Captain Sturt had 陳列する，発揮するd in the late important 発見s which he has made."

Sturt would have seen that Mitchell's intrigues with the 当局 in England had 後継するd. The prospect of 軍の 昇進／宣伝 seemingly hopeless, the door to その上の 探検 の近くにd, his own health broken, 不景気 for his 極度の慎重さを要する nature was 必然的な.

Nothing is known of the 旅行 to England, but he must have arrived there before 11th September, 1832, for on that date he wrote to General Darling, who was then living in フラン.

[5-15] To 完全にする this story of the events of that 暫定的な period, and the curious fluctuations of 政策, it has to be 記録，記録的な／記録するd that, on 18th March, 1832, Goderich wrote again to Bourke 表明するing satisfaction that Darling was not going to send Sturt to New Zealand, ーするつもりであるing instead to send him on a その上の 探検隊／遠征隊 to 決定する the course of the Darling.

[5-15 H.R.A. XVI. 561.]

Goderich 認可するd that this 客観的な:

"appears to be worthy of the 企業 and zeal in 追求するing his 発見s which have been manifested by Captain Sturt," and, if Sturt were not 利用できる, another person, "calculated for the 仕事" should be 雇うd. Goderich 提案するd that the person should start at the Darling-Murray junction, follow the river up to Sturt's last point of 接触する, and then strike off on a north-westerly course for three or four degrees of latitude till he reached the longitude of 140 degrees, should the nature of the country 許す him to do so. No 言及／関連 was made to the previous 判決，裁定 that 探検隊／遠征隊s were to be directed by the Surveyor-General, This letter did not reach Sydney till long after Sturt's 出発. The course 提案するd led 権利 up to the Cooper Creek 地域. Neither Mitchell nor any other person "calculated for the 仕事" seems to have shown any enthusiasm, for nothing was done--nothing, that is, till Sturt did it himself twelve years later.

On his return from the second 探検隊／遠征隊, Sturt had been given, as a 認める, a small allotment in Sydney of 1 acre 1 rood 3 perches, part of which was then the 軍の Gardens which were worked by the 兵士s to 供給する vegetables for the 軍の 兵舎 in Sydney: upon this there was a cottage so dilapidated as to be unserviceable. This 認める [5-16] was made to cover personal expenses incurred by Sturt. Before he left Sydney he sold the land for &続けざまに猛撃する;450, which covered his personal expenses and enabled him to give a small reward to the men who had …を伴ってd him on his 探検隊／遠征隊s.

[5-16 H.R.A. XVII. 461.]

[5-17] This 認める was in what is now 部分 394, Parish of Alexandria. It 前線s George Street West (Broadway), Balfour Street running within the 認める on its north-east 味方する.

[5-17 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Under-長官, Lands Department, N.S.W.]

Sturt's stay in England, which lasted for two years, was a period of 不景気 and 失望: 長引かせるd illness 土台を崩すd his health, and his 未来 prospects in life were exceedingly 暗い／優うつな. He was in his thirty-eighth year, and still unmarried.

His illness had been 進歩／革新的な; after his first 探検隊／遠征隊 he had not been 井戸／弁護士席; after his second 探検隊／遠征隊 he was probably 苦しむing from ビタミン-欠陥／不足s, from physical exhaustion, and overexposure; he did not 回復する 完全に on Norfolk Island, and, 最終的に his health broke 負かす／撃墜する 完全に, so that 知事 Bourke could speak of his health having "苦しむd irreparably." He became blind, losing 見通し first in the 権利 注目する，もくろむ, then in the left. Although he was, for four months, almost 全く blind, it was not until he had persevered for many weeks in a course of sarsaparilla that 見通し began to return. Those are his own words in 述べるing his 条件.

[5-18] The sarsaparilla referred to was Smilax Glycyphylla, a member of the lily family, which was 高度に esteemed for its medicinal 所有物／資産／財産s in the 早期に years of the Sydney 解決／入植地. A decoction of the leaves was used. Recently the berries have been analysed and 設立する to have a high content of ascorbic 酸性の. It is hardly possible to 述べる his illness in modern 医療の 条件, as the description of symptoms is 不十分な. The blindness 徐々に, under 治療, 改善するd; but he was never, for the 残り／休憩（する） of his life, to 回復する 十分な 見通し. The doctor who …に出席するd him in London ascribed his 条件 to a "クーデター de soleil," but it is most probable that 長引かせるd subsistence on an unsatisfactory diet, together with 支えるd physical exertion, were 従犯者 factors, if not the 完全にする 原因（となる）, of his 条件. The handwriting of a letter written by him to General Darling on 11th September, 1832, shows that his 見通し was, by then, かなり 回復するd.

[5-18 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） kindly 供給（する）d by the 長，指導者 Botanist, Botanic Gardens, Sydney.]

In that letter he 明言する／公表するd that he would 捜し出す an interview with [5-19] Lord Goderich and Lord Hill--the General 命令（する）ing in 長，指導者.

[5-19 Sturt papers. Letter to Darling.]

Upon 領収書 of this letter Darling at once wrote to Mr. Hay of the 植民地の Office 知らせるing him of Sturt's 条件 and 表明するing his own opinion that His Majesty's 政府 would not willingly 追加する to the 失望 Sturt already felt that his services had not been 認めるd by some reward.

Darling wrote also to Lord Fitzroy Somerset, of the War Office, giving 詳細（に述べる）s of Sturt's 部分的な／不平等な blindness and 明言する／公表するing that the prospect of 回復 was very doubtful, and asking that Lord Hill would 再考する his 事例／患者 and 認める him 昇進／宣伝. Darling 追加するd generous 尊敬の印 to Sturt's character, efficiency, and enthusiasm.

From the War Office （機の）カム the reply that Lord Hill was やめる aware of the importance of the services which had been （判決などを）下すd by Captain Sturt "but he really feels that he could not recommend him for a brevet 階級, exposing himself and His Majesty's service to much inconvenience."

In 見解（をとる） of the serious impairment of Sturt's 見通し, such a 決定／判定勝ち（する）, where (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 軍の 義務s were 伴う／関わるd, was 必然的な.

The year 1833 was a bad period for Sturt. He knew now that 昇進／宣伝 was out of the question, and no other avenue of 進歩 could be seen. He was middle-老年の, on a captain's 支払う／賃金 with no 私的な income. For the first half of the year he was ill and very depressed, so that his mother wrote (19th May, 1833):

[5-20] "Charles is 十分な of difficulties created in 広大な／多数の／重要な 手段 by his extreme diffidence. He has too much delicacy of feeling to 押し進める his own 利益／興味s 十分に. I hope he will now take courage to bestir himself a little."

[5-20 Life. p. 104.]

But his character was stronger than that: he had to make the 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な 決定／判定勝ち（する） whether he would finally abandon the army as a career, after twenty years of service, and there was some natural hesitation. While he was considering this, the 当局 had not been 冷淡な or forgetful. 問題／発行するs were focalized when Sturt took the first step by 適用するing, in June, 1833, through the 国務長官 for the 植民地s to the 財務省 [5-21] for some remuneration to 補償する him for the 広大な／多数の／重要な expense which his illness--予定 to hardships in public service--had 伴う／関わるd. He was 申し込む／申し出d a 年金 of &続けざまに猛撃する;100 per 年 on 条件 that he retired from active service, the 年金 to 開始する when he should 中止する to receive 軍の 支払う／賃金, and to continue until his sight was 回復するd, or some 状況／情勢 could be conferred on him by the 国務長官.

[5-21 Sturt papers.]

Having, as he considered, no 代案／選択肢, he 受託するd this 年金, sold his （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, and retired from the army, as from 19th July, 1833.

During that summer of 1833 he wrote his first 調書をとる／予約する, Two 探検隊／遠征隊s into the 内部の of Southern Australia, and illustrated it with sketches, four of which were by Sturt himself, the 残りの人，物 by W. Purser from sketches by Sturt. His 欠陥のある 見通し made the 令状ing of this 調書をとる／予約する difficult, and he thought it necessary to 言及する to this difficulty in the 調書をとる／予約する itself. It is not possible, in reading the 調書をとる／予約する, to notice any 証拠 of these difficulties; in fact, the two 容積／容量s are 優れた examples of brevity and clarity in description; and the handwriting of his letter at this period is （疑いを）晴らす.

The 調書をとる／予約する was 献身的な to the Earl of Ripon, Viscount Goderich--the Goderich to whom 言及／関連 has frequently been made already; the Goderich of whom it has been said that:

[5-22] "He was a poor, 効果のない／無能な, arid uninteresting （衆議院の）議長. He was one of a class of men who manage somehow, nobody やめる knows how to make themselves appear 不可欠の to their 政党."

[5-22 McCarthy: History of the Four Georges and William IV. 11.328.]

Sturt was to reproach himself, later, that he did not dedicate this work to Darling, to whom he 現実に 表明するd 悔いるs that he had not done so. He explained that he had thought it to be his 義務 to 伸び（る） the favour of the 国務長官: but he had been disappointed at the 返答.

The 調書をとる／予約する was published in 1833. It had one 即座の and most important result. As will be told more fully later, the movement に向かって the 創立／基礎 of a "Wakefield" 植民地 had languished, but the 出版（物） of Sturt's story of a large river and his almost lyrical 賞賛する of the fertile river valley, brought the whole movement again into vigorous activity. He was 招待するd by the Under-長官 Hay at the 植民地の Office to give his 見解（をとる）s as to the geographical prospects of a 解決／入植地 in South Australia in the 地域 of the Murray River. He gave these 見解（をとる）s in a long memorandum 時代遅れの 17th February, 1834, in which, having the 利益 of Barker's 調査する of St. Vincent's 湾, he recommended the 周辺 of Port Adelaide River as the 場所／位置 for the first town:

"Because it appears to me that when the distant 内部の shall be 占領するd, and communication 設立するd with the lake and the valley of the Murray, the banks of this creek will be the proper and natural 場所／位置 for the 資本／首都."

He showed again the 広大な／多数の／重要な ability for judicial consideration of 証拠, and the prophetic 見通し, which he always seemed to have at 命令（する）. In that same letter to Hay occurs a 提案 remarkable enough at any time, but from a man 回復するing from a long illness and depressed over his prospects for the 未来, it was 証拠 of courage of an unusual order:

[5-23] "The 長，指導者 反対する now is to discover what lies in the centre of the continent, and if it please God to 回復する me again in a month or so, as I am sanguine in hoping, I will, if you think my services will be 受託するd, make a bold 申し込む／申し出 in 提案するing to 横断する Australia from west to east, from the Swan River to Sydney.

"Such would indeed be an 請け負うing worthy of Mr. Stanley's 激励, and the ambition of any man, and Australia, you know, is my 合法的 field. You are aware of my economical 手はず／準備. I have given the 事業／計画（する） たびたび（訪れる） and 円熟した thought, and with eight men, six horses, six bullocks, and a proportionate 供給（する） of 準備／条項s, in eight months after my 出発 from the western I would stand upon the eastern shore of the Terra Australis Incognita--always with the 援助 of Providence."

[5-23 R.G.S.S.A. XVIII. 103.]

This letter 含む／封じ込めるs the 利益／興味ing 声明 that he had made "astonishing 進歩 に向かって 回復 of eyesight" which he せいにするd to the constant use of rose water.

While he was in favour of the idea of a 植民地 in South Australia, he did not 認可する of the 現在の 提案s for its 設立 and, as he said much later, he believed that if he had listened to the promoters of that 請け負うing he might have 命令（する）d any 任命 under the 計画／陰謀: His 指名する does not appear amongst those 現在の at the public 会合 in Exeter Hall, London, on 30th June, 1834.

He had decided to approach the 植民地の Office for a 認める of land in New South むちの跡s. He made his 使用／適用 in the form of a 記念の, 時代遅れの 9th May, 1834, to the 国務長官 for the 植民地s.

[5-24] In this 記念の, after reciting 簡潔に his services in the field of 探検 and the 広大な／多数の／重要な value of his 発見s, he pointed out that every person hitherto 雇うd in the 内部の 調査する of New South むちの跡s had been rewarded with very かなりの 認めるs of land--Hume and Macleay both having been so rewarded, in 関係 with Sturt's two 探検隊／遠征隊s すぐに on their return to Sydney: and that it was 単独で because General Darling had referred the 事柄 of reward to the 国務長官 that he, Sturt, the leader of the two 探検隊／遠征隊s, had not been 類似して rewarded.

[5-24 H.R.A. XVII. 461.]

He asked that he might be rewarded with a 解放する／自由な 認める of 2,560 acres. However, he 信用d that the 利益s to which he was する権利を与えるd as a retired Captain of twenty years' standing would not be 乱すd.

A copy of this 記念の was 今後d by Spring Rice, of the 植民地の Office, to 知事 Bourke, with a covering letter, 時代遅れの 3rd July, 1834, 明言する／公表するing that, in consideration of Sturt's services, Bourke was 権限を与えるd to 認める to Sturt 5,000 acres on the same 条件 as to 選択, sale, やめる, rent, etc., as had been in 軍隊 事前の to the 採択 of the "Ripon 規則s." These 規則s 供給するd a new system of land 認めるs: 事前の to their 存在 認めるs of land had been made 解放する／自由な, and in this way much good land had been given away; after 1st August, 1831, when the new 規則s （機の）カム into 軍隊, all land had to be sold by public auction, with a 最小限 price of five shillings per acre. If, therefore, Sturt had 適用するd for a 認める in 1830 after his return from the second 探検隊／遠征隊, this would undoubtedly have been 認めるd and on the "解放する／自由な" 条件s. As he 適用するd after 1831 a special 免除 was necessary for him to receive his land without 支払い（額） or 条件s. This was the 影響 of the 決定／判定勝ち（する） 伝えるd to Bourke.

It was その上の decided that, as from the date of 占領／職業 of the land so 認めるd, his 年金 of &続けざまに猛撃する;100 was to 中止する, as also were any 利益s to which he might be する権利を与えるd as a retired army Captain of twenty years' standing.

In his covering letter to Spring Rice with the 記念の, Sturt had 明言する／公表するd that if his health were 回復するd his services would be at the 命令（する） of the 政府 either in 促進するing public good or in the furtherance of geographical 研究. Bourke's attention was 公式に directed to this 申し込む／申し出, and Sturt was commended to Bourke's favourable notice.

It seems （疑いを）晴らす that the value of his services had been recognised, and that, but for his own 宣言するd preference for 昇進／宣伝 within the army rather than other rewards, some 有形の 表現 of 評価 would have been given earlier.

But now, after twenty-one months in England, his health was 大部分は 回復するd: his army career was definitely finished: he had published a 調書をとる／予約する which--in 見解（をとる） of the 即座の and important 影響s it produced--was one of the 広大な／多数の／重要な events in Australian history: and he had become a landed proprietor on a かなりの 規模.

He was in his fortieth year and still unmarried: but with the change in his fortunes, decided to marry. He wrote to Darling [5-25] on 20th August, 1834, telling him of this, in quaint language covering his middle-老年の 当惑: "I had ーするつもりであるd leaving England about the middle of last month, but a singular train of circumstances has arisen to 妨げる my doing so, and you will be surprised to hear that I am on the eve of marriage, having 決定するd to sacrifice ambition at the 神社 of 国内の tranquillity, and to 交流 a restless disposition for one of quietude.

[5-25 Sturt papers.]

"I know not that of myself I should ever have thought of such a 手段; but it has been so 堅固に 勧めるd upon me that I have in a 手段 been 強いるd to give way--not one letter have I received from N.S. むちの跡s in reply to my own, intimating my 意向 of returning to Sydney, but it has 含む／封じ込めるd the advice 'marry before you leave England.'

"The Lady to whom I am about to be 部隊d has neither 青年 nor beauty to recommend, but if the most pleasing manners, and the gentlest disposition, extreme firmness of mind and acquirements of no ありふれた order can 重さを計る in the 規模 against such (n)艦隊／(a)素早いing 力／強力にするs or （判決などを）下す the softer sex estimable in our 注目する，もくろむs, I have not been inconsistent in the choice I have made or built my hopes of 国内の happiness on slight ground.

"Beloved by all who know her and long known to my own family, 行方不明になる Greene is one to whom I could 支払う／賃金 in 前進する the strongest 尊敬の印 of 信用／信任 and esteem, nor can I 疑問 that she will make me a most affectionate wife and be to me a cheerful companion."

Charlotte Greene was 33 years old. He was not disappointed--Mrs. Sturt was a very loyal and competent wife and mother through many difficulties and 強調する／ストレスs in what must have been for her a young, rough, strange land.

They were married on 20th September, 1834, at St. James, Dover, and within a fortnight had sailed for Australia.

It is （疑いを）晴らす from this correspondence, having in 見解（をとる） the time 伴う／関わるd in 令状ing to Australia and receiving a reply that, at least as 早期に as September, 1833, he must have "intimated his 意向" of returning to Sydney, although the 決定／判定勝ち（する） to make him a 認める of land was not made till the に引き続いて year. Also to be 公式文書，認めるd is his letter of 17th February, 1834:

"The 長，指導者 反対する now is to discover what lies in the centre of the continent...Australia is my 合法的 field."

The itch was still active.

CHAPTER VI - Life in New South むちの跡s

[6-1] Upon their arrival in Sydney 早期に in 1835 Sturt and his wife stayed first with the Macleays at Brownlow Hill 近づく Camden, and then moved to "a pretty cottage on the 郊外s of Sydney." The 場所 of this cottage is unknown.

[6-1 Life. p.113, 108.]

最終的に he selected his 認める in what is now the Australian 資本／首都 領土. Mrs. Sturt, in her biography, 明言する／公表するs that the 認める was gazetted in February, 1837, and she 追加するs:

"Sturt 延期するd for some time to select his land, and the 調査する Office in Sydney 警告するd him they would 取り消す his 認める if he did not 演習 it within a given time. This notice 設立する him lying ill at Yarralumla, so, on hearsay and in haste, he chose his 認める at Ginningdera, 近づく Queanbeyan, a 封鎖する surrounded on three 味方するs by the water of the Murrumbidgee, the Queanbeyan, and the Ginningdera. The land, however, is not good, and has 苦しむd ひどく from floods."

These 声明s by Mrs. Sturt 要求する careful examination.

[6-2] The 国務長官, Spring-Rice, had 通知するd 知事 Bourke on 3rd July, 1834, that Sturt's 使用／適用 for a 認める of land had been 認可するd. This 是認 reached Sydney on 1st December, 1834: Sturt arrived in Sydney 早期に in 1835:

[6-2 Life, p.108.] [6-2 H.R.A. XVII. 461.]

[6-3] On 17th April, 1835, he wrote to his brother William:

[6-3 Life. p.113.]

"You are aware that the 政府 gave me a 5,000 acre 認める of land, but I have not as yet made my 選択, 存在 puzzled as to the locality."

Four days later, 21st April, 1835, he again wrote:

"I am on the eve of making a 旅行 to select my acres. The country to the south is 述べるd by several people as most beautiful. As soon as I get my land I shall 在庫／株 it with 1,000 sheep and 150 to 200 長，率いる of 罰金 cattle. As a beginning, that, I think, will do very 井戸／弁護士席; and a trip once or twice a year to see my 設立 will be a 楽しみ to me."

[6-4] It is to be 推定するd that he made the 旅行, as the order for the land was 問題／発行するd by the 知事 on 5th June, 1835; the land was 調査するd by Robert Hoddle on 25th November, 1835; was 通知するd in the Gazette of 8th February, 1836; and was finally "認めるd" on 3rd February, 1837.

[6-4 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Under-長官, Lands Department, N.S.W.]

Whether he 現実に visited and 検査／視察するd the land itself is uncertain; if, as Mrs. Sturt 明言する／公表するs, he was "lying ill at Yarralumla," which is only seven miles from the land in question, it is reasonable to assume that he visited it.

[6-5] But Yarralumla was 認めるd to T. A. Murray only in 1842. It seems likely that Mrs. Sturt's （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） was 不確かの. It certainly was so in 尊敬（する）・点 to the 声明 that the land is not good and has 苦しむd ひどく from floods, for the land rises steeply from each of the three streams, and is good grazing land. He sold this land to Charles Campbell' on 26th February, 1838, so that from 1835 to 1838 he owned both this 所有物／資産／財産 and that at Mittagong.

[6-5 Robinson: Canberra's First Hundred Years. p.9.]

[6-6] The Ginningdera land is now 部分 3, Parish of Weetangera, 郡 of Murray.

[6-6 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） kindly 供給（する）d by Mr. Jervis.]

From letters written in April, 1835, it appears that Sturt had cash 資源s of something more than &続けざまに猛撃する;3,000 and was attracted by a 所有物／資産／財産 at Luskintyre on the Hunter: he did not, however, proceed その上の with this idea, but 購入（する）d 所有物／資産／財産 at Mittagong. This 所有物／資産／財産 is also referred to by Mrs. Sturt as 存在 in the "Bargo 小衝突." Its 場所 is, however, known.

In the newspaper The Australian the に引き続いて 宣伝 appeared in the 問題／発行する of 4th August, 1835:

"To the inhabitants of Bong Bong, Berrima and its neighbourhood, Captain Sturt having 購入（する）d the late 所有物／資産／財産 of Mr. 切断機，沿岸警備艇 at Mittagong 範囲 from Mr. Brownlow, and taken 所有／入手 thereof, takes this 適切な時期 of 知らせるing the inhabitants of Bong Bong, Berrima and their neighbourhoods, that the Mill will continue to be worked for the convenience of the public as usual, and that care will be taken and 手はず／準備 made to 確実にする every regularity.

"Every attention will be paid to those who may send 穀物 to be ground. All 使用／適用s to be made to the Miller...22nd July, 1835. Mittagong."

It is convenient to 引用する here also the 宣伝 of the sale, by Sturt, of this 所有物／資産／財産. The newspaper The Australian had this 宣伝 in its 問題／発行する of 12th January, 1838:

"Mittagong. T. W. Smart begs to intimate to his 選挙権を持つ／選挙人s...that he has been 栄誉（を受ける）d with 指示／教授／教育s by Captain Sturt to 服従させる／提出する and sell by public auction...the 広い地所 of Mittagong and late 住居 of this gentleman 含む／封じ込めるing nineteen hundred and fifty acres; bounded by the new line of road to that town, and eastward by the old line of road to Bong Bong, etc., etc., distant from Sydney seventy miles and twelve miles only from Berrima.

"The 状況／情勢 and 能力s of this 所有物／資産／財産 are so 井戸／弁護士席-known to the public that the vendor feels he has little to say as to its 広大な／多数の／重要な 適格（性） whether as a cattle, 酪農場 or 農業の 設立, as a 私的な 住居 for a family...It has a commodious house with thirteen hundred acres of land 大（公）使館員d as also on the other 部分 of the 広い地所 a neat and comfortable verandah cottage with a powerful 石／投石する built windmill which is 絶えず and profitably 雇うd."

These descriptions and some search of 記録，記録的な／記録するs make it possible to 明言する／公表する the 場所 of Sturt's 所有物／資産／財産. It consisted of four 封鎖するs all 前線ing the old road from Sydney to Bong Bong; this road left the 現在の Hume 主要道路 just south of Yerrinbool going straight over the Mittagong 範囲 one mile east of the 現在の town of Mittagong, joining the 主要道路 again just north of Moss Vale.

[6-7] 部分s 26 (300 acres) and 33 (300 acres), Parish of Mittagong, are on the eastern 味方する of the road: these were 伝えるd to Sturt on 2nd 沼, 1835: that is, before the 認める at Ginnindera became 効果的な. The mill was almost certainly on 部分 26. The Lower Mittagong Public School is at the north-west corner of 部分 33. 部分 115, Parish of Mittagong (1,130 acres) has frontage to the old road on the east, and the Hume 主要道路 on the west. Sturt 適用するd to the Lands Department to 購入（する） this 部分 in 1835, but it was sold to J. T. Wilson in January, 1836. It was 伝えるd to Sturt on 23rd August, 1836.

[6-7 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the Mittagong 所有物／資産／財産 has been 供給（する）d by the Under-長官, Lands Department, Mr. A. V. J. Parry, of Bowral, and Mr. J. Jervis, of Sydney.]

There was another small piece of 30 acres 伝えるd to Sturt on 2nd March, 1835. It seems 確かな that this was 部分 73 on which 切断機，沿岸警備艇 以前 had had the 井戸／弁護士席-known Kangaroo Inn.

There is a reasonable probability that the "commodious house" was the Kangaroo Inn which had ten rooms, and probably this was Sturt's 住居. They lived at Mittagong for about two years--a life which was certainly not without 利益／興味.

[6-8] They were here visited in 1836 by Rev. James Backhouse, who, in his 記録，記録的な／記録するd reminiscences, 述べるs Sturt as "a benevolent and 企業ing man 井戸／弁護士席-known on account of his long 探検の／予備の 旅行s."

[6-8 Backhouse: Narrative of a Visit to the Australian 植民地s. p.444.]

[6-9] There were several 出来事/事件s with bushrangers, by whom Sturt was 大いに 尊敬（する）・点d. It is 記録，記録的な／記録するd that the bushranger ツバメ Cash "made for Goulburn and soon got an 約束／交戦 as dairyman under Captain Sturt, the famous explorer, on his Mittagong 駅／配置する; but quarrels with a new overseer 軍隊d him to throw up his 職業." Joseph Harris, who had been with Sturt for more than twenty years, was with him in Sydney in 1835, had now settled on his own land at Dapto. George Davenport, from Norfolk Island, was with the family at Sydney and Mittagong.

[6-9 White History of Australian Bushranging. 1.62.]

There are other traces of this period. The eldest son, Napier George, was baptized by Bishop Broughton on 1st January, 1837, at the Church of England, Sutton Forest. The 入ること／参加（者） is still to be seen (No. 160) in the 登録（する） of Baptisms there.

[6-10] 知事 Bourke 今後d, on 26th December, 1835, a パネル盤 of 指名するs from which twelve 指名された人 members of the 法律を制定する 会議 were to be selected. Amongst these appears the 指名する of "Charles Sturt--Mittagong." He was not 任命するd.

[6-10 H.R.A. XVII. 251.]

[6-11] He was at this time a member of the 委員会 of Superintendence of the Australian Museum and Botanical Garden, having been so 任命するd by 公式の／役人 minute on 14th June, 1836. It seems that he only …に出席するd a few 会合s of the 委員会, and, in the minutes, there are only indirect 指示，表示する物s of any active 参加. On 14th July, 1836, he 調印するd, with a number of other 目だつ people, a 記念の to the 知事 against the introduction of 世俗的な education.

[6-11 Rainbow: Aust. Museum Mag. Vol. IV. No. 3. 1930. p.76.]

早期に in 1837, Sturt, while still owning the Mittagong and Ginnindera 所有物／資産／財産s, bought a 所有物／資産／財産 at Varroville between Liverpool and Campbelltown: it is on the main road between these two towns, almost opposite the historic Denham 法廷，裁判所 所有物／資産／財産--だいたい five miles south of the Cross Roads. This 所有物／資産／財産, 1,000 acres, was bought from Thomas Wills for &続けざまに猛撃する;2,500. At this farm he had 1,000 acres with water-穴を開けるs in every paddock, was able to gratify his passion for gardening, and in 1838,[6-12] was visited by John Gould, the bird-artist, who admired Sturt's large 初めの collection of water-colours of Australian parrots, for which he 申し込む／申し出d a large sum. But these 絵s had been the delight of Sturt's leisure: he had collected the rarer 見本／標本s at 広大な／多数の／重要な trouble and he would not part with them. These, together with letters and 早期に 定期刊行物s, were later stolen.

[6-12 Life. p.122.]

Some, however, are still in the 所有／入手 of Sturt's grandson in England.

The period of 住居 at Varroville was not 解放する／自由な from trouble. A very 厳しい 干ばつ 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd from 1836 to 1839, and, although Sturt had 180 長，率いる of 在庫／株, and 350 acres under cultivation, his farming was, financially, 無益な.

Induced by the prospects of a market in the new 植民地 of South Australia, Sturt left Sydney in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of a party 陸路のing cattle. An account of this 旅行 is 設立する in the next 一時期／支部, but it 伴う／関わるd Sturt's absence from his farm from April, 1838, to the end of that year.

During his absence Mrs. Sturt had 広大な／多数の／重要な trouble with the 割り当てるd servants, until the arrival of Sturt's youngest brother, Evelyn. Mrs. Sturt all through this period had the 付加 重荷（を負わせる） of her second son, who was born on 22nd September, 1838.

Here, too, Mulholland, one of the Murray 探検隊／遠征隊, was overseer for a time, but was 設立する to be dishonest: Davenport remained a loyal and very faithful member of the staff.

During the period at Varroville the eldest boy 辛うじて escaped 溺死するing in a pond which is still to be seen 近づく the house.

Sturt's visit to Adelaide had introduced new elements into his prospects, and, as will be 詳細（に述べる）d later, he decided to sell his land and 在庫／株 and 受託する an 任命 in that new 植民地. The Varroville 所有物／資産／財産 was sold on 25th February, 1839. This done, the family 乗る，着手するd on 27th February, 1839, in the John Pine (106 トンs) and after a 嵐の voyage arrived in Port Adelaide on 2nd April.

について言及する must be made here of the story of E. J. Eyre, for he and Sturt became 急速な／放蕩な friends--each having the credit of 存在 the first explorer to 横断する 広大な／多数の／重要な tracts of new country.

[6-13] Eyre, a 青年 of seventeen years, arrived in Sydney on 28th March, 1833: Sturt was then in England. Eyre, however, has 記録，記録的な／記録するd that in January, 1837, on a visit to Sydney from his 所有物／資産／財産 "Woodlands," he "met my old 知識s and 設立する some new ones, amongst others I now for the first time met Captain Sturt, since become an old and most valued friend."

[6-13 Mit. Lib. Eyre's Autobiography MSS. A.1806. p.153-4.]

An 利益／興味ing point is that both Eyre and Sturt owned land 近づく Canberra: but Eyre, like Sturt, parted with his land.

CHAPTER VII - First Visit to South Australia

A.--CONDITIONS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA

Apart from the 軍の 駅／配置するs along the northern coast, the 公式の／役人 story of South Australia before Sturt's 旅行 負かす／撃墜する the Murray in 1830 consisted of the 簡潔な／要約する visits by Flinders and Baudin in 1801-02. These 伸び（る）d only a superficial knowledge of the coastline and a very 制限するd area of the hinterland.

However, as 早期に as 1803 or 1804, American sealers had a base on Kangaroo Island; and, from 1806 onwards, ギャング（団）s of lawless sealers and runaway 罪人／有罪を宣告するs had settled on, the island, and even visited Lake Alexandrina before Sturt.

The 設立 of South Australia was 直接／まっすぐに 予定 to the 成果／努力s of the 支持するs of the Wakefield theory of 植民地化. Wakefield's letters to the Morning Chronicle were published in 1829, and his famous "Letter from Sydney" before May, 1830.

The 国家の 植民地化 Society was 設立するd in 1830 to give practical 表現 to Wakefield's ideas. As already 明言する／公表するd, knowledge of Sturt's 発見s was already in London by December, 1830, as they were referred to in a paper on the 設立 of a 解決／入植地 近づく the magnificent river just discovered by him.

The 国家の 植民地化 Society lasted only a few months; but it had, in that time, decided to 設立する a 植民地 in South Australia for the 操作／手術 of the Wakefield system: the 対立 of the 植民地の Office, led by James Stephen, was 十分な to 妨げる any practical 活動／戦闘. Sturt was not in England at that time, and was not in any way associated with the movement.

言及／関連 should, at this 行う／開催する／段階, be made to Barker's 調査s. During 1831 Captain Collet Barker, under 指示／教授／教育s from Darling, had 診察するd the eastern shores of St. Vincent's 湾. He landed at Noarlunga, then at Port Adelaide; and, finally, 上陸 at 早い Bay, he went 陸路の to the Murray mouth, thus 証明するing that there was no channel between the Murray and St. Vincent's 湾.

In 1831-32 a South Australian Land Company was formed, and this Company had 得るd from the 植民地の Office a copy of Sturt's 定期刊行物. This had produced an ineffectual 決意／決議:

[7-1] "That the 証拠 submitted in 尊敬（する）・点 to the 国／地域, 気候 and 生産／産物...is 十分な to 令状 the 形式 of a 植民地 in these lands with all possible 探検隊／遠征隊."

[7-1 Price: 創立者s and 開拓するs of South Australia. p.40.]

This Company did not last long. But the 出版（物）, almost 同時に in 1833, of Sturt's Two 探検隊／遠征隊s into the 内部の of Southern Australia and Wakefield's England and America, had 利益／興味d a much wider public, and the whole 計画／陰謀 was 生き返らせるd.

This time a "South Australian 協会" was formed--again the 主要な／長／主犯 actors were Wakefield and Gouger. The activities of this 協会 led, 最終的に, to the passing on 10th August, 1834, of a 創立／基礎 行為／法令／行動する 設立するing the 植民地 of South Australia.

It has to be 公式文書，認めるd that, until Sturt's arrival in England, and until the 出版（物） of his story, the whole 計画／陰謀 had languished. Thereafter it （機の）カム to life, received 公式の／役人 承認, and a 植民地 was, by 法律, 設立するd. His 広大な／多数の／重要な 影響（力）, and his status as one of the real 創立者s of South Australia, cannot be 疑問d.

The. 創立／基礎 行為／法令／行動する 供給するd that South Australia was to be a 栄冠を与える 植民地, 治めるd by the 植民地の Office in the usual way; but there was also to be a Board of Commissioners 任命するd by. 議会 to manage the Wakefield system of land sales and 移住.

G. F. Angas was, at first, a member of this Board of Commissioners.

[7-2] To 逆戻りする to Sturt: he had been in England but had taken no part in this movement until 27th January, 1834, when during a call at the 植民地の Office he discussed the 提案 of the 協会 to 設立する a 植民地. He was 招待するd by Under-長官 Hay to give his 見解（をとる）s as to the geographical prospects of 解決／入植地, and did so in a long and important letter, 時代遅れの 17th February, 1834: to this letter 言及／関連 has already been made.. He recommended that the 資本／首都 city should be 近づく the Port Adelaide River. There can be no 疑問 at all that his personal 影響（力） at this 行う／開催する／段階 was a very important factor に向かって the 決定／判定勝ち（する） of the 政府 to pass the 創立／基礎 行為／法令／行動する.

[7-2 Price: loc. cit. p.41.]

As he did not 認可する of the 計画／陰謀 of 行政 he took no その上の part. In an 公式の／役人 minute by the 植民地の Land and 移住 Office on 11th August, 1834, it is 明言する／公表するd:

[7-3] "We do 司法（官） to the character and 動機s of Captain Sturt. By his 企業ing 探検隊／遠征隊 負かす／撃墜する the Murray he may be considered the discoverer of South Australia, and to that 旅行 the 解決／入植地 may be said in one sense to have 借りがあるd its 存在."

[7-3 Archie. S.A. Despatch No. 71. 12th Oct., 1843, from 長官 of 明言する／公表する.]

In October, 1835, a third 団体／死体, the South Australian Company, was formed--its moving spirit, Angas, 辞職するing from the Board of Commissioners, as he felt he could not 支える a divided 忠義.

The 分割 of 当局 between the 植民地の Office, which 保持するd in reserve its 支配的な 力／強力にするs, and the Board of Commissioners to which the 植民地の Office had 降伏するd its (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 当局, was an 行政の error which was to 原因（となる） much 苦しめる in the 植民地, and 広大な／多数の／重要な 当惑 to Sturt.

The 設立 of the 植民地 began. 陸軍大佐 Light, the Surveyor-General, （機の）カム first, entering the Port Adelaide River on 21st November, 1836. He had 絶対の 当局 to 決定する the 場所／位置 of the 資本／首都 city, and selected the locality recommended by Sturt, to whom he made 十分な acknowledgment.

The 知事, Hindmarsh, （機の）カム later, 上陸 and 布告するing the 植民地 at Glenelg on 28th December, 1836. A triangular contest arose. The South Australian Company, 存在 merchants, wished to have the 資本／首都 city at Port Adelaide. Hindmarsh, 存在 financially indebted to Angas, supported this and 辞退するd to 認可する of Light's Adelaide 場所／位置. Light, having 十分な 当局, would not 譲歩する anything, and the Adelaide 場所／位置 was 受託するd.

In November, 1837, excitement was 原因（となる）d by the 申し立てられた／疑わしい 発見 of a 罰金 harbour at the mouth of the Murray and Hind-沼 宣言するd his 意向 of 除去するing the 資本／首都 there. Light, having trouble with the Board of Commissioners, 辞職するd in June, 1838, and most of the 調査する staff 辞職するd with him--leaving the land 調査するs in 大混乱. Moreover, the 分割 of 当局 between the 知事, 代表するing the 植民地の Office, and the 居住（者） Commissioner, who held 地元の 当局 委任する／代表d by the Board of Commissioners, produced 衝突 from the very day of 上陸: this, 追加するd to the 失敗 of the 当局 in England to 供給する proper 財政上の 資源s for the new 植民地, resulted in the 解任する of 知事 Hindmarsh, who left South Australia in July, 1838. His 後継者, Gawler, reached Adelaide in October, 1838--the 政府 between July and October 存在 carried on by Mr. George Stephen, 事実上の／代理 as 行政官／管理者. It was 正確に in this 暫定的な period, when there was no 知事, no Surveyor-General or 調査する staff, and excitement over the 可能性 of moving the 資本／首都 city to 遭遇（する） Bay on the mouth of the Murray--that Sturt first （機の）カム to Adelaide.

B. - THE OVERLAND JOURNEY

The 混乱 in 行政 had brought about a serious 経済的な 危機 in Adelaide, which, 増加するing in 1837, had resulted in a 限定された scarcity of food 供給（する）s.

企業ing people in New South むちの跡s saw an 適切な時期 for selling 在庫／株 on the Adelaide market. Bonney and Hawdon, leaving Melbourne in January, 1838, took a large 暴徒 of cattle 陸路の, arriving in Adelaide on 3rd April.

[7-4] Eyre left from 近づく the 現在の 場所／位置 of Canberra on 21st December, 1837, with 300 cattle, arriving in Adelaide on 23rd July. While these two 投機・賭けるs were 訴訟／進行, a group of merchants in Sydney arranged to send another lot over: they 招待するd Sturt to take 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of this 探検隊／遠征隊.

[7-4 Uren and Stephens: Waterless Horizons. p.60.]

He did not publish any account of this 旅行, but left an 初めの diary "written in a 罰金, （疑いを）晴らす 手渡す on several loose packets of small 公式文書，認める paper...adorned by tiny delicate sketches in pencil and water colour."

This diary is now in the Rhodes House Library at Oxford.

ーするために 完全にする the blank in the knowledge of the Murray River, Sturt travelled from Sydney to Hume's crossing place at Albury and then kept 厳密に to the course of the river. Many times this resulted in difficulties from marshy ground and from reeds 18 to 20 feet high: but he wished to make sure of all the major bends in the river.

He had a 暴徒 of 300 cattle, some of which were his own, and from time to time had 広大な／多数の／重要な trouble in keeping them together. Sturt left Sydney at the end of April, 1838, having with him Fraser, who had been on both previous 探検隊／遠征隊s, Robert Flood (who would be with him again on the 1844 探検隊／遠征隊), Lomas, Finniss, McLeod and Strangways.

The party travelled 負かす／撃墜する the north bank of the Murray, passing the junction of the Ovens on 29th May: here Sturt noticed the quandong with the comment that, wherever it grows, emus are 非常に／多数の. From this point to the Darling they had very friendly relations with the natives, who were invaluable as guides.

At the junction of the Edward River they crossed to the south bank of the Murray; at this point the natives helped the men with their work. Sturt 公式文書，認めるd that:

"Many were pitted as if by smallpox. This 病気, which was 激怒（する）ing の中で them on the Darling in 1828, and on the Murray in 1829 (see pp. 25, 55), must have committed dreadful havoc, since on this 旅行 I did not see hundreds to the thousands that I had 以前は met.

"I could not 熟視する／熟考する without a feeling of melancholy the 残余 of these unfortunate people. A new 時代 was 夜明けing, and a fearful change was coming upon them, whether for good or evil God only knows."

They crossed the Loddon on 26th June and here, 選ぶing up the 跡をつけるs of Mitchell, Hawdon and Bonney, and Eyre, they were on "the 広大な／多数の／重要な high road of the 内部の." Passing the Murrumbidgee junction on 10th July, they reached the Darling Junction on 24th July. Sturt approached the Darling Junction with feelings of 逮捕 of trouble with the natives: indeed, an unfortunate 出来事/事件 did nearly 刺激する a serious 衝突, but no 悲劇 occurred.

Sturt took the 適切な時期 of making a careful sketch of "that beautiful scene"--the Darling junction. From here the 旅行 was troublesome; their tea, sugar and salt were exhausted; there was, of course, plenty of meat, but without salt this was not very palatable. At this 行う／開催する／段階 Sturt wrote in his diary:

"Would to God I were at Adelaide! Could I have foreseen the tedious length of this 旅行, I had never left my home."

近づく Lake Bonney they had その上の trouble with the natives, but soon after leaving there, Sturt, going to settle some trouble with the natives, 認めるd the old man* "who had 以前は joined us in-the boat. He was not 満足させるd till I permitted him to sleep at my テント. At his bidding all the 黒人／ボイコットs left their （軍の）野営地，陣営, and the night passed 静かに."

(*See p 42.)

Thereafter there was no 出来事/事件: they followed the Murray 負かす／撃墜する to just south of Blanche Town, then turned west across country to the 範囲s, and brought the cattle to a 永久の （軍の）野営地，陣営 under Mt. Barker on 27th August, after a 旅行 which Sturt considered to have been more 疲労，（軍の）雑役ing than either of his 探検隊／遠征隊s..

Both Eyre and Sturt had difficulty in selling their 在庫／株. Although there was 広大な／多数の／重要な need in Adelaide for both meat and livestock, there was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 欠如（する） of money. The 投機・賭ける was not profitable for Sturt, although Eyre had （疑いを）晴らすd a reasonable 利益（をあげる）. It is possible that the events now to be 述べるd distracted Sturt's attention from his own personal 利益／興味s.

The occasion of Sturt's first visit to Adelaide is an appropriate place to について言及する that Captain Barker, during his 調査s of the eastern shore of St. Vincent's 湾, had 指名するd the Sturt River. This small stream, which 耐えるs the same 指名する to-day, runs into the sea at Glenelg, passing about six miles south of Adelaide.

C.--ADELAIDE AND ENCOUNTER BAY

As already 明言する／公表するd, Sturt first saw the new city, of which he regarded himself in some sense as the 創立者, at a time of 経済的な 混乱 rather 強めるd by the interregnum of 一時停止するd 政府.

It was natural that he should be 深く，強烈に 利益／興味d in the workings of a novel 計画／陰謀 of 植民地化 of which he had disapproved, but for some 株--even unwilling--in which, he must 受託する 責任／義務.

He had arrived at Mt. Barker on 28th August, 1838, and, on his 外見 in Adelaide, was given a very warm welcome. On 7th September a public dinner was given in his honour. The に引き続いて 抽出するs from a 同時代の newspaper 報告（する）／憶測 of this dinner give some 指示，表示する物 of the 条件s at that time:

"上向きs of 100 of the most respectable inhabitants 組み立てる／集結するd on this occasion; and we rejoiced to perceive from the 非常に／多数の 出席 of gentlemen of all shades of opinion that on this occasion at least they had the good taste to lay political feelings altogether aside. Captain Sturt …を伴ってd by the 事実上の／代理 知事 was received with a 二塁打 salute of guns and 巨大な 元気づける. Mr. Morphett 提案するd the health of Captain Sturt, which was received with enthusiastic 元気づける and 賞賛.

"Captain Sturt returned thanks in a most feeling and characteristic speech. We 悔いる the lateness of the hour 妨げるs our giving an 輪郭（を描く） of it. The 告示 that the Captain ーするつもりであるd forthwith to 始める，決める out for the 目的 of 完全に 診察するing Lake Alexandrina and its communication with the sea was received in a manner which showed how 深い and general was the 利益／興味 felt in the 解決／入植地 of the important points connected with the 調査.

"The harmony of the 会合 was 部分的に／不公平に interrupted by the disgraceful 不品行／姦通 of Mr. Edward Stephens, cashier of the South Australian Company's Bank; but this person's misbehaviour was soon repressed by the 誘発する 干渉，妨害 of the 知事, and the general and strong indignation of the company."

This 批評 of Mr. Stephens in a public newspaper gives some 指示，表示する物 of the 摩擦 between the three 当局 which so 乱すd the first years of the 植民地. Mr. Stephens was an officer of the South Australian Company: the newspaper was the 政府 組織／臓器.

Sturt in his speech 申し込む／申し出d some 穏やかな 批評 of the Commissioners:

"I am happy in the 適切な時期 of touching on two other points connected with the 見解（をとる）s of the Commissioners in England.

"I mean their wish to 設立する steam 航海 and 鉄道／強行採決するs between Sydney and Adelaide.

"Gentlemen! both are utterly impracticable.

"The Murray and Hume rivers run over a distance of more than 2,000 miles, and their channels are so choked up with 木材／素質 that it would be the work of years to （疑いを）晴らす them.

"But if the 計画（する）s are practicable there are not 輸出（する）s to 返す so gigantic a 憶測.

"I speak thus candidly and 率直に to save many, I hope, from 廃虚. If the Commissioners would 協議する their own 利益／興味s, let them turn their attention to the solid 改良 of this beautiful 州...

"The country at the base of Mt. Barker in its 現在の luxurious 明言する／公表する far 越えるs in richness any 部分 of New South むちの跡s that I ever saw: indeed, even in England I have seldom 観察するd a closer sward or more abundant herbage growing."

陸軍大佐 Light was unable to 行為／法令／行動する as chairman of this dinner as his health was bad, and he was afraid that, if he …に出席するd the dinner, he would be ill again. He died thirteen months later from pulmonary tuberculosis. In the letter 表明するing his 悔いる that he was unable to 統括する he said that no one had more 推論する／理由 to 認める himself indebted to Captain Sturt than he had.

The 提案 to move the 資本／首都 to 遭遇（する） Bay had 原因（となる）d an 即座の 停止（させる） in land sales in Adelaide; and, as the Wakefield 計画／陰謀 of 植民地化 was based on the 領収書 of 歳入 from the sale of land, this 提案 原因（となる）d 広大な／多数の／重要な 関心 to those who had already bought land; and 行政の 混乱 because, sale of land 存在 一時停止するd, no 歳入 was 存在 received.

It was 緊急に important to get this 問題／発行する 決定するd, and the 行政官／管理者, George Stephen, asked Sturt if he would visit the locality and give his advice.

Sturt 雇うd a 乗組員 and left Adelaide for 遭遇（する） Bay on 11th September, going by land and arriving at 勝利者 Harbour on 14th September.

The next day he proceeded to Port Elliott, leaving here on 16th September in a small boat, keeping along the coast inside the outer 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 in a 激しい ground swell. By eight o'clock, after 列／漕ぐ／騒動ing fourteen miles, they were opposite the river mouth, but the line of breakers across the 入り口 made the passage impossible. They turned 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, crossing the 入り口 again 西方のs, and the sea became rougher. After another 試みる／企てる to the eastward they had to return, running six miles 西方の and, through 激しい surf, ran the boat up on the beach.

Next morning, 17th September, they dragged the boat across and 開始する，打ち上げるd it in the Goolwa channel hoping to run out to sea through the mouth from inside. They tried the passage, but failed, and Sturt landed on the eastern point, Barker's Knoll.

On the 18th the sea was too 激しい for a fresh 試みる／企てる, and Sturt spent the day taking soundings and bearings and 診察するing Hind-沼 Island. Another 試みる／企てる to run the channel was made on 19th September, but failed, and they 辛うじて escaped 存在 押し寄せる／沼地d.

On 21st September they made the final 試みる／企てる without any more success, and gave up, Sturt returning to Adelaide on 22nd September.

He 報告（する）／憶測d to Stephen, 明言する／公表するing that while, doubtless, the passage could be 影響d both ways, it could only be in 静める 天候 during a long prevalence of north-east 勝利，勝つd: that while steamers could travel on the lake and up the Murray as far as the North-West Bend, every thinking and 用心深い 船員 would support him that 遭遇（する） Bay and the 地域 of the Murray mouth was 危険な for 大型船s.

He did point out that there was 平易な land communication between Goolwa and 勝利者 Harbour, where a breakwater could be built. His judgment was sound, and stands to-day.

The Southern Australian of 29th September, 1838, commented that Sturt had at last settled the question of a 安全な harbour at 遭遇（する） Bay and a navigable 入り口 into Lake Alexandrina, and, after 攻撃するing at those who had favoured the 除去 of the 資本／首都, 追加するd:

"Every 成果／努力 has been made to 設立する as a truth what Captain Sturt has at last 事実上 宣言するd to be a falsehood."

Once again his 徹底的な methods of 診察するing all 面s of a problem had placed a 論争d point beyond その上の discussion. As a result of this 決定／判定勝ち（する） 行政 became more 安定させるd, and land values in Adelaide began to rise.

Sturt then spent from 26th to 30th September 診察するing the country along the 湾 north of Adelaide and discovered Port Gawler. He also made 推薦s for the 改良 of Port Adelaide. His 報告（する）／憶測s on the 陸路の 大勝する along the Murray, the Murray mouth, and Port Adelaide, were all 今後d by Stephen to the 植民地の Office.

On 12th October, 1838, 知事 Gawler arrived and assumed office. Sturt met him and talked with him about 条件s in South Australia: these 会談 could not have been 長引かせるd as Sturt joined the ship "Hope" at 遭遇（する） Bay on 16th October and arrived in Sydney on 30th October to learn of the birth of his second son (22nd September) and the serious illness of his eldest son.

One more fact remains to be について言及するd. It was during this visit that Sturt bought the land in the locality known as the Reed Beds on Port Adelaide River, on which, later, his house "Grange" was to be built.

What moved him to buy land on the Reed Beds, with the reed beds of the Macquarie, the Lachlan, and the Murray so 最近の and so unhappy a memory? to buy land 支配する to flooding like the reed beds of those other rivers?

Was it a puckish thumbing of the nose at 運命／宿命, or just that it had a pleasant frontage to a pretty river? What moved him to buy land at all? Had he, even then, decided to return; was it a blind 憶測 in 未来 happiness, or just 憶測 in land?

CHAPTER VIII - The Period of 知事 Gawler

On 27th February, 1839, Sturt, having sold his 所有物／資産／財産 in New South むちの跡s* 乗る，着手するd with his family on the schooner "John Pirie" for South Australia to assume the position of Surveyor-General: they arrived at Adelaide on 2nd April. As he passed through a very unhappy period in South Australia it is necessary to 診察する each 開発 as it occurred. [8-2] 文書s are 利用できる which tell the story; a 記念の 今後d by Sturt in 1843 through 知事 Grey to the Commissioners of the 財務省 in England, Grey's comments on this 記念の, and a memorandum by the Commissioners of the 植民地の Land and 移住 Office setting out the history of the 親族 事柄s from the 記録，記録的な／記録するs in their office. These are all authentic and 公式の／役人 文書s, and are 十分な and 許容できる 証拠 of the facts as they appeared to each of the parties 関心d.

(* He had sold his Mittagong 所有物／資産／財産 in January, 1838, his Ginnindera 所有物／資産／財産 on 26th February, 1838, both of these before his 陸路の trip to Adelaide. His Varroville 所有物／資産／財産 he sold to Gilchrist and 議会s on 25th February, 1839. Had he remained in New South むちの跡s and 保持するd the 所有物／資産／財産s, he would have become a 豊富な pastoralist: evidently South Australia, even with its uncertain 未来, attracted him more than the prospect of wealth.)

[8-1 See 言及／関連s 6 and 7 in the previous 一時期／支部. (公式文書，認める: the point in the text for this 言及／関連 could not be 設立する.)]

[8-2 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London. C.O. 13/31.]

[8-3] Also are 利用できる 私的な letters written by Sturt to Darling, then living retired in England. Before discussing these 開発s in 詳細（に述べる） it is necessary to give a 簡潔な／要約する 声明 of the general 行政の 支配（する）／統制する of the 植民地.

[8-3 Sturt papers.]

The 植民地の Office had ultimate 当局 and 任命するd the 知事; the Commissioners had 独立した・無所属 当局 under the 法令 creating them, and also had 委任する／代表d 当局 from the 植民地の Office; they 任命するd a 地元の 代表者／国会議員 in South Australia--the 居住（者） Commissioner; the South Australian Company also had a 地元の 代表者／国会議員.

In 新規加入 to these the 財務省 in London had the last word in all 財政上の 事柄s.

[8-4] The 状況／情勢 has been 井戸／弁護士席 要約するd by Mills:

[8-4 Mills: The 植民地化 of Australia. p.233.]

"The Commissioners had to 供給する 基金s by 貸付金s for a 政府 for which they were not responsible, and the 知事, who was responsible alone to the 植民地の Office, had to depend for his 供給者s on the Commissioners.

"当局 was divided in two ways; first the 知事 was controlled 直接／まっすぐに by the 植民地の Office in the normal way, and also 間接に by the Commissioners' 支配（する）／統制する of 供給（する）s; next, in the 植民地, the 処分 of land was in the 手渡すs of a 居住（者） Commissioner responsible to the Commissioners alone, and with the 演習 of his 義務s the 知事 could not 干渉する.

"Moreover, no 準備／条項 was made for any 地元の 支配（する）／統制する over 支出."

混乱 and mismanagement led to the 解任する of Hindmarsh, and, with Gawler's 任命, the two offices of 知事 and 居住（者） Commissioner were 部隊d in the one （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, so that Gawler, in his 選び出す／独身 person, was, as 知事, responsible to and 直接／まっすぐに controlled by the 植民地の Office; and, as 居住（者） Commissioner, responsible to the Commissioners upon whom he was 扶養家族 for the 基金s necessary to carry on the 植民地の 政府.

The Commissioners gave Gawler very 十分な 当局 to 背負い込む special or 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の expenses in 事例／患者s of "most 圧力（をかける）ing 緊急," and 追加するd: [8-5] "The Commissioners 保証する you that it is their wish by every means in their 力／強力にする to support and 強化する your 当局, and to 扱う／治療する with the most favourable consideration such deviations from your 指示／教授／教育s as you may think it your 義務 to make."

[8-5 Price: 創立者s and 開拓するs of South Australia. p.146.]

Gawler 設立する on his arrival that the quarrels between さまざまな sections under Hindmarsh's 行政 had produced stagnation and 大混乱. Land 憶測, and the very backward 明言する／公表する of the land 調査するs 原因（となる）d by these quarrels and by Light's 辞職, 追加するd 大いに to this 混乱.

[8-6] Before Gawler's arrival Stephen had 申し込む／申し出d Sturt the position of 植民地の 長官; this Sturt 辞退するd, not knowing whether Gawler would 確認する the 任命. It is 井戸／弁護士席 to 公式文書，認める the に引き続いて dates: Sturt left Sydney on 27th February, and arrived in Adelaide on 2nd April, 1839.

[8-6 Life. p.155.]

But the South Australian Gazette of 2nd February, 1839, had 通知するd that: "His Excellency the 知事 has been pleased to 任命する Charles Sturt, Esquire, J.P., Surveyor-General of the 州 in the room of William Light, Esquire, 辞職するd, until Her Majesty's 楽しみ be known."

It is obvious that there had been time for a communication to go from Gawler in Adelaide to Sturt in Sydney and for a reply from Sturt to have arrived in Adelaide.

[8-7] A letter had been sent by Gawler on 8th November, 1838, 申し込む／申し出ing the 地位，任命する to Sturt.

[8-7 Life. p.179.]

[8-8] But there is even earlier 証拠; Stephen had written to Sturt on 25th October, 1838, asking him to （問題を）取り上げる his 義務s, as Surveyor-General, as quickly as possible.

[8-8 Archiv. S.A.]

There seems, therefore, little 疑問 that, as Sturt had left Adelaide on 16th October, the position had been 申し込む／申し出d and, at least 試験的に, 受託するd while Sturt was in Adelaide, and after Gawler's arrival.

Later it became important to 決定する whether Gawler had 当局 to make this 任命.

It would seem reasonable to assume that the general 当局 already 引用するd was ample to cover such an 任命.

But there was, additionally, the に引き続いて 当局:

"The Commissioners do hereby place in your 手渡すs the fullest and most ample 力／強力にするs to 再編成する the 調査するing staff in whatever manner and to whatever extent may appear to you most expedient ーするために （判決などを）下す it efficient and to 治療（薬）...the interruption and 延期する which these 辞職s have occasioned."

Sturt, therefore, was 任命するd as Surveyor-General at a salary of &続けざまに猛撃する;600 per 年 with A seat on the 会議. This 会議, variously 述べるd as "会議," "会議 of 政府," "(n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議," "(n)役員／(a)執行力のある and 法律を制定する 会議," was a 指名された人 団体／死体, and the only 当局 other than the 知事. Its 当局 was very 限られた／立憲的な.

Sturt continued to 占領する this position until, suddenly, Lieut. Frome arrived on 18th September, 1839, having been 任命するd as Surveyor-General by the Commissioners in England without 言及／関連 to Gawler. When, in his 記念の of 1843, Sturt referred to the 不正 thus done to him, he said:

"陸軍大佐 Gawler made your memorialist 熟知させるd with his 指示／教授／教育s and the 当局 on which he was 訴訟／進行 to 再編成する the 調査する Department, which left no 疑問 either in your memorialist's mind, or of the friends with whom he 協議するd, of the 力／強力にする given to 安全な・保証する the services of a competent officer and to 任命する him 永久的に Surveyor-General 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 on the 是認 of Her Majesty's 政府."

He was here referring to the 明確な／細部 当局 引用するd above, and he 追加するd:

"What I did 受託する was wholly disproportionate to the sacrifices I was called upon to make and to the 義務s 要求するd of me, nor would I have 受託するd office as I did if I had not 結論するd that it would be 永久の and would afford me that 階級 and consideration to which I consider I am する権利を与えるd by birth and by my past and 現在の services."

The Commissioners in their comments (which were made four years after the events to which they 関係のある) pointed out that the 当局 to which Sturt referred and upon which he 大部分は based his 事例／患者, was 時代遅れの in London, 2nd December, 1838, and could not have been known to Sturt when he 受託するd the 任命: 現実に the letter could not have arrived in Adelaide till 井戸／弁護士席 after Sturt's arrival. The Commissioners sum up the position thus:

"Captain Sturt 観察するs in his 記念の to the 財務省 that he was 影響（力）d by the perusal of the Commissioners' communications to 陸軍大佐 Gawler, which appeared to him to 含む／封じ込める ample 当局 for his 任命.

"We are bound, therefore, to point out that the 任命 cannot be said to have proceeded on that 当局.

"For so far 支援する as the 26th of October, 1838, long before the letter was even written in England, 陸軍大佐 Gawler had について言及するd that he had 推論する／理由 to believe that Captain Sturt would be 'gratified with the office'. And on the 14th March, 1839, he distinctly 通知するd Captain Sturt's 受託 of it; yet it was not till the 29th of March that Captain Sturt appears to have arrived in South Australia, and it seems that it was subsequently to reaching the 植民地 that Captain Sturt was shown the letter in question from the Commissioners."

One 声明 in this comment is 利益／興味ing; it shows that Gawler was able to say, on 26th October, that Sturt would be gratified with the position. Sturt was then at sea on his way from Adelaide to Sydney--so that this impression must have been 伸び（る）d during 会談 with Sturt in Adelaide. The Commissioners then said:

"If 陸軍大佐 Gawler made any other than a 一時的に 任命 before the 領収書 of special 当局 from Home, he 明確に 越えるd his 力／強力にするs. It need scarcely be said that the patronage of the higher offices of 政府 was never 委任する／代表d to the 居住（者） Commissioner. 陸軍大佐 Gawler's general 指示／教授／教育s expressly （判決などを）下す all 任命s by him 支配する to 改正 in this country. If the 任命 of Captain Sturt is understood as 残り／休憩（する）ing on the Commissioners' letters of 2nd December, 1838, we have to 明言する／公表する that 陸軍大佐 Gawler's 力／強力にする under it was 厳密に 限られた／立憲的な to 一時的な 目的s.

"We are 強いるd to 結論する that neither 陸軍大佐 Gawler was する権利を与えるd to 会談する nor Captain Sturt to 推定する／予想する any other than a 一時的に 任命."*

(* See also 虫垂 D, 公式文書，認める 6.)

The Commissioners 結論するd that, under the unfortunate circumstances, they had 権限を与えるd the 支払い（額） of &続けざまに猛撃する;600 for one year from Sturt's arrival in Adelaide.

That is the story of a most unhappy 出来事/事件. There is no 推論する／理由 to 疑問 Gawler's 誠実: he must have believed that he had the 当局 necessary to make the 任命. The 冷淡な-血d review of the papers four years later takes no account of the atmosphere in the Commissioners' office in 1838, or the 言葉の 指示／教授／教育s Gawler had on 出発. Sturt had had no, experience of this, one of the commonest 落し穴s in 公式の／役人 life, 特に in civil service.

Another factor must not be overlooked: in the letter covering the 記念の of 1843 Sturt, 演説（する）／住所ing the 国務長官 for the 植民地s, said:

"It may be, my Lord, that as its discoverer, I was unconsciously 影響（力）d in favour of the 州, and 産する／生じるd too readily to the 申し込む／申し出 made by 陸軍大佐 Gawler, but this, I would respectfully 勧める, should not be held against me."

By 心配するing a little, the story of his 公式の／役人 position during 1839 has been told: some 詳細（に述べる）s of his activities during that year are known. His 任命 did not escape 批評.

The Southern Australian, the "対立" newspaper, in its 問題／発行する of 3rd April, 1839, regretted that they could not 申し込む／申し出 him the same welcome as they had given him on his first visit--he had returned as a 政治家，政治屋, a position which, they thought, he could never gracefully fill.

The Gazette (6th April, 1839), the 政府 組織／臓器, in reply, thought that if anybody might have escaped, this 乱用 Sturt would have been the man.

やめる unknown to Sturt, then or at any time later, P. P. King in Sydney wrote (3rd February, 1839) to Mitchell, then in London:

[8-9] "Sturt has just been 任命するd Surveyor-General of South Australia, and is selling all his 所有物／資産／財産 to go there--that's what may be 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d a humbug humbugged--and how the Company could be humbugged by him I cannot find out.

"I am glad you have not noticed Sturt in the 調書をとる／予約する*; you had abundant 原因（となる）: but your silence will be felt more than any vituperation or 発言／述べるs."

[8-9 Mit. Lib. A.292. p.552.]

(* 推定では Three 探検隊／遠征隊s into the 内部の of Eastern Australia.)

In 見解（をとる） of the letters Sturt, later, wrote to King (see p. 110) the 憶測 arises whether it is, or is not, better to know what others are thinking or 令状ing.

During his year of office as Surveyor-General Sturt was very busy 再編成するing the 調査する Department, and the best 指示，表示する物 of his success is the fact that the staff, on his 退職 from that Department, 現在のd him with a very handsome silver vase*, which is still in the 所有／入手 of Sturt's grandson.[8-10] An 利益／興味ing 出来事/事件 is that, on 7th August, 1839, he sent out 指示／教授／教育s that, as, 借りがあるing to the want of proper fresh 準備／条項s, scurvy had occurred in several of the 調査する parties, he had 購入（する）d a flock of wethers, and these would be sent 今後 from time to time to the different parties in the field. 十分な 指示／教授／教育s were given as to the careful 重さを計るing of each carcase, and the 問題／発行するing of proper rations so that there should be no waste. It should be 公式文書，認めるd that there was never, at any time, 摩擦 between Frome and Sturt.

(* See 虫垂 D, 公式文書，認める 7.)

[8-10 Hawker: 早期に Experiences in South Australia. pp.39-47.]

During 1839 いつか Sturt 配達するd a public 演説（する）／住所 in which he 勧めるd all who could to get out on to the land and develop it: he 強調する／ストレスd the need for 自然保護 of water, and 予報するd that 価値のある deposits of the richer 鉱石s would be 設立する in the 範囲s to the north.

Of his 私的な life there is little （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）. His wife wrote (20th April, 1839) to a friend:

[8-11] "We are 全く houseless, although we had been 保証するd that a cottage would be 利用できる on our arrival. I have no 援助 from my good hubby, for as usual he is truant-like and gone on a 調査する 探検隊／遠征隊 with the 知事...which by the way he could not 避ける, as the 調査する Department is in such a 明言する／公表する of disorder that his 即座の 出席 to his 義務s was 要求するd or he would not have left me to struggle alone."

[8-11 Archiv. S.A. A.713. B.2.]

Their first home in Adelaide was on East Terrace: from the 利用できる 証拠 it may reasonably be 受託するd that the house was on Town Acre 288 at the corner of East Terrace and Wakefield Street. Here, in 1840, the third son was born.

[8-12] At this time Sturt received a second visit from Gould, the 当局 on birds: he took Gould with him on one of his 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊s, and helped him to outfit for a collecting 旅行 to the Murray. In November, 1839, Gawler and Sturt, with Gawler's sister, Sturt's wife, three friends, and two attendants, 始める，決める out with the 目的 of 乗る，着手するing 近づく Goolwa, 訴訟／進行 up the river to the North-West Bend, and thence returning 陸路の to Adelaide. They reached the Bend without 事故. From this point Gawler, Sturt, Inman, Craig and Bryan (a young man staying with the Gawlers) 始める，決める out to 調査する the country to the north-west, making に向かって a distant mountain which Gawler 指名するd Mt. Bryan, in honour of his young friend.

[8-12 Chisholm: Strange New World. p.39.]

It was 中央の-summer and their water 供給（する） was 不十分な, much having 漏れるd at the first night's （軍の）野営地，陣営. 災害 overtook the party on their 軍隊d march 支援する to the river, Gawler having a 狭くする escape. Bryan wandered off into the bush, and was never 設立する. The party returned to Adelaide on 28th December, relieving かなりの public 苦悩 as to their 運命／宿命.

The year 1840 passed without particular 出来事/事件, except for the change in Sturt's position に引き続いて Frome's arrival.

It has here to be 公式文書，認めるd that Gawler, in 申し込む／申し出ing Sturt &続けざまに猛撃する;600 per 年, had 明言する／公表するd that he would recommend that 量, but that 未解決の 確定／確認 from England he could not 支払う／賃金 more than &続けざまに猛撃する;500 per 年. As 明言する／公表するd above, the &続けざまに猛撃する;600 salary was 最終的に 認可するd, and the "支援する 支払う／賃金" was made up--so that Sturt received &続けざまに猛撃する;600 up to 2nd October, 1839,* when he was 任命するd [8-13] Assistant Commissioner of Lands at a salary of &続けざまに猛撃する;500 per 年. In 新規加入 to this salary he was 許すd forage for two horses--the value of which brought the total value of his emoluments up to more than &続けざまに猛撃する;600 per 年. Captain Grey had visited Adelaide in March, 1840, slowly 回復するing from the hardships of his 探検s of the "north-west" of Australia: he was the guest of 陸軍大佐 Gawler for a short time before returning to England.

(* The date on which Frome assumed 義務.)

[8-13 Archiv. S.A. A.299. B.3: A.230. B.3.]

Sturt 明言する／公表するs that during this period Gawler three times 申し込む／申し出d him the position of 植民地の 長官, Gouger 存在 then ill.[8-14] Sturt 辞退するd, as he thought Gouger deserved 井戸／弁護士席 of the 州 [8-15] and should be given time for 回復.

[8-14 Sturt papers: Letters to Darling, 25th Jan., 1843.]

[8-15 South Australian 登録（する）, 27th June, 1840.]

He was also, in 1840, 申し込む／申し出d the position of 経営者／支配人 for the South Australian Company: this he 辞退するd. Gawler's lavish 支出, 特に on the 維持／整備 of 移民，移住（する）s, from public 基金s had produced a reaction against him in England, and he was 解任するd. When this was first known in Adelaide, in April, 1841, the colonists asked Sturt to 表明する on their に代わって the 全世界の／万国共通の 尊敬（する）・点 felt for 陸軍大佐 Gawler, and in 事例／患者 that the 知事 should be finally 解任するd to 勧める his own （人命などを）奪う，主張するs to 後継する him.

Accordingly, Sturt, on 30th April, 1841, 演説（する）／住所d, with Gawler's 十分な 是認, a 記念の to Lord John Russell.

After 明言する／公表するing that he had, 本人自身で, no feelings but those of friendship and esteem for Grey, whom he had met "as man of 類似の habits and 追跡s せねばならない 会合，会う," he calls attention to the 当惑 to older and more experienced officers which Grey's 任命 would 原因（となる）. After その上の discussing the 公式の／役人 面s he speaks of his personal 利益／興味s. Referring first to the losses incurred in 受託するing Gawler's 申し込む／申し出 of the Surveyor-General's 地位，任命する, his その後の supersession, and 引用するing 証拠 that he 所有するs the 信用／信任 of the 国民s, he 結論するd:

[8-16] I may without presumption 保証する Your Lordship that, in the event of the loss of their 現在の 知事, the Colonists would あられ／賞賛する with 信用／信任 and satisfaction my 任命 as his 後継者.

[8-16 Life. p.204.]

"I take the liberty of candidly 明言する／公表するing my feeling that if an individual of ordinary 階級 is to fill this 地位，任命する, no one has greater （人命などを）奪う，主張するs than myself.

"The 任命 of Captain Grey, an officer much my junior in years and of いっそう少なく experience, would place me as subordinate to him in a 状況／情勢 which I could not but feel embarrassing and humiliating...Although I have 圧力（をかける）d my （人命などを）奪う，主張するs, I would 保証する Your Lordship that Captain Grey, in the event of his arrival, shall receive my best 援助."

But this letter had hardly left Adelaide when Grey arrived (15th May, 1841) and 布告するd himself 知事.

CHAPTER IX - The Period of 知事 Grey

[9-1] Soon after his arrival Grey 明言する／公表するd that he did not feel 正当化するd in 支払う／賃金ing to Sturt a higher salary than the &続けざまに猛撃する;400 per 年 which the Commissioners in their 指示／教授／教育s had 明言する／公表するd was the salary which they had 権限を与えるd to be paid to Sturt as Assistant Commissioner and Registrar. Grey 設立する that the office of Assistant Commissioner was wholly unnecessary, and as no 登録 行為／法令／行動する had passed the 会議, there was no 義務 for a Registrar-General, so he 廃止するd that position. Grey was not, however, so unfeeling as the above would 示唆する:

[9-1 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London. C.O. 13/31: 13/35.]

[9-2] Within two months after his arrival he placed before the 法律を制定する 会議 (24th July, 1841) *his 財政／金融 minute and 見積（る）s of 支出 for 1842. In those 見積（る）s he made 準備／条項 for a salary of &続けざまに猛撃する;600 for Sturt as Assistant Commissioner, placing upon him the 義務 of controlling the 監督 of pauper migrants whose numbers had become 過度の.

[9-2 Minutes of 会議, 24th July, 1841.]

"Whilst it is necessary not to 苦しむ actual destitution to 存在する, which would only result in 運動ing from the 州 labourers whose service will, before long, be 不十分な to the 需要・要求する; it is also requisite to guard against 課税, indolence, and combinations to raise unduly the price of 労働.

"These ends can only be 得るd by giving, to some extent, discretionary 力／強力にするs to an officer of 階級, on whose judgment I can rely."

In thus 供給するing &続けざまに猛撃する;600 per 年 for Sturt, Grey was careful to advise him that this salary might not be 許可／制裁d by the 当局 in England.

Sturt, however, did receive &続けざまに猛撃する;600 per 年 all through 1842: having been on a salary of &続けざまに猛撃する;400 推定では from May to December, 1841.

[9-3] Sturt 明言する／公表するd in a letter to General Darling that Grey twice 申し込む／申し出d him the position of 植民地の 長官, and when Sturt 受託するd it, and the 事柄 was 明らかに decided, Grey sent for him and told him that the position would probably 負傷させる his 見通し and that someone else would be approached.

[9-3 Sturt papers. Letter to Darling, 25th Jan., 1843.]

As soon as a 登録 行為／法令／行動する had been passed Grey 任命するd him Registrar-General, and he 中止するd to be Assistant Commissioner. So 事柄s 残り／休憩（する）d throughout 1842.

[9-4] In the 合間 Sturt had built his house "Grange" on the Reed Bed 所有物／資産／財産, the house 存在 on Section 901. The house was built in either 1840 or 1841; and Sturt became busy with his garden, 令状ing to England and to his brother in India to send him seeds of all 肉親，親類d, even indigo and cotton.

[9-4 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Surveyor-General, S.A.]

His fourth child, a girl, was born at Grange, and at her christening Eyre was one of the sponsors.

During this period Sturt 棒 into Adelaide every day and was exceptionally busy in all 肉親，親類d of public 事件／事情／状勢s. He was Chairman of the （法廷の）裁判 of 治安判事s, and took an active part in the 昇進／宣伝 of all 農業の 事柄s: and he was 大部分は 責任がある the 設立 at Moorundi on the Murray of a police 軍隊 under Eyre as Protector of Aborigines

令状ing to his brother William on 9th April, 1842, he spoke of the 苦しめる in the 植民地 予定 to over-憶測, he spoke of his home 近づく the sea which had cost too much, of his cottage at East Terrace which was still unsold, and he ended: "I shall probably never return to England, nor should I now like English 霜 and snow."

In July, 1841, Sturt, as Trustee of Trinity Church, 定評のある a 寄付 of &続けざまに猛撃する;20 to church 基金s by 知事 Grey.

事柄s went along 静かに until January, 1843, when a 最高潮 occurred. Grey received a reply from England on 21st December 1842, in which, far from 認可するing Grey's 提案 to 支払う／賃金 &続けざまに猛撃する;600 per 年, he was directed to 廃止する the position of Assistant Commissioner. This he did, leaving Sturt only the position of Registrar-General, to which Grey 大（公）使館員d the salary of &続けざまに猛撃する;400 per 年.

Sturt was moved すぐに to 準備する a 記念の to the Lords of the 財務省 setting out in 十分な the capricious 治療 he had received as it has been 要約するd above, and asking that they would 回復する his salary to the &続けざまに猛撃する;600 level, or, if that could not be 認めるd, that the 通貨の sacrifices he had incurred should be to some degree made good. He pointed out that he had had a かなり 所有物／資産／財産 in New South むちの跡s, that he did not 捜し出す any position in South Australia, and would never have 受託するd a salary of &続けざまに猛撃する;400 if it had been 申し込む／申し出d to him: although he would have been やめる willing to help Gawler 一時的に.

This 記念の was covered by a letter to the 国務長官 for the 植民地s (13th January, 1843) asking for that 大臣's support in the 控訴，上告 which he had 演説（する）／住所d to the 財務省, but 追加するd:

"If the 祈り of that 記念の cannot be （許可，名誉などを）与えるd to me I would entreat of your Lordship to 除去する me to some other 植民地 and to some office more in unison with my past 雇用, or to move my Lords to make good to me the sacrifices I have made and I will return to New South むちの跡s.

"I do not, my Lord, feel that I have deserved 罰 at the 手渡すs of Her Majesty's 政府, nor can I think your Lordship will 許す such to be; I would disdain to 圧力（をかける） any inconsistent （人命などを）奪う，主張する upon your Lordship's attention.

"I have through life sacrificed my best 利益／興味s to a 不本意 to 適用する even for that which would in all probability have been readily （許可，名誉などを）与えるd to me."

These two 文書s were 今後d to Grey through /風の強い, the 植民地の 長官: in the covering 公式文書，認める asking that the 文書s be 今後d, Sturt (14th January) 明言する／公表するd that he had no 代案／選択肢 but to 受託する the position of Registrar-General at &続けざまに猛撃する;400 per 年: but he pointed out that he could not, on that salary, support the 基準 of living necessary to a member of the 会議, and returned his （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 as a member; although he would, if the 知事 wished, continue to sit on the 会議. He 結論するd this letter:

"Taking all the circumstances …に出席するing my 住居 in this 州 into consideration I 'cannot but 表明する my 深い 悔いる that I ever landed on its shores."

This was 今後d by Grey to Stanley on 28th January, 1843, and referred by Stanley, 国務長官 for the 植民地s, to the Commissioners of 植民地の Land and 移住, who replied, reciting events in the sense that has been given above: they 追加するd that while 現実に Sturt had not received いっそう少なく than was 合法的に 予定 to him, they readily 認める that he must have felt disappointed in the 早期に loss of his first 状況／情勢 in South Australia, and that there had been something 悩ますing though 避けられない in the さまざまな 連続する changes of his その後の 任命s, and that, in the end, he had fallen into a place below the pretentions of an officer of his 階級 and 評判, and 結論するd:

"While therefore we cannot 報告（する）／憶測 that we consider him する権利を与えるd to 補償（金）, we can only, on the other 手渡す, leave to Lord Stanley's indulgent consideration the 嘆願（書） which Captain Sturt prefers, that His Lordship will take some 適切な時期 of affording him 昇進／宣伝 in another 植民地."

Stanley sent these papers on to Grey (12th October, 1843) with a short 公式文書，認める, which 結論するd:

"I agree with the Land and 移住 Commissioners in their 見解（をとる） of the （人命などを）奪う，主張するs of Captain Sturt to 補償（金）. You will, therefore, 熟知させる Captain Sturt that I am unable to accede to his 使用／適用."

There is, here, no 言及／関連 to 昇進／宣伝 in another 植民地, but it has to be remembered that Stanley, had before him at this time Studs 申し込む／申し出 to 調査する the whole continent, and may have considered this the easier 代案／選択肢.

A long 延期する of nine months from the time Sturt 宿泊するd his 記念の with the 知事 to the 決定／判定勝ち（する） given by 国務長官, Stanley. Sturt could not know of his 決定／判定勝ち（する） before the に引き続いて April: he would have realized that this was so.

It is not, in all the circumstances, surprising that while making his 抗議する in January, 1843, he thought also of other 可能性s. From さまざまな letters written at the time his thoughts and feelings can be imagined.

He had not been able to sell his cottage in East Terrace, and had mortgaged his house at Grange; he had three sons to educate, the eldest of whom was now in his seventh year; he was in his forty-eighth year, and he could not 直面する the 未来 on &続けざまに猛撃する;400 a year.

"I would 喜んで retire from public life, but I cannot, I have played my cards 不正に. If I had but &続けざまに猛撃する;300 a year I would retire from the hateful scenes and thankless exertions of public life."

Apart from his personal worries he could see little prospect of 改良 in the fortunes of the 植民地. Conceived as a 理論家's dream, 養育するd by inexperienced 公式の／役人s, and directed by an 独裁的な 知事 with rigid efficiency, its economy was still 大混乱／混沌とした. As if this, 地元で, were not enough, it was 支配する to the very remote but tight 支配（する）／統制する of the 当局 in England during a 混乱させるd period when 植民地の 行政 was in a 行う／開催する／段階 of 早い 進化, of which Sturt wrote:

"A beautiful place and 気候, a loyal and industrious people, Nature bountiful, but the Mother Country inexorable. 井戸／弁護士席! it is the 原則 to 削減（する） 早期に the cords of affection which 貯蔵所d the young 植民地 to its parent: the 政策 of England has ever been to 疎遠にする the affections of her dependencies."

And Carlyle, seven years later, 1850, wrote:

[9-5] "Every 植民地, every スパイ／執行官 for a 事柄 植民地の, has his 悲劇の tale to tell you of his sad experiences in the 植民地の Office; what blind obstructions, 致命的な indolences, pedantries, stupidities, on the 権利 and on the left, he had to do 戦う／戦い with."

[9-5 Carlyle: Latter Day 小冊子s III.]

In all these troubles Sturt had the uncomfortable knowledge that Mitchell, four years earlier, had been knighted, and given a D.C.L. degree by Oxford University. Eyre's long 旅行s of 探検, too, were still 最近の events. He turned again to the one field in which he had distinguished himself and felt, as he had done in 1827, that if he again 後継するd in an 企業 of 探検 he would "earn some credit."

So he 用意が出来ている a 詳細（に述べる）d 提案 for an 探検隊／遠征隊 into the 内部の of Australia, and sent it off to Darling in England, asking him to place it before Stanley: as he said he thought this might be one way by which he could 勃発する of his troubles.*

(* See 虫垂 D, 公式文書，認める 8.)

"I would make an 成果／努力 to do that which 追加するd to what I have already done would する権利を与える me to the greater consideration of Her Majesty's 政府."

The mystery of the Centre, and the glitter of the "inland sea" were still nagging at his mind.

令状ing to Lady Darling at the same time as he wrote to Darling, he said:6

[9-6] "I should like to put the finishing 一打／打撃 to the career I began in New South むちの跡s by 広げるing the secrets of the 内部の, and 工場／植物ing the ensign of my country in the centre of this mysterious 地域: truly it is an 反対する worthy to 危険，危なくする one's life for: I have had a presentiment on my mind for years, that the 仕事 of 調査するing central Australia would be 地雷, and we are often unconscious 器具s ourselves for the fulfilment of our allotted 運命s. So strong has this feeling been upon my mind that I did not for a moment 推定する／予想する that Mr. Eyre would 後継する in 伸び（る）ing the centre when he undertook his last fearful 旅行."

[9-6 Sturt papers.]

Now began the long period of waiting. These letters were sent off in January, 1843: no reply could be 推定する／予想するd before, at the earliest, November. 現実に the replies were not received until May, 1844--fifteen months of anxious waiting.

During those fifteen months the relations between Grey and Sturt were not happy.

[9-7] One 出来事/事件, which is the only 記録，記録的な／記録するd occasion on which Sturt made a slip in his 公式の／役人 career, 原因（となる）d some 摩擦 between himself and the 知事. It seems that Sturt wrote a letter to a 会社／堅い of building 請負業者s: this letter 含む／封じ込めるd 表現s or 声明s "which were very loose, and 申し込む／申し出d the 対抗者s of 政府 means, of which they have made use, to 試みる／企てる to cast discredit on the line 追求するd by the 政府."

[9-7 Archiv. S.A. 895, No. 356. 787/1844/126, 127, 130.]

Had Sturt been a 政治家，政治屋, or a more experienced public servant, he would have been more careful about 令状ing that letter.

As it was, he had to defend himself before the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議, and 収容する／認める his mistake. This particular 事柄 was a very 長引いた 事件／事情／状勢 in which Sturt's part was only incidental. But for his 極度の慎重さを要する mind it was very unpleasant. It was still 活発に under attention when he left on his 探検隊／遠征隊 in 1844, and was, even then, 乱すing his mind.

[9-8] Other 事柄s 示す the growing 緊張 between the two men. Grey wrote on one occasion that 当惑s had arisen from a too 平易な 方式 of 行為／行うing 商売／仕事 in the Registrar-General's Office, and asked that Sturt would for the 未来 be "rigidly strict" in 商売／仕事 処理／取引s.

[9-8 Archiv. S.A. 895, No. 356.]

[9-9] Sturt, during Gawler's 行政, had arranged for the engraving of 地図／計画するs of the new port. Grey 辞退するd to 扱う／治療する this 負債 as a separate item and 支配するd that it must be 含むd in the general debit 得点する／非難する／２０ of the 植民地. The correspondence continued over a long period, the final 問題／発行する not 存在 （疑いを）晴らす, but it is evident that the 出来事/事件 gave Sturt かなりの worry.

[9-9 Archiv. S.A. G.(1844), 186.]

[9-10] The 請負業者 for the building of the Adelaide Hospital took 合法的な 活動／戦闘 against Sturt and Gouger, as members of the Adelaide Hospital Board, for the 回復 of money 予定 under the 契約. The correspondence between Grey and Sturt about this 事柄 continued over a かなりの period. Sturt throughout 持続するd a dignified 態度, making it （疑いを）晴らす that he, 本人自身で, had had nothing to do with the 契約 for building the hospital. This correspondence ended with a letter (23rd January, 1844) from Grey to Sturt 保証するing him "you need not give yourself any 苦悩 over this 事柄." There were other 事柄s, but these 示す the general position. This is not the place to discuss その上の the 異常な 行政の 手はず／準備 under which Sturt had to work, or the 条件s surrounding Grey's 任命 as 知事. Whether Grey engineered Gawler's 解任する or not, he had a difficult 仕事. Whether he was unduly arrogant, domineering and 厳しい, or not, he 後継するd in his 仕事--helped by the 発見 of minerals and natural 農業の 進化.

[9-10 Archiv. S.A. A.(1844), 1480 et al.]

But, without discussing these 代案／選択肢s, it has to be 認めるd that Sturt 設立する himself beset with difficulties, and 直面するd with those 行政の problems and occasions 必然的な in all civil service, under 条件s 逆の to that 審議する／熟考する and 平和的な 解答 by personal discussion which is the daily 決まりきった仕事 of all normal civil service.

Sturt was unhappy. He wrote to Darling (25th January, 1843):

"I 占領する a position below what I have a 権利 to 推定する／予想する...I believe that Grey is jealous of my success and greater （人命などを）奪う，主張するs, but instead of 事実上の／代理 with generosity would lower me in the estimation of the community."

But it should be 公式文書，認めるd that soon after his return from the Central Australian 探検隊／遠征隊 Sturt wrote a long letter in the friendliest 条件 to Grey, who was then in New Zealand.

Sturt's 抑制 and dignity, even his admission of an 行為／法令／行動する of indiscretion, are, under these circumstances, honourable to himself, and gratifying to his admirers. It is good to know that his later years in Adelaide were happier.

In January, 1844, by which time replies could have been 推定する／予想するd to the 記念の and to his 計画（する） of 探検, Sturt 自然に began to 推測する on the 推論する／理由s for 延期する. He wrote to Darling on 5th March, 1844, 明言する／公表するing that he had had a letter from Stanley 説 that he was waiting to hear from Darling. Sturt went on to 詳細（に述べる） the 推論する／理由s he had imagined why there should have been 延期する; and said:

[9-11] "It would be better for me to run the 危険 of 許すing my bones to blanch in the 砂漠 than to remain where I am without any prospect of 未来 進歩: I may yet live to （不足などを）補う by personal exertion for the want of Fortune and may elevate myself to that position amongst my friends in England from which my 限られた／立憲的な means have hitherto kept me."

[9-11 Sturt papers.]

And he 追加するd the request that, if Stanley 拒絶する／低下するd his 提案 for an 探検隊／遠征隊, Darling should support his （人命などを）奪う，主張するs to the position of 植民地の Treasurer in South Australia. In this letter he 表明するd the belief that some very 罰金 country remained to be discovered in central Australia.

In April, 1844, he wrote to George Macleay that he was still を待つing Stanley's reply: but this, at last, （機の）カム in May, and Sturt was 知らせるd by Grey that the 探検隊／遠征隊 had been 認可するd. There was no word of 昇進／宣伝 to a 地位，任命する in another 植民地. The letter in May was, however, a 私的な letter to Grey from Stanley. 公式の／役人 advice was not received until July. Sturt now began the 準備s for his 旅行; his last 公式の／役人 行為／法令／行動する before his 出発 was to 宿泊する an 使用／適用 (15th August, 1844) the very day he left Adelaide on his long 旅行, that he might be considered for the position of 植民地の Treasurer should it 落ちる 空いている during his absence, Gouger 存在 then on leave on account of ill-health, his 条件 存在 such that there was a reasonable 期待 that the position could soon be 空いている.

Although this 探検隊／遠征隊 led by Sturt had now been 認可するd, it is appropriate, before 取引，協定ing in the next 一時期／支部 with the 探検隊／遠征隊 itself, to discuss some 関係のある 出来事/事件s.

Gipps, 知事 of New South むちの跡s, had written (7th December, 1843) to Stanley. In this despatch he 明言する／公表するd that in October, 1843, a 委員会 of the 法律を制定する 会議 had been 任命するd to enquire into the practicability of an 陸路の 大勝する to Port Essington. Gipps 追加するd that his 願望（する） to put in 手渡す an 探検隊／遠征隊 for this 目的 had been について言及するd in his despatch on 28th September, 1840, and 追加するd:

[9-12] "Not long after the 出版（物） of that despatch I received 提案s for the 請け負うing from Captain Stuart and Mr. Eyre, gentlemen already distinguished in the field of Australian 発見.

"Your Lordship will, however, perceive by the 証拠 of Sir Thomas Mitchell, that that officer not only considers the 事業／計画（する） a practicable one, but is himself ready to lead the 探検隊／遠征隊."

[9-12 H.R.A. XVIII 245.] [9-12 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London. C.O. 201/340.]

There was no "Stuart," Captain or other, at that time who could be called a distinguished explorer: there is little 疑問 that Sturt and Eyre had each made an 申し込む／申し出: "その上の light is thrown upon this by a letter written by Deas Thomson to E. J. Eyre (17th November, 1841). Eyre had written to 知事 Gipps 申し込む／申し出ing to 行為／行う an 探検隊／遠征隊 from Moreton Bay to Port Essington. Thomson replied that Gipps:

"will be happy to avail himself of your services...供給するd no 事前の （人命などを）奪う，主張する be preferred by Captain Sturt, with whom His Excellency has had some communication on the 支配する."

It is to be 公式文書，認めるd that Sturt made this 申し込む／申し出 in 1841, at a time which must have been very すぐに after Grey's arrival.

The far horizon was still calling;* and Mitchell was still himself. In 1844 Eyre must have written again to Gipps repeating his 提案 to lead an 探検隊／遠征隊 to Port Essington.

(*The 申し込む／申し出 made to Hay in 1834 should be remembered. See p. 69.)

Gipps wrote again to Stanley (24th October, 1844): after referring to Eyre's letter and to his own previous despatch, Gipps 結論するd:

[9-13] "Not having received an answer to that despatch, I 悔いる that I can at 現在の 追加する little to what is 含む／封じ込めるd in it, though I repeat that in the event of an 探検隊／遠征隊 存在 undertaken to Port Essington, I apprehend Sir Thomas Mitchell will （人命などを）奪う，主張する (as, indeed, he has already （人命などを）奪う，主張するd) the honour of 行為／行うing it.

"A small 私的な 探検隊／遠征隊 is now on the point of starting from Moreton Bay to Port Essington direct. Dr. Leichhardt is, I believe, a 内科医, a German by birth, and a man of かなりの 科学の attainments."

[9-13 H.R.A. XXIV. 50.]

It should be 公式文書，認めるd, for the sake of historical 正確, that Leichhardt was neither a 内科医 nor a man of 科学の attainments. There is still another 文書 of 利益／興味. Eyre wrote from Moorundi to Stanley, 時代遅れの 22nd August, 1844, to the 影響 that Grey had 知らせるd him that Stanley had 指名するd him, Eyre, to the 命令（する） of the 探検隊／遠征隊 if any circumstance had 妨げるd Sturt from taking part in it.* Eyre said he would be glad to 受託する if anything happened to Sturt, but rejoiced that Sturt was, himself, to lead the 探検隊／遠征隊. He continued:

(*Grey had been so 知らせるd 公式に from 負かす／撃墜するing Street in a letter 時代遅れの 22nd March, 1844 (Pub. Rec. Off. C.O. 201/340).)

[9-14] "I am unwillingly 軍隊d to the 有罪の判決 that the 広大な／多数の／重要な 集まり of the 内部の of New Holland consists of salt beds of 広範囲にわたる lakes, barren scrubs or 砂漠 sands. In 表明するing so 堅固に the opinion that I have, I am 井戸／弁護士席 aware that it is 全く at variance with that entertained by my friend on the same 支配する. With every deference for the opinion of so intelligent and experienced a traveller as Captain Sturt, I must 自白する that I cannot, after the most attentive consideration of the character and 形式 of this continent, see any data from which to infer either the 存在 of a 罰金 country in the 平行の of 23 degrees S. Lat. and north of Spencer's 湾, or of a 深い inland sea, west of the Darling in 28 degrees or 29 degrees S.

"My own personal experience leads me to やめる the contrary 結論; but the 探検隊／遠征隊 now in 進歩 under Captain Sturt will in a few months solve this question."

[9-14 H.R.A. XXIV. 51.]

If this letter is 正確に 時代遅れの, it was written by Eyre while Sturt was his guest at Moorundi on the first 行う／開催する／段階 of the outward 旅行 of his 広大な／多数の／重要な Central Australian 探検隊／遠征隊. Did these two men thrash out their differences in fruitless discussion, or were they courteously reserved?

[9-15] This is the place to 言及する to two other letters both written by Sturt to P. P. King. The first was written on 5th December, 1843, while he was still を待つing news from London; from it the に引き続いて 抽出するs are taken:

[9-15 Letters in the 所有／入手 of the late Dr. H. 0. Lethbridge, of Narrandera: copies kindly 供給（する）d by Mrs. Lethbridge.]

"You will, I imagine, 認める my 署名 with some 疑惑. I feel 保証するd that, if no personal regard 影響（力）d you, the topic I am about to touch would 十分に excuse me to you. I 観察する by the Sydney papers that a 委員会 has been engaged in enquiries as to an 陸路の 大勝する to Port Essington. The 結論s at which the 委員会 has arrived are in my judgment erroneous, and I think it is to be regretted that they did not 言及する to you and to Mr. Hume for better （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） than they would probably 得る from Sir Thomas Mitchell, whose opinion, I 保証する you, I 持つ／拘留する in the most 君主 contempt.

"I have written to Lord Stanley (申し込む／申し出ing to lead an 探検隊／遠征隊 to the 内部の): will you give me your opinion on these 事柄s and such suggestions as your 広大な／多数の／重要な knowledge of the Coast will enable you to make...(He then asks King to send him some seeds and 追加するs) I send you a few seeds of the best Portugal indigo from my brother."

The second letter was 時代遅れの 11th August, 1844, four days before he left Adelaide on this 探検隊／遠征隊. From this letter short 抽出するs are taken:

"I have 組織するd an 探検隊／遠征隊 which left Adelaide yesterday. The 反対する of Her Majesty's 政府 is to ascertain the supposed 存在 of a chain of hills running from N.E. to S.W. of the continent. I am directed to go 予定 north of 開始する Arden, and in order to 影響 this I must run to the eastward to 開始する Lyell and try to turn Lake Torrens to the west. If I cannot do this I shall run up the Darling and try 平行の movements at every thirty miles.

"I am told that if I am 軍隊d to the eastward so far I may proceed to Moreton Bay, so do not be surprised if one 罰金 day I pounce in upon you. Believe me with sincere regards. Your faithful and sincere friend."

The letter from King (see Ch 8: "Sturt has just been 任命するd...") to Mitchell on 3rd February, 1839, will be remembered. One その上の letter should be 記録，記録的な／記録するd. Frome had written to Grey on 21st June asking that he might lead the 探検隊／遠征隊 if Sturt could not, for any 推論する／理由, do so. Grey replied:

[9-16] "I consider Captain Frome's...申し込む／申し出 as 極端に creditable to himself--the imperfect 知識 which I at 現在の have regarding the 見解（をとる）s of the 政府 親族 to this 探検隊／遠征隊 妨げる me from doing more than 約束ing to put Captain Frome's 使用／適用 on 記録，記録的な／記録する."

[9-16 Archiv. S.A.]

This 一連の letters 供給する 利益／興味ing glimpses of five explorers--Sturt, Grey, King, Eyre and Frome.

Sturt, in putting 今後 his 提案s for this 探検隊／遠征隊, had submitted two ideas which were 相互に inconsistent; from the flight of 移住する birds he was 納得させるd that there was, somewhere in the centre of the continent, and north of Mt. Arden, a 罰金 country to which these birds went: on the other 手渡す, he held the opinion that the 内部の was 占領するd by a sea of greater or いっそう少なく extent, and very probably by large tracts of 砂漠 country. He felt that this problem should be settled.

Sturt had 利用できる the knowledge 伸び（る）d by Eyre who, travelling northwards from Adelaide along the western 直面する of the main 範囲, had, after 上がるing Mt. Serle and Mt. Hopeless, been stopped by Lake Torrens, which, in a 半分-circle from 近づく Spencer's 湾 一連の会議、交渉／完成する to the east of Mt. Hopeless, seemed to 妨げる その上の movement northward.

In his letter to Stanley (January, 1843) Sturt had 申し込む／申し出d to 調査する the whole continent.

[9-17] Some 抽出するs from the correspondence are of 利益／興味. Iii his 提案 to Stanley, sent through Darling, Sturt said:

[9-17 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London. C.O. 13/35.]

"My Lord, with &続けざまに猛撃する;4,000...and left to 組織する my own party, and to take the course which experience 保証するs me is the only one likely to be successful, I would engage, natural and unconquerable 障害s excepted, to 横断する the Australian continent from east to west and from north to south in two years."

The comment by Sir John Barrow was rather caustic:

"The 計画（する） 提案するd by Mr. Sturt appears to comprehend a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 more than he or any other human 存在 could by any 可能性 遂行する in two years, or in any number of years on one continued 探検隊／遠征隊."

Stanley decided to 認可する an 探検隊／遠征隊 of more 限られた／立憲的な 範囲, and his 指示／教授／教育s 関心ing the 探検隊／遠征隊 were based on a northerly course from Mt. Arden. But he 認めるd also the necessity for deciding whether there was about the 28th 平行の of latitude a watershed running north-east to south-west: and he 限られた／立憲的な the 範囲 of the 探検隊／遠征隊 to 決定するing the 存在 of such a watershed, 診察するing any rivers which rose in such mountains, and, 一般に, to ascertaining the nature of the country in that 地域.

Sturt was 許すd the 選択 of returning 経由で Moreton Bay if he was 軍隊d so far to the eastward as to make that an easier 大勝する than に引き続いて the Darling would be; but any 試みる／企てる to continue northwards to the mouths of the 広大な／多数の／重要な rivers in the 熱帯の 地域s was 絶対 禁じるd.

Sturt considered these 指示／教授／教育s but decided that, in 見解（をとる） of Eyre's experience, he was 正当化するd in discarding a 大勝する northwards from Mt. Arden, and decided to follow the Darling up to Laidley's Ponds,* the point at which Mitchell had left it in 1835.

(*Lakes Menindie and Cawndilla.)

On 31st July, Grey transmitted 公式の／役人 指示／教授／教育s to Sturt 関心ing the 探検隊／遠征隊. These 指示／教授／教育s 輪郭（を描く）d the 反対するs of the 探検隊／遠征隊 as 明言する／公表するd above, 教えるing Sturt that he was always to 保持する the south as his base; that an 量 of &続けざまに猛撃する;2,500 had been 認可するd; and that the 探検隊／遠征隊 was not ーするつもりであるd to last more than twelve months. The 指示／教授／教育s 結論するd:

"You have already been made so fully 熟知させるd with the 見解（をとる）s with which Her Majesty's 政府 have fitted out this 探検隊／遠征隊, and your past experience in the 行為／行う of 探検s in this country has been so 広大な／多数の／重要な, that any 詳細（に述べる）d 指示／教授／教育s regarding the 行為／行う of the 探検隊／遠征隊 would be superfluous, and the same 推論する／理由s （判決などを）下す it unnecessary to furnish you with any directions regarding geographical or 科学の 観察s."

All these 予選s 性質の／したい気がして of, a new episode in Sturt's life was about to begin; and, although he did not know it, his troubles in Adelaide were over; his life after his return was to be much easier.

When he arrived 支援する in Adelaide in February, 1846, Grey was no longer there.

CHAPTER X - The Central Australian 探検隊／遠征隊

A.--TO DEPOT GLEN

There was no 延期する in the 手はず／準備. The party was 組み立てる／集結するd, and consisted of:

Charles Sturt as Leader.
James Poole, assistant to Sturt.
John Harris Browne, 外科医.
McDouall Stuart, Draughtsman.
Louis Piesse, Storekeeper.
Robert Flood.
Hugh Foulkes.
Adam Turpin.
Joseph Cowley.
Daniel Brock.
Thomas Mack.
George Davenport.
David Morgan.
James 吊りくさび.
John Jones.
John Kirby.

[10-1] The last eleven men were all 要求するd to 調印する an 協定--the text of which is printed as an 虫垂 (虫垂 C.) to this 容積／容量. The （一定の）期間ing of the 指名するs is taken from this 協定 and is 推定では 訂正する, notwithstanding variations 設立する in other 記録，記録的な／記録するs. This 協定 is 時代遅れの 9th August, 1844. Sturt endeavoured to 得る the services of Thomas Burr, of the Surveyor-General's staff, but was 辞退するd.

[10-l Archiv. S.A. C.S.O. 901½ of 1844.]

Later he engaged Stuart, but there is a 公式文書，認める in the 古記録s that this was done "without 当局."

Sturt also sought 是認 to take two sappers and 鉱夫s from the 軍の staff under Frome's 命令（する）, but this was 辞退するd.

Also he sought to have remission of Customs 義務s on the タバコ bought for the 探検隊／遠征隊, but Grey replied that such remission was beyond his 力／強力にするs.

[10-2] The men received one 続けざまに猛撃する per week and rations; Poole &続けざまに猛撃する;200 per 年; Harris Browne &続けざまに猛撃する;150.

[10-2 Archiv. S.A. G.(1845) 949: L.(1845) 24: A.(1846) 82: L.(1846) 133, 134.]

Sturt, as leader, was paid &続けざまに猛撃する;500 per 年, and was also paid half-支払う／賃金 during his absence from his civil service 地位，任命する.

行方不明になる Cooper, sister to his friend 裁判官 Cooper, and 行方不明になる Conway (afterwards Mrs. Bartley and Mrs. Nicholls それぞれ) had worked a Union Jack for Sturt to take with him. Both this 旗 and that which he had with him on the Murray 探検隊／遠征隊, are in the Art Gallery, Adelaide. In a letter of thanks to 行方不明になる Cooper (7th August, 1844) he said:

[10-3] "I go to this 仕事 for the good of those I 持つ／拘留する dear: I care nothing for myself, and would take a last 別れの（言葉，会） of my wife and children if it were for their good."

[10-3 初めの letter in Archiv. S.A.]

The 出発 of the party was 直す／買収する，八百長をするd for 10th August, and the 国民s of Adelaide gave a public "breakfast" as a send-off for the party. To this 機能（する）／行事 Sturt took his eldest son, Napier.

[10-4] The Chairman, Major O'Halloran, in his speech wishing the 探検隊／遠征隊 success said, speaking of Sturt:

[10-4 Adelaide 登録（する）, 14th Aug., 1844.]

"He 保持するs all the vigour and energy of his younger days. Who の中で us can 誇る of warmer and more 大（公）使館員d admirers: he is deservedly loved and 尊敬（する）・点d by us all."

Sturt, in his reply, said that glory and honour …に出席する the death of a hero, but there was no glory like that of 落ちるing in the endeavour to 利益 our fellow-men.

After the breakfast "the 井戸／弁護士席-負担d drays, one carrying a boat, were 範囲d in order in King William Street," and …に出席するd by the whole breakfast company, moved off over the 橋（渡しをする）, through North Adelaide to 乾燥した，日照りの Creek, where the 行列 broke up, the company returning to town.

Sturt remained behind, with Davenport,* to finish up some 私的な 商売／仕事, and left Adelaide on 15th August.

(*Davenport was with Sturt from the beginning of the 旅行 in Adelaide.)

The story of this 探検隊／遠征隊, which lasted for eighteen months, cannot be told here in any 詳細（に述べる）. It is an epic story which should be read as Sturt told it in his Narrative of an 探検隊／遠征隊 to Central Australia. It is not possible to do more in this 容積／容量 than to give a 簡潔な／要約する 要約.

The whole party 組み立てる／集結するd at Moorundi on the Murray, where Eyre was 駅／配置するd as Protector of Aborigines.

[10-5] The movements of the main party can be traced. They reached 乾燥した，日照りの Creek late in the afternoon of 10th August and （軍の）野営地，陣営d there till the morning of 12th. They reached the Little Para on the evening of 12th, Gawler on 13th, Nuriootpa on 14th, and Angaston on 16th August.

[10-5 These 詳細（に述べる）s were 収集するd by Mr. G. H. Pitt after 言及／関連 to the actual diaries of Sturt and Browne--they are to be 設立する in pp.25-28 of reprint 大（公）使館員d to Vol. 44 of the 訴訟／進行s of the 王室の Geog. Soc., S.A. 支店--in the S.A. 古記録s.]

From Angaston the 大勝する lay N.N.E. to a point 近づく Truro, where it turned eastwards for the Murray. On 17th August the party passed the White Hut two miles east of Truro on Section 207 Hundred of Jellicoe: it is now called Schillings Gate: on the same day they passed the Dust 穴を開ける, which is on Section 107 Hundred of Jellicoe--now known as McBean's 駅／配置する: the main party reached Moorundi on 18th August, Sturt having joined them on the way. Here Eyre "altogether superior to any unworthy feeling of jealousy 補助装置d us with 成果／努力s as ceaseless as they were disinterested."

Eyre had, not long before, travelled up the Darling to Mitchell's last （軍の）野営地，陣営 at Laidley's Ponds, and gave Sturt all the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） he had.

The 探検隊／遠征隊's outfit consisted of:

11 horses.
30 bullocks.
1 boat and boat carriage.
1 horse dray.
1 spring cart.
3 drays.

In 新規加入 there were 200 sheep for food, two sheep dogs, and four kangaroo dogs. All the 蓄える／店s were repacked, and when all 準備s were 完全にする the party moved off on 19th August. Sturt 演説（する）／住所d the men, and, having told them they were 開始するing a 旅行 from which 非，不，無 of them could tell who would be permitted to return, read a few appropriate 祈りs.

The drays then moved off:

"I watched it with an 苦悩 which made me forgetful of everything else, and I 自然に turned my thoughts to the 未来. How many of those who had just passed me so 十分な of hope and in such exuberant spirits, would be permitted to return to their homes? Should I, their leader, be one of those 運命にあるd to remain in the 砂漠 or should I be more fortunate in treading it than the persevering and adventurous officer whose guest I was, and who shrank from the 仕事 I had undertaken."

Here, as on each of his previous 旅行s, were Sturt's melancholy forebodings--this time fully 正当化するd.

It is, however, difficult to imagine the 明言する／公表する of mind in which Sturt wrote the last 宣告，判決 引用するd above.

Moorundi to Menindie
19th August--10th October

From Moorundi they followed the Murray as far as the point where the Anabranch of the Darling joined that river. に引き続いて up the Anabranch for about 15-20 miles they turned eastward to the Darling itself, に引き続いて this up 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the eastward bend at Pooncarie, 公式文書，認めるing the Burtundy 激しく揺するs. The New South むちの跡s Lands Department 地図／計画する of 1933 shows "Sturt's Billabong" about the point of Sturt's first 接触する with the. Darling, although Sturt does not について言及する any such feature.

A sudden flooding of the Darling on 29th September made Sturt think that there had been 地元の flooding of the streams coming from the 範囲s to the north-west of Laidley's Ponds.

While they were at Lake Victoria on this outward 旅行 Sturt received （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） from a native of the Menindie tribe that an 陸路の party had been attacked by the natives, and the whole party, fifteen .in number, had been killed.

Sturt advised Grey of this, 追加するing that the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 示すd that this had occurred five nights 以前, and he asked that Mrs. Sturt might be advised of his safety, and asked Grey to: "静める her 恐れるs, as she has 苦しむd enough in this painful 分離 without 付加 and unnecessary 苦悩."

The 植民地の 長官 of New South むちの跡s was advised of the 報告（する）／憶測, and Eyre at Moorundi was 教えるd (9th October) that five 機動力のある police with pack horses would be left at Moorundi until 25th October "in 事例／患者 anything should happen to Captain Sturt."

On reaching Menindie, Sturt 設立する that the 出来事/事件 referred to was 現実に the Mitchell 出来事/事件 of nine years before: although he had written to Eyre from Lake Victoria (Sept. 17th), "I think there is no 疑問 of the 主要な facts 存在 true."

Menindie to Flood Creek
11th October to 10th December

At this 行う／開催する／段階 it should be について言及するd that there are two 初めの sources from which the 大勝する of the 探検隊／遠征隊 after it left Menindie can be traced.

The first is a chart in the Lands Department in Adelaide which is labelled "Chart of the country 調査するd by the Central Australian 探検隊／遠征隊 under the 命令（する） of Captain Charles Sturt: Tracing by Richard Counsel, May, 1846."

There are two points to be 公式文書，認めるd: Counsel was one of those who 現在のd the vase to Sturt in 1839: and the tracing was made three months after Sturt's return to Adelaide, and must have been done either under the 監督 of, or in 協議 with, Sturt himself: This will be referred to, if 言及／関連 is necessary, as the "Counsel tracing."

The second source is the Arrowsmith 地図／計画する: this is labelled "地図／計画する of Captain Sturt's 大勝する from Adelaide into the centre of Australia 建設するd from his 初めの protractions and other 公式の／役人 文書s." It was 用意が出来ている by the cartographer, Arrow-smith, in London, and is 時代遅れの 1849.

について言及する should also be made of the booklet published as a Centenary souvenir in 1944 by the 障壁 Field Naturalists' Club: this 容積／容量 含む／封じ込めるs （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 収集するd by E. B. Dow, who took 広大な／多数の／重要な trouble to identify the places visited by Sturt in the Broken Hill 地域.

Sturt spent two months in the 障壁 範囲 area.

Having first 満足させるd himself to his 広大な／多数の／重要な 失望 that there was no 広大な／多数の／重要な 範囲 and no large mountain stream 主要な eastward into the Darling, he began short scouting 旅行s from a base （軍の）野営地，陣営 at Lake Cawndilla. He first sent Poole and Stuart to Scrope 範囲 to the north. These returned and 報告（する）／憶測d that, between that 範囲 and the 範囲 to the west (障壁 範囲) there was a large 団体／死体 of water like an 巨大な lake: they did not think they could have been deceived by しん気楼.

Sturt sent 支援する despatches to the 知事, and letters to others. He wrote:

"We seem on the high road to success with mountains and seas before us...it will be a joyous day for us to 開始する，打ち上げる on an unknown sea, and run away に向かって the tropics."

[10-6] Both Eyre and Grey 疑問d this, believing that Sturt had been deceived by しん気楼, and Mrs. Sturt wrote:

[10-6 R.G.S.S.A. IV.127.]

"This 報告（する）／憶測 is not from my Charley's 観察 of the distant country, but from that of his assistant, Mr. Poole. No one here 推定する／予想するs news of a good country. Nothing but 砂漠 for my beloved to toil through; and no water to 緩和する his 労働s."

She was a good prophet.

Then he led a party himself and spent seven days に引き続いて up Stephen Creek, について言及するing Murnco Murnco (Munka Munka), Curnapaga (probable Nine-mile creek), Parnari (the rocky water-穴を開ける すぐに below the 橋（渡しをする） where the 鉄道 to Sydney crosses Stephen Creek before reaching the Gorge 味方するing), and Yanco Glen (not the place now 耐えるing this 指名する, but さらに先に along Yancowinna Creek).

Moving the whole （軍の）野営地，陣営 to Parnari, Sturt then 調査するd the 範囲, visiting Mt. Darling, Mt. Gipps and Mt. Bourke: it is doubtful whether, at any time, they moved across the actual 場所／位置 of the 現在の town of Broken Hill.

At this point Sturt gave to this 範囲 the 指名する "Stanley's 障壁 範囲."

From 5th to 8th November was spent in 捜し出すing, and finding, a 大勝する over the 範囲s so that Sturt might follow the north-westerly course on which he had concentrated from the beginning and which was to place him north of Mt. Arden.*

(*Mt. Arden is 30 miles north of Port Augusta.)

They 設立する a 大勝する by に引き続いて Stephen Creek to the junction of Nine-mile creek, then along its northward course into the hills, passing Parnell Creek, the seven-mile 井戸／弁護士席, past 吊りくさび Hill (which they climbed) on to the watershed between Stephen, Yancowinna and Purnamoota Creeks. Crossing this watershed they reached the headwaters of Purnamoota Creek and followed this 負かす／撃墜する till they 設立する a pool. Below this pool the bed of the Purnamoota Creek became impassable 借りがあるing to large 玉石s, so they turned up a 刺激（する） which led them westerly on to the plains of Mundi Mundi の近くに to the 現在の Soapstone Creek. From here they travelled northwards along the base of the scarp till they 設立する good water at the "Gorge of the Glen," where Campbell Creek 問題／発行するs from the 範囲s on the plains.

If Arrowsmith's 地図／計画する is to be taken as a guide they were, on Campbell Creek, not very far from Torrowangee, as that 地図／計画する shows plainly that this "Rocky Glen" is at the junction of the southern and north-western 支店s of Campbell Creek, or some four miles south-west of Torrowangee.

[10-7] While in this 地域 the men gave the 指名する of Piesse's Knob to one of the hills, it is now 受託するd that this hill (although shown on the Arrowsmith 地図／計画する as south of Stephen Creek) is part of the 山の尾根 known as the Razorback.

[10-7 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Under-長官, Lands Department, N.S.W.]

From Campbell Creek Sturt, Browne and Flood scouted north-west finding Morphett Creek a little to the west (about five miles) of the 現在の Corona homestead. Experiencing extreme heat and finding no water they were 軍隊d to return.

The next move of the main party was to Morphett Creek, and while this move was slowly taking place, Sturt sent Poole and Browne off again to the north-west with 指示／教授／教育s to 試みる／企てる to reach Lake Torrens "or any 団体／死体 of water of unknown extent," and to 決定する whether any westerly course was open to the main party. If their water 供給（する） was to fail they were to return at once to （軍の）野営地，陣営. If they discovered any 広範囲にわたる sheet of water they were to "return すぐに to the （軍の）野営地，陣営, as, in the event of our 要求するing the boat many necessary 準備s will have to be made."

Nine days later they returned after an exhausting 旅行, having to travel at night because of the heat.

They had reached the channel between Lakes Callabonna and Frome, where the Yandama Creek 発射する／解雇するs, and had sighted across the lake three remarkable 頂点（に達する）s 類似の to those 示すd 負かす／撃墜する by Eyre. This was good 観察, for they had reached the Lake Torrens of Eyre, and were within forty miles of Mt. Hopeless.

This decided the question of a 大勝する to the west, so Sturt sent Flood scouting to the north; he returned 報告（する）／憶測ing a beautiful creek with abundant grass and water--Flood Creek.

So, having checked and reloaded the 蓄える／店s and 減ずるd the rations--tea from 4 oz. to 3 oz. and sugar from 2 lb. to 1½ lb. per week--the whole party moved on to Flood Creek.

The reloading of the 蓄える／店s （判決などを）下すd one of the はしけ 乗り物s unnecessary and the horse cart was abandoned at Morphett Creek. Sturt いつかs 言及するs to this as "horse cart creek."

Tietkens when in the 地区 in 1860 was told that the remains of this cart had been 設立する several miles lower 負かす／撃墜する the creek.

Flood Creek to 倉庫・駅 Glen
10th December to 27th January

The （軍の）野営地，陣営 at Flood Creek was, probably, about ten miles to the south-east of Mt. Westwood homestead: of this, however, there is no certainty. While at this （軍の）野営地，陣営 Sturt sent Poole and Browne scouting north: they passed Mt. Arrowsmith, which they climbed, and continued わずかに to the east of north, finishing about fifteen miles east of Tibooburra. They returned 報告（する）／憶測ing an 豊富 of water in Evelyn Creek, and a large pool of water half-way at Packsaddle Creek.

While they were away, Sturt, with Stuart and Flood, travelled eastwards across the 広大な／多数の／重要な plain where the Fowler's Gap Hotel was later 位置を示すd, crossing the plain very の近くに to the Sandy Creek Bore. On this 旅行 they reached the Nuntherungie 範囲s at Mt. Lyell, returning to Flood Creek on a more northerly 大勝する, passing very の近くに to the southern end of Lake Bancannia without seeing it.

It is to be 公式文書，認めるd how careful Sturt was never to move 今後 from water till he had 位置を示すd an 適する 供給（する） at the next point 今後.

Sturt climbed the Pinnacle, the highest and last point of the 障壁 範囲. Here his reflections were serious:

"We stood, as it were, in the centre of the barrenness: we were 徐々に and 刻々と working our way into the 内部の: I had hoped by this time, with God's blessing we should have raised the 隠す that had so long hung over it."

They had been out already four months, and had made little real 進歩. The party's 消費 of water was over 1,000 gallons per day, the horses and bullocks 要求するing large 量s. The 旅行 from Flood Creek to Evelyn Creek was at first 極端に difficult through pine forest and over 山の尾根s of sand: this 行う／開催する／段階 gave Sturt, as leader, 広大な／多数の／重要な 苦悩. They would pass の近くに to The Veldt and Yelka homesteads, reaching Packsaddle Creek probably not far from Pimpara homestead.

At their （軍の）野営地，陣営 on Packsaddle Creek Sturt noticed the first 調印するs of Poole's illness; he was complaining of 広大な／多数の／重要な 苦痛.

Leaving Packsaddle Creek their 大勝する was northwards, making a bend eastwards to 近づく Boullia homestead, then north-westerly to 近づく Mt. Shannon homestead, and again north-easterly past Mt. Browne homestead to Evelyn Creek, which they reached four miles below its junction with 保護 Creek, and seven miles below the 入り口 of the Gorge from which that creek 現れるs. This would place their （軍の）野営地，陣営 very の近くに to the 現在の village of Milparinka.

It might here be 公式文書，認めるd that, in moving from Flood Creek to Evelyn Creek, they had crossed through the break in the watershed, so that they were now again on the east 味方する of the 範囲 which is, except for this gap, almost continuous from Central Queensland to Broken Hill. It was, in fact, the very 範囲 which Sturt went out to find: although he would, at that 行う／開催する／段階, have ridiculed such a suggestion.

At Evelyn Creek they paused for ten days while Sturt, Browne and Flood scouted northward. Sturt passed Wittabrinna Creek, McDonald 頂点（に達する）, and 押し進めるd northward over the plains, diverging to the west to 診察する Stokes 範囲. From the 最高の，を越す of Stokes 範囲:

"A dark and 暗い／優うつな sea of scrub without a break in its monotonous surface met our gaze. I could not but think from the 外見 of the country as far as we had gone that we could not be very far from the 郊外s of an inland sea, it so 正確に 似ているd a low and barren sea coast. This idea I may say haunted me, and it was the 原因（となる） of my making a second 旅行 to the same locality."

On the return 旅行 to the base （軍の）野営地，陣営 they （軍の）野営地，陣営d one night on Frome Creek, 公式文書，認めるing its westerly 傾向. On this 旅行 they 苦しむd 大いに from 飛行機で行くs by day and ants by night.

On Sturt's return to the （軍の）野営地，陣営 Poole 報告（する）／憶測d that, さらに先に up Evelyn Creek, he had 設立する a long, 深い sheet of water above which there was a rocky glen 含む／封じ込めるing 連続する pools in rocky 水盤／入り江s, in which he considered there was an inexhaustible 供給（する） of water.

He had 設立する the "倉庫・駅 Glen" (保護 Creek), to which they moved on 27th January.

B.-AT DEPOT GLEN
27th January to 16th July

They could not （軍の）野営地，陣営 in the gorge, so they made （軍の）野営地，陣営 on the creek a ４半期/4分の1-of-a-mile below its mouth. They were doomed to remain there for six months; the water in the creeks was 乾燥した，日照りのing up, and after running 負かす／撃墜する every creek and scouting in all directions they realized that they reached the only 位置／汚点／見つけ出す where there was water for their needs. If this place had not been 設立する they would have had to make a 軍隊d 退却／保養地 to the Darling, however difficult that might be.

Now illness began to show itself の中で the men: Sturt himself had the first 調印するs of scurvy.

As soon as the （軍の）野営地，陣営 was settled Sturt and Poole scouted twenty miles to the west, but had to return, as Poole became ill and Sturt had difficulty in getting him 支援する to （軍の）野営地，陣営.

Sturt then made that second trip to the north. He continued northwards past Wittabrinna Creek, McDonald 頂点（に達する）, and passed on northwards through country that was mostly sand and spinifex, "in one of the most 暗い／優うつな 地域s that man ever 横断するd."

Their course was 概略で 平行の to, and about twenty miles west of, 警告する Warri Creek, although there is no 証拠 that they touched that creek anywhere.

It is impossible to 決定する 正確に／まさに where he was when he turned 支援する, although from distances shown on Arrowsmith's 地図／計画する he had reached 28 degrees 10 minutes S. (he placed his own position as about a mile beyond the 28th 平行の), and must have been only about 20-25 miles south of the Wilson River, at a point about 20 miles south-west of the junction of that river with the Warri Warri Creek. He 記録，記録的な／記録するd that he had hoped to have 前進するd some 60 miles beyond this point; had he done so he would have come 近づく to the point on Cooper Creek which he reached nine months later.

They must have passed through Binnera 負かす／撃墜するs, Naryilco and Yanko 駅／配置するs: on the return 旅行 they followed Frome Creek 西方の to Lake Pinnaroo, where, later, they were to 設立する Fort Grey 倉庫・駅.

On this 旅行 they were in extreme difficulties about water, the creeks 乾燥した，日照りのing 速く, and the heat was so 広大な／多数の／重要な as to be 苦しめるing--the horse they had with them "trying to get his own nose into the bung-穴を開けるs of the 樽s and imploring for 救済 as much as an animal could do by looks."

They returned to the （軍の）野営地，陣営 at 保護 Creek with the knowledge that they could not move till rain （機の）カム. He 概算の that he was more than 250 miles from the Darling (the actual distance to Bourke is 270 miles, to Wilcannia about 160: he could not know of the Paroo or the Warrego) and he knew that he could not hope to reach it at that 前進するd 行う／開催する／段階 of summer, with the （疑いを）晴らす 証拠 that the country was 速く 乾燥した，日照りのing. He decided to stay 静かに at the （軍の）野営地，陣営, 信用ing to Providence to "解放（する） me from 刑務所，拘置所 when He thought best."

But he did not 正確に／まさに sit 負かす／撃墜する 静かに. He made a long 偵察 to the east, first に引き続いて Evelyn Creek 負かす／撃墜する to about One-tree water 穴を開ける then south to the Cobham Lakes area, then east, 公式文書，認めるing the Bulloo 洪水, to a point which was probably somewhere 近づく the Bootra homestead.

On this 旅行 to the east he 公式文書，認めるd "mesembryanthemum of a new variety, with flowers on a long slender stalk, heaps of which had been gathered by natives for seed."

This is probably the first 言及／関連 to "nardoo," which subsequently became so 井戸／弁護士席-known in 関係 with the Burke and Wills 探検隊／遠征隊.

At the time of this 旅行 to the east it became （疑いを）晴らす that Poole, Browne and Sturt himself all had （疑いを）晴らす 調印するs of scurvy: Poole was the worst 苦しんでいる人 and 徐々に 拒絶する／低下するd in health. Their 状況／情勢 was bad; they were shut in for an 不明確な／無期限の period; the leaders were all 苦しむing from scurvy; and the heat was 激しい.

Sturt's description of the 条件s at this 倉庫・駅 on 保護 Creek has often been 引用するd. Because the 署名／調印する 乾燥した，日照りのd on their pens as they were 令状ing they dug an 地下組織の room, roofing it with スピードを出す／記録につけるs covered with turf. Every screw in their boxes became loose, the horn 扱うs of their 器具s and their 徹底的に捜すs 分裂（する） into 罰金 laminae; the lead dropped out of their pencils, and they had to bury their wax candles. Their hair, and the wool on the sheep, 中止するd to grow; the flour lost more than eight per cent. of its 初めの 負わせる.

These intolerable 条件s had to be 耐えるd from 27th January to 12th July, when the rain （機の）カム at last: it is true that, as the summer faded, the 気温s became lower, but the 施行するd inactivity was 極端に depressing: and they watched the water in the creek 縮む from its 初めの depth of nine feet to a 狭くする line in the centre of the channel.

"Almost heart-broken Mr. Browne and I seldom left our テントs save to visit our sick companion."

Twice, 審理，公聴会 雷鳴 to the west, Sturt 始める，決める out in that direction to see whether they could move on; but was 軍隊d 支援する each time.

Poole's illness had been 刻々と getting worse. By the end of April his muscles were attacked and he was 苦しむing 広大な／多数の／重要な 苦痛. From then onwards he did not leave his bed. In May his 条件 悪化するd 速く and he was unable to eat. They had been away much longer than had been 推定する／予想するd and the question of 供給（する）s became 圧力（をかける）ing. Sturt decided to send some of the men 支援する with Poole the moment the rains （機の）カム, and began to get everything ready.

Poole at this time made the suggestion that it would keep the men busy if they 築くd 石／投石する cairns on Red Hill (Mt. Poole) and Mt. Browne. This was done.

"I little thought that I was 築くing Mr. Poole's monument, but so it was; that rude structure overlooks his lonely 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な, and will stand for ages as a 記録，記録的な／記録する of all we 苦しむd in the dreary 地域 to which we were so long 限定するd."

The cairn of 石／投石するs on Mt. Poole was 21 feet at the base, and eighteen feet high: it is not now so high.

The months of May and June passed with no change in the 天候 other than that it became 激しく 冷淡な.

About the middle of June, Sturt, believing that the 干ばつ could not continue much longer, 始める，決める about his 準備s for 出発. He sent Stuart to chain a 大勝する に向かって Lake Pinnaroo, and had all the carts put into serviceable 条件. He divided the 準備／条項s, and had one dray 用意が出来ている as an 救急車 for Poole, lined with sheepskins and with a flannel 攻撃する.

He 用意が出来ている despatches for the 知事 asking that 供給（する）s be sent to Menindie as he ーするつもりであるd to proceed 西方の "in the hope of finding Lake Torrens connected with some more 広範囲にわたる and more central 団体／死体 of water."

At the end of June the prospect of 除去 seemed as distant as ever. Poole became worse, and was moved to the 地下組織の room, a chimney having been built in it so that a 解雇する／砲火／射撃 could keep him warm.

July opened with every 外見 of rain and, on 12th July, the rain began, continuing ひどく until the morning of the 14th, when the home party, under the 名目上の leadership of Poole, was 召集（する）d for 出発.

Browne went with them for the first day.

On 16th July Sturt started off for Fort Grey, Browne having returned and 報告（する）／憶測d that Poole was in tolerable spirits with every hope of 漸進的な 改良.

At the end of the first day's 旅行, however, Sturt's party was overtaken by one of the men, who 報告（する）／憶測d that Poole had died suddenly when about to take some 薬／医学: Sturt supposed some 内部の haemorrhage occurred.

Poole's 団体／死体 was brought 支援する to the 倉庫・駅; the whole party 組み立てる／集結するd there on 17th July, and Poole was buried under a grevillea tree which stood の近くに to the 地下組織の room. In the tree were 削減（する） "J.P.1845" and, as Sturt said: "he now sleeps in the 砂漠." The tree is still alive, but by 1863 the 地下組織の room had been 完全にするd silted up.

Many years ago Mr. Alexander Lang had a 固く結び付ける 中心存在 築くd on which was the inscription: "To the memory of John Poole, second in 命令（する） of Sturt's 調査するing party, died here on the 16th July, 1845."

Two errors are obvious--the （一定の）期間ing of "second" which is still as it was, and Poole's first 指名する should have been James. Mr. E. B. Dow visited Mt. Poole in 1935 and altered the 指名する as seen in the photograph.

An area of one acre, 含むing the 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な, has been gazetted as a 永久の reserve by the New South むちの跡s 政府. After Poole's death, Piesse was placed in 命令（する） of the home party with 指示／教授／教育s to bring 救済 供給（する）s to Menindie: this he did satisfactorily and was を待つing Sturt on his return.

From 倉庫・駅 Glen Sturt had sent 支援する by Piesse despatches 含む／封じ込めるing 定期刊行物s and 地図／計画するs--these were 調印（する）d and 演説（する）／住所d to the 長官 of 明言する／公表する at the 植民地の Office.

[10-8] Grey gave 指示／教授／教育s (5th November, 1845) that the 定期刊行物s should be opened and copies made, さもなければ they would not know where Sturt was if he needed 救済. The 調印（する）d letters were 今後d unopened.

[10-8 Archiv. S.A. 170. 25e: A.(1845) 1052½: A.(1845) 1037, 1041.]

It is 利益／興味ing to 公式文書，認める that in the 古記録s of Adelaide are two 容積／容量s--one 含む／封じ込めるing the 記録，記録的な／記録する of the 探検隊／遠征隊 from 10th August, 1844, to 31st March, 1845: this is written by some person other than Sturt: the other 容積／容量 取引，協定ing with the latter part of the 探検隊／遠征隊--from 9th April to 10th November, 1845, is the 初めの diary written by Sturt himself from day to day.

[10-9] During the long absence of nearly twelve months without any word from Sturt 苦悩 as to his 運命／宿命 had been growing: 苦悩 not 少なくなるd by a story brought to Moorundi in June, 1845, by some natives that Sturt and his party had all been killed.

[10-9 Archiv. S.A. 787/1845/123.]

When the rains （機の）カム in July Sturt, remembering that his 探検隊／遠征隊 was expressly 限られた／立憲的な to twelve months, could, and perhaps should, have returned to Adelaide. He had 実行するd the 使節団 on which he had been sent by 証明するing that there was no 範囲 (although in fact he had lived for six months in the only 範囲 there was), he had 設立する a barren country, he and the others were 苦しむing from scurvy: he had every justification for retiring from this forbidding area: but he turned his 支援する on 慰安 and safety for another seven months because he had not reached the centre of the continent and because he had not 設立する that inland sea which had been a haunting illusion for so long.

An unconquerable soul.

C.-NORTHERN JOURNEYS
20th July to 2nd October

On 18th July Sturt moved the 残りの人，物 of the 探検隊／遠征隊 slowly on a north-west 大勝する, and after 61 miles reached their new base at Lake Pinnaroo on 28th July. This base Sturt first called "The Park" but later "Fort Grey" after 知事 Grey. At the time of the move there were still 68 sheep left.

Having 設立するd this （軍の）野営地，陣営 Sturt began a 一連の journeyings, 継続している five months, which 供給する a story of physical endurance and courage, without 平行の in the whole history of 組織するd 探検. There were three separate 旅行s.

偵察 to the West

On 30th July, Sturt, Browne and Stuart started off for Lake 激流. They reached Lake Blanche about the middle point of its eastern shore, having crossed Strzelecki Creek about three miles south of Carraweena homestead. From this point they could see the 輪郭（を描く）s of the Flinders 範囲s--Mt. Hopeless would be about 32 miles away 耐えるing 210 degrees. Sturt was then within a short ride of connecting up with Eyre's 最北の point.

On this 旅行 the surface water upon which they relied was 速く 乾燥した，日照りのing up, and their safety was delicately balanced. It was on this 旅行 that Sturt first met with sandhills "like crossing the 最高の，を越すs of houses in some street."

Sturt had 設立するd that any movement of his party to the west was impracticable; also he had 証明するd that there, at least, there was no inland sea. Some idea of this country is 伝えるd by Madigan's description as he saw it, somewhat to the west of Lake Blanche, in 1939.

[10-10] "The Lake Eyre 地域 had cast a queer （一定の）期間 over us. All who have travelled there have felt this haunting sense of desolation and death. The song dies on the drover's lips; silence 落ちるs on the 調査するing party.

"It is like entering a 広大な tomb; one hesitates to break the silence. The rivers are dead, the trees are dead, but 影を投げかけるing all in the 質s of death is the very heart of the 地域, the 広大な／多数の／重要な lake itself, a horrible travesty, a 広大な white prostrate ghost of a lake. Here time seems to have stood still for ages, and all is dead. The Dead Heart, the 焦点（を合わせる） of a drainage 水盤／入り江 of four hundred and fifty thousand square miles of country, will never throb again."

[10-10 Madigan: Crossing the Dead Heart. p.151.]

Before leaving （軍の）野営地，陣営 on the 旅行 just 述べるd Sturt had left 指示／教授／教育s that a "stockyard," in which to herd the cattle at night, should be made: and he had told Davenport to 準備する a garden, 工場／植物ing it with pumpkins and melons. On his return he 設立する that these things had been done.

旅行 to the North-West

Sturt now 始める，決める about his main 押し進める to the north-west in an endeavour to reach the 客観的な which had always been in his mind--the centre of the continent: and to decide whether there 存在するd any central 範囲 of mountains connected with the north-east angle of the continent. On 14th August he started with Browne, Flood, 吊りくさび and Cowley, taking fifteen weeks' 準備／条項s. He took riding horses, two pack horses and a light cart.

Before leaving he gave 指示／教授／教育s to 築く a small stockade (in 新規加入 to the stockyard) with の近くに palisades four feet six インチs high, and to have one テント within this stockade in which to deposit all the 武器 and 弾薬／武器. The final 指示／教授／教育 was to 準備する and paint the boat in the event of her 存在 要求するd. There are many proverbs about the tenacity of hope and the dynamic value of 約束--Sturt 具体的に表現するd them all.

The 大勝する of this 旅行 can, for all its difficulties, be 簡潔に 述べるd.

He proceeded on a general course of 25 degrees west of north, but diverged from this from time to time. His course, however, is known with reasonable 正確. He crossed Strzelecki Creek far from any modern 目印s, crossing, in fact, several 子会社 channels, in which they dug 穴を開けるs for seepage water in 準備 for the return 旅行.

Next they （機の）カム to the 多重の channels of Cooper Creek, about thirty miles south-west of Coongie homestead--in one of the 支店s they caught some white fish. Here they saw a white bank of clouds on the northern horizon: "Could this bank have been over any inland waters?"

After twenty miles of sandhills they 現れるd on to a 暗い／優うつな 石／投石する-覆う？ plain--the Stony 砂漠--across which they had to travel for fifty miles: but fortunately they twice 設立する surface water.

At this point he began to cast from him the illusion of seventeen years:

"Although I had been unable to 侵入する to the north-west of Lake Torrens, still I long kept in 見解（をとる） the 可能性 of its 存在 connected with some more central 団体／死体 of water. Having 伸び（る）d a position so much higher to the north I felt doubtful of the 即座の proximity of an inland sea."

The recantation was not やめる 完全にする. Having crossed the Stony 砂漠 they reached the Diamantina 水盤／入り江, crossing the lower section of Goyder Lagoon, about twenty-five miles south-west of Clifton Hills homestead. This lagoon was "like the 乾燥した，日照りのd-up bed of an enormous muddy lake." He 裁判官d this to be the lowest part of the 内部の and momentarily 推定する／予想するd to see a 集まり of water glittering away to the 西方の.

Now they began in 厳しい reality to 会合，会う the 広大な／多数の／重要な sand 山の尾根s of this 地域, and, 疲れた／うんざりしたd with trying to cross them, they turned more northerly along the flats between the 山の尾根s. に引き続いて this practice, and finding 連続する pools of surface water, they （機の）カム to "Eyre Creek," which is now called the Mulligan River. This river they first met about twenty-five miles south of old Annandale homestead after having passed about ten miles to the west of Alton 負かす／撃墜するs homestead.

Having followed up the Mulligan to the angle where the river has a bend to the south-east (the rabbit-proof 盗品故買者 has, at this point a 限定された angle changing from a north-west course to a northeast) about twenty miles north of Annandale.

Sturt then moved on a course of 28 degrees west of north along the flats between the sandhills to a point, on the 辛勝する／優位 of the Simpson 砂漠, which cannot be 直す／買収する，八百長をするd 正確に; but is, perhaps, between five and ten miles east of the 国境 between Queensland and the Northern 領土. Sturt in his Narrative 直す／買収する，八百長をするs the latitude at 24 degrees 40 minutes S: but in his diary he 記録，記録的な／記録するs it as 24 degrees 50 mins. 23 secs. and on the Arrowsmith 地図／計画する it is given as 24 degrees 30 minutes S.

The point 試験的に 直す／買収する，八百長をするd from a consideration of all the 証拠 now 利用できる would be about 24 degrees 41 minutes S: mathematical 正確 is unimportant, the position now given as the end point of this 旅行 is だいたい 訂正する.

[10-11] There is 利益／興味ing 確定／確認 in Madigan's account of this 旅行 in 1939--ninety-four years after Sturt. He 現れるd from the Simpson 砂漠 after crossing it from the west at 正確に the place at which Sturt was 停止（させる）d in 1845. He 記録，記録的な／記録するs: "We would reach the Mulligan next day; we were away next morning...to find the angle in the rabbit-proof 盗品故買者." The 砂漠 had never been crossed (except for one crossing at a narrower 部分 to the south) before Madigan made the crossing in 1939, and his 判決 was that it would have been 致命的な for Sturt to have 試みる／企てるd to continue on his course with horses.

[10-11 Madigan: loc. cit. p.81.]

納得させるd of the impossibility of going その上の than this point, which he had reached on 8th September, Sturt turned 支援する. He had been 停止（させる）d:

"In a country such as I 堅固に believe has no 平行の on Earth's surface.

"I was at that moment scarcely a degree from the Tropic, and within 150 miles of the centre of the continent. If I had 伸び（る）d that 位置／汚点／見つけ出す my 仕事 would have been 成し遂げるd, my most earnest wish would have been gratified, but for some wise 目的 this was 否定するd to me; yet I may truly say, that I should not thus have abandoned my position, if it had not been a 手段 of 緊急の and imperative necessity."

He was turned 支援する by sand 山の尾根s fifty to one hundred feet high, each running 無傷の to the horizon on the north and on the south, in endless succession to the west. Only one party, 井戸／弁護士席-equipped and with camels, has ever crossed this 地域.

Sturt might 井戸／弁護士席 have remembered the 広大な／多数の／重要な rolling waves of the southern seas, and felt that here, too, Moses with his 棒 might have made the sea 乾燥した，日照りの land.

If he had 押し進めるd on に向かって the centre of the continent he would have had to 直面する the whole breadth--nearly 300 miles--of the Simpson 砂漠. He would have reached the Hay River, with an uncertain prospect of water, after about thirty miles; and thereafter nothing but sandhills and the certainty of no water.

For these sandhills he had only a light horse-cart already in serious disrepair.

The 仕事 was beyond even his 広大な／多数の／重要な courage.

His 見積（る） of 150 miles from the centre of the continent was unduly 楽観的な. Central Mt. Stuart is more like four hundred miles distant; but he was within 150 miles of the latitude of the centre of the continent.

No inland sea, the centre of the continent beyond his reach, he turned 支援する to the Mulligan River: and, after a short 旅行 to the north-east during which he may have crossed the eastern 支店 now known as Eyre Creek he started on the homeward 旅行. Their 条件 now was bad, their cart was barely 持つ／拘留するing together, the horses were in 苦しめる, they were 負かす／撃墜する to 5 lbs. of flour and 2 oz. of tea per week, although they occasionally 発射 a pigeon or a duck; and all of the party unwell: Browne's scurvy was becoming serious, and Sturt felt that he must be taken 支援する to （軍の）野営地，陣営 before he became like Poole. They made their way 支援する to Fort Grey, and, apart from the natural and 厳しい hazards of this 地域, the return 旅行 was 解放する／自由な from 出来事/事件. Over the last 行う／開催する／段階 they relied on the 井戸／弁護士席s dug during the outward 旅行 They had been through one of the most dreary 地域s in the world: lest it may be thought that Sturt was easily turned aside from his 客観的なs, or gave an unduly 暗い／優うつな description of the country, another writer, Ratcliffe, 述べるd the Cooper Creek 地域 as he saw it in 1938:

[10-12] "We arrived at the main channel of Cooper's Creek in a weird three-４半期/4分の1s light, with the western sky 向こうずねing a luminous green. As we dropped 負かす／撃墜する from the stony slopes to that flat bed of silt, a 冷気／寒がらせる 恐れる took 持つ／拘留する of me. The 乾燥した，日照りの bed of that dead river, which rose in the plains of inland Queensland, and 消えるd in the salt-pans of Lake Eyre without knowing the sea, was the most eerie and haunted 位置／汚点／見つけ出す I have ever visited.

"Moreover, it was haunted by no friendly and comprehensible ghosts, but by the spirits of broken tribes which died misunderstood.

"When we approached the Diamantina, the gibbers 完全に 支配するd the landscape. They grew bigger and bigger, and more 密集して （人が）群がるd together; and when the sandhills 砂漠d us for a while, the world became little more than a rolling shingly plain, the lumpy red-brown sterility of which accentuated the empty blueness of the sky.

This was Sturt's Stony 砂漠, more awe-奮起させるing and desolate than any sand-dune 砂漠 could be--主として, I think, because it 現在のs its barrenness in such a 激しい and unfamiliar form. Sturt referred to it as 'that アイロンをかける 地域.' The 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 could hardly be bettered. "I can never think of the Cooper and the Diamantina as mere rivers. They have spirits of their own, which are not friendly to man."

[10-12 Ratcliffe: 飛行機で行くing Fox and Drifting Sand. p.270, 277, 291.]

They arrived at Fort Grey on the evening of 2nd October.

What had they 遂行するd? They had ridden about 900 miles under the most 厳しい 条件s, with 限られた／立憲的な food and uncertain water, over country which was 極端に depressing and 疲労，（軍の）雑役ing, without even a small hill or large 激しく揺する to break the monotony. They had 証明するd that there was no inland sea, no central 範囲 in that 地域, and they had failed to reach the centre of the continent.

All they had was a sense of 業績／成就, and even that was 消極的な. But all through this story is that （疑いを）晴らす impression of courage tempered with prudence, which met every difficulty and 招待するd no 災害.

It is a very pleasant experience to 扱う his diary, now in the 古記録s at Adelaide, and admire the neatness and faithfulness of his daily 記録，記録的な／記録する, kept most scrupulously under 極端に 逆の 条件s of 環境 and bodily health.

As two final 公式文書，認めるs on this particular 旅行: it is beyond 疑問 that the stream now 指名するd the Mulligan should, by 優先, be called Eyre Creek, as 指名するd by Sturt. And when McDouall Stuart, fifteen years later, reached what he considered to be the centre of the continent he, remembering Sturt's unrealized ambition, 指名するd the mountain "Mt. Sturt, after my excellent and esteemed 指揮官 of the 探検隊／遠征隊 in 1844 and 1845, Captain Sturt, as a 示す of 感謝 for the 広大な／多数の／重要な 親切 I received from him during that 旅行."

This 指名する was changed by the then 知事 of South Australia to "Central 開始する Stuart" after its discoverer--thus 株ing with "Cooper's Creek"* and "Eyre's Creek" the 運命／宿命 of 存在 否定するd the 指名する 初めは given.

(*See p. 140.)

旅行 to Cooper Creek
9th October to 17th November

Having thus 完全にするd long 旅行s to the west and north-west Sturt, after his return to Fort Grey, decided to take fresh men and scout to the north and east. His old dream even then recurred: "Can it be that there is a large 団体／死体 of water in that ４半期/4分の1?"

He decided that, while he made this dash to the northward, Browne, with the 残り／休憩（する） of the party, should start on the long homeward 旅行.

Browne, however, 辞退するd to go, and after an emotional scene which is recounted at length in Sturt's Narrative, it was decided that Browne's 決定／判定勝ち（する） "never to leave you in this dreadful 砂漠" should stand, and that Browne should wait at Fort Grey until Sturt's return from the north. It was, however, arranged that if Browne were 軍隊d to leave he would bury a message in a 瓶／封じ込める at the foot of a 示すd tree.

There had been no rain at all since that 嵐／襲撃する in July which had enabled them to leave the 倉庫・駅 at 保護 Creek, so that prospects of water were uncertain.

Sturt left Fort Grey on 9th October, with Stuart, Morgan, and Mack, taking ten week's 供給（する） of flour and tea.

They followed their old course to Strzelecki Creek, then followed that creek up to its junction with Cooper Creek. Finding good water here he ーするつもりであるd to go eastward; but a 激しい にわか雨 of rain tempted him northward. He crossed Cooper Creek about twenty miles west of Innamincka almost 正確に／まさに at the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す known later as Coontie Hill, travelled 予定 north to Lake Lipson, passing about ten miles to the east of Coongie homestead: then in a general north-westerly direction thirty miles to the east of Clifton Hills homestead to a point almost on the Queensland 国境 about fifteen miles south-east of Birdsville.

On this outward 旅行 they dug 井戸／弁護士席s to collect surface water. Having 設立する nothing but sandhills and gibber plains, and the water 状況／情勢 becoming very 不安定な, they returned to Cooper Creek. This return 旅行 was bad--one of the horses died, and they had to travel all of one night に引き続いて their old 跡をつけるs by lamplight.

Here 苦悩 began to 圧力（をかける） on Sturt:

"I had still the mountain 範囲 to the north-east to 診察する, and I knew no time was to be lost. Indeed, I 疑問d if my return to the 倉庫・駅 was not already shut out by the 乾燥した，日照りのing up of the water in Strzelecki creek. I would 喜んで have 残り／休憩（する）d for a few days, for I was beginning to feel weak. My food had been insufficient to support me, and I had a malady hanging upon me that was slowly doing its work."

For six days they followed up the course of Cooper Creek, seeing myriads of the white fish they had noticed in the lower reaches of the creek, 公式文書，認めるing the large 激しく揺するs in the stream eighteen miles east of Nappa Merri, until having reached the point where Cooper Creek divides into many channels, and learning from the natives that there was no water さらに先に east, they turned 支援する. 診察するing all 証拠 it seems probable that Sturt's farthest east point, によれば the 証拠 of the Counsel tracing and the Arrowsmith 地図／計画する, was on the Wilson River between 20 and 30 miles above its junction with the main channel of Cooper Creek.

If this is 訂正する, he was then about forty miles from the end point of his 旅行 the previous February: and it is an 利益／興味ing 憶測 that by going 支援する over his old 大勝する to Fort Grey he would have saved a 広大な／多数の／重要な distance. They returned 石油精製 to their starting point, and here Sturt 指名するd the stream "Cooper's Creek."

"I would 喜んで have laid this creek 負かす／撃墜する as a river, but as it had no 現在の I did not feel 正当化するd in so doing: there can be no 疑問 but that it would support a number of cattle upon its banks, but its 農業の 能力s appear to me to be doubtful."

While on Cooper Creek it was necessary to turn one of the horses loose, it could go no さらに先に: it was seen on these plains still alive sixteen years later. From Strzelecki Creek to the 倉庫・駅 they had a very bad 旅行. The heat was 激しい, they could find no water, and their food was nearly exhausted.

It was here they had to stop for one day because of the 猛烈な／残忍な hot 勝利，勝つd: it was on this day that the 水銀柱，温度計 rose so high that it burst the 温度計. On the last 行う／開催する／段階 of this 旅行 another of the horses died.

They arrived at Fort Grey on 13th November, 棒 slowly up to the stockade, and 設立する it 砂漠d.

This was the end of their explorings: nothing was left but the 旅行 home.

On this 旅行 they had still 設立する no central 範囲 and no inland sea, but they had 設立する in Cooper Creek a water 供給（する） that was to be a 著名な feature in the 開発 of that part of the continent.

関心ing the 指名する of this creek, there later occurred some 混乱, which, in fact, still 固執するs. Mitchell discovered the upper reaches of this river and 指名するd it the Victoria River. Later Kennedy 追加するd the native 指名する Barcoo, and still later Gregory had been on this river. The 当局 in Sydney and London on the incorrect 仮定／引き受けること that Mitchell had been the first on this river (they 可決する・採択するd his date as 14th September, 1845) gave his 指名する 優先, and 受託するd the 指名する Victoria River.[10-13] Parker and Somerville, in 1943, pointed out the error, as Mitchell was not on this river until 1846, a year later than Sturt. On the Arrowsmith 地図／計画する the lower reaches where Sturt visited are 指名するd "Cooper Creek," Mitchell's section is 指名するd "R. Victoria (Barcoo)." On the Counsel tracing, however, Sturt's section was 初めは labelled Cooper's Creek, but the "Cooper's" has been erased and it' is now "The Barcoo Creek," the Mitchell section by contrast is labelled "R. Victoria (Barcoo)" but with a later printing "River Cooper." Even on the International 地図／計画する 問題／発行するd by the 連邦／共和国 the 指名する "Barcoo or Cooper's Creek" appears.

[10-13 Parker and Somerville. Historical 熟考する／考慮するs. Vol. II, No. 8, Nov., 1943.]

It is the story of the "Murray or Hume" over again. These 事柄s should be 公式に settled, and in 司法（官） to Sturt the 指名するs given by him should stand.

As has already been 明言する／公表するd, a tree had been 示すd before Sturt's 出発. At the south-eastern corner of Lake Pinnaroo there is a tree carrying, 近づく ground level, an old 炎 示す; and above it, on the same tree, is a later 炎 示す into which has been 削減（する） "Sturt 1845" above which is a 幅の広い arrow.* This was not 削減（する） by Sturt. The suggestion that this is the tree 示すd by Sturt is a reasonable 憶測, but that is all that can be said.

(* See 虫垂 D, 公式文書，認める 9.)

捜し出すing in the place arranged, Sturt 設立する a message from Browne that, as the 単独の remaining water had become putrid and 同意しないd with the men to a serious extent, he had been 強いるd to retire to 保護 Creek. Sturt was, 自然に, 猛烈に disappointed, but he understood Browne's problem: there was nothing for Sturt to do but follow, which he did, reaching their old 倉庫・駅 on 17th November.

At Fort Grey he had had a violent attack of muscular 苦痛, which he せいにするd to having eaten a small piece of bacon: it was, however, more probably a manifestation of the scurvy which was still 土台を崩すing his health.

On dismounting at the 倉庫・駅 at 保護 Creek he had another 厳しい attack of muscular cramp. Browne and the other men had all 回復するd and all was 井戸／弁護士席 at the base.

D.--THE JOURNEY HOME

They were now 直面するd with a 批判的な 退却／保養地 of about 250 miles: the natives 警告するd Sturt that what water there was was 速く disappearing: the heat was greater than that of the previous summer, the 温度計 範囲ing between 110 degrees and 123 degrees every day: the 勝利，勝つd blowing ひどく from the north-east filled with impalpable red dust, the ground so hot that matches 落ちるing on it were 点火（する）d. All the grass had gone from 近づく the （軍の）野営地，陣営, many trees had been 削減（する） 負かす／撃墜する: and there had been no rain since that 激しい downpour which had 解放（する）d them the previous July. Sturt 記録，記録的な／記録するd his curiosity as to how Leichhardt was faring. 現実に, at this very time, that explorer was having 広大な／多数の／重要な trouble about food. Browne and Flood scouted to the south, returning with the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that there was no water anywhere.

Browne and Flood then made a rather desperate dash to Flood Creek, returning after eight days with the 報告（する）／憶測 that there was still water in the creek, 黒人／ボイコット as 署名／調印する, and it would have all gone in a week.

Sturt was now 本気で ill with scurvy, unable to move because of muscular rigidity: he was a 完全にする 無効の and had to rely on Browne.

He arranged to have four bullocks killed and skinned--each 肌, 存在 used as water 樽, held 150 gallons. Then, getting the drays ready, and abandoning all heavier 蓄える／店s, they began their 退却／保養地.

At this point occurs in the Narrative the most 劇の 選び出す／独身 宣告，判決 in the whole of Sturt's own story of his さまざまな 探検隊／遠征隊s: "The boat was 開始する，打ち上げるd upon the creek, which I vainly hoped would have ploughed the waters of a central sea."

[10-14] The last of the three boats in eighteen years, only one of which had been used. The 運命／宿命 of this boat is of some 利益／興味. Tietkens 設立する some of the fragments in the driftwood 近づく the creek. It was clinker built and made of cedar or some such 支持を得ようと努めるd. 見本／標本s were sent to the Melbourne Museum, but these have been lost.

[10-14 R.A.H.S. XIV. 219.]

[10-15] Woore, in 1863, 設立する one 味方する of the boat some twenty feet from the ground in a large gum tree in Evelyn Creek. He sent a small piece to Sturt's brother. This piece was sent by the Sturt family to the Adelaide Art Gallery, where it now is. It carries an inscription which 明言する／公表するs wrongly that it was 設立する in a tree forty feet from the ground. There is a piece in the Broken Hill Museum said to be from this boat. No other 遺物 is known.

[10-15 R.A.H.S. XIV. 223.]

To 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる 倉庫・駅 Glen and its surroundings it is advisable to approach it from the northern 味方する. From the main road southwards from Tibooburra a 支店 跡をつける leads off south-westerly to Mt. Poole 駅／配置する.

This road rises to an almost imperceptible divide, from the crest of which the first 見解（をとる） is 得るd. To the north-west is Mt. Poole, to the south-west Mt. Browne, and straight ahead lies the Mt. Poole homestead.

In the 近づく foreground Evelyn Creek is plainly seen winding 負かす／撃墜する from the north, and in the distance 保護 Creek comes from the west to join Evelyn Creek on the 観察者／傍聴者's left. Gazing over this scene it is realized that the locality is just as Sturt saw it: the 観察者／傍聴者 can say, looking に向かって Mt. Poole:

"Between us and it there were undulating plains, covered with 石／投石するs or salsolaceous herbage, excepting in the hollows, wherein there was a little grass."

At the 場所／位置 of the 倉庫・駅 no trace, except Poole's tree, remains to 示す their stay: the water-穴を開ける on which they depended for water has become 不正に silted. The gorge, ４半期/4分の1 of a mile up the creek, has a cliff 直面する 類似の to the 製図／抽選 made by Sturt, although it is hardly so majestic as shown there (Narr. Cent. 1.266). Many more trees are 現在の now than are shown in that picture, there is not any cliff 直面する on the left, and the sand banks shown in the foreground have become larger.

James Poole lies, as he has lain for a hundred years, in the undisturbed peace of the 広大な／多数の／重要な plains and the 避難所 of the nearby trees: the morning sun lights up his 後見人 tree, but, as the sun moves on, the 影をつくる／尾行するs form over his 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な, and each day の近くにs again to him that north-west he was never to reach.

It is to Mt. Poole that one must go to 逮捕（する） the spirit of Sturt. These 広大な／多数の／重要な plains, with their whispering 勝利，勝つd, seem to 示唆する that 広大な／多数の／重要な spirit still restlessly unsatisfied, 捜し出すing--not any more an inland sea--but the answer to the challenge of that silent, 敵意を持った land.

From the time of leaving the 倉庫・駅 at 保護 Creek, Sturt, having lost the use of his 四肢s, had to be carried in one of the drays, 大いに 苦しめるd by the constant 揺さぶるing. They followed their old 跡をつけるs 支援する to Morphett Creek, except for a detour to 避ける the pine forest and the sandhills.

近づく Morphett Creek Browne had noticed the natives eating a small 酸性の berry and had gathered a 量 of these for Sturt, who at once began to 改善する: he せいにするd his 回復 to these berries, which are 推定するd to have been the Berry saltbush (Enchylaena tomentosa), or Leptomeria aphylla.

From this point to Menindie, where Piesse was waiting for them, their 旅行 was slow but 安全な, and Sturt now began to feel the 利益 of the change of diet, and doubtless, though he does not について言及する it, the 緩和 of mental 緊張する and 苦悩.

[10-16] During the long 旅行 from the 倉庫・駅 on 保護 Creek they had travelled all night, six nights out of twelve.

[10-16 Archiv. S.A. A.(1845) 38.]

Before leaving Menindie, Sturt had 削減（する） into a tree a ４半期/4分の1 of a mile below the junction of the Williorara with the Darling, the letters "G.A.E.Dec.24.1843." There would appear to be two misprints in this inscription as 記録，記録的な／記録するd in the Narrative: 1843 should be 1845, and G.A.E. should be C.A.E. for "Central Australian 探検隊／遠征隊." This tree has disappeared. They reached Moorundi on 15th January, but while 温かく welcomed by the natives, they learned that Eyre had left. He had written to Gipps (7th November, 1844) giving up hope of 存在 placed in 命令（する） of any 探検隊／遠征隊, and 追加するing:

[10-17] "I have no 範囲 for exertion where I am now, and have done all the good I can do に向かって 設立するing a friendly intercourse with the aborigines up the Murray to the Darling."

[10-17 R.G.S.S.A. IV. 129.]

At Moorundi Sturt was again able to ride, and began his 旅行 to Adelaide. He was met by Mr. C. Campbell and Mr. A. Hardy with a carriage to 伝える him to Adelaide.

"I reached my home at midnight on the 19th January, and, on crossing its threshold, raised my wife from the 床に打ち倒す on which she had fallen, and heard my considerate friends roll 速く away."

The 残り／休憩（する） of the party reached Adelaide a few days later: they are 述べるd in a 同時代の account as gaunt, their 直面するs hidden in unkempt hair, their 肌 burnt almost to the colour of the aborigines. The horses were living 骸骨／概要s, but the 残りの人，物 of the sheep followed the drays as 静かに and 定期的に as a rearguard of infantry.

[10-18] Sturt brought 支援する 7 horses, the greater number of the bullocks, and some of the sheep. These were sold at auction, with the 残りの人，物 of the 器具／備品, and the total sum realized was &続けざまに猛撃する;349: the 逮捕する cost of the 探検隊／遠征隊, after this sale, was &続けざまに猛撃する;3,309.

[10-18 Archiv. S.A. 700, 17Z.: 558, 25f.]

E.--EXPERIENCES WITH ABORIGINES

When Sturt reached the Murray at Moorundi fourteen years had passed since, on his boat 旅行, he had made his first 接触する with the natives. During that interval there had been many 衝突／不一致s between natives and 陸路のing parties, いつかs …に出席するd with かなりの 虐殺（する） of the natives.

But Eyre had been 駅／配置するd there, had travelled かなり amongst and 大いに 影響（力）d the natives in the Murray-Darling 地域. Sturt, therefore, had no trouble 権利 up to Menindie--at that point, however, memories of the trouble with Mitchell's party nine years before remained, but, after 初期の 疑惑, relations became very friendly.

Once the party had left the river they met very few natives, thinly scattered over the 内部の: in fact, between the Darling and Cooper Creek Sturt 概算の they did not 会合，会う more than one hundred natives. He 述べるd them as a feeble and diminutive race when compared with the river tribes.

At Cooper Creek the natives were 非常に／多数の, numbering some hundreds. They were 極端に friendly, helping with the horses, and 扱う／治療するd Sturt and his companions with 本物の 歓待. These natives Sturt 述べるd as the finest he had seen in Australia, all tall and 肉体的に perfect. The women, however, were half-餓死するd, unhappy looking creatures. This was the last of Sturt's 接触するs with 原始の aborigines, and it was the occasion for 確かな reflections. He felt that he could honestly say that, while he had often been in 状況／情勢s of danger when he might have been 正当化するd in violent 活動／戦闘, his path amongst the natives had been 無血の.

He had always made allowance for the timidity of the natives in the new experience of 会合 white men and strange animals; and had 尊敬（する）・点d native customs and prejudices.

He knew that no European who followed his 跡をつけるs would 苦しむ because of anything he had done.

But he did 悔いる that the 進歩 of civilized man into an 野蛮な 地域 was almost invariably …に出席するd with misfortune to the 初めの inhabitants.

F.--RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION

In his 公式の／役人 報告（する）／憶測 to the 植民地の Office, in a 声明 published in the South Australian Gazette (13th February, 1847), and in his published Narrative, Sturt reviews the results of this 探検隊／遠征隊. He 明言する／公表するd that he had 完全に carried out his 指示／教授／教育s and had 証明するd that no 範囲 of mountains running from south-west to north-east 存在するd. On the other 手渡す he had been disappointed in that he had not 設立する any good country, had not 設立する an inland sea, and had not reached the centre of the continent, although he was within 150 miles of it; after pointing out the forbidding nature of the country, he 強調するd that the 開発 of the 内部の depended 完全に on that spirit of 企業 which has always moved man in the 打ち勝つing of difficulties.

Referring to the fact that he was never likely to go again into the field as an explorer, he 表明するd his keen 悔いる that he should have 達成するd so little, and made no 発見 of any practical importance.

He spoke ーに関して／ーの点でs of the highest 賞賛する of the 行為／行う and fidelity of all those who had been with him: and his published Narrative 結論するd:

"I have 記録，記録的な／記録するd instances enough of the watchful superintendence of that Providence over me and my party without whose 指導／手引 we should have 死なせる／死ぬd, nor can I more 適切な の近くに these humble sheets, than by such an acknowledgment, and 表明するing my 熱烈な thanks to Almighty God for the mercies vouchsafed to me during the trying and doubtful service on which I was 雇うd.

"Not to myself do I （許可，名誉などを）与える any credit that I returned from my wanderings to my home. Assuredly, if it had not been for other 指導／手引 than the 演習 of my own prudence I should have 死なせる／死ぬd.

"If, まっただ中に difficulties and 失望s of no ありふれた description, I was led to 疑問 the 知恵 of Providence, I was wrong."

And, one passage deserves to be 引用するd 分かれて; remembering that it was written in 1848: "I am still of the opinion that there is more than one sea in the 内部の of the Australian continent: but such may not be the 事例／患者."

In 明言する／公表するing that he had 証明するd there was no central watershed running from south-west to north-east, he was literally wrong.

現実に such a 範囲 did 存在する--he had been travelling along it and living on it for months from the 障壁 範囲 to the Grey 範囲, and its outliers McDonald's 頂点（に達する） and Stokes 範囲. It is true that it is a debased 範囲 and a worn watershed, but it is a true "divide" and was the one he was 捜し出すing. He received warm 評価 of the magnitude of his 発見s and of his 技術 as leader.

[10-19] Grey had left Adelaide, and 式服 was now 知事. In 認めるing Sturt's 公式の／役人 報告（する）／憶測, and referring to the 声明 that there had been no 発見 of practical value, 式服 commented that Sturt had undervalued his own work. The 国務長官 for the 植民地s 表明するd his high sense of the courage and perseverance 陳列する，発揮するd by Sturt and his companions, and his warm approbation of the humane 行為／行う に向かって the aborigines. And he thanked Sturt for his 申し込む／申し出 to take 命令（する） of another 探検隊／遠征隊: but that, for "さまざまな 推論する／理由s it had better be deferred for the 現在の."

[10-19 Archiv. S.A. L.(1846) 153.]

This indomitable man, his 団体／死体 still soft from scurvy, had 申し込む／申し出d to lead another 探検隊／遠征隊. But his physical wanderings were over, even though, in fancy, he was often 支援する in the 砂漠 scanning the horizon for his inland sea.

[10-20] The request he had 宿泊するd, before 出発, to be considered for the position of 植民地の Treasurer had not been forgotten, for, on 17th February, 1846, he was 任命するd to that office as "a 永久の 協定," and 開始するd 義務 on 1st March. For this 任命 he received an 付加 &続けざまに猛撃する;100 per 年, making, with his &続けざまに猛撃する;400 salary as Registrar-General, a total of &続けざまに猛撃する;500 per 年--not very much for a man of fifty years of age who had done so much, at such 広大な／多数の／重要な sacrifice to his own 利益／興味s.

[10-20 Archiv. S.A. A.(1846) 187: L.(1846) 150, 151.]

On 24th May he was honoured by the award of the gold メダル of the 王室の Geographical Society. The 大統領 of that Society, in 宣言するing the award, spoke of his energy and courage, his prudence in 停止（させる）ing when その上の 前進する would have 危険d lives for which he was responsible, and of his 懐柔的な 行為／行う に向かって the natives. Sturt was, unfortunately, not in England, so that he was not able, 本人自身で, to receive the メダル. Mr. John Morphett was ゆだねるd with the pleasant 仕事 of 配達するing it to him.

CHAPTER XI - End of Life in South Australia

After he had returned to Adelaide and been 任命するd 植民地の Treasurer, he began a period of happier life. Grey had gone, and 式服, a strong character, universally 尊敬（する）・点d, 扱う／治療するd Sturt with consideration: the two became 会社／堅い friends.

On 20th February, 1846, soon after his return, Sturt was welcomed at a public dinner: in his speech there he told them of the barren country, his constant 苦悩, and his 失望 in failing to reach the centre of the continent. "I was within eight or ten days' ride of that point to reach which I would almost have given my life."

The 植民地 had now 打ち勝つ its 初期の difficulties.

Grey's 会社／堅い 行政 had produced order in 公式の／役人 事柄s, 農業 had 後継するd, and the 開発 of 巡査 地雷s had brought 繁栄.

Sturt, however, felt that he might reasonably look to the 植民地の office for some greater 承認 of his 成果／努力s than the position he held in Adelaide. He decided to visit England and 現在の his （人命などを）奪う，主張するs 本人自身で, 捜し出すing Darling's help in these 成果／努力s. "If I fail I can only 落ちる 支援する on the office I 持つ／拘留する and return to a country to which I am 心から and 堅固に 大（公）使館員d." He also thought it was 予定 to his wife to give her an 適切な時期 of seeing her mother again.

[11-1] Accordingly, 早期に in 1847, he 適用するd for leave of absence for eighteen months. This 存在 認めるd, the whole family left on the brig "Appleton" on 8th May.

[11-1 Archiv. S.A. A.(1847) 469: N.(1847) 207.]

Before his 出発 a public "breakfast" was given in his honour (30th April): a notice appearing in the daily 圧力（をかける） that, on this occasion, the public offices would be の近くにd. The daily newspaper 明言する／公表するd that one of the most decided proofs of the 深い 尊敬（する）・点 in which the community held Sturt was the fact that the 主要な／長／主犯 shops also の近くにd for the time of the breakfast. A testimonial in the form of a cash public subscription was 現在のd to Sturt at this breakfast. Sturt, in 認めるing this, said that he wished it to be 投資するd in land 隣接するing his 所有物／資産／財産 at the Reed Beds.

"I do not ーするつもりである to sell my landed 所有物／資産／財産, but wish it to remain in my family: and the part 現在のd to me by the colonists will be a most honourable 相続人-ぼんやり現れる for my 子孫s."

With this money Section 1006 含む／封じ込めるing 182 acres was bought by Sturt on 10th July, 1847.

There is here something a little puzzling. On 27th April, three days before this breakfast, Sturt's "furniture, 調書をとる／予約するs, carriage, horses and cattle" had been sold by auction: and, while he was in England, the Southern Australian of 24th October, 1848, advertised the sale, on 28th October, of The Grange, 据えるd on the Reed Beds, "以前は the 住居 of Captain Sturt, and now that of R. F. Newland." A later 問題／発行する 明言する／公表するd that it had been 購入（する）d by Mr. A. パン職人 for &続けざまに猛撃する;825. Whether this 購入（する） was not 完全にするd, or just what is the explanation, is not known, but Sturt on his return to Adelaide in 1849 lived at Grange until he [11-2] finally left the 植民地: and, so late as 9th September, 1869, Lady Sturt wrote to Wright Brothers in Adelaide enquiring about the 支払い（額） of rent by パン職人.* (* See Life, p. 351.)

[11-2 Archiv. S.A. (95, 25f).]

[11-3] To 完全にする the story of this 所有物／資産／財産 for 現在の 目的s, Sturt bought an 付加 40 acres in 1850 for &続けざまに猛撃する;100.

[11-3 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by Surveyor-General, S.A.]

In October the family landed in England, taking lodgings in Keppel Street, London, やめる 近づく to the Gawlers. Sturt had a course of 治療 for his 注目する，もくろむs, and 得るd かなりの 救済, although there was 永久の 傷害.

During this stay in England, Sturt 完全にするd his Narrative of an 探検 into Central Australia, which was published by Boone in 1849. This 容積／容量 was 献身的な to Earl Grey, who had 後継するd Stanley as 国務長官 for the 植民地s. The first of the two 容積／容量s of this work 含む／封じ込めるs a publisher's 公式文書，認める that Mr. Arrow-smith had 用意が出来ている a large 地図／計画する of Captain Sturt's 大勝する from the 初めの protractions and other 公式の／役人 文書s. This is the "Arrowsmith 地図／計画する" referred to in the 現在の 容積／容量.

After the 出版（物） of his 調書をとる／予約する, Sturt, with the family, left England for Adelaide, arriving there in August, 1849.

Evidently his 代表s to the 植民地の Office had not been successful, although by direction of the 植民地の Office he was, on his return, 任命するd to the 地位，任命する of 植民地の 長官.

In Mrs. Sturt's Life are 利益／興味ing 詳細（に述べる）s of 出来事/事件s on both homeward and outward voyages, in which Sturt showed that tact and strength of character which he always showed when the need arose.

They 設立する South Australia still more 繁栄する, with a healthy growth of 全住民 and 産業.

知事 式服 had left (2nd August, 1848) and had been 後継するd by Fox Young, whose 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 ended on 20th October, 1854.

On his return to Adelaide about August, 1849 (his eighteen months' leave had become two years and three months) Sturt was 任命するd 植民地の 長官 (24th August, 1849) and continued in that position till his 退職 in 1851. He was throughout this period in happy 公式の／役人 関係s on every 味方する.

As 植民地の 長官 he was a member of the 法律を制定する 会議. By 法律 which became 効果的な in January, 1851, a new 会議 was formed, sixteen elected members 存在 追加するd to the 初めの eight 指名するd by the 栄冠を与える. As 植民地の 長官, Sturt 監督するd the introduction of an 選挙（人）の system in South Australia.

During this period he took an active part, with 知事 Young, in 始めるing river traffic on the Murray, and had the satisfaction of seeing the fulfilment of his prophecies of thirteen years before, that 航海 was possible as far as, but not through, the Murray mouth.

Sturt's life during this period was busy, but happy; he had all those 責任／義務s which were the lot of the 植民地の 長官 in those times, and his home life was happy, although his salary was never more than &続けざまに猛撃する;700 per 年.

He was 支援する at Grange, but two events soon changed their happy life--his sight began to fail, and a small 新規加入 to their income by the death of Mrs. Sturt's mother enabled him to send his eldest son to Rugby.

He then decided to retire.

On 5th December, 1851, the 法律を制定する 会議 現在のd an 演説（する）／住所 to the 知事 requesting His Excellency to introduce a 法案 for the 目的 of 認めるing an annuity for life to the Honourable Captain Sturt.

[11-4] Mr. G. F. Angas, while commending the 目的 of the 法案, moved an 改正 to have a 条項 挿入するd 宣言するing that it is not to be considered as a precedent for retiring 年金s to 公式の／役人 persons in South Australia--"a system," said Mr. Angas, "servile in itself and calculated to induce improvidence." The 改正 was carried by a 大多数 of ten to six. The 法案 さもなければ was passed and became 法律 on 18th December, 1851 (行為／法令／行動する. No. 12 of 1851): it 含むd the に引き続いて preamble:

[11-4 Hodder: History of South Australia. 1.254.]

"反して the 発見 and 探検 of the River Murray by the Honourable Charles Sturt have 大いに tended to 容易にする the 設立 and 繁栄 of the 州 of South Australia: and, in the 起訴 of such 発見 and 探検, and in other public services of 類似の character, the said Honourable Charles Sturt hath 支えるd 広大な／多数の／重要な toils and privations to the 永久の 弱めるing of his health, and hath その為に become いっそう少なく 有能な of the 業績／成果 of public 義務s: And 反して it is expedient by way of reward of such 発見, and of 補償（金） for such toils and privations and loss of health, to 供給する for the honourable 退職 from the Public Service of the said Honourable Charles Sturt by conferring upon him an annuity for the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of his natural life..."

[11-5] Sturt, having been advised by the 知事 of this 行為／法令／行動する, submitted his formal 辞職 as 植民地の 長官 to 施行される from 31st December. The 知事 replied that under circumstances alike honourable to Sturt himself and to the 植民地, he 受託するd the 辞職.

[11-5 Archiv. S.A. A.(1851) 3918: S.(1851) 814, 818.]

[11-6] To the （衆議院の）議長 of the 法律を制定する 会議 Sturt 演説（する）／住所d (24th December, 1851) a feeling letter of thanks.

[11-6 Archiv. S.A. A.(1851) 3940.]

[11-7] He had been a member of "the 会議" from his first 任命 in 1839 till its final 会合 on 18th February, 1843: evidently Grey did not 受託する his 申し込む／申し出d 辞職 (see Ch. 9: '...leaving Sturt only the position of Registrar-General...'). After this 会議 was 解散させるd, it was 取って代わるd by two 団体／死体s: the 法律を制定する 会議 (composed of 確かな 政府 公式の／役人s and 指名された人s) and the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 (composed of 確かな 政府 公式の／役人s only). Sturt was a member of the former 団体／死体 from its 創造 in June, 1843, till his 辞職 on 31st December, 1851.

[11-7 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Archivist, S.A.]

And so 結論するd Sturt's period in the civil service of Australia. As a good public; servant he continued his 決まりきった仕事 義務s to the end, for, on 30th December, 1851, he advised the Commissioner of Police that the unexpended balance of &続けざまに猛撃する;162 for 盗品故買者ing police paddocks would be carried 今後 for the service of the year 1852.

In 1851 the 発見 of gold in Victoria had profoundly 影響する／感情d South Australia. 産業 and 財政／金融 became disorganised, and through 1852 and 1853, Sturt's last years in South Australia, かなりの difficulties resulted.

The year 1852 was spent 静かに at his home, Grange. From here, 令状ing to his old friend, George Macleay (19th May, 1852), he explains that he felt he could not 辞退する the 申し込む／申し出 of a 年金, as he 労働d under unusual difficulties: his sight had become very feeble: he said:

"I am under no 抑制 and might go home to-morrow if I pleased. But England would not agree with me, and I am 堅固に 大（公）使館員d to the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す on which I am 設立するd."

But, as the year went on, the 経済的な dislocation brought 増加するing difficulties. He wrote to his son, Napier, at Rugby (7th December, 1852) that, as there were no servants, consideration for Mrs. Sturt would 運動 them away from South Australia. Rising prices 大いに 減ずるd the value of Sturt's 年金 and he felt, if he were to educate the other two boys 適切に, he would have to go to England.

On 19th March, 1853, Sturt, with his family, 乗る，着手するd on the ship "Henry Tanner." The 登録（する） newspaper 公式文書，認めるd his 出発 with the comment that he would carry with him "during his 一時的な absence," the affectionate regards and best wishes of every colonist in South Australia. But he did not return to Australia.

[11-8] There is still to be seen a friendly letter written from St. Helena by Sturt to the faithful friend Davenport, in which he speaks of having had trouble with the sailors.

[11-8 Letters in 古記録s, S.A.]

CHAPTER XII - Last Years in England

1853 TO 1869

The 残りの人，物 of Sturt's life was spent in England 充てるd to the care of his family. All three sons went into the Army--leaving him, by 1858, with only the daughter, Charlotte, at home. He lived at 19 Clarence Square, Cheltenham. In 1854 he was very busy in 関係 with Gregory's 探検隊／遠征隊. It was probably in 関係 with this that Mrs. Sturt wrote to Davenport (16th March, 1854) that there had been some talk of Sturt's going as leader of another 探検隊／遠征隊, but that he, very wisely, was not thinking of it. He was then in his sixtieth year.

In the 所有／入手 of the 王室の Geographical Society in London is a letter from Sturt, 時代遅れの 12th February, 1854, in which he 明言する／公表するs his 見解（をとる）s as to the 大勝するs that might be followed. It is 利益／興味ing to 公式文書，認める the persistence of his ideas:

"The question 自然に arises--where or to what point do these waters flow? Do they 蓄積する and form an inland sea separated from the ocean by the 広大な／多数の／重要な Australian 塀で囲む, or do they follow the 原則 of all 内部の waters of the continent, and, spreading over still greater areas, are lost by the 共同の 影響s of evaporation and absorption? This is the greatest remaining geographical problem of the day."

Two 利益／興味ing letters from Gregory are still 保存するd. Gregory wrote to his brother (5th June, 1855):

[12-1] "Captain Sturt has sent out about 50 pages of theory about the Central 砂漠 as a 基礎 for 指示／教授／教育s for the 指導／手引 of the 探検隊／遠征隊: but I told the 知事 that I considered that the 反対する of the 探検隊／遠征隊 was to gather 構成要素s for forming theory upon and not to 立証する theory already formed."

[12-1 Mit. Lib. MSS. Letter. A.g.34.]

[12-2] And, one month later (13th July, 1855), 令状ing to Sturt himself, he said:

[12-2 Sturt papers.]

"In 詳細（に述べる）s of the 手はず／準備 I have been 完全に 扶養家族 on the little experience 得るd in Western Australia, as Sir Thomas Mitchell, who is the only person now in Sydney who could have afforded me any practical 援助 or advice on these points, and from whose experience I had hoped to 利益（をあげる）, has 辞退するd in a most discourteous manner to afford me any （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）."

Mitchell was himself again.

心配するing a little in the sequence of years, it can be 記録，記録的な／記録するd that, in 1858, he 申し込む／申し出d to the 植民地の Office his comments on the results of Gregory's 探検隊／遠征隊. The direction of the 探検隊／遠征隊 in England had first been ゆだねるd to the 王室の Geographical Society, but had, later, been taken over by the 植民地の Office, which requested Sturt to superintend in England the direction and 準備 of the 探検隊／遠征隊.

It was in 追跡 of this 責任／義務 that he 用意が出来ている the memorandum of fifty pages to which Gregory 言及するs in the letter 引用するd above.

[12-3] Now, after the 探検隊／遠征隊, Sturt reviewed the results. He pointed out that Gregory had experienced the same 砂漠-like 条件s 1,000 miles to the west as he had experienced at Simpson 砂漠--from this he deduced, wrongly, that the Central 砂漠 占領するd continuously the whole centre of the Continent. He discussed at 広大な／多数の／重要な length the 形式 of the sandhills, and the still unknown 運命／宿命 of the inland waters: but for the first time he made no direct 言及／関連 to an inland sea, speaking only of "some remote 水盤／入り江 to the 西方の."

[12-3 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London, 855, Australia.]

He made the novel suggestion that there should be a 罪人／有罪を宣告する 解決／入植地 at Victoria River, N.T., for 罪人／有罪を宣告するd persons from British 所有／入手s in Asia.

While the 残りの人，物 of Sturt's 利益／興味ing commentary was published as a 議会の paper in England, this suggestion of a 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立 was, by order of the 植民地の 長官, omitted, and has only now come to light.

It does not appear that, after 1858, Sturt had much direct 協会 with 探検 事業／計画（する）s.

In 1855, on the death of Hotham, 知事 of Victoria, Sturt 適用するd to the 植民地の Office for the 地位，任命する, but received a not very courteous reply (21st April, 1856) to the 影響 that, while the value of his past services was 認めるd, the writer did "not feel 正当化するd in 持つ／拘留するing out any 期待" that he would be 任命するd.

The year 1859 seemed to 持つ／拘留する out some prospect that he might be 任命するd as the first 知事 of Queensland. Letters written to Mr. 圧力をかけて脅す（悩ます） in Adelaide in April, 1859, 示す, indeed, that he had the 拒絶 of the position. Letters written at this time and now in the 古記録s at Adelaide 示唆する that he 恐れるd that, if he took this position, the South Australian 政府 would stop his 年金.

Evidently there was some probability of the 任命, for both the Empire (30th May, 1859) in Sydney, and the South Australian 登録（する） (6th June) 発表するd the 任命. In the Empire, however, the authenticity of the news was questioned.

[12-4] It is 確かな that, on 27th May, 1858. Sturt had 演説（する）／住所d to the 国務長官 a formal 使用／適用 for 任命 to this 地位，任命する, setting out his experience and 資格s. His 初めの 使用／適用 carries an office notation 時代遅れの 6th June 明言する／公表するing that his "使用／適用 will not fail to be duly considered by Lord Stanley"--then follow notations by さまざまな other officers about Sturt's experience in South Australia--but while this was going on, Stanley himself 削減（する） the discussion short with this minute:

[12-4 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London, 5158, New South むちの跡s]

"Captain Sturt has 適用するd for the new 政府 of Moreton Bay, whenever that is created. I 疑問 whether this request can be 従うd with, for Sir Wm. Denison had a 完全にする 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of officeholders ready--all of them gentlemen 現実に on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す--but I wish to leave on 記録，記録的な／記録する my hope that something may be done for Captain Sturt.

"His 企業 and adventure--his services in the 原因（となる） of Australian 発見, and his general abilities, as they appeared to me, 示す him as one who may be useful for 植民地の service.

"I 令状 on public grounds only, never having seen Capt. Sturt until a few days ago." (31st May.)

What happened between that time (May, 1858) and the 確信して 期待s of 1859 is not known. A 記念の in the 形態／調整 of a 嘆願（書） from a number of 居住（者）s of Moreton Bay, praying for Sturt's 任命 as 知事, was sent to the 植民地の Office in 1859. By this time Bulwer Lytton was 国務長官.

But, whatever happened, Sturt was not 任命するd: and Stanley's minute, as 引用するd above, is the epitaph on his life in the service of his country: he served 大いに, he deserved 井戸／弁護士席, he was not rewarded.

In 1859 （機の）カム the first 調印するs of failing health: he wrote to 圧力をかけて脅す（悩ます）, in Adelaide, that he was 苦しむing from rheumatism and could not 動かす.

In 1860, four 私的な 国民s paid a practical 尊敬の印 to Sturt. Mr. E. B. Scott, in a letter to Sturt (20th October, 1860) advised him that four of them, Messrs. Fletcher, Parry, Crosier and himself, had, at the first sale of 栄冠を与える lands at Wentworth, 購入（する）d two allotments in Sturt's 指名する, and he could collect the 肩書を与える 行為s at the Lands Office in Sydney.

From 1860 onwards, he was then sixty-five years old, was a period of 減らすing activity.

To this period belongs the 探検隊／遠征隊 to Central and Northern Australia of his old companion, McDouall Stuart, which has already been 公式文書，認めるd. Through Stuart, his faithful friend, did Sturt, vicariously reach that centre of the continent which "for some wise 目的 was 否定するd to me." In the summer of 1862-63 he 苦しむd a 長引かせるd illness from which he 回復するd. Letters from his friends （機の）カム 定期的に. Harris Browne wrote telling him, の中で other things, that Howitt had caught the roan horse they had turned loose on Cooper Creek sixteen years before. In 1864 he lost his son Evelyn, who died in India from コレラ: this was the one 広大な／多数の／重要な 悲しみ that clouded his last years.

In 1866 he wrote to his old friend, Sir Charles Cooper, that his sight was much worse, and he was unable to read his own 令状ing.

In March, 1869, he …に出席するd a dinner of the 植民地の Society, where it was 発表するd that the 政府 ーするつもりであるd to 延長する to the 植民地s the order of St. Michael and St. George. As to その後の events there is a 衝突 of 証言.

Sturt wrote to Cooper (5th April, 1869), that he had been 勧めるd to send in his （人命などを）奪う，主張するs, and although 気が進まない, 許すd himself to be talked over. He wrote to 式服, who took the letter to Grey: the two then 共同で 演説（する）／住所d a letter to the 国務長官. Sturt then wrote to thank Grey, and, in reply, received a curious letter, in which occurs the に引き続いて passage:

"When first told of your wanting this new order I was averse to your getting it, and still am so...The highest class of the order is held by men of no service or repute, and will 追加する nothing to your dignity or 評判.

"I thought you greater as an overlooked man, tranquil and 患者 under neglect, and calmly 満足させるd that his services, sufferings and success in arduous undertakings would be fully 認めるd by a 感謝する posterity, than I shall think of you as a member of an order unknown in England, and in that order inferior in 階級 to men to whom in services and （人命などを）奪う，主張するs you are incomparably superior."

The letter which Sturt wrote in reply to this is not 引用するd here; it 含む／封じ込めるs no 証拠 of 憤慨, but 伝えるs warm thanks to Grey for his co-操作／手術 with 式服:

"I do not know how I can 十分に thank you for your 肉親，親類d and most ready co-操作／手術 with 式服 on my に代わって."

[12-5] It has been said of Grey that he never learned to 苦しむ his equals 喜んで.

[12-5 Hall: Australia and England. p.55.]

An 利益／興味ing sequel to all this was Grey's speech in Adelaide twenty-two years later.

[12-6] As Sir George Grey, K.C.B., he revisited Adelaide in 1891 and at a public dinner gave his 見解／翻訳／版 of the knighthood story: it was 大幅に the same as that given, above, except that he took to himself the 主要な 役割 and 十分な credit for having 始めるd the whole 事柄, approaching 式服 and Young, and making a 共同の approach to the 植民地の Office.

[12-6 Adelaide 観察者／傍聴者, 18th April, 1891.]

Where there is any credit to be 伸び（る）d, memories are often unreliable, and perhaps Grey had forgotten that it was 式服 who had approached him; and perhaps he did not wish to remember the letter he had written to Sturt.

The request was 認めるd, and the 事柄 so, far 前進するd that Sturt had the knowledge that he was to receive the K.C.M.G.; but, on the afternoon of 16th June, 1869, Charles Sturt, without a 肩書を与える, sitting in a 議長，司会を務める alone, with no 警告, and without 苦痛, passed from this life.

Although Sturt never received his 肩書を与える, the Queen graciously gave 許可 for Mrs. Sturt to use the 肩書を与える of Lady Sturt.

The eldest son, Napier, wrote to Davenport telling him the sad news; he said that Sturt's manner was so young and happy that the death was やめる 予期しない, and spoke feelingly of his father's gentleness and 親切.

They 嘘（をつく） together in the same 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な at Prestbury, 近づく Cheltenham, under the に引き続いて 尊敬の印:

[ebook editor's 公式文書，認める: A 代表者／国会議員 of the Cheltenham 地元の History Society has advised that the 演説（する）／住所 should be:--
"Cheltenham 共同墓地 and Crematorium,
Bouncers 小道／航路. Cheltenham."
It seems that it is 原因（となる）ing 混乱 to many Australian 訪問者s, as Prestbury Village does ajoin Cheltenham 共同墓地, but has it's own Church with a small graveyard. July 2008.]

"CHARLES STURT, CAPTAIN 39th DORSET REGIMENT, AUSTRALIAN EXPLORER (NOMINATED K.C.M.G.), SECOND SON OF THOMAS LENOX NAPIER STURT, BORN 28th APRIL, 1795, DIED 16th JUNE, 1869.

"ALSO HIS WIFE, DAME CHARLOTTE CHRISTIANA STURT, ELDEST DAUGHTER OF COLONEL WILLIAM SHEPPY GREENE, BORN 10th AUGUST, 1801, DIED 5th JUNE, 1887.

"YEA THOUGH I WALK THROUGH THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH, I FEAR NO EVIL, FOR THOU ART WITH ME."

[12-7] The beautiful headstone was designed by Mr. Lionel Muirhead, brother of Mrs. N. G. Sturt.

[12-7 私的な letter from 行方不明になる Katherine Sturt to Dr. C. Fenner, 22nd June, 1948.]

After his death there was 時折の communication from the family. Lady Sturt wrote to Messrs. Wright Brothers, of Adelaide, 関心ing the 賃貸し（する） of Grange, which--although 占領するd by Mr. パン職人--who had "購入（する）d" it in 1847 (see p. 149) was still the 所有物／資産／財産 of the Sturt family,* also making enquiry 関心ing the "two Wentworth 封鎖するs 明らかに owned by Captain Sturt." In 見解（をとる） of the inscription on the monumental 石／投石する over the 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な at Cheltenham it is to be 公式文書，認めるd that Lady Sturt, in her correspondence with the Wright Brothers, asks them to 演説（する）／住所 correspondence to her as "Lady Sturt."

*It appears to have been sold not long afterward. 158

The two sons, Napier and Charles, both had distinguished 軍の careers; the daughter, Charlotte, remained unmarried. It was the wife of Napier who was the 伝記作家--author of the Life of Charles Sturt.

Lady Sturt was 認めるd a Civil 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） 年金 of &続けざまに猛撃する;80 p.a.--she 生き残るd her husband for 18 years, and joined him in death on 5th June, 1887.

CHAPTER XIII - 尊敬の印s and 記念のs

Many 尊敬の印s have been paid to Sturt during the eighty years since his death. The 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of his lifelong friends tells its own story. Hume and Macleay, who saw him under 強調する／ストレス, never 滞るd in a long friendship. Eyre, then a very old man 令状ing in 18%, spoke of the 負債 借りがあるing by him in knowledge and friendship: the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） could be continued in a long harmony of 証言 to his 技術 in leadership and the nobility of his character.

The 大統領 of the 王室の Geographical Society 配達するd a 記念の 尊敬の印 to his work.

Of himself he wrote:

"I never 始める，決める a value on life for living's sake, and I can say with truth that I never 恐れるd death. I have been ambitious but have never sought honours. Neither has my ambition been selfish, and I 信用 I have given to others the credit they have deserved."

One of the humblest of his associates, Daniel Brock, 率d as "collector" on the last 探検隊／遠征隊, said of him years afterward (7th August, 1858):

[13-1] "非，不，無 but those who were with him could 見積（る） the 危険，危なくするs, the dangers, the difficulties to which on his last 探検隊／遠征隊 he was exposed.

"Many may have 交流d with Sturt the friendships of 国内の life; but only those who have been with him in his 旅行s could know his courage and his coolness. Often when the safety of the whole party hung upon his next movement, they knew that he would do all that it was possible for man to do, and they 信用d in him."

[13-1 Life. p.323.]

Nothing, after a hundred years, has come to light which casts the slightest 影をつくる／尾行する on these judgments of the man Charles Sturt: every fresh 証拠 確認するs and 高めるs them.

Apart from the written 証言s to the character of this 広大な／多数の／重要な man, his memory has been honoured in many ways.

His 指名する has been given to a 郡 and a mountain in New South むちの跡s, to a geographical subdivision (a 郡 which is, 適切な, along the west bank of the Murray) in South Australia, a geographical subdivision in Queensland, a 連邦の 選挙（人）の 分割, a creek which crosses the 国境 between Western Australia and the Northern 領土, a river in South Australia, to the lock on the Murray at Wentworth, to the main interstate 主要道路 from Gundagai to Renmark, and to one of the main avenues in Canberra, the Australian 資本／首都.

His 指名する also 永久的に 示すs one of the two headlands 側面に位置するing the southern 出口 from Lake Alexandrina.

Some 警告 should be given about "Sturt trees." There is a 地元の vague legend of one at Illiliwa 近づく Hay, and of another at Wentworth. No 証拠 has been 設立する which would support the authenticity of either of these. The only two trees known definitely to have been 示すd by Sturt are the tree at Poole's 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な, the tree (the 炎 示す but not the inscription) at Fort Grey, and the "C.A.E." tree at Menindie--of which no trace can now be 設立する.

The "H.H." tree 近づく Bourke was 示すd by Hume

Pictures have been painted by さまざまな artists of 出来事/事件s in Sturt's 旅行s.

In 1930 general 承認 was given to the centenary of the 旅行 負かす／撃墜する the Murray to the sea. The 連邦／共和国 政府 問題／発行するd a commemorative stamp, and the Geographical and Historical Societies 連合させるd in the erection of 記念の cairns at a number of points along the Murrumbidgee and Murray Rivers from Gundagai to the sea. Photographs of three of these are in this 容積／容量.

In 1945 祝賀s were held in Adelaide and Broken Hill to 示す the centenary of the Central Australian 探検隊／遠征隊: on this occasion cairns were 築くd at さまざまな points on the 大勝する as far as Innamincka; and a plaque on the 前線 of the Bank of Adelaide, King William St., Adelaide, 示すs the scene of the 探検隊／遠征隊's 出発 on 10th August, 1844.

A striking 法令 of Sturt stands in Victoria Square, Adelaide.

On 16th June, 1948, the 周年記念日 of Sturt's death, an 利益／興味ing 儀式 was held at Cheltenham, England. On that day the 市長 of Cheltenham 現在のd to the Australian High Commissioner, Mr. J. Beasley, the water 瓶／封じ込める carried by Sturt on the Central Australian 探検隊／遠征隊. This 瓶／封じ込める was given by Charles Sturt to a taxidermist, Mr. White: later Mr. White gave it to another taxidermist, Mr. Clarke, whose 未亡人 gave it to the Cheltenham Museum. It is now to be held 永久的に by the 国家の Library at Canberra.

In 新規加入 to receiving this water 瓶／封じ込める, Mr. Beasley 明かすd a plaque on the house at 19 Clarence Square, Cheltenham, and, later, 工場／植物d a wattle on Sturt's 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な.

It is appropriate to について言及する in 結論 that, in 1945, the 国民s of Adelaide subscribed to a 基金, the proceeds from which were sent to the 市長 of Cheltenham; who, on に代わって of the 会議, undertook to use the money for keeping Sturt's 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な in order.

EPILOGUE

This is the story of a man of unusual 質. 警報 to 観察する, he 公式文書，認めるd and 正確に identified the 工場／植物s and minerals he saw on his 旅行s, even to the "支持を得ようと努めるd-opal" in the 地域 of [E-1] Tibooburra.

[E-1 Narr. Cent. 1.242.]

Careful in deduction he, the first European to cross this country, 正確に deduced that "during the primeval period, a sea covered the 砂漠s over which I wandered." With pre-見通し, the result of 論理（学）の 推論する／理由ing, he 予報するd the 運命／宿命 of the Western 内部の with precision that has been fully 設立するd. Unshakeable in courage and 決意, he 完全にするd the 仕事s he undertook. He was sent to 設立する the 運命／宿命 of the Macquarie River, he was sent to put an end to all 憶測 about the Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers, he was sent to 決定する the nature of the Central 内部の: all these he did with a thoroughness which left no 範囲 for any who might follow. His leadership was 慎重な: he would go to the 限界s of safety, but not beyond: his life-line was often stretched very taut but never broke.

His leadership was humane--the life-long friendship and 尊敬（する）・点 shown by those who 株d all 危険s with him is 証拠 enough. His 約束 in God was real and, 確固たる, his belief in Divine 保護 was not affectation--"not to myself do I （許可，名誉などを）与える any credit."

It is true that he failed; he failed to find an inland sea; he failed to 安全な・保証する high 公式の／役人 position; at the very last, when an honourable 肩書を与える was 認めるd, and his 手渡す stretched out to take it, even then he was 否定するd that last reward. If those were 失敗s--he failed. But in courage in adversity, in strength of character and nobility of soul, and, in an 耐えるing memory of these as an inspiration to all Australians, he did not fail.

APPENDIX A - Place 指名するs given by Sturt

Sturt makes 限定された 声明s 関心ing the 推論する／理由s for 確かな place 指名するs given by him: but 関心ing others there is not the same certainty.

The に引き続いて place-指名するs are 限定された:

Oxley's （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する Land       John Oxley
D'都市の's Group          Benjamin D'都市の, 指名する given at the request of Condamine
Dunlop's 範囲           At Hume's Request
River Darling            知事 Darling
Rufus River              George Macleay
Lindesay River           陸軍大佐 Lindesay
Mt. Barker               Captain Barker
Point Macleay            George Macleay
River Murray             国務長官 Murray
Lake Alexandrina         Queen Victoria
障壁 or Stanley 範囲 Lord Stanley
Mt. Arrowsmith           The cartographer Arrowsmith
Fort Grey                知事 Grey
Cooper's Creek           裁判官 Cooper
Eyre's Creek             E. J. Eyre
Hamilton's Plains        外科医 Hamilton (This 指名する is not now used)

Beyond this 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） there is いっそう少なく certainty. There are two sources of （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）--the Counsel tracing and the Arrowsmith 地図／計画する. The Counsel tracing 用意が出来ている in 1846 from Sturt's own 記録，記録的な／記録するs has the に引き続いて 指名するs, in 新規加入 to those given above:

Mt. Darling
Mt. 式服
Mt. Bourke
Mt. King
Mt. Gipps

These are all 指名するs of 知事s:

Flood's Creek
吊りくさび Hill
Piesse's Hill
Mt. Poole
Mt. Browne
Mt. Stuart

These are 指名するs of members of the 探検隊／遠征隊:

Morphett's Creek
Campbell's Creek
Burr's Creek
McDonald's 頂点（に達する）
Frome's Creek
Mundy Creek
Torrens' Creek
Blackwood's 頂点（に達する）
ワットs' Creek
O'Halloran's Creek
Lake Lipson
Evelyn Creek
Mt. 支持を得ようと努めるd
Stokes' 範囲

These are all 指名するs with Adelaide 協会s:

Hope's Plains, the origin of which is unknown.

In 新規加入 were:

Strzelecki's Creek
Leichhardt's Creek
Macleay's Plains

which explain themselves.

[A-1] Mt. Shannon may have been 指名するd after the Edinburgh clergyman について言及するd by Sturt in his Narrative of the Central 探検隊／遠征隊. The Arrowsmith 地図／計画する, 用意が出来ている three years later, while Sturt was in London, and, therefore probably in 協議 with him, 含む／封じ込めるs 付加 指名するs:

McLaren Creek
Gairdner Creek.

[A-1 Narr. 1.16.]

It is not known who 指名するd the Mt. Sturt of modern 地図／計画するs--north of Mt. Poole: the 指名する does not appear on the Arrowsmith 地図／計画する.

As to Grey 範囲, there is a little 混乱. The 指名する does not appear on the Counsel tracing, on which only the 指名する "Stanley's 範囲" appears; but this covers the whole broken country to north of 29 degrees S. latitude. On the Arrowsmith 地図／計画する the 指名する 障壁 or Stanley 範囲 適用するs as far north as The Pinnacle: but from Mt. Arrowsmith north the 指名する Grey 範囲 appears.

On modern 公式の／役人 地図／計画するs the 指名する Grey 範囲 is 適用するd only north of 29 degrees S.--the Queensland 国境. Sturt speaks in his Narrative of the large interval of low, depressed country between Stanley's and Grey's 範囲s--so it is （疑いを）晴らす that he 権限を与えるd the 指名するing on the Arrowsmith 地図／計画する. Nowhere does he について言及する the origin of the 指名する, but as the Narrative is 献身的な to Earl Grey, Stanley's 後継者, the obvious deduction is reasonable.

APPENDIX B

By His Excellency Lieut.-General Ralph Darling.

To Charles Sturt, Esq., Capt. in the 39th 連隊 of Foot.

反して it has been 裁判官d expedient to fit out an 探検隊／遠征隊 for the 目的 of 調査するing the 内部の of New Holland, and the 現在の 乾燥した，日照りの season affords an excellent prospect of ascertaining the nature and extent of the large 沼 or 沼s which stopt the 進歩 of the late John Oxley, Esq., Surveyor-General, in に引き続いて the courses of the Rivers Lachlan and Macquarie in the years 1817 and 1818:

And 反して I repose 十分な 信用／信任 in your abilities and zeal for 行為／行うing such an 探検隊／遠征隊 I do hereby 構成する and 任命する you to 命令（する） and take 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the 探検隊／遠征隊 now 準備するing for the 目的 of 調査するing the 内部の of the country and for ascertaining if practicable the nature and extent of the 沼 or 沼s above について言及するd.

In the 起訴 of this service you will be guided 一般に by the に引き続いて 指示／教授／教育s:

(1) You will be …を伴ってd on this 探検隊／遠征隊 by Mr. Hamilton Hume, whose 広大な／多数の／重要な experience in travelling through the remote parts of the country cannot fail to be useful to you. You will also be …に出席するd by two 兵士s and six 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, of whom one is to understand the shoeing of horses, one to be a carpenter, and one a harness 製造者, and three stockmen, and you will be 供給するd with six horses and twelve bullocks.

(2) A small boat has been built here for the use of the 探検隊／遠征隊, and for its conveyance there is 供給するd a light four-wheeled carriage to be drawn by 2 bullocks. The 副 Commissioner...has received orders for 供給（する）ing the 探検隊／遠征隊 with 準備／条項s of the best 質 十分な for six months' 消費 together with テントs, 一面に覆う／毛布s, 着せる／賦与するing, Packsaddles, Utensils, 器具s, 道具s and necessaries of all 肉親，親類d of which you are likely to stand in need: orders are also given for 供給するing you with 武器, 弾薬／武器 and ロケット／急騰するs for signals and ample 供給（する） of simple 薬／医学s.

You are to consider it an important 義務 to …に出席する to the 供給するing of all these 供給（する）s and to take care not only that every article is of the best 質 that can be procured, but also that no article be wanting with which you may 願望（する） to be 供給するd.

(3) Orders are given for 今後ing without 延期する all your 準備／条項s, 蓄える／店s and 供給（する）s of any 肉親，親類d to Wellington Valley, at which place you, Mr. Hume and all your men are to rendezvous as soon as possible.

Mr. Maxwell, the Superintendent, will furnish you with trained bullocks and afford you all the 援助 you may 要求する in arranging everything for your 出発 from the 駅／配置する.

(4) After you shall have 完全にするd all your 手はず／準備 you are to lose no time in finally 出発／死ing from Wellington Valley in 起訴 of the 即座の 反対するs of the 探検隊／遠征隊.

(5) You are first to proceed to 開始する Harris where you are to form a 一時的な 倉庫・駅 by means of which you will have an 適切な時期 of more readily communicating with Mr. Maxwell.

(6) You are then to endeavour to 決定する the 運命／宿命 of the Macquarie River by tracing it as far as possible beyond the point at which Mr. Oxley went and by 押し進めるing 西方の you are to ascertain if there be any high lands in that direction or if the country be, as is supposed, an 無傷の level and under water.

If you should fail in those 反対するs you will 横断する the plains lying behind our north-west 境界s with a 見解（をとる） to skirt any waters by which you may have been Checked to the 西方の and southward as far as possible endeavouring to discover the Macquarie beyond the 沼 of Mr. Oxley and に引き続いて it to its mouth if at all practicable.

(7) There is some 推論する／理由 to believe that the 洪水ing of the Macquarie when visited by Mr. Oxley was occasioned by the 強い雨s 落ちるing in the mountains to the eastward and that as you will visit the same 位置／汚点／見つけ出す in a different season of the year you may escape such 当惑; but although you should get beyond the point at which Mr. Oxley stopped it would not be 慎重な to 危険 your own health and that of your men by continuing long in a swampy country.' Therefore it may be advisable for you in the first instance to leave the greater part of your men, bullocks and baggage at 開始する Harris, and if you should see a probability of your 存在 able to cross into the 内部の you will return to 開始する Harris for such 付加 供給（する）s as you may 裁判官 necessary. You can then communicate with Mr. Maxwell 尊敬（する）・点ing any ulterior 手はず／準備 which you may be desirous of making.

(8) The success of the 探検隊／遠征隊 is so 望ましい an 反対する that I cannot too 堅固に impress upon you the importance of perseverance in endeavouring to skirt any waters or 沼s which may check your course as long as you have 準備／条項s 十分な for your return, but you must be 用心深い not to proceed a 選び出す／独身 day's 旅行 その上の than where you find that your 準備／条項s will be barely 十分な to enable you to reach the nearest place at which you can depend upon getting その上の 供給（する）s.

(9) If after every endeavour you should find it 全く impossible to get to the 西方の you are still to proceed northward, keeping as westerly a direction as possible, and when the 明言する／公表する of your 準備／条項s will 強いる you to 退却／保養地, you will be guided by your latitude as to the place to which you are to make the best of your way, but you are not make for any place on the coast if Wellington Valley should still be nearer.

(10) You must be aware that the success of the 探検隊／遠征隊 will 大いに depend upon the time for which your 準備／条項s will 持つ／拘留する out and therefore you will see the 広大な／多数の／重要な importance of 観察するing every possible economy in the 支出 of 準備／条項s and 妨げるing waste of every 肉親，親類d.

(11) You are to keep a 詳細（に述べる）d account of your 訴訟／進行s in a 定期刊行物 in which all 観察s and occurrences of every 肉親，親類d, with all their circumstances, however minute, are to be carefully 公式文書，認めるd 負かす／撃墜する.

You are to be particular in 述べるing the general 直面する of all the country through which you pass, the direction and 形態／調整 of all the mountains, whether detached or in 範囲s, together with their bearings and 概算の distances of the several mountains, hills, or eminences from each other.

You are likewise to 公式文書，認める the nature of the 気候 as to heat, 冷淡な, moisture, 勝利，勝つd, rains and to keep a 登録（する） of the 気温 from Fahrenheit's 温度計 as 観察するd at two or three periods each day.

The rivers, with their several 支店s, their direction, velocity, breadth and depth, are carefully to be 公式文書，認めるd. It is その上の 推定する／予想するd that you will, as far as may be in your 力／強力にする, …に出席する to the animal, vegetable and mineral 生産／産物s of the country, 公式文書，認めるing 負かす／撃墜する everything that may occur to you and 保存するing 見本／標本s as far as your means will 許す, 特に some of all the 熟した seeds that you may discover. When the 保護 of 見本／標本s is impossible, 製図／抽選s or 詳細（に述べる）d accounts of them are very 望ましい.

(12) You will 公式文書，認める the description of the several people whom you may 会合，会う, the extent of the 全住民, their 指名するs, their means of subsistence, their genius and disposition, the nature of their amusements, their 病気s and 治療（薬）s, their 反対するs of worship, 宗教的な 儀式s, and a vocabulary of their language.

Lastly, on your return from your 旅行, you are to 原因（となる） all the 定期刊行物s or other 文書s belonging to, and curiosities collected by, the several individuals 構成するing the 探検隊／遠征隊, to be carefully 調印（する）d up with your own 調印（する） and kept in that 明言する／公表する until you shall have made your 報告（する）／憶測 to me in 令状ing of the result of the 探検隊／遠征隊.

Memorandum by Sturt on the 器具／備品 for the First 探検隊／遠征隊.

Strength of party to 侵入する into the 内部の of New South むちの跡s.

Captain Sturt
Mr Hume
Two 兵士s one 存在 a servant.
Six 囚人s of the 栄冠を与える, of these:
One to understand shoeing horses
One to be a carpenter
One to be a harness 製造者
Three to be stockmen.

Number of horses and bullocks for the above party:

1 Horse for Mr. Hume
4 Packhorses for quick movements Bullocks
2 草案 for the Boat
10 Pack for 準備／条項s.

(These were not the actual numbers of animals taken. See p. 14)

A. Return of 準備／条項s for a party of ten persons calculated for five
months:

                         lbs
Flour                   2000
Pork, boned              400
Sugar                    250
タバコ                   50
Tea                       50
Salt                      50
保存するd meat       8 事例／患者s
Soap                      50
Saltpetre                  3
Vinegar, 1 gallon          8
Lime Juice, 2 瓶／封じ込めるs      4
黒人／ボイコット Pepper, ground       7

B. Return of 準備／条項s for a party of ten persons calculated for five
weeks:

                         lbs
Three 捕らえる、獲得するs of 薄焼きパン／素焼陶器    336
Pork, boned              100
Tea                       10
Sugar                     50
タバコ                   10
Soap                      10
Rice                      25

Return of 着せる／賦与するing 要求するd:

Frocks                    16
Shirts                     8
Stockings                 16
Trousers                   8
Hats                       8
Shoes                     21
一面に覆う／毛布s                  16

Return of packsaddles, horse 任命s, etc., 要求するd:

Packsaddles               14
Extra Hobbles             14
始める，決めるs of Horse Shoes       28
Extra Nails             2000
Tether ropes               8
Blacksmith's 大打撃を与える        1
Paring Knife               1
Pincers                    1
Rasp                       1
Scissors                   1
Pack Thread           lbs. 2
Needles                    1
Coarse thread             12
Small 量 of spare
leather Bristles

General 供給（する） for carrying 準備／条項s:

バーレル／樽s for meat           9
捕らえる、獲得するs for flour            23
Tin 事例／患者 for sugar         4
Tin 事例／患者 for Tea           2
捕らえる、獲得する for salt               1
Breakers for water         5
Padlocks for 事例／患者s        16
Tarpaulins                 6
Haversacks                10
For general 目的s:
テントs                      2
Ropes for crossing rivers  2
Boat compass               1
Telescope                  1
航海の almanack          1
Tin 事例／患者 for charts        1
Hooks (one paper)
Lines                     12
アイロンをかける boilers               3
Tin dishes                10
Knives and spoons         10
Frying pans (long 扱うs) 2
Tinder boxes and matches   2
（軍の）野営地，陣営 kettle                1
アイロンをかける kettle                1
Stilliards
(to 重さを計る 100lbs. in a box)1
Pannikins                 10
Sieve, 罰金                1
Felling axes               2
Tomahawks                  4
大打撃を与えるs                    2
Saws                       1
法案 hooks                 3
売春婦s                       3
Alls                       3
かみそりs                     4
小衝突s                    4
徹底的に捜すs                      4

武器, etc.:
Carbines                   5
Balls for carbines       350
Flints, small             50
Cartridge papers           3 quires
Twine                      3 skeins
Port 解雇する／砲火／射撃s                 6
Turnscrews                 1
ロケット／急騰するs                   18
Canister 砕く       lbs. 5

SPECIAL

A small boat with light spirit sail 完全にする
Small Union Jack and canvas cover
Light four-wheeled carriage for boat
Harness for two oxen.

薬／医学s in small 量s
Epsom salts
Sulphate of Quineen
Comp. 砕く of Ipecacuanha
Laudanum
Calomel
Blue pills
甘い oil

For the horses:
Eau de Luce for snakebites and the usual 薬／医学s.

APPENDIX C

協定 entered into between Charles Sturt and the Parties 雇うd by him in the service of Her Majesty's 政府:

反して the 権利 Honourable Lord Stanley, Her Majesty's 主要な／長／主犯 国務長官 of the 植民地s, has directed that an 探検隊／遠征隊 shall be fitted out to 調査する the Central Parts of the continent of Australia, has 任命するd Charles Sturt, Esquire, to the 命令（する） of the said 探検隊／遠征隊, and has その上の 権限を与えるd the said Charles Sturt to 雇う such persons as he may consider qualified for such a service, at the 率 of 給料 and 供給（する） of rations hereinafter について言及するd.

Be it therefore agreed between the said Charles Sturt and us whose 指名するs are hereto 別館d, that, for and in consideration of the sum of One 続けざまに猛撃する 英貨の／純銀の per week and rations as follows: viz., 10 lbs. of flour, 2 lbs. of sugar, ¼ lb. of tea, ¼ lb. of タバコ and 2 oz. of soap 週刊誌, we each of us both severally and collectively agree to …を伴って the said Charles Sturt on the said 探検隊／遠征隊, to obey all orders by him given, and to 適合する to the discipline he may consider necessary, and to this end we engage to take our turn on night guard, as it shall be 設立するd: and we その上の agree to be diligent and attentive not only in the 義務s which may be 割り当てるd to us, 個々に, but to make ourselves 一般に useful and to 促進する to the best of our ability the success of the 探検隊／遠征隊, obeying all the lawful orders of our superiors and 持続するing peace and harmony amongst ourselves, and we hereby engage to remain with the said Charles Sturt until the 完成 of the service for which we are 雇うd, or until such time as it shall be necesary for him to 発射する／解雇する us: the said Charles Sturt engaging on his part to defray the expense of our passage Home should we be 発射する／解雇するd at any Port away from the 州, and 反して no について言及する of the 量 of meat be 許すd for the 週刊誌 ration be it agreed between us and the said Charles Sturt that so long as it can be 供給（する）d the 量 to be 問題／発行するd shall be ten (10) 続けざまに猛撃するs to each individual of fresh meat, or six (6) 続けざまに猛撃するs of bacon: but we whose 指名するs are hereunto affixed agree to 融通する ourselves to circumstances, and cheerfully acquiesce in any 協定 it may be considered necessary to make for our 利益 and ultimate good or when the 利益／興味s of the Service in which we have engaged shall 要求する us to do so.

And in default of any of these 協定s we hereby 同意 to have such 部分 of our 給料 没収されるd us as in his just discretion the said Charles Sturt shall 決定する, and we その上の agree to obey the officer who shall 後継する the said Charles Sturt in the event of any unforeseen 事故 to him occurring the same in all 尊敬（する）・点s as if he were still our Leader; and, lastly, we 貯蔵所d ourselves to 服従させる／提出する with cheerfulness and 辞職 to any privations or 裁判，公判s which the nature of the service or the 聖職拝命（式） of Providence may bring upon us.

APPENDIX D

NOTE 1: John Harris, whose 指名する as 明言する／公表するd on his marriage 証明書 was Joseph Harris, was a 私的な in the 39th 連隊, and while so serving was "servant" to Sturt. He was married in Ireland and （機の）カム to Australia with Sturt. He was with Sturt on both the first and second 探検隊／遠征隊s and went with him to Norfolk Island, where the eldest Harris son was born. In 承認 of his services on the two 探検隊／遠征隊s he was given a 認める of land of 100 acres at West Dapto (the date of the 認める was 6th Dec., 1832): here he settled with his family becoming a 高度に 尊敬（する）・点d 開拓する of this 地区. The land 初めは 認めるd is still in the 所有／入手 of the family.

Fraser was also given a 認める of land of 100 acres at the same time as Harris and took up his land next to Harris at West Dapto. However, he soon sold this land to Harris. He died in 1843 (Life. p. 30).

The （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） in this 公式文書，認める was 供給（する）d to me by 行方不明になる E. M. Harris of West Dapto, a granddaughter of Joseph Harris.

NOTE 2: 政府 Surveyor, A. W. Mullen, in 1915, 位置を示すd the end point of this 旅行 as the junction of the Gunderbooka or Hume Creek with the Darling River.

NOTE 3: 憶測 as to the extent to which Sturt 影響（力）d the 鮮明度／定義 of the 境界s of the new 州 of South Australia is 利益／興味ing but, at 現在の, 十分な説得力のない. The first occasion which, has, up till now, been traced upon which 明確な／細部 境界s were 提案するd was a 小冊子 (it is 推定するd to have been 用意が出来ている by Wakefield) in which the 提案するd 境界s for the 示唆するd new 州 were 132 deg. to 141 deg. E. longtitude. This 小冊子 is 時代遅れの 1831, i.e., after Sturt's 発見 of the Murray River.

The first （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） of a reliable 肉親，親類d which could have reached England was 含む／封じ込めるd in Sturt's letters to his father which left Sydney in May, 1830. There is 十分な 証拠 that these had reached London by November, 1830.

But in the Mitchell Library in Sydney there is an 初めの letter written by Sturt to the 植民地の 長官 Macleay, 時代遅れの 23rd July, 1830, which 含む／封じ込めるs a long description of the rivers. In this description space is left for the longitude and latitude of the Darling-Murray junction, but these have not been 挿入するd.

On 9th June, 1831, 知事 Darling sent to England a despatch which was …を伴ってd by a 地図／計画する 用意が出来ている by Sturt showing the 大勝するs of each of his 探検隊／遠征隊s: but there is other 証拠 to show that Sturt had not taken longitude 観察s between the northwest bend at Morgan and the mouth of the Darling. This 地図／計画する, which cannot now be 位置を示すd would have reached London by December, 1831, but whether it had any 影響（力） in 確認するing 141 deg. as the eastern 境界 cannot now be 決定するd.

The first 草案 借り切る／憲章 for the company that was 提案するing to 設立する this new 州 was 時代遅れの 28th May, 1832 (ありふれたs paper 129--12/3/1841). This repeated the 境界s 132 deg. to 141 deg. East. This 事業／計画（する） remained 活動停止中の until the 外見 in 1833 of Sturt's Two 探検隊／遠征隊s into the 内部の of Southern Australia which .生き返らせるd 利益／興味 and enthusiasm for the 提案 to 設立する a new 植民地.

On 17th February, 1834, Sturt wrote a long memorandum at the request of the 植民地の Office in which he gave his 見解（をとる）s as to the suitability for 植民地化 of this 地域. In this he 受託するs the 提案するd 境界s 132-141 without comment.

On the whole the 証拠 at 現在の 利用できる does not 示唆する that Sturt 本人自身で 影響（力）d the 鮮明度／定義 of the 境界s, but it is difficult to 避ける the 結論 that the geographical 範囲 of his 発見s (特に the 発見 of the Murray mouth) に引き続いて upon the charting of the coastline by Flinders, 影響（力）d the minds of those who first 示唆するd the 鮮明度／定義 which was 最終的に 可決する・採択するd.

NOTE 4: The 切断機，沿岸警備艇 Dart had been ordered to sea from Sydney on 16th February with 指示／教授／教育s to search for Sturt: but this was 明確に too late. Sturt was 井戸／弁護士席 on his way home before the 大型船 even left Sydney.

NOTE 5: Dr. George Bennett (Wanderings in New South むちの跡s, etc. Vol. I, p. 240), who visited the 地域 in the summer of 1832-33 引用するs the に引き続いて 駅／配置するs then in 存在; the order of sequence is 石油精製 from Warby's along the Murrumbidgee:

Distance from
Mingay in miles    Minghee          Warby, Sen.
          2        Gundagiar        Hutchinson
          7        Willeplumer      Stuckey
         11        Kimo             Guise
         14        Wadjego          Mrs. Jenkins
         18        Nanghas          J. M'Arthur
         26        Jabtre           Ellis
         28        Wandubadjere     Thorn
         38        Kubandere        Thompson
         48        法案ing 法案ing  H. M'Arthur

NOTE 6: Grenfell Price in his 創立者s and 開拓するs of South Australia speaks of the Commissioners having sent out "Frome, whom they 任命するd Surveyor-General, 関わりなく the 永久の 任命s which Gawler must 明白に have made ーするために 安全な・保証する competent 公式の／役人s" and, later (loc. cit. pp. 146-7) he 言及するs to, and 引用するs, written 当局 given to Gawler.

Sturt, himself, in his 記念の to the Lords Commissioners of the 財務省 expressly relied on these written 当局. He said:

"陸軍大佐 Gawler at the same time made your memorialist 熟知させるd with his 指示／教授／教育s and the 当局 on which he was 訴訟／進行 to 再編成する the 調査する Department, which left no 疑問 either on your Memorialist's mind or of the friends with whom he 協議するd of the 力／強力にする given to the 知事 to 安全な・保証する the services of a competent officer and to 任命する him 永久的に Surveyor-General 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 on the 是認 of Her Majesty's 政府."

It has to be 公式文書，認めるd that Sturt's 任命 was gazetted in Adelaide on 2nd February, 1839--the 地位，任命する having been 申し込む／申し出d by Gawler in November, 1838. But the 当局 引用するd by Price were written in London in 1839 so they could not have any relation to this 任命.

What, then of Sturt's own 声明 that Gawler had "at the same time" (i.e., November, 1838) made known the 当局 on which he was 訴訟／進行 to reorganise the 調査する Department undoubtedly giving Gawler 力／強力にする to make a 永久の 任命.

The に引き続いて is the 十分な text of that 当局:

"Yesterday the 植民地化 Commissioners received a despatch from the 居住（者） Commissioner 時代遅れの Adelaide July 14th 明言する／公表するing that the Surveyor-General had 辞職するd and that his 辞職 had been followed by that of the greater part of the Assistant Surveyors.

"Under these circumstances the Commissioners are desirous of placing, and do hereby place, in your 手渡すs, the fullest and most ample 力／強力にするs to reorganise the 調査するing staff in whatever manner and to whatever extent may appear to you most expedient ーするために （判決などを）下す it efficient and to 治療（薬） as far as may be practicable the interruption and 延期する in the 進歩 of the 調査するs which these 辞職s will have occasioned.

"Reposing the fullest 信用／信任 in your zeal, energy and discretion the Commissioners will not 試みる／企てる to fetter or 妨げる the 解放する／自由な 演習 of your judgment by 定める／命ずるing 指示／教授／教育s or by tracing out any particular course of 訴訟／進行 for your 指導／手引. The 反対するs to be 達成するd are, to 促進する the 調査するs and to place the purchasers of land upon their 場所s with the least possible 延期する and the Commissioners have only to request that the 手はず／準備 which you may make for their attainment may be regarded as 一時的に and 一時的な so that it may be left open to the Board, when その上の （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） shall be received, to 決定する upon what 規模 the 調査するing staff shall be 永久的に 設立するd. The Commissioners hereby authorise you to 背負い込む any 付加 expense on account of the 調査する which you may みなす 必須の whether it be by 増加するing the strength of the 調査するing staff from the 隣人ing 植民地s, or in 契約ing with 私的な surveyors for the 早い 死刑執行 of an given 量 of work."

The sequence of events is 利益／興味ing. The memorandum just 引用するd was 時代遅れの 2nd December, 1838--it could not have reached Adelaide before May, 1839, and was 現実に not written until after Gawler had 申し込む／申し出d the 地位，任命する to Sturt.

Frome did not arrive until 18th September, 1839, so Sturt, between May and September must have been aware of the contents of this memorandum. In 見解（をとる）, too, of the gazette notice which qualified his 任命 "until Her Majesty's 楽しみ be known" it must have been known to all 関心d that the 任命 was not final.

The facts were all reviewed in the reply by the 植民地の Land and 移住 Commissioners to Sturt's 記念の of 1843 and they 結論するd that (referring to the letter above 引用するd) "the 任命 cannot be said to have proceeded on that authoriy...the letter in plain 条件 制限するd the 居住（者） Commissioner to 一時的な 対策." It seems （疑いを）晴らす that Start, when 準備するing his 記念の four years later, had become a little uncertain as to the sequence of events.

NOTE 7: There is a little 不確定 as to the time when this vase was 現在のd.

Mrs. Sturt (Life, p. 186) assumes it to have been in 1840 when he left his short-lived 任命 as Surveyor-General: but in a letter written to Lady Darling (14th September, 1847) written when he was about to leave Adelaide on a visit to England, Sturt said:

"The 調査する Department of which I was for a time the 長，率いる 現在のd me with a beautiful silver vase, and my friends 熱望して 心配するd my wants on board, and sent me sheep and poultry and other things."

The real date, however, was 井戸／弁護士席 before 1847.

NOTE 8: The story of the 交渉s 先行する 是認 for Sturt's Central Australia (1844-46) 探検隊／遠征隊 is, in 輪郭（を描く）, as follows:

Sturt wrote (25th January, 1843) to Stanley:

"...I would engage, natural and unconquerable 障害s excepted, to 横断する the Australian continent from East to West, and from north to south in two years."

He followed this letter with another (16th March, 1843) in which he said:

"If a line be drawn from Latitude 29 deg. 30 min. and, Longitude 144 deg. to the N.W. and another from Mt. Arden 予定 north they would 会合，会う a little to the northward of the tropics and there, my Lord, I will be bound to say a 罰金 country will one day or other be discovered."

In this second letter are 指示，表示する物s that Sturt had of his own impulse rather 修正するd the 広範囲にわたる 計画（する） 示唆するd in his first letter.

On the office とじ込み／提出するs in the 植民地の Office (papers now in Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office) is a minute 調印するd by Stanley in which appears:

"When Captain Sturt speaks of 横断するing the Continent from north to south and from east to west in two years a ちらりと見ること at the 地図／計画する...is 十分な to throw かなりの 疑問 on the 実現可能 of such an 企業. I feel that...I must 保留する the 許可／制裁 of the 政府 for so 無分別な an 請け負うing at least until I shall have received your opinion as to Captain Sturt's 現在の 明言する／公表する of health...and a more 詳細（に述べる）d explanation from Captain Sturt himself..."

This memorandum is 時代遅れの 13th September. Sturt's 提案s were submitted to Sir John Barrow who submitted comments (undated) in which appear the に引き続いて:

"Having looked over the 計画（する） 提案するd by Mr. Sturt for the 探検 of the 内部の of Australia it appears to me to comprehend a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 more than he or any other human 存在 could by any 可能性 遂行する in two years or in any number of years on one continued 探検隊／遠征隊...I know Mr. Sturt to be an intelligent and anxious man for 発見; and I am 説得するd that if the 反対する he has in 見解（をとる） could be 影響d he is the man to 請け負う it...There is, however, a 部分 of the Continent of Australia that may be 遂行するd in a reasonable time and at a 穏健な expense."

Barrow then 輪郭（を描く）d the 提案 to 診察する the 可能性 of a watershed north-west from the Darling--the 大勝する to be 予定 north from Mt. Arden.

There is a 味方する-line 公式文書，認める on the 初めの of this memorandum 調印するd by Stanley referring to the question of the 大勝する to be followed:

"On this point, I think 広大な／多数の／重要な latitude should be 許すd to the explorer."

It is very doubtful whether this 決定／判定勝ち（する） was 伝えるd to Sturt as in a letter to King, written from Adelaide on 11th August, 1844, the day of his 出発 on this 探検隊／遠征隊, he said:

"I am directed to go 予定 north of Mt. Arden."

But even while he was 令状ing this letter to King, his party had already 始める，決める out to follow the Murray-Darling 大勝する.

NOTE 9: There is a reasonable probability that the inscription "Sturt, 1845" was 削減（する） by 知事 Surveyor, A. W. Mullen, when he made an 公式訪問 to the Fort Grey 場所 in 1923.

I am indebted for this hint to Mr. John Stokie, of Broken Hill, whose uncle, Mr. Thomas Stokie, …を伴ってd Mr. Mullen at the latter's request, and pointed out the tree which was already 示すd.

Mr. Mullen on his return to Sydney sent Mr. Stokie the two 容積／容量s of Sturt's Central Australian 探検隊／遠征隊 narrative as a memento of this 旅行. The field 調書をとる／予約するs used by Mr. Mullen in his 1923 調査する of the Lake Pinneroo area are still held at the offices of the Western Lands （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 in Sydney. They 含む／封じ込める no 言及／関連 to this tree.

REFERENCES

NOTE ON THE REFERENCES

重要な to Abbreviations.

Life: Life of Charles Sturt by Mrs. N. G. Sturt. Smith, 年上の and Co. 1899.

H.R.A.: Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia. Pub. by 連邦／共和国 政府.

Mit. Lib.: Mitchell Library Papers.

Sturt Papers: Papers in the 所有／入手 of Sturt's grandson, Captain G. C. N. Sturt, which were 現在のd to Rhodes House Library, Oxford, on 24th November, 1948.

Two Exp.: Two 探検隊／遠征隊s into the 内部の of South Australia during the years 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831: Charles Sturt. Pub. Smith 年上のs 1833.

Narr. Cent.: Narrative of an 探検隊／遠征隊 into Central Australia: Charles Sturt. Pub. T. and W. Boone, 1849.

Archiv., S.A.: 古記録s Department, Adelaide.

R.G.S.S.A.: 訴訟／進行s of the 王室の Geographical Society, South Australian 支店.

R.A.H.S.: 処理／取引s of the 王室の Australian Historical Society, N. S.W.

CHAPTER I

1-1. Life p.22.

CHAPTER II

2-1 H.R.A. XII. xiii: XII. 147.
2-2 H.R.A. XIV. 106.
2-3 H.R.A. XIV. 111.
2-4 Life p.24.
2-5 H.R.A. XIII. 619.
2-6 H.R.A. XIV. 199.
2-7 Archiv.: S.A. A.663.
2-8 H.R.A. XIV. 471.
2-9 Ellis Macquarie p.494.
2-10 H.R.A. XII. 256, 535.
2-11 Mit. Lib. A.295.17.21.

CHAPTER III

3-1 支持を得ようと努めるd: 発見 of Australia p.500.
3-2 Ellis: Macquarie p.493.
3-3 Mit. Lib. A.295.17.21.
3-4 Sturt Papers.
3-5 Narr. Cent.: 1.15.
3-6 Mit. Lib. A.1933.
3-7 H.R.A. XIV. 607, 721.

CHAPTER IV.
4-1 Hume: 陸路の 旅行 1824; 1873 Ed.
4-2 R.G.S.S.A. VIII 49.
4-3 A month in the bush of Australia. 国家の Library 小冊子s, Vol. IX.
4-4 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Under-長官, Lands Department, N.S.W.
4-5 R.A.H.S. 11.39.
4-6 Two Exp. 1.212.
4-7 The author is indebted to Mr. H. B. Rowlands, of Narrandera, for
    （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the section between Mt. Arthur and Narrandera.
4-8 Life p.58; Hume 陸路の 旅行 1824.
4-9 価値のある advice has been given by the Under-長官, Lands
    Department, N.S.W., and Mr. R. B. Ronald, of Nap Nap 駅／配置する.
4-10 Mills: The 植民地化 of Australia, p.10.
4-11 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London; 1415 South Australia.
4-12 H.R.A. XVI. 89.
4-13 H.R.A. XVI. 242.

CHAPTER V.

5-1 Mit. Lib. Minutes Exec. Co. Vol. 3. Appx. 4, p.225.
5-2 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London 5158. New South むちの跡s.
5-3 H.R.A. XVI. 338.
5-4 Sydney Gazette, 9th August, 1831.
5-5 H.R.A. XVI. 89.
5-6 H.R.A. XVI. 119.
5-7 H.R.A. XVI. 242.
5-8 H.R.A. XVI. 263.
5-9 H.R.A. XVI. 561.
5-10 R.A.H.S. VIII. 176.
5-11 H.R.A. XVI. 464.
5-12 H.R.A. XVI. 575.
5-13 H.R.A. XVI. 459.
5-14 H.R.A. XVII. 382.
5-15 H.R.A. XVI. 561.
5-16 H.R.A. XVII. 461.
5-17 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Under-長官, Lands Department,
     N.S.W.
5-18 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） kindly 供給（する）d by the 長，指導者 Botanist, Botanic Gardens,
     Sydney.
5-19 Sturt papers. Letter to Darling.
5-20 Life. p. 104.
5-21 Sturt papers.
5-22 McCarthy: History of the Four Georges and William IV. 11.328.
5-23 R.G.S.S.A. XVIII. 103.
5-24 H.R.A. XVII. 461.
5-25 Sturt papers.

6-1 Life. p.113, 108.
6-2 Life, p.108.
6-2 H.R.A. XVII. 461.
6-3 Life. p.113.
6-4 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Under-長官, Lands Department, N.S.W.
6-5 Robinson: Canberra's First Hundred Years. p.9.
6-6 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） kindly 供給（する）d by Mr. Jervis.
6-7 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the Mittagong 所有物／資産／財産 has been 供給（する）d by
     the Under-長官, Lands Department, Mr. A. V. J. Prry, of Bowral,
     and Mr. J. Jervis, of Sydney.
6-8 Backhouse: Narrative of a Visit to the Australian 植民地s. p.444.
6-9 White History of Australian Bushranging. 1.62.
6-10 H.R.A. XVII. 251.
6-11 Rainbow: Aust. Museum Mag. Vol. IV. No. 3. 1930. p.76.
6-12 Life. p.122.
6-13 Mit. Lib. Eyre's Autobiography MSS. A.1806. p.153-4.

CHAPTER VII.

7-1 Price: 創立者s and 開拓するs of South Australia. p.40.
7-2 Price: loc. cit. p.41.
7-3 Archie. S.A. Despatch No. 71. 12th Oct., 1843, from 長官
    of 明言する／公表する.
7-4 Uren and Stephens: Waterless Horizons. p.60.

CHAPTER VIII.

8-1 See 言及／関連s 6 and 7 in the previous 一時期／支部.
8-2 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London. C.O. 13/31.
8-3 Sturt papers.
8-4 Mills: The 植民地化 of Australia. p.233.
8-5 Price: 創立者s and 開拓するs of South Australia. p.146.
8-6 Life. p.155.
8-7 Life. p.179.
8-8 Archiv. S.A.
8-9 Mit. Lib. A.292. p.552.
8-10 Hawker: 早期に Experiences in South Australia. pp.39-47.
8-11 Archiv. S.A. A.713. B.2.
8-12 Chisholm: Strange New World. p.39.
8-13 Archiv. S.A. A.299. B.3: A.230. B.3.
8-14 Sturt papers: Letters to Darling, 25th Jan., 1843.
8-15 South Australian 登録（する）, 27th June, 1840.
8-16 Life. p.204.

CHAPTER IX.

9-1 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London. C.O. 13/31: 13/35.
9-2 Minutes of 会議, 24th July, 1841.
9-3 Sturt papers. Letter to Darling, 25th Jan., 1843.
9-4 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Surveyor-General, S.A.
9-5 Carlyle: Latter Day 小冊子s III.
9-6 Sturt papers.
9-7 Archiv. S.A. 895, No. 356. 787/1844/126, 127, 130.
9-8 Archiv. S.A. 895, No. 356.
9-9 Archiv. S.A. G.(1844), 186.
9-10 Archiv. S.A. A.(1844), 1480 et al.
9-11 Sturt papers.
9-12 H.R.A. XVIII 245.
9-12 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London. C.O. 201/340.
9-13 H.R.A. XXIV. 50.
9-14 H.R.A. XXIV. 51.
9-15 Letters in the 所有／入手 of the late Dr. H. 0. Lethbridge, of
     Narrandera: copies kindly 供給（する）d by Mrs. Lethbridge.
9-16 Archiv. S.A.
9-17 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London. C.O. 13/35.

CHAPTER X.

10-l Archiv. S.A. C.S.O. 901½ of 1844.
10-2 Archiv. S.A. G.(1845) 949: L.(1845) 24: A.(1846) 82: L.(1846)
     133, 134.
10-3 初めの letter in Archiv. S.A.
10-4 Adelaide 登録（する）, 14th Aug., 1844.
10-5 These 詳細（に述べる）s were 収集するd by Mr. G. H. Pitt after 言及／関連 to the
     actual diaries of Sturt and Browne--they are to be 設立する in pp.25-28
     of reprint 大（公）使館員d to Vol. 44 of the 訴訟／進行s of the 王室の Geog.
     Soc., S.A. 支店--in the S.A. 古記録s.
10-6 R.G.S.S.A. IV.127.
10-7 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Under-長官, Lands Department, N.S.W.
10-8 Archiv. S.A. 170. 25e: A.(1845) 1052½: A.(1845) 1037, 1041.
10-9 Archiv. S.A. 787/1845/123.
10-10 Madigan: Crossing the Dead Heart. p.151.
10-11 Madigan: loc. cit. p.81.
10-12 Ratcliffe: 飛行機で行くing Fox and Drifting Sand. p.270, 277, 291.
10-13 Parker and Somerville. Historical 熟考する／考慮するs. Vol. II, No. 8,
      Nov., 1943.
10-14 R.A.H.S. XIV. 219.
10-15 R.A.H.S. XIV. 223.
10-16 Archiv. S.A. A.(1845) 38.
10-17 R.G.S.S.A. IV. 129.
10-18 Archiv. S.A. 700, 17Z.: 558, 25f.
10-19 Archiv. S.A. L.(1846) 153.
10-20 Archiv. S.A. A.(1846) 187: L.(1846) 150, 151.

CHAPTER XI.
11-1 Archiv. S.A. A.(1847) 469: N.(1847) 207.
11-2 Archiv. S.A. (95, 25f).
11-3 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by Surveyor-General, S.A.
11-4 Hodder: History of South Australia. 1.254.
11-5 Archiv. S.A. A.(1851) 3918: S.(1851) 814, 818.
11-6 Archiv. S.A. A.(1851) 3940.
11-7 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Archivist, S.A.
11-8 Letters in 古記録s, S.A.

CHAPTER XII.
12-1 Mit. Lib. MSS. Letter. A.g.34.
12-2 Sturt papers.
12-3 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London, 855, Australia.
12-4 Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London, 5158, New South むちの跡s
12-5 Hall: Australia and England. p.55.
12-6 Adelaide 観察者／傍聴者, 18th April, 1891.
12-7 私的な letter from 行方不明になる Katherine Sturt to Dr. C. Fenner,
     22nd June, 1948.

CHAPTER XIII.
13-1 Life. p.323.

EPILOGUE
E-1 Narr. Cent. 1.242.

APPENDIX A
A-1 Narr. 1.16.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The fullest acknowledgment must be made of very generous help given; and apart from 感謝する 尊敬の印 to all who have helped with （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） and advice, special thanks are 申し込む／申し出d to:

The Librarian and staff of the 国家の Library, Canberra.
The Mitchell Library, Sydney.
The 古記録s Department of the Public Library, Adelaide.
The Superintendent, Rhodes House Library, Oxford.
The 連邦／共和国 Surveyor-General, Mr. F. M. Johnston.
The Surveyor-General in South Australia, Mr. C. Hambidge.
The Under-長官s of the Lands and 地雷s Departments in N.S.W.
The 長，指導者 Botanist, Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
Mr. L. B. Peacocke, of the New South むちの跡s Lands Department staff.
Doctor Charles Fenner and Mr. J. D. Somerville, of Adelaide.
Mr. A. V. J. Parry, of Bowral.
Mr. H. B. Rowlands, of Narrandera.
Mr. R. B. Ronald, of Nap Nap.
Mr. J. Jervis, of Sydney.
Mr. C. A. Burmester, of the 連邦／共和国 国家の Library Staff, working
   at the Public 記録，記録的な／記録するs Office, London.
And, before all, Captain G. C. N. Sturt, of Painswick, England--grandson
   of Charles Sturt--who has most generously given （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） and
   copies of 文書s.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF ILLUSTRATIONS

For the illustrations in this 容積／容量 the author is indebted to, and
認めるs the 儀礼 of the に引き続いて:--

To the Archivist in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the 古記録s Department of the Public
Library, Adelaide, for--
 Nos. 2, 26, 33, 41, 45, 47.

To the Australian Geographical Society for--
 Frontispiece, and Nos. 29, 37, 38, 39.

To the Director, Art Gallery, Adelaide, for--
 Nos. 27, 28.

To the Surveyor-General, South Australia, for--
 Nos. 18, 19.

To the Engineer-in-長，指導者, 工学 and Water 供給（する） Dept.,
South Australia, for--
 No. 20.

To the 市長 of Cheltenham, Glos., England, for--
 Nos. 46, 48, 49, 50.

No. 3 is from a portrait in the 所有／入手 of Mrs. Anderson (nee
Dumaresq),
 of Port Sorell, Tas., who has kindly 供給（する）d this copy.

No. 4 from the 王室の Australian Historical Society.

No. 5 kindly 供給（する）d by the 儀礼 of the 王室の Australian 空気／公表する 軍隊.

No. 7 is a copy of the inscribed 肩書を与える page of a 調書をとる／予約する 現在のd to
 Dr. Gibson, now in the 所有／入手 of Mr. N. Gibson, of Burrunguroolong,
 Goulbum, who kindly 供給（する）d this copy.

No. 25 was kindly 供給（する）d by Captain G. C. N. Sturt, grandson of Charles
 Sturt, who now has this vase.

No. 34 was 供給（する）d by an 匿名の／不明の 特派員 who used the pseudonym
 of "Greasy Shearer."

No. 35 was 供給（する）d by Mr. C. A. Gentle, of Brighton, S.A. No. 35 from
 Mrs. Angel, of Tibooburra.

No. 40 is 再生するd by 許可 of the executors of the 広い地所 of the
 late Dr. C. T. Madigan, and is from his 調書をとる／予約する Crossing the Dead Heart,
 published by Georgian House.

No. 42 from Mr. George Farwell--this photograph was taken from the
 飛行機で行くing Doctor's 計画（する）.

No. 43 from the 飛行機で行くing Doctor Service, N.S.W. 支店.

No. 44 from Mr. C. M. Hambidge, Surveyor-General, South Australia.

Nos. 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 30, 33, 39,
 40 are from photographs taken by the author.

INDEX

[Use the 'search' 機能（する）／行事 of your ソフトウェア to 位置を示す these 言及／関連s]

Alexandrina Lake
Alton 負かす／撃墜するs
Anabranch
Angas
Annandale
Arrowsmith
Arrowsmith 地図／計画する
Arrowsmith, Mt.
Backhouse
パン職人
Ballantyne
Balranald
Bancannia Lake
Barcoo
Barker, Capt.
Barker, Mt.
障壁 範囲
Barrow
Bathurst
Bathurst, Earl
Bennett
Binnera 負かす／撃墜するs
Birdsville
Blanche Lake
Bogan Riv.
Bonney
Bootra
Bourke, 知事
Bourke City
Bowning
Breadalbane
Brewarrina
Brock
Broken Hill
Browne, Harris
Browne Mt.
Brownlow Hill
Bryan
Buckinguy
Buddah Lake
Bulgeraga Creek
Bulloo
Burr
Burtundy
Callabonna Lake
Campbell Creek
Canberra
Carraweena
Cash
Castlereagh River
Cataract
Cawndilla Lake
Cheltenham
Clayton
Clifton Hills
Cobham Lakes
Conway, 行方不明になる
Coonamble
Cooneys Creek
Coongie
Coontie
Cooper, 行方不明になる
Cooper, 裁判官
Cooper Creek
Corona
Counsel
Cowga
Cowley
Craig
Cunningham, Allan
Curnapaga
Darling, 知事
Darling Mt.
Darling River
Davenport
Derby, Earl, see Stanley Diamantina
Dow
D'都市のs Group
Dumaresq
Dumaresq Riv.
Edward River
遭遇（する） Bay
Evans
Evelyn Creek
Eyre, E. J.
Eyre Creek
Eyre, Lake
Flinders
Flood
Flood Creek
Fort Grey
Foster, Mt.
Foulkes
Fowlers Gap
Fraser
Frome
Frome Creek
Frome, Lake
Gawler, 知事
Gibson, Dr.
Ginnindera
Gipps, 知事
Gipps, Mt.
Gobalyan
Goderich
Gonolgon
Goolwa
Gormley, James
Gouger
Goulburn
Goulburn River
Gould, John
Goyder Lagoon
Grange
Gregory, A. C.
Earl, Grey
Grey, 知事
Gundagai
Gunning
Gwydir Riv.
Hamilton Plains
Harris, Mt.
Harris, Doctor
Harris, Joseph
Harris, Robert
Hastings, 過密な住居
Hawdon
Hay
圧力をかけて脅す（悩ます）
Hill, Lord
Hindmarsh, 知事
Hindmarsh Island
Hopeless, Mt.
Hopkinson
Hovell
Hume, Hamilton
Hume, J. K.
Inman
Innamincka
Jamieson
Jones
Jugiong
Kennedy
King, 知事
King, P. P.
Kirby
Laidleys Ponds
Leichhardt
吊りくさび
Light, Col.
Lindesay, Col.
Lindesay River
Lipson Lake,
Loddon, River
Loxton, 41
Lyell, Mt.
Macleay, Alex
Macleay, Geo.
Mack
Macnamee
Macintyre River
Macquarie
Madigan
水夫
Marra Creek
Marthaguy
Maude
Maxwell
McDonald 頂点（に達する）
Merbein
Mildura
Mills
Milparinka
Mingay
Mitchell
Mittagong
Monkeygar
Moorundi
Morgan, David
Morgan
Morisset
Morphett
Morphett Creek
Mulholland
Mullen
Mulligan River
Mundoonen 範囲
Mundi-mundi
Munka-munka
Mundy
Murray, Sir George
Murray 橋（渡しをする）
Murray River
Museum
Muttama
Namoi River
Nangus
Nappa-merri
Nardoo
Naryilco
Narrandera
Newland
New Year 範囲
New Zealand
Nine-mile Creek
Norfolk Island
Norman
Nuntherungie 範囲
Nyngan
O'Brien, H.
O'Halloran
O'Halloran's Creek
One-tree
Oura
陸路の Corner
Oxley
Oxley's Tableland
Packsaddle Creek
Parker
Parnari
Parnell Creek
Picton
Piesse
Piesse's Nob
Pimpara
Pink Hills
Pinnaroo Lake
Poole
Poole, Mt.
Pooncarie
Port Elliott
Port Essington
Port Gawler
保護 Creek
Price
Purnamoota
Pyap
Queen Charlotte
Quilbone
Ratcliffe
Redall
Redbank
Redcliffs
Reed Beds
Renmark
Ripon, Earl, see Gooderich
式服, 知事
Robison
Rocky Point
王室の Geog. Soc.
Rufus River
Sandy Creek
Sarsaparilla
Scrope 範囲
Serle, Mt.
Simpson 砂漠
Soapstone Creek
Somerville
Somerset, Lord
Spring Rice
Stanley, Lord
Stanley 範囲, see 障壁 範囲
Stephen, James
Stephen, George
Stephens, Ed.
Stephen Creek
Stokes 範囲
Stony 砂漠
Strzelecki Creek
Stoney Point
Stuart, McDouall
Sutton Forest
Swan Reach
Sturt River
Sturt, Charles
 Birth
 Goes to Harrow
 Enters army
 War service
 In Ireland
 促進するd Captain
 Leaves for Sydney
 軍の 長官
 Leaves on first 探検隊／遠征隊
 Returns from first 探検隊／遠征隊
 Leaves on second 探検隊／遠征隊
 Returns from second 探検隊／遠征隊
 Goes to Norfolk Island
 Leaves for England
 Publishes first 調書をとる／予約する
 辞職するs from army
 申し込む／申し出s to 調査する その上の
 得るs 認めるs of land
 Marriage
 Arrives in Sydney
 Land in Canberra
 Settles at Mittagong
 Eldest son born
 On Museum committe
 Land at Varroville
 Second son born
 陸路のing cattle
 Arrives Adelaide
 診察するs Murray mouth
 Buys Grange
 Leaves for Sydney
 任命するd Surv. Gen., S.A.
 Leaves Sydney
 任命 無効の
 任命するd A. Comm. Lands
 East Terrace home
 適用するs for 地位，任命する 知事, S.A.
 任命するd Reg. Gen
 Builds Grange
 申し込む／申し出s 調査する Central Aust.
 Salary 減ずるd
 Appears before 脚. Co.
 申し込む／申し出s 調査する to Port Essington
 Leaves on third 探検隊／遠征隊
 Returns from third 探検隊／遠征隊
 Receives gold メダル
 任命するd Col. Treasurer
 Leave absence to England
 Sale of Grange
 Publishes second 調書をとる／予約する
 Returns Adelaide
 任命するd Col. Sec.
 Retires with 年金
 Leaves for England
 協議するd about Gregory's 探検隊／遠征隊
 適用するs 地位，任命する 知事 Queensland
 Gift of land at Wentworth
 適用するs for knighthood
 Receives K.C.M.G.
 Death
Tabragar
Tibooburra
Tietkens
Tirranna
Torrens Lake
Torrowangie
Turpin
Underaliga
Varroville
Veldt, The
Victoria River, N.T.
Victoria, Lake
Wagga Wagga
Wakefield
Wantabadgery
Warby
Wardell
過密な住居
Warfi-warfi creek
Wentworth
Wellington Valley
Wollondilly
支持を得ようと努めるd
Woore
Yanco Creek
Yancowinna Creek
Yandama
Yanko
Yarralumla
Yarrawin
Yass
Yelka
Young, 知事

THE END

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