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肩書を与える: The First Sighting of Australia by the English.
Author: Ida 物陰／風下 (Mrs. Marriott)
* A 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg of Australia eBook *
eBook No.: 0609031h.html
Language:  English
Date first 地位，任命するd: November 2006
Date most recently updated: November 2006

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The First Sighting of Australia by the English.

by

Ida 物陰／風下 (Mrs. Marriott)

"The Geographical 定期刊行物," April, 1934.
The 王室の Geographical Society, London

言及する to the 地図／計画する at the end of this とじ込み／提出する

The story that William Dampier was the first Englishman to 始める，決める foot upon the 本土／大陸 of Australia may be true. But there is 十分な 証拠 in 存在 to show that long before Dampier 二塁打d Cape Lévêque in January, 1688, in the ship Cygnet, of London, English ships had 横断するd Australian waters and English seamen had charted islands lying の近くに to the shores of the continent.

Of these voyages perhaps that of Captain John Daniel is best remembered, 借りがあるing to the fact that Alexander Dalrymple has 手渡すd 負かす／撃墜する to us a copy of his chart. Captain Daniel first sighted Wallabi Group, the 最北の of the three groups 構成するing the Abrolhos. He 指名するd it. Dangerous 激しく揺するs. He also may have bestowed the 指名する of Maiden's 小島 upon Rottnest Island, for it is so called upon many an old 地図／計画する. His ship, the New London (not 簡単に the London, as her 指名する is often written), of six hundred トンs, was freighted to Bantam in January, 1681. She arrived off the coast of Western Australia in the month of June, when Captain Daniel's printed 定期刊行物 記録，記録的な／記録するs:--

"With the 勝利，勝つd S.W. by W. steering by compass N.E. by E. at 10 a.m. the water was discoloured. A man at the foretop saw a 違反 rise ahead of us. We put our 舵輪／支配 hard a starboard...and 天候d the N.W. end of it about a mile...The 違反 that we first saw happened to be the 最北の of all, there 存在 several and by our computation [they] are 20 miles in length. Within the 違反s, several small white sandy islands were seen, with some bushes on them. A very 激しい sea broke against the south part of these shoals. When の近くに to them the 本土／大陸 was not seen."

It is evident, therefore, that Daniel was aware of the 本土／大陸's proximity. This was six years and a half before Dampier reached the north-west coast.

At a still earlier date, however, English 大型船s had made their 外見 in these southern waters. On September 4, 1621, the 裁判，公判 (John Brooke, master) left Plymouth with a 十分な 貨物 and one hundred and forty-three men on board for Java. She made slow 進歩 に向かって the Cape of Good Hope, where she 得るd refreshment, leaving there on March 19, 1622. Two months later she was 難破させるd on a ledge of 激しく揺するs to the north-west of the Australian continent, where many of her 乗組員 were 溺死するd. From that time the 激しく揺するs on which she struck were placed in the charts under the 指名する of the "Tryal 激しく揺するs." Hitherto very little （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） has been 利用できる relating to the events of this voyage, but I have been fortunate in finding at the India Office the 初めの letter of Brooke to the owners of the 裁判，公判 narrating the loss of the ship, together with another written by Thomas 有望な, who had 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the longboat in which a part of the 乗組員 escaped from the doomed 大型船.[*] These are of かなりの 利益／興味, for they throw new light on the 運命／宿命 of the 裁判，公判 and the circumstances in which Australia was first sighted by Englishmen. The に引き続いて 抽出するs from the above-について言及するd 文書s seem therefore to be worthy of 記録，記録的な／記録する.

[*India Office 記録，記録的な／記録するs, 0.C., Vol. ix., No. 1072; and 0.C., Vol. ix., No. 1070.]

Brooke 令状s:--

"The 1st daye of Maye I sawe land 存在 in. the latitude of 22 degrees, which land had been formelie seen by the Flemings and which laye in the cardes N.E. by N. and S.E. by S. from the 海峡s of Sunda. This island is 18 leagues long and we were all verie joyful at the sight thereof but finding 8 degrees variation by our judgment and Captain Fitzharbert's Jurnall that he went 10 leagues to the southwards of this Iland and 存在 in this variation pestered by N.E. and by E. [勝利，勝つd] and fell [in] with the East end of Java..."

The land Brooke 言及するs to was doubtless the point of the Australian 本土／大陸 to the southward of North West Cape, in latitude 22° 42' S., known as Point Cloates. 借りがあるing to the 傾向 of the coast here and the 肘 in its 輪郭（を描く）, seamen on sighting it were unable to distinguish its true form or extent. Brooke, like the Dutch captains who first saw it, believed that it was an island.[*] He appears to have had on board a copy of the 定期刊行物 of Captain Humphrey Fitzherbert, who, in the ship 王室の 交流, had voyaged to Java in 1620. We are told in the 記録，記録的な／記録するs of this voyage that "on the advice of the Flemings they sailed a more southerly course than any Englishman had gone before, which 証明するd very healthful to the men."[**] The 王室の 交流 therefore had に先行するd the 裁判，公判 into these waters, but in the accounts of Fitzherbert's voyage there is no について言及する that he sighted any land in this locality.

[* The Dutch ship Mauritius, in 1618, was one of the first to sight this land, and her 指揮官 called it. "een eylant."]

[** *抽出する of a letter from Launcelot Fenwicke to the E.I. Company, India Office 記録，記録的な／記録するs, 0.C., Vol. vii., No. 919.]

Brooke experienced a long 延期する after 天候ing North West Cape. He continues:--

"I take the opinion and counsell of my people when the 勝利，勝つd （機の）カム faire but havinge contrarie winde betwene the N. and the N.E. which held us from the 5th daye of Maie until the 24th of the same month, the 広大な／多数の／重要な Iland with his 3 small Ilands at the 復活祭 end 耐えるing S.E. 20 leagues of us[*]; the winde veering to the S.E. and faire 天候, we steered N.E. thinking to 落ちる [in] with the wester part of Java. The 25th daye at 11 of the clocke in the night--faire 天候 and smoothe wetter--the shipp strooke. I ran to the Poope and hove the leads. I 設立する but 3 fadom wafter, 60 men 存在 upon the deck, 5 of them would not beleave that she strooke, I criinge to them to 耐える up and tacke to the 西方の: they did ther beste but the 激しく揺する 存在 sharpe the ship was presentlie 十分な of watter. For the most part of these 激しく揺するs 嘘（をつく） 2 fadom under watter. It struck my men in such a mayze when I said...the ship strooke and they could see neyther 違反, land, 激しく揺するs, chainge of watter nor 調印する of dainger,--the ship sitting a good while after that I had hove the lead whilst I had brought my sailes a backstaies. Before she strooke the second strooke the winde began suddenly to freshe and blowe. I strooke 負かす／撃墜する my sailes and gott out my skiffe and 企て，努力，提案 them sound about the shipp. They 設立する sharp suncken 激しく揺するs half a cable in length astarne, noe ground. These 激しく揺するs are 法外な to, so I made all the waye I could to gett out my long boate and by 2 of the clocke had gotten her out, and hanged her in the 取り組むs over the 味方する. Soe seeing the shipp 十分な of watter and the winde to 増加する made all the means I could to save...as maniee...as I could...The boate put off at 4 in the morning and halfe an houer after the fore part of the shipp fell in pieces! the men were saved in the skiffe[**] and 36 in the long boate...I （機の）カム awaie with my boate for the Straights.[***] My boate [i.e. the long-boat] stood 支援する for the 広大な／多数の／重要な Iland [推定では Barrow Island] which is 7 leagues to the S.E. 区s of the place where the shipp was cast awaie."

[* Barrow Island.]

[** Brooke himself was saved on board the skiff.]

[*** He probably passed through Bali 海峡 on his way to Bantam.]

Brooke now gives a piece of （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） regarding a 発見 made by the long-boat which by 推論する／理由 of its 早期に date せねばならない 供給する a new starting-point for historians 記録，記録的な／記録するing English 探検s of Australia. He says:--

"...the boate 設立する a little lowe Iland...I fell [in] with the 復活祭 end of Java the 8th daie of June 1622: at Bantam the 21 ditto and at Jaccatra [Batavia] the 25th of the same month. 1 had one barrecoe a water, 2 casses of 瓶／封じ込めるs, 2 runlets of aquavite, 40 li bread and for 4 Wes togeather so much raine and sea that our skiffe was allwaies 1/3 十分な of watter. The boate had 2 runlets ワイン, 6 barrecoes of watter, 2 casses of 瓶／封じ込めるs and 1 C [wt.] of bread."

In 述べるing the approach to the Tryal 激しく揺するs, he 発言／述べるs:--

"This Iland lieth 誤った in his Longitud 200 leagues [sic.]...as also these suncken 激しく揺するs as by my draught will appear...A Dutch shipp the Armes of Horne[*] which （機の）カム some month after me fell [in] with the land...This remote passidge the Dutch Generall doth not like, such over 落ちるs, 少しのd and ripplins which I and this Dutchman have passed!...and noe ground at 200 faudoms but in stormie 天候 in the night in some places, the sea is all in a 違反."

[* The Wapen 先頭 Hoorn sailed from the Texel on December 22, 1621, and arrived at Batavia on July 22, 1622.]

The fortunes of those who left the ship in the longboat are vividly 述べるd by Thomas 有望な, who had 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of her. He 令状s:--

"May the 25th about X of the clock, night and fayre 天候...Lattitude 20° 3'[*]...shipp...struck upon the 激しく揺するs as soon, or before any 違反 discovered; billidged her hould 十分な of watter in an instant...The long Boat with greatt difficultie 少しの gott out [there] 存在 128 soules left to God's mercye, whereof 36 [were] saved. 少しの keeping till day some 1/4 mile or more from the shipp...the sea then so high, 少しの durst not...adventure to them and for that 少しの [were] so slenderly 供給するd with 準備／条項s that [it was] impossible, without God's 広大な／多数の／重要な providence 少しの should aryve at our wished [for] port...Upon sight of day 少しの 遠くに見つけるd a Iland 耐えるing South East some five leagues att most from us...By all likly hoods land could not be farr by the fowle and 少しのd. ail that day drivinge from the Iland and 激しく揺するs, to which said Iland 少しの went; stayed thereon seaven dayes for the freinge [freshing] of our boate and supplie of watter (having when we left the shipp but one barrecoe 十分な, the 残り／休憩（する） emptie [there] 存在 非，不，無 but what the Lord sent per rayne). Not any inhabitants thereon. 少しの travelled over all the land seeing nothing but Ilands, some small, some greatt, 違反s and shoules every way as farr as 少しの could see. Very dangerous on the N.W. syde. To the S.S.W. of this Ile ther lyeth a 広大な／多数の／重要な Iland[**] neere nyne leagues off."

[* Brooke gives the latitude as 20° 10' S., and he so 報告（する）／憶測d it to the Dutch 知事-General when he arrived at Jacatra.]

[* 推定では Barrow Island, to which Brooke has already drawn attention in his letter.]

The men therefore spent a week on the "little lowe iland" which Brooke has already told us his boat "設立する." He made two "draughts" of the "激しく揺するs and Iland with their Latituds, Longituds, variations, courses and distances" seen in the 周辺, which were sent home by "first conveyance." 有望な also says he ーするつもりであるd to "laye 負かす／撃墜する a 十分な description of these Ilands." Their charts evidently arrived 安全に in England, but do not seem to have been 保存するd, and the 状況／情勢 of the 激しく揺するs whereon the 裁判，公判 struck remained a secret for many years. Both English and Dutch ships searched for them until many began to 疑問 their 存在, because the seamen who （人命などを）奪う，主張するd to have sightged them placed them in different latitudes. Dampier hoped to find them. The Jane, フリゲート艦, in 1705, looked for them in vain. 1n July, 1777, Captain ツバメ Foss, of the ship Fredensberg 城, 報告（する）／憶測d that he had seen them. This Danish account 明言する／公表するd that they "bore E. distant 12 miles at noon in lat. 20° 40' S. meridian distance 23° 45' E. from St. Paul, and that "these 激しく揺するs 嘘（をつく） N.W. and. S.E. and 延長する in length 24 miles, the centre of them appears...not higher out of the water than a small 大型船's 船体: the extremes are clusters of small broken 激しく揺するs now and then appearing as the sea retires and are about 4 miles from each extreme of the main 激しく揺する."[*]

[* Captain Stokes afterwards recognised them by this description, although he 設立する that Foss' longitude "placed. them 13 degrees more to 西方の, 近づく the position they have 占領するd for years in the charts" (Stokes's "Voyage in the Beagle," Vol. ii., p. 209).]

Captain Wilson, in the Vansittart in 1789, was the next who endeavoured to 位置を示す them, and began his search where they had been placed by the Danish captain; but he did not find them, and therefore 結論するd that if the 激しく揺するs Captain Foss 述べるd "were 据えるd within these 限界s" it was, barely possible that the ships Lascelles, Carnatic, and the Vansittart "could have passed without seeing them." Once again. the sea kept its secret, and, on 審理，公聴会 the result, Horsburgh was led to 発言／述べる: "We are still left in 疑問 whether or not the Tryal 激しく揺するs...have any real 存在." Geographers, however, continued to place them on their 地図／計画するs, even after sailors had given up the search as fruitless.

At last, in 1819, the voyage of the Greyhound on her passage from 中国 to Port Jackson re-opened the question, her 指揮官 宣言するing that he had met with a 暗礁 of 激しく揺するs which were the long-lost Tryal 激しく揺するs. In 1820, 事実上の／代理 under orders from the Admiralty, 中尉／大尉／警部補 Phillip Parker King, in H.M.S. Mermaid, made a minute 調査する of the different 状況／情勢s where the 激しく揺するs had been 報告（する）／憶測d, and （機の）カム to the 結論 that the Monte Bello Islands 正確に／まさに answered their description, and he 令状s: "There remains no 疑問 in my mind but that Barrow Island in 20° 40' S., 115° 27' E. and Trimouille Island and the 非常に／多数の 暗礁s around them, are the 同一の Tryal 激しく揺するs." Since King's day 海軍の surveyors have 設立する their exact position. Admiralty Sailing Directions (1917) 明言する／公表するs: "Tryal 激しく揺するs awash at high water are 近づく the outer 辛勝する／優位 of the S.W. part of Monte Bello Islands 暗礁 and 5 miles N. of the North extreme of Barrow Island."

It is now difficult to realise that only seventeen years after Willem Jansz, in the Dutch ship Duifken,, had made what is known as "the first authentic 発見 of Australia, thirty-six shipwrecked English seamen spent seven days almost within sight of the land which afterwards was 布告するd a British 所有／入手 and became the home of so many of their race.

THE END

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