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肩書を与える:      発見 of Australia by de Quiros in the Year 1606
Author:     Patrick F. 枢機けい／主要な Moran, 大司教 of Sydney.
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発見 of Australia by de Quiros in the Year 1606

BY

PATRICK F. CARDINAL MORAN, 大司教 of Sydney.

Pedro Fernandez de Quiros was the least of the brilliant 星雲 of Portuguese and Spanish explorers who throughout two centuries, by their 海上の 技術 and 企業, won immortal fame for their 各々の countries, and 延長するd far, to the east and to the west the 限界s of Christian civilisation. He was a Portuguese by birth, but at the period of which we 扱う／治療する Portugal and Spain were 部隊d under the Spanish sceptre, and hence it was under the Spanish 旗 and by the 援助（する） of the Spanish 法廷，裁判所 that he 達成するd his 発見s.

The most famous or his 探検隊／遠征隊s was that which led to the 発見 of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Austral Land in 1606. The 初めの sources, however, which would serve to illustrate this 探検隊／遠征隊 were little better than a 調印（する）d 調書をとる／予約する to English readers, till Mr. W. A. Duncan, Fellow of St. John's College, published in Sydney, in 1874, the Spanish text and translation of an 利益／興味ing 記念の, 演説（する）／住所d by De Quiros to the Spanish 君主. A few years later Don Zaragosa, a distinguished Spanish ecclesiastic, published at Madrid in three 容積／容量s the same 記念の, together with several other invaluable 反対／詐欺-一時的な 文書s illustrative of De Quiros's voyage. The learned 大統領，／社長 of the Hakluyt Society, Sir Clements Markham, has published in two 容積／容量s in London, for the Hakluyt Society, in 1904, a translation of these important 記録，記録的な／記録するs, with a 価値のある introduction and several 利益／興味ing 公式文書，認めるs.

Till within the last few years the opinion very 一般に 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd that the Island of Santo, the 長，指導者 island of the New Hebrides, was the 広大な／多数の／重要な Land discovered by De Quiros. In the History of the カトリック教徒 Church in Australia I 投機・賭けるd to dissent from that opinion, and since then several papers 耐えるing on the 支配する have appeared in the public 圧力（をかける） and in the 訴訟／進行s of the Geographical Society of Melbourne.

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I 提案する in the 現在の discourse to 服従させる／提出する the （人命などを）奪う，主張するs of Australia to be the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern Land thus discovered it 1606 by De Quiros, and the better to proceed with order in the 調査, my 発言／述べるs will be 構成するd under the に引き続いて 長，率いるs:--

I. I will 現在の to you from the 初めの narratives some 抽出するs descriptive of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern Land which was discovered by the Spanish explorer.

II. It will readily be seen that the data furnished by these 抽出するs are inconsistent with the （人命などを）奪う，主張する of the Island of Santo to be that newly-discovered land.

III. On the other 手渡す these data are 設立する to 正確に fit in with the （人命などを）奪う，主張する of Port Curtis and the 隣接するing Queens-land coast.

IV. Some arguments shall be considered that seem to favour the Island of Santo's （人命などを）奪う，主張する.

V. The difficulties will be solved that are 前進するd against the Australian （人命などを）奪う，主張する.

VI. We will thus be 解放する／自由な to 結論する by 現在のing some 利益／興味ing 詳細（に述べる）s of the 探検隊／遠征隊 of De Quiros and of the festivities with which he and his companions 就任するd the 発見 of this Australian Continent.

I.

1. I will take my first 抽出するs from the 8th 記念の 現在のd by De Quiros to the Spanish King in 1607, published by Sir Clements Markham. De Quiros thus 令状s (IL, 478):--

"The greatness of the land newly discovered, 裁判官ing from what I saw, and from what the captain, Don Luiz Vaez de Torres, the 海軍大将 under my 命令（する）, 報告（する）／憶測d to your Majesty, is 井戸／弁護士席 設立するd. Its length is as much as all Europe and Asia Minor as far as the Caspian and Persia, with all the islands of the Mediterranean and the ocean which en-compasses, 含むing the two islands of England and Ireland. That hidden part is' one-fourth of the world, and of such capacity that 二塁打 the kingdoms and 州s of which your Majesty is at 現在の the Lord could fit into it, and this without any neighbourhood of Turks or Moors, or others of the nations which are 傾向がある to 原因（となる） disquiet and 不安 on their 国境s."

He 代表するs the discovered lands to be "antipodal to the greater part of Africa, to all Europe, and to greater Asia. The houses are of 支持を得ようと努めるd, roofed with palm leaves. They use マリファナs

{Page 3}

of clay, weave cloths, and have 着せる／賦与するing and mats of reed. They work 石／投石する marble, and make flutes, 派手に宣伝するs, and spoons of varnished 支持を得ようと努めるd." (Sir Clements Markham has 石／投石する and marble, but there is no "and" in the 初めの text, p. 480.) "The bread they have is made from three 肉親，親類d of roots, of which there is 広大な／多数の／重要な 豊富, and they grow without 労働, receiving no more help than 存在 dug up and cooked. These roots are pleasant to the taste, very nourishing, and keep for a long time. They are a yard long and half a yard 厚い. The fruits are 非常に／多数の and good. There are 気が狂って of six 肉親，親類d, a 広大な／多数の／重要な number of almonds of four 肉親，親類d, 広大な／多数の／重要な obos, which are of the size and taste of peaches, many earth-nuts, oranges and lemons, which the natives do not eat, and another 広大な／多数の／重要な fruit; and others not いっそう少なく good that were seen and eaten, 同様に as many and very large 甘い 茎s. The riches are silver and pearls which I myself saw, and gold which was seen by the other Captain, as he says in his 報告（する）／憶測...They have goats, and there were 指示，表示する物s of cows...I 宣言する that all that was seen and has been 述べるd is on the sea shore; so that it may be hoped that in the heart of the country such and so 広大な／多数の／重要な riches will be 設立する as are foreshadowed by what has already been seen. It is to be 観察するd that my 長，指導者 反対する was only to 捜し出す for the 広大な／多数の／重要な land that 1 設立する...The 慰安 and pleasant life in such a land might be 増加するd by the cultivation of its 黒人／ボイコット, rich 国／地域, by the erection of brick houses, by proper 着せる／賦与するing, by working the marble quarries from which sumptuous and elegant edifices could be raised, and a land in which there is an 豊富 of 木材／素質 for all sorts of work; where there are 場所／位置s of plains, valleys and 山の尾根s, undulations, high mountains and thickets; and in which there are murmuring streams and springs; where might be 築くd any number of 勝利，勝つd-mills, water-mills, sugar-mills, and other water engines; salt 炭坑，オーケストラ席s and sugar 農園s. The sugar-茎s, which grow to five or six palms and under, and the fruit in 割合, are 証言，証人／目撃するs of the richness of the 国／地域. A slender, hard and smooth 石／投石する makes as good flints as can be, had in Madrid. The Bay of SS. Philip and James 含む／封じ込めるs 20 leagues (60 miles) of shore, and is やめる limpid, and is 解放する／自由な to enter by day or night; it is surrounded by a large 全住民; at a very 広大な／多数の／重要な distance is seen by day much smoke, and at night many 解雇する／砲火／射撃s. The port of Vera Cruz (宗教上の Cross) is so

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capacious that it would 含む／封じ込める at 錨，総合司会者 1000 ships. Us 底（に届く） is （疑いを）晴らす, and consists of dark sand. The worm that is so destructive to ships was not seen. Ships may be 錨，総合司会者d at any depth from 4 to 4 fathoms, 中途の between two rivers, one of them (the Jordan) as large as the Guadalquivir, in Seville, with a 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 of more than two fathoms, which フリゲート艦s and patamars may cross. Our barques entered the other river 自由に, and took in fresh water, which is delicious in whatever part, out of the 非常に／多数の streams there are, The 上陸 place 延長するs for three leagues and more on a 立ち往生させる of 黒人／ボイコット pebbles, small and 激しい, which would be very good for ships' ballast. The coast 含む／封じ込めるs neither 廃虚s nor 激しく揺するs; the herbs on its banks are green; you hear not the sound of the tide; and as the trees are straight and not torn, I 結論する there are no 広大な／多数の／重要な tempests in that land. Moreover, this port, besides 存在 so airy and pleasant,%has another 広大な／多数の／重要な excellence for recreation, that. from the break of 夜明け you hear a very 広大な／多数の／重要な army of warbling birds, some having the 外見 of nightingales, larks, goldfinches,'and an infinity of swallows, parroquets, and a coloured parrot that was seen, besides a 広大な／多数の／重要な many other birds of different 肉親，親類d, and the shrill 公式文書，認める of the locusts and grasshoppers. At morning and evening the sweetest smells are enjoyed from many 肉親，親類d of flowers, の中で which are the orange and lemon blossoms; and I consider that all these and other 影響s are 予定 to the excellence and regularity of the 気候. At this port and bay are many excellent islands, several of which may be 特に について言及するd which subtend 200 leagues. One of them, about 12 leagues distant, is 50 leagues in circumference, and is very fertile and populous. And in 結論, Sire, I say that in that bay and port a large and populous city may be built, and the people who will 住む it may readily enjoy all riches and conveniences which, my small ability does not enable me to 始める，決める 前へ／外へ. I do not 誇張する if I say that it can 持続する and 融通する 200,000 Spaniards."

He その上の 追加するs: "The 気温 and salubrity of the 空気／公表する is seen in all that has been said, and in this, that we all 存在 strangers, 非，不，無 fell ill during a time of working, sweating, and 存在 wet through, without care about drinking water while 急速な／放蕩なing, nor about eating whatever the land produced, nor by the dew or sun or moon. The sun was not very hot

{Page 5}

by day, and from midnight onwards woollen 着せる／賦与するs were sought, and very 井戸／弁護士席 苦しむd to be worn. The natives as a 支配する are strong and stout. Some are very old."

2. In a その上の 記念の 現在のd to the King in 1601, he styles the land he had discovered a 広大な／多数の／重要な land, "its 二塁打 範囲 of mountains and the River Jordan from its size appear to furnish 証拠 of the 広大な／多数の／重要な. extent of the land." Besides Europe, Asia and Africa, there are only two 広大な／多数の／重要な 部分s of the earth: "The first is America, which Christoval 結腸 discovered; the second and last of the world is that which I have seen, and solicit to people, and 完全に to discover for your Majesty."

He wishes it to be 追加するd to the 王室の realms "with the grand 肩書を与える of Australia del Espiritu Santo."

He ends: "If his 疑惑s led Christopher Columbus to complain, for me, what I saw, what I felt, and what I 申し込む／申し出, makes me importunate."

3. One of the most 利益／興味ing 文書s published by Zaragosa and Markham is a history of the Voyages of De Quiros 収集するd from his diaries by his 長官, Belmonte Bermudez, but 調印するd and authenticated by De Quiros himself. From this narrative I glean the に引き続いて 抽出するs:--

On the 3rd of May, 1606, "the three 大型船s 錨，総合司会者d in the port with 広大な／多数の／重要な joy, giving many thanks to God...The Master of the （軍の）野営地，陣営 was sent to 診察する the mouth of the river, which is in the middle of the bay, with the 開始する，打ち上げる, a boat and a party of men. He tried the depth of the river mouth, and 設立する that there was no 底（に届く）, with the length of an oar and his own arm. He went その上の up in the boat, and the 見解（をとる） of the river gave much 楽しみ to those who were with him, 同様に for its size and the clearness of the water as for its gentle 現在の and the beauty of the trees on its banks."

They landed and 設立する a small village; "they also 設立する a flute, and 確かな small things worked out of pieces of marble and jasper...The bay has a 回路・連盟 of 20 leagues, at the 入り口 four leagues across...In tie middle there is a river, which was 裁判官d to be the size of the Guadalquivir at Seville. At its mouth the depth is two and more fathoms; so that boats and even フリゲート艦s could enter. It received the 指名する of the Jordan. On its 権利 is seen the Southern Cross

{Page 6}

in the heavens, which makes the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す noteworthy. To the eastward, at the corner of the bay, there is another 穏健な-sized river called Salvador, into which the boats entered at their 楽しみ to get water. The waters of both rivers are 甘い, pleasant and fresh. The one is distant from the other a league and a half, consisting of a beach of 黒人／ボイコット gravel, with small 激しい 石／投石するs, excellent for ballast for a ship. Between the two rivers is the port. The bread they use is おもに of roots...The rind is grey, the 低俗雑誌 murrey colour, yellow, or 赤みを帯びた; some much larger than others (yarns). There are some a yard and a half in thickness, also two 肉親，親類d; one almost 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, and the size of two 握りこぶしs, more or いっそう少なく. Their taste 似ているs the potatoes of Peru. The inside of the other is white, its form and size that of a cob of maize when stripped.

Our people ate a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定; and 存在 of a pleasant taste and 満足させるing, they left off the ship's 薄焼きパン／素焼陶器 for them. These roots last so long without getting bad, that on reaching Acapulco those that were left were やめる good. We heard, when on board at 早期に 夜明け, a 甘い harmony from thousands of different birds, 明らかに buntings, blackbirds, nightingales, and others. The mornings and afternoons were enjoy-able from the pleasant odours emitted from trees and many 肉親，親類d of flowers, together with the 甘い basil. A bee was also seen, and 収穫 飛行機で行くs were heard buzzing.

"The 気候 appeared to be very healthy, both from the vigour and size of the natives, as because 非，不，無 of our men be-（機の）カム ill all the time we were there, nor felt any 不快, nor tired from work...I am, able to say with good 推論する／理由 that a land more delightful, healthy and fertile; a 場所／位置 better 供給（する）d with quarries, 木材／素質, clay for tiles, bricks for 設立するing a 広大な／多数の／重要な city-on the sea, with a port and a good river on a plain, with level lands 近づく the hills, 山の尾根s, and ravines; nor better adapted to raise 工場／植物s and all that Europe and the Indies produce, could not be 設立する. No port could be 設立する more agreeable, nor better 供給（する）d with all necessaries, with-out any drawbacks, nor with such advantages for dockyards in which to build ships, nor forests more abundant in suitable 木材／素質 good for futtock 木材／素質s, houses, compass 木材／素質s, beams, planks, and yards, Nor is there any other land that could 支える so many strangers so pleasantly, if what has been written is 井戸／弁護士席 considered. Nor does any other land have what this

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land has の近くに by, at 手渡す, and in sight of its port; for やめる 近づく there are seven islands, with coasts 延長するing for 200 leagues, 明らかに with the same advantages, and which have so many, and such good 調印するs, that they may be sought for and 設立する without shoals or other 障害s, while nearly half-way there are other known islands, with inhabitants and ports where 船の停泊地s may be 設立する. I have never seen, anywhere where I have been, nor have heard of such adavantages...

If we look 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the coast of Spain, so good a port will not be 設立する...It is to be 公式文書，認めるd that a cross, which had been left on the banks of the river Salvador, was 設立する raised in its place, and that the natives had put 支店s and flowers 一連の会議、交渉／完成する it."

He その上の 令状s that having come out from the port for 出発 "借りがあるing to the 軍隊 of the 勝利，勝つd, the ship, having little sail on, and her 長，率いる E.X.E., lost ground to such an extent that we 設立する ourselves 20 leagues to leeward of the port, all looking at those high mountains with 悲しみ at not 存在 able to get 近づく them."

On their return to the port of Acapulco (in Mexico), the cross of orange 支持を得ようと努めるd was 現在のd to the Church of the Franciscans. It was on the 8th of December; feast of the Int. Conception, that the captain, "with the greatest solemnity possible, took the cross from the ship to the sea shore and 配達するd it to the Father 後見人." It was fastened to the high altar, and to 示す the occasion there was "（犯罪の）一味ing of bells, sound of trumpets, and 発射する／解雇する of guns and arquebuses and muskets by the 兵士s. All the people showed their joy; and not いっそう少なく did the captain, although he 願望（する）d to go to Rome and put this cross in the 手渡すs of the Pontiff, and tell him that it was the first that had been raised in those new lands in the 指名する of the カトリック教徒 Church."

4. De Torres, who was second in 命令（する） of the 探検隊／遠征隊 of De Quiros, 演説（する）／住所d a letter to the King in 1607, giving some account of the voyage and of its さまざまな 出来事/事件s.

Of the Bay he 令状s: "This Bay is very refreshing, and in it 落ちる many and large rivers. In 回路・連盟 it is 25 leagues. We 指名するd it the Bay de San Felipe y Santiago, and the land that of Espiritu Santo...At length we sailed from this bay, in 順応／服従 to the order, although with 意向, to sail, 一連の会議、交渉／完成する this island; but the season and the strong 現在のs would

{Page 8}

not 許す this, although I ran, along a 広大な／多数の／重要な part of it. In what I saw. there are very large mountains. It has many ports, though some of them are small., All of it is 井戸／弁護士席 watered with rivers. We had at this time nothing but bread and water: it was the 高さ of winter, with sea, 勝利，勝つd, and ill-will (of the 乗組員) against us. All this did not 妨げる me reaching the について言及するd latitude (30 deg. S.), which I passed one degree, and would have gone その上の if the 天候 had permitted; for the ship was good...Going into the said latitude on a. S.W. course, we had no 調印するs of land that way. From thence I stood 支援する to the N.W. to 11 1/2 S. Latitude; there we fell in with the beginning of N. Guinea. I could not 天候 the E. point, so I coasted along to the 西方の on the S. 味方する."

5. We have also the diary of Gaspar de Leza, who was 長，指導者 操縦する of the 探検隊／遠征隊, and whose shrewd incidental 発言／述べるs are 特に 利益／興味ing. He 令状s that the Bay "received the 指名するs of St. Philip and St. James, the 1st of May, the day of 発見, 存在 the day of those apostles. The bay is very large and beautiful, and all the (n)艦隊／(a)素早いs of the world might enter it."

2nd May. The General said: "that there were 調印するs of 広大な／多数の／重要な things in that bay; for although we had been two days within it, we had not yet seen the end of it, because it was so large."

4th May. "At two in the afternoon our General went, with the two boats and an 武装した party, to see the river. Coasting along it was seen that there were many streams flowing from a beautiful plain, on which cities might be built, for it must have been ten leagues in extent. In another part there were many hills, high and low, with beautiful plains. In most of those hills, except the main 範囲, one might ride on horse-支援する over them.

5th May. "Our boat went その上の along the coast and discovered another river, which flows very grandly over the plain, so that フリゲート艦s could go up to it. This river flows into the middle of the bay, about a league from the other where we were 錨，総合司会者d, and there were several streams."

8th May. "Our tender went to 診察する the coast, and 報告（する）／憶測d that they had coasted along and had seen beautiful plains and rivers that fell into the sea, and that all was 井戸／弁護士席 peopled by natives, who （機の）カム out on the beach to see them.

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They seemed to, cover the land, for up to the mountain 最高の，を越すs all was 住むd. The land is so fertile that it 産する／生じるs plenty of food, and it is so fresh that it 強いるs a man to cover him-self with a 一面に覆う／毛布, a 明言する／公表する of things to which we were not at all accustomed."

10th May. "We returned to the shore, and, marching in-land, （機の）カム to their houses, finding them abandoned. From the sea, by the inland forest, the distance is about half a league. 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the houses were many fruit trees, with の間の-twined palisades, by 推論する／理由 of the 広大な／多数の／重要な 量 of pigs. All was very 井戸／弁護士席 arranged, the houses and yards 存在 very clean. We 設立する many fruits and trees of different sorts...The road is very clean and 井戸／弁護士席 shaded, and there are beautiful streams of water. From midnight until morning there is a pleasant coolness, which makes a 一面に覆う／毛布 welcome."

11th May. "We 設立する ballast as good as that of Callao, and just like it, consisting of small pebbles."

14th May. Feasts of Pentecost. He gives the 指名するs of the municipality and officers 任命するd for the new city to be 設立するd.

17th May. "We climbed up a high mountain very silently, and from the 最高の，を越す we discovered a beautiful plain. On descending to it we 設立する much nutmeg and almonds of a different 肉親，親類d, for the rind smells like an apple, and another fruit with smell and taste like a nectarine. Of all these fruits the 支持を得ようと努めるd were 十分な, and there is scarcely a tree in all this land that is not of some use, so that here one might live in 広大な／多数の／重要な 高級な."

19th May. "This day in the morning, and the day before at" night, there were 広大な／多数の／重要な tremblings of the earth, some of them 継続している an hour, and we felt them on board our ships, as if they were bumping on some 激しく揺する. From this we 結論するd that where there are such 広大な／多数の／重要な 地震s it must be the 本土／大陸, as it also seemed from the mountain 範囲s. As soon as we （機の）カム on board, our General 手配中の，お尋ね者 a party to go and fish at the 広大な／多数の／重要な river, to which the 指名する of Jordan was given. The river whence we got the water was 指名するd Salvador."

20th May. We went to the river Jordan, which is two leagues from the port where the ships were at 錨，総合司会者...Our people 設立する 広大な／多数の／重要な 量s of fruit trees, and much food with which these natives are 井戸／弁護士席 供給（する）d. 広大な／多数の／重要な 量s

{Page 10}

of fish were caught. Ships might enter this river, if they were built like the フリゲート艦s of Carthagena."

28th May. "We started in the morning, coasting along the land to windward, that is, to S.E. and E.S.F., to make out for 確かな whether it was the 本土／大陸

29th May. "On account of many of the 乗組員s 存在 sick (from eating 毒（薬）d fish) they returned to the bay. This was at 7 o'clock in the morning, and by 4 o'clock in the after-noon the ships had 錨，総合司会者d. This was good luck, for the distance from the 入り口 to the bay to the 船の停泊地 is six or seven leagues, and the first time we were three days working up the

June 5th. "We were ready to start next day to 診察する 200 or 300 leagues of coast, 調査するing all, laying 負かす／撃墜する positions of ports and 船の停泊地s, with soundings, 激しく揺するs and banks, and latitudes."

6. Torquemada, who was 地方の of the Franciscans in Mexico, and derived his （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） from De Quiros and the chaplains of the 探検隊／遠征隊, published in 1614 a lengthened account of the celebrated voyage. He attests that the boats brought the 報告（する）／憶測 of "a very wide hay, 避難所d from all 勝利，勝つd...The captain and 操縦する, having heard the 報告（する）／憶測 on this bay, and of another 広大な／多数の／重要な bay to leeward, ordered sail to be 始める，決める; and so they proceeded, with no small joy.\ Ail had now been 遂行するd によれば their 願望（する）s, 持つ／拘留するing in their 手渡すs the most abundant and powerful land ever discovered by Spaniards...Presently the boat went to 捜し出す a convenient port, and brought news that there was one with soundings from four to six fathoms, all sand and clean, between the mouths of two rivers...As it was late they waited for another day, the 3rd of May, when they 錨，総合司会者d, calling the port La Vera Cruz, and the land La Austral del Espiritu Santo."

"The port is between two rivers, and they gave one the 指名する of Jordan, and the other the 指名する of Salvador. Their banks are of no small beauty, for they are 十分な of 甘い flowers and herbs. The beaches of this bay are wide, long and flat.

In all parts 直面するing the sea there are 冷静な／正味の and pleasant groves 延長するing to the 味方するs of 非常に／多数の hills, and even to the 首脳会議 of one which was 上がるd by our people. These dills divide most fertile level valleys, which are picturesque,

{Page 11}

while the green 法案s are 横断するd by さまざまな rivers. The whole is a land which, without any 疑問, has the advantage of America and of the greater part of our Europe." He その上の 割り当てるs the 回路・連盟 of the Bay as 27 leagues, and the en-trance as having an expanse of eight leagues.

7. One of the most 利益／興味ing 記録，記録的な／記録するs connected with tile ?e Quiros 探検隊／遠征隊 is the manorial of Juan Luis Arias, a lawyer of Santiago in Chile, 演説（する）／住所d to King Philip III. of Spain. He derived his （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） from the Franciscan Fathers who …を伴ってd the 探検隊／遠征隊, and his 記念の was written soon after the death of De Quires in 1615. He styles the newly discovered land "the Austral 半球," and he 述べるs the harbour in which De Quiros landed as a magnificent expanse of water. "The land on the 味方する that he first （機の）カム upon ran from E. to W. It appeared to be more than 100 leagues (300 miles) long; the country was very populous, and although the people were dark, they were very 井戸／弁護士席-favoured. There wore also many 農園s of trees, and the 気温 was so 穏やかな that they seemed to be in 楽園: the 空気／公表する also was so healthy that in a few days after they arrived all the men who were sick 回復するd. The land

produced most abundantly many 肉親，親類d of very delicious fruits, 同様に as animals and birds in 広大な／多数の／重要な variety. The bay was no いっそう少なく abundant in fish of excellent flavour and of all the 肉親，親類d

which are 設立する on the coast of the sea in Spain. The natives ate for bread 確かな roots like the batata (the yam), either roasted or boiled, which, when the Spaniards tasted, they 設立する them better eating and more 支えるing than 薄焼きパン／素焼陶器."

He subsequently 明言する／公表するs that De Quiros reached the 26 deg. of S. Latitude, and 追加するs: "The land of the Bay of San Felipe y Santiago showed very 広大な／多数の／重要な 調印するs of its 存在 the coast of the southern continent; as much by its 広大な／多数の／重要な extent as by there 存在 明白な from it, ぼんやり現れるing at a 広大な／多数の／重要な distance, cordilleras of very lofty mountains, of very agreeable 面; and by the fact of two rivers 落ちるing into the bay, one as large as the Guadalquivir, and the other not やめる as 幅の広い; all 調印するs of a continent, or at least of a very spacious and 深い country approaching to a continent."

II.

The data which these 抽出するs 現在の cannot be reconciled with the Island of Santo's （人命などを）奪う，主張するs.

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1. The dimensions of Santo are given by Findlay in his "South 太平洋の Ocean Directory," published for the Admiralty in London in 1884. The Island of Santo, he tells us, is 65 miles in its greatest length, and about half that extent in its greatest width. Sir Clements Markham, in his Introduction, 令状s that Santo has a big bay, but is a small island. Some time ago one of our Sydney morning newspapers published a letter from a Protestant missionary, in which, he 述べるd his excursion across the island from shore to shore in one day.

Now it is やめる absurd to suppose that 専門家 explorers such as De Quiros and his companions were would be 駅／配置するd at Santo for 36 days, and some of them for an 付加 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of 15 days, without their realising how 限られた／立憲的な was its extent. They 述べる the discovered land as of 広大な expanse, larger than Europe, even with Asia Minor and the Mediterranean 追加するd to it. One of its valleys that was spread out before them was 10 leagues (that is, 30 miles) in extent. They sailed along the coast for 100 leagues (300 miles), and felt 保証するd, by its many rivers and 井戸／弁護士席-避難所d ports, and by the splendid cordilleras that were seen in the distance, that they had alighted upon a 広大な continent. No rivers as are 述べるd in the ex-tracts can be 設立する in Santo.

2. The Island of Santo is proud of its "big bay," but even this cannot be said to 耐える any 割合 to the 広大な bay of SS. Philip and James, which was entered by De Quiros on 1st of May in 1606. The bay thus discovered was 20 leagues (60 miles) in length, and, によれば De Torres, it was 25 leagues (75 miles) in 回路・連盟. One of the narratives gives it a 回路・連盟 of 27 leagues, that would be 81 miles. The 入り口 to the Bay had an extent of eight leagues (24 miles), and at the 入り口 to the port it was four leagues (12 miles) 幅の広い. The 操縦する enthusiastically cries out that all the ships of the world would find room in that magnificent bay. How different are the 割合s which Santo's bay 現在のs! Findlay 令状s (p. 748) that the 回路・連盟 of the bay of Santo is "about 36 miles." Sir Clements Markham (I. 273) 挿入するs a 報告（する）／憶測 on the bay by Dr. Corney, a member of the Hakluyt Society, who visited it in 1876. He 令状s: "The depth or extent of the bay itself, from its chord formed by the imaginary E. and W. line drawn

{Page13}

through Cape Quiros, seemed to me about a dozen miles, and it is of 類似の width."

Mr. Panton, 統括するing at a 会合 of the Geographical Society of Melbourne (Vol. xix., p. 80) in 1901, gave some. その上の 詳細（に述べる）s: "I have this day had the 楽しみ of 会合 with the Rev. Mr. Paton, the 井戸／弁護士席-known missionary of the New Hebrides, who, during 42 years' 住居 in that group, had often visited Santo. He 知らせるd me that the bay is 10 miles in depth, and about four or five miles across at the en-trance; that it is surrounded by wooded hills; that no distant sierra is to be seen from it; and that the one small river running into the Bay is 指名するd by the natives Yeor."

The bay discovered by De Quiros afforded 安全な 船の停泊地, was "limpid and 解放する／自由な to enter by day or by night," and was 解放する／自由な from ハリケーンs. In Dr. Corney's description of Santo Bay (I. 274) we read: "The west shore of this bay rises steeply from the water throughout most of its extent...The 船の停泊地, is not exposed either from E.N.E. or E.S.E., but from N.W. to N. and N.E. it is 危険な. Findlay 令状s of Santo Bay (p. 749): "The approach to Santo is not without its dangers...ハリケーンs 勝つ／広く一帯に広がる during the whole of the wet season."

The discovered bay in its wide expanse 直面するd the East, 延長するing from N. to S. On the contrary, Santo Bay 直面するs the north, 延長するing from W. to E.

3. De Quiros 特に 言及するs to the two rivers which flow into the bay, 隣接するing the port, the one as large as the Guadalquivir at Seville, the other not so large; both navigable, not to boats only, but to light フリゲート艦s. Now at Santo there are several streams, but only one river. In the passage already 特記する／引用するd by Mr. Panton, the Protestant missionary attests that there is but "one small river running into the bay." A Scotch planter of the New Hebrides, who was shipwrecked at Santo, and was compelled to spend several weeks on the island, 令状s: "Nowhere in Santo are there any such, rivers as are 述べるd by De Quiros in his account of the Tierra Australis; the 傾向 of all the streams on this island is to spread into shallows 近づく the beach; that was my experience of them, and I have waded through them by day, and slept on their banks by night." ("Australasian カトリック教徒 記録，記録的な／記録する," January, 1902.)

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4. What 原因（となる）d joy in a special manner to the Spanish explorers was that within the bay they 設立する a splendid harbour, to which they gave the 指名する of Vera Cruz, 有能な of 安全な 船の停泊地 for 1000 大型船s. No such harbour is to be 設立する at Santo Bay. Findlay curtly 発言／述べるs: "The port of Vera Cruz is not to be 設立する in it." Mr. Collingridge, in his most 利益／興味ing "発見 of Australia" (Sydney, 1895), also gives the 声明 of a venerable Marist missionary, who spent many years in the New Hebrides, that "there is no such port at Santo."

5. De Quiros and his associates 言及する to the 罰金 立ち往生させる connected with this port and 延長するing between the two rivers; and they make particular について言及する of the 激しい 黒人／ボイコット pebbles strewn on this 立ち往生させる, "admirably ふさわしい for ships' ballast." Nothing of all this is to be met with at Santo.

6. The narratives from which I have given 抽出するs 言及する to the singular healthiness of the newly discovered land. Now Findlay 令状s of Santo (p. 749): "The 気候 from the luxuriance of the vegetation and the dampness of the 国／地域 seems much いっそう少なく adapted to European 憲法s than the Polynesian islands, whose natives also 苦しむ here from dysentery, fever and ague." The missionaries' 報告（する）／憶測s 確認する this 声明. Mr. Bevan, 演説（する）／住所ing the Geographical Society of Melbourne in May, 1900, while eulogising the 外見 of Santo, 認める the prevalence of "malaria and perpetual enervating heat," which made it unfit for Europeans.

7. No large islands are in sight from Santo Bay. De Quiros relates of the bay which he discovered that within 見解（をとる） were seven islands, and 中途の to them other inhabitable islands. The 回路・連盟 of the seven islands would be about 200 leagues, and one of them was 50 leagues (150 miles) in circumference, almost as large as the Island of Santo itself. The precision with which those Spanish explorers 始める，決める 前へ／外へ the expanse of the islands off the discovered coast is a sure argument for their 正確 when they 報告（する）／憶測 the 広大な extent of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern Land.

8. De Quiros 令状s regarding the 資源s of the discovered land: "The riches are silver and pearls, which I saw, and gold which was seen by the other captain, as he says in his 報告（する）／憶測." Findlay 報告（する）／憶測s that in Santo there is nothing to 示す

{Page 15}

any such riches; "no trace has been 設立する of silver or gold.

9. The さまざまな 種類 of fishes which were 設立する by the Spanish explorers are 始める，決める 前へ／外へ in 詳細（に述べる）. Some of these, for instance the salmon and the pig-fish, are not to be 設立する at Santo, but they have their habitat on the Australian coast.

10. について言及する is made of the 施設s for building which the marble quarries of the newly discovered land would pre-sent. No marble is to be 設立する in Santo.

11. Findlay 令状s of Santo (p. 766): "It rather partakes of the character of an 群島 than a 選び出す／独身 island, from the 非常に／多数の islands clustered around its shores." Such a 目だつ feature would not have escaped the careful 査察 of De Quiros and his companions.

12. In 述べるing the 利益／興味ing features of the newly discovered land, the Spanish writers could not but have dwelt upon the attractiveness and beauty of its 珊瑚 surroundings, were Santo the land to which they 言及する. Santo is 正確に，正当に classed の中で "the summer 小島s of Eden, in dark purple spheres of sea." Mr. Theodore F. Bevan, in his discourse al-ready referred to, at the 会合 of the Geographical Society at Melbourne, in May, 1900, 述べるs the 見通し that must have 現在のd itself to the enraptured gaze of De Quiros when approaching Santo: "Ocean 床に打ち倒す bestrewn with emerald pearl and turquoise; rosy, like waking Venus, and after age-long sleep in blue 太平洋の depth the 広大な／多数の／重要な Cyclades uprose, homage to 支払う／賃金 to their discoverer." All this could not have been for-gotten by De Quiros and his companions.

III.

The data furnished by the さまざまな 記念のs of De Quiros and his fellow-explorers fit in 正確に with the （人命などを）奪う，主張する of Port Curtis and the 隣接するing coast to be the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern Land of their 発見.

1. To the newly discovered land they 割り当てるd the dimensions of a Continent. Such is Australia. We, must 耐える in mind that, believing it to be the long-sought-for Southern Continent, they would, in 一致 with the 現在の ideas in those days, 延長する its southern 境界 to the 南極の circle. With such 限界s, De Quiros might most 正確に，正当に 見積（る） that it would 越える Europe even with Asia Minor and the Mediterranean

{Page 16}

superadded, and that it might 正確に，正当に be 階級d a% a fourth part of the 調査するd world.

2. The magnificent expanse of water, 含むing Keppel Bay and Port Curtis, has an extent of about GO miles, and its 回路・連盟 along the coast 追加するs at least 15 miles to its length. The width of Keppel Bay at its 入り口 is about 24 miles, and that of Port Curtis is 12 miles. These 測定s correspond in a general way with those that are 割り当てるd to De Quiros's 発見.

3. The Boyne and Calliope Rivers correspond to the two rivers 述べるd by De Quiros. Their position "中途の in the bay," 隣接するing the 船の停泊地, and the distance of about six miles between the mouths of the rivers, correspond to the description given in the 抽出するs. De Torres 令状s that other rivers also 落ちる into the bay, and here we have the Fitzroy and other smaller rivers. It might at first 原因（となる） surprise that De Quiros would not make special 言及／関連 to so important a river as the Fitzroy. But we must 耐える in mind he was in search of 船の停泊地 and of navigable rivers. The Boyne and Calliope were just the rivers that met his wishes. The Fitzroy, with its rocky approaches, repelled the Spanish 航海士s, and it was only when the 激しく揺するs were （疑いを）晴らすd at かなりの expense in latter times that it became at all navigable.

4. Port Curtis, or as it is at 現在の more 一般に called, Port Gladstone, is 正確に such as would captivate the heart of De Quiros. "A thousand ships could find 船の停泊地 here," is his description of the newly discovered port. It will be 発言／述べるd as a singular coincidence that some years ago Mr. Nesbitt, 診察するing the coast harbours on the part of the 政府, 公式に 報告（する）／憶測d in almost 同一の words: "The harbour of Port Curtis 申し込む／申し出s 安全な 船の停泊地 for 1000 of the largest 大型船s afloat."

In an 公式の／役人 despatch of 陸軍大佐 Barney to the 政府 under date 20th July, 1847, we read: "The position and extent of Port Curtis, which I take to be the third harbour in importance in these seas, inferior only to Port Jackson and Hobart Town, must すぐに lead to an 設立 on its shores."

5. A remarkable feature of the 立ち往生させる at Port Curtis is that it is strewn with "黒人／ボイコット 激しい pebbles" such as De Quiros 述べるs. These are the "Manganese 泡s," as they are

{Page 17}

地元で 指定するd. The editor of the "Gladstone 支持する," in a letter to me, 令状s: "Manganese abounds in this 地区. Fragments of this mineral, 黒人／ボイコット and 激しい; are strewn all over the shore line when the tide goes out." I may 追加する that one of the richest 地雷s of Manganese has its 開始 の近くに to the 現在の harbour 上陸 place at Gladstone.

6. There is no question as to the healthiness of the Queensland coast, and to the invigorating 影響（力） of its atmosphere, 特に in the months of May and June, which was the time of De Quiros's sojourn there.

7. The seven islands within sight, and other 住むd islands half-way, are a 独特の feature of Keppel Bay and Port Curtis. One of the distant islands, with a 回路・連盟 of 50 leagues (150 miles), corresponds to Curtis Island. 直面するing Island, in 前線 of Gladstone, was 住むd by the natives till a comparatively late period.

8. Needless to say that 調印するs of silver and gold are no strangers along the Queensland coast.

9. I have referred to the salmon and pig-fish, which are 特に referred to by De Quiros, but for which we search in vain at Santo. On the other 手渡す, we find that the Queens-land rivers and coast abound with them. All 訪問者s to Queensland are familiar with the pig-fish. As regards the salmon, an 専門家 特派員 令状s to me: "The most remarkable fresh-water fish in Queensland is the famous Burnett Salmon (ceratodus Forsteri). This salmon of De Quiros belongs to the Dipnoid fishes, of which there are only two other 種類 in 証拠, one in the アマゾン, the other in South Africa. The 存在 of this fish in the (islands of the) South Seas is 絶対 unknown to science." Mr. Stead, in.. "Fishes of Australia" (Sydney, 1906), 言及するs to this particular 種類 of salmon as たびたび（訪れる）ing the Burnett River, and also the Mary River, in Queensland.

10. Marble, and 特に building marble, and 石灰岩 are abundant in Gladstone and its neighbourhood, and also in some of the islands off the harbour.

Seeing that the data furnished by the Spanish explorers fit in in such a singular manner with the Gladstone 地区 and the Queensland coast, we feel 正当化するd in 結論するing that the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern Land which was discovered by them was 非，不，無 other than our Australian Continent.

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IV.

Two arguments are 前進するd in favour of the Santo Island, which at first seem やめる conclusive, but which, when more closely 診察するd, are 設立する to 長所 no attention.

1. The first argument is as follows:-The さまざまな narratives 割り当てる the Latitude 15 deg. 15 min. South as the exact position of the 上陸 place in the newly discovered land. This leads us to Santo.

We must 耐える in mind, however, that in those days the 海上の explorers in their published 報告（する）／憶測s were careful to 隠す the 正確な latitude and longitude of the lands which they discovered, thus to lead astray their 競争相手 explorers and to 妨げる their appropriating the advantages of their 発見. This ruse of the 早期に Spanish and Dutch 航海士s is referred to in the introduction to the first 容積／容量, of the Hakluyt series. Our own Australian Ernest Favenc, in his excellent "Story of Australian 探検," p. 18 (Sydney, 1888), 発言／述べるs that "the jealousy with which the 海上の nations of Europe guarded their 発見s from each other has been the means of putting 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulties in the way of tracing out the 早期に traditions of the 広大な／多数の／重要な South Land...

The generous emulation in the 原因（となる） of 科学の 発見 was unknown, and the secrets of the sea were scrupulously kept."

Sir Clements Markham also 発言／述べるs that "the Spanish 政府 jealously 隠すd the knowledge acquired by their 広大な／多数の／重要な explorers" (I. xxviii.).

One of my critics has indeed 発言／述べるd that though such jealousy 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd in the 早期に days of 探検, it had disappeared before the period of which we now 扱う／治療する. But it is やめる the 逆転する. Never, perhaps, were the secrets of 発見 more jealously guarded than at this very period.

In the narrative of his voyage, drawn up by his 長官 but 調印するd by himself, De Quiros 追加するs, regarding his 発見 (I. 157): "I beg you to keep it secret, for man does not know what time brings."

In the 容積／容量s just published by Sir Clements Markham we find (II., 516) a 記念の to the King of Spain 告発する／非難するing De Quiros of indiscretion in giving an account of his 発見s, "a 訴訟／進行 which may 原因（となる） serious inconvenience, from the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that foreigners way be able to gather, and thus send notices of those lands and of the 航海 to their

{Page 19}

countrymen." The King on 31st October, 1610, with his own 手渡す, gave the order: "Tell the same Quiros to collect these papers, and give them with secrecy to the officers of the 会議 of the Indies, for these things are not to pass through many 手渡すs."

2. The second argument is one on which our worthy 国民, Mr. Collingridge, and the 長官 of the Geographical Society おもに rely. The 地図／計画する of the newly-discovered land, which was drawn by Diego de Prado y Tobar, and was for-区d by him to the Spanish. King from Goa on the 24th December, 1613, has at length come to light. It unmistakably 現在のs to us the Santo Island.

I at once 収容する／認める that this 地図／計画する of Prado y Tobar 代表するs the Island of Santo, and I also 収容する／認める that Prado y Tobar formed part of the 探検隊／遠征隊 of De Quiros. Mr. Collingridge styles him the cartographer of the 探検隊／遠征隊, but of this high position there is no について言及する in the 同時代の 記録，記録的な／記録するs. On the contrary, in two published 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）s (I., 254; IT., 382) he is 割り当てるd the office of storekeeper of the 事業／計画（する）d 解決／入植地, He 追求するd De Quiros with singular venom and undisguised 敵意. De Torres, in his narrative, finds fault with De Quiros for his lenity in 取引，協定ing with 違反者／犯罪者s. Only two members of his company had been punished by him during the voyage, and he only （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるd on them the trivial 罰s of transferring them to his ship when they 長所d the gravest chastisement. One of these 違反者／犯罪者s was Prado y Tobar. All through De Quiros's その後の career we find that this 違反者／犯罪者 追求するd him with unceasing 敵意. Sr Clements Markham 述べるs him as a mutinous officer, and again calls him the enemy, and the malignant enemy of De Quiros. (I., xvi., xxix., xxxii.).

Two letters of his are published by Sir C. Markham. They …を伴ってd the 地図／計画する on which my critics now rely in these letters he calls De Quiros an impostor, a liar, and a 詐欺 (II., 511, seqq.), who discovered nothing "but some 暗礁s and small islands," and who should be wholly discredited in the 声明s of his 記念のs and in his pretence to having 設立する the 広大な／多数の／重要な Austral Land. The 地図／計画する which he 今後s is part and 小包 of this 試みる／企てる to discredit De Quiros. From the very 手始め 類似の 試みる／企てるs had been made. On his arrival in Mexico after his eventful voyage, De Quiros 令状s (I., 311)

{Page 20}

that "there were persons who, to gratify their evil passions, wrote to the Viceroy of Mexico, and （種を）蒔くd many letters all over the land, trying to misrepresent and discredit the 探検隊／遠征隊." So prejudiced were some members of the 会議 against him that he was, regarded "as a very dangerous man who might sell his knowledge and services to the English." (I., xxxv.).

That Santo was one of the islands discovered by De Quiros is unquestionable, and it is no いっそう少なく 確かな that the 地図／計画する 今後d from Goa in 1613 代表するs the Santo island; but when Prado y Tobar 今後s the 地図／計画する of Santo as proof that the 声明s of the captain regarding his 発見 of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Austral Land were without 創立／基礎, I cannot but regard it as an 付加 argument in favour of my 論争, that Santo cannot be the grand Austral continent of which De Quiros speaks and of which he （人命などを）奪う，主張するd to be the discoverer.

V.

Some difficulties that have been 勧めるd against the （人命などを）奪う，主張するs of Port Curtis now 需要・要求する our attention.

1. It has been 発言／述べるd that some of the 製品s 祝う／追悼するd by De Quiros, when he speaks of the "yams, oranges, limes, papans, almonds, nutmegs, mace, ginger and pepper," are not indigenous to the Queensland coast. We must 耐える in mind, however, that De Quiros 言及するs to these as プロの／賛成の-導管s of the さまざまな islands and other lands which he had discovered, and not as characteristic of the 領土 around the harbour of Vera Cruz. The 開拓するs who 調査するd the Port Curtis 地区 in the middle of the last century 設立する 豊富 of fruits の中で the natives. Mr. Friend, who was one of those explorers, 令状s to me that around Port Curtis "in the 早期に days there were yams growing there and many 肉親，親類d of wild fruits, even bread-fruit and wild 気が狂って." Another 専門家 attests that in the Gladstone 地区 there are three varieties of the citrus, and that there is also a いわゆる wild plum (solanum) with a 罰金 bloom on the fruit. A gentleman connected with the Department of 農業 in Brisbane also 令状s: "As to indigenous fruits, the 主要な／長／主犯 one is the Eugenia Myrtifolia, which 耐えるs a 量 of fruit. The 政府 Botanist here 知らせるs me that there are hundreds of these trees, and some 植民／開拓者s make the fruit into jam." All this

{Page 21}

harmonises perfectly with the accounts given by the Spanish explorers.

2. It has been argued, however, by Mr. Favenc that the explorers 設立する in the land of their 発見 a rich and fertile 国／地域 and all the 必要物／必要条件s for a 繁栄するing 解決／入植地. Now, he says, the 領土 around Port Curtis is the 逆転する of all this. He 特記する／引用するs the words of Oxley, who, in 1823, having 錨，総合司会者d in Port Curtis looking for a 場所／位置 for a 罪人／有罪を宣告する 解決／入植地, 報告（する）／憶測d to the 政府 as follows: "Having 見解（をとる）d and 診察するd with the most anxious attention every point that afforded the least 約束 of 存在 適格の for the 場所／位置 of a 解決／入植地, I respectfully 服従させる／提出する it as my opinion that Port Curtis and its 周辺 do not afford such a 場所／位置; and I do not think that any 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立 could be formed there that would return, either from the natural 生産／産物s of the country or as arising from 農業の 労働, any 部分 of the 広大な／多数の／重要な expense that would やむを得ず …に出席する its 形式." It should be a 十分な reply to Mr. Oxley's 報告（する）／憶測 that he visited the country under very exceptional circumstances, and that the 政府, as a 事柄 of fact, ignored his 報告（する）／憶測 and proceeded to carry out the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 解決／入植地 which was 事業／計画（する）d there.

Another critic 特記する／引用するs the 証言 of "the Police 治安判事" at Gladstone, to the 影響 that, "speaking 一般に, there is not a decent piece of land around Port Curtis." This, indeed, would not be 一貫した with the 声明 of De Quiros that there was excellent land for every sort of cultivation in the 地区 which he 調査するd. However, it has been often 発言／述べるd that Police 治安判事s are not always the best or the most 専門家 裁判官s as regards the 質 of land in their 各々の 地区s; and the 現在の instance does not appear to be an exception to the 支配する. The editor of the "Gladstone 支持する," on February 16th, 1901, makes short work of the difficulty. He thus 令状s:

"It has been said that, speaking 一般に, there is not a decent piece of land around Gladstone. That, we think, is a question of horizon. If we 限界 our 見解（をとる） to the town itself, and a few miles of its 環境s, the land is only reasonably good, with only patches of excellent 質. But if we take the Gladstone 地区 一般に such a 声明 is untrue. There is no finer land in Queensland-we might say Australia-than

{Page 22}

that which is to be 設立する along the valleys of the Boyne and Calliope. It is marvellously rich and prolific, and suitable for 農業の or pastoral 目的s. The の近くに 解決／入植地 which is now going on in the Gladstone 地区 is proof of the excellent 質 of the land."

In the earlier days of colonisation the same 条件 of the country was 公式に recognised, and I will 特記する／引用する one 当局 which cannot but be regarded as conclusive in this 事柄.

In the "Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake," by Macgillivray' (published under the 許可／制裁 of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, London, 1852), is 挿入するd an 抽出する from a despatch of 陸軍大佐 Barney, under date, Sydney, 20th July, 1847, 親族 to a 提案するd 解決／入植地 at Gladstone (p. 52):

"The extent of land fit for 農業, within a few miles of the coast, far 越えるs the 期待s I had formed on my first visit. 木材／素質 for dwelling-houses and for ship-building is abundant and of the best description; and within five miles of South Shore 長，率いる (the best 場所／位置 for a 解決／入植地) there is to be 設立する 麻薬を吸う-clay, brick-earth, ironstone, freestone, granite, 罠（にかける）, 予定する, 指示，表示する物s of coal; and, 独立した・無所属 of a 広大な／多数の／重要な sup-ply of 爆撃するs for lime on the 即座の 場所／位置, there is at the 長，率いる of one of the navigable salt creeks a 罰金 freshwater stream running over a bed of 石灰岩...The position and extent of Port Curtis, which I take to be the third harbour in importance in these seas, inferior only to Port Jackson and Hobart Town, must すぐに lead to an 設立 on its shore...The country is 有能な of affording all the 熱帯の 同様に as a かなりの 部分 of European produce, and will be 設立する 高度に favourable for the 産む／飼育するing of 在庫／株."

3. De Quiros, in his 記念のs to the King, 言及するs 特に to one feature of the newly-discovered land which finds no 相当するもの in Santo or the other islands of the New Hebrides Group, but which is fully realised on the shores of Port Curtis. This is "the marble quarries," from which (as De Quiros 追加するs) "sumptuous and elegant edifices could br, raised." Now, the most sanguine 支持する／優勝者s of Santo have not as yet 設立する the slightest trace of marble there, whilst 巨大な beds of marble 刈る up to the surface along the coast and in the islands off the coast at Port Curtis.

{Page 23}

As this is such a 独特の feature of the 調査するd 領土 around the harbour of Vera Cruz, it may be 井戸／弁護士席 to 解任する a few passages that 言及する to it.

In a village that the explorers visited they 設立する "a flute, and 確かな small things worked out of pieces of marble and jasper." Again, De Quiros 令状s: "It appeared to us that we saw there quarries of good marble; 1 say good, because several things were seen that were made of it and of jasper."

Of the natives it is said: "They work 石／投石する marble and make flutes, etc."

And again we read: "The convenience of such excellent 国／地域, 黒人／ボイコット, 厚い, and の近くに, is that tiles and bricks may be 製造（する）d. This, 連合させるd with good quarries, will enable large and sumptuous edifices to be built, the 広大な／多数の／重要な 豊富 of 木材／素質 giving help. Many mills can be 築くd, the rivers having such 容積／容量...The 石／投石する is 罰金, hard, and takes a polish. There are also very good quarries as in Madrid."

Some of my critics have endeavoured to 少なくなる the 負わせる of this argument by 明言する／公表するing that the Gladstone marble is of inferior 質, "As to the marble or 石灰岩 deposits (one writer 明言する／公表するs), there is any 量 of it 14 miles from Glad-石／投石する, but it is not good as a 支配する, having too much lime scattered through it. It is useless for mantelpieces, headstones, statues, etc." Here, however, it is to be 発言／述べるd that it is of marble for building 目的s that De Quiros speaks, and the more lime the marble may have the better will it 控訴 for such 目的s. All the marble quarries, however, in the Glad-石／投石する 地区 are not of the same 質. One of them is known by the 指名する of Carrara, and has veins of the best 質 of marble. An article in the "Gladstone 支持する," under date February the 16th, 1901, 始める，決めるs all difficulties at 残り／休憩（する） on this 長，率いる, and 証明するs to 有罪の判決 that in so far as this feature of the discovered land is 関心d, it harmonises perfectly with the Port Gladstone 地区. It is as follows:

"It will be noticed that the 存在 of marble is not 否定するd. But that it is of an inferior 質 we utterly 反駁する. We have frequently referred to the marble deposits of this 地区. It is true that the deposits which form the bed and 法外な bank of the Calliope River are inferior to deposits 設立する in other parts of the 地区, 存在, for the most part, a breccia marble, the 粒子s 存在 fastened with an アイロンをかける 固く結び付ける,

{Page 24}

but it takes a beautiful polish and has a most variegated 外見. These deposits are easily reached by way of the river, The Calliope River crossing is 覆うd with marble. There are also large deposits on the Boyne River. But the locality is rich in all varieties of this classic 石／投石する, from white statuary marble almost equal to the finest Carrara, and the blackest of 黒人／ボイコット marbles, to the most variegated. It is not 限定するd to one 位置／汚点／見つけ出す, but abounds throughout the whole 地区. That it is of good 質, and could be utilised for building, ornamental or statuary 目的s, we can aver, as we speak with some degree of experience, and have before us as we 令状 polished 見本s of almost every description to be 設立する in the 地区. That it can be used to good 目的 may be seen at any time if one likes to 診察する the marble font in the Presbyterian Church, which is made from 地元の marble. The mantelpieces in the Queensland 議会 House are also made from marble from the Gladstone 地区. A （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する made from our marble was sent to the Paris 展示, and the 製造者 was awarded a silver メダル. There are also monuments and tombstones in our 地元の 共同墓地. There are polished tablets which have been exposed to the 天候 since 1858 as good in 外見 now as they were then, 見本s of the marble and many ornaments made from it were sent to the Indian and 植民地の 展示 in 1886, and the exhibitor was

awarded a 証明書 and a メダル. This is proof enough, surely, of its 質. If De Quiros or any other 航海士 sailed up the Calliope River, the mouth of which is a couple of miles north of Auckland Inlet, on which Gladstone stands, he could not 行方不明になる the marble deposits there, but he might easily be 容赦d if he did not ascertain if there was any-thing of a superior 質 some distance away, or 問い合わせ into its 質. The mere fact that there was marble would probably be 十分な （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） for him."

4. Another ありふれた difficulty against the opinion which I have 可決する・採択するd 解任するs to mind the fact that hitherto every writer on the 地理学 of the South Seas has regarded Santo as the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern Land discovered by De Quiros. It cannot but be presumptuous, it is said, to 前進する an opinion contrary to such a 合意 of 専門家 writers. Findlay, however, has 井戸／弁護士席 発言／述べるd that in this 事柄 geographers have, as a 事柄 of course, 受託するd without 調査 the 声明s of Captain

{Page 25}

Cook. He 設立する that the degree of latitude 割り当てるd by De Quiros harmonised with Santo, and he at once 受託するd its big bay as the 上陸 place of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Spanish explorer. Probably not one of the その後の geographical writers knew anything of Santo except what was 始める，決める 前へ／外へ by Captain Cook, for the New Hebrides were outside the ordinary 跡をつける of 航海, and were but little known till our own day; and, on the other 手渡す, the 初めの sources of （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） regarding the 発見 of De Quiros were not 利用できる. The mountains of the Moon 国境ing on the Sahara in Africa 現在の a 類似の instance. A traveller some 200 years ago having referred to such a chain of mountains, each その後の geographer as-調印するd them their 予定 position in the African Continent. When Stanley 侵入するd Central Africa, no such mountain 範囲 could be 設立する, and it at once became evident that they were mere moonshine. The identifying Santo with the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern Land was no いっそう少なく a delusion.

It is not 正確な, however, to 明言する／公表する that all geographers have hitherto been agreed in 割り当てるing Santo as the 広大な／多数の／重要な Land discovered by De Quiros. Our worthy Sydney 国民, Mr. Collingridge (p. 305), 再生するs the 地図／計画する of that Southern Land published in 1752 by the geographer to the King of フラン, who manifestly had 接近 to 初めの sources not 一般に 利用できる. His 地図／計画する 現在のs a fair 輪郭（を描く） of our Australian Continent, and on its North-East coast, pretty 井戸／弁護士席 corresponding to the position of Port Curtis, he 示すs the harbour of Vera Cruz, discovered by De Quiros.

5. Some critics have 発言／述べるd that although the Boyne of the Queensland coast is a fair-sized river, yet it can have no （人命などを）奪う，主張する to be に例えるd to the Guadalquivir (the very 指名する of which 暗示するs a "広大な／多数の／重要な river"), which for 60 miles of its course to the city of Seville is navigable for the largest 大型船s. But we must …に出席する to the words of De Quiros. He expressly 明言する／公表するs that the river which he discovered was as large as the Guadalquivir at Seville, that is, 60 miles from its mouth. Beyond Seville, the Guadalquivir is navigable only for smaller （手先の）技術 and little フリゲート艦s. The Boyne may 正確に，正当に be compared to it at that 行う／開催する／段階 of its course.

6. It only remains to consider the difficulty 前進するd by Mr. Ernest Favenc, who, 令状ing in the "Australian 定期刊行物 of Education" (September 1st, 1904), 競うs that the data furnished

{Page 26}

by De Torres are irreconcilable with the （人命などを）奪う，主張する of Port Curtis. De Torres (he says) sailed from the newly-discovered harbour of Vera Cruz on a south-westerly course till he reached the 27 deg. of S. latitude, and then, veering his course to the N.W., （機の）カム upon the southern coast of New Guinea, and discovered the 海峡 that 耐えるs his 指名する. If we suppose him to start from Port Curtis on such a course, he must have sailed through the Australian Continent. In this 声明 of the 事例／患者, however, it seems to me that Mr. Favenc does not do 司法（官） to the 本物の meaning of De Torres's narrative. I 解釈する／通訳する him to 暗示する that he 解決するd to continue the voyage where De Quiros had interrupted it at the 26 deg. South latitude, thus to carry out what he believed to be the 王室の 指示／教授／教育s. によれば this 解釈／通訳, he sailed some days along the Queensland coast, but finding the 勝利，勝つd unfavourable, proceeded to the latitude and longitude where. De Quiros had abandoned the southern voyage. Thence De Torres sailed に向かって the south to the 30 deg., and even passed that latitude one degree on a south-east course. This would bring him だいたい to the longitude 163 deg. as 示すd on our 地図／計画するs. Finding no land, he directed his course to the north-west, where 結局 he fell in with the southern coast of New Guinea. This appears to be the natural meaning of the words of De Torres, and the course of 航海 which he would thus have 追求するd is やめる reconcilable with the fact that Fort Curtis was his starting point. Mr. Collingridge (p. 234) calls attention to the fact that De Torres speaks of the "について言及するd latitude" and the "said latitude" in a mysterious way, and 発言／述べるs that the 正確な latitude "was, no 疑問, purposely kept secret."

There is one feature of Mr. Favenc's diagram which it will be 井戸／弁護士席 to 耐える in mind. He 許すs De Torres to proceed only to about the 27 deg. on Ms S.W. course from Santo, and then 示すs out his N.W. course to New Guinea. But De Torres's 声明 must be our guide in 場内取引員／株価 out the course which he 追求するd, and he tells us that he sailed S.W. till he reached the 3l deg. S. latitude. Now, に引き続いて out the diagram of Mr, Favenc, this course would 必然的に lead him to the Australian 本土／大陸.

7. Someone perhaps will say that there are far more than seven islands lying off the coast of Keppel Bay. De Quiros,

{Page 27}

however, 明言する／公表するs: "At this port and bay are many excellent islands, seven of which may be 特に について言及するd" Compare this with Findlay's account of the Keppel Bay coast (p. 983). There is, he tells us, the Capricorn group with three 主要な／長／主犯 islands; then the （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕 group, also with three islands. These "占領する an extent of 54 miles nearly 平行の with the coast." Then comes Curtis Island, 25 miles in length. All these form as if the outer 障壁 of the magnificent bay.

Bermudez その上の 発言／述べるs that these seven islands are "in sight of the port;" and that "nearly half-way there are other known islands," All this is 立証するd at Port Curtis, for 直面するing Island, eight miles in length, and other smaller islands stand 中途の between the port and Curtis Island, and thus all 詳細（に述べる）s admirably fit in with the description given in the Spanish narratives.

8. There remains one serious difficulty which 影響する／感情s, not the 領土, but the natives of the discovered, land. The さまざまな narratives reckon the 屈服する and arrow and 木造の swords の中で their 武器s of war. Such 武器s, however, were unknown to the Queensland aboriginals when the 領土 was visited by Captain Cook and その後の explorers.

To this difficulty the distinguished Victorian geographer, Mr. Panton to whom i have already referred has replied that the Spaniards might easily have mistaken for arrows some of the spears which are still in use の中で our aboriginals. Ile 令状s: "Anyone who has ever seen a sheaf of reed spears would look upon them as large arrows. The natives can throw them some 200 yards, and they might very easily be mistaken for arrows by Spaniards seeing them for the first time." This 特に 持つ／拘留するs good when the natives make use of the spear-残り／休憩（する）. The same writer 追加するs: As to 木造の swords, 1 would ask: Has anyone seen such a 武器 in Santo? In Australia some 武器s do 似ている swords. 1 have several in my collection."

We may その上の 発言／述べる, however, that those who have made a 熟考する／考慮する of, our 'aboriginals have come to the 結論 that more than one wave of 侵略 from the Java and the Malay 半島 must have swept over parts of Australia. In-扶養家族 even of this; we may readily suppose that during the 200 years that elapsed between the 発見 of De Quiros and the British 占領／職業 of Australia, many unrecorded vicissitudes may live occurred. The tribes from the mountains may

{Page 28}

have 圧力（をかける）d upon the natives 住むing the coast and compelled them to take 避難 in the islands scattered through-out the Torres 海峡 and in New Guinea. In these islands the 屈服する and arrow have long been in constant use. Macgillivray, in "Voyage of the Rattlesnake"( p. 296), when engaged in the 探検 of the Islands of Torres 海峡s off Cape York, 令状s that the natives there "readily parted with the 屈服するs and arrows, of which they had a very large 供給（する）." With the vicissitudes of the natives, however, we are not まず第一に／本来 取引，協定ing at 現在の. We are considering the unchanging features of the land discovered by De Quiros. These are inconsistent with the island of Santo, and are 設立する to harmonise satisfactorily with Port Curtis and the 隣接する Queensland 領土.

VI.

De Quiros had won his laurels as an explorer in the islands of the 太平洋の に向かって the の近くに of the 16th century. And now one grand 事業／計画（する） engrossed his thoughts. He would discover the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern Land, and would 競争相手 the glory of Columbus by bringing new nations under the salutary 影響（力） of 宗教. But how could he 安全な・保証する the 是認 of the Spanish 政府 for a 計画／陰謀 which to many seemed visionary and elusive?

It was the Jubilee year, 1600. 巡礼者s from every part of Europe were flocking to Rome. He, too, would take the 巡礼者's staff, and whilst in Rome he might perhaps enlist the Pontiff's sympathy for his 企業.

In the 容積／容量s of the Hakluyt Society now published by Sir Clements Markham (London, 1904) we have from De Quiros himself the narrative of his 巡礼の旅. He landed in the month of August, 1600, in the 領土 of Genoa, and thence, "dressed as a 巡礼者," 横断するd on foot several of the finest cities of Italy, where he 発言／述べるs, "there was much to see and to notice."

Arriving in Rome, he was 井戸／弁護士席 received by the Spanish 外交官／大使. On the 28th of August he partook of the 中央の-day meal with the boor 巡礼者s, and in the afternoon had an audience of the Pontiff, Clement VIII., who listened attentively to his 計画（する）s and commended his zeal and earnestness.

The most 著名な 天文学者s and geographers in the Eternal City were 招待するd to consider the 事業／計画（する） of De Quiros. In those days, as in later times, the most learned scientists

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of Europe made Rome their home. の中で them was the German, Christopher Clavius, who taught mathematics in Rome for 20 years and was 雇うd by ローマ法王 Gregory XIII. in the 是正 of the Calendar. He, with Toribio Perez, who had taught 地理学 at Salamanca, and the learned Jesuit Villapando and others, 診察するd and 認可するd the 事業／計画（する） of De Quiros. As a result, Clement VIII. gave him commendatory letters for the Spanish 君主, and 認めるd many 特権s and indulgences to those who would engage in his 企業. De Quiros 言及するs 特に to a 粒子 of the 支持を得ようと努めるd of the Cross which was given to him by His Holiness, but which, he tells us, he 得るd with very 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty. Sir C. Markham 令状s that the ローマ法王's 影響（力） 安全な・保証するd his success. Within a year he had 得るd a 王室の order, through the 会議 of 明言する／公表する, 演説（する）／住所d to the Viceroy of Peru, 教えるing that 高官 to fit out two ships at Callao, to enable Quiros to 請け負う an 探検隊／遠征隊 for the 発見 of the 南極の Continent."

Many difficulties, however, had yet to be 打ち勝つ, and it was not till the month of December, 1605, that two ships and a zabra, or 開始する，打ち上げる, were consigned at Callao to De Quiros for his glorious 企業. The ship chosen for the captain him-self was 指名するd San Pedro y Sari Pablo, and was of 150 トンs. The second ship was 指名するd San Pedro, 120 トンs. The 開始する，打ち上げる was 指名するd Los Tres Reyes.

With the 詳細（に述べる）s of the voyage we are not now 関心d. 十分である it to say that on the 1st of May, in 1606, they entered a magnificent bay, and spread out before them was what De Quiros believed to be the grand continent of which he was in search. Two days later, as they sailed 負かす／撃墜する the bay, they discovered a 安全な port in which a thousand ships could find 船の停泊地. It was 据えるd between two rivers, which 供給（する）d them with delicious fresh water, and they called it the port of Vera Cruz, from the feast of 宗教上の Cross on which it was discovered. On the に引き続いて days the coasts were 調査するd, and the captain used every 成果／努力, but in vain, to engage in friendly relations with the natives.

Pentecost Sunday (10th May) was now at 手渡す. On the eve all was joy and festivity on board the 大型船s, for next day would 証言，証人／目撃する the solemn taking 所有／入手 of the newly discovered land. A special order of Knights of the 宗教上の Ghost

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was 学校／設けるd in honour of the event. The （軍の）野営地，陣営 master and an 武装した party …に出席するd to the 準備s on shore. A small fort was equipped with four pieces of 大砲. A 一時的な church was 献身的な, under the invocation of Our Lady of Loreto, and in it an altar with a canopy was 築くd, adorned with palm 支店s and flowers. 集まりs were said at an 早期に hour, and the whole 探検隊／遠征隊, officers and men, approached 宗教上の Communion with the 意図 of 伸び（る）ing the Jubilee Indulgence 認めるd them by ローマ法王 Clement VIII, High 集まり was sung by the Father Commissary.

Two special facts are 祝う／追悼するd. The Father Commissary and his five Franciscan companions, barefooted and ひさまづくing on the beach, received, at the 手渡すs of De Torres, the second in 命令（する）, a large cross, "made of the orange 支持を得ようと努めるd of the country," in which was 挿入するd the 遺物 of 宗教上の Cross which the captain had received in Rome. This was borne aloft and all in 行列, singing the "Lignum Crucis," 前進するd to. the church door, where the cross, with all solemnity, was 始める，決める in a pedestal, and the captain 発表するd in six 際立った 布告／宣言s his taking 所有／入手 of the newly-discovered land in the 指名する of the カトリック教徒 Church, in the 指名する of His Majesty the King, etc.

The second event was at the の近くに of the High 集まり. I. will 述べる it in the words of De Quiros's 長官: "The three ensigns, who now held the 旗，新聞一面トップの大見出し／大々的に報道するs in their 手渡すs, inclined them to the ground in 前線 of the altar, the 王室の En-調印する 持つ／拘留するing the 王室の 基準. The Commissary blessed them with 広大な／多数の／重要な solemnity; and at a 確かな signal that was given to the ships, whose mast-長，率いる 旗，新聞一面トップの大見出し／大々的に報道するs 陳列する，発揮するd the 王室の 武器 and at the 味方するs the two columns (symbols of the Spanish 力／強力にする) and the 加える ultra, with the streamers ぱたぱたするing; 解雇する／砲火／射撃d off all their guns with 十分な 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s; the 兵士s 発射する／解雇するd muskets and arquebuses, and the gunners sent off ロケット／急騰するs and 解雇する／砲火／射撃-wheels. In the middle of al-I this noise, all shouted with almost infinite joy, and many times, Long Live the 約束 of Christ. And with this the 祝賀 of the festival （機の）カム to an end."

The next care of De Quiros was to 学校／設ける and 就任する a municipality to 支配（する）／統制する the 運命s of the 未来 city. It is pleasing to find の中で the 任命するd 治安判事s a 指名する which at the 現在の day is 高度に honoured throughout Queensland, Julian Real.

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The festival of Corpus Christi was kept with 予定 solemnity on the 21st of May. It was regarded by the Spaniards as "the first festival celebrated in honour of the Most High Lord iii these strange and unknown lands."

The 長官 of De Quiros gives a minute and 詳細（に述べる）d description of this beautiful feast.

On the 20th of May the （軍の）野営地，陣営 master, with a hundred 兵士s, went on shore to adorn the church, and to 示す our the streets for the 行列. Before daybreak on the 21st all were 岸に. The church was "bravely decorated" with green 支店s. The altar in particular was richly ornamented; a large oil-絵 of the Crucifixion served as the altar-piece, the candles were lighted and the incense 燃やすing.

There were three high triumphal arches, enlaced with palms, 支店s of fruit trees and flowers; the ground was also strewn with flowers. The streets were formed with a variety of trees, and at two angles, under two other arches, were 築くd two altars of repose with their canopies; on these altars were the images of St. Peter and St. Paul.

In the Church three 集まりs were celebrated. The day was （疑いを）晴らす and serene, and as the sun rose over the 栄冠を与えるs of the trees, its rays entering through the 支店s, the difference in the fruits of each 工場／植物 was shown in 広大な／多数の／重要な profusion. Here, too, could be heard the persistence with which the birds sang and 詠唱するd; the leaves and 支店s were seen to move gently, and the whole place was agreeable, fresh, shady, with a gentle 空気／公表する moving, and the sea smooth."

The order of 行列 is minutely 述べるd. A 兵士 went first, 持つ／拘留するing aloft the 激しい cross of orange 支持を得ようと努めるd. Next （機の）カム a lay brother 耐えるing a gilt cross, …に出席するd by Acolytes and Thurifer, all wearing red cassocks and surplices. Then followed the three companies in order, each one 耐えるing its 旗，新聞一面トップの大見出し／大々的に報道する in the centre; with its 派手に宣伝するs sounding a march. As was usual in the Spanish 行列s, there was a picturesque sword-dance by eleven sailor lads, dressed in red and green silk, with bells on their feet. "They danced with much dexterity and grace, to the sound of a guitar, which was played by a 尊敬（する）・点d old sailor." This was followed by another dance per-formed "by eight boys, all dressed like Indians in shirts and breeches of silk, coloured brown, blue, and grey, with garlands on their 長，率いるs and white palms in their 手渡すs. 禁止（する）d of bells

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were around their ankles, and they danced with very 静かな countenances, at the same time singing their canticles to the sound of tambourines and flutes played by two musicians."

Six 治安判事s に先行するd the Celebrant, each with a lighted たいまつ in his 手渡す. The Father Commissary, …に出席するd by the other Priests, officiated; the canopy of yellow silk, six yards long, was borne by three 王室の officers and three 治安判事s; and the "Pange Lingua" was joyfully sung. After the canopy the 王室の 基準 was borne by the Ensign, …に出席するd by two, 司法（官）s of the Peace and the 長，指導者 constable.

As soon as the canopy appeared outside the church "all the bells rang, and the people who were looking on attentively fell on their 膝s; the Ensigns lowered the 旗，新聞一面トップの大見出し／大々的に報道するs three times, the drummers （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域 the 派手に宣伝するs for 戦う／戦い; the 兵士s, who had the cords ready, 解雇する／砲火／射撃d off the muskets and arquebuses; the constables 解雇する／砲火／射撃d off the guns which were on shore for de-fending the port; and in the ships the artillerymen 解雇する／砲火／射撃d off the 砲撃するs and pieces, and those placed in the 開始する，打ち上げる and boats for the occasion. Once more, and once again, they were 発射する／解雇するd. When the smoke （疑いを）晴らすd away, there were seen amongst the green 支店s so many plumes of feathers and sashes, so many pikes, ほこやりs, javelins, 有望な sword-blades, spears, lances, and on the breasts so many crosses and so much gold, and so many colours and silken dresses, that many 注目する，もくろむs could not 含む／封じ込める what sprung from the heart, and they shed 涙／ほころびs of joy. With this the 行列 returned, the church 存在 guarded by four 軍団 de garde. The ダンサーs kept dancing to keep up the festival, and remained within; and the captain at the door said to them: "All the dresses you wear, you can keep as your own, for they are from the 王室の 財務省; I would that they were of the best and richest brocade."

To bring the 儀式s to a の近くに a fourth 集まり was said to 満足させる the devotion of the 歩哨s "who were 地位，任命するd to keep a look-out for any approach of the natives, though they were far off on the beach and on the hills."

The narrative 追加するs that, "having given the soul such 甘い and delicious food," the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs were now laid under the shade of tall and spreading trees, where all were gladdened with a welcome and joyous repast.

Thus were brought to a の近くに the first festive 祝賀s which 示すd the 発見 of our Australian Continent.

THE END

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