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A 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg of Australia eBook
肩書を与える: Western Australia: a history from its 発見 to
the 就任（式）／開始 of the 連邦／共和国
Author: J.S. Battye (1871-1954)
eBook No.: 0500301h.html
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Date first 地位，任命するd: March 2005
Date most recently updated: March 2005
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In 見解（をとる） of the 目だつ part taken by Australia in the 最近の war, and the enthusiasm which the 業績／成就s of the Australian 軍隊s have 誘発するd throughout the Empire, the story of one of the 広大な／多数の／重要な 明言する／公表するs of the Australian 連邦／共和国 may not be without some general 利益／興味.
The work has been the result of over twenty years' 研究, undertaken, in the first instance, in 合同 with the Registrar-General (Mr. M.A.C. Fraser) and his 副 (Mr. W. Siebenhaar) for the 目的 of checking the historical introduction to the Year 調書をとる／予約する of Western Australia. It has since been continued in the hope that it may 証明する a 出資／貢献 of more or いっそう少なく value to the history of 植民地の 開発. In the 起訴 of the work, the とじ込み／提出するs of the Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office, London, were searched, and copies made of all 文書s that could be 設立する which 関係のある to the 設立 and 早期に years of the 植民地. These copies are now in the 所有／入手 of the Public Library of Western Australia, which 含む／封じ込めるs also most of the published 事柄 in the way of 調書をとる／予約するs and 小冊子s 取引，協定ing with the 植民地, 同様に as almost 完全にする とじ込み／提出するs of the 地元の newspapers to date, and the 初めの 記録，記録的な／記録するs of the 植民地の 長官's Office up to 1876. All of these have been at my 処分.
I have had, その上の, the 適切な時期 of 協議するing 公式の／役人 文書s of the 政府, and, by 許可 of the 権利 Honourable the 国務長官 for the 植民地s, 安全な・保証するd through the 親切 of his Excellency Sir F.A. Newdegate, have had 接近 to all 派遣（する）s from the 植民地の Office to the 植民地の 当局 up to the year 1901. So far as possible every 声明 has been 立証するd by 文書の 証拠, and every care 演習d to make the whole work 厳密に 正確な.
In 新規加入 to those について言及するd, I have to 表明する my 義務 to the 長，率いるs of 政府 Departments, more 特に to the Under 長官 for Lands, Mr. C.G. Morris, and the Surveyor-General, Mr. H.S. King; to the Honourable J.W. Kirwan, M.L.C, for （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the 連邦の movement in Western Australia; to Professor Ernest Scott and Dr. R.C. Mills for much helpful 批評; and to 行方不明になる M.E. 支持を得ようと努めるd, of the Public Library of Western Australia, for invaluable 援助 in checking 言及／関連s and in 準備するing the manuscript.
J.S.B.
PERTH.
September 30th, 1921.
CHAPTER 1.
DISCOVERY OF AND EARLY VOYAGES TO AUSTRALIA.
CHAPTER 2.
DISCOVERY OF AND EARLY VOYAGES TO AUSTRALIA (CONTINUED).
CHAPTER 3.
ANNEXATION OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
CHAPTER 4.
1829 TO 1830. COLONISATION AND EARLY SETTLEMENT.
CHAPTER 5.
1831 TO 1838. ADMINISTRATION OF SIR JAMES STIRLING.
CHAPTER 6.
1839 TO 1842. GOVERNOR HUTT'S ADMINISTRATION. LAND REGULATIONS. PROJECTED SETTLEMENT AT AUSTRALIND. ABORIGINES. EXPLORATIONS.
CHAPTER 7.
1843 TO 1849. DEPRESSION. LABOUR PROBLEMS. FINANCIAL CONDITION. QUESTION OF CONVICT LABOUR. ESTABLISHMENT OF PENAL SETTLEMENT.
CHAPTER 8.
1850 TO 1853. TRANSITION PERIOD: FREE COLONY TO PENAL ESTABLISHMENT. GOVERNMENT. LAND LAWS. FINANCIAL CONDITIONS. INDUSTRIES. GENERAL DEVELOPMENT.
CHAPTER 9.
1854 TO 1860. CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. IMPROVEMENT IN LAND REGULATIONS AND CONSEQUENT AGRICULTURAL AND PASTORAL EXPANSION. DEVELOPMENT AND EXTENSION OF THE CONVICT SYSTEM. GROWTH OF THE COLONY DURING THE PERIOD.
CHAPTER 10.
1861 TO 1868. DEPARTURE OF GOVERNOR KENNEDY AND ARRIVAL OF DR. JS. HAMPTON. CONVICT ADMINISTRATION. INCIDENTS OF THE SYSTEM. PROGRESSIVE PUBLIC WORKS POLICY. CESSATION OF TRANSPORTATION. EFFECTS OF THE SYSTEM REVIEWED.
CHAPTER 11.
1861 TO 1868 (CONTINUED). EXPLORATIONS. OPENING UP THE NORTH-WEST. TRADE AND INDUSTRY. NATIVE TROUBLES. AGITATION FOR REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT.
CHAPTER 12.
1869 TO 1875. ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR WELD. CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES. PROGRESSIVE LEGISLATION. LAND LAWS. RAILWAYS AND TELEGRAPHS. GENERAL DEVELOPMENT. EXPLORATION.
CHAPTER 13.
1875 TO 1883. AGITATION FOR ALTERATION OF CONSTITUTION. LEGISLATION. LAND LAWS AND REGULATIONS. IMMIGRATION. RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT. RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES. CONVICT ESTABLISHMENT. EXPLORATIONS. MISCELLANEOUS.
CHAPTER 14.
1883 TO 1890. GOVERNOR BROOME'S ADMINISTRATION. LAND REGULATIONS. TARIFF REVISION. FINANCES. RESOURCES, INDUSTRIES, AND TRADE. PUBLIC WORKS: RAILWAY AND TELEGRAPH EXTENSION.
CHAPTER 15.
1883 TO 1890 (CONTINUED). GOLD DISCOVERIES: KIMBERLEY AND YILGARN GOLDFIELDS. AGITATION FOR AUTONOMY CONTINUED. RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT.
CHAPTER 16.
1891 TO 1900. FIRST TEN YEARS OF RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT. CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL OCCURRENCES. PHENOMENAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE GOLDFIELDS. RESOURCES, INDUSTRIES, AND TRADE. LAND LAWS AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT. GENERAL.
CHAPTER 17.
FEDERAL MOVEMENT IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
1. DISPATCH FROM SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES TO CAPTAIN STIRLING, 30TH DECEMBER, 1828.
2. PROCLAMATION BY CAPTAIN STIRLING, DATED 18TH JUNE, 1829.
3. CONVICT SYSTEM.
4. STATISTICS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, 1829 TO 1900.
5. PROSPECTUS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIAN COMPANY AND DESCRIPTION OF AUSTRALIND.
[MAP OF SOUTH-WEST SHOWING GRANTS OF CAPTAIN STIRLING, THOMAS PEEL AND COLONEL LATOUR.]
PLATE 1. DIRK HARTOG'S PLATE, 1616.
1616. DEN 25 OCTOBER IS HIER AEN GECOMEN HET SCHIP D EENDRAGHT VAN AMSTERDAM DE OPPER KOPMAN GILLES MILBAIS VAN LUCK. SCHIPPER DIRCK HATICHS VAN AMSTERDAM DE 27 DITO TE SEIL GEGHN NA BANTUM DE ONDER COEPMAN JAN STINS DE OPPER STUIERMAN PIETER DOORES VAN BIL ANNO 1616.
Translation of the 初めの inscription: On the 25th of October, 1616, arrived here the ship Eendracht, of Amsterdam: The first merchant, Gilles Milbais 先頭 Luyck: captain, Dirk Hartog, of Amsterdam; the 27th ditto 始める，決める sail for Bantam; under merchant, Jan Stins; upper steersman, Pieter ドッキングする／減らす／ドックに入れるs, of Bil; A.D. 1616.
PLATE 2. VLAMING'S PLATE, 1697.
1697 DEN 4 FEBREUARY IS HIER AEN GEKOMEN HET SCHIP DE GEELVINCK VOOR AMSTERDAM DEN COMANDER ENT SCHIPPER WILLEM DE VLAMINGH VAN VLIELANDT ADSISTENT JOANNES BREMER VAN COPPENHAGEN OPPER STUIERMAN MICHIL BLOEM VAN T STICHT BREMEN DE HOECKER DE NYPTANGH SCHIPPER GERRIT COLAART VAN AMSTERDAM ADSIST' THEO-DORIS HEIRMANS VAN DITO OPPERSTIERMAN GERRIT GERITSEN VAN BREMEN TE GALIOOT HET WEESELTIE GESAGH HEBBER CORNELIS DE VLAMINGH VAN VLIELANDT STUIRMAN COERT GERRITSEN VAN BREMEN EN VAN HIER GEZEYLT MET ONSE VLOT DEN VOORTS HET ZUYDLANDT VERDER TE ONDER SOECREN ENGE DISTINEERT VOOR BATAVIA. 12 (DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY LOGO ?)
Translation of the 初めの inscription: On the 4th of February, 1697, arrived here the ship Geelvinck, of Amsterdam: Captain commandant, Wilhelm 先頭 Vlaming, of Vlielandt; assistant, Jan 先頭 Bremen, of Copenhagen; first 操縦する, Micheel Bloem 先頭 Estight, of Bremen; the hooker Myptangh: Captain, Gerrit Collaert, of Amsterdam; assistant, Theodorus Heermans, of the same place; first 操縦する, Gerrit Gerritz, of Bremen. Sailed from here with our (n)艦隊／(a)素早い on the 12th to 調査する the South Land and afterwards bound for Batavia.
1606:
Duyfken in 湾 of Carpentaria. First authenticated voyage to Australia.
1616:
Dirk Hartog in the Eendracht. First authenticated voyage to Western Australia.
1619:
発見 of Abrolhos Islands by Houtman.
1622:
Voyage of Leeuwin.
難破させる of 裁判，公判.
1627:
Nuytsland discovered.
1628:
発見 of De Witt Land.
Voyage of Pelsart in Batavia.
Pelsart 難破させるd on Abrolhos Islands.
1644:
Voyage of Tasman to North-West and North coasts.
1688:
Dampier in the Cygnet.
1696 to 1697:
発見 of Swan River by Vlaming.
1699:
Dampier's second voyage.
1772:
Voyage of St. Alouarn.
1791:
発見 of King George's Sound by Vancouver.
1792:
Voyage of D'Entrecasteaux.
1801:
Flinders' voyage in the 捜査官／調査官.
Voyage of Geographe and Naturaliste.
1802:
Geographe joined by Casuarina.
1817:
Voyage of Freycinet in Uranie.
1817 to 1822:
中尉／大尉／警部補 King's 調査する voyages on the North-West coast.
1826:
Occupancy of King George's Sound by 罪人／有罪を宣告するs from Sydney under Major Lockyer.
1827:
Examination of Swan River by Captain Stirling in H.M.S. Success.
1828:
企業連合（する） formed in London for colonisation of Swan River.
決定／判定勝ち（する） of British 政府 to 設立する 植民地.
Captain Fremantle in H.M.S. 挑戦者 派遣（する）d to take formal 所有／入手 of Swan River.
Captain Stirling 任命するd 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事.
1829:
February. Parmelia leaves England with 公式の／役人s and first 植民／開拓者s.
May. Formal 所有／入手 taken by Captain Fremantle.
行為／法令／行動する 10 George IV ch.22, authorising 設立 of 法律を制定する 会議.
June. Arrival of Parmelia. 布告／宣言 of 植民地.
August. 創立／基礎 of Perth and Fremantle.
1830:
法律を制定する 会議 構成するd by Order in 会議.
(n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 構成するd by 指示／教授／教育s under 調印する 手動式の.
1831:
中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 Stirling 任命するd 知事.
罪人／有罪を宣告する 解決／入植地 at King George's Sound 孤立した.
農業の Society 設立するd.
First newspaper 問題／発行するd.
1832:
(n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議, 法律を制定する 会議, Civil 法廷，裁判所 設立するd.
Duel between Clarke and Johnstone.
1833:
First 問題／発行する of Perth Gazette--now West Australian.
1834:
First 限定された 嘆願（書） for 罪人／有罪を宣告するs (from Albany).
Native 騒動s--戦う／戦い of Pinjarra.
1837:
Bank of Western Australia 設立するd.
1837 to 1840:
中尉／大尉／警部補 Grey's 探検s.
1838:
End of 知事 Stirling's 行政.
1839:
Arrival of 知事 John Hutt.
1840:
Western Australian Company 構成するd to form 解決／入植地 at Australind.
1841:
Eyre's 陸路の 旅行 to King George's Sound.
Bank of Western Australia amalgamated with Bank of Australasia.
Western Australian Bank 設立するd.
Arrival of first Australind 植民／開拓者s.
1845 to 1848:
探検隊／遠征隊s of A.C., F.T., and C. Gregory.
1846:
退職 of 知事 Hutt.
Arrival of 知事 Clarke.
発見 of coal.
New Norcia 使節団 設立するd.
1847:
Death of 知事 Clarke.
1848:
Arrival of 知事 Fitzgerald.
発見 of lead and 巡査.
1843 to 1849:
嘆願（書） for the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs.
1849:
Western Australia 構成するd a penal 解決／入植地.
1850:
Arrival of first 罪人／有罪を宣告するs.
1851:
開始／学位授与式 of pearling 産業.
1854:
Austin's 探検隊／遠征隊 to the Murchison.
1855:
退職 of 知事 Fitzgerald.
Arrival of 知事 Kennedy.
1856:
A.C. Gregory's 探検隊／遠征隊 from the Northern 領土 to Victoria Plains.
Anglican Bishopric 設立するd.
1857 to 1858:
F.T. Gregory's 調査する of the Murchison and 探検 of Gascoyne.
1861:
F.T. Gregory's 探検隊／遠征隊 to the North.
1861 to 1868:
解決／入植地 of the North-West.
1862:
Dr. Hampton 後継するs Sir Arthur Kennedy as 知事.
1864:
Roebuck Bay Pastoral 協会.
Camden Harbour Pastoral 協会.
1865:
Denison Plains 協会.
1866:
追跡（する）'s 探検隊／遠征隊 to Hampton Plains.
1868:
停止 of transportation.
辞職 of 知事 Hampton.
1869:
Arrival of 知事 Weld.
First telegraph line 築くd.
John Forrest's 探検隊／遠征隊 in search of Leichhardt.
1870:
代表者／国会議員 政府 設立するd.
John Forrest's 陸路の 旅行 to Adelaide.
1871:
Municipalities 行為／法令／行動する passed.
Elementary Education 行為／法令／行動する passed.
First 鉄道 built.
A. Forrest's 旅行 to Esperance.
1872 to 1873:
探検隊／遠征隊s of Giles, Gosse, and Warburton.
1874:
John Forrest's 探検隊／遠征隊 to the north.
出発 of 知事 Weld.
1875:
Giles' 陸路の 探検隊／遠征隊s.
Arrival of 知事 Robinson.
1876:
Escape of Fenian 罪人／有罪を宣告するs.
1877:
Sir Harry Ord 後継するs 知事 Robinson.
1879:
探検 of Kimberley 地区 by A. Forrest.
1880:
Kimberley 地区 opened up.
Sir William Robinson 後継するs 知事 Ord.
1883:
Sir Frederick Broome 後継するs 知事 Robinson.
1885:
連邦の 会議 行為／法令／行動する passed.
1886:
Kimberley Goldfield 布告するd.
1888:
Yilgarn Goldfield 布告するd.
Pilbara Goldfield 布告するd.
1889:
広大な／多数の／重要な Southern 鉄道 opened (built on land-認める system).
1890:
July. 皇室の 行為／法令／行動する conferring Responsible 政府 passed.
October. Sir William Robinson 後継するs 知事 Broome.
Responsible 政府 就任するd.
December. First 省 任命するd, John Forrest 首相.
1891:
Murchison Goldfield 布告するd.
1892:
Coolgardie Goldfield discovered.
Fremantle Harbour 開始するd.
1893:
Hannans (Kalgoorlie) Goldfield discovered.
1894:
Menzies Goldfield discovered.
Midland 鉄道 opened (land-認める 鉄道).
1896:
広大な／多数の／重要な Southern 鉄道 購入（する）d by 政府.
1899:
Goldfields Water 供給（する） 開始するd (完全にするd January 1903).
1900:
July. 連邦の 国民投票 taken.
1901:
連邦／共和国 of Australia 就任するd 1 January.
DISCOVERY OF AND EARLY VOYAGES TO AUSTRALIA.
Although a large 量 of 研究 into the 文書の annals of the world's history has taken place during the past half-century it is still not possible to 割り当てる, with any degree of 正確, a 限定された date to the 発見 of Australia.
From earliest times there have been traditions, probably engendered more by the spirit of prophecy than by fact, of the 存在 of a 広大な／多数の／重要な South Land. Aristotle, Strabo, and others have 表明するd the opinion that there 存在するd south of the 赤道 areas of land at least equal in extent to those above it, and in the Astronomicon of Manilius (1:238 to 239) we find the lines:
"...Austrinis pars est habitabilis oris, Sub pedibusque jacet nostris."
These 声明s, however, were 単に essays into the 地域 of probabilities, and had not any known basis of fact. But to come 負かす／撃墜する to a later period, it is possible to show from 早期に manuscript 地図／計画するs and other sources that this belief in a southern continent was entertained long before the 発見s made during the sixteenth century. The Vicomte de Santarem, in his Essai sur l'histoire de la cosmographie et de la cartographie du moyen age, gives a 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of these 地図／計画するs, upon which are to be 設立する vague 場内取引員／株価s of an 住むd country 述べるd as the "opposite earth," which could not be reached 借りがあるing to the torrid zone; and he points out that "the cartographers of the Middle Ages have submitted that as a reality which, even to the geographers of antiquity, was 単に a theory."* Unfortunately, every 成果／努力 to discover manuscripts that would 耐える out the 主張s of these 地図／計画するs has so far been without success. Marco Polo, in the thirteenth century, as the result of his travels, certainly did 前進する the （人命などを）奪う，主張するs of the Chinese to the 発見 of a 広大な／多数の／重要な South Land, and there is perhaps some justification for the 声明, as we know that for centuries 事前の to the European advent that nation had 設立するd 広範囲にわたる 貿易（する） relations with the islands of the East Indies. That the country について言及するd was Australia is, however, out of the question. Marsden's** explanation is probably the 権利 one--that it 言及するs to a 部分 of Cambodia, the 製品s of which are gold, spices, and elephants.
(*Footnote. Major, R.H, 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis pages 14 to 15.)
(**Footnote. Marco Polo, Travels: translated by Marsden (Bohn's Library) 調書をとる／予約する 3 一時期／支部 8 公式文書，認める.)
From the beginning of the sixteenth century, however, 証拠s of a more 限定された character are 利用できる. By this time the Portuguese and other 航海士s had 設立する a way by sea 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the Cape of Good Hope to the East Indies, and were 開始 up avenues of 貿易（する） in all directions. This meant the continual passage of ships to and fro, and it is not ありそうもない that many ships on their way to Java or other islands of the East （機の）カム within sight of 部分s of the western Australian coast.
A （人命などを）奪う，主張する to the 発見 of Australia has been made on に代わって of Magalhaens or Magellan, a Portuguese,* who sailed from San Lucar in 1519 by order of the Emperor Charles V, on a voyage 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the world which lasted until 1522, and during the course of which Magellan himself was killed. Descriptions of this voyage were published by Maximilianus and by Pigafetta in 1536, and the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 含む／封じ込めるd therein was used by Fernando Vaz Dourado in his atlas made in 1570.** In one of the 地図／計画するs in this atlas there is shown a coastline which is 明言する／公表するd to have been discovered by Magellan in 1520 and which is （人命などを）奪う，主張するd to be that part of Australia. This （人命などを）奪う，主張する has been 診察するd by Major and Dr. John ツバメ, and the result of that examination published by Major.*** Dr. ツバメ （機の）カム to the 結論 that the coastline was not part of Australia, but was really part of New Guinea. He was 強化するd in this belief by an old 地図／計画する of Mercator, upon which he 設立する some 指名するs upon the coast of New Guinea 類似の to those upon Dourado's 地図／計画する. In Major's opinion the tract laid 負かす／撃墜する as discovered by Magellan "is, in fact, a memorandum or cartographical 味方する-公式文書，認める of the 発見 by Magellan of Tierra del Fuego and, from its 可決する・採択するd 誤った position on the vellum it was subsequently 適用するd to New Guinea by Mercator."**** He 収容する／認めるs that this surmise may かもしれない be incorrect, but considers that the only 代案／選択肢 is that the tract laid 負かす／撃墜する is New Guinea and is 明確に not Australia.
(*Footnote. Ayala, A. compendio geographico estadistico de Portugal, Madrid 1855 page 482. 引用するd by Major 早期に Voyages page 21. See also ibid page 22 to
(**Footnote. Major, R.H. 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis page 21.)
(***Footnote. Ibid pages 22 et seq.)
(****Footnote. Ibid page 26.)
その上の support to the Portuguese （人命などを）奪う，主張する, though not to Magellan, was given by M. Barbie du Bocage in a paper read before the French 学校／設ける in 1807 関心ing an atlas drawn at Dieppe in 1547 by Nicholas Vallard, an 抽出する from which paper is given by Major.* Having compared this atlas with other 同時代の atlases, Barbie du Bocage （機の）カム to the 結論 that all must have been copies from 初めの Portuguese 地図／計画するs, and その結果 that the 発見 of the continent of New Holland belonged to the Portuguese. When, at a later date, Major considered the question of the 発見 of Australia, six 地図／計画するs 耐えるing upon the 事柄 were known. Of these, four were in England and two in フラン.** Upon these there is shown a large coastline to the south and south-east of Java, separated from that island by a 狭くする 海峡, and to which the 指名する Java la Grande is 適用するd. A 部分 of this coastline 耐えるs a 際立った resemblance to the north-west coast of Western Australia. This forms presumptive 証拠, as the 地図／計画するs are all sixteenth-century 地図／計画するs, that 航海士s of some 国籍 had come within sight of the 本土／大陸 of Australia during the first half of the sixteenth century.
(*Footnote. Ibid pages 35 to 45.)
(**Footnote. Ibid pages 26 et seq.)
In many 尊敬（する）・点s the 地図／計画するs are 類似の, and give 証拠 of having been derived from the same source. From the fact that although admittedly French they 含む／封じ込めるd 指名するs that looked like gallicized Portuguese, Major argued,* に引き続いて Barbie du Bocage, that in all probability the 初めの 発見 was Portuguese because the Portuguese predominated at that time in those seas, and also because the French were not likely to have given Portuguese 指名するs to 領土s which they had themselves discovered. These considerations led him to "regard it as 高度に probable that Australia was discovered by the Portuguese between the years 1511 and 1529, and almost to a demonstrable certainty that it was discovered by the Portuguese before the year 1542."**
(*Footnote. Major, その上の facts relating to the 早期に 発見 of Australia page 6. Archaeologia 容積／容量 44.)
(**Footnote. Major, 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis page 44.)
A seventh 地図／計画する, by Pierre Desceliers of Arques, 時代遅れの 1550, which （機の）カム into the 所有／入手 of the British Museum in 1861, appeared to 耐える out this 論争.* Upon this 地図／計画する there is shown an island, 占領するing the position of the Abrolhos Group off the west coast of Australia. Mr. Delmar Morgan, in a paper on the 発見 of Australia read at the Berne 議会 of Geographical Sciences in 1891 and reprinted in the 訴訟／進行s of the New South むちの跡s 支店 of the 王室の Geographical Society of Australasia for 1892, referring more 特に to these islands, 明言する／公表するd:
"The Portuguese 航海士, Menezes, is 一般的に 報告（する）／憶測d to have visited this part of the Australian coast in 1527, but it is most ありそうもない that he ever did so. Some 当局 go so far as to 宣言する that he 現実に charted these islands and 暗礁s. They were charted, however, if not before, soon after his voyage, as they are 示すd on all these old Australian charts, although the word Abrolhos appears on Pierre Descelier's chart alone (1550). When the Dutch undertook their voyage to the East Indies by way of the Cape of Good Hope, in 1595, Frederick Houtman, although 単に 商業の 長，指導者 of the 探検隊／遠征隊, assumed the 肩書を与える of Captain-General, and history 誤って conferred on him the glory of having 行為／行うd the first Dutch 探検隊／遠征隊 to the East Indies. In the same way his 指名する was prefixed undeservedly to the Portuguese 発見 on the western coast of Australia, but at what period it would be difficult to 決定する."
(*Footnote. Major, その上の Facts in the History of the 発見 of Australia page 3.)
There are two points about this 声明 which detract from its value as 証拠 of the Portuguese 発見. Menezes, during his voyage in the year 1526 or 1527, from Malacca to the Spice Islands, was carried by 現在のs to the coast which has since been recognised as the north coast of New Guinea,* but there is no allusion in any 言及／関連 which we 所有する regarding this voyage to a 発見 of a 広大な／多数の／重要な southern land. Secondly, the 指名する 示すd against these islands on Descelier's 地図／計画する is Arenes and not Abrolhos. Collingridge** 試みる／企てるs to 設立する Arenes as a 汚職 of Abrolhos, which is a Portuguese 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 for rocky 発射／推定s arising from the sea. This suggestion, which is scouted by Heeres,*** can scarcely be regarded 本気で. It certainly does not in any way 追加する to the 長所 of the Portuguese （人命などを）奪う，主張する.
(*Footnote. Major. 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis page 44.)
(**Footnote. Collingridge 発見 of Australia page 192.)
(***Footnote. Abel Janszoon Tasman's 定期刊行物 by J.E. Heeres Amsterdam 1898. Life and 労働s of Tasman page 97 公式文書，認める 1.)
The 結論 reached by Major was 受託するd by geographers and, as he says, "passed into history."* It was upset by Major himself in 1873 after an examination of an engraved 地図／計画する of the world by Orontius Finaeus, 時代遅れの 1531, which had recently come into the 所有／入手 of the British Museum. In the light of this new 発見 he reexamined the 指名するs on the six 地図／計画するs referred to and decided that they were in Provencal French and not in gallicized Portuguese. This led him to "the 必然的な 結論 that Australia was discovered by Frenchmen, and 主として by the men of Provence, in or before the year 1531."**
(***Footnote. Major. 補足の Facts in the History of the 発見 of Australia page 15. Archaeologia 容積／容量 44.)
(****Footnote. Major. その上の Facts relating to the 早期に 発見 of Australia page 8. Archaeologia 容積／容量 44.)
On the whole, whilst the 証拠 points に向かって the 受託 of Major's 結論 that the French were the first discoverers, it is not 十分に strong to enable it to be laid 負かす／撃墜する as a fact. It does, however, seem to 設立する the point that something was known of the Australian coastline 事前の to what is regarded as the first authenticated 発見, which was made by the Duyfken in 1606. This 論争 is 強化するd by the 声明 to be 設立する in Cornelis Wytfliet's Descriptionis Ptolemaicae Augmentum, published in 1598:
"The Australis Terra is the most modern of all lands, and is separated from New Guinea by a 狭くする 海峡. Its shores are hitherto but little known, since after one voyage and another that 大勝する has been 砂漠d, and seldom is the country visited except when sailors are driven there by 嵐／襲撃するs. The Australis Terra begins at 2 or 3 degrees from the 赤道, and is 持続するd by some to be of so 広大な／多数の／重要な an extent that if it were 完全に 調査するd it would be regarded as a fifth part of the world."
The 残りの人，物 of the sixteenth century was 許すd to pass without any 限定された step 存在 taken to 増加する the knowledge of the new country. That there were 勇敢な spirits imbued with the かわき for 発見, who sought fame rather than the mere accumulation of wealth, is not to be 疑問d, but there is no 記録，記録的な／記録する that Australia ever （人命などを）奪う，主張するd their attention. The 広大な／多数の／重要な 大多数 of the adventurers, of whatever 国籍, 設立する more than 十分な 占領／職業 in 偉業／利用するing the treasures of the Indies, and preferred rather to gather in the riches that were 確かな than 請け負う the search for those which were vague and chimerical. Those who were not content with the 穏やかな excitement of profitable 貿易（する） 設立する ample 出口 for their buccaneering 傾向s in 略奪するing one another.
Still, the spirit of 発見 was not dead. The seventeenth century had scarcely opened when the tail was once more taken up, and resulted in the 発見 of Cape York 半島 by the Dutch 大型船 Duyfken about March 1606, followed by the 発見 of Torres 海峡s and a 部分 of the 本土／大陸 by Torres in a Spanish 大型船, the Almirante, about August of the same year.* From this time we may 安全に say that the 存在 of a southern continent was definitely known, although its coastline was still 不明確な／無期限の and unexplored.
(*Footnote. Major. 早期に voyages to Terra Australis pages 74 to 75 and 80.)
Western Australia was, and indeed from its geographical position must have been, the first part of the continent to become 現実に known, lying as it does just off what was then the main 貿易（する） 大勝する to the East. No better 証拠 can be 設立する of this 声明 than a 熟考する／考慮する of the 地図／計画する showing the 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるing 勝利，勝つd. We notice that south of the Tropic of Capricorn the general direction of the 勝利，勝つd is from the west, while just above the tropic we 会合，会う the south-east 貿易（する）s and monsoonal 騒動s. 水夫s but doubtfully 熟知させるd with the seas in which they were sailing would have a 傾向, after 一連の会議、交渉／完成するing the Cape of Good Hope, to go east as far as possible before 耐えるing northward to Java and Timor, thus hoping to 安全な・保証する the 利益 of the 勝利，勝つd in both directions and to 避ける, if they could, the area of 騒動. This would 適用する 特に to the Dutch, whose （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） of the 大勝する was first 伸び（る）d by the 熟考する／考慮する of 航海 and not by its actual practice; and it explains in 広大な／多数の／重要な 手段 the frequency of Dutch 指名するs on the west coast of Australia. It is more than probable that the first knowledge of the new continent many of them had was when they felt it under their keels.
It is curious to 公式文書，認める how 広大な／多数の／重要な a part the struggle for the 支配（する）／統制する of the East Indian 貿易（する） played in the 漸進的な 決意 of the coastline of the continent. Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, and French in turn endeavoured to come from the 商業 and 資源s of those 地域s of marvellous wealth, and from the possible 発見 of the Abrolhos by Menezes in 1527 we have the same 行列 of 国籍s in the 進歩 of Australian 発見.
早期に in the seventeenth century we find important changes taking place in the political 条件s of Europe. The 広大な／多数の／重要な 海軍の strength of Spain, and the mighty 影響（力） consequent upon it, had made her, in the sixteenth century, the 支配的な 力／強力にする in the Low Countries, and a successful 競争相手 of Portugal in the 貿易（する） of the world. With the new 時代, however, the glory of Spain was 速く to 病弱な, and the nation so long trodden under the Spanish heel was not only to become 解放する／自由な but to challenge both her 海軍の and 商業の 最高位.
The long-striven-for and hardly-won independence of the Netherlands had roused all the strength and energy of the people, and the dogged 決意 that had ended Spanish 圧迫 設立する continued 適切な時期 in the 願望（する） to 解除する Holland to a proud position の中で the nations. The northern 州s were 解放する／自由な, but Spain had for the time 回復するd 支配（する）／統制する of the southern, and had made her implacable 憎悪 felt by repeated 行為／法令／行動するs of cruelty, from which many of the inhabitants sought 救済 in flight. の中で these were a number of Antwerp merchants who had for many years been 間接に connected with the 貿易（する） to the Indies. The 対立 of these men was 強化するd by two of the most potent of human passions--the bitter 憎悪 of 追放するs and the fanatic attachment to 宗教的な 約束. They saw that Spain could best be 手足を不自由にする／（物事を）損なうd by curtailing her overseas 貿易（する） or by 奪うing her of it altogether, and that in the result the southern 州s might be 解放する／自由なd and the Protestant 約束 強化するd.
This, at first the idea of a few, 伸び（る）d general support when the Spaniards forbade Dutch traffic with Spain, which even during the wars had never altogether 中止するd. 地理学, hydrography, and 航海 became 支配するs of earnest 熟考する／考慮する, and schools were formed with the 表明する 目的 of endeavouring to find a way to India and other Spanish 所有／入手s. The 結果 of this movement was the 創立／基礎 in 1602 of the Dutch East India Company, under whose 旗 many important voyages and 発見s were to be made.*
(*Footnote. Major. 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis pages 76 to 78.)
Of the Dutch voyages 事前の to this time no 確かな （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） is 利用できる. The English 外交官／大使 at the Hague in the time of Charles II, Sir William 寺,* gave it as his opinion that "a southern continent has long since been 設立する out," which he said was "as long as Java and is 示すd on the 地図／計画するs by the 指名する of New Holland, but to what extent the land 延長するs, either to the south, the east, or the west, we do not know." To the same 当局 we are indebted for the 宣言 that the Dutch East India Company "have long since forbidden, and under the greatest 刑罰，罰則s, any その上の 試みる／企てるs at discovering that continent, having already more 貿易（する） than they can turn to account, and 恐れるing some more populous nation of Europe might make 広大な／多数の／重要な 設立s of 貿易（する） in some of these unknown 地域s, which might 廃虚 or impair what they have already in the Indies."** This 声明 has been vigorously 否定するd by the Dutch, but the fact remains that of the voyages made by the Company little was known until the 出版（物） of the 指示／教授／教育s 問題／発行するd by the 知事-General at Batavia to Tasman, on his second voyage in 1644. This curious 文書 was 設立する by Sir Joseph Banks in 1770 when turning over the old 古記録s at Batavia, and was published by Sir Alexander Dalrymple in his Collections 関心ing Papua. From it we learn that in 1606 the Duyfken made the first AUTHENTICATED 発見 of that 広大な／多数の／重要な land*** which at the instance of the famous 航海士, Matthew Flinders, is now 指定するd Australia. The Captain of this 大型船, Willem Jansz, 用意が出来ている a careful chart of the voyage, showing that he sailed along the coast of New Guinea, then went southward along the coast of Cape York 半島 to Cape Keer-Weer (Turn again) but was 妨げるd from 上陸 even for water 借りがあるing to the cruel and 背信の nature of the savages, who 殺人d some of the 乗組員. The results of Torres' voyage not 存在 known at the time, the captain considered that the whole coast 横断するd was a 部分 of New Guinea.
(*Footnote. 寺, Sir W. 作品, London 1720 容積／容量 1 page 163.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 page 163.)
(***Footnote. Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia page 3.)
The second voyage, によれば the 調書をとる／予約する of 派遣（する）s, was that made in a ヨット from Batavia by order of the 会計の d'Edel in 1617. Of this, however, nothing 確かな is known, as the 定期刊行物s and 発言／述べるs could not be 設立する.*
(*Footnote. In the 部分 relating more 特に to the Dutch voyages, the author is 主として indebted to the に引き続いて 当局: a. Major, R.H. 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis. b. Heeres, J.E. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia, 1606 to 1675, London 1899. c. Historical introduction to the 公式の／役人 Year 調書をとる／予約する of Western Australia, 1902 to 1904. The last 指名するd was submitted to Dr. W.G.S. Byvanck, the 長，指導者 Librarian of the 王室の Library at the Hague, who made さまざまな 是正s which have been 会社にする／組み込むd in the text. Dr. Byvanck's 初めの letter is とじ込み／提出するd in the Registrar-General's Department of Western Australia. 530/97.)
No その上の 試みる／企てるs at 発見 were made from Batavia until 1623, but in the 合間 outward-bound ships touched at さまざまな 部分s of the coast in 1616, 1618, 1619, and 1622. Of these voyages but little （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） is now 利用できる. The most important of them all, from a romantic 同様に as from an historic point of 見解（をとる）, is that of Dirk Hartog in 1616, 命令（する）ing the ship Eendracht, of some 360 トンs 重荷（を負わせる）. Having entered the roads 主要な into Shark Bay (so 指名するd at a later period by Dampier) this 航海士 discovered and 指名するd Dirk Hartog Island. The large island at the 入り口 to the bay then, or subsequently, 指名するd Dorre Island was also discovered by him, 同様に as the 部分 of the 本土／大陸 opposite which, if not then 指名するd, was certainly known as Eendrachts-Land as soon afterwards as 1618.* On the north end of the island 耐えるing his 指名する Hartog left a tin plate as 証言，証人／目撃する to his visit. This was nailed to a 地位，任命する and remained in position for nearly a century before 存在 again seen by the 注目する，もくろむ of civilised man. It bore the に引き続いて inscription:
"On the 25th of October, 1616, arrived here the ship Eendracht, of Amsterdam: The first merchant, Gilles Milbais 先頭 Luyck: captain, Dirk Hartog, of Amsterdam; the 27th ditto 始める，決める sail for Bantam; under merchant, Jan Stins; upper steersman, Pieter ドッキングする／減らす／ドックに入れるs, of Bil; A.D. 1616."
(*Footnote. Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia page 8. Some 疑問 as to the authenticity of Dirk Hartog's voyage, based 主として upon 研究s by Mr. George Collingridge, has been raised by the Reverend J. Bryant in the Scottish Geographical Magazine for March 1917 容積／容量 33 pages 120 to 121. Mr. Collingridge's argument, however, scarcely seems to 戦闘 the 証拠 of Heeres (Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia) or the fact that Eendrachtsland is 示すd on the chart of Gerritz made in 1627.)
To continue the history of this plate, it may be said that when 先頭 Vlaming, captain of the Geelvinck (of whose voyage it will be necessary to speak later) visited the island in 1697--the first visit, so far as we know, after the erection of the plate--he took the 初めの plate away to Batavia, 取って代わるing it by a new one, on which the old inscription was copied and the に引き続いて new one 追加するd:
"On the 4th of February, 1697, arrived here the ship Geelvinck, of Amsterdam: Captain commandant, Wilhelm 先頭 Vlaming, of Vlielandt; assistant, Jan 先頭 Bremen, of Copenhagen; first 操縦する, Micheel Bloem 先頭 Estight, of Bremen; the hooker Myptangh: Captain, Gerrit Collaert, of Amsterdam; assistant, Theodorus Heermans, of the same place; first 操縦する, Gerrit Gerritz, of Bremen. Sailed from here with our (n)艦隊／(a)素早い on the 12th to 調査する the South Land and afterwards bound for Batavia."
(The above are translations of the 初めの inscriptions. See Plates 1 and 2.)
Still another century later, in 1801, during the French voyage of 発見 made by Baudin in the Geographe and Naturaliste, 先頭 Vlaming's plate was seen. The two 大型船s became separated, and Captain Hamelin, of the Naturaliste, sent three men の上に Dirk Hartog island for the 目的 of signalling the other ship. The boatswain on his return from the island brought 支援する the tin plate, which he had 設立する on the north point half buried in the sand and の近くに to an oaken 地位，任命する to which 初めは it seemed to have been 大（公）使館員d. Hamelin copied the inscription and then 取って代わるd it in position on a new 地位，任命する. He also placed on the north-east of the island a new plate giving the 指名する of his ship and the date of arrival.* The old plate remained for a while longer, but was not to be 設立する when King** made a careful search for it in 1822. It afterwards transpired that Freycinet had 除去するd it in 1818 and had deposited it for 保管 in the museum of the French 学校／設ける at Paris. This fact is 記録，記録的な／記録するd in the minutes of the 学校／設ける for 1821, but 明らかに the plate has been lost, as every 成果／努力 since made to discover it has been futile.*** The same 運命／宿命 was believed to have befallen the 初めの plate of Dirk Hartog, which had been carried to Batavia. Fortunately, however, it was 設立する in 1902 in the 明言する／公表する Museum at Amsterdam by Mr. F.F.L. de Balbian.****
(*Footnote. Peron. Voyage de decouvertes aux Terres Australes 1801 a 1804; Historique 容積／容量 1 pages 194 a 195.)
(**Footnote. King, P.P. Narrative of a 調査する of the の間の-熱帯の and Western Coasts of Australia 1818 to 1822 容積／容量 2 page 180.)
(***Footnote. See letter from Dr. A. Grandidier, 長官 of the 学校／設ける (とじ込み／提出するd in Registrar-General's Office, Western Australia.)
(****Footnote. Western Australia Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 4.)
逆戻りするing now to the historical narrative, it would appear that in July 1618 the outward-bound ship Mauritius* made some 発見s on the west coast, more 特に of "Willem's River" (probably the Ashburton) 近づく the North-West Cape. As the 定期刊行物s and 発言／述べるs were lost, no その上の particulars of this voyage are 利用できる.
(*Footnote. Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia pages x, 12 to 13.)
In the に引き続いて year, 1619, a (n)艦隊／(a)素早い of eleven 大型船s under the 命令（する） of Frederick Houtman, in the Dordrecht, （人命などを）奪う，主張するs to have discovered a 一連の 暗礁s lying off the west coast, to which the 指名する Frederick Houtman's Abrolhos* was given. These consist of a cluster of rocky islets with surrounding 暗礁s, and are 据えるd west and north-west of 支持する／優勝者 Bay. It is very doubtful whether this was really the first 発見 of these islands.** It will be remembered that on at least one 地図／計画する of the sixteenth century they are ばく然と defined, and the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 Arenes given them. Major*** is of opinion that there is no 証拠 that Houtman ever visited the group at all, but that the islands were 指名するd after him, in 1619, by Jacob d'Edel, to whom their 発見 was really 予定. This 見解（をとる）, however, must give way before the 研究s of Professor Heeres,**** who prints two letters from Houtman, both 時代遅れの Jacatra, 7 October 1619, the one to Prince Maurice and the other to the 経営者／支配人s of the East India Company. In these he 述べるs his visit to the islands. "On the 29th" (July) he 令状s, "みなすing ourselves to be in open sea, we 形態／調整d our course north-by-east. At noon we were in 29 degrees 32 minutes southern latitude; at night, about three hours before daybreak, we again 突然に （機の）カム upon a low-lying coast, a level country with 暗礁s all 一連の会議、交渉／完成する it. We saw no highland or 本土／大陸, so that this shoal is to be carefully 避けるd as very dangerous to ships that wish to touch at this coast. It is fully ten miles in length, lying in 28 degrees 46 minutes."
(*Footnote. The 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 Abrolhos is a 収縮過程 of the Portuguese abri vossos olhos (keep your 注目する，もくろむs open) a most necessary 警戒, and a 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 適用するd by them to 辺ぴな 沿岸の dangers.)
(**Footnote. See supra.)
(***Footnote. Major. 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis page 86.)
(****Footnote. Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia pages 14 to 16.)
The supercargo of the Amsterdam, one of Houtman's (n)艦隊／(a)素早い, was Jacob d'Edel, or Dedel, after whom the 部分 of the coast between Shark Bay and 支持する／優勝者 Bay, then discovered, was 指名するd Edel Land. The letter 今後d by this supercargo from Jacatra to the 経営者／支配人s of the East India Company, 耐えるing the same date as Houtman's, has perhaps a peculiar 利益／興味 for Western Australia, as it 含む／封じ込めるs the suggestion, certainly the first, that the new land from its general 外見 might 証明する to be gold-耐えるing. In it, の間の alia, d'Edel 令状s, after 述べるing his 会合 with Houtman at the Cape and their 旅行 together till they "（機の）カム upon the south lands 据えるd behind Java":
"We 錨，総合司会者d in 14 fathom in 32 1/2 degrees latitude, the 底（に届く） 存在 level and hard; in 十分な sight of the land the sea was 100 fathom 深い. We used our best endeavours to make a 上陸, which, however, could not conveniently be done 借りがあるing to the 法外な coast...We then made all sail, and the 勝利，勝つd coming 一連の会議、交渉／完成する a little we stood out to sea, not みなすing it advisable to continue longer inshore in this bad 天候 with such large 激しい ships and such 高くつく／犠牲の大きい 貨物s as we had ゆだねるd to our care, and with 広大な／多数の／重要な 危険，危なくする to lose more precious time; but 存在 contented with having seen the land, which at a more favourable time may be その上の 調査するd with more fitting 大型船s and smaller （手先の）技術. We have seen no 調印する of inhabitants, nor did we always keep 近づく the coast, since it formed large bays which would have taken up much time. Still, we kept seeing the coast from time to time until 27 degrees we （機の）カム upon the land discovered by the ship Eendracht, which land in the said latitude showed as a red, muddy coast, WHICH, ACCORDING TO THE SURMISES OF SOME OF US, MIGHT NOT UNLIKELY PROVE TO BE GOLD-BEARING, A POINT WHICH MAY BE CLEARED UP IN TIME."*
(*Footnote. Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia page 16.)
The next voyage of 利益／興味 was that of the Leeuwin in 1622. This 大型船 一連の会議、交渉／完成するd the cape since known as Cape Leeuwin at the south-west corner of the continent, and continued along the coast as far east as King George's Sound. The 指名する Leeuwin's Land was 適用するd to the 部分 then 診察するd, and on Gerritz' 地図／計画する it is said to consist of "dunes with trees and underwood at the 最高の，を越す" and "lowland seemingly 潜水するd by the tide."*
(*Footnote. Ibid page 17.)
On 5 July of the same year there arrived at Batavia a boat 含む／封じ込めるing ten men, who formed part of the 乗組員 of an English ship, the 裁判，公判; this was followed some few days later by the pinnace of the same ship with thirty-six men on board. The men 明言する／公表するd that they had lost and abandoned their ship with ninety-seven men and the 貨物 on some 激しく揺するs in 20 degrees 10 minutes southern latitude and in the longitude of the western extremity of Java, that the ship ran on the 激しく揺するs at night time in 罰金 天候, and that they had met with the 事故 through に引き続いて the course of Dutch ships.* It is probable that while 権利 as to latitude the sailors were かなり at fault in their longitude, as the 激しく揺するs have since been identified as the south-west 部分 of Monte Bello 暗礁, which runs north and south to the north of Barrow Island. A Dutch ヨット, the Hasewint, was 教えるd to search for the place, but for some 推論する／理由 it never made a start. The 指示／教授／教育s given to the 指揮官 of the ヨット are of a most 利益／興味ing nature, and had the voyage been carried out in 一致 with them, the history of Australia, or at least the western part of it, might have been 完全に different. The captain received orders to give 指名するs fitting and worthy from a Dutch point of 見解（をとる） to the places he should visit, and to take 所有／入手 of them in the 指名する of the 部隊d 州s. That of course, had it been done, would have meant 併合 by the Dutch of 事実上 the whole of Western Australia, as the orders embraced the whole coastline south if necessary to 50 degrees southern latitude, and eastward as far as possible if the coast turned in that direction. From the 見地 of 未来 British 解決／入植地 it is perhaps fortunate that the voyage never took place. Apart from that 段階 of the question, however, the voyage would have been 生産力のある of 広大な／多数の／重要な results, and a more or いっそう少なく 限定された knowledge of the 可能性s of Western Australia would have been known to the world nearly two centuries earlier. The thoroug hness with which the voyage was conceived and the advantages hoped to be 伸び（る）d may be gathered from the に引き続いて 抽出する from the 指示／教授／教育s:**
"The main 反対する for which you are 派遣（する）d on this occasion is that from 45 or 50 degrees, or from the furthest point to which the land shall be 設立する to 延長する southward within these latitudes, up to the northern-most extremity of the South Land, you will have to discover and 調査する all capes, forelands, bights, lands, islands, 激しく揺するs, 暗礁s, sandbanks, depths, shallows, roads, 勝利，勝つd, 現在のs, and all that appertains to the same, so as to be able to 地図／計画する out and duly 示す everything in its true latitude, bearings, and conformation. You will, moreover, go 岸に in さまざまな places and diligently 診察する the coast ーするために ascertain whether or not it is 住むd, the nature of the land and the people, their towns and 住むd villages, the 分割s of their kingdoms, their 宗教 and 政策, their wars, their rivers, the 形態／調整 of their 大型船s, their 漁業s, 商品／必需品s, and 製造（する）s, but 特に to 知らせる yourselves what minerals such as gold, silver, tin, lead, and 巡査, what precious 石／投石するs, pearls, vegetables, animals, and fruits these lands 産する／生じる and produce."
(*Footnote. Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia page 18.)
(**Footnote. Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia page 19.)
さらに先に on they were directed to 問い合わせ as carefully as possible into the question of whether the land would 産する／生じる gold, as had 以前 been 示唆するd, and also to endeavour to procure and bring 支援する to Batavia some of the natives.*
(*Footnote. Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia page 21.)
The 探検隊／遠征隊 failed to 始める，決める out 借りがあるing, it is said, to unforeseen 原因（となる）s,* but the 存在 of the 指示／教授／教育s is 特に 価値のある, giving as they do a 完全にする and 包括的な 声明 of the Dutch 植民地の 政策 of the time. The 主要な／長／主犯 end in 見解（をとる） may have been, as was 明言する／公表するd, that of 発見, but there is ample 証拠 that 商業の 利益／興味s were not lost sight of, nor were possible political results altogether overlooked.
(*Footnote. Ibid page 21 公式文書，認める 1.)
The next について言及する we have of the new land was that made by the captain of the Wapen 先頭 Hoorn in the same year, 1622. This 大型船 had left Texel for the east in the previous December, and on arrival at her 目的地 報告（する）／憶測d having been "in extreme 危険，危なくする 近づく Eendracht Land."*
(*Footnote. Ibid page 15.)
The knowledge of the west coast was 延長するd during 1623 by the Leyden and the Tortelduyff, both of which 報告（する）／憶測d having sighted the South Land. In the same year Arnhem Land, 含むing the 現在の Northern 領土 of the 連邦／共和国, was discovered by Jan Carstensz. During an 試みる／企てる at 探検 some members of the party were killed, and the 探検隊／遠征隊 returned with the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that "in this 発見 were 設立する everywhere shallow water and barren coasts; islands altogether thinly 居住させるd by divers cruel, poor, and 残虐な natives, and of very little use to the Company."*
(*Footnote. Major. 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis page 45.)
Nothing その上の is known until 1627, when the Gulden Zeepaard, under the 命令（する） of Francois Thyssen, sighted the south coast just beyond Cape Leeuwin and made an exhaustive examination of the coastline for about one thousand miles eastward, giving to the part 調査するd the 指名する of Nuyts Land,* in honour of the 長，指導者 乗客, Pieter Nuyts, who was afterwards 外交官／大使 to Japan and subsequently 知事 of Formosa. In Nuyts Land was embraced all that 領土 lying at the 長，率いる of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Australian Bight.
(*Footnote. Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia page 51.)
In the second half of the same year, on 22 July 1627, the 知事-General of the Dutch Indies sailed from （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する Bay with the ships Galias, Utrecht, and Texel. All went 井戸／弁護士席 up to 10 August, when the rudder of the Galias broke, and the ship becoming unmanageable, the other 大型船s passed out of sight. 修理s 存在 影響d, the next day she proceeded on her course alone, and on 5 September （機の）カム suddenly upon the Land of Eendracht, which by the reckoning of the chart should have been nearly 350 miles さらに先に east. The 知事's experience on this voyage and his nearness to shipwreck led him to request the Company to give particular attention to 訂正するing the miscalculations in the chart--a work that seems to have been very 緊急に 要求するd. 正確 of 観察 and charting was therefore enjoined upon 後継するing captains, with a result 有益な alike to 航海 and 地理学.* に向かって the end of 1627 the Wapen 先頭 Hoorn, which had been in 危険，危なくする 近づく the coast of Eendracht Land in 1622, again sighted the same 部分 of the coast, although, によれば the chart, the land should have been in やめる a different direction. This fact led to 観察s 存在 taken which helped to make the chart more 訂正する.**
(*Footnote. Ibid page 52.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 53.)
早期に in the に引き続いて year Captain de Witt in the Vianen, homeward bound, touched the shore on the north-west coast in the neighbourhood of the 現在の town of Roebourne, and after making a cursory examination for some fifty miles gave it the 指名する of De Witt Land.*
(*Footnote. Ibid pages xi, 54.)
The same year, 1628, was also to 証言，証人／目撃する the 開始／学位授与式 of one of the most important and exciting voyages made to the new land. On the whole, the history of 早期に Australian 発見 is a 静める and 静かな story, without trace of adventure, 記録，記録的な／記録するing nothing of an eventful nature beyond the sighting and superficial examination of stretches of 孤立するd and uninteresting coast. But there are some exceptions, and perhaps the greatest of these is the 悲劇の voyage of the Batavia, whose 乗客s and 乗組員 formed the first white 植民／開拓者s on Australian 国／地域, albeit involuntarily, and for many of them with 悲惨な results.
The relation of this voyage, probably 収集するd from Pelsart's 定期刊行物, was first published in Dutch at Amsterdam in 1647, and was 繰り返して republished during the 後継するing few years. It was used by Thevenot in 1663 in 収集するing a French 見解／翻訳／版 for his Receuil de divers voyages curieux, and all English accounts were 単に abridgements of this until 1897, when Mr. W. Siebenhaar, of Perth, undertook a 完全にする translation of the Dutch account. The description of the voyage is taken from that 文書.* Pelsart's 定期刊行物 was recently published by Professor Heeres, but the fact and particulars of the shipwreck were omitted as 存在 already 十分に known.
(*Footnote. This was printed in the Western Mail (Perth) Christmas Number 1897.)
In 1628 General Pieter Carpentier returned 安全に from the East Indies with five richly-laden merchant ships, and this, 連合させるd with the fact that the 政府 had recently 後継するd in 解放（する）ing three ships from an 出入港禁止 laid upon them by the English a year 以前, led the 当局 to 決定する to send another (n)艦隊／(a)素早い of eleven ships to the East, with which General Jacob Specks was to sail. Two ships and a ヨット 存在 soon ready to sail, the 上院 sent them to Texel so as to lose no time. These 大型船s were the Batavia (under Francois Pelsart) the Dordrecht (under Isaac 先頭 Swaenswyck) and the Assendelft (under Cornelis Vlack). They left Texel for their 目的地 on 28 October 1628. With the 詳細（に述べる）s of the first part of the voyage we need not 関心 ourselves. Nothing out of the ordinary happened except that the ships became separated, which was so usual an occurrence as to 原因（となる） little excitement. The Batavia continued her course alone, and on Whit-Monday, 4 June 1629, reached southern latitude 28 degrees 28 1/3 minutes, about nine miles from the 本土／大陸. Here the ship was amongst the perilous banks of the Abrolhos, and の直前に sunrise she struck the 暗礁. The usual 裁判，公判s and tribulations attendant upon shipwrecks occurred, 強めるd by the drunkenness and lawlessness of the 兵士s and sailors, but 結局 the whole company was landed on two small islands 据えるd about three leagues from the ship. After かなりの difficulty, 準備／条項s and 商品／売買する, 含むing treasure, were landed, but it was impossible to 安全な・保証する 十分な water. The forty people on the smaller island had only eighty cans, and the 180 難民s on the larger had even いっそう少なく, so that from the beginning the scarcity of water had to be 直面するd. On this account a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of 不満 arose, 特に as there was no water to be 設立する on the islands, and very little hope of 安全な・保証するing any until rain （機の）カム, or unless the ship went to pieces and some of the バーレル／樽s were to float to the islands. Some of the 乗組員 願望（する）d to take the boat and search the other islands and the 本土／大陸, but Pelsart was not at first favourable to this idea, feeling that he was 責任がある the safety of both the people and the 商品／売買する. 最終的に after much 圧力 he 産する／生じるd, and it was decided that they should try the 本土／大陸 for water, and if they 設立する 非，不，無 to continue the voyage to Batavia to 捜し出す 援助 for those left on the islands.
Before carrying this 決意／決議 into 影響, the commodore (Pelsart) wished to sail across to the other island to 熟知させる the people there was the 決定／判定勝ち（する） arrived at. The 乗組員 at first 反対するd to this, but at length were induced to start. When 近づくing the other shore, however, they 新たにするd their 反対s and definitely 辞退するd to land, evidently afraid of some untoward result. Pelsart was therefore compelled to return to the first island. The next morning, in company with some others, he 始める，決める out 早期に, after leaving a 公式文書，認める of their 意向s, to search for water. For three days they sought の中で the islands, but without success. Such fresh water as there was in the rocky 穴を開けるs of the islands 一連の会議、交渉／完成する about had been spoilt by seawater during the 嵐／襲撃する. Then, on 9 June, they steered for the 本土／大陸, but were not able to land 借りがあるing to the roughness of the coast and the persistence of the 嵐／襲撃する. Many 成果／努力s were made to 影響 a 上陸, but without avail, "for the breakers were too strong and the coast too 法外な and jagged, without any foreland or inlet, as is usually 設立する on other coasts, so that it seemed to them a 明らかにする and 悪口を言う／悪態d country, devoid of green or grass." The 現在の bore them さらに先に to the northward than they 願望（する）d, and on the 14th, on approaching the coast, they 観察するd a good 取引，協定 of smoke, and endeavoured to run in, hoping to find men and water. To land 存在 impracticable on account of the breakers, six men 決定するd to swim for the shore, and all 後継するd in reaching it. A day's search left them exhausted and 不成功の. In the evening "they happened upon four people, who were creeping toward them on their 手渡すs and feet." These fled upon the approach of the sailors, who on their return to the boat 述べるd them as "黒人／ボイコット savages, やめる naked, leaving themselves 暴露するd like animals." The next day they were fortunately able to land, and managed to collect about twenty gallons of water. They next 解決するd to go さらに先に inland in the hope of 安全な・保証するing more in the mountains, but t he search was vain, as there was no 外見 of water, "for behind the mountain chain the country was flat again, 耐えるing neither trees nor vegetation nor grass, and 存在 everywhere covered with high anthills built of earth, which in the distance were not unlike Indian huts. There were also such multitudes of 飛行機で行くs that one could not keep them out of one's 注目する，もくろむs." They next saw eight 黒人／ボイコット people, each carrying a stick in his 手渡す. These approached them to a musket 発射's distance, but "when they saw our people coming toward them they took to their heels and would neither speak nor stop."
抑圧するd by a sense of his own danger and 恐れるing for the safety of those left on the islands, Pelsart followed the coastline in the hope of reaching the river of Jacob Remmessens,* which によれば his charts was の近くに at 手渡す. North-easterly 勝利，勝つd 妨げるd him from reaching it, and finally he 決定するd to try to make Batavia for 援助. This difficult 仕事 he 遂行するd and after sighting Java on 27 June, reached Batavia on 5 July. The next day he made his 外見 before the 法廷，裁判所, and having 知らせるd the 知事-General and 会議 of his misfortunes, requested 迅速な help to save the shipwrecked people, and to 安全な・保証する as much as possible of the 商品／売買する. In a few days the フリゲート艦 Sardam was 割り当てるd to him, and after manning and victualling her he left on his return to the Abrolhos on the 15th of the month.
(*Footnote. No 限定された date can be 割り当てるd to the 発見 of this river. As Heeres points out, it must have been known before 1628 or 1629 as it is について言及するd by Pelsart, but could not have been much earlier as the 指名する is not 設立する on Gerritz' charts of 1618 and 1627. Modern 地図／計画するs show no river of any size at that point. It is possible that Exmouth 湾 was mistaken for the mouth of a river. J.S.B.)
In the 合間, however, there was 広大な／多数の／重要な trouble の中で those left behind on the islands. After the shipwreck the supercargo, Jerome Cornelisz, with several 共犯者s, had formed the 意向 of refloating the ship and using her for piracy, a 貿易（する） which in those days was far from 存在 unremunerative. To this end they remained on the 大型船 for some ten days, until, in fact, she began to 落ちる to pieces, and they had かなりの difficulty in 伸び（る）ing the shore. Cornelisz then, as supercargo, took 命令（する） of the company, which at that time was spread over three islands. This 配当 on three islands rose from the fact that a few days 以前 some of the men, in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of a 兵士, Webbye Hays, had gone off to a third in search of water.
Realising that the Batavia could not now be used for their 目的, Cornelisz and his associates 決定するd upon the 殺人 of all those …に反対するd to their 計画／陰謀s, and upon the seizure of the ヨット in which they 推定する／予想するd Pelsart to return from Batavia. Selecting those upon whom he could depend, a 契約 was made out to which they agreed. The 言い回し of this 社債, really an 協定 to commit 卸売 殺人, is so curious that it may be 利益／興味ing to 挿入する it in 十分な:
"We, the undersigned, ーするために take away all 不信 that 存在するs or might 存在する amongst us, 貯蔵所d ourselves herewith, ON THE SALVATION OF OUR SOULS, AND ON THE SOLEMN OATH THAT GOD SHALL TRULY HELP US TO BE TRUE TO EACH OTHER IN EVERYTHING AND TO LOVE EACH OTHER AS BROTHERS; also 約束ing not to do each other any 傷害 どれでも in person or 所有／入手 without first 口頭で 宣言するing to each other the 違反 of the peace, in knowledge thereof we have 調印するd this 契約 on the 12th July, 1629, on the island Bataviae's Kerkhof."
The 署名s followed. They then proceeded to 殺人 all those on the island with the exception of thirty men and four boys, so that the 指名する of the island as 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する in the 契約--Batavia's graveyard--was both 悪意のある and 重要な.
一方／合間, Webbye Hays and party, who were away looking for water, were after twenty days successful in finding it, and made three 解雇する／砲火／射撃s as a signal. As this happened to be on the day of the general 殺人, Cornelisz and his friends were probably too busy to notice them. Some who escaped the 大虐殺 managed to get across to Hays on rafts and take him the dreadful news. Having with these 増強s some forty-five men under him, he 解決するd to place himself in a position of defence from attack. Those on the remaining island, either not 存在 aware of what had transpired or 存在 too weak to defend themselves, were attacked by a party of Cornelisz' ruffians, and all but seven boys and six women were 殺人d. The chests of 商品／売買する were then opened, and the worthy 禁止（する）d attired themselves gaudily in scarlet cloth, with gold and silver embroidery.
The ringleader, however, recognised that there could be no safety for him until Webbye Hays and party were put out of the way. その結果, having assumed the 肩書を与える and 当局 of Captain-General, he sent an 探検隊／遠征隊 of twenty-two 武装した men against them. These were 首尾よく 撃退するd by the 事実上 defenceless 禁止（する）d. Cornelisz then had 頼みの綱 to 戦略, and by letter 内密に 申し込む／申し出d some of the men large rewards in return for treachery. These letters were shown to Hays, and a 罠（にかける） was accordingly laid. Cornelisz was induced to come to the island to settle the 条件, and on arrival he himself was taken 囚人 and some of his men killed.
At this 行う／開催する／段階, 13 September, the Sardam with Pelsart arrived at the Abrolhos, the commodore 存在 pleased to find from the presence of smoke that some at least of his people were still alive. Before he could land, Webbye Hays and three others （機の）カム on board and gave him an account of the whole 悲劇, その上の 知らせるing him that the ruffians were already on their way to surprise and 掴む the ship. These, when they arrived, were 逮捕（する）d, a 運命／宿命 which also quickly befell the 残りの人，物 of the 禁止（する）d. An examination into all the circumstances was then and there made, and as carrying the miscreants 支援する to Batavia would have meant （人が）群がるing the フリゲート艦 too much, Cornelisz and those closely associated with him were put to death on 調印（する） Island, after 存在 支配するd to the refinements of what one almost feels compelled to 収容する／認める was 井戸／弁護士席-長所d 拷問. の中で them they had 殺人d no より小数の than 125 innocent people. The フリゲート艦 then returned to Batavia, stopping her course to maroon two of the conspirators on the coast 近づく 支持する／優勝者 Bay. These two men were the first white inhabitants of the continent so far as is known. It is curious that the first white 解決／入植地 in Australia also consisted of persons 大部分は of the same class.*
(*Footnote. The 指示／教授／教育s 問題／発行するd to the 指揮官s of the ヨットs Klein Amsterdam and Wesel, which were sent out in 1636 for その上の 調査 of the north coast of Australia, 含む／封じ込めるd the direction to 認める a passage home to the two Dutch 犯罪のs put 岸に on the west coast by Pelsart. See Heeres, Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia page 66.)
During the years に引き続いて, 特に in 1629, 1632, and 1635, さまざまな places on the west coast were either touched at or sighted by Dutch ships, but these did not 与える／捧げる anything new in the way of （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）.* The next important voyage was that of Abel Janszoon Tasman (who had discovered 先頭 Diemen's Land in 1642) and Franz Visscher, with the ヨットs Limmen, Zeemeeuw, and De Brak. It was for this voyage, which took place in 1644, that the Dutch 調書をとる／予約する of 派遣（する）s, 以前 referred to, and from which much of our knowledge of the voyages of the Dutch East India Company is derived, was 収集するd. The 反対する of the 探検隊／遠征隊 was to 調査する the north-west and north coasts of the new continent, and to proceed eastward to 決定する whether New Guinea was a separate island or part of the 本土／大陸. Tasman's 定期刊行物 of this voyage had unfortunately been lost, so that such （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） as we 所有する about the voyage is rather meagre, and is taken from a work published in 1705 by Burgomaster Witsen, who 引用するs Tasman as the 当局 for his 声明s. These 言及する 主として to the natives, who are 述べるd as "所有するing rude canoes made of the bark of trees, but no houses; to live 貧しく, go naked, and eat yams and other roots."**
(*Footnote. Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia page 62.)
(**Footnote. Major. 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis page 98.)
From the 地図／計画する published by Thevenot in 1663, which it is said was 偽造 taken from that done in inlaid work on the pavement of the new Stadt Haus in Amsterdam, we may get a fair idea of his 大勝する. He certainly did not ascertain whether New Guinea was separated from the 本土／大陸,* but he 診察するd the northern coastline from Arnhem Land to Exmouth 湾, taking in De Witt Land and part of Eendracht Land, and embracing the 地区s now known as the Kimberleys and the North-West. He also appears to have landed in what we call Carnot and Roebuck Bays. To him we 借りがある the 指名する New Holland, which was 適用するd by the Dutch only to the western 部分 of the continent, the coastline of which had been 公正に／かなり 正確に 決定するd. The part to the east, which was still thought to be connected with New Guinea, continued to be called South Land.**
(*Footnote. Tasman, Abel Janszoon. 定期刊行物 edited by Heeres Amsterdam 1898 page 117.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 118 and Chart Number 1; also Heeres, Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia page 12.)
From this time to the end of the century the 利益／興味 of the Dutch in 沿岸の 探検 seems to have flagged. The sterile nature of the country 約束d but little in the way of wealth, and though the 領土 was still 含むd in the lands of the Dutch East India Company, it was left undisturbed to the 占領／職業 of the savages. An 探検の／予備の voyage was made by the Leeuwerik in 1648, and in 1649 the Vergulde Draeck, laden with rich 商品／売買する and money, was 難破させるd in latitude 30 degrees 40 minutes and 118 lives were lost. In the hope of 安全な・保証するing 援助, seven of the 生存者s managed to reach Batavia, leaving sixty-eight behind them to 保護する the 貨物 and treasure. 救済 ships were 派遣（する）d in 1657 and 1658, but many of these met with 災害 of one 肉親，親類d or another, and all returned from the search 不成功の. The first of these 大型船s, the Witte Valck and Goede Hoop, sailed 負かす／撃墜する the coast for some distance, but returned after losing a boat and eleven men. The Vinck, from the Cape to Batavia, was 教えるd to search, but also failed. The Waeckende Boey and the Emeloort visited the 本土／大陸 in 1658 on the same 使節団, but with abortive results.* The first of these 大型船s foolishly abandoned a boat and fourteen men during bad 天候, and only four of them got 支援する to Batavia, the 残りの人，物 succumbing to incredible 苦しむing and privation. In the same year the Elburg joined in the search with the same 消極的な result. Many of these ships 観察するd 難破 of さまざまな 肉親，親類d floating about, which evidently （機の）カム from the Vergulde Draeck, but nothing was ever heard of the unfortunate castaways. There was, however, some result from the 試みる／企てるs in 改善するd charts of the coastline.**
(*Footnote. Rottnest Island was discovered during this voyage of the Waeckende Boey (see Heeres page 79) but was not 指名するd.)
(**Footnote. Major. 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis pages 105 to 106; Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia pages xii, 73 to 76 and 81.)
Some twenty years later the Vliegende Swaan* coasted the north-west of the continent on her voyage from Ternate to Batavia.
(*Footnote. Ibid page 82.)
DISCOVERY OF AND EARLY VOYAGES TO AUSTRALIA (CONTINUED).
Up to the end of the seventeenth century English 海上の 企業 in the 太平洋の Ocean and Southern Seas had been almost a ごくわずかの 量, 限定するd 主として to 時折の voyages of adventure; and any English 利益／興味 in, or even knowledge of, the new South Land could scarcely be said to 存在する. Curiously enough, that English 利益／興味 was in the first place 刺激するd by one who at that period of his life was in every 尊敬（する）・点 a buccaneer--William Dampier. But 著作権侵害者 though he 事実上 was, he had some of the 質s of a hero, and he 所有するd that faculty for 正確な 観察 that made his 発言／述べるs and opinions on places visited of special value to his country.
Born in 1652 of a respectable family in Somerset, Dampier as a young man 伸び（る）d some experience of the sea both in the merchant service and in the 海軍. In 1674 he went to Jamaica to 補助装置 in the 管理／経営 of a 農園, but the life was so devoid of adventure that in the に引き続いて year he went 支援する to sea. In 1697 he joined the buccaneers and made さまざまな 探検隊／遠征隊s in the 太平洋の with the avowed 反対する of plundering the Spanish 解決／入植地s. Some four years later he took service with one Cook on a 巡航する 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the world. Finding that the 大型船 was too small for the 目的, they ran along the coast of Africa in the hope of 会合 a more suitable （手先の）技術. At sierra Leone they fell in with a Dutch ship carrying thirty-six guns, and without qualms of 良心 強制的に took 所有／入手 of her and ran out to sea.* Dampier's narrative says nothing of this, but would lead us to believe that the voyage was one of 発見 only, instead of 存在, as it really was, one of piracy. Cook died in 1684, and Davis, who took his place, joined 軍隊s with a Captain Swan of the Cygnet, and for twelve months they scoured the South American coast in company. After that they parted, as Swan wished to try the Mexican coast and then go across the 太平洋の に向かって the East Indies. With him went Dampier, filled, によれば his narrative, with a 願望（する） for 発見. Reaching the Philippine Islands in June 1686, they remained there until 早期に in the に引き続いて year, when 不満 became rife の中で the 乗組員, 借りがあるing partly to the 長引かせるd inactivity and partly to the methods of Captain Swan. In the end Captain Teat, the 長，指導者 mate, with a number of the 乗組員, amongst whom were the 外科医 and Dampier, sailed away with the ship, leaving Swan and about thirty-six men 立ち往生させるd on Mindanao.** After a course of piracy in the 中国 Seas and the East Indian 群島, they decided to turn to the south, ーするつもりであるing to touch at New Holland ーするために "to see what that country would afford us."***
(**Footnote. Dictionary of 国家の Biography sub nomen Dampier.)
(**Footnote. Dampier. New voyage 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the World third 版 London 1698 pages 372 to 374.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 461.)
The 上陸 took place in the north-west corner of King Sound, at the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す now known as Cygnet Bay. Here the ship was beached for きれいにする and 修理s, and it is curious that 明らかに by 事故 the captain 設立する the one place on the whole north-west coast suitable for that 目的. During the stay there, 継続している until 12 March, Dampier appears to have 設立する the society of his fellow-buccaneers uncongenial, and to have 占領するd his time in making a careful 探検 of the surrounding country.
"New Holland," he tells us, "is a very large tract of land. It is not yet 決定するd whether it is an island or a main continent; but I am 確かな that it joins neither to Asia, Africa, nor America. The part of it that we saw is all low, even land, with sandy banks against the sea; only the points are rocky, and so are some of the islands in this bay."*
(*Footnote. Ibid page 463.)
Dampier's 観察s on the country and the natives are singularly 訂正する, and have a particular value as giving the first 限定された and 正確な （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） known 関心ing any 部分 of this 広大な continent.
The 国／地域 he 述べるs as 乾燥した，日照りの and sandy,
"destitute of water, except you make 井戸／弁護士席s; yet producing divers sorts of trees. But the 支持を得ようと努めるd are not 厚い nor the trees very big. Most of the trees we saw are dragon-trees, as we supposed, and these, too, are the largest trees of any there. They are about the bigness of our large apple trees...and the rind is blackish and somewhat rough...The other sorts of trees were not known to any of us. There was pretty long grass growing under the trees, but it was very thin. We saw no trees that bore fruit or berries."*
(*Footnote. Dampier. New voyage 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the World third 版 London 1698 page 463.)
Of the natives, whom he must have 観察するd with very 広大な／多数の／重要な care, he 令状s:*
"The inhabitants of this country are the miserablest people in the world. The Hodmadods of Monomatapa, though a 汚い people, yet for wealth are gentlemen to these, who have no houses and 肌 衣料品s, sheep, poultry, and fruits of the earth, ostrich eggs, etc., as the Hodmadods have; and setting aside their human 形態／調整, they 異なる little from brutes. They are tall, straight-団体／死体d, and thin, with small long 四肢s. They have 広大な／多数の／重要な 長，率いるs, 一連の会議、交渉／完成する foreheads, and 広大な／多数の／重要な brows. Their eyelids are always half-の近くにd to keep the 飛行機で行くs out of their 注目する，もくろむs, they 存在 so troublesome here that no fanning will keep them off...They have 広大な／多数の／重要な 瓶／封じ込める noses, pretty 十分な lips, and wide mouths. The two fore teeth of their upper jaw are wanting in all of them, men and women, old and young. They are long-visaged...Their hair is 黒人／ボイコット, short, and curled.
"They have no sort of 着せる／賦与するs, but a piece of the rind of a tree tied like a girdle about their waists, and a handful of long grass, or three or four small green boughs 十分な of leaves, thrust under their girdle to cover their nakedness.
"They have no houses, but 嘘（をつく） in the open 空気／公表する without any covering, the earth 存在 their bed and the heaven their canopy...They do live in companies, twenty or thirty men, women, and children together. Their only food is a small sort of fish which they get by making weirs of 石／投石するs across little coves or 支店s of the sea, every tide bringing in the small fish, and there leaves them a prey to these people, who 絶えず …に出席する there to search for them at low water...There is neither herb, root, pulse, nor any sort of 穀物 for them to eat that we saw, nor any sort of bird or beast that they can catch, having no 器具s wherewithal to do so.
"I did not perceive that they did worship anything. These poor creatures have a sort of 武器 to defend their ware or fight with their enemies, if they have any that will 干渉する with their poor 漁業s...Some of them had 木造の swords; others had a sort of lance. The sword is a piece of 支持を得ようと努めるd 形態／調整d somewhat like a cutlass. The lance is a long straight 政治家, sharp at one end and 常習的な afterwards by heat. I saw no アイロンをかける nor any other sort of metal."
(*Footnote. Dampier. New Voyage 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the World third 版 London 1698 pages 464 to 466.)
After leaving Cygnet Bay, Dampier 願望（する）d to proceed on a voyage to England, but this did not 会合，会う with the 是認 of his companions. A quarrel occurred, and in the result he, with two others, was put 岸に on the Nicobar Islands.* Here they 苦しむd many 裁判，公判s and privations, but 最終的に 後継するd in getting away, and in 1691 Dampier arrived 支援する in England after an absence of nearly nine years.
(**Footnote. Dampier. New Voyage 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the World third 版 London 1698 pages 482 to 483.)
Some years passed without 出来事/事件 until the Dutch became anxious about the 運命／宿命 of a 行方不明の ship, the Ridderschap 先頭 Holland, and in 1696 Willem 先頭 Vlaming was 教えるd by the East India Company to proceed with the Geelvinck and two other 大型船s to 診察する carefully the South Land or the Land of Eendracht and also to 問い合わせ into the 運命／宿命 of the Ridderschap 先頭 Holland, which had left the Cape for Batavia in 1694.* On Christmas Day, 1696, they sighted land, and on 29 December 錨，総合司会者d off the shore of a large island, upon which they landed on the に引き続いて day. On 調査するing it they were struck with the large number of ネズミs' (wallabies) nests to be seen, and gave it the 指名する of Rottenest Island. Some pieces of 難破 were discovered, but there was nothing by which they could identify the 大型船 they were endeavouring to trace. From the higher parts they could see the 本土／大陸 distinctly, and from the smoke rising here and there from の中で the trees they gathered that natives were 現在の. On 5 January 1697, Vlaming with eighty-six 井戸／弁護士席-武装した men landed on the shore somewhere in the neighbourhood of Cottesloe Beach, and going eastward （機の）カム upon what they 述べるd as "a large 水盤／入り江 of brackish water." On the banks of this they met with traces of natives in the 形態／調整 of 足跡s, a 解雇する／砲火／射撃 still 燃やすing, and a hut that would have 不名誉d a Hottentot, but the aborigines themselves were not to be seen. They （軍の）野営地，陣営d 近づく the 解雇する／砲火／射撃, and on the に引き続いて day separated into three parties for 探検の／予備の 目的s and went off in different directions. They met again at night having made no 発見 of any importance beyond 証明するing that the "水盤／入り江 of brackish water" was really a river. On the 9th they brought the ships in and 錨，総合司会者d just off the mouth of the river, which Vlaming and a party 調査するd on the に引き続いて days for a distance of some fourteen or sixteen leagues. They were rewarded by the 発見 of numbers of that hitherto unknown prodigy of Nature, the fabulous 黒人／ボイコット swan について言及するd by Juvenal. Sev eral 見本／標本s were 診察するd, and three were taken alive to Batavia. From the presence of these birds Vlaming 指名するd his 発見 the 黒人／ボイコット Swan River. However, having, によれば the narrative, "設立する neither good country nor seen anything worthy of 公式文書，認める," Vlaming continued his voyage northward, 診察するing the shore carefully for traces of the lost ship, and occasionally 上陸 to make some 探検 of the coast. On 4 February they reached Shark Bay, and on Dirk Hartog Island 設立する the plate 以前 referred to. This they took away, leaving another in its place. 再開するing the voyage they reached the North-West Cape, and on the 21st of the month 始める，決める the course direct for Batavia, after 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing guns "as a signal of 別れの（言葉，会） to the 哀れな South Land."** To Vlaming thus belongs the 発見 of the Swan River, the most important so far of all the 発見s on the 本土／大陸.
(*Footnote. Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia page 83 公式文書，認める 1. Also Major. 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis page 107.)
(**Footnote. Major. 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis pages 120 to 133 抽出する from Vlaming's 定期刊行物. Vlaming's 定期刊行物 was not printed by Heeres because it had already been printed in 1701 and a translation was 含むd in Major's 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis.)
一方／合間 Dampier had not been idle. For some years after his arrival in England he was engaged in 準備するing a 記録，記録的な／記録する of his voyage and adventures from 1683 to 1691. This was published in 1698 as A New Voyage 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the World. From it the English 伸び（る）d their first 正確な knowledge of these new South Lands. At this time the 政府 had decided to fit out a ship for an 探検の／予備の voyage 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the world, and Dampier was recommended for the 命令（する）. He was accordingly directed to draw up 提案s for such a 目的, and 示唆するd that as little was known of the Terra Australis an examination of that 領土 should be 含むd. The suggestions were 認可するd, and Dampier was 任命するd to the 命令（する） in 1698.*
(*Footnote. Dictionary of 国家の Biography 容積／容量 14 page 4.)
Dampier left England in the Roebuck on 14 January 1699, and after touching at the Canary and Cape Verde Islands directed his course to Bahia in Brazil. From that port he made a long sweep 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the Cape of Good Hope に向かって the west coast of Australia.* His first 意向 was to proceed 西方の through the 海峡s of Magellan or 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Tierra del Fuego, ーするために begin his 発見s upon the eastern and least-known 味方する of the Terra Australis. He 設立する, however, that it was not possible to go that way, as 借りがあるing to the time of the year in which he left England he would have been compassing South America in a very high latitude in the depth of winter.** He therefore went eastward 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the Cape. The same 推論する／理由, the 恐れる of 厳しい winter 天候, made him decide to go northwards along the coast of New Holland instead of southward.*** It is 利益／興味ing to 公式文書，認める that if Dampier had 固執するd to his 初めの 意向 it is more than probable that he would have had the credit of discovering the eastern coast of Australia.
(*Footnote. Dampier. Voyage to New Holland in 1699 London 1703 pages 2 et seq.)
(**Footnote. Dampier. 延長／続編 of a Voyage to New Holland in 1699 London 1729 page 124.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 125.)
On 1 August Dampier sighted land, and on the 5th 錨，総合司会者d in the bay to which, 借りがあるing to the prevalence of sharks, he gave the 指名する Shark's Bay (now known as Shark Bay).* Some eight days were spent in making trips to the 本土／大陸 in search of water, but without result. During this time he 調査するd a 部分 of the Bay and collected a good 取引，協定 of 価値のある （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） about the 沿岸の country, 同様に as 利益／興味ing data 関心ing the fauna and flora. He tells us that the land was gently undulating, with stretches of sand along the seaboard, changing to a 赤みを帯びた 国／地域 of sandy nature さらに先に inland. Upon this grew 工場／植物s, grass, and shrubs, but no trees above ten feet in 高さ. Of the tree blossoms blue was the predominating colour, and small and beautiful flowers of さまざまな hues, different from anything he had 以前 seen, abounded everywhere.** The only large birds were some eagles, cormorants, pelicans, gulls, and ducks. The land animals were few in number, consisting in the main of kangaroos and lizards. The kangaroos were new to natural history, and Dampier's description of them is the first known. "The land animals," he 令状s, "were only a sort of raccoons, different from those of the West Indies, 主として as to their 脚s; for these have very short forelegs, but go jumping upon them as the others do, and, like them, are very good meat.*** The only other animals he saw were large lizards (or guanos, as he 条件 them) against which, as food, the 極度の慎重さを要する stomach of a buccaneer appears to have rebelled.
(*Footnote. Dampier. Voyage to New Holland in 1699 London 1703 page 124.)
(**Footnote. Dampier. Voyage to New Holland in 1699 pages 121 and 122.)
(***Footnote. Ibid pages 122 to 123.)
Water not 存在 利用できる, he decided on the 14th to continue his voyage north, keeping as の近くに to the shore as he could in the hope of finding more fertile country and an abundant 供給（する） of water.* From time to time he sent the boats 岸に for 供給（する）s, but only once did he 得る 十分な to 補充する the 樽s. On the 21st he reached some islands, now called Dampier 群島, 据えるd off the 現在の town of Cossack, and on the 31st again landed some 150 miles south of his former 船の停泊地 in Cygnet Bay. Here he had a small 小衝突 with some natives, in the course of which a sailor was speared and a native 発射.
(*Footnote. Ibid page 129.)
存在 still 大いに 関心d about the 不足 of water, and disgusted with the sterile nature of the land, Dampier felt compelled to abandon any その上の 探検 of the coast.* In 一致 with this 決意／決議 he 始める，決める sail 早期に in September for Timor and New Guinea. On the voyage home the Roebuck was 難破させるd on the island of Ascension, but the 航海士 後継するd in reaching England, and in 1703 published an account of his voyage.
(*Footnote. Ibid page 154.)
His 観察s with regard to the coast and the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） he brought 支援する 関心ing the country and its inhabitants have been 証明するd to be remarkably reliable, and may be regarded as some 補償（金） for his 失敗 to 達成する fully the actual 反対するs of his 使節団. Whether the new land was a succession of islands or a continent was a question yet to be solved, and the passage between New Guinea and Australia was still unknown.
His unfavourable 報告（する）／憶測s about the land and his opinion of its wretched inhabitants, whom he 述べるd as "the miserablest people in the world,"* did not give any 激励 to the 政府 to 追求する its 調査s. その結果 we hear of no その上の voyages under the English 旗 until 1770, when Captain Cook discovered and took 所有／入手 of the more fertile country on the east coast.
(*Footnote. Dampier. New Voyage 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the World London 1698 page 464.)
A 発言／述べる made by Dampier when 捜し出すing a passage の中で the islands of the 群島 that 耐えるs his 指名する, that "の中で so many islands we might have 設立する some sort of rich mineral or ambergris,"* has given rise to a curious inaccuracy in many 公式の／役人 and other 出版（物）s 関心ing the gold 発見s of Western Australia. It is 明言する／公表するd that Dampier, a DUTCH buccaneer, discovered gold on the north-west coast in 1688, and that on account of this 発見 the Dutch charts of the 地域 were 示すd Provincia aurifera.** Though the 地域 is so 示すd on some of the sixteenth-century charts, it is really the result of a geographical 失敗, 予定 to a misreading of part of Marco Polo's De regionibus orientalibus." This 現実に 言及するs to Lower Siam, but was ignorantly transferred by 早期に geographers to an imaginary 広大な／多数の／重要な southern continent.*** Dampier was not Dutch. Neither does he make any について言及する in his narrative of a 発見 of gold. Had he done so it is scarcely probable that English 利益／興味 in the new country would have 中止するd after his 報告（する）／憶測.
(*Footnote. Dampier. Voyage to New Holland in 1699, London 1703 page 138.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する (公式の／役人) 1902 to 1904 page 10. The 声明 is made in Western Australia in 1891 by F. Hart page 42.)
(***Footnote. Letter from Mr. C.H. Cook, Department of 地図／計画するs and 製図／抽選s, British Museum, to the Registrar-General of Western Australia--引用するd in Year 調書をとる／予約する 以前 について言及するd.)
In 1718 one Hans Purry of Neufchatel, published a work in which he 提案するd the 設立 of a Dutch 植民地の 解決／入植地 in the south-west corner 近づく Cape Leeuwin. This idea was submitted to the 当局 of the East India Company at Batavia and Amsterdam, and 存在 拒絶する／低下するd by them was unsuccessfully 勧めるd upon the West India Company.* The 誘導s 申し込む／申し出d were not 相応した with the expense, and the frugal Dutch mind was not 用意が出来ている to spend money on something that 申し込む／申し出d little or no prospect of return.
(*Footnote. Major. 早期に Voyages to Terra Australis page 115.)
Probably 借りがあるing to the unpromising 報告（する）／憶測s brought 支援する by 航海士s, Dutch 利益／興味 may from this time be said to have 中止するd, though, as the century 進歩d, Dutch 大型船s either sighted or touched at 孤立するd 部分s of the coast, and some had the misfortune to be 難破させるd there. In 1711 the Zuytdorp* was supposed to have struck somewhere on the Abrolhos, that area of extreme danger to 早期に 航海士s, and in 1727 the Zeewyck （機の）カム to grief on a 暗礁 in the same Group.** Of this 大型船 非常に／多数の 遺物s have from time to time been 設立する by さまざまな explorers and others, and they now form an 利益／興味ing 展示（する） in the Western Australian Museum.
(*Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 11.)
(**Footnote. Heeres. Part borne by the Dutch in the 発見 of Australia page 91.)
In 1755 and 1765 casual Dutch visits were 記録，記録的な／記録するd, but they were without 出来事/事件.*
(*Footnote. Ibid page 91.)
Almost coincidentally with the 停止 of Dutch 企業 フラン became active in the Southern Seas. Thenceforward, up to the time of the actual 併合 and 解決／入植地 of Western Australia by 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain, the competing nations in these waters, as in so many parts of the world, were the English and the French.
The first French ship to touch at any 部分 of the Australian coast was Le Gros Ventre in March 1772, under the 命令（する） of Captain de St. Alouarn,* in whose honour the St. Alouarn Islands were 指名するd at a later date by D'Entrecasteaux.**
(*Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 11. 公式文書，認める. 疑問s have been 表明するd as to the authenticity of St. Alouarn's voyage in Australian waters. It is 含むd here on the 当局 of Dr. A. Grandidier, 長官 of the French 学校／設ける, who 改訂するd the 部分 relating to the French voyages of 発見 which was 含むd in the historical section of the Year 調書をとる／予約する. See also 訴訟／進行s of the 王室の Society of Tasmania 1921 pages 152 to 153.)
(**Footnote. D'Entrecasteaux. Voyage redige par Rossel Paris 1808 容積／容量 1 page 177.)
For some years after this there is no 記録，記録的な／記録する of any 航海士 visiting the western shores. The 発見s of Cook in 1770, and his favourable 報告（する）／憶測s on the fertile nature of the country, had turned attention to the eastern 味方する of the continent, and whatever 成果／努力s were made in the way of 探検 were directed toward that part.
In 1789 the British 政府 decided to send out an 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊 to the South Seas with the 反対する of 追加するing to the knowledge 伸び（る）d by Captain Cook. Captain Henry Roberts was placed in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the 提案するd 探検隊／遠征隊, with 中尉／大尉／警部補 George Vancouver as second in 命令（する）.* Both these officers had served under Captain Cook. A 大型船 then 存在 built was 購入（する）d, 指名するd the 発見, and fitted out under Vancouver's superintendence.** In April 1790, when the 大型船 was almost ready to proceed on her voyage, news was received that the Spaniards, who in 1775 had 延長するd their 研究s northward along the north-west coast of America, had 干渉するd with British 商業 on that coast, and had 掴むd English 大型船s and factories in Nootka Sound. In consequence of this the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い known as the Spanish 軍備 was organised, and the officers and men who had been 任命するd to the 発見 were placed on active service. This 原因（となる）d the 延期 of the 提案するd voyage. The 早い 器具／備品 of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い seems to have had an 影響 upon the Spanish 当局, who 申し込む／申し出d restitution for the depredations and an acknowledgment of equal 貿易（する）ing 権利s with Spain in seas over which that nation had 以前 （人命などを）奪う，主張するd 排除的 権利s.*** "It was みなすd expedient that an officer should be sent to Nootka to receive 支援する in form the restitution of the 領土s on which the Spanish had 掴むd, and also to make a 訂正する 調査する of the coast from the 30 degrees of north latitude north-西方の of Cook's River; and その上の to 得る every possible （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that could be collected 尊敬（する）・点ing the natural and political 明言する／公表する of that country."**** Vancouver, who had been 促進するd to the 階級 of 指揮官, was selected for this 義務 and was at once 任命するd to the 発見, to which was 大（公）使館員d the 武装した tender Chatham under the 命令（する） of 中尉／大尉／警部補 Broughton. His （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限***** directed him to proceed forthwith to the 挟む Islands and there to remain until the end of January 1792, を待つing その上の i nstructions with regard to the Nootka Sound 事柄. If such 指示／教授／教育s should not be received by that time he was to proceed to the north-west coast of America for the 目的 of acquiring a more 完全にする knowledge of it, 特に with regard to water communications with the eastern 味方する of the continent and also with regard to 解決／入植地s made by any European nation within the area to be 診察するd (latitude 60 North and 30 North).
(*Footnote. Vancouver. Voyage of 発見 1790 to 1795 容積／容量 1 page 7.)
(**Footnote. Dictionary of 国家の Biography 容積／容量 58 page 96.)
(***Footnote. Vancouver. Voyage of 発見 1790 to 1795 容積／容量 1 page 10.)
(****Footnote. Ibid pages 10 and 11.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid pages 17 et seq.)
Vancouver and Broughton left London at the end of January 1791, and as the choice of 大勝する was left to Vancouver's judgment* they went by way of the Cape of Good Hope, and on 26 August 1791 they had their first 見解（をとる） of Australia--that of a 目だつ promontory with high cliffs dropping almost perpendicularly into the sea. This they 指名するd Cape Chatham, after the earl of that 指名する, who at that time 統括するd over the Admiralty. Though 述べるing the promontory as a cape, Vancouver was in some 疑問 whether it was not really an island,** a 疑問 afterwards 証明するd to be 井戸／弁護士席 設立するd. Passing this and に引き続いて an eastward course, while keeping as 近づく the shore as possible in the hope of discovering a 安全な 船の停泊地, they entered a 罰金 natural harbour on the 28th and bestowed upon it the 指名する of King George III Sound. 上陸 on the 29th, they noticed that there was a その上の inner harbour and a second 拡張 toward the north-east. The day 存在 the birthday of the Princess 王室の, they 指名するd the inner 部分 Princess 王室の Harbour. Vancouver then, in the 指名する of the king, took formal 所有／入手 of all the country "from the land we saw north-西方の of Cape Chatham so far as we might 調査する its coasts." On the same day the 狭くする 入り口 to the north-eastern 拡張 was discovered and the had been 改名するd Oyster Harbour, on account of the number of oysters 設立する there.***
(*Footnote. Dictionary of 国家の Biography 容積／容量 58 page 96.)
(**Footnote. Vancouver. Voyage of 発見 容積／容量 1 page 30.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 pages 35 to 36.)
The ships remained at 錨，総合司会者 for about a fortnight, during which a の近くに examination of the harbours was made, and the coastline for some distance inland 調査するd. The land in places seemed barren or covered with a "deadly green herbage, with here and there a few grovelling shrubs or dwarf trees scattered at a 広大な／多数の／重要な distance from each other.* This, Vancouver 収容する／認めるs, might not have 起こる／始まるd from sterility of the 国／地域, but as the result of a bushfire which it was evident had recently passed over it, 特に as the surrounding country 現在のd a far more fertile and pleasing 面. Fresh water was abundant, and kangaroos, ducks, and fish not 不十分な. The 気候 was temperate and agreeable. Of shrubs and 工場／植物s a 広大な／多数の／重要な variety was 設立する, which "afforded Mr. Menzies (the naturalist of the 探検隊／遠征隊) much entertainment and enjoyment."** Natives they did not 現実に 会合，会う, but one or two 砂漠d villages were seen, 同様に as 選び出す／独身 habitations, giving them the impression that the aborigines were a wandering people, 信用ing 大いに to the natural 製品s of the 国／地域 for food, and not 専門家 either at 追跡（する）ing or fishing.
(*Footnote. Vancouver. Voyage 容積／容量 1 page 34.)
(*Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 page 51. 公式文書，認める. In 1883 a 木造の tablet was 築くd by the 知事, Sir William Robinson, over an old 井戸／弁護士席 on the beach by the channel connecting Middleton Bay and Oyster Harbour. This, it is believed, 示すs the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す where "George Vancouver, an illustrious 航海士, watered H.M.S. 発見 in October 1791.")
Before leaving the Sound, Vancouver deposited on the 本土／大陸 opposite the 船の停泊地 a 調印（する）d 瓶／封じ込める 含む／封じ込めるing a parchment 記録，記録的な／記録する of his visit, and a second 瓶／封じ込める 含む／封じ込めるing a 類似の 記録，記録的な／記録する on 調印（する） Island, where he thought the natives would be いっそう少なく likely to get it.* Flinders, during his visit to King George III Sound in 1801, made a search for these 瓶／封じ込めるs, but was unable to find either of them. On the 本土／大陸, however, he 設立する a piece of sheet 巡査 inscribed "August 27, 1800. Chr. Dixson--ship Elligood," from which he inferred that the 瓶／封じ込める had been 以前 discovered and 除去するd.**
(*Footnote. Vancouver. Voyage 容積／容量 1 page 40.)
(**Footnote. Flinders. Voyage to Terra Australis 容積／容量 1 pages 54 to 56.)
After leaving King George III Sound, Vancouver and Broughton continued their voyage eastward along the south coast until they reached an island to which the 指名する Termination Island was given, 借りがあるing to the fact that through want of time they were compelled to 終結させる their 研究s along the Australian coast at this point, and to proceed "without その上の 延期する に向かって the 太平洋の ocean."*
(*Footnote. Vancouver. Voyage of 発見 pages 42 to 44.)
In 新規加入 to the places について言及するd, Point 所有／入手, Cape Howe, 開始する Gardner, The （太陽，月の）食／失墜, Breaksea, 調印（する）, and Michaelmas Islands, and nearly every 目だつ headland or island from Cape Leeuwin to 122 degrees east longitude 借りがある their 指名するs to this voyage, which, from the 見地 of 正確 of 観察 and attention to 詳細（に述べる）, was one of the most important made to the shores of Western Australia.
About this time the French 政府 began to be anxious about the 運命／宿命 of the 探検隊／遠征隊 under La Perouse, which had not been heard of since leaving Botany Bay in 1788. The general impression was that the 探検隊／遠征隊 had met with 災害, but ーするために have the 事柄 （疑いを）晴らすd up two ships, the Recherche and the Esperance, were fitted out for a search and placed under the 命令（する） of 海軍大将 D'Entrecasteaux.* Leaving フラン in September 1791, D'Entrecasteaux proceeded by way of the Cape of Good Hope and reached the coast of Tasmania, 錨，総合司会者ing in 嵐／襲撃する Bay on 21 April 1792. From there he went to the Solomon Islands, the Moluccas, and the East Indian 群島, and then turned southward 負かす／撃墜する the coast of Western Australia. He did not, however, sight the Australian coast until December 1792, when he （機の）カム within あられ／賞賛する of a point which was 指名するd D'Entrecasteaux Point, lying north-west of Chatham Island. Continuing his course to the eastward, he skirted the coast as far as Termination Island, where he 避難所d from a 嵐／襲撃する, and then turned off to Tasmania again.** Several places on the south coast were charted and 指名するd on this voyage, to which the 発見 of the Recherche 群島 is 予定.***
(*Footnote. D'Entrecasteaux. Voyage (Paris 1808) 容積／容量 1 page 19 指示／教授／教育s.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 pages 177 et seq and Atlas Chart Number 1.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 page 180. 公式文書，認める. Labillardiere, the botanist, who was one of the naturalists 大（公）使館員d to the 探検隊／遠征隊, also published an account of the voyage.)
English 海上の activity in the Southern Seas was now in 十分な swing, and English 協会 with the new South Land definitely 設立するd. Perhaps no one did more to bring about an 正確な knowledge of, at any 率, the 沿岸の 地区s of the continent than Matthew Flinders, to whom we 借りがある its 現在の 指名する. Though we are 関心d only with his 関係 with the west, he was 責任がある the 発見 of 事実上 the whole of the south coast. In many 尊敬（する）・点s Flinders was not unlike Dampier--if we except the latter's buccaneering proclivities. Bold and intrepid as an explorer, he was at the same time a careful 観察者／傍聴者, shrewd and painstaking, 同様に as 正確な in 詳細（に述べる）, so that the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） he procured 証明するd of the greatest value in 延長するing the vague knowledge then 存在するing 関心ing this still 事実上 unknown country.
Flinders left Spithead on 18 July 1801, in the 捜査官／調査官, the old Xenophon, a sloop of 344 トンs. On 7 December he reached what he 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d Cape Leeuwin,* as 存在 the south-western and most 事業／計画（する）ing part of Leeuwin Land, and from there to King George III Sound, where he arrived on 9 December, he carefully 調査するd the 中間の coast, 指名するing さまざまな points. He remained at the Sound for some days, which were spent in charting Princess 王室の and Oyster Harbours, and in 設立するing friendly relations with the aborigines. A short vocabulary of the native language was 用意が出来ている, and （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） collected as to their habits. Their manners he 述べるs as "quick and vehement and their conversation vociferous, like that of most uncivilised people. They seemed to have no idea of any 優越 we 所有するd over them. On the contrary they left us, after the first interview, with some 外見 of contempt of our pusillanimity, which was probably inferred from the 願望（する） we showed to be friendly with them.**
(*Footnote. Flinders. Voyage to Terra Australis 容積／容量 1 page 49.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 page 56.)
Flinders left King George III Sound on 5 January 1802,* and proceeded upon his voyage eastward. In the course of his voyage he 完全にするd the 発見 of the south coast and made careful charts of the whole.
(*Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 page 74.)
On board the 捜査官／調査官 with him were Robert Brown, 井戸／弁護士席 known as a botanist, and William Westall, the famous painter; while one of his officers was (Sir) John Franklin, afterwards 知事 of Tasmania and a famous explorer, who ended his career まっただ中に 北極の snows.
For one thing Flinders will always be remembered--that he gave to Australia her 現在の 指名する. さまざまな 呼称s had been bestowed upon her--Magellanica, Java la Grande, 広大な／多数の／重要な South Land, and Terra Australis. After Tasman's voyage in 1644 the western 部分 was called New Holland, the eastern still 保持するing the 指名する of Terra Australis. その後の to Cook's 発見s the eastern part received the 指名する of New South むちの跡s, the 残りの人，物 存在 still New Holland. The meridian dividing the two, によれば the 特許 to the first 知事 of New South むちの跡s, was 135 degrees east longitude,* almost 同一の with the old line of 分離 laid 負かす／撃墜する after Tasman's voyage. Having 証明するd the east and west to be parts of one continent, Flinders readopted the 指名する of Terra Australis for the whole, 含むing New South むちの跡s and New Holland, and, in its most 広範囲にわたる sense, 先頭 Diemen's Land 同様に. At a later date, in 1814, in the published account of his voyage, he 示唆するd the 指名する Australia, which he had 以前 used in correspondence, "as 存在 more agreeable to the ear, and an assimilation to the 指名するs of the other 広大な／多数の／重要な 部分s of the earth."** After this the 指名する （機の）カム into general use for the continent, though in 公式の／役人 文書s, even up to 1851, it いつかs 含むd Tasmania.***
(*Footnote. Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia series 1 容積／容量 1 page 1 知事 Phillip's first （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限.)
(**Footnote. Flinders. Voyage to Terra Australis 容積／容量 1 page 3 and 公式文書，認める. See also Professor Scott's Life of Matthew Flinders 一時期／支部 30, in which the use of the word before Flinders' time is discussed.)
(***Footnote. Scott. Life of Flinders pages 428 to 429.)
に引き続いて upon the knowledge 伸び（る）d through the voyage of D'Entrecasteaux, the French 政府 決定するd to send out a その上の 探検隊／遠征隊, which left Havre in October 1800, with the 反対する of more fully 調査するing the coast of New Holland and collecting 科学の （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing its natural history and inhabitants.* This consisted of two 大型船s, the Geographe under Commodore Nicholas Baudin and the Naturaliste 命令（する）d by Captain Hamelin, with whom was associated 中尉／大尉／警部補 Louis de Freycinet. The ships reached the south-west coast in 1801, and many of the topographical features of that 部分 of the continent 耐える 指名するs which identify them with this voyage.** Having been driven out of Geographe Bay by a 嵐／襲撃する, the 大型船s became separated. Baudin in the Geographe went to Shark Bay and from there worked northward as far as Cape Leveque, leaving the coast at that point for Timor. Here they were joined by the Naturaliste, which, によれば Freycinet, had waited at Rottnest for a time 推定する／予想するing the arrival of the other 大型船. Whilst waiting they had 充てるd some days to the 探検 of the Swan River with the 意向 of tracing its source. They seem to have reached the junction of the Helena with the Swan when the leader, M. Heirisson, felt compelled to return, as the 準備／条項s were running short. The 指名する of a member of the party 存在 Moreau, the 肩書を与える Moreau Inlet was bestowed upon the Canning River, while the islands upon which the 現在の Perth Causeway stands were called the Heirisson Islands. The 見解（をとる） from the 最高の，を越す of 開始する Eliza was 述べるd as 特に striking and beautiful, and the fertile nature of the 国／地域 about Guildford was commented upon. At the point where they abandoned their 旅行 up the river, about sixty miles from the mouth, the stream was 狭くする, only about eight feet 深い, and the water salt.*** Leaving Rottnest they made a その上の 調査 of the 入り口 to Shark Bay, and on Dirk Hartog Island Captain Hamelin 設立する the plate left by Vlaming more than a c entury 以前.****
(*Footnote. Biographie universelle (Paris 1811) 容積／容量 3 page 538 and Nouvelle biographie universelle (Paris 1853) 容積／容量 4 page 771. See also Peron, F. Voyage de decouvertes aux Terres Australes 1800 a 1804 (Paris 1807) 容積／容量 1 chapitre 1.)
(**Footnote. Peron. Voyage 容積／容量 1 pages 66 et seq.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 pages 178 to 184.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 pages 194 to 195.)
In November 1801 the two 大型船s left Timor for a more 詳細（に述べる）d examination of the Australian coast, and after a 調査する of a 部分 of Tasmania and the islands of Bass 海峡, arrived at Sydney during the latter part of 1802. A small ship, the Casuarina, was 借り切る／憲章d there and placed under the 命令（する） of Freycinet.* Baudin then, with the Geographe and Casuarina, 調査するd that part of the south coast known to the French as Terre Napoleon and proceeded onwards to Western Australia, making 詳細（に述べる）d examination of most of the western 味方する of the continent from King George's Sound in the south to the Holothuria Banks in the extreme north. The care bestowed upon this work may be 計器d by the number of 目だつ features of the west coast which still 耐える French 指名するs.**
(*Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 page 417.)
(*Footnote. Peron. Voyage 容積／容量 2.)
No その上の 記録，記録的な／記録する 存在するs of any voyage to Western Australia until the year 1817, when the French 政府 派遣（する）d Captain Freycinet in the corvette Uranie on a voyage of 発見 and 科学の 調査. In the course of this 巡航する Freycinet 錨，総合司会者d in Shark Bay (called by the French le Baie des Chiens Marins) に向かって the end of 1818. He then proceeded along the north-west coast on his way to the islands of the South Seas, calling at Sydney on his return. 裁判官ing from the letters of M. Arago,* one of the members of the 探検隊／遠征隊, the Western Australian coast failed to 会合，会う with their 是認. "Its 輪郭（を描く）," he says, "is uniform, without breaks, almost without difference, and always very low. At the first 見解（をとる） you take in an 巨大な distance; but beware of looking for any enjoyment. This search would be 単に wasting your strength, without finding the least 救済."
(*Footnote. Arago. Narrative of Voyage 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the World 1817 to 1820 Letter 53.)
The number of French 探検隊／遠征隊s that touched at one part or another of the western coast of Australia began to 誘発する something like 疑惑 in the English mind, and その結果 the British 政府 started to take a livelier 利益／興味 in that part of the continent. The 完成 of the 調査する of the whole coastline, so ably begun by Captain Flinders, was みなすd to be of 最大の importance, and in 1817 the Admiralty in 合同 with the 植民地の Office decided upon an 探検隊／遠征隊 for that 目的.* 中尉／大尉／警部補 Philip Parker King was 任命するd to the 命令（する）,** and from that date until 1822 was busily engaged in carrying out the work. In pursuance of his 指示／教授／教育s King left Sydney in December 1817, in the 切断機，沿岸警備艇 Mermaid, of only 84 トンs, having with him Allan Cunningham as botanist, and as officers 中尉／大尉／警部補s Bedwell and John Septimus 魚の卵,*** the latter of whom afterwards became the first Surveyor-General of the 植民地. The 切断機，沿岸警備艇 reached King George III Sound on 20 January 1818. Here King remained twelve days, which were spent in procuring 支持を得ようと努めるd and water and making さまざまな excursions into the surrounding country, giving 魚の卵 his first experience of what was afterwards to be his life's work--the 調査する of Western Australia. The usual directions led 負かす／撃墜する by the Admiralty about the 工場／植物ing of seeds were carried out, but without 永久の 影響, as three years later not a trace of the garden was to be 設立する. Leaving the Sound, King was 妨げるd by sickness の中で the 乗組員 from making any その上の examination until he reached the north-west coast.**** This was then 正確に charted and さまざまな points 指名するd. At the same time excursions to the 本土／大陸 were made at さまざまな places, and friendly intercourse, wherever possible, 設立するd with the natives. On 4 March he 錨，総合司会者d in Nicol Bay***** for the 目的 of making 研究s, and then went along the north coast and on to Timor, after leaving which he made all 速度(を上げる） 支援する to Sydney to 補充する the 蓄える／店s. Two important questions had been 始める，決める at 残り／休憩（する） by this voyage--the 開始s behind Rosemary Island and the nature of 先頭 Diemen's 湾.****** 借りがあるing to the loss of the 錨，総合司会者s, King 設立する it impossible to make a 詳細（に述べる）d examination of Exmouth 湾 or land upon Depuch Island,******* so favourably noticed by Peron. Many rivers, bays, and ports had been discovered, and the 探検 of the 内部の had 明らかにする／漏らすd good pastoral country. "The thickly-wooded shores of the north coast," says King, "bore a striking contrast to the sandy, 砂漠-looking tract we had 以前 seen, and 奮起させるd us with the hope of finding at some 未来 time a still greater 改良 of country between the two extremes."********
(*Footnote. Earl Bathurst to 知事 Macquarie 派遣（する） Number 87 8 February 1817 Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia series 1 容積／容量 9 page 207.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. King, P.P. Narrative of a 調査する of the の間の-熱帯の and Western Coasts of Australia 1818 to 1822 容積／容量 1 page 38.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 page 20.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 page 52.)
(******Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 pages 144 to 145.)
(*******Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 page 145.)
(*******Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 page 149.)
The Mermaid left Sydney on the second voyage in May 1819, and in the に引き続いて September reached Cambridge 湾, so 指名するd after the Duke of Cambridge.* Here King thought he had made a 広大な／多数の／重要な 発見, believing that it must 終結させる in a river of some 肉親，親類d. Instead of that he 設立する it barren and useless, the surrounding country 存在 devoid of vegetation, the 国／地域 sandy and salt, the water undrinkable, and the 湾 itself tailing off on all 味方するs into a 一連の mud flats. Leaving there he sailed 西方の along the north coast, 診察するing and 指名するing as he passed Sir Graham Moore Islands, （太陽，月の）食／失墜 Islands (from an （太陽，月の）食／失墜 of the moon taking place while there) Vansittart Bay, Admiralty 湾, and Port Warrender.** At this point King decided to leave the coast for the time, the scarcity of water and the absence of 準備／条項s having 原因（となる）d sickness の中で the 乗組員. He therefore 始める，決める sail for Timor, and thence returned to Sydney, having 診察するd on his trip a その上の 540 miles of the northern coastline. In the に引き続いて year a third voyage was undertaken for the 目的 of 延長するing the 調査する to Warrender, and in the course of this York Sound (after the Duke of York) Careening Bay (where the ship was 修理d) Prince Regent River, and many other places were 指名するd and 診察するd.*** A serious 漏れる in the 切断機，沿岸警備艇 compelled King to abandon the work, and he returned again to Sydney, arriving there at the end of the year, having 辛うじて escaped shipwreck at the 入り口 to the 長，率いるs. Unfortunately, 借りがあるing to the unseaworthiness of the 切断機，沿岸警備艇, the 量 of work done on this 調査する was but small. King's 願望（する） to 完全にする his 労働 was, however, unabated, and in 1821 he again left Sydney for the north-west coast, this time in the brig Bathurst, 購入（する）d for the 目的 by the 政府. With a larger 大型船 and an 増加するd 乗組員, the 探検隊／遠征隊 was much better equipped, and the 指揮官 was able to spend a longer time at the scene of his 操作／手術s. The coast, as far 負かす／撃墜する as Cape Latouche Treville,**** was 診察するd and s urveyed, after which King sailed across to the Mauritius to refit, returning at the end of 1821 to King George's Sound.***** From there he sailed along the west coast, checking many points of previous 調査するs until he arrived at the Swan River, where he 錨，総合司会者d for a while. 再開するing his voyage he 診察するd, with a good 取引，協定 of 正確, the 介入するing shore until he reached the Abrolhos, and finally Dirk Hartog Island. Here he landed and searched without success for Vlaming's plate,****** and then proceeded northward to Cape Leveque, thus 事実上 完全にするing the 調査する of the whole Western Australian coast from King George's Sound to Cambridge 湾, with the exception of that part lying between Depuch Island and Cape Villaret. What Cook, Bass, and Flinders had done for the eastern and southern coasts, King, に引き続いて upon the earlier Dutch, French, and English 航海士s, had done for the western and northern, so that the Admiralty was in 所有／入手 of 公正に／かなり 包括的な charts of the whole Australian coastline.
(*Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 pages 306 et seq.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 一時期／支部 8.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 pages 412 et seq.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 2 一時期／支部 2.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 2 page 119.)
(******Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 2 page 181.)
With 中尉／大尉／警部補 King the long line of discoverers may be said to have ended. 事実上 everything in the way of 内部の 探検 had yet to be undertaken, but the few voyages that afterwards took place to these shores were in the nature of looking for 満足な places of 解決／入植地 rather than of discovering new 領土, or else were for the 目的 of checking and 訂正するing 存在するing 調査するs.
ANNEXATION OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
Although the 存在 of the western 味方する of the continent had been known for certainly two, and かもしれない three, centuries, it was not until the third １０年間 of the nineteenth century--some forty years after the 創立／基礎 of the 植民地 of New South むちの跡s--that the British 政府 decided to take steps to 設立する a 解決／入植地 there. That the 事柄 had not 以前 engaged the attention of the Home 当局 was in all 見込み 予定 to the unsatisfactory 報告（する）／憶測s of the new 領土 brought 支援する by 航海士s, who, 限定するing themselves to the uninviting coastline, seem to have had neither the time nor the inclination to make any examination of the 内部の, and so 行方不明になるd the fertile inland 地区s. When, however, a strong 疑惑 arose that other nations were casting their 注目する，もくろむs に向かって the Southern Seas, the English 政府 seems to have realised that a few 解決／入植地s on the eastern coast would be みなすd scarcely 十分な, in the opinion of others, to 設立する a （人命などを）奪う，主張する to the whole of this 広大な continent as British 領土. There is very little 疑問 that the 解決／入植地s at King George's Sound and the Swan River were, in the first place, 予定 to the activity 存在 陳列する，発揮するd by the French in Australian waters.
It was rumoured that Captain Baudin had 熟視する／熟考するd 設立するing a 解決／入植地 on the southern coast or in Tasmania in 1802,* and an exhaustive examination of the north-west coast had, it will be remembered, been made by Freycinet in 1818. In 1825 we find that another 探検隊／遠征隊 consisting of the Thetis and Esperance, 命令（する）d それぞれ by De Bougainville and Du Camper, was 巡航するing along the southern coast. These voyages gave rise to the belief that フラン, recognising that 海上の 力／強力にする depended 大いに on the 所有／入手 of suitable 植民地s, was looking for the 適切な時期 of 設立するing a 解決／入植地 in Australia. The belief may have been その上の 強化するd by a 疑惑 that in the minds of Frenchmen the Napoleonic dream of an Indian conquest had not, perhaps, altogether 消えるd. In that 事例／患者 a 植民地 on the west coast of Australia would, in 合同 with the Mauritius, have formed a 戦略の base of some value. Such a 植民地 would also have been the means of introducing a formidable competitor into the 貿易（する） relations then 存在 fostered between India and the newly-設立するd penal 植民地 in New South むちの跡s. Whatever the 推論する／理由s may have been, there is no 疑問 that they 誘発するd in the minds of members of the British 政府 a 恐れる that the French were looking for suitable places of 解決／入植地 on the western coast of Australia. The 国務長官, Lord Goderich (afterwards Earl of Ripon) 令状ing in 1833 with regard more 特に to Western Australia, said:
"The 現在の 解決／入植地 at Swan River 借りがあるs its origin, as you may perhaps be aware, to 確かな 誤った rumours which had reached the 政府 of the 意向 of a foreign 力／強力にする to 設立する a 植民地 on the west coast of Australia. The design was for some time given up 完全に on the ground of public economy, and would not have been 再開するd but for the 申し込む／申し出 of a party of gentlemen to 乗る，着手する in an 請け負うing of this nature at their own 危険, upon receiving 広範囲にわたる 認めるs of land and on a 確かな degree of 保護 and 援助 for a 限られた／立憲的な period 存在 安全な・保証するd to them by this 政府."**
(*Footnote. Rusden, G.W. History of Australia 容積／容量 1 pages 326 et seq.)
(**Footnote. 派遣（する） to 知事 Stirling 8 March 1833 Number 21 とじ込み／提出するd in 知事's Office, Perth. See also Accounts and Papers 1840 容積／容量 33 page 69.)
その上の, Lord John Russell* tells us that, during his 任期 of the 植民地の Office, a gentleman 大（公）使館員d to the French 政府 called upon him and asked what part of Australia was （人命などを）奪う，主張するd by 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain, to which he replied, "the whole." As Russell was 国務長官 for the 植民地s from 1839 to 1841, it seems strange that that question should have been asked at so late a period, though it is possible that 科学の 研究s of French 航海士s at the beginning of the century may have been 現在の in the Frenchman's mind.
(*Footnote. Russell. Recollections and Suggestions 1875 page 203.)
Unfounded as the 疑惑s have since been 証明するd to be, they were undoubtedly strong enough at the time to move the British 当局 to take 活動／戦闘. The movements of the French were closely watched, and at the same time 解決／入植地 both in Australia and New Zealand was 押し進めるd on, so as to 奪う フラン of the chance of 伸び（る）ing a foothold on Australasian 国／地域.
The 恐れる of such a 可能性 原因（となる）d General Darling to draw the attention of the 国務長官 for the 植民地s to the 事柄 and ask that steps be taken to 回避する it. Recognising that in 事例／患者 of 論争 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain would have difficulty in 設立するing her （人命などを）奪う，主張する to the west coast, he 今後d a letter in which he said:*
"It will not be 平易な to 満足させる the French, if they are desirous of 設立するing themselves here, that there is any 反対 to their doing so on the west coast, and I therefore beg to 示唆する that the difficulty would be 除去するd by a （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 述べるing the whole 領土 as within the 政府."
(*Footnote. Rusden. History of Australia 容積／容量 2 page 6. Probably 含む／封じ込めるd in a letter to Under 長官 Hay, 時代遅れの 9 October 1826. See Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia 容積／容量 12 pages 639 and 700.)
(The 領土 of New South むちの跡s, it may be について言及するd, 延長するd 西方の only to the 135 degrees east longitude.) On 1 March 1826, the 国務長官, Lord Bathurst, 演説（する）／住所d one 派遣（する）s upon the 支配する to 知事 Darling, and, at the same time, wrote a more or いっそう少なく 私的な and confidential communication.* The first of these 派遣（する）s 教えるd the 知事 to 開始する 即座の 準備s for the 形式 of a 解決／入植地 at Western Port, using whatever means he might think best. In the second 派遣（する） Darling was 教えるd to endeavour to procure 訂正する （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 尊敬（する）・点ing the country すぐに 隣接するing Shark Bay, 表面上は for the 目的 of 設立するing a base to which 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, reconvicted of はしけ 罪，犯罪s at Botany Bay, might be sent and "that 所有／入手 may be 伸び（る）d of a port which it may hereafter be 設立する important to have 保持するd." In the 私的な communication the 長官 said:
"The sailing of two French ships on a voyage of 発見 have [sic] led to the consideration how far our distant 所有／入手s in the Australian seas may be prejudiced by any designs which the French may entertain of 設立するing themselves in that ４半期/4分の1, and more 特に on that part of the coast of New South むちの跡s which has not as yet received any colonists from this country. I allude to that line of coast which 延長するs to the 西方の from the western point of Bathurst Island in 129 degrees east longitude...As this tract of shore is understood to be for the most part barren and devoid of all circumstances which could 招待する a 解決／入植地, it is probable, if the French 政府 should entertain any serious 意向 of forming an 設立 on that 味方する of the continent, any island with so advantageous a port as Western Port would not be overlooked by them...In giving those 指示／教授／教育s you will 観察する that I have carefully 避けるd any 表現 which might be construed, in the event of the 指示／教授／教育s 存在 hereafter referred to, as an admission of there not having been a preoccupancy by us before the French may have 認める to 設立する themselves there, and you will 規制する your language accordingly. The 設立 to be formed at Shark Bay, is, as you are aware, partly for a different 反対する, but it is 平等に necessary that our 事業／計画（する）s in that ４半期/4分の1 should not be 心配するd."
(*Footnote. Published in Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia series 1 容積／容量 12 pages 192 to 194.)
The advice of Darling to 規制する his language probably explains why there was no public 布告／宣言 of any 意向 on the part of the 政府 to 設立する a 解決／入植地.
On 11 March a その上の 派遣（する）* was sent to the 知事 asking him also to have an examination made of the country around King George's Sound, as it might かもしれない 証明する a better locality than Shark Bay. In all probability these 派遣（する）s were 今後d by the same ship. At any 率, they were answered by Darling on 10 October 1826,** who 明言する／公表するd that in his opinion King George's Sound was 全く unfit for the 目的 even of a penal 解決／入植地, as the communication would be at all times tedious and difficult, and during a part of the year hardly practicable. Communication with Shark Bay would be still more difficult and very expensive. He 追加するd that he was 知らせるd that the country around both Shark Bay and King George's Sound was perfectly barren and destitute of vegetation, and 結論するd, "the French would, therefore, find it difficult to 持続する themselves at either of these places."
(*Footnote. Published in Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia series 1 容積／容量 12 page 218.)
(**Footnote. Ibid series 1 容積／容量 12 pages 639 to 641.)
Notwithstanding his 表現 of opinion, however, he took 即座の steps for the 目的 of carrying the 指示／教授／教育s of the Home 政府 into 影響. Three 場所／位置s for occupancy were 決定するd upon--at Raffles Bay, Western Port, and King George's Sound--and on 9 November H.M.S. 飛行機で行く, …を伴ってd by the brigs Dragon and 友好, sailed from Sydney to 設立する 解決／入植地s at Western Port and King George's Sound.* The 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 for the Sound was on the 友好, and was under the 命令（する） of Major Lockyer, of the 59th 連隊, who had with him Captain Wakefield and a detachment of the 39th 連隊, 同様に as twenty-four 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. In the 指示／教授／教育s given to Lockyer** he was told "to 避ける any 表現 of 疑問 as to the whole of New Holland 存在 within this 政府, any 分割 of it which may be supposed to 存在する under the 任命 of New South むちの跡s 存在 単に ideal, and ーするつもりであるd only with a 見解（をとる） of distinguishing the more settled part of the country. Should this explanation not 証明する 満足な it will be proper in that 事例／患者 to 言及する them to this 政府 for any その上の （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） they may 要求する." If it should so happen that a 上陸 had already been 影響d by the French, "you will, notwithstanding, land the 軍隊／機動隊s agreeably to your 指示／教授／教育s, and signify that their continuance with any 見解（をとる） of 設立するing themselves, or colonisation, would be considered an 正統化できない 侵入占拠 on his Britannic Majesty's 所有／入手." The party arrived at King George's Sound on Christmas Day, 1826, and 上陸 on the に引き続いて morning proceeded to select a position for the 解決／入植地. The exact 位置／汚点／見つけ出す where the British 旗 was hoisted, from which the whole of Western Australia was （人命などを）奪う，主張するd as belonging to the 栄冠を与える, is unfortunately not 正確に known. It was somewhere at the base of either 開始する Clarence or 開始する Melville, 近づく both of which there still 存在する some 指示，表示する物s of the 早期に 解決／入植地. Very meagre （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the little 植民地 is 利用できる beyond the diary kept by Ma jor Lockyer*** during the first four months of its 存在. From this we learn that the Sound was used 大部分は by American and other sealers and whalers, who plied their vocation の中で the islands along the south coast and as far up the western coast as Rottnest Island. With these Lockyer had, from time to time, a good 取引，協定 of trouble 借りがあるing to their ill-治療 of the natives. From the 条件 of the 解決／入植地 in 1831, when the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were 孤立した and the 設立 placed under the Swan River 政府, it is 明らかな that very little 進歩 was made during the four years of its 存在. This was probably 予定 to the fact that it was far 除去するd from civilisation, and was wholly 扶養家族 for 供給（する）s and （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） upon 時折の visits of ships from Sydney. The 国／地域 does not appear to have lent itself to such desultory 試みる／企てるs at cultivation as were carried on. The poor results from tillage may be 計器d from the fact that on more than one occasion the colonists were 減ずるd to privation 借りがあるing to the 延期するd arrival of 大型船s with food 供給（する）s. Lockyer returned to Sydney in April 1827, leaving Captain Wakefield in 命令（する）. This officer was 後継するd in turn by Captain Barker, who 保持するd 支配（する）／統制する until the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were 孤立した, and the idea of a penal 解決／入植地 abandoned. This took place by 布告／宣言 時代遅れの 7 March 1831. The 撤退 of 軍隊／機動隊s and 罪人／有罪を宣告するs was 予定 to さまざまな 原因（となる）s. One of the 条件s laid 負かす／撃墜する by the 政府 in 1828 regarding the then 提案するd 解決／入植地 at Swan River was that no 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were to be sent there. Those who entered upon the 計画／陰謀 did not その結果 relish the presence of a 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立 within the 国境s of the 領土. Then the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 問題／発行するd to Captain Stirling as 知事, and which was 時代遅れの 5 March 1831, 述べるd the 植民地 as that 部分 of Australia lying west of the 129th meridian of eastern longitude, and therefore 解決／入植地 under other 支配（する）／統制する could scarcely continue to 存在する. その上の, 知事 Stirling wished t o settle colonists in the southern 部分s of the 明言する／公表する (as may be seen from part of a 派遣（する） to the 国務長官 時代遅れの 30 January 1830). In this he says:
"In obedience to 指示／教授／教育s directed to me under date of December 30 I am desirous of attracting 植民／開拓者s to 占領する the country in the southern 地区s of this 領土, and I ーするつもりである すぐに to 服従させる／提出する for public 選択 and 占領／職業 lands 据えるd in the direction of King George's Sound. At 現在の a 軍の 地位，任命する is 持続するd there, and which is under the 命令（する） of General Darling. I therefore take the liberty to 示唆する that the 現在の Commandant and his party should be 除去するd, and the 義務s of that 駅／配置する be committed to an officer and a small party of 兵士s from the detachment serving under the Officer 命令（する）ing the 軍隊／機動隊s in this 解決／入植地."
(*Footnote. 派遣（する） Number 95 Darling to Lord Bathurst 24 November 1826 published in Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia series 1 容積／容量 12 page 699.)
(**Footnote. Secret 指示／教授／教育s to Major Lockyer 4 November 1826. See Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia series 1 容積／容量 12 page 701.)
(***Footnote. This diary is in the 所有／入手 of the Public Library of New South むちの跡s and a typed copy is とじ込み／提出するd in the Public Library of Western Australia.)
This course was 認可するd by the Home 当局, and Stirling was 知らせるd, in a 派遣（する） 時代遅れの 20 July 1830, that General Darling had been so 教えるd. These 指示／教授／教育s were carried out 早期に in the に引き続いて March, and on the 7th of that month, as 明言する／公表するd above, the 解決／入植地 at the Sound was brought under the 支配（する）／統制する of the Western Australian 政府.
Almost すぐに after the 出発 of Lockyer from Sydney, the arrival there of the corvette Astrolabe, which had spent the greater part of the month of October at King George's Sound, かなり accentuated the 恐れる of French 併合. In 知事 Darling's opinion this new fact made the necessity for some 限定された British 解決／入植地 on the west coast more insistent. Fortunately the 適切な時期 of taking the 初期の steps に向かって that end was ready to 手渡す.
報告（する）／憶測s had been received by the 国務長官 in England to the 影響 that the 解決／入植地 設立するd at Melville Island on the northern coast in 1824 was ありそうもない to realise 期待s. In consequence Lord Bathurst directed the 知事 of New South むちの跡s to send a man-of-war to the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す, with orders to the captain to 除去する the 解決／入植地, if necessary, to a more suitable 場所／位置, preferably one その上の eastward.* The man-of-war at Sydney when the 派遣（する） arrived was H.M.S. Success, 命令（する）d by Captain Stirling. 知事 Darling, so far as the 記録，記録的な／記録するs show, appears to have communicated Lord Bathurst's wishes to Captain Stirling in an informal, 非公式の way, for the first intimation we have of their 領収書 is in the form of two letters from Stirling to the 知事, in the first of which--時代遅れの 8 December 1826--it was pointed out that the north-west monsoonal rains would 干渉する with the 除去 of the Melville Island 解決／入植地 until after April; in the other--時代遅れの 14 December**--Stirling 示唆するd that he should 雇う the ship during the interval in making an examination of the Swan River, which had been 調査するd by the French in 1803 and 1804. In the 起訴 of these considerations, he says, "確かな ideas have been 示唆するd to me by professional 観察, 親族 to the necessity of すぐに 掴むing a 所有／入手 upon the western coast of this island 近づく Swan River." He 結論するs his letter with this 声明:
"Finally, Sir, at a time when we have one French 大型船 of war with 反対するs not 明確に understood, and with one American 大型船 of war 存在 also in this neighbourhood 捜し出すing a place for a 解決／入植地, it becomes important to 妨げる them from 占領するing a position of such value, 特に as you were pleased to say that His Majesty's 政府 is desirous of not 存在 心配するd in such 見解（をとる）s by any foreign 力／強力にする."
(*Footnote. 派遣（する） from Bathurst to Darling, 7 April 1826, and Under 長官 Hay to John Barrow, 長官 to the Admiralty, 6 April 1826 published in Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia series 1 容積／容量 12 pages 224 et seq.)
(*Footnote. These two letters are published in the Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia series 1 容積／容量 12 pages 775 to 780.)
On 18 December the 知事 今後d a 派遣（する） to Lord Bathurst,* 明言する／公表するing that he had agreed to Captain Stirling's 提案, "as it is of 広大な／多数の／重要な importance that so advantageous a position should not be taken 所有／入手 of by the French...At the same time if the French meditated a 解決／入植地 in New Holland, Swan River, from the accounts given of it by Captain Stirling, should not be neglected."
(*Footnote. Stirling to Lord Bathurst ibid pages 773 to 775.)
On 17 January, therefore, the Success, under 命令（する） of Captain Stirling, and having on board Mr. Charles Fraser, the 植民地の Botanist, left Sydney with a 見解（をとる） of making up the French 調査する 欠陥／不足s, and of 診察するing 完全に to country in the 周辺 of Swan River. During the 早期に part of the voyage she was …を伴ってd by a 切断機，沿岸警備艇, whose sailing 質s, however, turned out to be inferior; その結果 the 大型船s parted company, the smaller （手先の）技術 存在 教えるd to make for King George's Sound, for the 解決／入植地 at which she was carrying 準備／条項s. On 4 March Stirling sighted land and 一連の会議、交渉／完成するd Cape Leeuwin. "The first 外見 of the coast we were now to 調査する," he 令状s,* "現在のd nothing attractive; the monotony of its 輪郭（を描く） and the dusky hue of the meagre vegetation it supported at once accounted for the sterile and hopeless character せいにするd by 早期に 航海士s to this 地域." On the に引き続いて day Rottnest Island was reached and 調査するd, and on 6 March 1827 the Success 錨，総合司会者d off the south 長，率いる of Swan River. 早期に on the morning of the 8th, Stirling started to carry out the real 反対するs of the 探検隊／遠征隊, which were "to proceed, if possible, to the source of the river--to 診察する the banks and the depth of the water, to 直す／買収する，八百長をする on an 適格の 位置／汚点／見つけ出す for a 解決／入植地, to ascertain the 生産／産物s of the country, the nature of the 国／地域, and the practicability of forming a harbour for shipping."
(*Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 to 知事 Darling 時代遅れの 18 April 1827; 今後d to 国務長官 for the 植民地s enclosed in Darling's 派遣（する） of 21 April 1827, Number 56.)
For the 目的 of 実行するing these 指示／教授／教育s, the ship's gig and 切断機，沿岸警備艇 were 準備／条項d for a fortnight and 井戸／弁護士席 武装した, after which, under the 命令（する） of Captain Stirling, they proceeded up the river. Mr. Fraser formed one of the party. No difficulties were met with until they reached the flats above Heirisson Islands (the 場所／位置 of the 現在の Perth Causeway) where the water was too shallow to float the boats, which had to be 荷を降ろすd and drawn across. After that, the way was tolerably 平易な, and on the 13th they arrived at what they みなすd to be the source.
During the course of the trip two gardens were 工場／植物d about fifteen miles from the mouth, and after some trouble friendly intercourse was 設立するd with the natives. The 国／地域 along the banks was 診察するd, and an 豊富 of fresh water 設立する. An ascent of the hills, to which the 指名する General Darling 範囲 was given, was made by Mr. Fraser. The 切断機，沿岸警備艇 then returned to the ship, leaving the gig, with 中尉／大尉／警部補 Belches in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金, to make a hurried examination of a 支流 river (the Canning) to which the French had given the 指名する Moreau Inlet. After her return, the 乗組員 of the フリゲート艦 was 雇うd 調査するing the islands of Rottnest, Berthollet (now Carnac) and Buache, 同様に as the 隣接する 激しく揺するs. On Buache a garden was 工場／植物d (from which probably the 現在の 指名する Garden Island was derived) and some cattle and sheep left there. The Success sailed for Geographe Bay on 21 March. Here Stirling remained until the 25th, when he 始める，決める his course for King George's Sound, which was reached on April 2. He remained at the 解決／入植地, which did not come up to his 期待s, until two days later, when he left for Sydney, arriving in Port Jackson on the 15th of the same month, having been absent about three months.
So far as their 報告（する）／憶測s go,* both Captain Stirling and Mr. Fraser seem to have been 大いに impressed with the 可能性s of the newly-診察するd country. The latter, who had certainly greater experience in 裁判官ing, was, if possible, the more pronounced in his good opinion, and there is no 疑問 that his opinion was 大部分は relied upon when the question of colonisation was under discussion. In 結論するing his 報告（する）／憶測 upon the natural history, 国／地域, etc, of the Swan River 地区, he says:**
"In 配達するing my opinion on the whole of the lands seen on the banks of the Swan, I hesitate not in pronouncing it superior to any I have seen in New South むちの跡s eastward of the Blue Mountains, not only in its 地元の 状況／情勢, but in many 存在するing advantages which it 持つ／拘留するs out to 植民／開拓者s, すなわち:
1. The evident 優越 of the 国／地域. 2. The 施設 with which 植民／開拓者s can bring their farms into a 明言する／公表する of culture from the open 明言する／公表する of the country, the trees not 普通の／平均（する）ing more than ten to the acre. 3. The 広大な／多数の／重要な advantage of freshwater springs of the best 質, and consequent 永久の 湿度 of the 国／地域, two advantages not 存在するing eastward of the Blue Mountains. 4. The advantage of water carriage to their own doors and the 非，不，無-存在 of 妨害s to land carriage."
(*Footnote. It may be 利益／興味ing to 公式文書，認める that Stirling 示唆するd the 指名する Hesperia for Western Australia, as 示すing a country looking に向かって the setting sun.)
(**Footnote. 観察s on the 国／地域, etc, of Swan River enclosed with Stirling's 報告（する）／憶測 of 17 April 1827.)
These favourable 報告（する）／憶測s so impressed General Darling that he 今後d, on 21 April 1827, a 派遣（する） (Number 56)* in which he 堅固に advised the Home 政府 to 設立する a 解決／入植地 at Swan River as quickly as possible. In this 派遣（する） he pointed out the advantages which Swan River appeared to 所有する. Its 気候 made it suitable as a convalescent 駅／配置する for 無効のs from India, and the distance to it from that country could be covered in a comparatively short time. It 所有するd amongst other natural advantages good water and excellent 国／地域, whilst, although the 入り口 to the river itself was shallow, there were good 外部の 船の停泊地s at Gage Roads and Cockburn Sound. As Captain Stirling's 報告（する）／憶測 might find its way into the French papers, he 勧めるd that if the 政府 had any 意向 of forming a 解決／入植地 at Swan River no time should be lost in taking the necessary steps.
(*Footnote. Published in Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia series 1 容積／容量 13 page 264.)
Stirling's 報告（する）／憶測 and the 知事's 派遣（する） appear to have been 伝えるd to England by Stirling in person, and were 今後d by the 植民地の Office to the Admiralty for an opinion in regard to the 形式 of a 解決／入植地 at Swan River. The 長官 to the Admiralty, whilst admitting the physical advantages 詳細（に述べる）d by Captain Stirling and Mr. Fraser, was of opinion that the 予期s of 商業の intercourse with India were fallacious, and that it was 疑わしい whether it was advisable to form a 解決／入植地 on the west while so many millions of acres of rich country remained unoccupied on the eastern 味方する. The 報告（する）／憶測 結論するs with this 声明:
"No other 動機, I conceive, than the political one of 妨げるing other nations, as the French or Americans, of 所有するing themselves of the south-west corner of New Holland, should induce us to 心配する them; and even in the event of its 落ちるing into the 手渡すs of the one or other of these 力／強力にするs, it would be a long 一連の years before they could give our other 植民地s much annoyance."*
(*Footnote. Letter from 長官 to the Admiralty to Mr. Under 長官 Horton 15 October 1827.)
After consideration of the さまざまな 報告（する）／憶測s and opinions 取引，協定ing with the question, the 国務長官 for the 植民地s wrote to 知事 Darling on 28 January 1828,* reviewing the 逆の 報告（する）／憶測 from the Admiralty, and 結論するing:
"Under these circumstances I am of opinion that it would be inexpedient, on the 得点する／非難する／２０ of expense, to 占領する this part of the coast, and that it is unnecessary, with a 見解（をとる） to any 緊急の 利益／興味, to 試みる／企てる any new 解決／入植地 at 現在の in that ４半期/4分の1...I shall not fail, however, to apprise the East India Company of the circumstances …に出席するing the 発見 of Swan River in 事例／患者 they should consider it advisable to make any 解決／入植地s there, but, I am not away of any 十分な 動機 to induce them to 乗る，着手する in an 請け負うing of this nature."
(*Footnote. Published in Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia series 1 容積／容量 13 pages 739 to 740.)
Two days later another 派遣（する）* was 今後d in which it was hinted that the same 原因（となる）s would probably induce the 政府 to 身を引く the 解決／入植地 which had been formed at King George's Sound, but that if it were finally decided to 持続する that 解決／入植地, then, in all probability, the 決定／判定勝ち（する） not to 設立する a 植民地 at Swan River would be reviewed. In this 派遣（する） the 国務長官 について言及するd that he had asked the East India Company whether there was any disposition on their part to 請け負う the colonisation of Western Australia. The Company, however, was not 用意が出来ている to 落ちる in with the idea,** and for the time 存在 the 提案 to 設立する the 植民地 was 棚上げにするd on grounds of economy.*** This 決定／判定勝ち（する） was 伝えるd by the 植民地の Office to Captain Stirling, but it does not appear to have dissuaded him from continuing his solicitations for the 設立 of the new 植民地.
(*Footnote. Published in Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia series 1 容積／容量 13 pages 741 to 742.)
(**Footnote. Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office Swan River Papers 容積／容量 1.)
(***Footnote. Hay to Stirling 2 January 1833. 公式文書，認める. Mr. Horace Twiss was member for Wootton-Basset from 1820 to 1830, and from 1828 to 1830 was Under 長官 for War and the 植民地s in the 省 of the Duke of Wellington.)
In May and June 1828, a 再建 of the British 政府 took place, under which Sir George Murray 取って代わるd Mr. Huskisson as 国務長官 for War and the 植民地s, and Mr. Horace Twiss became Under 長官. The last-指名するd appears to have been to some extent a personal friend of Captain Stirling, and it was probably through him that Stirling was induced once more to approach the 政府 with the idea of forming a 植民地. On 30 July 1828,* he 演説（する）／住所d a long letter to the 植民地の Office, in which he said, の間の alia,
"The French, under the 命令（する） of M. Baudin, at the beginning of this century, visited that shore (that is, Western Australia) and （判決などを）下すd an account of it more circumstantial, but 平等に unfavourable...as that of the Dutch. The 報告（する）／憶測 which I had the honour to make last year to His Majesty's 政府 異なるs so 広範囲にわたって from that of the 先行する Dutch and French 航海士s, that it will scarcely be believed that we 請け負う to 述べる the same country. For while they 報告（する）／憶測 the country as sterile, forbidding, and inhospitable, I 代表する it as the land out of all that I have seen in さまざまな ４半期/4分の1s of the world that 所有するs the greatest natural attractions."
(*Footnote. Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office Swan River Papers 容積／容量 1.)
He went on to 述べる the character of the country, and 結論するd:
"The above-について言及するd 推薦s point it out as a 位置／汚点／見つけ出す so 適格の for 解決／入植地 that it cannot long remain unoccupied...as, by its position, it 命令（する）s 施設s for carrying on 貿易（する） with India and the Malay 群島 同様に as with 中国, and as it is, moreover, favourably circumstanced for the 器具／備品 of 巡洋艦s for the annoyance of 貿易（する） in those seas, some foreign 力／強力にする may see the advantage of taking 所有／入手 should His Majesty's 政府 leave it unappropriated."
On the 領収書 of this letter, Stirling's 初めの 報告（する）／憶測 was 明らかに looked up, and the whole question resubmitted to the Admiralty. The 長官 to the Admiralty, after a conversation with Captain Stirling, more 特に 関心ing the 長所s of Swan River as compared with King George's Sound, 展示（する）d a 完全にする 逆転 of the previous Admiralty opinion, and in reply to the 植民地の Office (under date 2 August)* said:
"I think there 要求するs no hesitation in transferring the 設立 at the former (King George's Sound) to the latter place (Swan River) and perhaps the sooner the better, as the 出版（物） of the chart 含む／封じ込めるing so 罰金 an 船の停泊地, 完全に overlooked by the French 航海士s, may induce that nation, or the Americans, who are prowling about for some detached 解決／入植地, to assume 所有／入手 of the only 位置／汚点／見つけ出す on the western coast of New Holland that is at all 招待するing for such 目的, to which we could have no 権利 to 申し込む／申し出 any 抵抗."
(*Footnote. Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office Swan River Papers 容積／容量 1.)
On 21 August Captain Stirling and Major Moody of the 王室の engineers 今後d a communication to the 植民地の Office, in which is given the first hint of the 可能性 of the 形式 of an 協会 for the 目的s of colonisation.* They asked whether, under such circumstances, the 協会 could 安全な・保証する a proprietary 借り切る／憲章 upon the 原則s 類似の to those 可決する・採択するd in Pennsylvania and Georgia. The 政府 would not agree to consider any 提案 along these lines, "as it was みなすd 望ましい to 演習 a more 即座の 支配（する）／統制する over the 解決／入植地 by 政府 than by such an 協定 it would 所有する."** The 植民地の Office and the Admiralty 連合させるd 示唆するd, however, that Captain Stirling should make その上の 調査s with regard to the question of an 協会, and that he did so is evident from a letter 時代遅れの 22 October,*** part of which reads:
"But, notwithstanding this favourable inclination, 反対s are made against the 企業 at 現在の, upon the に引き続いて points. In the first place there is no （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） extant, under 当局, either as to the 正確な 意向s of the 政府, or of the nature of that 領土, nor do any 準備s 存在する there for the 歓迎会 of 植民／開拓者s. In the second place, His Majesty's 権利 to that country has never been 宣言するd, and as it is 報告（する）／憶測d that the French 政府 熟視する／熟考するs the 形式 of a 解決／入植地 in New Holland, the 逮捕 is entertained that an 探検隊／遠征隊 訴訟／進行 there might find, on its arrival, the best positions 占領するd, and its 目的（とする） 敗北・負かすd, to the total 廃虚 of the 所有物／資産／財産 engaged in it...I take the liberty of 示唆するing that (the difficulties) may be obviated by 派遣（する）ing at once a ship of war to that ４半期/4分の1. 所有／入手 might thus be taken of the country, 調査するs 開始するd, and 手はず／準備 made for the 歓迎会 of 植民／開拓者s."
(*Footnote. Stirling and Moody to Hay. Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office Swan River Papers 容積／容量 1.)
(**Footnote. Sir George Murray in the House of ありふれたs 1 May 1829. Hansard new series 容積／容量 21 page 913.)
(***Footnote. Stirling to Twiss Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office Swan River Papers 容積／容量 1.)
The latter suggestion bore 即座の fruit, as, on 5 November, the Admiralty was 教えるd by the 国務長官 for the 植民地s* to order the officer 命令（する）ing the 海軍の 軍隊s at the Cape to 派遣（する） one of the ships of war under his 命令（する）, without loss of time, to the coast of New Holland, with directions to take formal 所有／入手 in His Majesty's 指名する, and with the その上の direction that the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す should be at or 近づく the Swan River, and that 連続する 所有／入手 be 持続するd until the arrival of その上の advices.
(*Footnote. 長官 to Admiralty In-letters Number 4242.)
These 指示／教授／教育s were すぐに put in 手渡す, and directions were 今後d to Commodore Schomberg, the officer 命令（する）ing the 海軍の 軍隊s at the Cape, to 詳細（に述べる） H.M.S. Tweed for the 目的 of carrying them out.* Some weeks later it was decided to alter that 協定, and Commodore Schomberg was 知らせるd that if the 挑戦者 arrived at the Cape before the Tweed had left there for Swan River, she was to carry out the 指示／教授／教育s in place of the latter 大型船, but that if the Tweed had already sailed, then the 挑戦者 should remain at the Cape in her place.** In 一致 with 指示／教授／教育s, the 挑戦者, under Captain Fremantle, left London in December 1828, and upon arrival at the Cape in the に引き続いて March she was directed to proceed to Swan River, and reached Cockburn Sound on 27 April 1829.*** On the morning of 2 May "Captain Freemantle [sic] and 中尉／大尉／警部補 Henry went with a party to Swan River and took formal 所有／入手 of the west coast of New Holland in the 指名する of his Brittanic [sic] Majesty."****
(*Footnote. Letter sent from 長官 to the Admiralty to Commodore Schomberg 時代遅れの 7 November 1828. This letter also 明言する／公表するd that H.M.S. 挑戦者 would be sent out to the Cape to 取って代わる H.M.S. Tweed. 長官 to Admiralty Out-letters Number 1589.)
(**Footnote. Two letters from 長官 to Admiralty to Commodore Schomberg both 時代遅れの 2 December 1828. Admiralty Out-letters Number 1589.)
(***Footnote. 定期刊行物 of the 訴訟／進行s of H.M.S. 挑戦者 from 10 March to 29 August 1829 Captains' 定期刊行物s Number 3096.)
(****Footnote. Ibid under date 2 May 1829.)
Although this 活動／戦闘 始める，決める at 残り／休憩（する） the question of actual 所有／入手, there does not appear to have been at that time (November 1828) a 限定された 決定／判定勝ち（する） to 設立する a 植民地 forthwith. Such a step was, however, decided upon within the に引き続いて month, and was 加速するd by the fact that Captain Stirling's suggestion to form a 企業連合（する） had taken 限定された 形態／調整 in the 合間.
At 現在の we are only 関心d with the 申し込む／申し出 of this 企業連合（する） to the extent that it seems to have 供給するd the 付加 factor necessary to enable the 政府 to （不足などを）補う its mind on the question. On 12 November the 国務長官 for the 植民地s 演説（する）／住所d a letter to the Admiralty* asking that a ship be 供給するd for the 目的 of 伝えるing a detachment of 軍隊／機動隊s and other persons to the western coast of New Holland, "where it is ーするつもりであるd to form a British 解決／入植地"; and on 29 November the 指揮官-in-長，指導者 of the Army, Lord Hill, was asked to 供給する a detachment "to be held in 準備完了 for embarkation for the western coast of New Holland, where His Majesty's 政府 裁判官 it advisable to 設立する a British 解決／入植地."** 裁判官ing from a letter, 時代遅れの 28 December,*** Captain Stirling was 本人自身で 知らせるd that he was to be 任命するd to the 命令（する） of the new 解決／入植地, but the formal 任命 was not made until the 30th.**** On the に引き続いて day the 行政の 設立 was 任命するd.*****
(*Footnote. Admiralty In-letters Number 4242.)
(**Footnote. 引用するd in letter from Lord Hill to Sir George Murray 3 December 1828 Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office Swan River Papers 容積／容量 1.)
(***Footnote. Stirling to R.W. Hay Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office Swan River Papers 容積／容量 1.)
(****Footnote. Sir George Murray to Stirling 30 December 1828 植民地の Office Western Australian 入ること／参加（者） 調書をとる／予約するs 容積／容量 1.)
(*****Footnote. Hay to Stirling 31 December 1828 ibid.)
Although the 提案 of the 企業連合（する） seems to have given just that 付加 負わせる necessary to tip the 規模 in favour of colonisation, the 主要な／長／主犯 推論する／理由, によれば the 文書の 証拠, was a recrudescence of the 恐れる of French 併合, because we find that when the 決定／判定勝ち（する） had been arrived at and the 手はず／準備 完全にするd, the Commissioners of the 財務省 were asked to 供給する the necessary 財政上の 援助 on that ground alone. A letter from the 植民地の Office to the 財務省, 時代遅れの 31 December 1828, 明言する／公表するs that:
"Intimation having been received that the French 政府 are 用意が出来ている to colonise some part of the west coast of New Holland, and 特に that 部分 隣接するing to the river lately 調査するd by Captain Stirling, the 国務長官 has thought it expedient to send out that officer to form a small 解決／入植地 in that ４半期/4分の1, to which such persons may advantageously 訴える手段／行楽地 as may be desirous of 設立するing themselves in a 気候 as favourable as New South むちの跡s, and a 国／地域 as 約束ing, without the disadvantages which attach to a penal 植民地."*
(**Footnote. R.W. Hay to G.R. Dawson 31 December 1828 Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office Swan River Papers 容積／容量 1.)
付加 証拠 of the fact may also be 設立する in the 派遣（する） 今後d to 知事 Darling of New South むちの跡s on 12 January 1829.* After 製図／抽選 the 知事's attention to a previous 派遣（する） of January 1828, in which he was 知らせるd of the grounds which induced the 政府 at that time to 放棄する all idea of colonising the west coast of New Holland, the 国務長官 goes on to say, "Circumstances have since occurred to （判決などを）下す the 占領／職業 of the position 望ましい."
(**Footnote. 植民地の Office New South むちの跡s 入ること／参加（者）-調書をとる／予約するs 容積／容量 10.)
It seems perfectly （疑いを）晴らす, therefore, that 事実上 the only 推論する／理由 for colonisation was the 恐れる of French 併合, though it is doubtful whether that 恐れる would have been 十分に strong to 原因（となる） the 政府 to come to a 決定／判定勝ち（する） had there not been the 申し込む／申し出 of the 企業連合（する）. This 証明するd that there were, in England, men of 財政上の 安定 who were 確信して that a new 植民地 on the west coast could be made successful. We may perhaps 追加する to these 推論する／理由s a その上の 動機 which seems to underlie all the correspondence, すなわち, the knowledge that 存在するd in the minds of the members of the 政府 that one or two small 解決／入植地s on the eastern 味方する of this 広大な／多数の／重要な island could not, によれば the canons of international 法律, be みなすd to be 十分な to enable 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain to 持続する 首尾よく a （人命などを）奪う，主張する to the whole of the continent.
NOTE.
派遣（する）s 事前の to June 1829, passing between the 国務長官 and the 知事 of New South むちの跡s, 親族 to the colonisation of Swan River, are printed in the Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia, published by the 連邦／共和国 政府. The 初めのs of those from the 国務長官 to the 知事 of Western Australia その後の to June 1829 (the 創立／基礎 of the 植民地) are とじ込み／提出するd in the office of the 知事 at Perth. The duplicate copies of 派遣（する）s from the 知事 of Western Australia to the 国務長官 up to 1856 are in the 所有／入手 of the Public Library of Western Australia, in which 会・原則 are also とじ込み／提出するd copies of letters other than 派遣（する）s, the 初めのs of which are in the Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office or the 植民地の Office.
COLONISATION AND EARLY SETTLEMENT.
The British 政府 having decided to proceed with the 解決／入植地 at Swan River, it became necessary to draw up the 条件s under which the new 植民地 was to enter upon its 存在. It is more than probable--in fact, によれば Lord Ripon's 声明 it is 確かな --that the でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるing of these 条件s was both 影響（力）d and 促進するd by a 提案 made by the 企業連合（する） について言及するd in the 先行する 一時期／支部. This consisted of Mr. Thomas Peel (a 親族 of Sir Robert Peel, the then Home 長官) Sir Francis Vincent, Mr. E.W.H. Schenley, and 陸軍大佐 T. Potter MacQueen.
These gentlemen appear to have been led to 明確に表す their 計画／陰謀 through the favourable 報告（する）／憶測s of the country given by Captain Stirling. By a 記念の 時代遅れの 14 November 1828,* they 申し込む／申し出d to send out and settle in the neighbourhood of the Swan River 10,000 persons chosen from England, Scotland, and Ireland, and to find them in 準備／条項s and other necessaries usually 許すd to emigrants; also to bring to the 解決／入植地 1000 長，率いる of horned 在庫／株, and to arrange for three small 大型船s to run subsequently between Sydney and Swan River as occasion might 要求する, the 請け負うing to be 完全にするd within four years. In 支払い（額） of their expenses, which they 概算の at 30 続けざまに猛撃するs per 長，率いる of the people taken out, they 表明するd themselves willing to take 認めるs of land at a valuation of 1 shilling and 6 pence per acre, and they その上の 約束d to 供給する proper surveyors for the 目的 of 配分するing to every male not いっそう少なく than 200 acres of land from the 量 they were to receive. The 反対するs which the 企業連合（する） had in 見解（をとる）, and for which such large tracts of land were 要求するd, were said to be the cultivation of cotton, タバコ, sugar, flax, and さまざまな 麻薬s for which the 気候 was ふさわしい; the 後部ing of horses for the East Indian 貿易（する）; and the 設立 of large herds of cattle and swine for the 目的 of 供給（する）ing His Majesty's or other shipping with salt 準備／条項s.
(*Footnote. Accounts and Papers 1829 容積／容量 24 Swan River 解決／入植地 pages 3 to 4 記念の from Peel and others to Sir George Murray. 公式文書，認める. The date of the 記念の is given in the 議会の Paper as 4 November but in the 植民地の Office reply to the 記念の 時代遅れの 6 December it 明言する／公表するs that it is an answer to a "記念の 時代遅れの 14th of last month.")
The English 政府 looked favourably upon the 提案s, but was not inclined to accede to the whole of the requests made by the 企業連合（する）. After some 延期する through その上の correspondence, a reply to the 記念の was sent by the 植民地の Office to Mr. Peel on 6 December 1828,* in which it was pointed out that the 政府 was averse to any 実験 upon such a large 規模 as that 提案するd, on account of the 広範囲にわたる 苦しめる which would be occasioned should the 請け負うing fail. For that 推論する／理由 it was considered necessary to 限界 the 認める requested to a 最大限 of one million acres (instead of the four million acres 適用するd for by the 企業連合（する）). Half a million would be allotted as soon as the first 大型船 sent out by the 企業連合（する） arrived in the new 植民地, such 大型船 to 含む／封じ込める not いっそう少なく than 400 persons of both sexes, in the 割合 of not いっそう少なく than five 女性（の）s to six males. 供給するd this 認める should have been covered by 投資s in 一致 with the 規則s of the new 植民地 before the 満期 of 1840, the remaining 500,000 acres would be allotted by degrees as fresh 植民／開拓者s and その上の 資本／首都 were introduced. 優先 of choice to the extent of 100,000 acres would be 許すd to Captain Stirling, upon whose 報告（する）／憶測s it had been 決定するd to 設立する the 解決／入植地.
(*Footnote. Accounts and Papers 1829 容積／容量 24 Swan River 解決／入植地 page 6 Hay to Peel and others.)
The 規則s* referred to were those 含む／封じ込めるd in a circular 時代遅れの 5 December, setting 前へ／外へ the 条件 on which the 政府 was 用意が出来ている to 補助装置 colonists:
"Although it is the 意向 of His Majesty's 政府 to form a 解決／入植地 on the western coast of Australia, the 政府 do not ーするつもりである to 背負い込む any EXPENSE in 伝えるing 植民／開拓者s or in 供給（する）ing them with necessaries after their arrival.
"Such persons, however, as may be 用意が出来ている to proceed to that country, at their own cost, before the end of the year 1829, in parties comprehending a 割合 of not いっそう少なく than five 女性（の） to six male 植民／開拓者s, will receive 認めるs of land in 料金 simple (解放する／自由な of やめる rent) 割合d to the 資本／首都 which they may 投資する upon public or 私的な 反対するs in the 植民地 to the satisfaction of His Majesty's 政府 at home, certified by the Superintendent or officer 治めるing the 植民地の 政府, at the 率 of 40 acres for every sum of 3 続けざまに猛撃するs so 投資するd, 供給するd they give previous 安全; first, that all 供給（する）s sent to the 植民地, whether of 準備／条項s, 蓄える／店s, or other articles which may be 購入（する）d by the 資本主義者s there, or which shall have been sent out for the use of them or their parties on the requisition of the 国務長官, if not paid for on 配達／演説／出産 in the 植民地, shall be paid for at home, each 資本主義者 存在 held liable in his 割合; and, secondly, that in the event of the 設立 存在 broken up by the 政府 or Superintendent, all persons desirous of returning to the British Islands shall be 伝えるd to their own home at the expense of the 資本主義者s by whom they may have been taken out. The passages of 労働ing persons, whether paid for by themselves or others, and whether they be male or 女性（の）, 供給するd the 割合 of the sexes before について言及するd be 保存するd, will be considered as an 投資 of 資本／首都, する権利を与えるing the party by whom any such 支払い（額） may have been made to an allowance of land at the 率 of 15 続けざまに猛撃するs--that is, of 200 acres of land for the passage of every such 労働ing person over and above any other 投資 of 資本／首都.
"Any land thus 認めるd which shall not have been brought into cultivation or さもなければ 改善するd or 埋め立てるd from its wild 明言する／公表する, to the satisfaction of the 政府, within twenty-one years from the date of the 認める shall, at the end of the twenty-one years, 逆戻りする 絶対 to the 栄冠を与える.
"All these 条件s with 尊敬（する）・点 to FREE 認めるs of land, and all 契約s of 労働ing persons and others who shall have bound themselves for a 規定するd 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of service, will be 厳密に 持続するd.
"It is not ーするつもりであるd that any 罪人／有罪を宣告するs or other description of 囚人s be sent to this new 解決／入植地.
"The 政府 will be 治めるd by Captain Stirling, of the 王室の 海軍, as Civil Superintendent of the 解決／入植地; and a 法案, in the nature of a civil 借り切る／憲章, will be submitted to 議会 in the 開始／学位授与式 of its next 開会／開廷／会期."
(*Footnote. Ibid page 7 copy of old 条件.)
The 修正するd 申し込む／申し出 made by the 植民地の Office, and 含む／封じ込めるd in the letter of 5 December, 異なるd materially from the 初めの 提案 of the 企業連合（する）. Their request for four million acres was 削減（する） 負かす／撃墜する to a 最大限 of one million, and even that was made 支配する to 条件s. The 条件 申し込む／申し出d were the same as those 提案するd for the public 捕まらないで. 優先 of choice of land over all 植民／開拓者s, Captain Stirling alone excepted, was not 認めるd in this 申し込む／申し出. Correspondence regarding this point resulted in the 植民地の Office 許すing 優先 to the extent of 250,000 acres.* In the opinion of members of the 企業連合（する）, the 制限s 課すd by the 植民地の Office upon their 初めの 計画（する） （判決などを）下すd the success of the 事業／計画（する） impossible, and 最終的に all withdrew with the 単独の exception of Mr. Peel.** His 約束 in the 投機・賭ける was so 広大な／多数の／重要な that on 28 January 1829*** he 知らせるd the 政府 that he was desirous of carrying on and 完全にするing it by himself on the 条件 認可するd by the 植民地の Office for the 企業連合（する）. To this the 国務長官 同意d, 許すing him the same 優先 of choice as had been 申し込む／申し出d to the 企業連合（する）, but 要求するing that at least 400 植民／開拓者s should be landed before 1 November 1829. If he 実行するd this 条件, その上の 投資 of 資本／首都 would する権利を与える him to the remaining 750,000 acres. If he failed to land any 植民／開拓者s before the date 明示するd, his 優先 of choice was to lapse and he was to be on the same 地盤 as other 植民／開拓者s. At a later date it was 供給するd that if he landed some 植民／開拓者s before 1 November 1829, he was to receive a 部分 of the reserve によれば 資本／首都 and 植民／開拓者s landed, conditionally upon the 残り／休憩（する） 存在 landed before 1 May 1830; in that 事例／患者, however, he would not receive a その上の 認める of 750,000 acres.****
(*Footnote. Accounts and Papers 1829 容積／容量 24 Swan River 解決／入植地 page 8 memorandum made by Hay 23 December 1828.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 9.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 9 Peel to Twiss.)
(****Footnote. 派遣（する） from Murray to Stirling 29 July 1829.)
In the 合間 new 規則s, not やめる so favourable, had been 問題／発行するd on 13 January 1829,* 許すing only ten years, instead of twenty-one as 初めは 始める，決める 前へ／外へ, for bringing the land under cultivation. By a special 許可, however, this part of the 規則 was held not to 適用する to Mr. Peel.**
(*Footnote. Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office Swan River Papers 容積／容量 1.)
(*Footnote. Accounts and Papers 1829 容積／容量 24 Swan River 解決／入植地 page 10 Twiss to Peel 28 January 1829 PS.)
Under these new 規則s 投資するd 資本／首都 was to 構成する 在庫／株 of every description, all 器具／実施するs of husbandry and other articles applicable to the 目的 of the 生産力のある 産業 or necessary for the 設立 of the 植民／開拓者 on the land where he was to be 位置を示すd, and the 量 of any half-支払う／賃金 or 年金 received from the 政府. Under the word "person" no child under ten years of age was to be 含むd, but 40 acres were 許すd for every child under three years of age, 80 for every child under six, and 120 for every child 越えるing that but under ten. The 料金 simple of the land was not to be 認めるd in any 事例／患者 until 1 shilling and 6 pence per acre had been expended in cultivation or 永久の 改良. At least one-fourth of the land was to be 埋め立てるd from its wild 明言する／公表する within three years, or a 罰金 of 6 pence per acre incurred; and if nothing had been done at the end of ten years in all, the whole was to 逆戻りする to the 栄冠を与える. These 条件s were to 持つ／拘留する only until the end of 1830.
The 政府 agreed to 耐える the cost of the civil and 軍の officers necessary, but 許すd them to take land in lieu of 支払う／賃金.
When the 決定／判定勝ち（する） to 設立する a 植民地 was made known, there were 非常に／多数の 使用／適用s from persons 願望（する）ing to emigrate. Some of these were people of means 用意が出来ている to go out at their own expense, but others 要求するd 解放する／自由な passages. These latter, in the absence of an 移住 基金, and in 直面する of the 政府's 決意 to 避ける all expense for 移住, were 辞退するd.* In 新規加入, there was 明らかに a second 提案 to 設立する a 解決／入植地 on a large 規模 in the new 植民地 made by Mr. Nathaniel Ogle, who 明言する／公表するd that he was desirous "from 私的な （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） he had received, to emigrate, with nearly 1000 井戸／弁護士席-selected companions, to Leschenault and La Vasse. A フリゲート艦 of nearly 1700 トンs, built at Archangel for the Greeks, was selected: the 資本／首都 ready was ample: it was みなすd necessary to 要求する the use of the ship on the coast for three years, to 供給（する） the 植民地 with labourers, cattle, and 準備／条項. The 政府, after much correspondence, 辞退するd them 許可 to use their ship for that period, because she was FOREIGN-BUILT (!); which 原因（となる）d the 探検隊／遠征隊 to be abandoned--to his 広大な／多数の／重要な and 継続している 悔いる."**
(*Footnote. Mills, R.C. Colonisation of Australia 1829 to 1842 London 1915 page 59. Dr. Mills had the 適切な時期 of 診察するing many of these letters in the Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office.)
(**Footnote. Ogle, N. 植民地 of Western Australia London 1839 page 251.)
同時に with these 交渉s with 私的な parties, the 政府 押し進めるd on the 公式の／役人 手はず／準備 for the inception of the new 植民地. 借りがあるing to the personal knowledge of the country which he 所有するd and the enthusiasm he showed in 支持するing its （人命などを）奪う，主張するs, it was felt that the 行政 could not be ゆだねるd to any other than Captain Stirling. A Scotchman by birth and a 海軍の officer of many years' standing, he had 伸び（る）d a good 取引，協定 of 植民地の experience in the 植民地 of New South むちの跡s, and had been instrumental in forming the 解決／入植地s in the north and south of that 領土. He was therefore peculiarly fitted to 請け負う the 義務s attendant upon the 支配（する）／統制する of the new 投機・賭ける. At first it was a 事柄 for consideration whether he should be 単に a Civil Superintendent or should have the larger 力／強力にするs of a 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事. By the time the 条件s of 解決／入植地 were laid 負かす／撃墜する, the latter 肩書を与える was decided upon as 存在 the more suitable, and it was also decided to award Stirling a 優先 of choice of 100,000 acres as some recompense for the services he had already （判決などを）下すd. This choice was 演習d over the whole of Garden Island, with the exception of such 部分s as might be 要求するd for 栄冠を与える 目的s, together with 十分な land in the neighbourhood of Cape Naturaliste necessary to （不足などを）補う the 十分な 認める.*
(*Footnote. Accounts and Papers 1829 容積／容量 24 Swan River 解決／入植地 page 11. 公式文書，認める. Stirling did not 最終的に take the area of land which is 示すd on the chart 挿入するd in the 議会の Paper referred to. In place of it he took a long （土地などの）細長い一片 of land 延長するing from below Bunbury 負かす／撃墜する to Wonnerup Inlet, as shown on the 地図／計画する 大（公）使館員d, which has been 用意が出来ている by the Lands Department of Western Australia from the 肩書を与える-行為s.)
At the time he received no 限定された （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 as 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事. In place of that he received a letter of 任命 and 指示／教授／教育, which was 時代遅れの 30 December 1828, and which held good for something over two years, until, in fact, 5 March 1831, when the first （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 was 問題／発行するd 任命するing him 知事 and 指揮官-in-長，指導者 of Western Australia. The 推論する／理由 for the 採択 of this course was explained in a 派遣（する） 今後d to Stirling by the 国務長官 for the 植民地s at the same time as the letter of 任命. This 文書 明確に laid 負かす／撃墜する the course to be followed in 設立するing the new 解決／入植地, and the 十分な text of it will be 設立する as 虫垂 1.
Upon 領収書 of these 指示／教授／教育s Captain Stirling at once 始める，決める about the 準備s for 就任するing the 解決／入植地. 蓄える／店s and other 必要物／必要条件s of value in the 請け負うing were 速く 安全な・保証するd, and the civil officers necessary for the 支配（する）／統制する and 政府 were chosen and 任命するd. These on the whole were admirably ふさわしい for the 仕事 of colonisation. The 植民地の 長官, Mr. Peter Brown (afterwards Broun) was a man who already 所有するd 行政の experience; the 義務s of Harbourmaster were ゆだねるd to 指揮官 M.J. Currie, a 海軍の officer of long standing; Dr. Charles Simmons was the 医療の officer, Mr. James Drummond the botanist and naturalist, and Mr. John Morgan the storekeeper, a position of no little moment in the new 解決／入植地. The most important office after that of 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 was unquestionably that of Surveyor-General. This was conferred upon 中尉／大尉／警部補 (afterwards Captain) John Septimus 魚の卵, who had 以前 伸び（る）d an intimate knowledge of the Western Australian coastline during the 探検隊／遠征隊s of 中尉／大尉／警部補 King in 1818 to 1822. The officers and artificers were engaged at 率s of salary and 給料 認可するd by the 国務長官 for the 植民地s, Sir George Murray. In the 事柄 of 安全な・保証するing artificers some difficulty was 遭遇（する）d, and only three were 得るd in time to leave by the first ship.*
(*Footnote. Letter from Stirling to Twiss 5 February 1829 in Public 記録，記録的な／記録する Office Swan River Papers 容積／容量 3.)
The Parmelia, a 大型船 of 449 トンs 登録（する）, Captain J.H. Luscombe, was 借り切る／憲章d to 伝える the 公式の／役人s and their families, with the necessary 供給（する）s, to the Swan River, and H.M.S. Sulphur was （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限d* for the 目的 of 輸送（する）ing thither a detachment of the 63rd 連隊, which, under the 命令（する） of Captain F.C. Irwin, had been 詳細（に述べる）d for the 安全 and 保護 of the colonists.**
(*Footnote. Admiralty to 指揮官 Dance 24 January 1829 ibid 容積／容量 3.)
(**Footnote. Lord Fitzroy Somerset to Captain Irwin 1 January 1829 ibid 容積／容量 3.)
The necessary 準備s 存在 完全にするd, the Parmelia sailed from Spithead on 6 of February with the first 禁止（する）d of colonists to make a home in the new 解決／入植地 of Western Australia.
On the 9th she was joined by H.M.S. Sulphur from Plymouth, with the detachment of 兵士s on board, and the two 大型船s sailed in company for their 目的地, with hope strong in the hearts of all that the 使節団 would result in a その上の successful 拡大 of the Empire of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain.
すぐに after the 出発 of the 探検隊／遠征隊, a 法案 was 現在のd to the English 議会 "親族 to the 政府 of His Majesty's 解決／入植地s in Western Australia on the western coast of New Holland." This was passed on 14 May (10 George IV c.22) and 供給するd that the King, with the advice of the Privy 会議, might make, or might authorise any person or persons 居住（者） in the 植民地 to make, such 法律s and 法令／条例s as might be necessary for the peace, order, and good 政府 of His Majesty's 支配するs within the 解決／入植地; that such 法律s, orders, etc., were to be laid before both Houses of 議会 as soon as practicable thereafter; that no part of the 植民地s of New South むちの跡s and 先頭 Diemen's Land was to be 含むd in the new 植民地 or 解決／入植地s, and that the 行為／法令／行動する was to continue in 軍隊 until the end of 1834. This period of continuance was 延長するd by the さまざまな 行為／法令／行動するs from time to time until it was 正式に 廃止するd by the passage of 13-14 Victoria c.59, which dealt with the 政府 of the whole of the Australian 植民地s.
Almost coincidentally with the introduction of the 法案, there appeared in the 年４回の Review for April 1829 an article which 堅固に 強調d the advantages of colonising Swan River, and the "impression got abroad that the 植民地 was to be 設立するd by the 政府 or at any 率 with its approbation and 協調"; so much so, in fact, that the 年４回の Review article was 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑うd of 存在 公式の／役人.* The article seems to have attracted public attention to the 提案するd 解決／入植地, and more 特に to the 試験的な 認める of land that had been made to Thomas Peel. It was 明言する／公表するd that there was little 誘導 for any 植民／開拓者 who did not 得る land from Peel, a 声明 which the 国務長官 否定するd by giving in the House of ありふれたs the 詳細（に述べる）d history of the 交渉s between Peel and the 政府.**
(*Footnote. Mills, R.C. Colonisation of Australia page 58.)
(**Footnote. Mills, R.C. Colonisation of Australia page 60. Dr. Mills 言及するs to the suggestion that Peel's 認める had been 得るd through the 影響（力） of Sir Robert Peel, and points out that he had only asked Sir George Murray to give his 親族 "any 施設s that he 終始一貫して could." Dr. Mills also 言及するs to one of the caricatures against Peel which appeared about that time. Another one, a copy of which is in the Public Library at Perth, 代表するs him with an open box, on the inner surface of the lid of which is drawn a swan, with the superscription, "A 職業 for my country cousin." Out of the box are hanging long （土地などの）細長い一片s of orange peel. Peel is 説, "Peel! peel! wonderful peel! Swan River peel! family peel--good for everything--令状d Daddy's OWN 製造（する）, fresh, fresh from the jennies." The 肩書を与える reads: Peel, peel, Swan River peel! very 罰金 peel!!! published in colour 6 June 1829 by J. Fairburn.)
一方／合間, the two 大型船s were 訴訟／進行 on their way. Nothing of any moment occurred until they reached Cape Town. There, through an unfortunate 事故, Dr. Daly (the Assistant-外科医 for the 植民地) and his eldest daughter were 溺死するd while returning to the ship from the shore. After remaining in （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する Bay for about a fortnight, during which some necessary 修理s to the Sulphur were 影響d, the 探検隊／遠征隊 left that port on 30 April for the Swan River. The 軍艦, 所有するing poorer sailing 質s, was unable to keep up with the Parmelia, which proceeded on her course as 速く as circumstances 許すd ーするために reach her 目的地 before the wet season was too far 前進するd.* During this latter part of the voyage the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 made all necessary 手はず／準備 for the 行政 and 支配（する）／統制する of the 解決／入植地, so that as little time as possible might be lost after arrival in the organisation of the 政府. 指示／教授／教育s were 問題／発行するd to the Civil officers, giving in 詳細（に述べる） the necessary directions for the 管理／経営 of their departments. On 16 May a 文書 was 問題／発行するd 構成するing, without salary, a "Board of Counsel and Audit in the 管理／経営 of the 所有物／資産／財産 of the 栄冠を与える, and of public 所有物／資産／財産 within the 解決／入植地." The members of the Board were 指揮官 Currie, 中尉／大尉／警部補 魚の卵, and Mr. William Stirling. の中で the other 義務s 割り当てるd to this Board was that of valuing the 在庫／株 and other 所有物／資産／財産 brought by colonists, so that the proper 量 of land might be allotted to them. On the same date Mr. James Drummond was 任命するd as Superintendent (名誉として与えられる) of 政府 farms and gardens, Mr. G.W. Mangles as Superintendent of 政府 在庫／株, Mr. H.W. Reveley as Civil Engineer, Mr. William Stirling as Registrar, and Mr. H.C. Sutherland as Assistant Surveyor.** In most 事例／患者s no salary was 大（公）使館員d to the 任命, a 欠如（する） that was afterwards 治療（薬）d. On 31 May land was sighted, and on the に引き続いて day the Parmelia moved toward an 船の停泊地 in Cockburn Sound.*** In doing so she grounded on a bank between Carnac Island and the 本土／大陸, and was extricated only after かなりの difficulty, and no little 損失, by the exertions of the 乗組員 of H.M.S. 挑戦者, which had remained at Swan River to 保護する the 旗 until the 植民／開拓者s arrived. The winter season having 開始するd, and the 天候 存在 boisterous and 嵐の, Captain Stirling decided to land on Garden Island and there 築く necessary buildings to 保護する the 蓄える／店s.**** On 8 June H.M.S. Sulphur put in an 外見,***** but it was not until the 16th that the detachment could disembark on the 本土／大陸 and relieve the 乗組員 of the 挑戦者.****** This latter ship then 決定するd to sail for India, but was 妨げるd from doing so through the services of her artificers 存在 要求するd for the 目的 of 修理ing the Parmelia, which had been （判決などを）下すd unseaworthy through grounding on Parmelia Bank. It was not until 28 August that H.M.S. 挑戦者 finally 出発／死d, leaving H.M.S. Sulphur as 保護 for the 解決／入植地.*******
(*Footnote. 魚の卵, J.S. スピードを出す／記録につける of voyage of Parmelia manuscript in 所有／入手 of Mrs. J.B. 魚の卵, Perth.)
(**Footnote. Stirling to Sir George Murray 10 September 1829 enclosure Number 9 Swan River Papers 容積／容量 3.)
(***Footnote. Stirling to Twiss 25 August 1829 and Stirling to Sir George Murray 10 September 1829 Swan River Papers 容積／容量 3.)
(****Footnote. Ibid.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid. See also 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s of H.M.S. 挑戦者 10 March to 29 August 1829 Captains' 定期刊行物s Number 3096.)
(******Footnote. Ibid.)
(*******Footnote. 定期刊行物 and 訴訟／進行s of H.M.S. 挑戦者 引用するd above. See also Captain Fremantle to J.W. Croker Admiralty 8 October 1829 Swan River Papers 容積／容量 7.)
On 18 June Captain Stirling and party landed on the 本土／大陸 at Rous 長，率いる and 問題／発行するd a 布告／宣言 (虫垂 2) thus 影響ing the actual 解決／入植地 of Western Australia.
The 布告／宣言 was published both on the 本土／大陸 (by Captain Irwin) and on Garden Island, and on the same day orders were 問題／発行するd 確認するing the 任命s which had been made on the course of the voyage.*
(*Footnote. Brown, Peter (植民地の 長官) 定期刊行物 of Events connected with the Public Service. 大（公）使館員d to Stirling's 派遣（する） of 10 September 1829 Swan River Papers 容積／容量 3.)
The strong 勝利，勝つd and rough seas consequent upon the season of the year made 正規の／正選手 and continual communication with the 本土／大陸 both difficult and dangerous. It was therefore みなすd wise to 延期する the work of selecting 永久の town-場所／位置s, and in the interval 一時的な buildings to house the colonists and 蓄える／店s were 築くd on Garden Island, some of which continued in 占領／職業 even after the 除去 of the 解決／入植地, as it was thought safer to house the 本体，大部分／ばら積みの of the 蓄える／店s on the island, bringing them across from time to time as necessity 要求するd. A 部分 of the scrub was also （疑いを）晴らすd, and the seeds brought from England and the Cape were 工場／植物d, so that, though late, they might have the advantage of the 部分 of the season still remaining.*
(*Footnote. Stirling to Twiss 25 August 1829 Swan River Papers 容積／容量 3.)
During the month of July two 調査するing parties were sent out ーするために 安全な・保証する all the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） possible 関心ing the 地区s within 平易な reach of the Swan River. The first of these, under the 支配（する）／統制する of 中尉／大尉／警部補 Henry of the 挑戦者, proceeded to discover the source of the Canning River, and to 診察する the country lying between the mountains and the sea. The party covered altogether a distance of over one hundred miles, and 設立する that, with trifling exceptions, the 国／地域 was 井戸／弁護士席 adapted to 農業.* The second 探検隊／遠征隊, under 指揮官 Currie, 調査するd the country south and south-east of the Swan for a distance of about ten miles, finding a river and several freshwater lakes, and その上の 延長するing the area of possible cultivation.**
(*Footnote. Cross, J. 定期刊行物s of 探検隊／遠征隊s made in Western Australia 1829 to 1832 London 1833 pages 1 to 5.)
(**Footnote. Stirling to Twiss 25 August and Stirling to Sir G. Murray 10 September 1829 Swan River Papers 容積／容量 3.)
一方／合間, Captain Stirling and his officers having decided to 設立する two towns, one at the mouth of the river to serve the 目的s of a seaport and one さらに先に inland as the seat of 政府, landed on the 本土／大陸 to select suitable 場所／位置s.* That for the port was quickly chosen on the south bank of the Swan, at its mouth, and was 指名するd Fremantle in honour of the captain of the 挑戦者. The other 選択 証明するd more difficult, but after closely に引き続いて the course of the Swan for some miles they finally 直す／買収する，八百長をするd upon a 位置／汚点／見つけ出す just above the junction of the Swan and the Canning as the best position for the seat of 政府, to which they gave the 指名する of Perth, out of compliment to the 国務長官 for the 植民地s, who was the member for Perth in Scotland.**
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
(**Footnote. 抽出する from letter 12 September 1829 from H.M.S. Sulphur published in the Glasgow 特使 13 February 1830.)
That the 場所／位置 chosen was admirable in every way must be 認める, even though for the time 存在 it was difficult of 接近 from Fremantle, which was on the south 味方する of the river. 影を投げかけるd by 開始する Eliza, with a 幅の広い expanse of water before it, and the river flats, where Stirling had experienced difficulties in 1827, stretching out beyond it, it made an ideal 位置／汚点／見つけ出す for what was to become the 資本／首都 of a 広大な／多数の／重要な 明言する／公表する. No 疑問 the 存在 of these flats, which seemed to 約束 井戸／弁護士席 for 農業の 開発, in part at any 率 led to the 選択 of that particular place. The 場所／位置 having been settled, notice was given that the first 石／投石する of the new town of Perth would be laid on 12 August, the date of King George IV's birthday. The 儀式 was 成し遂げるd by cutting 負かす／撃墜する a tree on the allotment 始める，決める a part for the 軍の 兵舎.*
(*Footnote. Stirling to Twiss 25 August and Stirling to Sir G. Murray 10 September 1829 Swan River Papers 容積／容量 3.)
During August other 大型船s arrived with 植民／開拓者s and 在庫／株. These new colonists, 同様に as the first arrivals, were all anxious to receive 場所s of land as quickly as possible, for though there was little or no 適切な時期 of doing anything in the way of cultivation at the time, they were desirous of making 準備 for the に引き続いて season. The Surveyor-General and his assistants were kept busy making rough but 公正に／かなり 正確な 調査するs of 場所s 適用するd for. All these 使用／適用s made the 問題／発行する of land 規則s imperative, and on 28 August* the first land 規則s for the 植民地 were 布告するd. These 供給するd that the 領土 should be divided into 郡s, hundreds, 郡区s, and sections; each section to be 640 acres in extent, each 郡区 25 sections, each hundred 4 郡区s, and each 郡 16 hundreds. In each 郡 600 sections were reserved by the 政府 for public expenses, 教育の support and endowment, cost of public 作品, and the 行政 of 司法（官）. Land was not to be open to 場所 until 調査するd, and was then to be 認めるd only in 完全にする sections. No allotment was to have river frontage of more than one-fourth its exterior 境界. No second 場所 was to be 認めるd to any person who had not 実行するd the 条件s of 改良 with regard to the first, and no 認める was to be made to indentured servants or to persons coming to the 植民地 at the expense of others. Three square miles were reserved as the 場所／位置 of the town of Perth. These were to be 分裂（する） up into allotments of nine to ten acres each, to be held, によれば 指示／教授／教育s from the 植民地の Office, on a twenty-one years' 賃貸し（する）, with the 権利 of the 政府 to 再開する if necessary for public 目的s upon 支払う／賃金ing 補償（金）, these 賃貸し（する）s to become freehold if not 再開するd within the period 明言する／公表するd, and to carry at all times the 権利 of sale or assignment. They were also to be 支配する to such 率s as the 政府 might みなす necessary to 課す. The same 条件s were to prevai l with regard to Fremantle. Persons 所有するing land in the 解決／入植地 捕まらないで were to have the 権利 to a 解放する／自由な 認める in the 周辺 of a 郡区 in the 割合 of one acre for every 1000 acres held by them. The general 条件s as to the 査定／評価 of 所有物／資産／財産 upon which land would be 認めるd and the 量 to be so 認めるd, as laid 負かす／撃墜する in the 植民地の Office circular of January 1829, were 会社にする／組み込むd, and the に引き続いて 方式 of 手続き for taking up 認めるs was laid 負かす／撃墜する:
"All persons who may be desirous to receive allotments of land are to make 使用／適用 to the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 によれば the form which will be furnished to them at the office of the 植民地の 長官. If the 使用／適用 be admissible, it will be referred to the Board of Commissioners for the 管理／経営 of 栄冠を与える 所有物／資産／財産, who will 報告（する）／憶測 to the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 the extent of land to which the applicant may appear to be する権利を与えるd, upon a strict examination of 所有物／資産／財産 輸入するd by him.
"The 肉親，親類d of 所有物／資産／財産 on which （人命などを）奪う，主張するs may be 設立するd are only such as are applicable to the 改良 and cultivation of land, or necessary in placing the 植民／開拓者 on his 場所; and the value thereof will be 概算の by the Commissioners によれば such fair 基準 of 言及／関連 as they may see fit to 可決する・採択する.
"On receiving the 報告（する）／憶測 of the Board, the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 will （許可，名誉などを）与える 許可 to the applicant to proceed to select such land, to the extent recommended, as may 控訴 his particular 見解（をとる）s, and having selected, the applicant is to make his 選択 known to the Surveyor-General by filling up the form which may be 大（公）使館員d to the 許可 to select. This 報告（する）／憶測 of 選択 will be 診察するd by the Surveyor-General and transmitted by him to the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事, with such 発言／述べるs as may be necessary to enable the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 to decide on the propriety of the allotment 存在 made, and if no 事前の （人命などを）奪う，主張する to the land in question or other 反対 存在する, the applicant will receive a 認める thereof, in the usual form of a 最初の／主要な conveyance.
"Land thus 認めるd will belong in perpetuity to the grantee, his 相続人s, and 割り当てるs, to be held in 解放する／自由な and ありふれた socage, 支配する, however, to such 保留（地）／予約s and 条件s as may be 明言する／公表するd in the conveyance."
(*Footnote. Stirling to Sir G. Murray 10 September 1829 enclosure Swan River Papers 容積／容量 3.)
Then follows the description of the 義務／負債s in the way of 率s and 税金s to which the land was 支配する, 同様に as the 準備／条項 that no 植民／開拓者 could, without special 許可, sell his land until he had 改善するd it to the extent of 1 shilling and 6 pence per acre.
The 調査するs of the town 場所／位置s of Perth and Fremantle were quickly 完全にするd, and on 5 September the first allotments were taken up. In Perth the purchasers, either on leasehold on in 料金 simple, were F.C. Irwin (the officer 命令（する）ing the 軍隊／機動隊s) Reverend J.B. Wittenoom (the 植民地の Chaplain) May Hodges, George 漏れる, and P.P. Smith; in Fremantle the first allotments fell to William Lamb, John Hobbs, Lionel Samson, and Thomas Bannister.* There was only one other lot sold in Fremantle in 1829, the purchaser 存在 John Bateman, but in Perth there was more 需要・要求する. There we find that during the remaining months of the year land was either 賃貸し（する）d or sold to John Septimus 魚の卵 (the Surveyor-General) Dr. Simmons, William Shaw, John Morrell, John Tichbon, Thomas Davis, William Hoking, Thomas Bannister, James Henty, James McDermott, Samuel Cox, Richard Jones, Hugh Macdonald, David Paterson, George Embleton, William Leeder, Henry Trigg, William Nairne, Robert M. Lyon, and C. Browne.**
(*Footnote. Year 調書をとる／予約する of Western Australia 1902 to 1904 page 32; see also 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Lands Department Perth.)
(**Footnote. See 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Lands Department Perth.)
In 新規加入 to making the necessary 調査するs in Perth and Fremantle, 中尉／大尉／警部補 魚の卵 was able, during the first three months after his arrival, to make 調査するs of the surrounding country 十分に 正確な for the 目的 of making 認めるs in 一致 with the 規則s. The first of these, as shown by the 記録，記録的な／記録するs, were made on 29 September to the に引き続いて grantees:* R.H. Bland, 8000 acres; Peter Brown (植民地の 長官) 5000 acres; Charles Boyd, 640 acres; W.T. Dance (captain of the Sulphur) 5000 acres; William Dixon, 2268 acres; Sir James Hume, 2666 acres; George 漏れる, 14887 acres; 陸軍大佐 P.A. Lautour, 10,000 acres; Dr. John Whattley, 1500 acres; John Septimus 魚の卵, 3100 acres; Lionel Samson, 4696 acres; and Charles Ridley, 1750 acres. All these 認めるs were の近くに to the Swan River, many of them with river frontage. The 推論する／理由s for this were that the 国／地域 seemed more 約束ing and the river afforded an 平易な method of 輸送. Other assignments on account of 資本／首都 投資するd that were made during 1829 were C.H. Fremantle (captain of the 挑戦者) 5000 acres in the 内部の; Thomas Bannister, 2000 on Canning River; Henry Camfield, 1000 on the Swan River; M.C. Carew, 100 on the Helena; John A. Dutton, 3600 on the Canning; P.H. Dod, 2000 on the Swan; John O. Davis, 7026 on the Canning; R. Dawson, 1280 on the Canning; James Drummond (the botanist) 1000 on the Swan and 100 on the Helena; Joshua Gregory, 1000 on the Swan; John Hobbs, 4000 on the Canning; William Lamb, 8119 on the Swan; 陸軍大佐 Lautour, 100 on the Helena; R. Wardell, 1000 on the Swan; Daniel Scott, 4000 on the Swan; William K. Shenton, 100 on the Helena; W.H. Mackie and F.C. Irwin, 200 on the Swan; and P. Rogers, 4000 on Canning River.** によれば the 公式の／役人 統計（学） 525,000 acres were 認めるd by the end of the year, 含むing the 初めの 認める of 100,000 acres to Captain Stirling and the 250,000 conditionally 認めるd to Mr. Peel, who arrived with his 移民，移住（する）s about the middle of December.
(*Footnote. Ibid.
(**Footnote. 公式文書，認める. ーするために 安全な・保証する land in 一致 with the 規則s, each 植民／開拓者 was 要求するd to 服従させる／提出する to the Board of Counsel and Audit a sworn 声明 setting out the 所有物／資産／財産 brought by him, together with the cost of his own, his family's, and his servants' passages. The Board then 決定するd, (a) the 所有物／資産／財産 that could be みなすd to be usable for the 目的s of the 植民地, and (b) the value to be placed upon it. Upon that value was 割り当てるd to the applicant in 一致 with the 条件s on the basis of forty acres for every 3 続けざまに猛撃するs. The 初めの 声明s of many of the 植民／開拓者s are still to be 設立する とじ込み／提出するd in the 記録，記録的な／記録するs of the 植民地の 長官's Office, Perth. It is 利益／興味ing to 公式文書，認める that Benjamin Goodman, one of the 不満な 植民／開拓者s, who wrote to the 国務長官 from Hobart on 1 December 1829, （人命などを）奪う，主張するd land to the value of 220 続けざまに猛撃するs in cash, which he 所有するd on arrival at Swan River. In his affidavit of 所有物／資産／財産, however, he 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する 75 続けざまに猛撃するs as the 量 of cash in his 所有／入手. The value of the 所有物／資産／財産 upon which land was 認めるd 量d to 21 続けざまに猛撃するs.)
But all these 広大な areas of land were at that time virgin forest, and though the possessors were 潜在的に rich, they were 現実に 苦しむing all the privations and 不快s 出来事/事件 to 解決／入植地 in a new country. They were even without homes, with the exception of such rude 避難所s as they could make for themselves, and they had 事実上 no means of subsistence beyond the 供給（する）s they had brought and such その上の 準備／条項s as ships 推定する／予想するd to arrive from time to time might bring. Their 条件 was certainly not one to be envied. Though many of them were of first-class family "and 所有するd of かなりの 所有物／資産／財産,"* they were in 広大な／多数の／重要な 手段 unprepared for the 裁判，公判s they had to 直面する, and were not 慣れさせるd to the privations that must やむを得ず 生じる those who hope to ひったくる a 暮らし from the wilds of nature.** Their difficulties were 大いに 増加するd by the fact that they arrived at the 高さ of the winter season, and were 妨げるd by the 冷淡な and rain from making much 前進 for some かなりの time. But all their 裁判，公判s were borne with stout hearts, and they struggled manfully 今後, strong in their 決意 to 後継する. The 明言する／公表する of the 解決／入植地 during the first few weeks of its 存在 may be 公正に／かなり 井戸／弁護士席 概算の from the 派遣（する） 今後d by the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 to the 国務長官 on 9 September 1829:
"（危険などに）さらす to the 勝利，勝つd and rain of a boisterous winter," he said, "has been the most serious evil we have 遭遇（する）d, but that and other privations 出来事/事件 to such an 請け負うing have been borne with cheerfulness and 打ち勝つ with proper spirit by all the individuals forming the civil and 軍の 設立. の中で the 植民／開拓者s since arrived, some 失望 has arisen in consequence of their 存在 in general but little accustomed to 遭遇（する） hardships, and in all 事例／患者s too sanguine in the 期待s they have entertained 尊敬（する）・点ing the country. But as the 天候 has 改善するd they have been enabled to 延長する their 探検s and 達成する more 慰安, and I believe there is now 存在するing の中で them a cheerful 信用／信任 in the 質s of the country and a general belief in its 未来 繁栄...Up to the 現在の period no event of a nature wholly 予期しない or very important has occurred in the 起訴 of the service, except that the western coast of New Holland was taken 所有／入手 of in His Majesty's 指名する by Captain Fremantle, and that the 解決／入植地 has subsequently been 開始するd and proceeded in. The 進歩 made in the erection of storehouses and 一時的な buildings for the civil 設立, in 上陸 the 蓄える／店s and 準備／条項s, and in 調査するing the country has been very かなりの when 見解（をとる）d with 言及／関連 to the season of the year and to the means at the 処分 of the 地元の 政府. The 天候 at the period of my arrival 存在 極端に boisterous, I was 軍隊d to disembark the people and 蓄える／店s on Garden Island, the communication between the ships and the 本土／大陸 存在 too 危険な and uncertain during the winter season to 収容する／認める of their 存在 placed at any other point. Since then as the 天候 has 改善するd I have 除去するd such persons and 蓄える／店s as have been necessary to the 場所／位置s of the towns of Perth and Fremantle, but I ーするつもりである to keep the 主要な／長／主犯 倉庫・駅 of 準備／条項s and 蓄える／店s still at Garden Island, carrying over as they are 手配中の，お尋ね者 the articles therein deposited . The arrival of two other ships with 植民／開拓者s making it necessary to have 場所s 用意が出来ている for them, I have been under the necessity of interrupting the general 調査する of the surrounding coast and country for the 目的 of laying out the town of Fremantle at the 入り口 of Melville Water as a 上陸 port, and also the town of Perth 近づく the island on the Swan River, with a 見解（をとる） of its 存在 in the neighbourhood of those who may wish to cultivate the rich lands すぐに above it on the river...The 植民／開拓者s have already made 選択 of town lots in each place and are 訴訟／進行 with alacrity in the 準備 of buildings."
(*Footnote. その上の returns from Swan River 解決／入植地 House of ありふれたs Papers 1831 Number 66.)
(**Footnote. Stirling to Twiss 26 January 1830.)
During September the civil 設立 was 除去するd to Perth and the 解決／入植地 began to acquire something of a 永久の 外見. A cottage for the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 was 築くd not far from the 現在の 場所／位置 of 政府 House, and the さまざまな departmental offices were built in の近くに proximity to it, so that the work of 行政 could be carried on more easily. Houses of more or いっそう少なく 永久の character began to arise, and the first place of worship--for the Church of England--was 築くd through the earnest solicitation 同様に as by the actual 援助 of the 植民地の Chaplain, the Reverend J.B. Wittenoom.
Between then and the end of the year several ships arrived with 植民／開拓者s, 在庫／株, and 準備／条項s. の中で these was the Gilmore, with Thomas Peel and his party of 移民，移住（する）s and servants on board, which arrived 早期に in December. As Peel had not carried out his 協定 with the 政府, his 優先 of choice over 250,000 acres lapsed,* but he was 認めるd a 場所 延長するing from Cockburn Sound to the Murray River, 存在 見解（をとる）d by 知事 Stirling as a ありふれた 植民／開拓者 長所ing an equal extent of 所有物／資産／財産, in 一致 with the 国務長官's 指示／教授／教育s of 29 July.
(*Footnote. The land held under 優先 was thrown open to 植民／開拓者s 早期に in November. See 抽出するs of Letters from Swan River third series London 1830 pages 1 and 13.)
The 条件s under which Peel's 投機・賭ける was entered upon were 自由主義の enough to have 確実にするd success for any capably managed 探検隊／遠征隊, but Peel seems to have been utterly incompetent. 借りがあるing to 欠如（する） of 管理／経営 on his part, and to his 失敗 to 供給する those whom he had brought out with food and 着せる／賦与するing によれば his 契約 with them, most of them 砂漠d and struck out for themselves. In fact, almost from the date of their 上陸 it was evident that the 事業／計画（する） was doomed to 失敗.* 令状ing to Under 長官 Hay in July 1830, John Morgan, the 植民地の Storekeeper,** 明言する／公表するd that Peel was a 廃虚d man unless some competent person arrived speedily to manage his 事件／事情／状勢s, that he was 全く incapable of 行為／行うing the 設立 himself, and had no one competent to do so for him. In consequence his people were wretchedly 供給するd for, and thirty-seven of them had 現実に died. Beyond 単に bringing the people out, Peel did not fulfil any of his 条件s with the 政府, and, in consequence, 長引いた correspondence 続いて起こるd. Finally, on 25 September 1834, he made formal 使用／適用 to the 知事 for a 認める of 250,000 acres of land on 条件s of general 改良.*** In 同意／服従 with this request he was 認めるd, on 25 November に引き続いて, the 料金 simple of the land now known as Cockburn Sound 場所 16 "in consideration of 確かな 場所 義務s 成し遂げるd to the satisfaction of 知事 Stirling."**** Here he settled 負かす／撃墜する in 独房監禁 grandeur, an embittered and disappointed man, doing little or nothing to 改善する his 広大な 広い地所, and died at Mandurah some thirty years latter in comparatively indigent circumstances.*****
(*Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia pages 4 and 5.)
(**Footnote. Morgan to Hay 14 July 1830 Swan River Papers 容積／容量 7.)
(***Footnote. 植民地の 長官's Office 記録，記録的な／記録するs Western Australia とじ込み／提出するd in Public Library Perth.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 23. See also 地図／計画する 大（公）使館員d.)
(*****Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 5.)
A vivid and 利益／興味ing, but not altogether 正確な, account of Peel's 失敗 and the 原因（となる）s of the 海峡s to which the 植民地 was 減ずるd in its 早期に days was given by Edward Gibbon Wakefield before the 委員会 of the House of ありふれたs on Waste Lands in 1836, on the 当局, he 明言する／公表するd, of one of Peel's スパイ／執行官s:
"That 植民地, which was 設立するd with a general hope in this country, amongst very intelligent persons of all descriptions, that it would be a most 繁栄する 植民地, has all but 死なせる／死ぬd. It has not やめる 死なせる／死ぬd, but the 全住民 is a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 いっそう少なく than the number of emigrants; it has been a 減らすing 全住民 since its 創立／基礎. The greater part of the 資本／首都 which was taken out (and that was very large) has disappeared altogether, and a 広大な／多数の／重要な 部分 of the labourers taken out (and they were a very かなりの number) have emigrated a second time to 先頭 Diemen's Land and New South むちの跡s. The many 災害s which befell this 植民地 (for some people did 現実に die of hunger) and the 破壊 of the 植民地 taken out to the Swan River, and the second 移住 of the people who went out, appear to me to be accounted for at once by the manner in which land was 認めるd. The first 認める consisted of 500,000 acres to an individual, Mr. Peel. That 認める was 示すd out upon the 地図／計画する in England--500,000 acres were taken 一連の会議、交渉／完成する about the port or 上陸 place. It was やめる impossible for Mr. Peel to cultivate 500,000 acres, or a hundredth part of the 認める; but others were, of course, necessitated to go beyond his 認める ーするために take their land. So that the first 操作／手術 in that 植民地 was to create a 広大な／多数の／重要な 砂漠, to 示す out a large tract of land, and to say, "This is 砂漠--no man shall come here; no man shall cultivate this land." So far dispersion was produced, because upon the 条件 on which Mr. Peel 得るd his land, land was given to the others. The 知事 took another 100,000 acres, another person took 80,000 acres; and the dispersion was so 広大な／多数の／重要な that, at last, the 植民／開拓者s did not know where they were; that is, each 植民／開拓者 knew that he was where he was, but he could not tell where anyone else was; and therefore, he did not know his own position. That was why some people died of hunger; for though there was an ample 供給（する） of food at the 知事's house, the 植民／開拓者s did not know where the 知事 was, and the 知事 did not know where the 植民／開拓者s were. Then, besides the evils resulting from dispersion, there occurred what I consider almost a greater one; which is, the 分離 of the people and the want of combinable 労働. The labourers, on finding out that land could be 得るd with the greatest 施設, the labourers taken out under 契約s, under 約束／交戦s which 保証するd them of very high 給料 if they would 労働 during a 確かな time for 給料, すぐに laughed at their masters. Mr. Peel carried out altogether about 300 persons--men, women, and children. Of those 300 persons, about sixty were able 労働ing men. In six months after his arrival he had nobody even to make his bed for him or to fetch him water from the river. He was 強いるd to make his own bed and to fetch water for himself, and to light his own 解雇する／砲火／射撃. All the labourers had left him. The 資本／首都, therefore, which he took out, すなわち, 器具／実施するs of husbandry, seeds, and 在庫／株, 特に 在庫／株, すぐに 死なせる／死ぬd; without shepherds to take care of the sheep, the sheep wandered and were lost; eaten by the native dogs, killed by the natives and by some of the other colonists, very likely by his own workmen, but they were destroyed; his seeds 死なせる／死ぬd on the beach; his houses were of no use; his 木造の houses were there in でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる, in pieces, but could not be put together, and were therefore やめる useless, and rotted on the beach. This was the 事例／患者 with the 資本主義者s 一般に. The labourers, 得るing land very readily, and running about to 直す／買収する，八百長をする upon 場所s for themselves, and to 設立する themselves 独立して, very soon separated themselves into 孤立するd families, into what may be 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d cottiers, with a very large extent of land, something like the Irish cottiers, but having, instead of a very small piece of land, a large extent of land. Everyone was separated, and very soon fell into the greatest 苦しめる. 落ちるing into the greatest 苦しめる, they returned to their masters, and 主張するd upon the fulfilment of the 協定s upon which they had gone out; but then Mr. Peel said, 'All my 資本／首都 is gone; you have 廃虚d me by 砂漠ing me, by breaking your 約束／交戦s; and you now 主張する upon my 観察するing the 約束／交戦s when you yourselves have 奪うd me of the means of doing so.' They 手配中の，お尋ね者 to hang him, and he ran away to a distance, where he secreted himself for a time till they were carried off to 先頭 Diemen's Land."*
(*Footnote. House of ありふれたs, Accounts and Papers 1836 容積／容量 2 page 499 answer to question 591.)
Although the success which it was hoped would …に出席する the 植民地 from its inception was far from realised, its 失敗 was not so 完全にする as Wakefield would have us believe. It is more than probable that the fact that he was 利益／興味d in 安全な・保証するing a 直す／買収する，八百長をするd price for 植民地の 栄冠を与える lands, and was endeavouring at that time to 設立する a 植民地 in the south of Australia based upon his 原則s of colonisation, may have induced him to overstate the 事例／患者, but it need not have led him into 限定された misstatements. Peel's 認める did not 構成する 500,000 acres, nor was it 位置を示すd as 示すd on the 地図／計画する of 1829.* The actual 認める 延長するd "from Cockburn Sound to the Murray River 近づく Cape Bouvard and thence up that river twenty-five miles from its source."** This was some miles to the south of Fremantle. Stirling's 認める also 占領するd a different position from that 示すd on the 地図／計画する について言及するd, and the nearest point of it to Perth was over 120 miles distant. The 主張 that some 植民／開拓者s died from hunger was 否定するd by Captain Irwin, who was Commandant of the 軍隊s when the 植民地 was 設立するd,*** but against that 否定 we should perhaps place the 植民地の Storekeeper's 声明 that thirty-seven of Peel's people had 現実に died,**** from one 原因（となる） or another, an 異常に large number in so small a community. There is abundant 証拠, both in the 知事's 派遣（する）s and in 私的な letters and diaries, that indentured servants 原因（となる）d a かなりの 量 of trouble, that they were continually asking for more than their indentures 供給するd, and that, at times, they 砂漠d.***** They were, however, usually punished for any 失敗 to fulfil their 契約s. Peel's servants were either 発射する／解雇するd by him or 解放するd by the 治安判事s by the middle of 1830,****** the few who remained 存在 補助装置d with 準備／条項s from the 政府 蓄える／店s.******* Wakefield's 声明 that desertions occurred because the servants could easily 得る land for themselves was not true, for the land 規則s of 28 August 1829 特に 供給するd that indentured servants or 補助装置d persons must fulfil their 協定s before they could 得る land. The whole position with regard to indentured servants was perhaps not inaptly summed up in a letter to the 国務長官: "Indented servants are of no use. Almost every 植民／開拓者 is 強いるd to 解任する his indented servants for idleness, disobedience to orders, or drunkenness, and so soon as they 得る their liberty they 乗る，着手する for either Hobart or Sydney. I have been 廃虚d by laying out money in the way recommended by the 政府 in their public 規則s."******** Peel's 失敗 was 予定 partly to his 絶対の ignorance of 開拓するing difficulties, and partly to his 欠如（する） of ability to manage an 請け負うing of such magnitude. To these may be 追加するd the difficulties 原因（となる）d by his impetuous nature and 欠如（する） of discretion.*********
(*Footnote. Ibid 1829 容積／容量 24 地図／計画する 大（公）使館員d to correspondence regarding Swan River 解決／入植地. See also 地図／計画する.)
(**Footnote. Stirling to Twiss 26 January 1830.)
(***Footnote. Irwin, F.C. 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia London 1835 page 37.)
(****Footnote. Morgan to Hay 14 July 1830.)
(*****Footnote. Stirling to Sir George Murray 12 March 1831; Colonists' 記念の to 国務長官 2 September 1831; Irwin, F.C. 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia page 35; Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years' Eventful Life of an 早期に 植民／開拓者 in Western Australia London 1884 pages 60, 86 to 89, 142, 176, 197, etc.)
(******Footnote. Stirling to 国務長官 18 October 1830.)
(*******Footnote. Ibid.)
(********Footnote. Lyon, R.M. to 国務長官 11 February 1831 Swan River Papers 容積／容量 9.)
(*********Footnote. Mills, R.C. Colonisation of Australia page 68.)
Another 移住 計画／陰謀, 関心ing which there is very little 記録，記録的な／記録する, appears to have been entered upon by 陸軍大佐 P.A. Lautour, whose スパイ／執行官, Richard 井戸／弁護士席s, arrived in the 植民地 with eighty-five servants and かなりの 在庫／株 on 5 August 1829,* and who received a 認める of over 100,000 acres. The only 記録，記録的な／記録する of the 運命／宿命 of this 計画／陰謀, beyond 時折の letters asking for 貸付金s which are とじ込み／提出するd in the 植民地の 長官's Office, appears to consist of a 声明 made by Stirling to the 国務長官 in his 派遣（する） of 18 October 1830, in which he 明言する／公表するs that the 設立 has been broken up and the servants 発射する／解雇するd "as the 計画／陰謀s (Peel and Lautour) had been undertaken without a proper 準備／条項 of 基金s and 蓄える／店s in this country for their 維持／整備." At a later date** Lautour 示唆するd that he should be 許すd to take out 300 of those 罪人／有罪を宣告するs who had lately been 罪人／有罪を宣告するd of 暴動s in England. The suggestion was not 受託するd.***
(*Footnote. Stirling to Sir George Murray 20 January 1830 enclosure Number 2.)
(**Footnote. 陸軍大佐 Lautour to Lord Howick 9 January 1831. A 類似の 提案 was made to the 国務長官 on 17 January 1831 by James Mangles.)
(***Footnote. 公式文書，認める. Two other 提案s for 移住 on a large 規模 were laid before the 植民地の Office during the 早期に years of the 解決／入植地: one made in May 1829 by Richard Badnall (Badnall to Twiss 29 May 1829 New South むちの跡s 容積／容量 207) and a second by Edward Merrell in December 1832 (Merrell to Hay 19 December 1832 Swan River Papers 容積／容量 11). Neither of these 提案s appear to have gone beyond the 試験的な 行う／開催する／段階.)
The alluring prospects held out to emigrants induced many besides those 含むd in the above 計画／陰謀s to try their fortunes in the new 植民地. ーするために have land ready for these, and at the same time to 増加する the knowledge of the country lying outside the 即座の 解決／入植地, several 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊s were sent out in the latter part of 1829. 中尉／大尉／警部補 Preston of H.M.S. Sulphur and Dr. Collie 診察するd during November the coastline and 隣接する country between Cockburn Sound and Geographe Bay, 支払う／賃金ing particular attention to the rivers and to the suitability of the 国／地域 for cultivation. In December, Ensign Dale of the 63rd 連隊, who had 以前 endeavoured to trace the source of the Helena River, made a その上の 試みる／企てる. He followed the stream until it became a mere chain of ponds, and then returned bringing 支援する the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that the country toward the coast did not give much 約束 in the way of 農業, though it 申し込む／申し出d 公正に／かなり good pasture for sheep. In the same month Dr. Wilson, R.N., left the 解決／入植地 at King George's Sound with a small party, ーするつもりであるing to proceed toward the Swan River. Though he did not go far in the direction 目的（とする）d at, he passed through some of the best country from a scenic point of 見解（をとる） in Western Australia, and in the course of his wanderings discovered the Denmark River. Dr. Wilson's 報告（する）／憶測 of the trip spoke 高度に of the character of the 国／地域 in general, though some of it he 認める was "as 哀れな and useless as any to be 設立する in New South むちの跡s."*
(*Footnote. Cross. 定期刊行物s of Several 探検隊／遠征隊s in Western Australia 1829 to 1832 pages 6 et seq.)
The total 全住民 of the 植民地 at the end of the year was 1290, of whom 850* were 永久の 居住（者）s, the greater part of the 残りの人，物 forming the complement of the ships then at 錨，総合司会者, one of these 存在 H.M.S. Success, which grounded on entering 挑戦者 Passage and received 傷害s that took twelve months to 修理. To carry out these 修理s she was beached at that 部分 of Cockburn Sound since known as Careening Bay. The value of the 所有物／資産／財産 brought by the 植民／開拓者s up to this time was about 45,000 続けざまに猛撃するs, the 割合 of which that was applicable to the 改良 of land, and upon which land was 認めるd によれば the 規則s, 存在 41,550 続けざまに猛撃するs.**
(*Footnote. Stirling to Sir George Murray 20 January 1830.)
(**Footnote. Ibid. From 29 October 1829 to June 1830 the 量 of 所有物／資産／財産 brought was 73,260 続けざまに猛撃するs, of which 52,239 was applicable to the 改良 of land. Stirling to 国務長官 18 October 1830 enclosure A2.)
On 20 January 1830, Captain Stirling 演説（する）／住所d a 派遣（する） to the 植民地の Office embracing a 報告（する）／憶測 of the さまざまな 事柄s we have already referred to, and giving, in 新規加入, some important （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） as to the class of people arriving in the 植民地. Those who （機の）カム as 植民／開拓者s, having a 確かな 量 of 資本／首都, were on the whole 高度に respectable and 独立した・無所属 persons, but the same could not be said of their workmen and servants. In many 事例／患者s these seemed to have been 新採用するd from parish outcasts, or engaged without any 言及／関連 to character, and had その結果 原因（となる）d 広大な／多数の／重要な inconvenience by their drunken and disorderly habits. So troublesome had these people become, the 知事 報告（する）／憶測d, that he had 設立する it necessary to 任命する a magistracy, whose chairman, Mr. W.H. Mackie, was "a gentleman bred to the 法律," and to engage a number of constables, for the 目的 of 保存するing order in the 解決／入植地. We also gather from the 文書 that even at this 早期に 行う／開催する／段階 不景気 had made itself felt in the 事件／事情／状勢s of the young 植民地.
"の中で so many 植民／開拓者s there could not be a 広大な／多数の／重要な number with minds and 団体／死体s ふさわしい to 遭遇（する） the struggles and 苦しめるs of a new 解決／入植地. Many, if not all, have accordingly been more or いっそう少なく disappointed on arrival either with the 明言する／公表する of things here or their own want of 力／強力にする to surmount the difficulties 圧力（をかける）ing around them...From this 不景気, however, the active and stout-hearted have now 回復するd, and ten or twelve of the 主要な men of the 解決／入植地 having 占領するd their grounds, and having 宣言するd themselves fully 満足させるd with the 質 of the 国／地域 and the 条件 of their cattle, I consider the 請け負うing is now 安全な from the 影響s of a general despondency, which at one time 脅すd to 敗北・負かす the 見解（をとる）s of His Majesty's 政府 in this ４半期/4分の1."
The 派遣（する） then went on to discuss the 気候 and the general prospects of the 解決／入植地. The 気候, of which the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 had had 事実上 a year's experience, he 設立する "favourable to health in an uncommon degree," though 借りがあるing to the heat of December and January "the workmen have not been able to work in the sun from 10 to 3 o'clock!" In regard to the general prospects, the opinion was 表明するd that the land suitable for tillage was somewhat 限られた／立憲的な in area, but that there せねばならない be a good 未来 both for pastoral 追跡s and fruit culture, more 特に of temperate and sub-熱帯の fruits. The position of the 解決／入植地, he considered, was an excellent one for developing an eastern 貿易（する） in British 製造（する）s. But though on the whole the prospect was a favourable one, Captain Stirling was careful to point out that 事実上 everything depended on the 権利 class of 移民，移住（する） 存在 安全な・保証するd. "The greater part," he said, "incapable of 後継するing in England, are not likely to 栄える here to the extent of their groundless and inconsiderate 期待s. Many of the 植民／開拓者s who have come should never have left a 安全な and tranquil 明言する／公表する of life; and if it be possible to discourage one 始める，決める of people and to encourage another, I would 真面目に request that for a few years the helpless and inefficient may be kept from the 解決／入植地, while to the active, industrious, and intelligent there may be 保証するd with 信用／信任 a fair reward for their 労働s. This country may at no distant period 吸収する, with advantage to 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain and herself, an 巨大な 移住 of persons, any 広大な／多数の／重要な 部分s of which if sent 今後 too soon will 廃虚 her prospects and their own."
In a 半分-私的な letter* which was 今後d by the same 大型船 as the 先行する 派遣（する）, the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 投機・賭けるd the opinion that the 急ぐ of 植民／開拓者s had been 予定 to the exceedingly 自由主義の land 法律s, and also to the fact that no 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were to be sent to the 植民地. As to the class of people arriving, he was still more emphatic than in his 公式の／役人 utterance upon the point that there are "many who will be 廃虚d by their own groundless 期待s and helpless inefficiency." Discussing in this letter the 未来 prospects of the 植民地, Captain Stirling 勧めるd that his experience during the first six months of his 行政 had 納得させるd him that the English 政府 must either decide to give up the 解決／入植地 altogether or else must 設立する it definitely as a 栄冠を与える 植民地, with a 正規の／正選手 （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 to the 知事, proper 機械／機構 for 制定するing 法令／条例s, and a system of 財政／金融s with 準備／条項 for raising 歳入 and expending money, 支配する, of course, to 改正 by the Home 当局. The arguments used in this communication appear to have had かなりの 負わせる, as in reply Captain Stirling was 知らせるd that a （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 was in course of 準備 which would 含む／封じ込める the 当局 in 事柄s of 行政 that had been sought.** In this 派遣（する） the 国務長官 agreed with Stirling's 見解（をとる） that the helpless and inefficient type of emigrant should be discouraged, but every 誘導 held out to the industrious and intelligent. He pointed out, however, that it would be difficult to make this 差別, as the tide of 移住 seemed to 始める，決める 堅固に に向かって the 解決／入植地 at Swan River notwithstanding some unfavourable accounts which had reached England.
(Footnote. Stirling to Twiss 26 January 1830.)
(**Footnote. Sir George Murray to Stirling 20 July 1830.)
The history of the 植民地 up to the end of 1830 is 事実上 限定するd to a 記録，記録的な／記録する of the 早期に struggles of the 開拓するs, of the alienation of land under the system of 認めるs, and of 探検 of the country. Even though, at the beginning of the year, the 報告（する）／憶測s of the inefficient section of the community were beginning to reach England, there was no diminution in the stream of 移民／移住. In fact, so 広大な／多数の／重要な was the influx that the 地元の 政府 設立する it necessary to 輸入する 準備／条項s and 在庫／株 from the Cape, the East Indies, and the other Australian 植民地s ーするために 妨げる the 可能性 of 飢饉 occurring before the 植民地の lands and 在庫／株 開始するd to make some return. The result of this 輸入 was not, however, 満足な. In the absence of proper storehouses, much of the 穀物 was spoilt by （危険などに）さらす to the 天候 or 廃虚d by white ants and other vermin, while a number of the cattle wandered away into the bush and either died or became wild.*
(*Footnote. Irwin, F.C. 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia page 45.)
While those who arrived later 行方不明になるd many of the hardships which the first arrivals had to を受ける, they had the same strenuous 戦う／戦い to fight when their 認めるs were apportioned. の中で them, however, were practical 農業者s from the 農業の 郡s of England, all 所有するd of at least 穏健な 資本／首都, and these soon began to show actual results for their 労働. In fact, a more 希望に満ちた 空気／公表する began to pervade the whole community. Many were engaged in （疑いを）晴らすing their 認めるs and （種を）蒔くing 刈るs, 雇うing their spare time in 試みる／企てるs at brickmaking, so as to 改善する their general 条件 by the erection of more comfortable houses.* Their want of knowledge of the 気候, however, 原因（となる）d a good 取引，協定 of 苦しむing during the wet season. The winter rains of 1830 were 特に 激しい, so much so that the river 洪水d its banks and brought かなりの loss and 損失 to those who were 一時的に residing on the flats waiting for their 認めるs, or who had elected to build 永久の homes on the lower levels. The shipping at Fremantle also 苦しむd in no small degree. Four 大型船s broke loose from their moorings and were driven 岸に, one of them, the Rockingham, becoming a total 難破させる on that part of the coast which has since borne the 指名する.**
(*Footnote. Ibid pages 52 to 60.)
(**Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia 容積／容量 1 page 5.)
Much trouble was also experienced with the cattle and sheep during the year. Many of the cattle got away into the bush, and the scab 病気, introduced by some flocks brought from Tasmania, 大いに 少なくなるd the small number of sheep in the 植民地.
一方／合間 the alienation of land was 訴訟／進行 apace, and の中で those 記録，記録的な／記録するd as having received 認めるs during the year we find many--J. and J.W. Hardey, J.S. 魚の卵, Stephen and James Henty, W.L. Brockman, E. Barrett Lennard, J.H. Monger, A.H. 石／投石する, J.S. Clarkson, Robert Dale, W.K. Shenton, and others*--whose 指名するs have been graven 深い in the annals of their 可決する・採択するd country. There 存在 very little 利用できる land remaining on the banks of the Swan or within reasonable reach of Perth or Fremantle, it became necessary, ーするために 融通する many of these applicants, to 延長する the 境界s of the 解決／入植地. With that end in 見解（をとる） a その上の examination of the country southward along the coast was made by the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事.** This resulted in the 設立 of a 軍の 駅／配置する at Port Leschenault, where the 現在の town of Bunbury stands. A new 郡 was thus 追加するd to the 植民地, and by 政府 notice every endeavour was made to induce those 適用するing for land to select it in that 地区. Unfortunately for its 進歩, enormous areas were taken up by 陸軍大佐 Lautour, the Henty Brothers, and others, but no 即座の use made of the land, so that for many years the 地区 made no 前進 at all. The 解決／入植地 became little more than a 指名する; even Captain Stirling seems to have been disheartened, as the 軍の detachment 駅／配置するd there was 孤立した before the end of the year.*** It is worthy of 公式文書，認める that the 認める, 103,000 acres, made to 陸軍大佐 Lautour formed the 場所 upon which an 試みる／企てる was made at a later period to 設立する the town of Australind.
(*Footnote. See 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Lands Department and 植民地の 長官's Office Perth.)
(**Footnote. General 報告（する）／憶測 on the 進歩 of the 植民地 up to March 1831 enclosed in Stirling's 派遣（する） to Sir George Murray 13 March 1831.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
About the same time (April 1830) the country 近づく King George's Sound was thrown open* under the 指名する of Plantagenet 郡. Here 認めるs were made to Dr. Collie, Captain Bannister, 中尉／大尉／警部補 Preston, and J.L. Morley, but, as in the 事例／患者 of Port Leschenault, no 試みる／企てる at 即座の cultivation was made.
(*Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 32.)
Partly ーするために do something in the way of 補助装置ing 発射する／解雇するd servants, who had 完全にするd their 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of service, to become good 植民／開拓者s, the town of Guildford was 調査するd in the に引き続いて month, and 封鎖するs of four and five acres each were 認めるd to these people, with the 意向 that they should 補助装置 one another and 結局 form a 協同組合 解決／入植地.*
(**Footnote. General 報告（する）／憶測 on the 進歩 of the 植民地 up to March 1831 enclosed in Stirling's 派遣（する） to Sir George Murray 13 March 1831.)
From the fact that Captain Stirling 願望（する）d 90,000 acres of his 初めの 認める to be at Cape Naturaliste, it is more than probable he was 納得させるd that the neighbourhood 申し込む／申し出d 広大な／多数の／重要な 約束. The 圧力 of his 行政の 義務s had 妨げるd him from 支払う／賃金ing any attention to the 事柄 up to that time, but in May 1830, …を伴ってd by a 禁止（する）d of 植民／開拓者s, he 始める，決める out to 診察する the locality with a 見解（をとる） to 設立するing a new 郡区. The party landed at the mouth of the Blackwood in Flinders Bay, and 示すd off the 場所／位置 for a 郡区, to be 指名するd Augusta.* The 植民／開拓者s, under the leadership of Captain Molloy and Messrs. Bussell and Turner, selected 認めるs and 始める，決める about the cultivation of them. Though the 国／地域 was good, the 労働 of （疑いを）晴らすing was very 広大な／多数の／重要な, and その結果 but little 進歩 was made. The 激しい forest baffled all their 試みる／企てるs to pasture 在庫／株, and to 追加する to their difficulties 供給（する）s ran short time after time 借りがあるing to their 孤立するd position. For four years they struggled along with indifferent success, finally 除去するing in 1834 to the いっそう少なく ひどく-木材／素質d plains of the Vasse, which seemed to 申し込む／申し出 greater 適切な時期s.
(*Footnote. Ibid 文書 B.)
While these 試みる／企てるs, not on the whole successful, were 存在 made to 設立する communities along the south-west coast, attention was also 存在 paid to the 部分s of the 内部の eastward of Perth. Ensign Dale, who had 以前 侵入するd some distance in that direction, 追求するd his 調査s さらに先に inland* and brought 支援する such glowing accounts of the new country that 中尉／大尉／警部補 Erskine was 派遣（する）d to 得る still more 限定された （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）.** So 完全に did his opinion agree with that formed by Dale that the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 decided to make a personal 小旅行する of 査察.*** 存在 満足させるd with what he saw, 手はず／準備 were at once made to throw the land open for 選択, and before the end of the year many large tracts were taken up. 場所／位置s for the towns of York, Northam, and Beverley were also 示すd out at this time, but no allotments were apportioned in any of them, the first town lots, at York, 存在 sold in 1835.****
(*Footnote. Cross. 定期刊行物s of Several 探検隊／遠征隊s etc. page 51.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 92.)
(***Footnote. 私的な letter from Stirling to Mr. John Barrow in 定期刊行物 of the 王室の Geographical Society 容積／容量 1 1831 pages 255 to 257 and General 報告（する）／憶測 on the 進歩 of the 植民地 up to March 1831 Stirling to Sir George Murray 13 March 1831.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 34.)
Thus by the end of 1830 the 植民地 had 延長するd its 境界s to 含む (apart from the 軍の 駅／配置する at King George's Sound, which still remained under the 政府 of New South むちの跡s) 解決／入植地s at Swan River, Port Leschenault, Guildford, and Augusta, in 新規加入 to which areas of land had been 割り当てるd in Plantagenet 郡 and in the York-Beverley 地区. In most of these places little work had been done, but 示すd 進歩 had been made in Perth and on the holdings along the Swan, Helena, and Canning Rivers, though as yet the returns were insufficient to 供給する for the sustenance of the community without 輸入するing 準備／条項s. Fremantle had made but little 前進する. At the end of the year it was still 事実上 a （軍の）野営地，陣営, and though there were many good 国民s who were 緊張するing every 神経 to develop their 所有物／資産／財産s and 改善する the 条件 of things 一般に, a 広大な／多数の／重要な part of the inhabitants were of the class that is always afraid of work and 特に loud in 表明するing 失望 and 不満. A number of these, most of whom were utterly incompetent as 植民／開拓者s, and some of whom held 認めるs of land, left the 植民地 during the latter half of the year,* either abandoning their holdings or arranging for 後継の 植民／開拓者s to take them up.
"Few who abandoned the 解決／入植地...were willing to 収容する／認める their 失敗 was the result of their own want of exertion or their unfittedness for the 企業 in which they had 乗る，着手するd; accordingly, wherever they went, and in their letters home, the 非難する was laid on the country. Thus, many of the evil 報告（する）／憶測s 尊敬（する）・点ing it which were 現在の at home and in the 隣人ing 植民地s may be traced to those sources."**
(*Footnote. General 報告（する）／憶測 on the 進歩 of the 植民地 up to March 1831 enclosed in Stirling's 派遣（する） to Sir George Murray 13 March 1831.)
(**Footnote. Irwin. 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia page 43.)
Many of these derogatory 報告（する）／憶測s seem to have come from Hobart and the Cape,* and may be classed within the 部類 について言及するd by Irwin, and might have been 無視（する）d, but, unfortunately, others of a more responsible type reached London. These said that the want of money had already 減ずるd many of the 植民／開拓者s to a 明言する／公表する of pauperism, that gentlemen who moved in the first circles of society at home were destitute of the ありふれた necessaries of life, and that unless 援助 should come from some ４半期/4分の1 the 植民地 must remain for many years an "aristocratical 砂漠";** that the 植民地 was in a 明言する／公表する perilous in the extreme;*** that livestock died within a few days from poisonous herbage, that the roadstead was 危険な for shipping, and that the place must be abandoned;**** that the 国／地域 was not nearly so fertile as had been 代表するd, but was of a light, sandy nature, in consequence of which the 強い雨s had washed away a 広大な／多数の／重要な part of it, and the 植民／開拓者s were almost in a 明言する／公表する of 餓死;***** and that 植民／開拓者s were most 苦しめるd and were leaving the 植民地 for 先頭 Diemen's Land.****** There is no 疑問 that for many years the 植民地 苦しむd from the 影響 of these 報告（する）／憶測s.
(*Footnote. Goodman, B. to Sir George Murray from Hobart 1 December 1829 see 公式文書，認める above; William Tanner to Stirling 11 July 1832 in Stirling to Lord Goderich 23 July 1832; Irwin, 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia pages 43 to 44; Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia pages 92 and 100; Western Australian Chronicle 5 March 1831.)
(**Footnote. R.M. Lyon to 国務長官 11 February 1831.)
(***Footnote. John Morgan to R.W. Hay 8 March 1832.)
(****Footnote. Letter from a 植民／開拓者 引用するd in Morning Chronicle reprinted in Hansard third series 容積／容量 1 page 1345.)
(*****Footnote. Solomon & Co St. Helena to Sir Francis Freeling 27 November 1829 今後d by him to the 権利 Honourable H. Goulburn 25 January 1830 Swan River Papers 容積／容量 7.)
(******Footnote. Hansard third series 容積／容量 5 pages 301 to 304. See also Thomas Henty to 国務長官 7 September 1831 Swan River Papers 容積／容量 9.)
The fact that some of the colonists were 全く unsuited to the 仕事 which they had undertaken かなり 妨げるd the 進歩 of the community. The 植民／開拓者s depended for food and other necessaries upon two sources of 供給（する）--upon 貨物s brought by 後継の ships, and upon what they could grow. Drones in the 蜂の巣 could not be 扱う／治療するd after the manner of bees; they had at least to be kept from 餓死するing. 非常に長い intervals between the arrival of 大型船s and small 生産／産物 借りがあるing to ignorance of climatic and 農業の 条件s 原因（となる）d on more than one occasion scarcity of food, and cast a feeling of 不景気 over the 解決／入植地.
Another factor which retarded 進歩 was the 敵意を持った 態度 of the natives. This has been said to have been the result of cruel 治療 at the 手渡すs of the white people, but the published letters of George Fletcher Moore,* who filled the office of 支持する-General at Swan River during the 早期に years of the 植民地, scarcely seem to 耐える out that 声明. That there were 孤立するd instances of cruelty に向かって the natives is probably true, but there is also 証拠 that the 植民地の 政府 used every endeavour to 保護する them from 傷害 and to 利益 them wherever possible. 公式の／役人 活動／戦闘 indeed seems, at first, to have erred on the 味方する of leniency,** and 厳しい 対策 were not 可決する・採択するd until the 態度 of the natives made it necessary to do so ーするために 保護する the lives and 所有物／資産／財産 of the colonists. At the beginning the relations between the natives and the white 植民／開拓者s seem to have been of a distinctly friendly nature, and every 成果／努力 was made to 安全な・保証する the 好意／親善 of the aborigines by the 配当 of food and 着せる／賦与するing. This, as usually happens, turned them into 執拗な beggars, and, when it became impossible through shortness of 供給（する）s to continue the gifts, into 平等に 執拗な thieves. Lonely 植民／開拓者s were 事実上 at their mercy. In his 派遣（する） of 30 November 1831, the 知事 報告（する）／憶測d:
"that the only annoyance which has been experienced has arisen from the 敵意を持った 行為／行う of 確かな native tribes 住むing the 地区 around Swan River. The pertinacious endeavours of these savages to commit depredations of 所有物／資産／財産 having called 前へ／外へ the 決定するd 抵抗 of the 植民／開拓者s (and in 事例／患者s where they are repelled by 軍隊 it 存在 the 支配する with them to 訴える手段／行楽地 to 復讐) they have in three or four instances 後継するd in sacrificing the lives of white persons to their fury. In such 試みる／企てるs they 陳列する，発揮する 広大な／多数の／重要な patience and 決意, and it 要求するs the 最大の diligence to guard against their attacks, while with the small 軍の 軍隊 at 現在の in the 解決／入植地, it has been 設立する impossible to afford 保護 to every point."
(*Footnote. Moore. 抽出するs from Letters and 定期刊行物s London 1834 pages 31, 49 and 108 to 109.)
(**Footnote. Irwin. 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia page 25.)
Stirling's 声明 was 強化するd by the opinion 表明するd by Captain Irwin,* the Commandant of the 軍隊／機動隊s in the 植民地, which was the more 価値のある as he recognised 明確に the 責任／義務 which 残り／休憩（する）d upon civilised nations to 保護する the native tribes whom they dispossessed.
(*Footnote. Irwin. 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia pages 25 to 26.)
The Home 政府* 認める the 好意／親善 of the 植民／開拓者s, and, at the same time, laid 負かす／撃墜する the course of 活動／戦闘 to be followed. "It will 要求する," said the 国務長官, "all the attention which your active vigilance and humanity can bestow ーするために 回復する 信用／信任 between the 植民／開拓者s and the natives. The 支配する is so important in itself and so 必須の to the 繁栄 of the 解決／入植地 that I hope you will be able to 納得させる those under your 政府 that it will be only by 観察するing uniformly a 広大な／多数の／重要な degree of forbearance that they can 推定する／予想する to relieve themselves from その上の annoyance."
(*Footnote. Lord Goderich to Stirling 28 April 1831.)
There is every 指示，表示する物 that the 政策 laid 負かす／撃墜する was followed by Captain Stirling, but it appears to have been taken by the natives as a 調印する of 証拠不十分. So daring did they become that in 1830 an attack was made in open daylight upon the house of a 植民／開拓者 in Perth itself.* This was 鎮圧するd at the time by the 兵士s, but it did not lead to a 停止 of the 騒動s. Soon afterwards a 植民／開拓者 on the Murray River** was 殺人d, for what 推論する／理由 is unknown; and before the end of the year a second was killed by way of 報復 for 狙撃 a native caught in the 行為／法令／行動する of stealing. Most of these 行為／法令／行動するs of 暴力／激しさ were committed under the leadership of two 井戸／弁護士席-built natives 指名するd Yagan and Midgegooroo, and it was not until the death of both of them in 1833 that the colonists had any 一時的休止，執行延期 from native 侵略.
(*Footnote. Irwin to Stirling 18 May 1830 in Stirling to 国務長官 18 October 1830.)
(*Footnote. Irwin to Lord Fitzroy Somerset 8 January 1831.)
ADMINISTRATION OF SIR JAMES STIRLING.
Up to the の近くに of 1830, and indeed for some little time after, the 政府 of the 植民地 was vested 単独で in the 手渡すs of Captain Stirling, who had nothing to guide him in his 義務 save the meagre letter of 指示／教授／教育s 今後d with his 任命 and 時折の 派遣（する）s 伝えるing その上の 指示／教授／教育s from the 植民地の Office. That he 後継するd so admirably is a 尊敬の印 both to his enthusiasm for the 仕事 and to his judgment in the 死刑執行 of it. 確かな alterations had been 決定するd upon by the Home 当局 before the end of the year, but notification of these did not reach Western Australia until late in 1831.
With this year the 植民地 may be considered to have 現れるd from the 実験の 行う／開催する／段階 and to have entered upon a 永久の 存在. For many years afterwards its history was やむを得ず little more than a 記録，記録的な／記録する of 建設的な 開発 such as is ありふれた to all new communities, interspersed with periods of 不景気 and たびたび（訪れる） attacks and depredations on the part of the natives, but all along the line there was 際立った growth, 漸進的な indeed for some time, but in the main healthy and 進歩／革新的な.
One of the 長，指導者 events of importance was an alteration in the land 規則s. 早期に in 1830 it had become evident to the Home 当局 that in the 利益／興味s of the 植民地 一般に, and ーするために 茎・取り除く the influx of 植民／開拓者s, many of whom were 全く unsuitable, it was necessary to make some 制限 on the その上の alienation of land by means of 認めるs.* New 規則s were therefore drawn up under which the 量 of land obtainable was 減ずるd by one-half--20 acres instead of 40 for every 3 続けざまに猛撃するs 投資するd, and 100 acres instead of 200 as 以前は on the passage of every servant.** These （機の）カム into 操作／手術 at the beginning of 1831 and continued in 軍隊 throughout the year, during which the English 政府 その上の considered the whole question of land 認めるs in the Australian 植民地s and 最終的に decided to 可決する・採択する the American 原則 of sale. The 長，指導者 推論する／理由 for 可決する・採択するing this course was that it had been 設立する that the system of 認めるing land had had the 影響, in New South むちの跡s and 先頭 Diemen's Land, of encouraging the dispersion of 植民／開拓者s over too wide an extent of country, which, apart from other inconveniences, 大いに 増加するd the expenses of 行政 in every 支店 of the Public Service.*** This 決定／判定勝ち（する） was arrived at and published in England in March 1831,**** but 借りがあるing to the length of time then 占領するd in 伝えるing the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） to the 植民地s, it did not come into 操作／手術 until 1 January 1832.***** By it the 原則 of 認めるing land によれば the 所有物／資産／財産 brought by the 植民／開拓者 was 完全に discontinued, and in its place it was 供給するd that "all the lands in the 植民地 not hitherto 認めるd and not appropriated for public 目的s will be put up for sale. The price will, of course, depend upon the 質 of the land and its 地元の 状況／情勢, but no land will be sold below the value of 5 shillings per acre." The method 可決する・採択するd in carrying this system into 影響 was that an ーするつもりであるing purchaser was 許すd to select, within defined 限界s, the land he d esired to acquire. The area was then advertised for three months, at the end of which it was sold to the highest 入札者 above the 最小限 of 5 shillings. The 処理／取引 had to be 完全にするd within one month thereafter. The 最小限 area was 640 acres, but the 知事 could, if he みなすd it advisable, 許す a smaller 量. The 最大限, however, which was 2560 acres, must not be 越えるd. Land which could not be sold might be let on grazing 賃貸し（する） from year to year, it 存在 understood that if at any time its 購入（する） was 適用するd for, it must be put up for sale in the ordinary way. It will be remembered that under the 規則s 以前 in 軍隊 persons sending out labourers were 許すd to reckon the passage money of such labourers as part of the 資本／首都 on which they could 安全な・保証する 認めるs. As the 植民地 had not the advantage of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働, it was felt that nothing should be done that might 影響する／感情 the 供給（する） of 解放する／自由な labourers, and therefore 20 続けざまに猛撃するs was 許すd in the 購入（する） of land for every MARRIED labourer and his family landed in the 植民地. The bounty was 制限するd to married labourers to 妨げる, as far as possible, that 超過 of males over 女性（の）s which had been so injurious in the two penal 植民地s.
(*Footnote. Stirling to Sir George Murray 28 July 1830 enclosure.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. Lord Goderich to Stirling 28 April 1831 enclosing 規則s of the 植民地の Office regarding alienation of land 時代遅れの 1 March 1831.)
(****Footnote. Stirling to Lord Goderich 17 January 1832.)
In the same year (1831) the change in the method of 行政, 予測（する） in the 国務長官's 派遣（する） of 20 July 1830, bringing the 解決／入植地 definitely into line as a 栄冠を与える 植民地, was 影響d. The 行為／法令／行動する (10 George IV c.22) enabled the King, with the advice of the Privy 会議, to make, and to authorise any three or more persons to make, all necessary 法律s and to 構成する all necessary 法廷，裁判所s for the peace, order, and good 政府 of the 解決／入植地. No steps were taken under this 行為／法令／行動する until 1 November 1830, when an Order in 会議 was 問題／発行するd 構成するing the 知事, the 上級の 軍の Officer next in 命令（する）, the 植民地の 長官, the Surveyor-General, and the 支持する-General to be a 法律を制定する 会議 to 発射する／解雇する the 機能（する）／行事s ゆだねるd to them by the 行為／法令／行動する, 支配する to a 準備／条項 for disallowance by the 国務長官, and その上の that any 法律 or 法令／条例 made by the 会議 must have been first 提案するd by the 知事 or officer 治めるing the 政府. This Order-in-会議 was 今後d to Western Australia by 派遣（する） 時代遅れの 28 April 1831, with which were enclosed the formal （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 to Captain Stirling as 知事 and 指揮官-in-長，指導者, and also a 非常に長い 文書 under the King's 調印する 手動式の 含む／封じ込めるing 指示／教授／教育s as to 手続き. In the second 条項 of these 指示／教授／教育s the same officers who had been 任命するd a 法律を制定する 会議 were also 任命するd as an (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 for the 援助 and advice of the 知事. The 推論する／理由 that the two 会議s were 任命するd by different methods lay in the fact that while the King could by virtue of the prerogative 設立する an (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議, the 王室の 当局 was not competent, without the 援助（する） of 議会, to create a 立法機関 except by popular 代表, or to 設立する 法廷，裁判所s on lines that 異なるd from those of Westminster. In the 派遣（する） of 28 April the diverse methods of 任命 were pointed out and the 知事's attention drawn to the fact that, although composed of the same individuals, the two 団体／死体s were separate and 際立った, and separate accounts must be kept of their 訴訟／進行s. It may be 公式文書，認めるd that there were three 支配するs upon which 力／強力にする to 立法者 was 特に withheld--the naturalisation of 外国人s, the 認めるing of land-肩書を与えるs to unnaturalised 外国人s, and all questions of 離婚. It was late in 1831 when the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing these alterations in the 行政 reached the 植民地, and その結果 the 会議s were not 任命するd until February 1832.*
(*Footnote. Stirling to Lord Goderich 14 February 1832.)
The year 1831 cannot be considered to have been one of any 広大な／多数の／重要な 進歩, nor did it afford much in the way of 出来事/事件. 借りがあるing to the 逆の 報告（する）／憶測s 関心ing the 条件 of things in the 解決／入植地, assiduously spread abroad by those who had been unable to grapple with the difficulties, the influx of people showed a 際立った 傾向 to abate, and many of those who did come were of little value as colonists, serving only to augment the already かなりの number of the 不満な and disappointed. Those, however, who recognised the 知恵 of doing their best in the new surroundings were beginning to see 調印するs of reward. Though fearful of a 再発 of the disheartening 条件s of the previous winter, they persevered in their endeavours to （疑いを）晴らす and cultivate their land, and by the end of the year had 200 acres under cultivation,* of which 160 were producing wheat.** Considering that over a million acres had been 疎遠にするd, this 量 seems pitifully small, and certainly 追加するs to the 圧倒的な 証拠 that 存在するs as to the incapacity of many of those to whom land had been 認めるd. So anxious does the English 政府 seem to have been to 避ける expense and even 責任／義務 in 設立するing the 植民地, that land was 認めるd to all and sundry without any 保証（人） that they either could or would do anything in the way of 改良. No 試みる／企てる was made to 保存する anything like a just 割合 between the land 疎遠にするd, the 資本／首都 投資するd, and the 労働 利用できる. In fact, the Literary Gazette, the 組織／臓器 of the Literary Society formed by the 公式の／役人s and better-class 植民／開拓者s, 主張するd that "to the want of 労働, and to that alone, may be traced all the evils that have afflicted this 幼児 解決／入植地."*** Taking into consideration the 非常に／多数の servants who had been introduced, this scarcely seems feasible at first sight; but if we 連合させる the ineptitude of the major 部分 of those servants with the 欠如（する） of ready money and the absence of the true colonising spirit on the part of t he 植民／開拓者s, who were, most of them, 完全に at a loss where to begin, we reach in all probability something like the true 推論する／理由s for the approximation to 失敗 that occurred in those 早期に years.
(*Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of the Western Australian 農業の Society 9 February 1832.)
(**Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 5.)
(***Footnote. Literary Gazette November 1831 Perth.)
The 量 of wheat produced was, of course, far from 存在 十分な to 供給（する） the 需要・要求するs of a 全住民 which then numbered about 1500*, hence the colonists had still to depend on the ships arriving from time to time for 準備／条項s. Any 延期する in the 外見 of these 大型船s was a 事柄 of no small moment, 原因（となる）ing as it did a very appreciable 増加する in the cost of living. During the latter part of 1831 very few ships arrived, and as a result something akin to 飢饉 drew ominously の近くに.** That in 直面する of troubles such as these the colonists 辞退するd to 認める 敗北・負かす is a 尊敬の印 to their indomitable perseverance. One method 可決する・採択するd for 打ち勝つing their 初期の difficulties was the 設立 during the year of an 農業の Society,*** which was the parent of the 現在の 王室の 農業の Society of Western Australia. By means of this 会・原則 they were enabled to 会合，会う 定期的に for discussion and 激励, and there is no 疑問 that it was of inestimable value in 刺激するing and developing the 農業の and pastoral 産業s. That in the latter of these 産業s there were 広大な／多数の／重要な 可能性s was recognised by all, but unfortunately there were but few 長，率いる of 在庫／株 in the 植民地 and not a large number of sheep. So serious did these さまざまな questions--want of 資本／首都, of 労働, and of 在庫／株--become, that during the year it was decided to 嘆願（書） the English 政府,**** asking that the 植民地の 財務省 be authorised to make 前進するs for the 購入（する） of 在庫／株, and 主張するing that with some little 援助 in that way the 解決／入植地 would quickly become a 繁栄する community. The 知事 was in sympathy with the request, and 今後d it to the 国務長官 with a strong 推薦.***** Unfortunately, the position became more 激烈な／緊急の before a reply could be received.
(*Footnote. Stirling to Lord Goderich 2 April 1832.)
(**Footnote. Moore, G.F. Ten Years in Western Australia page 98.)
(***Footnote. 設立するd May 1831. See Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 33 and First 報告（する）／憶測 of the Society to 知事 Stirling 9 February 1832 in Swan River Papers 容積／容量 9.)
(****Footnote. 記念の to 国務長官 enclosed in Stirling to Lord Goderich 14 February 1832.)
(*****Footnote. Stirling to Lord Goderich 14 February 1832 and 2 April 1832.)
In the way of 探検の／予備の work the year was not 生産力のある of 広大な／多数の／重要な results. The 主要な／長／主犯 探検隊／遠征隊 was that of Captain Bannister and party.* 直面するd by 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulties and a 確かな degree of danger, they made their way 陸路の from Perth to King George's Sound, which was reached on 4 February 1831. This was the longest 陸路の 旅行 that had so far been undertaken. Captain Bannister brought 支援する much （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） of value 関心ing the country 横断するd, and the 跡をつける which he made between the two 解決／入植地s 証明するd very useful after the 移転 of King George's Sound to the 政府 of Western Australia in the に引き続いて March. About the same time a party under Mr. W.K. Shenton proceeded by sea to Port Leschenault and thence up the Collie River, looking for 満足な places for 解決／入植地.** The 報告（する）／憶測 brought 支援する was not, however, 十分に favourable to encourage any 試みる／企てる at cultivation. さまざまな other trips were made during 1831, 主として in the south-western 部分 of the 植民地 and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する about King George's Sound. Though 非，不，無 of these were 生産力のある of その上の 拡大 at the time, they were of 際立った value in that they 増加するd the 存在するing knowledge of the country 一般に and enabled the 当局 to form a better 見積（る） of its 能力s. In the spring of the year the 解決／入植地 of York 地区, 延期するd from 1830, was undertaken, and a party, の中で whom were Messrs. Hardey, Clarkson, Bland, and Moore, was led over the 範囲s by 中尉／大尉／警部補 Dale.*** This 探検隊／遠征隊 formed the beginning of what has since become one of the finest 農業の centres in the 連邦／共和国.
(*Footnote. Cross, J. 定期刊行物s of Several 探検隊／遠征隊s in Western Australia pages 98 et seq.)
(**Footnote. Lands Department Western Australia 定期刊行物s of Explorers 容積／容量 1 manuscript.)
(***Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia pages 65 et seq; also Cross, J. 定期刊行物s of Several 探検隊／遠征隊s in Western Australia pages 155 et seq.)
Only three 付加 towns were 布告するd during the year--those of Kelmscott, Kingston, and Albany. Kingston, which was on Rottnest Island, never got beyond that 行う／開催する／段階. Several allotments were taken up, but no 試みる／企てる at building a 郡区 was ever made. With the 選び出す／独身 exception of Perth, very little 進歩 was made in any of the 郡区s. Fremantle as the port 陳列する，発揮するd a 確かな 量 of activity, but not in the direction of 築くing 永久の buildings. 存在 the 分配するing centre for 供給（する）s, it 誇るd some 公正に／かなり large 蓄える／店s, the 主要な／長／主犯 of which were those of Messrs. 漏れる, Shenton, and Samson, through whose energies a 月毎の service of boats was 就任するd between the port and Guildford. This was for many years the cheapest and safest 方式 of 輸送（する） for goods, though there 存在するd from 早期に in 1831 a 公正に／かなり good road between Perth and Fremantle. Other 証拠s of civilisation also began to make their 外見. That 広大な／多数の／重要な want of British communities--a newspaper--was met by the 問題／発行する, in manuscript, of the Western Australian Chronicle and Perth Gazette.* This was published by Mr. W.K. Shenton, and the price was 3 shillings and 6 pence per copy. Needless to say, it did not 生き残る many 問題／発行するs. Later in the year a 手渡す-printing 圧力（をかける） arrived from Tasmania, and a newspaper** printed on letter paper was 問題／発行するd in Fremantle by Messrs. Macfaull and Shenton. The 圧力（をかける） was 築くd in the shed in which the first bushel of wheat grown in the 植民地 was ground. Thus from the one building there 問題／発行するd food both for mind and 団体／死体. Want of news 原因（となる）d the publishers to 落ちる 支援する on 出資／貢献s, some of which may be 述べるd as 早期に nineteenth-century yellow-圧力（をかける） 成果／努力s, and which resulted in a 解散 of 共同. The paper was carried on by Mr. Macfaull, who was compelled, ーするために 安全な・保証する freedom from molestation, to 除去する the 圧力（をかける） to Hamilton Hill, some three miles out in the bush.*** The newspaper lasted only about twelve months, the returns not 存在 十分な to 支払う／賃金 th e rent of the 圧力（をかける）. The owner of the machine then started another paper called the Inquisitor,**** and 安全な・保証するd as contributors Captain Graham (以前は 知事 of Sierra Leone) Mr. Yule, a Scotch lawyer 指名するd Clark, and a merchant 指名するd Johnstone. So much talent 証明するd too 激しい for the 定期刊行物; serious 不一致s arose between members of the staff, ending in a duel between Clark and Johnstone, which was fought with ピストルs at North Fremantle on 17 August 1832*****--the only duel fought in Western Australia. Johnstone was fatally 負傷させるd, dying within twelve hours. The result was 平等に 致命的な to the newspaper, and ended the first 一時期／支部 of the history of journalism in the 植民地.
(*Footnote. The first 問題／発行する was 時代遅れの 19 February 1831 and the last Number 4 12 March 1831.)
(**Footnote. The Fremantle 観察者／傍聴者, Perth Gazette, and Western Australian Chronicle. First 問題／発行する 25 April 1831. Stirling E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 6 gives 1832 as the date of 問題／発行する. The actual dates are taken from the copies in the 植民地の Office.)
(***Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia pages 6 and 7.)
(****Footnote. Ibid page 7.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid page 7. See also letter from Harbourmaster, Fremantle, to 植民地の 長官 20 August 1832 植民地の 長官's Office 記録，記録的な／記録するs 1832.)
As 証拠 of the fact that the difficulties of their position were not 重さを計るing too ひどく upon the 植民／開拓者s, it may be について言及するd that in September the first 知事's ball was held. From the accounts 保存するd this seems to have been やめる a brilliant 事件／事情／状勢, and the supper, which one 記録，記録的な／記録する 述べるs as "an elegant and abundant one,"* rather appeared to discountenance the 声明 that the colonists were approaching the 瀬戸際 of 餓死.
(*Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 63.)
In December Captain James Stirling's （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 as 知事 and 指揮官-in-長，指導者, 同様に as one 任命するing him 副／悪徳行為-海軍大将 of the 植民地, arrived from England.* As soon as possible after the arrival of his （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 and 指示／教授／教育s, the 知事 called his 助言者s together, and the first sitting of the 法律を制定する 会議, 構成するd under the Order in 会議 of 1 November 1830, was held in February 1832.** The 主要な／長／主犯 商売／仕事 was the 設立 of a Civil 法廷，裁判所 having the 力／強力にするs of the 法廷，裁判所s of King's （法廷の）裁判, ありふれた 嘆願s, and 国庫. Mr. George Fletcher Moore was 任命するd Civil Commissioner, and the 法廷，裁判所 was opened in March 1832, the first 陪審／陪審員団 事例／患者 存在 tried in the に引き続いて June.
(*Footnote. Stirling to Lord Goderich 14 March 1832. The Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 33 明言する／公表するs that the first 会合 of the 会議 was held in January 1832. From the 派遣（する） it is evident that Stirling did not return to Perth from King George's Sound until the beginning of February, and the 会議s were 構成するd after that date. See also Morgan to Hay 8 March 1832.)
The other 事柄s which おもに 占領するd the attention of the 法律を制定する 会議 during the year were the shortness of 準備／条項s, the need of more livestock, and the 脅迫的な 態度 of the natives. The 可能性 of 飢饉, which had begun to 原因（となる） uneasiness in 1831, became more accentuated, and the want of food 供給（する）s 最高潮に達するd in a serious if not dangerous 状況／情勢 早期に in the に引き続いて year.* 大型船s which had for months been 推定する／予想するd to arrive with 準備／条項s failed to put in an 外見, the small 在庫／株 of wheat that had been raised 地元で was almost exhausted, and many of the 植民／開拓者s were 直面するd with 餓死. Some idea of the scarcity that 存在するd may be gleaned from the に引き続いて 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of prices: salt pork, from 10 to 14 続けざまに猛撃するs a 樽; wheat, 35 to 40 shillings per bushel; fresh meat, 1 shilling 10 pence per 続けざまに猛撃する; and butter (when procurable at all) 7 shillings per 続けざまに猛撃する.** The 植民地の 政府, realising the 真面目さ of the position, made 手はず／準備 to 補助装置 those 所有するing little ready money by 供給（する）ing 準備／条項s on credit out of the 政府 蓄える／店s. To encourage cultivation it was 通知するd that 支払い（額） for these 蓄える／店s could be made by 地元で-grown wheat on a basis of 15 shillings per bushel. All classes of the community were compelled to avail themselves of the 申し込む／申し出, as 事実上 the whole of the food 供給（する） remaining was in the 政府 蓄える／店s. The arrival of two small schooners*** in March and April relieved the position わずかに, and from the middle of the year a succession of 準備／条項-laden ships altogether 回避するd the danger of 飢饉.
(*Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary pages 98 and 104.)
(**Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 6.)
(***Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia pages 104 and 108.)
手渡す in 手渡す with the want of 準備／条項s went the absence of money and the 欠如（する） of 十分な livestock. Most of the money brought by the 植民／開拓者s had been spent in making useless 実験s or in 支払う／賃金ing for the necessaries of life at 飢饉 prices, so that nothing was left to 安全な・保証する necessary farming 器具／実施するs or to 購入（する） 在庫／株. One method 示唆するd as a way of 対処するing with the 財政上の difficulty was the 設立 of a bank. In May a prospectus was submitted to the 知事 asking for an 前進する of 5000 続けざまに猛撃するs from the 財務省 on the 安全 of twenty-five responsible persons. It was pointed out that if money could be 前進するd by the 政府 on the 割引 of 法案s at 5 per cent, the 植民地 would 利益 very かなり, as 植民／開拓者s were then borrowing at so much as 25 per cent.* The 知事 was unable, in 直面する of his 指示／教授／教育s, to 会合，会う the request, and 示唆するd that the colonists should raise the money by subscription. An 試みる／企てる to do this was 不成功の; the members of the community at that time were all borrowers. Very little actual cash was 利用できる; all 処理／取引s were by means of promissory 公式文書，認めるs of from 2 shillings and 6 pence 上向きs in value. Some 一時的な 救済 was afforded by an inventive genius 指名するd 支持を得ようと努めるd. There was at the time a coin 現在の in India called an Indian 捨てる, 概略で pentagonal in 形態／調整, made 推定では of silver, and in ありふれた use 事前の to the introduction of the rupee. 支持を得ようと努めるd bought up all the white metal teapots, spoons, etc., that were 利用できる, and 造幣局d them into 捨てるs, at the 額面価格 of the Indian coin. For some six months they were 設立する to be very useful, and in part 追い出すd the promissory 公式文書，認めるs. At the end of that period, however, the attention of the 当局 was drawn to the number of these coins, and the 計画／陰謀 was exposed with the result that for affording undoubted 財政上の 援助 支持を得ようと努めるd received a 宣告，判決 of seven years' transportation to 先頭 Diemen's Land.**
(*Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 113.)
(**Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 6.)
Apart from the ordinary necessaries of life, money was 不正に needed for the 購入（する） of 在庫／株, both cattle and sheep, for the pastures. The 植民／開拓者s themselves had not the 資本／首都 to lay out in 借り切る／憲章ing a 大型船 and 輸入するing animals, but they were 納得させるd that if the English 政府 would only come to their 援助 in that direction the cost might be met out of 後継するing 収穫s.* They pointed out that the acreage under 穀物 had 増加するd to 435, from which a 産する／生じる of fifteen bushels per acre was 推定する／予想するd,** and that the suitability of the 国／地域 for 農業の 目的s was 保証するd, so that there was not likely to be any 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty in 会合 the 前進するs asked for. To this request, as to the former one, the 知事 was compelled to give a 消極的な reply.
(*Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 104.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 117.)
A その上の question that became 激烈な／緊急の during the year 1832 was that of 保護 from the natives. The 積極的な 態度 可決する・採択するd by the aborigines in 1830 became more pronounced in 1831, when two servants were 殺人d and a かなりの number of the 在庫／株 stolen. During the 早期に part of 1832 there were no open 試みる／企てるs at 暴力／激しさ, but in May a party 長，率いるd by the stalwart Yagan, who seems to have been the leader in all the troubles, attacked two 植民／開拓者s on the Canning River and killed one of them. From that time the depredations became more たびたび（訪れる） and more daring, and so serious was the 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s that in June a 会合 of 植民／開拓者s at Guildford decided that the 植民地 must be abandoned unless ample steps were taken by the 政府 to 保護する life and 所有物／資産／財産.* ーするために afford all possible 援助 and so 会合，会う the wishes of the community, the 知事 すぐに 設立するd a police 軍隊, and in 報復 the natives speared his pigs.
(*Footnote. Ibid page 119.)
When these さまざまな questions--the scarcity of 準備／条項s, the want of money, the need of more livestock, and the 恐れる of native 侵略--are taken into consideration, it becomes evident that the 解決／入植地 in 1832 was in rather a parlous 明言する／公表する. So 納得させるd were the 植民／開拓者s that the only hope of 改良 and 援助 lay in a personal 控訴，上告 at （警察，軍隊などの）本部, that they 現在のd a 記念の to the 知事 asking him proceed to England and 現在の their 事例／患者 as 堅固に as possible to the 国務長官 for the 植民地s. It will be remembered that in 1831, when these 事柄s first called for consideration, the 知事 had been requested to draw attention to them in his 派遣（する）s. The fact that no reply had been received from home to those requests, 追加するd to the growing 主張 of their needs, 原因（となる）d the colonists to take the extreme step of requesting the 知事 to 現在の their 必要物／必要条件s in person to the English 当局.* On the advice of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 the 知事 agreed to do as requested, and on August 12 left Fremantle for London in H.M.S. Sulphur.** From a 派遣（する） to the 植民地の Office, which he 設立する 適切な時期 of 今後ing during the course of the voyage, we are able to get a very （疑いを）晴らす 見解（をとる） of the 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s and the 推論する／理由s which actuated him in acceding to the 記念の of the 植民／開拓者s. After referring to a previous 派遣（する） in which he had drawn attention to the 事柄s under review, he goes on to say:***
"In the course of a few weeks その後の to the date of that communication referred to, the evils which had been 心配するd began to be felt. The scarcity of money in 私的な 手渡すs and the 削減 in the 政府 支出 which took place in the 早期に part of the year had the 構成要素 影響 of discouraging 輸入 from the 隣人ing 植民地s, and the consequent high price of all the necessaries of life 急いでd that exhaustion which had been apprehended. In 新規加入 to these annoyances it was 設立する that the unfavourable accounts which had been spread regarding the 解決／入植地 had deterred persons from coming to it; the natives also began to be troublesome; and the 課税 of a 義務 on spirits which I みなすd it advisable in May last to pass into a 法律 悪化させるd the 不景気 of spirits which had so far 影響する／感情d the community as to 妨げる exertion and useful 憶測.
"説得するd that many of the evils complained of were attributable to the circumstances that …に出席する every new 解決／入植地, I felt 性質の／したい気がして to 信用 to the 操作／手術 of time and that 改良 which might be 推定する／予想するd from continuous 成果／努力s. But in a small community there is usually some one 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるing 感情, and as in this instance it happened to be of a desponding character, there was 推論する／理由 to apprehend that it would lead to a total remission of 労働, in which 事例／患者 the support of the colonists would 落ちる upon the public 蓄える／店s, or to the abandonment of the 企業 by those persons whose means and abilities were requisite for its success.
"Explanatory of the feelings above について言及するd, I beg leave to call Your Lordship's attention to the …を伴ってing 文書s (the 記念のs 以前 referred to). In these and in the Minutes of my (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議...it will be perceived that some 決定的な 対策 had become necessary to the successful 延長／続編 of the 企業.
"In a conversation which I had with some of the 主要な 植民／開拓者s in the latter part of June, I was respectfully solicited to 可決する・採択する 確かな changes in the 行為／行う of 政府 regarding the 増加する of public 支出, the 認めるing of 貸付金s, and the 廃止する of the 義務 on spirits; but as in taking such steps I should have 出発／死d from the 実体 of Your Lordship's 指示／教授／教育s without the justification of circumstances, I was under the necessity of 拒絶する／低下するing any serious 出発 from the line of 政策 which had been 可決する・採択するd, but I 明言する／公表するd my 準備完了 to 伝える to Your Lordship such 代表s regarding the real 明言する／公表する of the 解決／入植地 as would enable Your Lordship to 裁判官 of the course to be 追求するd. The length of time before an answer could be 推定する／予想するd and the difficulty in making 手はず／準備 of this 肉親，親類d by correspondence 存在 示唆するd, I was asked whether I would 請け負う to 代表する in person to His Majesty's 政府 the 明言する／公表する of the 植民地 and 支持する its 原因（となる）. I replied that it would not be proper for me to やめる the 植民地 unless it were recommended by the concurrent wishes of the 植民／開拓者s 捕まらないで, and that it would be useless on my part to go to England unless I had some 信頼できる 保証／確信 from the 主要な persons in the 植民地 that they would not remit any exertion in the 合間 for the 進歩 of the 請け負うing and the 維持／整備 of a proper feeling. If, however, I should be 満足させるd on these points, I should not 拒絶する／低下する the 使節団 提案するd to me. The gentlemen 現在の 明言する／公表するd it to be the general opinion that some such 手段 was requisite for the public 福利事業, and that they believed it would tend very much to 回復する 信用／信任, but that they would 協議する, with my 許可, public opinion upon the 支配する.
"Having brought the question referred to before my (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 on the 29th June...it was the 全員一致の opinion of the members that the 手段 提案するd would afford satisfaction to the community, tend to the good of His Majesty's Service, and go far to 回復する and 持続する those exertions on the に代わって of individuals which were necessary to the success of the 植民地. In consequence of this 推薦...I 決定するd upon its 採択 and 問題／発行するd a public 宣言 to that 影響."
(*Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 121; also Stirling to Lord Goderich 20 September 1832.)
(**Footnote. Stirling to Lord Goderich 20 September 1832.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
The above 抽出する from the 派遣（する） has been 引用するd at length ーするために 証明する the falsity of the 論争 put 今後 that the 反対する of the 知事's 使節団 to England was to endeavour to 安全な・保証する the transportation of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs* to the 植民地 ーするために 促進する the construction of roads, 橋（渡しをする）s, and other public 作品. Captain Irwin (who 命令（する）d the 軍隊／機動隊s in the 植民地 from 1829 till 1833, and who 行為／法令／行動するd as 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 after Captain Stirling's 出発) points out that no such wish was 表明するd in the 記念の of the colonists. "The colonists," he says,** "having had before their 注目する，もくろむs in the 隣人ing penal 解決／入植地s the serious evils （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるd on society by the 雇用 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs...have 堅固に resisted the 誘惑 to 捜し出す such a 治療（薬） for their wants." Considering that one of the 原則s laid 負かす／撃墜する on the 設立 of the 植民地 was that no 罪人／有罪を宣告するs should be sent there, a 原則 which no 疑問 影響（力）d many in deciding to emigrate, it is not likely that, even if such a request had been put 今後, the English 政府 would have given it any consideration at that 早期に 行う／開催する／段階 in the 植民地's history.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 14 September 1833 under 長，率いるing English News.)
(**Footnote. Irwin. 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia page 37; see also 記念の of 植民／開拓者s 2 September 1831.)
(***Footnote. Moore. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 144.)
One of the first difficulties that Captain Irwin had to 競う with after the 出発 of the 知事 was 新たにするd activity on the part of the natives. He had, however, the 一時的な satisfaction of 安全な・保証するing the 悪名高い Yagan,* who was 拘留するd on Carnac Island in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of Mr. R.M. Lyon, a gentleman with pronounced philanthropic 見解（をとる）s.** Every 試みる／企てる was made to civilize the native, but just as Mr. Lyon was beginning to feel that his methods were successful, Yagan escaped and 回復するd his tribe.*** The spearing of a 兵士's wife すぐに afterwards went a long way toward 疎遠にするing the little remaining sympathy of the whites for the aborigines.**** Even the 支持するs of kindly 治療 felt that 激烈な steps せねばならない be taken. As a result the history of 1833 and part of 1834 is 事実上 the tale of native 侵略 and repulsion. 窃盗s were incessant, 殺人s ますます たびたび（訪れる）, and the 植民／開拓者s lived in continual 恐れる of an 突発／発生, a 恐れる that was 高めるd by their knowledge of the 背信の and cunning nature of the aborigines. The colonists were also at a disadvantage in that the natives made no open attack, but 限定するd themselves to covert 行為／法令／行動するs of 窃盗 and to 行為／法令／行動するs of 暴力／激しさ and even 殺人 upon individual 植民／開拓者s or their servants. The 政府 forbade anything in the nature of an organised 探検隊／遠征隊 against the 黒人／ボイコットs; any 活動／戦闘 taken must be against individuals by way of 罰 for 明確な／細部 罪，犯罪s. This 外見 of 証拠不十分 on the part of the 植民／開拓者s, 連合させるd with the fact that the 初期の 恐れる of the white man's 武器s had worn off, 原因（となる）d the natives to become more daring, and by the middle of 1833 the 状況／情勢 was one of no little danger to the 植民地. Toward the end of April 1833, there occurred the wanton 殺人 of an unoffending native by one of Major Nairn's servants, who had 以前は been in Tasmania, 簡単に to show how the aborigines were dealt with there.***** すぐに afterwards another native was killed during an 試みる／企てる to 略奪する a 蓄える／店 at Fremantl e. These two deaths seem to have had a 悲惨な 影響 and to have raised a spirit of 復讐 の中で the surrounding tribes. Under the leadership of Yagan, Midgegooroo, and Munday--three redoubtable 長，指導者s--a party of natives 始める，決める out from Preston Point 早期に on 30 April with the 審議する／熟考する 意向 of committing 殺人 as an 行為／法令／行動する of 報復.****** Strange to say, they fell in with the same cart from which the Tasmanian had 発射 the innocent 黒人／ボイコット at almost 正確に the same 位置／汚点／見つけ出す on the Canning Road. In it were two brothers 指名するd Yelvick, servants of Mr. Phillips. These were speared, and the 団体／死体s mutilated beyond 承認, the 殺害者s afterwards escaping into the bush.******* Such an 行為／法令／行動する could not be 許すd to pass without the 最大の endeavours 存在 made to punish the 違反者／犯罪者s. Accordingly the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 問題／発行するd a 布告／宣言******** 無法者ing the three leaders and 申し込む／申し出ing rewards for their 逮捕, dead or alive. From that time it is evident that the 願望（する） for 復讐, irrespective of any question of 司法（官）, actuated the 植民／開拓者s 同様に as the natives.
(*Footnote. Moore. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 144.)
(**Footnote. Lyon to 国務長官 31 January 1833.)
(***Footnote. Ibid. See also Moore. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 146.)
(****Footnote. Moore. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 148.)
(*****Footnote. Perth Gazette 4 May 1833.)
(******Footnote. Ibid.)
(*******Footnote. Ibid. See also Moore. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 183.)
(********Footnote. Perth Gazette 4 May 1833.)
Parties were formed and the surrounding country scoured in every direction for Yagan and his companions. 結局, on 16 May Captain Ellis managed to 安全な・保証する Midgegooroo,* who, after a 患者 調査, was 非難するd to death and 公然と 発射 in 前線 of the Perth Gaol within a week of his 逮捕（する）, in the presence of the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 and 会議,** the event 存在 almost one of general rejoicing. The search for the other ringleaders was then continued with vigour, and it is to be 恐れるd that the feeling of 憎悪 and 不信 which then 存在するd was the 原因（となる） of more than one innocent native 存在 発射 負かす／撃墜する. To place the 事柄 on a saner 地盤 it became necessary for the 政府 to 問題／発行する a 布告／宣言*** pointing out that offences against the aborigines would be visited with the same 罰 as if committed against any other of His Majesty's 支配するs. This and the fact that 支持するs were not wanting who pointed out that the natives were 単に obeying a natural or 部族の 法律 stopped the continuance of 乱暴／暴力を加えるs, but did not 原因（となる） the 植民／開拓者s to relax their 成果／努力s to 逮捕（する） Yagan and Munday. The death of the formidable leader was finally encompassed by what was an undoubted 行為／法令／行動する of treachery. Two lads 指名するd Keats 観察するd Yagan and some companions making their way to the house of 中尉／大尉／警部補 Bull for flour; they fraternised with them, and then as soon as a favourable 適切な時期 occurred the 年上の 発射 Yagan in 冷淡な 血. In 報復 the natives attacked the lads and 後継するd in 殺人，大当り the 殺害者, though not until a second 黒人／ボイコット had been 派遣（する）d.**** The two aborigines 主として 責任がある the 衝突s that had occurred 存在 thus accounted for, the 政府, as a 記念品 of 仲直り, 除去するd the 禁止（する） of outlawry from the remaining leader Munday.***** Other steps were also taken to bring about a friendlier 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s; these met with some degree of success, and for a few months the 植民／開拓者s had freedom from molestation.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 4 May 1833.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 25 May 1833.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 1 June 1833.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 13 July. See also Moore. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 205.)
(*****Footnote. By 布告／宣言. See Perth Gazette 27 July 1833 and Irwin to Lord Goderich 10 August 1833.)
Notwithstanding the 不安 created by these troubles, the area of land under 刈る was 増加するd during 1833 to something like 600 acres,* and it was felt that there was every prospect of 得るing 十分な 穀物 to 会合，会う the wants of the community. In fact, a ship from Tasmania with a 貨物 of 2000 bushels of wheat,** sent by 知事 Arthur during June, returned to Hobart with the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that the 穀物 was not 要求するd. 構成要素 進歩 was 証拠d by the 改良s in methods of communication. Roads were 存在 made between the 解決／入植地s, channels through the flats at the 現在の Causeway were begun, and 改良s to the jetty at Fremantle were under consideration. A 週刊誌 newspaper, the Perth Gazette and Western Australian 定期刊行物--which still lives as the West Australian--was 設立するd at the beginning of the year, and 発揮するd かなりの 影響（力） in the 進歩 of the 解決／入植地.** One of its first 活動／戦闘s was to 生き返らせる the agitation for the 設立 of a bank. The question was also taken up by the 農業の Society, but the same 障害s which had 以前 stood in the way of its 解答 still 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd. The Society, therefore, sought to form an 会・原則 which might be able to 供給（する） some of the 利益s of a bank, though not in the way of 通貨の 貸付金s.*** The result was the 設立 of the Swan River 物々交換する Society,**** each member of which agreed to 受託する the 公式文書，認めるs of any other member in lieu of cash, 供給するd they were 現在のd によれば a 規定するd form. Two forms were 供給するd, one for the use of agriculturists and the other for merchants. The person who tendered the 公式文書，認める for 支払い（額） to any agriculturist had the 権利 to choose the 肉親，親類d of produce he would take for it, and the agriculturist was not compelled to take from the merchant any article not in general 消費. The 会・原則 was to be under the wing of the 農業の Society, which was to settle any 論争s about prices or values. Each member was 許すd fifty 公式文書，認めるs, each 公式文書，認める having a 額面価格 of 1 続けざまに猛撃する. Any defaulter was to be すぐに 除外するd from the 特権s of the Society. Although never fully carried out, the 事業／計画（する） met with a 確かな 量 of success, and to it is 予定 that system of 交流 and 物々交換する which in the absence of 十分な ready money became so general in 後継するing years throughout Western Australia.
(*Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 8.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 14 September 1833.)
(***Footnote. Moore. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 202.)
(****Footnote. Perth Gazette 12 October 1833.)
Another system 始めるd during 1833 was that of parcelling out allotments of from twenty acres 上向きs to servants and labourers.* Two 反対するs were sought to be 達成するd by this 出発--to keep a 十分な 量 of 労働 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 解決／入植地 and to give the working class an 適切な時期 of building up a competence. Unfortunately the 計画／陰謀 met with very little success, probably 予定 to want of good feeling between servants and masters. Many of the 植民／開拓者s were unsuitable for their positions as masters, and a 広大な／多数の／重要な number of the servants were utterly incompetent as agriculturists. Its 失敗 is a 事柄 for 悔いる, as efficient 労働 was 緊急に needed, and the stream of 移民／移住 had been very 逆に 影響する／感情d by the misrepresentations spread abroad, and by the superior 誘導s which the other 植民地s were believed to afford.
(*Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 199.)
An 試みる／企てる was made during the year to open up relations with India, and a company was formed at Calcutta with that 反対する in 見解（をとる）. It was 提案するd to 設立する an Anglo-Indian 解決／入植地 近づく King George's Sound, and the barque 水銀柱，温度計 left Calcutta in October with the first 負担 of 乗客s and 在庫／株. Unfortunately she was lost with all 手渡すs. Such a sad event 自然に put an end to the 操作／手術s of the company, and Western Australia lost what would have almost certainly 証明するd to be a very 価値のある 取得／買収 to her 資源s.*
(**Footnote. Irwin. 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia page 97.)
探検の／予備の work during 1832 and 1833 was 事実上 限定するd to (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述するing the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing 地区s already recognised as 存在 within the 解決／入植地. The area of country of which the 行政 所有するd, at any 率, some general knowledge was large enough to 会合，会う any 需要・要求するs for land that were likely to made. It was felt that greater 利益 would result to the 植民地 if more were known of that area than if time were spent in 安全な・保証するing a vague idea of 部分s lying beyond it. In 新規加入, the roving spirit and the 願望（する） to 捜し出す for some new place were wearing off. The 植民／開拓者s whose opinions would have been of any value were 活発に 雇うd in （疑いを）晴らすing and 工場／植物ing their own 認めるs. The 公式の／役人s were busily engaged in their 公式の／役人 義務s and had little spare time for outside work. にもかかわらず, from time to time trips were undertaken and results of value 達成するd. Ensign Dale and Dr. Collie 大いに 濃厚にするd the 蓄える／店 of （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the 地区 around King George's Sound, and J.G. Bussell made a careful examination of the Vasse 地区, which resulted in the profitable 解決／入植地 of that 部分 of the country.*
(*Footnote. Cross, J. 定期刊行物s of 探検隊／遠征隊s made in Western Australia pages 132, 161, 168 et seq.)
Captain Irwin, who had 占領するd the position of 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 from the date of Captain Stirling's 出発, left for England in September 1833, and Captain Richard A. Daniell became 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 for the remaining period of Stirling's absence.*
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 21 September 1833.)
The year 1834 証言，証人／目撃するd the 復活 of the 初めの 希望に満ちた spirit on the part of the 植民／開拓者s. This seems to have been 予定 in part to （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） which reached the 植民地 toward the end of 1833, to the 影響 that the 知事 had met with a large 手段 of success in his 代表s to the Home 当局.* The 主要な／長／主犯 推論する／理由, however, was that the colonists had learnt the lesson of colonisation--that 満足な results could not be looked for all at once, but could be 達成するd only by years of toil. Their experience of the previous years had given them a knowledge of the 国／地域 and its 可能性s; they knew what to do, and were no longer 実験ing in the dark. They recognised that the country 所有するd all the potentialities necessary for the realisation of their 初めの 期待s, but that its rewards were only for those who were 用意が出来ている to 労働 and wait. The factors that had operated in retarding the 拡大 of the 植民地 may be summed up as: (1) the misrepresentations of those who had left the 解決／入植地, (2) the strict 固守 on the part of the British 政府 to the 条件s under which the 植民地 was 設立するd, (3) the ignorance on the part of the colonists of the difficulties that 直面するd them, and (4) the want of 十分な 労働.
(*Footnote. Ibid 31 August and 14 September 1833.)
Perhaps the most important of all these factors was the want of 十分な 労働. There is ample 証拠 that the indenture system was a 失敗, and the 大多数 of the 解放する／自由な labourers in the 植民地 were of an idle, dissolute character.* 解放する／自由な 労働 could only have been introduced by a vigorous 移住 計画／陰謀 on the part of the 植民地の Office, and this, in the 利益／興味s of economy, the British 政府 was not 用意が出来ている to 請け負う. The only other means of 安全な・保証するing 労働 would have been the introduction of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system, and this was 特に 禁じるd under the 規則s upon which the 植民地 was 設立するd. There is no 疑問 that 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働 would have been helpful in many ways, more 特に in a 大部分は 増加するd flow of money into the 植民地,** in the erection of public buildings, in the 早い 設立 of means of communication between the さまざまな parts of the 解決／入植地, and in 供給するing 付加 労働 for the 植民／開拓者s in the cultivation of the land.
(*Footnote. Narrative of a Voyage to Swan River 収集するd by the Reverend J.G. Powell London 1831 pages 208 to 109.)
(**Footnote. The 量 expended by 議会の 認める on Swan River up to 31 March 1832 (three years) was 41,045 続けざまに猛撃するs, see Lord Goderich to Stirling 8 March 1833. The 量 expended by the British 政府 upon New South むちの跡s up to 30 June 1793 (five years) was 473,044 続けざまに猛撃するs, Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of New South むちの跡s 容積／容量 2 page 43.)
Although there was no general request for the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働, 孤立するd suggestions for its introduction were made as 早期に as 1831, both by persons 利益／興味d in the 植民地* and by individual 植民／開拓者s,** 同様に as by the newspaper published in the 植民地.*** One of 植民／開拓者s, R.M. Lyon,**** said:
"The 政府 need not 恐れる the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of a 違反 of 約束. The 植民／開拓者s to a man have changed their opinion since they 野営するd within the shores of Australia. There can, therefore, be no 違反 of 約束 in 認めるing them a boon which will be 有益な to all, and the only thing which can save most of them from utter 廃虚. A 植民／開拓者 of the first 階級 and 資本／首都 said to me, 'I （機の）カム here because no 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were to be sent, but so 完全に are my 感情s altered on the 支配する that if a 嘆願（書） for 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働 were moved tomorrow, I should be ready to put my 指名する to it.'"
(*Footnote. 陸軍大佐 Lautour to Lord Howick 9 January 1831 and James Mangles (Stirling's father-in-法律) to Lord Goderich 17 January 1831.)
(**Footnote. R.M. Lyon to 国務長官 11 February 1831; Captain Bannister 報告（する）／憶測 of a 旅行 to King George's Sound in Cross, J. 定期刊行物s of 探検隊／遠征隊s page 108; John Morgan to Hay 17 May 1834.)
(***Footnote. Fremantle 観察者／傍聴者 3 May 1831 引用するd by The Times 3 November 1831. See Mills, R.C. Colonisation of Australia page 71 公式文書，認める. So far as I am aware there is no copy of the Fremantle 観察者／傍聴者 for the date について言及するd in 存在.)
(****Footnote. Lyon to 国務長官 11 February 1831. From a general review of the correspondence between Lyon and the 植民地の Office, I am inclined to think that he was not a good 裁判官 of the 態度 of the colonists as a whole, either on this or any other question.)
Captain Irwin, in 1834 and 1835, 示唆するd the introduction of Indian 罪人／有罪を宣告するs for the construction of public 作品.*
(*Footnote. Captain Irwin to Shaw Lefevre 3 July 1834 and to Lord Glenelg 27 May 1835.)
It is probable that Wakefield had in mind these individual requests in 1831 and 1833* and that they were also in the mind of Mr. Henry Labouchere,** who 明言する／公表するd in the House of ありふれたs that he understood that the colonists had asked for 罪人／有罪を宣告するs and that the 使用／適用 had been 認めるd. Wakefield repeated the 主張 in 1836,*** but at that time he probably had knowledge of the 嘆願（書） from the 植民／開拓者s at King George's Sound.
(*Footnote. Literary Gazette 29 October 1831; England and America 容積／容量 2 page 116 1833.)
(**Footnote. Hansard third series 容積／容量 10 page 507. See also 否定 by Captain Irwin in 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia 1835 page 37.)
(***Footnote. House of ありふれたs 委員会 on Waste Lands 1836 question 592 in Accounts and Papers 1836 容積／容量 11 page 499.)
This 嘆願（書）* was the first 限定された request made by a 団体／死体 of 植民／開拓者s for the 設立 of a penal 解決／入植地, and even then was only 調印するd by sixteen persons. The 居住（者）s of Albany, disheartened by the 裁判，公判s and difficulties of 開拓するing work, and probably 影響（力）d by the remembrance that the first 植民／開拓者s at King George's Sound were 罪人／有罪を宣告するs,** decided to 嘆願（書） the 皇室の 政府 to 許す 罪人／有罪を宣告するs to be sent to Western Australia. They recognised that the 植民地 was 設立するd upon the 原則s of 解放する／自由な 労働 and that the presence of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 申し込む／申し出d serious 反対s, but 勧めるd that 軍隊d 労働 was necessary to open up proper lines of communication between the さまざまな 解決／入植地s and to 請け負う those other 作品 by which alone the 進歩 and 繁栄 of the 植民地 could be 安全な・保証するd. They were 説得するd that the country was not deficient in natural 可能性s, but felt that in the absence of a market the 植民／開拓者 had no 誘導 to 労働. The only 治療（薬） was the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. Failing that, they felt the 解決／入植地 could 前進する only at the sacrifice of the first 植民／開拓者s and their entire 資本／首都. The 嘆願（書） 明らかに did not 会合，会う with any support from 植民／開拓者s in other parts of the 植民地,*** and though 今後d by the 知事 to the 国務長官, it was …を伴ってd by the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that he did not feel 性質の／したい気がして to recommend it.**** Under the circumstances the 嘆願（書） was 辞退するd,***** but the 知恵 of the 大多数 of the 植民／開拓者s and of the Home 当局 may be questioned in the light of events of いっそう少なく than fifteen years afterwards, when at the request of the colonists 一般に 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were introduced to carry out the same 政策 of construction and 開発 that was 勧めるd at this time, and which would have been of such inestimable value to the 植民／開拓者s of those 早期に days.
(*Footnote. 嘆願（書） of 植民／開拓者s at King George's Sound to 国務長官 (in Stirling to Spring Rice 3 December 1834). See also Perth Gazette 8 November 1834 which gives an account of the 会合 at which the 嘆願（書） was arranged.)
(**Footnote. The 罪人／有罪を宣告する 解決／入植地 at King George's Sound under the 政府 of New South むちの跡s was 設立するd in December 1826, and the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were 孤立した in March 1831 when King George's Sound was transferred to the 政府 of Western Australia. See 賭け金. J.D. Rogers, Australasia page 79, erroneously gives 1830 as the latter date.)
(***Footnote. Irwin, F.C. 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia pages 71 to 73; Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 9.)
(****Footnote. Stirling to Spring Rice 3 December 1834.)
(*****Footnote. Lord Glenelg to Stirling 11 June 1835.)
The 復活 of hope and 信用／信任 in 1834, already referred to, resulted in a 安定した 進歩 存在 manifest. This was more evident, perhaps, in the settled and 整然とした 条件 of the towns and 選択s than in any 異常な 増加する in the 生産／産物 of the 国／地域, though the 報告（する）／憶測 of the 農業の Society for 1834* considered the results 達成するd in the way of 農業の and pastoral 開発 were very encouraging. 統計（学） collected for the 目的s of the 報告（する）／憶測 showed that there were 809 acres under 穀物 of さまざまな 肉親，親類d, 109 産する／生じるing potatoes and other vegetables and fruits, and 118 lying fallow, which would have been utilised but for the absence of seed wheat. The 利用できる 在庫／株 consisted of 84 horses, 78 損なうs, 307 cows, 96 working cattle, 97 bulls and steers, 3545 sheep, 492 goats, and 374 pigs. The wool clip for the year 量d to 5884 続けざまに猛撃するs. Nearly every 肉親，親類d of European fruit-tree and shrub had been 工場／植物d, and some of them, 特に the vine, olive, fig, and peach, appeared to 栄える 井戸／弁護士席. Both this and the 先行する 報告（する）／憶測 について言及する the occurrence of a 病気 の中で the livestock which had been the 原因（となる） of かなりの loss, and which even the most experienced の中で 在庫／株 failed to 診断する. Many of the flocks and herds were moved from the coast to the Avon 地区 in the hope that a change of herbage would stamp out the evil. Unfortunately the change served to make the mortality only greater. As a 事柄 of fact, this was the Western Australian 農業者s' first experience of the poisonous 工場／植物s growing in さまざまな 地区s, and which have been the 原因（となる） of so much trouble and expense ever since. This 報告（する）／憶測 of the 農業の Society is of particular value, sounding as it does the first 際立った 公式文書，認める of 信用／信任 in the 未来 of the 植民地.
(*Footnote. Irwin, F.C. 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia 一時期／支部 4.)
In the 条件 of the towns may be 設立する, perhaps, the best 索引 of the 進歩 of the 解決／入植地 during the first five years of its 存在.* Fremantle had become a compact little seaport town with a few made roads and the predominance of hotels and 蓄える／店s usual to such places. フェリー（で運ぶ）s across the river had been 設立するd at Fremantle, Preston Point, 開始する Eliza, and Guildford, and road 同様に as river communication 存在するd between the port and the 資本／首都. Perth had grown into a large straggling village, with one main street, St. George's Terrace, which ran 平行の with the river and was about a mile in length. On either 味方する of it were the 知事's House, 政府 Offices, Commissariat 蓄える／店s, 法廷，裁判所-House, 刑務所，拘置所, and 兵舎. The last-指名するd 占領するd the 場所／位置 on the north 味方する of the 現在の 財務省 Buildings, and to their presence Barrack Street 借りがあるs its 指名する. Cloistered 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the offices were the dwellings of many of those engaged therein, and from the surrounding bush there peeped 前へ／外へ the modest dwellings of the 植民／開拓者s. To the 西方の was a flour-mill, 築くd at かなりの cost by the Civil Engineer, Mr. H.W. Reveley, a personal friend of Byron and Shelley. Across the river at Point Belches (now Mill Point) was another mill, the 所有物／資産／財産 of Mr. W.K. Shenton, the 塀で囲むs of which are still standing. Along the course of the river from Perth to Guildford were many farms and 選択s, some of which, 顕著に those of Messrs. Hardey and Clarkson at the 半島, showed the work of experienced 手渡すs. Guildford itself was an 未開発の village, composed 主として of servants and others to whom small 認めるs had been made. Beyond the town, at the junction of the Helena and the Swan, were many of the 主要な／長／主犯 選択s. The 国／地域 was good and the 状況／情勢 admirable. Here were the 所有物／資産／財産s of Captains Stirling and Meares, Messrs. Walcott and 井戸／弁護士席s, and many others. Higher up the river were the 認めるs of Dr. Harris, Messrs. Yule, 漏れる, Lennard, Brockman, Mackie, Irwin, and others, all of wh om had 労働d to make their holdings successful, and to whom much of the 新たにするd spirit of 信用／信任 was 予定. In the Canning 地区, which was connected with Perth by two roads--one through South Perth and the other through Guildford--were the 所有物／資産／財産s of Major Nairn, Messrs. Bull, Phillips, Wallace, Bickley, Hester, and Captain Bannister, all of which were 存在 （疑いを）晴らすd and 改善するd. Kelmscott, which had been 布告するd some two years 以前, 存在するd only in 指名する, no 開発 having taken place, probably 借りがあるing to distance from the market. York was reached by a bush road from Guildford. The 主要な／長／主犯 植民／開拓者s there were Messrs. Bland, Trimmer, and 傷をいやす／和解させる, the first of whom 充てるd his attention to pastoral 追跡s with かなりの success. On the Murray were the 設立s of Messrs. Peel and Hall and Captain Byrne. Other 認めるs had been made in the 地区, but 恐れる of the natives kept the owners from living upon them. At Augusta good 進歩 had been made, 大部分は through the 成果／努力s of Captain Molloy and Messrs. Turner and Bussell. The 全住民 numbered about 100 and formed on the whole a 公正に／かなり 繁栄する little community. The 解決／入植地 at Albany made little 前進する, notwithstanding the 成果／努力s of Sir Richard Spencer, the 政府 居住（者）, to 押し進める it 今後. The few people who were there seem to have developed a Micawber-like habit of waiting for something to turn up. Port Leschenault, like Kelmscott, remained a 解決／入植地 単に in 指名する.
(*Footnote. Irwin, F.C. 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia 一時期／支部 4.)
No part of the 植民地, as may be seen, could be said to have 前進するd with any degree of rapidity, but there is ample 証拠 that, にもかかわらず their despondency, the 植民／開拓者s as a whole were doing everything that 限られた／立憲的な 施設s would 許す to lay the 創立／基礎 of 未来 繁栄 and permanence. They were still 悩ますd by the want of ready money or specie and the scarcity of 準備／条項s. The first difficulty was in some degree met by the 問題／発行する from the Commissariat Office of 1 続けざまに猛撃する 公式文書，認めるs, 調印するd by the 副-Assistant Commissary-General and countersigned by two members of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議, and made payable on 需要・要求する either in specie or by 財務省 法案.* The second was not so easily 治療（薬）d. A 再発 of the 条件s of 1832, 連合させるd with the fact that the 在庫／株 of 地元で-grown wheat had been almost exhausted, brought the 植民／開拓者s once more 危険に の近くに to 餓死. For some unexplained 推論する／理由 the 当局 did not at first seem to realise the position, and it was not until 事柄s reached a 批判的な 行う／開催する／段階 that the 政府 schooner was 派遣（する）d to the Mauritius for 供給（する）s. By the beginning of September it was 設立する necessary to 演習 the strictest economy in the use of the remaining foodstuffs,** and until the arrival of several ships later in the month the 植民／開拓者s were 事実上 減ずるd to a 飢饉 diet. Though the danger was that 回避するd, high prices continued to 支配する until the end of 1833, when a plentiful 収穫 brought the cost of living 負かす／撃墜する to normal, and dispelled the 恐れる of その上の scarcity of the necessaries of life in the 即座の 未来.***
(*Footnote. 布告／宣言 10 January 1834 see Perth Gazette 11 January 1834.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 13 and 20 September 1834.)
(***Footnote. Moore G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia pages 291 to 292.)
The 一時的休止，執行延期 from native attacks and depredations that followed the death of Yagan was ended 早期に in 1834 by the same 禁止（する）d of natives--the Murray River tribe--which had 原因（となる）d most of the previous trouble. The members of this tribe, which was the only one with which the colonists had so far any difficulty, were of a savage and warlike disposition, 有能な of any degree of treachery, and most inveterate thieves. From the beginning of the year they had been very troublesome throughout the Swan River 地区, and in April became so fearless as to make an attack in open daylight upon Mr. Shenton's mill at Point Belches.* After 脅すing to kill the occupants if they 試みる／企てるd to raise an alarm, they 略奪するd the place and carried off about half a トン of flour. For this offence four natives were 逮捕（する）d, three of whom were 公然と flogged.** About the same time an attack was made upon Mr. Burges' farm and a 量 of wheat was stolen.*** One of the natives 関心d in this （警察の）手入れ，急襲 was 逮捕（する）d, and 限定するd in the 兵士s' 兵舎. In 試みる／企てるing to escape he was 発射 by a 兵士 指名するd Larkin. This 始める，決める the 部族の 法律 of 報復 in 動議 and Larkin soon 苦しむd the 刑罰，罰則, 存在 speared in the 兵舎' enclosure.****
(*Footnote. Ibid page 217; Perth Gazette 26 April 1834.)
(**Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 8. Perth Gazette 3 May 1834.)
(***Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 8.)
(****Footnote. Perth Gazette 3 and 10 May 1834.)
This open 反抗 threw the 植民／開拓者s into a 明言する／公表する 国境ing upon panic. The 政府, loth to take 激烈な 活動／戦闘, 限定するd itself to ordering Captain Ellis, the Superintendent of police, to search for the 殺害者 and patrol the 解決／入植地 as a means of 保護. The 救済 afforded by these 対策, however, was only 一時的な. The natives moved outside the area of patrol, and soon there （機の）カム news of 殺人s on the York Road and away in the Murray 地区. So strong was the 対立 shown by the natives along the Murray toward the whites that few were 勇敢に立ち向かう enough 試みる／企てる to cultivate their 認めるs. The 地区 所有するd some of the best land known to 存在する, and many 認めるs had been taken up, but the 恐れる 奮起させるd by the aborigines almost 原因（となる）d their abandonment.* 事柄s reached a 最高潮 in July, when two 植民／開拓者s were 殺人d and two others 厳しく 負傷させるd. These 罪，犯罪s put any その上の thought of 穏やかな 治療 out of the question. The 当局 were compelled to mete out 激烈な 罰 to the ferocious 黒人／ボイコットs, who robbed with impunity and did not hesitate to 脅す the 植民／開拓者s with death. The Swan River natives 存在 静かな and 平和的な, Captain Ellis was 教えるd to proceed with a 団体／死体 of police to the Murray 地区. At the same time the 知事 paid a 商売／仕事 visit to Mr. Peel, whose 認める was within the area of 騒動. On arrival an 探検隊／遠征隊 was organised, which proceeded toward the 提案するd town, Pinjarra. Here it fell in with the main 団体／死体 of natives, and the 遭遇（する） since known as the 戦う／戦い of Pinjarra took place.** The 約束／交戦 was short but sharp, and in the result more than half the male members of the tribe were killed and several of the women and children 逮捕（する）d. The attacking 軍隊 did not 現れる scatheless, and unfortunately Captain Ellis was so 厳しく 負傷させるd that he died within a fortnight. The 囚人s were 解放（する）d and 教えるd to return to their friends with the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that any 再発 of the troubles or any 試みる／企てる to avenge the puni shment just （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるd would be met by the 破壊 of the whole tribe. This salutary lesson, which せねばならない have been given two years earlier, ended all trouble as far as the Murray River tribe was 関心d. On the return of the 探検隊／遠征隊, 提案s for an 実験 in civilising the natives were 始める，決める on foot, and a reserve at the foot of 開始する Eliza was used for the 目的.*** One of the 植民／開拓者s, Mr. F.F. Armstrong, who had become familiar with native ways, was placed in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金, and for many years carried on the work with fair success. This movement undoubtedly helped toward bringing about a better understanding, at the same time served to show that the colonists did not look upon the aborigines 単に as vermin and therefore to be 皆殺しにするd.
(*Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 8.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 1 November 1834; Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 236; Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 9; Irwin, E. 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia page 26.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 13 December 1834.)
In June the 知事, who had been away from the 植民地 since August 1832, landed at King George's Sound, but did not reach Perth until a couple of months later.* His return was made the 支配する of general rejoicing, more 特に as it was thought that the rumours of his success** in his 使節団 were in the main true. The alterations in the system of 治める／統治するing were,*** すぐに, that the 法律を制定する 会議 was to be 増加するd by the 新規加入 of four 非公式の members to be 指名するd by the 知事, and its 開会／開廷／会期s were to be open to the public. The civil and 軍の 設立s were to be 増加するd and the 支出 in regard to them placed upon a different 地盤. 歳入 was to be derived from a 義務 on spirits and sales of 栄冠を与える lands, 補足（する）d by a 植民地の 認める or 認める-in-援助（する） from the 皇室の 財務省 十分な to 会合，会う the necessary 支出. The 支出 was to be 配分するd and controlled 地元で, 支配する, of course, to disallowance by the Home 当局. The land 法律s were to be liberalised so as to enable occupants to 配置する／処分する／したい気持ちにさせる of their holdings, even though the 条件s of 改良 had not been carried out. The 植民地の 蓄える／店s were to be の近くにd, but 十分な foodstuffs to 妨げる 飢饉 were to be kept in the Commissariat 蓄える／店s, such 供給（する）s to be 得るd from 地元の sources where possible. The gist of these alterations, without any について言及する of the method of 増加するing the 会員の地位 of the 法律を制定する 会議, had been communicated by Stirling to 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 Irwin in the previous year.**** In 結論するing that letter he says:
"I cannot 結論する my 言及／関連 to these several 譲歩s without the 表現 of the hope which I entertain that they will 安全な・保証する, in 合同 with 私的な 産業 and 企業, the 未来 繁栄 of the 植民地, and that the 植民／開拓者s will 見解（をとる） them as a proof on the part of His Majesty's 政府 of its anxious 願望（する） to 促進する their 利益／興味s to the 最大の extent which circumstances will 許す."
(*Footnote. Stirling to the 権利 Honourable E.G. Stanley September 1834; Perth Gazette 19 July and 23 August 1834.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 12 October 1833, 26 April 1834.)
(***Footnote. Lord Goderich to Stirling 8 March 1833; E.G. Stanley to Stirling 27 and 28 July and 3 October 1833 in Perth Gazette 8 August 1835.)
(****Footnote. Stirling to Irwin 26 April 1833.)
The satisfaction that had been 表明するd when the tenor of the alterations became known in 1833 was かなり 修正するd when the exact 条件 were made public, and it was seen that the 提案s scarcely met the difficulties referred to in the 記念の of 1832. It was decided, however, to take no その上の 活動／戦闘 until the new system was brought fully into 操作／手術. This the 知事 proceeded to do with all possible 派遣（する）. On 26 August 1834, a 政府 notice was 問題／発行するd* 詳細（に述べる）ing the 増加するd civil 設立 and the 規則s for the 管理／経営 of public 商売／仕事. This was followed in September** by the 支配するs and 規則s for the assignment of town allotments, 供給するing that a 権利 of 占領／職業 might be 安全な・保証するd at a 最小限 price of from 2 to 5 続けざまに猛撃するs によれば the town, which 権利 would 合併する into a 肩書を与える in 料金 simple as soon as 確かな 規定するd 改良s had been 影響d and a 料金 paid for 登録. In October*** the 条件s of sale of 栄冠を与える lands at a 最小限 of 5 shillings per acre (as 以前 決定するd) were published, and in January 1835**** the 知事 laid before the 法律を制定する 会議 the 見積（る）s of 歳入 and 支出 for the year. This was the first 文書 of its 肉親，親類d, and as it 含む／封じ込めるd the 計画（する）s for 改訂するing and 延長するing the 歳入 and 支出 which had been decided upon during the 知事's visit to England it created かなりの public 利益／興味. In bringing it 今後 Stirling was careful to call the attention of the 会議 to a 派遣（する）***** by which the 手続き was authorised, and in which it was laid 負かす／撃墜する that 支配（する）／統制する over the 見積（る）s 延長するd only to the 歳入 raised by 地元の 課税, and did not 言及する to "基金s arising from the 所有物／資産／財産 or droits of the 栄冠を与える." That the 提案s would not 会合，会う with the 是認 of the people even the 知事 himself seems to have been aware, as he 提案するd that the 会議 should form itself into a 委員会****** to consider them in his absence and to 示唆する others if it failed to appr ove of them. This course was 可決する・採択するd, and in the result fresh 提案s were 示唆するd by the 委員会.******* The 主要な／長／主犯 point of difference was the expense necessary to 持続する a police 軍団. The 反対 raised was that this meant 増加するd 課税, and that if such 課税 had to be 課すd the money derived might be better spent on more 緊急の 必要物／必要条件s such as roads and 橋（渡しをする）s. It is a curious fact that on more than one occasion the roads and 橋（渡しをする）s 投票（する） has 決定するd the 運命／宿命 of 植民地の 政府s. Feeling that he was not 正当化するd in hanging up the whole 予算 until the opinion of the Home 当局 was known, the 知事 受託するd the 修正するd 提案s and the 見積（る）s were then 認可するd.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 30 August 1834.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 20 September 1834.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 25 October 1834.)
(****Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 5 January in Perth Gazette 10 January 1835.)
(*****Footnote. Lord Goderich to Stirling 4 March 1832.)
(******Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 24 March 1835 in Perth Gazette 28 March 1835.)
(*******Footnote. Ibid 31 March 1835 Perth Gazette 5 April 1835.)
The 会社／堅い stand taken by the 会議 in this 事柄 was 予定 おもに to a large public 会合 of 植民／開拓者s called by requisition to the 郡保安官 and held in February 1835,* at which 不満 with the results of the 知事's 使節団 was 表明するd in no uncertain 発言する／表明する. The real source of the trouble was unquestionably the 改正 in the 憲法 of the 法律を制定する 会議. The colonists 推定する／予想するd that 非公式の members, whom it was 提案するd to 追加する, would be elected and not 指名するd. When it was 設立する that such was not to be the 事例／患者, the cry that it was against the spirit of the British 憲法 to be 税金d without 代表 was raised, and the 示唆するd 財政上の 提案s strenuously …に反対するd. So strong was the feeling that the 知事 was requested not to carry the 準備／条項 for 指名するd members into 影響. As a 事柄 of fact, no 新規加入s to the 会議 were made by this means during the 行政 of 知事 Stirling, though the 延期する was 予定 not to any deference to the wishes of the colonists, but to 指示／教授／教育s from the 植民地の Office not to 増加する the number of members until その上の advised.** The Order in 会議 増加するing the number of the 法律を制定する 会議 was not 問題／発行するd until 1 August 1838.*** Other 事柄s besides the questions of the augmentation of the 法律を制定する 会議 and the 削減 of the police 軍団 that were dealt with at the 会合 referred to were the 無（不）能 of the colonists to 耐える その上の 課税; the 出版（物） of 政府 accounts; the inadvisability of その上の 課税 until elective 代表 in the 会議 was 譲歩するd; 激しい非難 of the 出発 from the 初めの 条件s of the land 規則s of 1829; a request that the extent of the land 認めるs made to civil, 海軍の, and 軍の officers be made public; and a 決意／決議 in favour of the 設立 of a bank. The 植民／開拓者s その上の 表明するd 不満 with the tenor of the 派遣（する）s received from the Home 当局, which they considered unexplainable except on the hypothesis that 信頼できる （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the 条件 of the 植民地 was not 今後d by the 地元の 政府. All these points were subsequently 具体的に表現するd in a 記念の**** and transmitted to the 国務長官.*****
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 21 February 1835.)
(**Footnote. Stanley to Stirling 3 October 1833.)
(***Footnote. 布告／宣言 Perth Gazette 5 January 1839.)
(****Footnote. For copy of 記念の see Perth Gazette 4 April 1835.)
(*****Footnote. Stirling to 国務長官 15 October 1835.)
That the 知事 did not 認可する of the turn that 事件／事情／状勢s had taken is （疑いを）晴らす from two communications, one 非公式の, 今後d just after the date of the public 会合, and the other 公式の／役人, 詳細（に述べる）ing the さまざまな alterations in the 行政 and also explaining his 推論する／理由s for agreeing to the 修正するd 財政上の 提案s. In the first of these 文書s he says,* in referring to the copies of newspapers enclosed:
"I believe the only point in them to which it is 価値（がある） while to draw your attention is the 報告（する）／憶測 of a public 会合 of the 植民／開拓者s held at Perth on the 16th ultimo. As the 知事 and his 対策 appear to have been tolerably 井戸／弁護士席 乱用d on that occasion perhaps I am not an impartial 裁判官 of their 訴訟／進行s in other 尊敬（する）・点s; but I cannot help feeling alarmed at the 傷害 which may be done to the 解決／入植地 by the self-conceit and absurdity of a few individuals. The 決意／決議s which were 可決する・採択するd at the 会合 have not led as yet to any 使用／適用 to the 地元の 政府, but, in my opinion, the 即座の 破壊 of the 植民地 would be the consequence of 認めるing them the 反対するs of their 願望（する）. With the exception of this 傾向 to be 不満な with that which has been done for them as colonists, and the wish on the part of some useless people to make themselves important by exciting discontent, the 植民地 is in a 進歩／革新的な and 満足な 明言する／公表する."
(*Footnote. Stirling to Hay 10 March 1835.)
In the 公式の／役人 派遣（する）,* after 述べるing the changes in 行政 made in 一致 with the 決定／判定勝ち（する）s of the Home 当局, with which he was fully in （許可，名誉などを）与える, he points out that it would give him the greatest 楽しみ if he could 明言する／公表する with truth that the colonists 一般に were of the same opinion. The requests put 今後 by the 植民／開拓者s seem to have been both reasonable and just, and it is hard to understand why the 知事 so 激しく …に反対するd them. To characterise 事実上 the whole 非公式の 部分 of the 解決／入植地 as "useless people" even in an 非公式の 文書 was scarcely wise. The difficulties in the way of giving 影響 to their wishes may have been, and perhaps were, insurmountable at the time, but even so the 態度 of the 知事 was not one to be commended. Facts like these help to 支える the opinion that the 行政 of Sir James Stirling was not 完全に successful. 借りがあるing no 疑問 to the 代表s made by the 知事, little or no attention was paid to the 植民／開拓者s' requests for some かなりの time.
(*Footnote. Stirling to Spring Rice 4 May 1835.)
Although the discussion of 憲法の questions seems to have 占領するd much of the colonists' time during these years, there was still something to show in the way of 構成要素 進歩. At the end of 1835 the 農業の Society* 概算の that 1579 acres were under 刈る and that the 植民／開拓者s 所有するd 7158 長，率いる of 在庫／株, of which number 5138 were sheep. During the six years of the 植民地's 存在 163 ships had arrived, bringing 2281 乗客s and 輸入するs to the value of 394,095 続けざまに猛撃するs.** In comparison with 1834 very little trouble was experienced with the natives during the year.
(*Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 in Perth Gazette 26 December 1835.)
(**Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 9.)
The 適切な時期 for the 開発 of pastoral 追跡s, which had begun to attract attention in 1834, became more evident during the period 1836 to 1838, and to these years may be ascribed the beginning of that 産業 upon which the success of Western Australia 事実上 depended until the time of the gold 発見s in the 早期に nineties. To keep sheep was easier and in a way いっそう少なく expensive than to till the 国／地域, besides which the 利益（をあげる）s from wool were surer and larger than those from wheat. その結果, while 農業 was not neglected, the 後部ing of sheep was looked to as the 主要な／長／主犯 産業. Strenuous 成果／努力s were made in 1836 and 1837 to 輸入する sheep, but without much success. In 1839, however, 借りがあるing to the arrival of new 植民／開拓者s with 資本／首都 and to the 決意 of the old ones to 実験（する） their 有罪の判決s, large 購入（する）s were made. By that time the area of land 利用できる for pasturage had been 大いに 延長するd. The Avon, Plantagenet, Williams, Vasse, and Murray 地区s had been opened up and 公正に／かなり 井戸／弁護士席 在庫／株d. A comparative return of the sheep in the 植民地 in 1834, when the 産業 was first 示唆するd, and in 1838 shows the 進歩 made. As against 3545 長，率いる in 1834 there were 16,816 in 1838, and the value of wool 輸出（する）d had risen from 758 to 1935 続けざまに猛撃するs. The total 貿易（する） of the 植民地 in the latter year was 代表するd by 輸出（する）s to the value of 6840 and 輸入するs 46,766. The 歳入 was 4551 続けざまに猛撃するs and the 領収書s in 援助（する） 7361 続けざまに猛撃するs, while the 支出 was 12,278 続けざまに猛撃するs. The total acreage under 刈る in 1838 was 2501, and the wheat 産する／生じる 量d to 22,104 bushels.* A 統計に基づく return 用意が出来ている by the 知事 for the 植民地の Office showed that the 全住民 of the 解決／入植地 in 1837 was 2032, and the value of 所有物／資産／財産 about 260,000 続けざまに猛撃するs, producing an 年次の accumulation of 資本／首都 of some 72000 続けざまに猛撃するs.** These 人物／姿／数字s are of importance both in the way of 反駁するing the prophecies of 失敗 and of showing that the 植民地 was in a 公正に／かなり healthy 条件. The 広大な／多数の／重要な dra wback to more 早い 進歩 seems still to have been the scarcity of efficient 労働.*** Many of the more 有能な workmen had become 植民／開拓者s with land of their own to cultivate,**** and few 移民，移住（する）s had arrived to take their places; as a consequence, 農業の 開発 was かなり retarded. The 落ちる in the tide of 移民／移住 was 予定, in the opinion of the 農業の Society, to the alteration in the land-認める system which took place in 1832, and might be 訂正するd by 減ずるing the 最小限 of 5 shillings per acre or by 可決する・採択するing a 卒業生（する）d 規模 rising in 割合 to the 進歩 and 資源s of the 植民地.***** Whatever the 推論する／理由s, the need was so 広大な／多数の／重要な that the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1838 投票（する）d 1000 続けざまに猛撃するs to cover the expenses of 輸入するing efficient labourers.****** If the money could have been 適用するd forthwith it would probably have materially 前進するd the 繁栄 of the 植民地, but it was necessary first to 得る the 認可する of the 国務長官, and through the 延期する the 適切な時期 was almost lost.
(*Footnote. See 虫垂 4 統計に基づく 要約 1829 to 1900.)
(**Footnote. 統計に基づく return for Blue 調書をとる／予約する 1837 in Stirling to Lord Glenelg September 1838 Number 33.)
(***Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 15 May 1838 Perth Gazette 19 May 1838.)
(****Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of 農業の Society 1835 Perth Gazette 26 December 1835.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 1836 Perth Gazette 7 January 1838.)
(******Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 30 May 1838 Perth Gazette 9 June 1838.)
The 支配する of the land 規則s continued to form one of the most 実りの多い／有益な sources of discontent の中で the colonists. 事実上 every 逆転する that the 植民地 苦しむd was ascribed to the iniquity of the 規則s, but there is no 疑問 that in some instances they were 不正に made to 耐える the shortcomings of the 植民／開拓者s themselves. From time to time they formed the 支配する of public discussion, and 早期に in 1837 a 嘆願（書） was 現在のd to the 知事 asking him to recommend 確かな changes.* This 文書 averred that the alteration from the system of 認めるs to that of sale had checked 移民／移住 and retarded 進歩 just at the time when the 植民／開拓者s had 打ち勝つ their 初期の difficulties and looked 今後 to some recompense for their 労働. A return for three years to the system of 認めるs was asked for and a suggestion made that each bona fide new 植民／開拓者 should receive 2560 acres 解放する／自由な and be permitted to 購入（する） more if he wished at 3 shillings per acre. The 嘆願（書） was 今後d in 予定 course by the 知事, but the Home 当局 拒絶する／低下するd to 認める the requests.** Instead of the upset price 存在 減ずるd it was raised in 1839 to 12 shillings per acre in all the Australian 植民地s, though the 増加するd price did not become operative in Western Australia until 1840.***
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 28 January 1837.)
(**Footnote. Lord Glenelg to Stirling 7 March 1837.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 11 July 1840.)
The relations between the 知事 and his 法律を制定する 会議 did not 改善する during the remaining years of Sir James Stirling's 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語. 早期に in 1836* the 知事 知らせるd the 会議 that it was necessary to consider the 見積（る）s in 前進する for the year 1837 to 1838, as no 活動／戦闘 could be taken upon them until the 是認 of the 国務長官 had been 得るd, and allowance must be made for the time 占領するd in 安全な・保証するing that 是認. Though the 知事 was in no way 責任がある the 手続き that had to be 可決する・採択するd, but was 単に carrying out his 指示／教授／教育s, the fact that such a course had to be 追求するd was unfortunate. After the 不賛成 of the 見積（る）s in 1836, relations between Sir James Stirling and his 法律を制定する 会議 had been somewhat 緊張するd, and this new 段階 of 事件／事情／状勢s only served to make the position worse. The result was that when the 見積（る）s for 1838 were laid before the 会議 その上の 不一致s occurred, several items 存在 …に反対するd and others 代用品，人d.** The 知事, in these instances not 存在 用意が出来ている to 受託する the advice tendered to him, referred the 事柄s for 解決／入植地 to the 植民地の Office.***
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 4, 11, 19 April 1836 Perth Gazette 9, 16, 23 April 1836.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 23 June 1837 Perth Gazette 24 June 1837.)
(***Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 23 June 1837 Perth Gazette 1 July 1837. See also Stirling to Lord Glenelg 1 August 1837.)
It will be remembered that during the periods of scarcity between 1831 and 1833 most of the 植民／開拓者s had been compelled to 得る 供給（する）s from the 政府 on credit. By a 派遣（する） of 1833* these 負債s were transferred by the 皇室の 当局 to the 植民地 as a 植民地の 基金, which it was hoped would 促進する the 利益／興味s of the 解決／入植地 and lay the 創立／基礎 of a system that would "relieve the Mother Country in a short time from all 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 on account of the civil 設立 of the 植民地." No steps were taken at the time to carry out this 指示／教授／教育, but in 1836** a Board was 任命するd to arrange for the 支払い（額） of these 負債s. In some 事例／患者s the 植民／開拓者s were no better able to 支払う／賃金 than when they 契約d the 義務／負債s, and in the others any 圧倒的な 願望（する） to （負債など）支払う the 負債 was 大部分は absent, so that several years elapsed before the whole 量 was received.
(*Footnote. Lord Goderich to Stirling 8 March 1833.)
(**Footnote. 20 April 1836 Perth Gazette 23 April 1836.)
Another 義務／負債 残り／休憩（する）d upon the 植民／開拓者s who had received land under the 初めの 条件s of 認める. In those 条件s the 栄冠を与える reserved the 権利 to 課す a 罰金 of 6 pence per acre upon all lands not 改善するd to a 確かな extent at the end of three years from date of assignment. In February 1838 it was みなすd expedient to 課す this 罰金, and notice* was 問題／発行するd to that 影響. At the same time it was 明言する／公表するd that all lands not 改善するd by the end of ten years would, によれば the old 条件, be 再開するd by the 栄冠を与える. 支払い（額） of the 罰金 was to be made by the end of 1838, failing which it would be 徴収するd on the land. This was one of the wisest moves made during the 幼児 years of the 解決／入植地, as it tended to 増加する the 歳入 at the expense of other than the bona fide 植民／開拓者s, and throw open to them good land which was not 存在 used. This was the 見解（をとる） taken by the public when the notice was 問題／発行するd, but when the time for its 施行 arrived opinion had changed, and the 植民／開拓者s 設立する in the 意向 a その上の 推論する／理由 for their 不満.
(*Footnote. 政府 notice 17 February 1838 Perth Gazette 17 February 1838.)
By the end of 1836 移民／移住 had 事実上 中止するd.* This was 予定 to the fact that prophecies of 確かな 失敗 still continued to be spread about, and probably also to the fact that the Home 政府 did not seem inclined to find the necessary 基金s. As the need of 移民／移住 was so 広大な／多数の／重要な, it was felt that some steps should be taken to start the stream flowing again. The colonists were 堅固に 納得させるd that many of the 原因（となる）s that led to the 停止 would be 除去するd if only 十分な （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the 解決／入植地 could be made public in England. This was to some extent 達成するd by the 労働s of Captain (afterwards 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐) Irwin, who had 命令（する）d the 軍の 軍隊s at Swan River from 1829 to 1833, and who returned to that position in 1837. Through his 影響（力） a 委員会** was formed in 1835 for the 目的 of disseminating particulars as to the actual 明言する／公表する of the 植民地. To 補助装置 this organisation a その上の 委員会 was 任命するd 地元で in 1836,*** and for some years 正規の／正選手 communication was kept up between the two 団体／死体s, resulting in a better understanding in England both of the hardships of 開拓するing and of the prospects of ultimate 繁栄 that the 植民地 afforded, so that from the beginning of 1837 the 適切な時期s that Western Australia seemed to 申し込む／申し出 in the way of profitable 投資 began to attract attention.
(*Footnote. See 虫垂 4 統計に基づく 要約 1829 to 1900.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 2 January 1836.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 16 January 1836.)
In spite of the dissensions in 公式の／役人 circles, the 植民地 began in these years to make some appreciable 前進. Even at Albany, which usually lagged behind the other 地区s, 指示，表示する物s of 改良 were manifest, 予定 to the 移民／移住 of a few Indian 植民／開拓者s with native servants, and to the harbour 存在 大いに used by American 調印（する）ing and 捕鯨 ships.* Toward the end of 1836, H.M.S. Beagle, under the 命令（する） of Captain Fitzroy, put in at King George's Sound on her homeward voyage after a 科学の 探検隊／遠征隊. On board as naturalist was the celebrated Charles Darwin. The 大型船 remained there for eight days, which Darwin 述べるd as the "dullest spent since leaving England,"** and Fitzroy regretted that 義務 compelled him to call at such a 荒涼とした and uninviting place.*** Other centres of 解決／入植地, 特に those around York and in the south-west, were beginning to show 調印するs of 進歩, while Perth and Fremantle had become settled towns with 所有物／資産／財産 valued in the aggregate at 78,000 続けざまに猛撃するs,**** and 構成するd the "主要都市の area."
(*Footnote. Moore G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 311.)
(**Footnote. Narrative of 調査する Voyages of Adventure and Beagle 1826 to 1836 容積／容量 3 page 536.)
(***Footnote. Narrative of 調査する Voyages of Adventure and Beagle 1826 to 1836 容積／容量 2 page 625.)
(****Footnote. 統計に基づく 報告（する）／憶測 upon the 植民地 June 1837 in Stirling to Lord Glenelg September 1838 派遣（する） Number 33.)
The 主要な／長／主犯 証拠 of 進歩 may perhaps be 設立する in the 設立 of banking 施設s. This question agitated the public mind for years without any result. さまざまな suggestions had been put 今後, but English 資本／首都s 拒絶する／低下するd to take any 利益／興味 in them, and the colonists were not financially strong enough to carry them out. The desirability of a bank was, however, never lost sight of, and in 1836 the 事柄 became the most important topic of discussion to the 除外 almost of every other question. In January 1837 the time was felt to be 熟した. The 植民地 had become self-supporting so far as necessaries were 関心d, and only 要求するd to 輸入する 器具／実施するs, 着せる／賦与するing, and 高級なs, the cost of which was more than met by the 輸出（する）s of wool and other produce. In that month, therefore, the prospectus of the bank of Western Australia was 問題／発行するd,* with a 名目上の 資本／首都 of 10,000 続けざまに猛撃するs of which only 2500 続けざまに猛撃するs was 要求するd forthwith. 操作／手術s 開始するd in June 1837, with such success that for some time no その上の 資本／首都 was called up. At the very inception 4000 続けざまに猛撃するs was placed on deposit, and, after a year's working, a （株主への）配当 of 14 1/2 per cent was paid.** The good 影響s of the 会・原則 were soon 明らかな; a 際立った impetus was given to 開発, and not only were 存在するing 産業s 延長するd, but new ones were 本気で considered. One of these was the 形式 of 捕鯨 companies. The success of American and French whalers on the coast of Western Australia had been known for years, but the colonists had never been able to 財政／金融 手はず／準備 for 株ing in that success. Such, however, was the 信用／信任 given by the 解放する／自由な 循環／発行部数 of a little money that in 1837 to 1838 two companies--Perth and Fremantle***--were 活発に engaged in 捕鯨 操作／手術s. To the 成果／努力s of the Fremantle company is 予定 the tunnel under Arthur's 長，率いる at the port, made so as to 安全な・保証する convenient 接近 to the town.**** In 1837 oil and whalebone to the value of 3000 続けざまに猛撃するs***** was 輸出（する）d, but before the end of 1838 incapacity and mismanagement had brought about the downfall of the Perth company****** and 本気で 妨害するd the Fremantle 投機・賭ける.******* American 捕鯨 ships operating off the coast in 1837 安全な・保証するd oil and whalebone to the value of 30,000 続けざまに猛撃するs.********
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 31 January 1837.)
(**Footnote. First 年次の 報告（する）／憶測 Perth Gazette 9 June 1838.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 14 March to 15 July 1837.)
(****Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 313.)
(*****Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of 委員会 of 農業の Society 1838 Perth Gazette 13 October 1838. The returns for 1837 were 100 トンs oil, 5 トンs whalebone.)
(******Footnote. Perth Gazette 17 February 1838.)
(*******Footnote. Ibid 10 November 1838.)
(********Footnote. Western Australia--A 声明 of the 条件 and Prospects of that 植民地 London 1842 page 92.)
The aborigines, who had been 静かな and 整然とした since the 効果的な 罰 received at Pinjarra, again became troublesome in 1836 in the 地区 一連の会議、交渉／完成する York.* 事例／患者s of 窃盗 were 公正に／かなり ありふれた, and finally two natives were 発射 while 試みる／企てるing to 略奪する the house of a 植民／開拓者 近づく the 郡区. This incensed the tribe, and every 適切な時期 for 報復 was 掴むd. Sheep and even horses were wantonly killed, and at last a 植民／開拓者 was 殺人d and his 団体／死体 mutilated.** The 知事 recognised the 真面目さ of the position and すぐに 強化するd the 軍の 軍隊, thus 妨げるing the abandonment of the 地区. More 激烈な 対策 would probably have been taken against the whole tribe if the 知事 had not been 妨害するd by 指示／教授／教育s from the 皇室の 当局 to the 影響 that the natives were to be 扱う／治療するd in all 尊敬（する）・点s as Europeans, and given the same 適切な時期s. One would have thought that the people on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す would be the best 裁判官s in a 事柄 of this 肉親，親類d. To make 規則s for the 保護 of aborigines was wise in itself, but to 推定する／予想する the 植民／開拓者s in a remote 植民地 to think of 規則s when 悩ますd by a warlike and 背信の tribe showed very little しっかり掴む of the position. The result was that in 1837 the natives became 率直に 反抗的な, robbing and 負傷させるing with impunity. 事柄s 最高潮に達するd in the 残虐な 殺人 of two 植民／開拓者s 指名するd Jones and Chidlow*** and the 殺人未遂 of Mr. Waylen.**** The incensed colonists then 学校／設けるd what was to all 意図 a manhunt, in the course of which several natives were killed and most of the others driven away. These 厳しい 対策 checked the 乱暴／暴力を加えるs to a 広大な／多数の／重要な extent, and such offences as occurred during 1838 were easily dealt with by the 法律. This necessitated a native 刑務所，拘置所, and Rottnest Island***** was selected for that 目的 and used continuously until a few years ago.
(*Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 302; Perth Gazette 26 June 1836.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 1 October 1836.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 22 July 1837.)
(****Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 326.)
(*****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1 June 1839.)
Several excursions into the unexplored 部分s of the 領土 were made about this time. With many of them, more 特に those in the south-western corner of the 植民地, Sir James Stirling was associated, thus 伸び（る）ing at first 手渡す a knowledge of the 領土. In 1836 the Moore River* was discovered by Mr. G.F. Moore, after whom it was 指名するd, and in the course of the search excellent pastoral country was opened up. The 著名な 探検隊／遠征隊s of this period, however, were those 学校／設けるd by the 皇室の 政府 for the 目的 of 診察するing the coastline and 調査するing the 内部の of the north-west. H.M.S. Beagle was （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限d to carry out the 沿岸の 調査する, and the inland 探検隊／遠征隊 was ゆだねるd to 中尉／大尉／警部補 (afterwards Sir) George Grey, who in later years 演習d 広大な／多数の／重要な 当局 in 植民地の 事件／事情／状勢s. The 反対するs of this 探検 were "to 伸び（る） （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） as to the real 明言する／公表する of North-western Australia, its 資源s, and the course and direction of its rivers and mountains; to familiarise the natives with the British 指名する and character; to search for and 記録，記録的な／記録する all （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） regarding the natural 生産／産物s of the country, and all 詳細（に述べる）s that might 耐える upon its 能力s for colonisation or the 逆転する; and to collect 見本／標本s of natural history."** These さまざまな 反対するs were carried out with that thoroughness which distinguished all Grey's 植民地の work.
(*Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 301; Perth Gazette 18 June 1836.)
(*Footnote. Grey, G. 定期刊行物 of Two 探検隊／遠征隊s of 発見 in North-West and Western Australia 1837 to 1839 London 1841 容積／容量 1 page 4.)
With the year 1838 Sir James Stirling's 行政 ended. He 辞職するd the reins of 政府 with the 全員一致の 悔いる of the colonists. Though they had not always been able to see 注目する，もくろむ to 注目する，もくろむ with him in 行政の 事件／事情／状勢s, they recognised his enthusiasm and whole-heartedness in the service of the 植民地, and felt that the errors of Stirling the 知事 faded away before the 長所s of Stirling the man.
Whether an impartial 調査する of Stirling's 行政 can 持つ／拘留する it to have been altogether successful is an open question. Without 疑問 he was 妨害するd by distance from 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain and by the slow methods of communication in 存在, and by the consequent 延期する which occurred in the 解決／入植地 of 事柄s referred to the 植民地の Office. But even taking those facts into consideration, he appears to have 欠如（する）d some of the statesmanlike 質s so necessary to the 政府 of a new 解決／入植地. Over-sanguine and not always far-sighted, he led the first colonists to 推定する／予想する a better 明言する／公表する of things than really 存在するd, and 明らかに not even practical 知識 with the 領土 gave him that knowledge of those 必要物／必要条件s so 必須の in 設立するing 農業の communities. But to attach to him all the 非難する for the 不景気 that 続いて起こるd is 不正な. The 植民／開拓者s themselves deserve a 株 of it, for many of them, in the hope of growing rich quickly, had 乗る，着手するd on a 投機・賭ける for which they were unfitted in every possible way.
Accustomed from his 海軍の training to obey and be obeyed without question, Stirling 固執するd too closely to the letter of his 指示／教授／教育s, and leaned too little upon the advice of his 会議s. Yet taking all these shortcomings into consideration, that he did so 井戸／弁護士席 in 直面する of difficulties which at times nearly 圧倒するd him, and under 責任／義務s which might easily have 鎮圧するd any man, stands to his 継続している credit. Though in 事柄s of judgment he いつかs failed, 苦悩 to take the wisest course was always 現在の, and all his 活動／戦闘s were 示すd by a whole-souled 願望（する） to 支持する the best and dearest traditions of the British race.
GOVERNOR HUTT'S ADMINISTRATION.
LAND REGULATIONS.
PROJECTED SETTLEMENT AT AUSTRALIND.
ABORIGINES.
EXPLORATIONS.
Mr. John Hutt, who 後継するd Sir James Stirling in the position of 知事 of the 植民地, arrived at the beginning of 1839, some two or three days before his 前任者's 出発. Mr. Hutt had 以前 held the office of 知事 of North Arcot, in the マドラス 大統領／総裁などの地位, and had been 堅固に recommended as 知事 of the newly-設立するd 植民地 of South Australia,* in the 手はず／準備 for the inception of which he had, in 合同 with his brother Mr. (afterwards Sir) William Hutt, M.P., taken a very 目だつ part. The system upon which South Australia was colonised was so different from the method 可決する・採択するd in Western Australia that the 早期に 植民／開拓者s were somewhat doubtful as to the 知恵 of the 任命. That he had a theoretical knowledge of colonisation was 一般に 認める, but it was 恐れるd that the absence of practical 知識 with its 裁判，公判s and difficulties scarcely fitted him to follow in the footsteps of a man like Sir James Stirling. 追加するd to that, he was believed to 同意しない with the 政策 hitherto 可決する・採択するd, and that seems to have been counted against him, though there is no 疑問 that the colonists themselves were not in （許可，名誉などを）与える with it. At any 率, the newspaper とじ込み／提出するs of the period show 明確に enough that he had to fight 負かす／撃墜する a 確かな 手段 of unpopularity at the 開始／学位授与式 of his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 8 December 1838.)
One of the first 公式の／役人 行為／法令／行動するs was to take advantage of the 当局 to 増加する the 会員の地位 of the 法律を制定する 会議 by the 新規加入 of four 非公式の 指名された人s, notwithstanding the 対立 of the colonists to any 増加する in that 団体／死体 except by means of an 選挙. On 3 January 1839 he 指名するd Messrs. William Locke Brockman, George 漏れる, Thomas Peel, and William Tanner, and these gentlemen took their seats in the に引き続いて March. The 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office was the duration of their 住居 in the 植民地.*
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 5 January 1839.)
His next step was in 関係 with the land 規則s. Sir James Stirling had been inclined to 治める these from the point of 見解（をとる） of the 植民／開拓者, and had deferred as long as he could putting into 操作／手術 any of what might be 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d the penal 条項s of these 規則s. It will be remembered, however, that in 1838* Stirling had felt compelled to give notice that the 罰金 of 6 pence per acre 供給するd for in the 初めの 規則s of 1829 on all 所有物／資産／財産s unimproved at the end of three years must be paid by 31 December, or it would be 徴収するd upon the 所有物／資産／財産s, and, その上の, that all land remaining unimproved at the end of ten years would be 再開するd. This notice, which was certainly in the 利益／興味s of the bona fide 植民／開拓者, had met with 是認 when first 問題／発行するd, but before the time of 支払い（額） arrived it had, like many other 行為／法令／行動するs of the 政府, fallen under the 禁止（する） of the colonists' displeasure. When the time for 施行 arrived, Sir James Stirling had 辞職するd the 知事／長官の職, and it fell to the lot of Mr. Hutt to carry the notice into 影響. ーするために give every possible 適切な時期 he 延長するd the time of 支払い（額） for a その上の three months, but 通知するd that in 事例／患者 of 非，不，無-支払い（額） the remission of 1 shilling and 6 pence per acre 許すd on the 降伏する of land would be 減ずるd to 1 shilling.** A その上の notice was also 問題／発行するd 要求するing the 条件s of the land 規則s of 1830 to be 実行するd within three months, すなわち that a やめる rent of 1 shilling per acre should be paid upon 所有物／資産／財産s not 改善するd within two years from date of assignment, and that at the end of a その上の two years the 所有物／資産／財産 if still unimproved should 逆戻りする to the 栄冠を与える, or be 支配する to an 付加 やめる rent. The time for fulfilment of these 義務s had, he pointed out, already 満了する／死ぬd, and therefore the first must be 実行するd within the time 規定するd, and the second by the end of 1839, failing which the land would be 再開するd by the 栄冠を与える.***
(*Footnote. See 賭け金.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 12 January 1839.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
The 問題／発行する of these notices met with the most strenuous 対立 on the part of the colonists. The opinion was 自由に 表明するd that the Home 政府 願望（する）d to 回復する 所有／入手 of as much of the land as it could 安全な・保証する ーするために carry out new-fangled 計画／陰謀s of colonisation, to which, it was delicately hinted, the 知事 was not altogether indifferent.* A 会合 of the 農業の Society--the usual method of 発言する／表明するing 不満--was 敏速に held, and it was decided "that a 記念の to the Home 政府 be drawn up, soliciting a remission of 罰金s 予定 under the land 規則s, and a 認める of 料金 simple to 植民／開拓者s under 確かな circumstances, すなわち those having expended large sums on small 小包s of land, considering the same as 部分s of their several 認めるs from the 栄冠を与える."** It was also decided to 嘆願（書） the 知事 to 一時停止する the 操作／手術 of the objectionable 条項s until a reply was received. This, however, the 知事 was not 用意が出来ている to do, the only 譲歩 made 存在 that さまざまな methods of 支払い（額） were 許すd.***
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 12 and 26 January 1839. For text of 記念の see Perth Gazette 9 February 1839.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 19 January 1839.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 3 April 1839.)
The stand taken by Mr. Hutt in these 事柄s, and the 恐れる that he would 試みる／企てる to carry a land 税金, made the 会合 of the 法律を制定する 会議 which was held in March 特に 利益／興味ing to the colonists. Their 恐れるs at the time 証明するd unfounded, though in discussing the 見積（る）s the 可能性 of such a 税金 was foreshadowed. This he was 堅固に 勧めるd not to bring 今後, as it would 圧力（をかける） so ひどく upon the owners of land as to 制限する 開発. For a time he 可決する・採択するd the advice tendered, but in October 1839 he 召喚するd a 会合 of the 会議 to consider a 法案 for the augmentation of the 歳入 by an 査定／評価 on land, ーするために 供給する for the 設立 of a police 軍隊 as a 保護 to the 植民／開拓者s against the aborigines. The strong 対立 shown to this 提案 and the 全員一致の opinion of the colonists that it would bring about serious 不景気 in the 事件／事情／状勢s of the 植民地 led him to abandon the idea and 代用品，人 in its place a 税金 upon sales by auction.*
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 14 and 23 October 1839 Perth Gazette 19 and 26 October 1839.)
In 一致 with the notices 問題／発行するd, a few 認めるs of land were 再開するd in 1839 and a その上の 100,000 acres scheduled for 再開 in 1840. In order, however, to 妨げる this 政策 耐えるing 厳しく upon 本物の 植民／開拓者s, the 知事 見解（をとる）d the 条件s of alienation with the greatest liberality, and wherever possible 許すd advantage to be taken of any 酌量すべき事情 that could be brought 今後. As regards other 部分s of his land 政策, Mr. Hutt stood 会社／堅い. When the 農業の Society 反対するd to 移民，移住（する）s 存在 制限するd to 確かな areas in selecting land, and to the 保留（地）／予約 and 再開 of springs and watering-places, on the ground that these 事柄s were at variance with the Home 規則s, the 知事 拒絶する／低下するd to alter his 対策. On the first point he held that some 集中 一連の会議、交渉／完成する 存在するing 解決／入植地s was necessary as a means of 保護 from natives, and on the second that springs should be reserved for the general use of all 植民／開拓者s.*
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 30 May 1840.)
Discontent over the さまざまな systems of land alienation 可決する・採択するd by the 皇室の 政府, and with their 行政 by the 知事, had grown to be something more 永久の than a "hardy 年次の." For the first １０年間 of the 植民地's 存在 the 規則s were never absent from the minds of the colonists, and were always 勧めるd as the 推論する／理由 for the slow 進歩 of the 植民地's 事件／事情／状勢s. Time after time 記念のs were 今後d asking that 過激な alterations be made. Changes were made in さまざまな ways, as we have seen, but there was scarcely an instance in which the alteration did not afford as 実りの多い／有益な a source of agitation as the 初めの had done. While the hardship engendered by the 規則s must in many 事例／患者s be 認める, it is only fair to the 植民地の Office to point out that in the beginning the 植民／開拓者s readily 受託するd the 条件s upon which land was 申し込む／申し出d to them, and その上の, that in no 選び出す／独身 instance did the Home 当局 ask for more than the fulfilment of their 契約s. If the time spent in agitation had been 占領するd in endeavours to 改善する their holdings, much of the 不満 would never have arisen. The crux of the trouble was not so much the 不正 of the 規則s as the ignorance of the 植民／開拓者s as to the difficulties of transforming virgin forest lands into 生産力のある areas. So anxious were they to 得る tracts of land that in many 事例／患者s the 安全な・保証するd areas that could never be made 生産力のある except by experienced 農業者s--which they were not--所有するing the most modern 科学の knowledge, which had not then been discovered. To 補助装置 such, Sir James Stirling had 得るd from the Home 政府 許可 to 降伏する their holdings on a valuation of 1 shilling and 6 pence per acre, the 降伏する value to be 適用するd as part of the cost when 購入（する）ing more suitable 場所s.*
(*Footnote. Lord Glenelg to Stirling 7 March 1837.)
The 表明するd 意向 of the 知事 to 施行する the 罰金s and 再開s of which he had given notice formed the 支配する of a その上の 記念の to the 国務長官 in 1839.* No reply was received until April 1841, when a 派遣（する） from Lord John Russell** arrived 明言する／公表するing that the questions had been referred to the Land and 移住 Commissioners,*** and in 一致 with their 推薦s it had been decided to 認める the 料金 simple on all lands 改善するd; to 認める, in the 事例／患者 of unimproved land, the 料金 simple of one-fourth, 供給するd the 残りの人，物 was 降伏するd to the 栄冠を与える; and in 事例／患者s where 改良s to a greater extent than necessary had been made on one 持つ／拘留するing, to 認める the 料金 simple of one-fourth of the unimproved 残りの人，物, 供給するd that the balance was 降伏するd to the 栄冠を与える. In the same 派遣（する） Lord John advised the introduction of a land 税金 of 1/2 penny per acre. This latter advice the colonists 拒絶する／低下するd to 受託する, though a 法案 to 課す the 税金 was put 今後 by the 知事 in 1841.****
(*Footnote. Hutt to Lord John Russell 1 August 1839; Perth Gazette 9 February 1839 text of 記念の; ibid 27 July 1839 報告（する）／憶測 of an interview on 記念の between members of 農業の Society and 知事 Hutt in which the 知事 表明するd strong 不賛成 of the requests.)
(**Footnote. Lord John Russell to Hutt 5 September 1840.)
(***Footnote. The Land and 移住 Commissioners について言及するd above were 任命するd by the 国務長官 in 1840 to 支配（する）／統制する 移住 and advise on 植民地の 事件／事情／状勢s 一般に, but more 特に those relating to the Australian 植民地s. The members were T.F. Elliot, 陸軍大佐 Torrens, and the Honourable E.E. Villiers. Beyond doing a 確かな 量 of work in the 原因（となる） of 移住, this board does not seem to have had much 耐えるing on Western Australian 事件／事情／状勢s. The 報告（する）／憶測 of the Commissioners to Lord John Russell 11 July 1840 which was enclosed in a 派遣（する） to Hutt 5 September 含む／封じ込めるs a review of the whole question of the land system in Western Australia.)
(****Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 15 April 1841 Perth Gazette 17 April 1841.)
早期に in 1839 知事 Hutt received その上の 指示／教授／教育s to 修正する the land 規則s by 増加するing the upset price of 栄冠を与える lands from 5 to 12 shillings per acre.* Feeling that to do so would be a 誤った step, as 私的な sales were 存在 影響d at いっそう少なく than half that price, he 扱う／治療するd the 指示／教授／教育 as （a）忠告の／（n）警報 rather than 義務的な.** In 1840*** he was 知らせるd that it must be 通知するd to the public without 延期する as the 最小限 price of land in the Australian 植民地s. Except as regarded land in any 解決／入植地s little 反対 was taken to the order, either then or at a later period, when the price was その上の 増加するd to 20 shillings per acre.**** The 反対するs of the alterations were to curtail the size of 広い地所s and to produce an 増加するd 歳入. The 影響 was to give the colonists a better chance of selling their 黒字／過剰 land at a more 満足な 人物／姿／数字, and その結果 the sale of 栄冠を与える lands languished.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 22 April 1839 Perth Gazette 27 April 1839.)
(**Footnote. Ibid. See also Stirling to Lord Glenelg 3 May 1839.)
(***Footnote. Lord John Russell to Hutt 19 March 1840 Western Australian 政府 Gazette 11 July 1840.)
(****Footnote. Lord John Russell to Hutt 23 November 1840.)
Much of the agitation 関心ing the land 規則s was 予定 to the belief that the さまざまな alterations would 制限する 移民／移住, and that therefore the dearth of 労働 would become much more pronounced. The colonists recognised that with more 労働 利用できる greater 開発 of the さまざまな 産業s would result and the general 繁栄 of the 植民地 be 刺激するd. The necessity for 移民／移住 was by this time beginning to impress itself upon the 皇室の 当局 and others 利益／興味d in Western Australia, 同様に as upon the 地元の 政府. In 1840 the 法律を制定する 会議, at the instance of the 知事, 始める，決める aside the 領収書s from 罰金s and land sales, 量ing to 1500 続けざまに猛撃するs,* for the 目的 of 得るing 労働 from England. The British 政府 tried with some success the practice of sending out 青年s from Parkhurst 刑務所，拘置所 as juvenile emigrants,** and 私的な 団体／死体s of persons 利益／興味d in the 植民地 発展させるd 計画／陰謀s for 増加するing the 供給（する） of 労働 upon 条件 that would be profitable to themselves.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 9 April 1840.)
(**Footnote. The first （製品，工事材料の）一回分 of these boys arrived in 1842 see Perth Gazette 27 August 1842 and others arrived from time to time up to 1849.)
A 団体／死体 active in the 利益／興味s of Western Australia was the Western Australian 委員会, which grew out of the 委員会 of Correspondence formed in London in 1835, and was 一般に known as the "協会 in Bedford Street."* Its 反対するs were to 前進する the 利益／興味s of Western Australia by inducing the 政府 to 申し込む／申し出 bounties for the introduction of 労働; to 安全な・保証する an 改正 of the land 規則s so that land could be taken up 事前の to 調査する; to encourage the 形式 of companies to 投資する 資本／首都 in the 植民地; and 一般に to disseminate 訂正する and useful （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the 明言する／公表する of the 植民地's 事件／事情／状勢s. Sir James Stirling, after his return to London, became a 目だつ member of this 団体／死体, in the work of which he was 活発に 補助装置d by Messrs. W. Hutt and T. Bland. At a public 会合 held in Perth in April 1840,** these three gentlemen were 任命するd スパイ／執行官s to look after 事柄s 影響する／感情ing Western Australia.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 11 January 1840.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 11 April 1840.)
This 委員会 made 提案s to the 国務長官* with the 二塁打 反対する of 供給（する）ing the 需要・要求する for 労働 and of attracting the 企業 of 資本主義者s. It 示唆するd that 栄冠を与える Lands should be open to 購入（する） after 調査する at a 最小限 of 10 shillings per acre, that the proceeds of these sales should be 雇うd in defraying the cost of 移住 to the 植民地, and that Commissioners should be 任命するd to 行為／法令／行動する under the 植民地の Office to carry the 計画／陰謀 into 影響. 準備／条項 was also to be made by which land might be sold in England and the proceeds 適用するd to defraying the cost of sending labourers to the 植民地. The Commissioners were to have the 力／強力にする to raise 貸付金s on the 安全 of 未来 sales, such 貸付金s to be 適用するd to 移住 目的s.
(*Footnote. William Hutt to Lord Glenelg 3 May 1838 Perth Gazette 16 February 1839; Buckton, T.J. Western Australia London 1840 pages 14 to 16. The 初めの minute 調書をとる／予約する of this 委員会, which was formed on 18 April 1838 is in the 所有／入手 of the Public Library Perth.)
The 提案s failed to 会合，会う with the 是認 of Lord Glenelg, the 国務長官 for the 植民地s.* While he was anxious to 容易にする 移住 to Western Australia, he was …に反対するd to the sale of 植民地の lands to a company in England, on the ground that it might lay the 政府 open to a 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of partiality, and also 原因（となる） the abandonment of the 政府's 政策 of 配置する／処分する／したい気持ちにさせるing of 植民地の lands by public sale in the 植民地. He was 用意が出来ている, however, to 許す the Company to 支払う／賃金 into the 手渡すs of the 移住 スパイ／執行官 money to be expended in sending out emigrants, for which they would receive a 証明書 する権利を与えるing them to a remission of equal 量 in the price paid for any land they might 購入（する） in the 植民地. その上の correspondence took place with the 国務長官, but the 提案s of the 委員会 did not 会合，会う with 是認.**
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 16 February 1839; Buckton, T.J. Western Australia pages 16 to 18. Letter from Sir George Grey by direction of Lord Glenelg to William Hutt 22 April 1838.)
(**Footnote. Sir George Grey to 委員会 5 January 1839 minute 調書をとる／予約する of 委員会 page 40 and Buckton Western Australia page 18. See also Ogle, N. 植民地 of Western Australia London 1839 pages 210 to 211.)
One 影響 of the work of this 委員会 was the 問題／発行する in October 1839 of a 植民地の Office 規則 designed to encourage 移住. The 条件 of it were 事実上 those 具体的に表現するd in the reply of Lord Glenelg (時代遅れの 5 January 1839) to the 委員会. The 規則, which was 大部分は in the nature of an 実験, was 限られた／立憲的な in 操作／手術 to two years. The results from it were inappreciable. From the activity 陳列する，発揮するd by this 委員会 there arose what 約束d to be a very important 開発 in Western Australian 事件／事情／状勢s--the 解決／入植地 at Australind. Notwithstanding the unfavourable 報告（する）／憶測s 関心ing the sterility of the country and the destitution of the 植民／開拓者s, which had been industriously spread about, there were numbers of people who still 保持するd their belief in the 可能性s of the 植民地, and from the time of Mr. Peel's 事業／計画（する） 試みる／企てるs were continually made to form land companies for the 目的 of 請け負うing 広範囲にわたる 解決／入植地s therein. Most of these 計画／陰謀s, 影響する／感情d by the want of success of Mr. Peel, failed to 円熟した, but the Western Australian Company, formed in 1839 to 影響 a 解決／入植地 at Australind, carried its 提案s into 操作／手術, and in all probability would have 最終的に 達成するd 完全にする success but for misrepresentation and 誤った 報告（する）／憶測s.
In 1835 a suggestion had been made to 購入（する） 陸軍大佐 Lautour's 認める of 103,000 acres 据えるd on Leschenault Estuary, or to procure a 部分 of Thomas Peel's 認める. Nothing （機の）カム of it until 1838, when the 委員会 について言及するd made an 不成功の 使用／適用 to Lord Glenelg for 確かな 特権s. One of the 反対するs the 委員会 had in 見解（をとる） was to 適用する the 原則s of colonisation 支持するd by Edward Gibbon Wakefield. Wakefield's idea, upon which the 植民地 of South Australia was 事実上 設立するd, was to colonise by means of companies, which should acquire land and send out 植民／開拓者s and labourers of 証明するd competence for its cultivation. Areas were to be 削減（する） up into small sections and sold to 認可するd 植民／開拓者s, and a proper balance between 資本／首都, 労働, and land continually 観察するd.
The 冷淡な 態度 of Lord Glenelg brought about the abandonment of the 計画／陰謀,* but すぐに afterwards, through the exertions of William Hutt, M.P., 陸軍大佐 Lautour, E.G. Wakefield, and others,** a company was formed called the Western Australian Company,*** under which the 解決／入植地 of Australind was to be 設立するd によれば Wakefield's 原則s.
(*Footnote. Minute 調書をとる／予約する of 委員会 April 1839 page 46.)
(**Footnote. 初めの minute 調書をとる／予約する of the Company 11 May 1840.)
(***Footnote. 公式文書，認める. The 初めの minute 調書をとる／予約するs, 行為 of 解決／入植地, 報告（する）／憶測s of 年次の 会合s, letter 調書をとる／予約するs, account 調書をとる／予約するs, 株 登録（する）, and 派遣（する）s of the Western Australian Company are in the 所有／入手 of the Trustees of the Public Library of Western Australia, and 事実上 the whole 声明 関心ing the inception and 進歩 of the company is taken from those 文書s. Where any other 当局 is used a special 言及／関連 is given. See also Lands Department Western Australia とじ込み／提出する 2782/95.)
The Company agreed to 購入（する） 陸軍大佐 Lautour's 認める* on Leschenault Estuary and also, 支配する to the 条件s of 任期 存在 carried out, the 認める made to Captain Stirling. It was その上の decided that the first 解決／入植地 should be 設立するd on 陸軍大佐 Lautour's land. Some 疑問 arose as to whether this 認める （機の）カム under the land 規則s of 1829 or of 1830. In the first 事例／患者 it was not liable to 再開 for twenty-one years, but in the second it would be liable at the end of 1840. This question was decided by the 植民地の Office 宣言するing that it was held under the 1829 規則s, and that 知事 Hutt had been advised accordingly. Everything 存在 thus （疑いを）晴らす, the company was 正式に 構成するd in May 1840, with a 資本／首都 of 50,000 続けざまに猛撃するs. The directors were William Hutt, M.P., John Chapman, T.H. Brooking, Captain Sweney, R.N., Edward Gibbon Wakefield, Henry Buckle, C. Enderby, Jacob Montefiore, Jas. Irving, and G.R. Smith, M.P.; T.J. Buckton was 長官, and Marshall Waller Clifton, F.R.S., 長，指導者 Commissioner in Western Australia, with his son, R.W. Clifton, as his 長官. 陸軍大佐 Lautour's land was 購入（する）d おもに on the 推薦 of Sir James Stirling, who 述べるd it 同様に ふさわしい for the 目的 in 見解（をとる）. A prospectus was 問題／発行するd 申し込む／申し出ing part of the 所有物／資産／財産 for sale in allotments, and a 計画（する） was drawn showing a 完全にする and beautifully-laid-out city, to which the 指名する Australind was given, to signify the 関係 with India that the town was 推定する／予想するd to 所有する. Land 含む／封じ込めるing 51,000 acres was thrown open for 選択 in sections of 100 acres each at a price of 1 続けざまに猛撃する per acre, the purchaser of a section to be also する権利を与えるd to four ４半期/4分の1-acre town allotments, the price of which to those not taking 農業の 認めるs was 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する at 10 続けざまに猛撃するs. Half the money received from sales of sections was to be spent on 伝えるing 乗客s and 移民，移住（する）s to the 解決／入植地, and half the sum received from the sale of town allotments to be spent on 改良s. So 速く were sales 影響d that by the end of September 400 sections and 3100 town allotments had been 性質の／したい気がして of, the 残りの人，物--100 sections and 900 allotments--存在 reserved for その後の sale to 植民／開拓者s only. Success having so far …に出席するd the 事業／計画（する）, the 残りの人，物 of the staff--a 医療の officer and nine surveyors--was then 任命するd, and a small 大型船, the Island Queen, 借り切る／憲章d to 伝える them to the scene of 操作／手術s. Soon afterwards the Parkfield, a barque of 600 トンs, was 安全な・保証するd, and 準備s made for the embarkation of Mr. Clifton and the first 部分 of 植民／開拓者s and emigrants. A second ship, with the 残りの人，物 of the 植民／開拓者s, under the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the chaplain, the Reverend J.R. Wollaston, himself a purchaser of land, was to follow. Then （機の）カム the hitch in the 手はず／準備. The Parkfield was to leave London on 20 October, but on the 12th Captain Grey arrived with （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that 知事 Hutt ーするつもりであるd to 再開する 陸軍大佐 Lautour's 認める for nonfulfilment of 条件s,** and a rumour was also spread that in Grey's opinion the 認める was 事実上 valueless from an 農業の point of 見解（をとる）.*** 期待 quickly gave way to びっくり仰天; the public 恐れるd the loss of the money it had 投資するd, and the directors were 直面するd with binding 契約s 伴う／関わるing large 支出, apart from having received 60,000 続けざまに猛撃するs for land already かもしれない 再開するd by the 植民地の 政府, and perhaps 性質の／したい気がして of to other 植民／開拓者s. It does not appear to have struck them that there was no need for 苦悩 on that account, as the 国務長官's 決定／判定勝ち（する） superseded any その後の 行為／法令／行動する of the 植民地の 政府. In the hope of extricating themselves from their troubles they lent willing ears to a suggestion from Grey that the country surrounding Port Grey, between Gantheaume Bay and the Arrowsmith, in the neighbourhood of the 現在の town of Geraldton, was not only 利用できる, but much more suitable, 存在 one of the finest 地区s in Australia.**** Ready to take advantage of any 出口 from their difficulties , the directors 安全な・保証するd the 是認 of Lord Glenelg to the change of locality, and then 明らかに congratulated themselves and the landholders upon their "happy deliverance from evil." Clifton seems to have been the only one who kept his 長，率いる. He tried, though without avail, to 説得する the directors to rely upon the 報告（する）／憶測s 関心ing Lautour's 認める made by Sir James Stirling and others who had returned from the 植民地, rather than upon those of Grey, who in all probability had never seen that locality.
(*Footnote. See 地図／計画する.)
(**Footnote. Notice to 再開する was 問題／発行するd on 27 April 1840 see Perth Gazette 2 May 1840 and 孤立した on 13 July 1840 Perth Gazette 18 July 1840.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 20 March 1841 含む／封じ込めるing 記録，記録的な／記録する of 訴訟／進行s of 会合 of Company held 12 November 1840 copied from 植民地の Gazette the 組織／臓器 of the Company 18 November 1840.)
(****Footnote. Ibid. See also Landor, E.W. The Bushman London 1847 pages 415 et seq.)
Having decided upon the change, the directors lost no time in making their 決意 public. 投資家s were given the 選択 of 同意ing to the change of locality or of receiving 支援する, with 利益／興味, the money they had paid for allotments in the Leschenault 地区. 悩ますd by 疑問s of the new 領土 and afraid of the difficulties of 開拓するing work, many of the 投資家s withdrew, and quickly something in the nature of a panic 始める，決める in. To 静める the trouble Captain Grey was asked to 会合，会う a 団体／死体 of the landholders and give whatever （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） he could 関心ing the country 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Port Grey. This was みなすd so 満足な that several who were wavering decided to remain in the 投機・賭ける, which might even then have 後継するd but for the 活動／戦闘 of a party of 投資家s at Halifax, who had taken up land to the value of 12,000 続けざまに猛撃するs. These withdrew their money, and in a little while such was the 影響 that 30,808 続けざまに猛撃するs paid for land was returned. The drift was at last stayed by the 活動／戦闘 of the 権利 Honourable J.W. Crocker, F.R.S., who 辞退するd to 身を引く his 投資s.
In spite of all these difficulties, which were 増加するd by the 失敗 of the Company's 銀行業者s, the directors proceeded with the new 計画／陰謀. The Parkfield was engaged to proceed to Port Leschenault as before, sail up to Perth so that Mr. Clifton might interview 知事 Hutt, and then make for Port Grey.
一方／合間, the 指示／教授／教育s of Lord Glenelg had reached the 植民地, and the notice of 再開 of 陸軍大佐 Lautour's land was すぐに 孤立した.* At the same time 楽しみ was 表明するd at the foreshadowed introduction of その上の 資本／首都 and 労働. The town 場所／位置 of Bunbury was forthwith 調査するd and 布告するd, and a 政府 居住（者） 任命するd. For the 保護 of the 後継の 植民／開拓者s a picket of 兵士s was 駅／配置するd there, and かなりの activity was shown in the 解決／入植地 of the surrounding country. The 前進する party of surveyors landed in Koombana Bay late in 1840, and at once 始める，決める about their work. In 1841 (March) the Parkfield with Clifton and the first 部分 of 植民／開拓者s arrived, and some びっくり仰天 was created by the news that the whole party was to proceed northwards to Port Grey. This idea, however, was not carried out after all, as the 知事 拒絶する／低下するd to 許す a 解決／入植地 at that port, 借りがあるing to its distance northward 妨げるing both means of communication and 可能性 of 適する 保護. On the advice of 知事 Hutt,** therefore, Clifton decided to remain at Leschenault and take 所有／入手 of 陸軍大佐 Lautour's 認める, so coming 支援する to the Company's 初めの 協定. The upset and 騒動 in London had thus been やめる unnecessary; that it ever occurred is unfortunate, as with the 有望な prospects in 見解（をとる） at the inception of the 計画／陰謀 it is more than probable that the 投機・賭ける would have been a success had nothing of the 肉親，親類d ever taken place. As things were, the chances of success were small from the very 手始め. The 早期に 裁判，公判s and privations of the "first (n)艦隊／(a)素早い" by the Parmelia were 大部分は 再生するd, and as a result many of the 移民，移住（する）s drifted away to the Swan River and other more settled parts.*** Notwithstanding the 成果／努力s of Clifton and his sons, the 失敗 of the 計画／陰謀 became more and more 明らかな as time went on. まず第一に／本来 this was 予定 to the methods 可決する・採択するd by the promoters, methods which have on later occasions been 証明するd to be 完全に unsuita ble. The idea was to induce 移住 to Western Australia on the part of small 資本主義者s, who 購入（する）d their land, not after examination, but from a 計画（する） 用意が出来ている in London and 支援するd by 声明s which did not under-見積（る） the 農業の 可能性s. Misrepresentation was probably not intentional, but it certainly 存在するd. When to it was 追加するd unsuitability on the part of many of the 投資家s, there could be but little prospect of success. From the time of the arrival of the first 移民，移住（する）s a 条件 of hopeless despondency seems to have 存在するd, for which no possible cure could be 設立する.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 18 July 1840.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 31 March 1841; Stokes, J.L. 発見s in Australia 容積／容量 2 pages 382 to 383.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 24 April 1841.)
The arrival toward the end of 1842 and the beginning of 1843 of ships with about 400 fresh 移民，移住（する）s induced a little activity for a while, but 事柄s soon settled 負かす／撃墜する again into their former 条件. Everyone seemed to lose heart, and 失敗 was written large over the whole 投機・賭ける. In 新規加入, Clifton was 妨害するd by the 無（不）能 of the directors in London to 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる the position. About the middle of 1843 the final 配当 of 田舎の lands took place, and すぐに afterwards 指示／教授／教育s were received to stop all sales and 発射する／解雇する the surveyors. Before the end of the year Clifton was himself 解放（する）d from 義務, and his son, W.P. Clifton, 任命するd スパイ／執行官, to 配置する／処分する／したい気持ちにさせる of the 残りの人，物 of the land. In 1864 he was authorised to sell the 部分 still in the 手渡すs of the Company at 2 shillings per acre, and at a 会合 held in 1875 指示／教授／教育s were given for the 事件／事情／状勢s of the Company to be 負傷させる up, a 仕事 that took several years to 遂行する. Although the liquidation was spread over so many years, the 計画／陰謀 itself--the second large colonising 実験 in Western Australia--failed within three years from its inception. That of Peel in 1829 was impossible from the beginning, but a better knowledge of 地元の 条件s on the part of the directors of the Western Australind Company might have made that of Australind successful. The 使用／適用 of Wakefield's 原則s of colonisation 中止するd with this 実験, though some 試みる／企てる was made in 1849 to 設立する a new company on the 廃虚s of the old one. From the point of 見解（をとる） of the 植民地 一般に there was some little 伸び（る） by the Australind 投機・賭ける, as it brought about the introduction of at any 率 a few 不正に-needed labourers, the 全住民 having 増加するd from 2760 in 1841 to 3476 in 1842.*
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約; see 虫垂 4.)
Another important 段階 of the 事件／事情／状勢s of the 植民地 to which, in 新規加入 to the land question, 知事 Hutt gave the closest attention was the 治療 of the aborigines. Having come to Western Australia with 確かな preconceived ideas upon this question, he 充てるd かなりの time to an endeavour to carry them into 影響. Those in England who did not understand the circumstances had made a good 取引，協定 of 資本／首都 out of the affrays that had taken place between the 植民／開拓者s and the natives in さまざまな parts of Australia. 影響（力）d by the opinion thus promulgated, the British 政府 decided to 就任する a new 政策 which should have the 影響 of 保存するing and civilising the natives, and at the same time 妨げる 圧迫 on the part of the 植民／開拓者s. As this 政策 was in （許可，名誉などを）与える with the 知事's own 見解（をとる）s, he entered into its 操作／手術 with zest.* In 1839 指導者s to the natives were sent to all the 植民地s, G. Barrow and C.Symmons 存在 those 任命するd to Western Australia.** Native schools*** were 設立するd--the first 存在 those under the Wesleyan Church--and land bounties 申し込む／申し出d**** to those 植民／開拓者s who were 用意が出来ている to give 指示／教授／教育 to the aborigines and make some 試みる／企てる to civilise them. The 影響 of these admittedly wise 対策 was not, however, at first 明らかな. Trouble with the aborigines still continued, and had to be met in the way that the colonists had 以前 設立する 効果的な. Throughout 1839 強盗s were たびたび（訪れる）, and on more than one occasion 在庫／株 was killed.
(*Footnote. Hutt to Lord Glenelg 3 May 1839.)
(**Footnote. Lord Normanby to Hutt 9 May and 19 July 1839.)
(***Footnote. 年４回の 報告（する）／憶測 of Protector of Aborigines 31 December 1840 Perth Gazette 9 January 1841; Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 417.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 25 June and 23 July 1841.)
Such events as these the colonists were becoming used to, but the hideous 殺人 of a white woman and her eight-months-old child by the York natives called for signal 罰.* After some trouble two of those 関心d in the 事件／事情／状勢 were caught, and hanged on the scene of the offence.** Later in the year a second 殺人 was committed in the Canning 地区,*** and in 1840 a third by some natives 近づく Leschenault. In 1841 there occurred an 出来事/事件 which, if true, can only be 述べるd as an 行為／法令／行動する of atrocious cruelty and savagery on the part of some of the 植民／開拓者s in the south-west. 早期に in the year a 植民／開拓者 at Wonnerup, George Layman, 申し込む／申し出d some 侮辱／冷遇 to a native, in return for which he was on the first convenient 適切な時期 speared through the heart.**** An avenging party under Captain Molloy 始める，決める out and, it is said, 最終的に 後継するd in surrounding the whole 団体／死体 of natives on an open sandpatch, その結果 they proceeded to shoot the unfortunate aborigines in 冷淡な 血, not stopping till the adult males had all been accounted for. Colour is lent to the story by the fact that there is a sandpatch 近づく Minninup where skulls and bones are still to be seen, and 近づく which even 現在の-day natives will not go. No 記録，記録的な／記録するs of the 遭遇（する） 存在する, and it is more than likely that it has been built up to account for the collection of bones, which in all probability 代表するs an aboriginal burial-ground, which would be winytch or sacred to the boolyas or spirits of the 出発／死d, and therefore to be 避けるd by all natives. All that is definitely known is that the 殺害者 of Layman was 発射 by a 兵士 later in the year.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 25 May 1839.)
(*Footnote. Ibid 18 July 1840.)
(*Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 385.)
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 14 March 1841.)
By the end of 1841 the 影響s of Hutt's 政策 began to be seen in the 停止 of 窃盗s and the 設立 of more harmonious relations between the colonists and the aborigines. In fact, the end of the native trouble in the south-west 部分 of the 植民地 was in sight. 孤立するd instances of 強盗 and 暴力／激しさ continued to happen, and even happen yet, but nothing その上の occurred in the way of organised attack, 需要・要求するing 対策 of repression beyond the 力／強力にする of the police to を取り引きする.
While the period under review was an important one from the 見地 of land 規則s, colonisation 計画／陰謀s, and 試みる／企てるs to grapple with the native difficulty, it was 平等に important from the 見地 of 探検. The 地区s north of Perth, and even the extreme north-west, till then a country known by 指名する only, were 診察するd by Captain Grey, the coastline of the same part was 正確に 調査するd by Captains Wickham and Stokes in H.M.S. Beagle, and the eastern stretches between Adelaide and King George's Sound were 横断するd by the intrepid explorer Eyre.
Grey, who after his north-west 探検隊／遠征隊 in 1837 to 1838 had sailed for Mauritius, returned to Perth toward the end of the latter year, and 早期に in 1839 was engaged in a search for a 植民／開拓者 指名するd Eliot,* who had lost his way in the Williams 地区 and had been 行方不明の for three weeks. In the course of his search, which was successful, he 調査するd most of the country between Leschenault and Williams River. Returning to Perth, he organised an 探検隊／遠征隊 for the 探検 of the country lying between Shark Bay and Perth,** and spent two months, under circumstances of 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty and often of danger, in making a 徹底的な examination of this 地区, discovering the Gascoyne, Irwin, and other rivers, the Victoria 範囲, and several 頂点（に達する）s and hills. Much of the country passed through was excellent for pastoral 目的s, and it was this fact that led him to 勧める the Western Australian Company to 設立する the 解決／入植地 of Australind in that 地区. Soon after Grey's 報告（する）／憶測s had been placed in the 手渡すs of the 知事, G.F. Moore 診察するd the 沿岸の 地区s in the neighbourhood of the Moresby 範囲.*** His opinion was favourable, 確認するing that of Grey. Moore discovered a 満足な harbour afterwards 指名するd Port Grey in honour of the explorer. This was the harbour that 人物／姿／数字d so 大部分は in the discussion about the 場所／位置 of Australind. Grey then returned to England, but on the death of Sir Richard Spencer （機の）カム 支援する to the 植民地 as 政府 居住（者） at Albany, a position he 占領するd until late in 1840, when he 後継するd 陸軍大佐 Gawler as 知事 of South Australia.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 2 February 1839.)
(**Footnote. Grey, G. 定期刊行物s of Two 探検隊／遠征隊s of 発見 in North-west and Western Australia 容積／容量 1 pages 329 et seq.)
(***Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia pages 401 to 403; Perth Gazette 1 and 8 February 1840; Grey, G. 定期刊行物s of Two 探検隊／遠征隊s of 発見 etc. pages 124 et seq.)
一方／合間, Captains Wickham and Stokes in H.M.S. Beagle began and 完全にするd a 一連の 沿岸の 調査するs on the north-west coast, in the course of which the Fitzroy and Adelaide Rivers were discovered. In 1840 they 診察するd the Abrolhos Islands, discovered a good 船の停泊地 at 支持する／優勝者 Bay, and 調査するd Dampier 群島.* In 1841, during the illness of Wickham, Stokes sailed from Koepang to 完全にする the 調査する of the coast south of Roebuck Bay, which had been left unfinished by King in 1821. Having done so, he continued his voyage to Swan River, and later in the year made a trip to 決定する the exact position of Port Grey, which he 設立する to be almost 同一の with 支持する／優勝者 Bay.**
(*Footnote. Stokes, J.L. 発見s in Australia 容積／容量 2 pages 124 et seq.)
(**Footnote. Ibid pages 378 et seq.)
It was during this latter year (1841) that E.J. Eyre, who was afterwards 知事 of Jamaica, 遂行するd an 陸路の 旅行 which 階級s as one of the greatest feats in 探検 ever 成し遂げるd in Australia. Eyre left Adelaide in June 1840, with the 反対する of 診察するing Lake Torrens, and then 訴訟／進行 northwards as far as practicable.* Through want of water he was compelled to abandon the 試みる／企てる at Fowler's Bay.** Having sent 支援する the 大多数 of his party, he started from Fowler's Bay with a companion, Baxter, and a 黒人／ボイコット boy 指名するd Wylie, to reach King George's Sound or 死なせる／死ぬ in the 試みる／企てる. A short distance south-west of Eyre Sandpatch two natives who were …を伴ってing them 殺人d Baxter during the night and got away with most of the 準備／条項s.*** Eyre and his 黒人／ボイコット boy were left to 遂行する a 旅行 of some hundreds of miles through unknown country with 40 続けざまに猛撃するs of flour and four gallons of water.**** This they 後継するd in doing after を受けるing the severest hardships; in fact, they would in all probability never have got through but for their fortunate 会合 with Captain Rossiter of the whaler Mississippi, who （判決などを）下すd them every possible help when they were 減ずるd to the last extremity of hunger, かわき, and 疲労，（軍の）雑役.***** Eyre's 旅行, which was the first successful 試みる／企てる to cross the continent, was of the greatest geographical importance, as it settled the question of rivers emptying into the Bight, and, in a 手段, afforded some proof that there was nothing in the nature of a 広大な／多数の／重要な inland sea.
(*Footnote. Eyre, E.J. 定期刊行物s of 探検隊／遠征隊s of 発見 into Central Australia 1840 to 1841 London 1845 容積／容量 1 page 10.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 pages 301 to 305.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 page 402; 容積／容量 2 pages 1 to 2.)
(****Footnote. Eyre, E. 定期刊行物 of 探検隊／遠征隊s of 発見 into Central Australia 1840 to 1841 London 1845 容積／容量 2 page 6.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 2 pages 67 to 69.)
Other short 探検の／予備の 小旅行するs were made about the same time, principally for the 目的 of その上の 開始 up the south-western 地区s, which were regarded as the most 約束ing 部分 for 開発, and of which 正確な and 完全にする （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） was 望ましい.
With regard to 厳密に 地元の 事件／事情／状勢s, the 報告（する）／憶測s of the 農業の Society for 1839 to 1842 show that very 限定された 拡大 was taking place, though still 限られた／立憲的な by the want of 労働. The 長，指導者 開発 was to be 設立する in the pastoral 産業. By the end of the latter year the part of sheep had 増加するd to over 60,000, and wool to the value of 4252 続けざまに猛撃するs was 輸出（する）d. Other livestock showed a corresponding 増加する in numbers, but the same 指示，表示する物s of 進歩 were not 明らかな in the 量 of land 現実に brought under cultivation. The area of land under 刈る, which in 1839 stood at 2578 acres, had 増加するd to only 3047 in 1842, 予定 partly to the difficulty of 安全な・保証するing 労働 and partly to the fact that better results, at the cost of いっそう少なく exertion, could be 安全な・保証するd by sheep-farming.*
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
借りがあるing to the 増加するd 繁栄 the 赤字 in the 植民地's 財政／金融s, which had been 速く 増加するing for years past, was nearly adjusted by 1842, notwithstanding the active public 作品 政策 that was （判決などを）下すd necessary by the 拡大. 広範囲にわたる 調査するs were made in さまざまな 地区s, and roads opened up between the different 解決／入植地s. In 1840* The first pile of the Perth Causeway was driven, and under the 監督 of the Town 信用--the forerunner of the City 会議--a public jetty was 建設するd at Perth.** その上の 証拠 of 進歩 was the 設立, on Rowland Hill's system of uniform 率s, of 正規の／正選手 郵便の communication between the さまざまな 解決／入植地s in the 植民地, daily between Perth and Fremantle and いっそう少なく frequently to the 辺ぴな 地区s.**
(*Footnote. Stirling, E. 簡潔な／要約する History of Western Australia page 13.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 5 November 1842.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 9 April 1842.)
The general 改良 in 事件／事情／状勢s had also attracted the attention of outside banking 会・原則s, as we find that in 1841 the Bank of Western Australia was amalgamated with the Bank of Australasia,* which was desirous of 開始 商売／仕事 in the 植民地. Some of the 株主s were …に反対するd to the change, and took steps to 設立する another 地元の bank, the result 存在 that later in the year the Western Australian Bank, which has 演習d so 広大な／多数の／重要な an 影響（力） in the 開発 of Western Australia, opened its doors. The 初めの directors were J.S. 魚の卵, W. Tanner, W.J. Lawrence, E. Hamersley, R. Hinds, J. Stringer, and G.F. 石／投石する. The 資本／首都 was 20,000 続けざまに猛撃するs.** The first （株主への）配当--15 per cent--was 宣言するd in January 1842.***
(*Footnote. Ibid 24 April and 1 May 1841.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 26 June 1841.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 8 January 1842.)
The same activity was 陳列する，発揮するd in 宗教的な and 教育の 事柄s. In answer to a requisition the 知事 introduced a 法案 into the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1840 for the 目的 of 促進するing the erection of churches and chapels and of 供給するing for the 維持／整備 of 大臣s of 宗教.* By the end of 1842 there were four Anglican clergymen, in 新規加入 to the 植民地の Chaplain, 駅／配置するd at さまざまな towns, and one Wesleyan clergyman 居住（者） in Perth. The members of the Church of England began to look 今後 to the 設立 of a bishopric, and with that end in 見解（をとる） 10,000 acres were 始める，決める aside as an endowment. The same Church had 設立するd a grammar school in the 資本／首都, and with 政府 援助（する） 最初の／主要な schools were at work in different parts of the 植民地.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 16 June 1840 Perth Gazette 20 June 1840. The 法案 was afterwards 拒否権d by the 植民地の Office.)
In 1839 a 化石 believed to be an encrinite was discovered in the Toodyay 地区.* This was regarded as important, 存在 in the opinion of the colonists an 指示，表示する物 of the 存在 of a coalfield. Subsequently it was 報告（する）／憶測d that coal had 現実に been 設立する on the Murray River, at a place where 研究s were 存在 起訴するd by Mr. Preiss, a German naturalist. ーするために 刺激する search the 政府 申し込む／申し出d a 解放する／自由な 認める of 2560 acres to the first discoverer of a coal bed,** but for many years nothing 限定された resulted from the 申し込む／申し出.
(*Footnote. Moore, G.F. Diary of Ten Years in Western Australia page 376.)
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 30 March and 6 April 1839.)
DEPRESSION.
LABOUR PROBLEMS.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
. QUESTION OF CONVICT LABOUR.
ESTABLISHMENT OF PENAL SETTLEMENT.
With the year 1843 there （機の）カム one of those waves of 不景気 which so frequently rolled over Western Australia during the 早期に years of its 存在. に引き続いて as it did upon a period of 穏健な 繁栄 which had appeared to 所有する some elements of permanency, the colonists were 大いに discouraged, and the 真面目さ of the position was その結果 かなり 増加するd. The first 調印するs of the trouble were an unaccountable 落ちる in the price of 在庫／株, and a constant flow of specie out of the 植民地 to 支払う／賃金 for the 輸入するs, which far out-valued the 輸出（する）s. The 原因（となる）s 割り当てるd for the 不景気 were さまざまな. 自然に の中で them the "iniquitous" land 規則s held a 目だつ place. Other 推論する／理由s 勧めるd were the want of 保護の 義務s, the high 率s of 利益／興味 on borrowed money, the 超過 of 輸入するs over 輸出（する）s, and, above all, the scarcity of 労働.* Many were the means 示唆するd and tried for 対処するing with the trouble, the ultimate one 存在 that which has had so wide and far-reaching an 影響 upon the history of Western Australia--the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働 and the 設立 of a penal 解決／入植地.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 4 and 11 October 1843, 7 February 1844; Perth Gazette 11 November 1843; 報告（する）／憶測s of 農業の Society 1843 (Inquirer 3 January 1844) and 1844 Inquirer 1 and 8 January 1845. See also 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
Up to 1842 the colonists may be regarded as having been engaged in 戦闘ing 地元の difficulties, in forming their homes, and in 努力する／競うing to ひったくる the necessaries of life from the virgin forest. Their 目的（とする） was to 供給（する） the 地元の market, and so long as that market could 吸収する their 製品s, high prices やむを得ず 支配するd and a general 条件 of solvency 存在するd. They were also getting fair prices for such wool as they were able to 輸出（する）. One of the 原因（となる）s of the 不景気 seems to have been the belief that they could go on 輸入するing 在庫／株 without bringing about either a 落ちる in values or a surplusage on the market. The result of this belief was that nearly 50,000 続けざまに猛撃するs in specie was sent out of the 植民地 to 支払う／賃金 for 輸入s of all classes of 在庫／株.* This, occurring when 供給（する） and 需要・要求する were 急速な／放蕩な approaching a level, 原因（となる）d a reaction, and a consequent 減少（する） in prices, which produced a sudden 停止 of 憶測, a general retrenchment, and a serious 落ちる in the value of 所有物／資産／財産 of all 肉親，親類d. In commenting upon the 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s at the 開始 of the 法律を制定する 会議 in June 1843,** The 知事 勧めるd that the colonists should look for other avenues of 産業 and 利益（をあげる）, so as to 供給する exchangeable 商品／必需品s to balance the 広大な／多数の／重要な 超過 of 輸入するs over 輸出（する）s. Without such 商品／必需品s the enormous balance of 貿易（する） against the 植民地 had to be met by 財務省 法案s or by sending specie out of the country. Both ways were bad; they not only 制限するd 開発, but were destructive of those 有益な results which せねばならない accrue from 貿易（する）ing.
(*Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of 農業の Society 1842 Perth Gazette 8 April 1843.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 15 June 1843 Perth Gazette 17 June 1843.)
The 存在 of 不景気 存在 recognised, the colonists were compelled to 捜し出す for some means of 打ち勝つing it, and it was soon evident that public opinion considered that the 解答 lay in the introduction of その上の 労働. In coming to this 結論 they were guided by the knowledge of the 救済 afforded by the Australind 植民／開拓者s of 1841 and 1842, and by the 移民，移住（する）s landed from the Success in April 1843. The question of 移民／移住 began to engage the attention of the 法律を制定する 会議 in August,* and a 委員会 was 任命するd to consider the best method of 得るing a 供給（する） of 労働. The 報告（する）／憶測 of this 委員会, which was 現在のd to the 会議 in the に引き続いて October, 概算の that 400 servants were 緊急に 要求するd, 300 of whom might be advantageously 雇うd in farming 追跡s and the 残りの人，物 as 国内の servants. 存在 of opinion that it was not possible to raise 十分な money for the 目的 by sales of land, the 委員会 advised that a 貸付金 be 得るd from the 皇室の 当局, the 利益／興味 upon which should be 供給するd for on the 年次の 見積（る）s, by （ーのために）とっておくing the monies derived from land sales, 移転 料金s, and other land sources. Failing 植民地の Office 是認 of this idea, they 支持するd a system of bounties. The 法律を制定する 会議 可決する・採択するd the 報告（する）／憶測, and it was 今後d by 知事 Hutt for the consideration of the Home 政府,** which 拒絶する／低下するd to accede to either 推薦.***
(*Footnote. Inquirer 23 August 1843.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 19 October 1843 Perth Gazette 21 October 1843.)
(*Footnote. Hutt to Lord Stanley 21 October 1843.)
While 納得させるd that in the introduction of 労働 lay the 解答 of their difficulties, the colonists also gave consideration in 1843 to the suggestions of the 知事 to look for other 産業の 出口s for their energies. One marketable 商品／必需品 ready to 手渡す was 木材／素質, and 成果／努力s were made to work up an 輸出（する） 貿易（する） in jarrah and other 支持を得ようと努めるd with which the 植民地 abounded. Attention was directed to a letter which Sir James Stirling had received from the Admiralty some years 以前 in which an 申し込む／申し出 to 購入（する） 200 負担s of 木材／素質 was made.* A fair market was also believed to 存在する in the Mauritius. With these 可能性s in 見解（をとる） an 試みる／企てる was made by C.D. Ridley to form a company,** but without success. Later in the year, however, さまざまな 見本s were 今後d to London, and a 確かな degree of 利益／興味 taken in them, resulting in the inception of a small 輸出（する） 貿易（する）. Better success followed a 出荷／船積み of sheep to the Mauritius, which realised 28 shillings per 長，率いる, and potatoes to the value of 300 続けざまに猛撃するs were also 輸出（する）d.*** These small items with 6000 続けざまに猛撃するs 価値（がある） of wool, and oil to the value of 300 続けざまに猛撃するs, 事実上 構成するd all the 輸出（する）s, leaving 60,000 続けざまに猛撃するs 輸入するs to be paid for by specie. The result was that by the end of the year there was 事実上 no money in the market. The 政府, 同様に as the 植民／開拓者s, was compelled to 演習 the most rigid economy. The accounts for 1842/3 showed a 赤字 of some 700 続けざまに猛撃するs, with a prospect the 逆転する of 安心させるing. To 茎・取り除く the tide an 行為／法令／行動する was passed to 増加する the 義務s on spirits, and さまざまな licence 料金s were 課すd.**** About the same time the new Land 行為／法令／行動する (6 Victoria c.36) 規制するing the sale of waste lands of the 栄冠を与える in the Australian 植民地s, （機の）カム into 操作／手術, raising the price to 20 shillings per acre.***** This does not seem to have 演習d any appreciable 影響（力）, one way or another, upon the 植民地's 事件／事情／状勢s at the time. What undoubtedly 演習d an 影響（力） for good was the 一貫した 政策 of 知事 Hutt in regard to the さまざまな land 規則s. So 首尾よく had he carried out these 規則s that in 1843 out of a million and a half acres 疎遠にするd, there were not 100,000 for which the 料金 simple had not been 問題／発行するd.******
(*Footnote. Two hundred 負担s were 輸出（する）d in 1836; see 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 15 April 1843.)
(***Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of 農業の Society 1843 Inquirer 3 January 1844. See also 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(****Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 16 June 1843 Perth Gazette 17 June 1843.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid.)
(******Footnote. Ibid.)
The one 有望な 位置／汚点／見つけ出す in the year's 処理／取引s was the 収穫. About 800 付加 acres were under cultivation* and good returns 得るd from the whole. Grapes, olives, and other fruits were produced, and some attention paid to ワイン-making, while the number of sheep had 増加するd by one ４半期/4分の1.** Yet notwithstanding this 明らかに 満足な 条件, the colonists's 恐れるs of 不景気 were abundantly 実行するd in 1844. As compared with 1839, prices of 商品／必需品s fell nearly 50 per cent, and rents and 給料 were 対応して lower.*** These things, 連合させるd with the scarcity of money and the 悲観的な 見解（をとる） of the 状況／情勢 taken by the colonists, served to accentuate the 不景気. The 副-Assistant Commissary-General, W.H. Drake, 明言する／公表するd to a 委員会 of the 法律を制定する 会議**** that in January 1843 he 概算の the 量 of specie in the 植民地 at 25,000 続けざまに猛撃するs; in January 1844 at half that sum, and, at the time of giving 証拠 (July 1844) at not more than 9000 続けざまに猛撃するs. To 妨げる, as far as possible, the specie remaining from 存在 sent out of the 植民地, the Commissary-General called for tenders for 法案s of 交流 in sums of not いっそう少なく than 100 続けざまに猛撃するs, drawn on the Commissioners of the 財務省 at London.*****. The 量 received was 4200 続けざまに猛撃するs.****** As wheat grown in the 植民地 was also 受託するd for these 法案s the 貸付金 served a その上の 目的 of 供給するing a market for 黒字／過剰 穀物. Yet, though times were so bad, and the banks, to 補助装置 their 顧客s, were compelled to 減ずる the 率s of 割引, we find that the Western Australian Bank was able to 宣言する 相当な （株主への）配当s in January and July,******* showing that in spite of the 不景気 there must have been a 会社／堅い belief in the recuperative 力／強力にする of the 植民地.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(**Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of 農業の Society 1843 Inquirer 3 January 1844.)
(***Footnote. Kimberley, W.B. History of Western Australia Melbourne 1897 page 132.)
(****Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 18 July 1844 Inquirer 24 July 1844.)
(*****Footnote. Inquirer 12 January 1844.)
(******Footnote. Ibid 10 July 1844.)
(*******Footnote. Inquirer 10 January and 10 July 1844.)
The 歳入 returns for the year 1843/4 showed a 減少（する） on those of the previous year, and were insufficient to 会合，会う the 支出. The value of 輸入するs was 36,440 続けざまに猛撃するs, while the 輸出（する）s totalled only 13,364 続けざまに猛撃するs,* the 主要な／長／主犯 存在 wool and oil, which together 量d to 12,540 続けざまに猛撃するs.** This shrinkage in 歳入 and 広大な／多数の／重要な 不平等 between 輸入するs and 輸出（する）s 原因（となる）d かなりの uneasiness. So much so that when the 見積（る）s for 1845/6 were brought before the 法律を制定する 会議 in May*** the 知事 remitted them to a 委員会 for consideration. His 見積（る） of 支出 was 8886 続けざまに猛撃するs, but the 委員会, 納得させるd that it could not be met by 歳入, 減ずるd it to 7283 続けざまに猛撃するs by cutting 負かす／撃墜する the items relating to the 行政 of 司法（官）, public 作品, police, and 調査するs and 探検. At the same time the 歳入 見積（る）s were 改訂するd and 2000 続けざまに猛撃するs いっそう少なく 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する as probable returns from spirit 義務s. To balance this, その上の 広告 valorem 義務s on 輸入するs, 概算の to 産する／生じる 1300 続けざまに猛撃するs, were 提案するd.**** Such 激烈な alterations to the 知事's 提案s could not fail to produce acrimonious discussion, more 特に as the 修正するd 見積（る）s received the support of the 会議 一般に. The 知事 made strenuous 反対s, but the 委員会's 報告（する）／憶測 was carried against him. Feeling that to 演習 the 力／強力にする of 拒否権 which he 所有するd would only make 事柄s worse, and that to reserve both 始める，決めるs of 見積（る）s for the consideration of the Home 当局 would also be inimical to the best 利益／興味s of the 植民地, 知事 Hutt gave his assent to the 委員会's 提案s. So 納得させるd was he, however, of the want of 知恵 shown in 税金ing foodstuffs that he congratulated himself on not 存在 a 植民／開拓者, and 保証するd the 会議 that the "doom of the 植民地 was 調印（する）d."***** This 態度 only served to 増加する his unpopularity. Not only were the members of the 会議 …に反対するd to him, but public opinion 一般に 宣言するd itself 逆の, and he 達成するd the unfortunate distinction of 存在 自由に criticised and derided in the public 圧力（をかける）. That his 見解（をとる） of the 状況／情勢 was wrong the end of the year 明確に showed, the 歳入 not even reaching the 改訂するd 見積（る） by some 400 続けざまに猛撃するs. While admitting his ability in 事柄s of 行政 一般に, and more 特に in regard to the land 規則s and the 治療 of the natives, it is open to question whether his 管理／経営 of the 財政上の 事件／事情／状勢s of the 植民地 was 平等に successful.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 29 May 1844.)
(***Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 23 May 1844 Inquirer 29 May 1844.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 24 June 1844 Inquirer 26 June 1844.)
(*****Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 4 July 1844 Inquirer 10 July 1844.)
The 見積（る）s 存在 性質の／したい気がして of, the 委員会 took into consideration the general 財政上の 条件 of the 植民地, and 現在のd a その上の 報告（する）／憶測 to the 法律を制定する 会議 in July. As the result of exhaustive 調査s the 委員会 was 納得させるd that the 不景気 存在するing was 予定 to:
"The alteration in the land 規則s, 直す／買収する，八百長をするing the 最小限 price of 栄冠を与える lands at 20 shillings per acre, which has had a powerful and baneful 影響（力） upon the 条件s of the 植民地, and その結果 on the 歳入, by putting a stop to the sale of 栄冠を与える lands--no money sales, with the exception of a few town allotments having been made since December 1, 1842--and to the introduction of 資本／首都.
"The 広大な／多数の／重要な and sudden 落ちる in the price of 在庫／株, 借りがあるing to the large 増加する and comparative and 静止している position of the 全住民, by the entire stop the land 規則s alluded to have put to 移民／移住.
"The consequent difficulties of the 農業者s, and 無（不）能 to 会合，会う their 約束／交戦s, 契約d at a time when the price of 在庫／株 was high and all the other necessaries of life proportionately high.
"The balance of 貿易（する）, 存在 so much against the 植民地, occasioning an 年次の abstraction of specie and other 資本／首都 of not much いっそう少なく than 20,000 続けざまに猛撃するs.
"To these may be 追加するd the 傷害s our 農業者s have 支えるd by the large 量 of 植民地の produce 注ぐd into Western Australia from the 隣接する 植民地s--in a 広大な／多数の／重要な degree occasioned by a 類似の 明言する／公表する of things, brought on in a 広大な／多数の／重要な 手段 by the same 原因（となる）s."*
(*Footnote. Ibid 18 July 1844 Inquirer 24 July 1844.)
The 報告（する）／憶測 was not received by the 会議 with any degree of enthusiasm. While it professed to consist of the opinions of the colonists, and did in a 手段 公表する／暴露する the 原因（となる）s of the 不景気 and the 条件 into which the 植民地 had fallen, it 含む／封じ込めるd no suggestions for 緩和するing the 苦しめる or for bringing 支援する 繁栄. The chairman of the 委員会 sought to 治療（薬） this defect by making 確かな 提案s when discussing the 報告（する）／憶測. His speech was rather remarkable as showing the 明言する／公表する into which the 植民地 had lapsed. Supporting his 発言／述べるs by (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述する （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs* giving the 開発 of the previous seven years, he pointed out that the balance of 貿易（する） against the 植民地 since its inception was large, but up to that time had been 大いに minimised by a 相当な 年次の 支出 on the part of the 政府. A 漸進的な 増加する of 全住民, 含むing some 資本主義者s, had also helped to （判決などを）下す progression possible, but the alteration in the price of 栄冠を与える lands had stopped this 移民／移住, and so put an end to 進歩. The continual drain of specie to 支払う／賃金 for 輸入するs had then made itself felt, with the result that the whole 植民地 had been brought to the 瀬戸際 of 廃虚. "Although," he said, "we have plenty of real 所有物／資産／財産 and 在庫／株 of every description, we have not a shilling which as a 植民地 we can call our own. We have no balance in our 財務省; the balance in the Commissariat chest is the 所有物／資産／財産 of the Queen. As individuals we have loose silver in our pockets--but only as individuals--for as colonists it is the 所有物／資産／財産 of the foreign creditor."** The 治療（薬）s 示唆するd by the 委員会 were to make the 植民地 an 輸出（する）ing one--this, it will be remembered, had already been 勧めるd by the 知事; to induce the British 政府 to 同意 to the flotation of a 貸付金 of 100,000 続けざまに猛撃するs to be used to 支払う／賃金 off the mortgages and introduce 労働; and to 安全な・保証する a 削減 in the price of 栄冠を与える lands. These suggestions were then put in the form of 限定された propositions*** and resulted in a long and rather acrimonious 審議. The 知事 said he was not disappointed with the discussion, because he never 推定する／予想するd anything from it. It was not possible to find any 際立った or 明確な／細部 治療（薬）. He had no panacea to 申し込む／申し出; all he could do as 長，率いる of the 政府 was to call attention at all times to three points of 行為／行う--economy, a 停止 of paper credit, and an 増加する of 輸出（する）s.**** The only 結果 of the 審議 was a 宣言 by the 会議 that a 削減 in the price of 栄冠を与える lands from 20 to 5 shillings per acre would encourage 資本主義者s to settle in the 植民地 and thus 供給する a 基金 for the introduction of labourers and artisans.***** Though barren of results in other directions, the discussion had the 影響 of encouraging 生産／産物 in さまざまな ways with the 反対する of 設立するing a larger 輸出（する） 貿易（する）. 出荷／船積みs of horses and cattle were sent to the Mauritius, where they realised 満足な prices. A 株式市場 was 設立するd at Guildford, the 後部ing of horses for Indian remounts 支持するd, and the growth of sheep to 増加する the 輸出（する） of wool encouraged. The 開発 of a 木材／素質 貿易（する） was looked upon as one of the 主要な／長／主犯 資産s of the 植民地, and 広大な／多数の／重要な activity was 陳列する，発揮するd throughout the south-west 地区 in 準備するing sawn 木材／素質 for 輸出（する）. By the end of the year over 250 トンs were lying at Bunbury を待つing 出荷／船積み. Even taken as a whole, these さまざまな movements were not 十分な to 設立する any かなりの 容積／容量 of 貿易（する）, but the 記録，記録的な／記録する of them shows that the small 植民地, which consisted of only 4350 persons, over 1200 of whom were 居住（者） in Perth, was making some 試みる／企てる to rise above its difficulties.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 2 August 1844 Inquirer 7 August 1844.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
(****Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 2 August 1844 Inquirer 7 August 1844.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid.)
Notwithstanding the activity 陳列する，発揮するd in these 投機・賭けるs and the practice of the most rigid economy on the part of the people, the 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s went from bad to worse. The 財政上の 面 in 1845 was even いっそう少なく encouraging than in the previous year. When the 開会／開廷／会期 of the 法律を制定する 会議 opened in April the 知事 had the unwelcome 仕事 of 発表するing that even the 見積（る） of 歳入 as 修正するd by the 委員会 had not been realised, and that compared with 1843/4 there was a 落ちるing off in 歳入 of 2627 続けざまに猛撃するs. On the year's 処理／取引s the 支出 越えるd the 領収書s by 450 続けざまに猛撃するs, an 量 small in itself, but appreciable in a country whose total income was いっそう少なく than 7200 続けざまに猛撃するs.* Seeing no prospect of 改良, the 知事 in 準備するing the 見積（る）s was compelled to use the pruning knife even more vigorously than the 委員会 of 1844 had done. The 歳入 he 概算の at 6920 続けざまに猛撃するs and the 支出 at 6647.** This time the 見積（る）s were passed 事実上 as 現在のd. To 減ずる them その上の without 本気で 影響する／感情ing the efficiency of the 政府 was impossible, and to have 試みる／企てるd to 増加する the 支出 in 直面する of the growing 不景気 would have been suicidal.
(*Footnote. Ibid 17 April 1845 Perth Gazette 19 April 1845.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 15 May 1845 Perth Gazette 17 May 1845.)
It is evident that the 明らかに hopeless 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s now 影響する／感情d the people 一般に.* In May they 現在のd a 記念の to the 知事 and 会議** pointing out that though the 植民地 was surrounded by the elements of wealth, 所有するd 豊富 of rich land, an industrious and intelligent 全住民, a genial 気候, and a geographical position with 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の 商業の advantages, it was in a most 批判的な position. The 循環／発行部数 was drained; 移民／移住 had 中止するd, 移住 had 開始するd; the 歳入 was 落ちるing; 所有物／資産／財産 was almost valueless; 貿易（する） was almost 絶滅するd; and public 信用／信任 at an end. The 原因（となる）s of all the evils, it was 主張するd, were the drainage of specie, and, of course, the land 規則s. The 知事 was asked to make searching 調査s as to the truth of the 主張s, and then 工夫する some 治療（薬）. What that 治療（薬） was to be or how it was to be 適用するd there was not even an 試みる／企てる to conjecture. The 記念の was 現在のd to the 法律を制定する 会議 by George 漏れる, but that 団体／死体 辞退するd to entertain it on the ground that its despondent トン and erroneous 主張s were at variance with the facts, and tended to 負傷させる the country in the minds of ーするつもりであるing 移民，移住（する）s. At the same time 漏れる endeavoured to 安全な・保証する the 任命 of a 委員会 to 問い合わせ into the 条件s of the 通貨 with a 見解（をとる） of 妨げるing the little specie that remained from leaving the 植民地 before the end of the year. The 会議, however, felt that that was a 事柄 over which it had little or no 支配（する）／統制する. The 知事 持続するd that the abstraction of specie was 予定 to the system of 貿易（する） 可決する・採択するd in the 植民地, that there were no real merchants but only 仲買人s, who did 商売／仕事 "on the 原則 of Whittington and his cat." A 動議 to 設立する a Corn 法律*** in the hope of 影響ing an 改良 in prices also received an "unqualified and uncompromising 拒絶."**** An impartial consideration of the 記念の and of 漏れる's 動議s fails to 明らかにする／漏らす any 推論する／理由 w hy they should have been 扱う／治療するd so summarily. It was 示唆するd at the time that the 憲法 of the 法律を制定する 会議 itself 供給（する）d that 推論する／理由, as the 会議 consisted principally of paid 公式の／役人s, upon whom the 不景気 had no other 影響 than to enable them to 安全な・保証する necessaries at lower prices than 以前は. While one must acquit the members of 存在 利益／興味d from that 見地, it is にもかかわらず 明らかな that they showed a 準備完了 to 拒絶する the さまざまな 提案s for 改良 without 代用品，人ing any others of value to the community. That an 不正 was done to the memorialists there is no manner of 疑問. The トン 可決する・採択するd by them may have been despondent, but their 声明s were unfortunately far from erroneous. The 植民地 WAS 存在 drained of specie, and the 政府 must have been aware of the fact, as the 植民地の schooner was at the time under orders to proceed to the Mauritius for silver.*****
(*Footnote. Some 初めの letters from George Fletcher Moore to his father, J.S. Moore, written at this period, and now in the 所有／入手 of 行方不明になる Wittenoom, Perth, 含む／封じ込める 抽出するs which are of some value as showing the position of the 植民地 at this time: "通貨の 事件／事情／状勢s of the 植民地 are getting into a very embarrassed 明言する／公表する. There is no price to be got for anything that is to be sold, and there is no 支払い（額） of 利益／興味 or rents" (1 February 1844). "Times are certainly very much changed in this 植民地. Prices of anything 植民地の have fallen to いっそう少なく than one-third of what they were" (22 March 1844). "We have got into a most 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の 明言する／公表する here. The money seems all to have 消えるd. Our 植民地の 財務省 had only 7 続けざまに猛撃するs 6 shillings and 5 pence in it after 支払う／賃金ing the salaries and disbursements of last month." After referring to 事例／患者s of 苦しめる, he goes on: "These are not 独房監禁 instances, and there are worse times coming I 恐れる" (7 July 1844). A somewhat different 公式文書，認める is struck in the に引き続いて: "By the natural course of things and the ordinary 進歩 of the 植民地 and the exertions of the 植民／開拓者s all 連合させるing to one result, prices of 在庫／株 and produce have fallen so that those who are in 負債 find it hard to raise money to 支払う／賃金. They feel embarrassed and make a 広大な／多数の／重要な 激しい抗議 about the 苦しめる of the 植民地 as if people were 餓死するing for want of food, 反して it is because there is more food than people can readily find a market for that the colonists complain, and the high price of land is 非難するd as the 原因（となる） of all this and never a word said about the high 率 of living and extravagance' (9 August 1844).)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 8 May 1845 Perth Gazette 10 May 1845. The text of the 記念の was published in Perth Gazette 3 May 1845.)
(***Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 5 June 1845 Perth Gazette 7 June 1845.)
(****Footnote. Inquirer 11 June 1845.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid.)
その上の, 移住 DID 越える 移民／移住, as the 公式の／役人 統計（学） showed, the number of 出発s for the year 1844/5 存在 124 as against 72 arrivals.* That the 全住民 増加するd from 4301 to 4369 in the twelve months was 借りがあるing to an 増加する of 120 in the number of births over deaths.** 貿易（する） was not 絶滅するd, nor was 所有物／資産／財産 valueless, but the 不景気 was so 激烈な／緊急の that the 支店 of the Bank of Australasia, which had been operating since 1839, was 孤立した from the 植民地, and the Western Australian Bank 設立する that its （株主への）配当-支払う／賃金ing capacity was 縮むing.*** These things show that the 声明s, far from 存在 erroneous, were in 広大な／多数の／重要な 手段 true. They certainly were injudicious, but the answer of the 会議 was scarcely such as to lead the petitioners to see the error of their ways.
(*Footnote. 年次の 報告（する）／憶測 on births, marriages, and deaths 1844/5 Perth Gazette 18 October 1845.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 5 July 1845.)
The land 規則s continued; of course, to form a 実りの多い／有益な 主題 for discussion and （民事の）告訴 both in the 法律を制定する 会議 and の中で the 植民／開拓者s 一般に. Since the promulgation of the 規則s 直す／買収する，八百長をするing the 最小限 price at 20 shillings per acre, 移民／移住 had almost 中止するd, and the 歳入 received from the sales of 栄冠を与える lands had 事実上 dwindled to 消えるing point. The returns show that the 量s received during the five years were: in 1841 129 続けざまに猛撃するs; 1842 2 続けざまに猛撃するs; 1843 and 1844 nil; 1845 25 続けざまに猛撃するs; a total of 156 続けざまに猛撃するs.* The whole 全住民 pleaded for the 廃止する of the 規則s. 嘆願（書）s were 今後d,** 堅固に supported by the 法律を制定する 会議 and by those in England who had knowledge of the 植民地, but all without 影響. The 国務長官 前向きに／確かに 拒絶する／低下するd to make any alteration.*** Notwithstanding repeated rebuffs, the 法律を制定する 会議 made a その上の 試みる／企てる in June and July 1845.**** A 一連の propositions was （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するd 宣言するing that the experiences of nearly three years had 確認するd the opinions 表明するd in the 抗議する of 1842; that the system was noxious in its 影響s, having stopped 移民／移住 and 減ずるd the value of 所有物／資産／財産; that the want of attention shown by the 皇室の 政府 to the remonstrances of the colonists was to be regretted; that the 影響 of the 規則s, which 適用するd only to Australia, had been to コースを変える the tide of 移住 to the African and American 植民地s; that any 法律制定 deterring 移民／移住 was 不正な, 特に when 資本／首都 and 労働 were abundant in 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain; that it was 不正な to 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 the 植民地 with the expense of 輸入するing 労働; and that the system of 占領／職業 of 栄冠を与える lands was …に反対するd to the opinions and wishes of the colonists. These propositions were all carried in spite of the strong 対立 of the 知事 and 支持する-General. Later in the month this latter officer brought 今後 a その上の 一連の 動議s 取引，協定ing with the same 支配する, but couched in different language. As some of these met with 対立 they were all 孤立した. A 記念の 具体的に表現するing the whole of the 決意／決議s was then drawn up and transmitted to the 国務長官,***** who replied that the "system of land sales must remain untouched."******
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 19 June 1845 Inquirer 25 June 1845.)
(**Footnote. Hutt to Lord Stanley 9 January 1843 Numbers 5 and 7.)
(***Footnote. Lord Stanley to Hutt 11 August 1843.)
(****Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 19 June and 10 July 1845 Perth Gazette 21 June and 12 July 1845.)
(*****Footnote. Hutt to 国務長官 15 August 1845.)
(******Footnote. W.E. Gladstone to 知事 Clarke 14 March 1846.)
Another suggestion for affording 救済 was the 就任（式）／開始 of a spirited public 作品 政策. At the instance of the 植民／開拓者s an 行為／法令／行動する was passed by the 会議 authorising a 貸付金 of 2000 続けざまに猛撃するs at 7 per cent for the 目的 of building a gaol and carrying out other necessary 作品 such as road-making.* The 行為／法令／行動する was disallowed by the 植民地の Office** on the ground that in a small 植民地 with a barely 十分な income it was unwise to 心配する 歳入. At the same time it was 解決するd to 適用する to the 皇室の 当局 for a 貸付金 of 10,000 続けざまに猛撃するs for public 作品.*** The request was accordingly made,**** but 辞退するd on the ground that it was against the 原則s of the 政府 regarding 植民地の 事件／事情／状勢s.***** An 査定／評価 on land for road 目的s was also brought 今後, but did not 会合，会う with the 是認 of the 会議, which 示唆するd that the trustees for roads should use the 力／強力にする they 所有するd of raising a 貸付金 on the 安全 of the （死傷者）数s.******
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 10 July and 5 August 1845 Perth Gazette 12 July and 9 August 1845.)
(**Footnote. Gladstone to Clarke 14 March 1846.)
(***Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 10 July 1845 Perth Gazette 12 July 1845.)
(****Footnote. Hutt to Lord Stanley 20 August 1845.)
(*****Footnote. Gladstone to Clarke 15 January 1846.)
(******Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 21 August 1845 Perth Gazette 23 August 1845.)
During the year 1845 その上の 成果／努力s were made to 増加する the 輸出（する） of wool and oil, and 設立する a 永久の 貿易（する） in other 商品／必需品s. An 実験の 出荷／船積み of four トンs of sandalwood realised 40 続けざまに猛撃するs,* and a 契約 was made to 供給（する） 400 トンs of jarrah to the Admiralty for use in the dockyards.** The Vineyard Society, formed in 1842 to 促進する the culture of the vine and olive, 報告（する）／憶測d the 満足な 生産／産物 of ワイン.*** The total 輸出（する）s for the year （機の）カム to 13,353 続けざまに猛撃するs, of which 7257 続けざまに猛撃するs was 代表するd by wool, and 4228 by oil and whalebone.****
(*Footnote. Blue 調書をとる／予約する 1845 page 124.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 17 and 24 May 1845.)
(***Footnote. Inquirer 2 April 1845.)
(****Footnote. Blue 調書をとる／予約する 1845 page 124.)
In the 中央 of the 植民地's troubles, when an experienced 知事 with 広範囲にわたる 地元の knowledge was 特に 望ましい, 知事 Hutt 発表するd his 意向 to retire. He had for some time past been in indifferent health, and felt that it would be wise to take advantage of the expiry of his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 and return to England. He left the 植民地 in H.M.S. 飛行機で行く on 19 February 1846.
Upon the whole Hutt cannot be considered to have been a popular 知事. He was universally 尊敬（する）・点d for his uprightness of character and for the strict and 安定した 公平さ that 示すd his 行政, but he received 非，不，無 of that enthusiastic 賞賛 which was （許可，名誉などを）与えるd to Sir James Stirling. に引き続いて upon that officer whose inclinations and opinions were almost invariably on the 味方する of the 植民／開拓者 and …に反対するd to the Home 当局, and 所有するing as he did rigid 原則s and a 深い sense of the importance of his position, he was bound to come into 衝突 with the people whom he was called upon to 治める／統治する, more 特に as he 許すd neither personal friendships nor 地元の 影響（力）s to 干渉する with the 業績／成果 of his 義務.* His unpopularity was おもに 予定 to his strict 施行 of the land 規則s and his 拒絶 to 収容する／認める that every 規則 of the 植民地の Office which did not 会合，会う with the 是認 of the 植民／開拓者s was wrong. He was undeservedly 非難するd for advising the British 政府 to raise the selling price of 栄冠を与える lands and 平等に undeservedly （刑事）被告 of 存在 the 原因（となる） of the 不景気 that 存在するd. The 明らかな 失敗 of his 財政上の 行政 was more than anything 予定 to the fact that he assumed the reins of 政府 just at the time when a strong reaction was manifesting itself throughout 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain against the extreme 移住 政策 of the previous １０年間. All the 植民地s 苦しむd from that reaction, but 非，不，無 so 厳しく as Western Australia, which had in 新規加入 to fight against continued misrepresentation and falsehood. In these circumstances it was almost impossible to 見積（る） with any degree of 保証／確信 either the 歳入 or the 支出 for any period in 前進する. By the 演習 of extreme 警告を与える and circumspection Hutt probably saved Western Australia from some of the 災害s that the other 植民地s 苦しむd, though it is possible that that same 警告を与える retarded the 植民地's 前進する when 事柄s 一般に throughout Australia began to 権利 themselves.
(*Footnote. "He is not popular here because he is of South Australian or Gibbon Wakefield and Whig 過激な politics, but he has been an excellent 知事 for us, 慎重な and careful in the 管理／経営 of public 基金s, and just and conscientious in his 行政, and having いっそう少なく propensity for jobbing than most public men." G.F. Moore to his father 9 August 1844. Quotation taken from manuscript letter not printed.)
His 政策 toward the aborigines also roused the 対立 of the colonists when it was first made known. They regarded it as the 結果 of mawkish sentimentality toward the natives on the part of people in England, who really knew nothing of the practical 味方する of the question, and they considered that its only 影響 would be to 増加する the lawlessness and 暴力／激しさ of the savages. By the end of Hutt's 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語, however, the 植民／開拓者s were 納得させるd that the friendly intercourse between the whites and the natives and the absence of 争い were 予定 to the humane 対策 he had 可決する・採択するd.
Consideration of these さまざまな 事柄s leaves little 疑問 that his 行政 was on sounder lines than that of his 前任者. In fact, many of the difficulties that he had to 直面する were the result of a 確かな degree of partiality on the part of Sir James Stirling, and the 対立 he met with, both from the 法律を制定する 会議 and the colonists 一般に, would have fallen to the lot of any man who endeavoured to carry out 厳密に the 義務s 課すd by his （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限. As a 肉親，親類d friend his 出発 was regretted by all, though in the minds of many that 悔いる was tempered by the knowledge that his 出発 put a stop to his 行政. But 裁判官d apart from the 影響（力） of the 即座の circumstances, that 行政, though unpalatable, was wise and necessary in the 利益／興味s of Western Australia, and that fact would probably have been recognised at the time had it not been that long before his arrival he had been prejudged as a man of strong personality with 際立った leanings に向かって the 政策 of the 植民地の Office.
When （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） reached England that Hutt ーするつもりであるd to retire, 試みる／企てるs were made, without success, to 安全な・保証する the 任命 of Marshall Waller Clifton, the ex-長，指導者 Commissioner of the Western Australian Company.* In August 1845, 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐 Andrew Clarke, K.H., was 任命するd to 後継する 知事 Hutt, and arrived in the 植民地 in February 1846. An Irishman by birth, 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐 Clarke had had previous 行政の experience as 知事 of St. Lucia.** The ありふれた belief that when things are 特に bad a change of 政府 will often bring 救済, seemed in a 手段 be 正当化するd by the new 知事's arrival. Certainly the 植民地 had touched 底（に届く）, and there began a slow but appreciable 改良 in 事件／事情／状勢s. When the 財政上の year の近くにd in March it was 設立する that the 歳入 概算の at 6920 続けざまに猛撃するs had 産する／生じるd 7866 続けざまに猛撃するs, and showed a 黒字／過剰 of 335 続けざまに猛撃するs over the 支出.***
(*Footnote. Swan River News and Western Australian Chronicle London 容積／容量 2 page 165.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 183.)
(***Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 23 April 1846 Inquirer 29 April 1846.)
In January 1846, a 派遣（する） was received from the 国務長官 for the 植民地s* 知らせるing the 知事 that the 行為／法令／行動する of 1844 課すing 確かな 義務s on 輸入するs had been disallowed, such disallowance to 施行される three months after 領収書 of the notification. The ground of 反対 was the same as 知事 Hutt had 勧めるd so 堅固に when the 事柄 was under consideration, すなわち, that the 提案s were bad in 原則. Other 提案s to take the place of those annulled were 示唆するd in he 派遣（する）, and 知事 Clarke called the 法律を制定する 会議 together to consider these. In 一致 with the suggestions--事実上 directions--of the 国務長官 the 行為／法令／行動する of 1844 was 廃止するd and a その上の one 代用品，人d for 課すing 義務s by way of 歳入 only, and not by way of 保護.** This Customs 法令／条例 (9 Victoria Number 7) is rather of importance, as it was distinctly preferential in character, all 輸入するs from foreign countries 存在 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d with a 義務 twice as 広大な／多数の／重要な as that on 輸入するs from any part of the British empire. The basis of value for 計算するing the 義務 was the invoice price with 20 per cent 追加するd.
(*Footnote. Lord Stanley to Hutt 12 September 1845.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 3 and 16 April 1846 Inquirer 8 and 22 April 1846.)
Another 法令／条例 of importance passed at this time was one 廃止するing the pilotage 予定s and making the ports of Western Australia 解放する／自由な to the world.* It was thought that the high 予定s exacted from the masters of 後継の 大型船s had done much to keep ships away from the 植民地, and had その結果 妨げるd the 開発 of an 輸出（する） 貿易（する）. As an 実験 it was 価値（がある） trying, as the 植民地 had little to lose by it, and so far as one can 裁判官 it had some 影響 in inducing 大型船s to make Fremantle one of their ports of call.
(*Footnote. Ibid 23 April 1846 Perth Gazette 25 April 1846.)
借りがあるing to the illness of the 知事, little else was done by the 法律を制定する 会議 beyond passing the 見積（る）s (歳入 7670 続けざまに猛撃するs; 支出, 7610 続けざまに猛撃するs) for 1846/7 and agreeing to the perennial 決意／決議s …に反対するing the price of 栄冠を与える lands and 反対するing to the system 一般に.*
(*Footnote. Ibid 16, 23 and 30 April 1846 Perth Gazette 18 and 25 April, 2 May 1846.)
In the English 議会 the only 事柄 of 利益／興味 to the 植民地 was a 法案 to continue the 操作／手術 of the 行為／法令／行動する of George IV with regard to the 政府 of Western Australia. The discussion that took place in the House of Lords is 利益／興味ing because it foreshadowed the 認めるing of responsible 政府 to the Australian 植民地s.* Earl Grey 表明するd the opinion that the earlier system of colonisation, by which the colonists were 許すd to manage their own 事件／事情／状勢s without any 干渉，妨害 on the part of the Mother Country, was infinitely safer, wiser, and better than that which had of late years been 可決する・採択するd. The whole system of the 政府 of Australia 要求するd 改正, and to be placed on an 改善するd and 永久の 地盤. Then, によれば The Times' 報告（する）／憶測,** the Duke of Richmond gave notice that IF THERE WERE NO REMEDY FOR THE FRIGHTFUL EVILS EXISTING IN THIS COLONY FROM THE STATE OF THE CONVICTS TRANSPORTED he would move for a 委員会 of 調査, for in no country calling itself Christian was there a worse 明言する／公表する of depravity. Lord Lyttelton, the Under-国務長官 for the 植民地s, replied that he had paid attention to the 支配する and had strong hopes of 存在 able to produce a 手段 during the 開会／開廷／会期 to 是正する those evils. When this 報告（する）／憶測 reached Western Australia there was 広大な／多数の／重要な public indignation, as up to that time the 植民／開拓者s had always proudly 強調d the fact that the 植民地 was 解放する／自由な from taint. The 声明s were put 負かす／撃墜する as 存在 one more 指示，表示する物 of the woeful ignorance 存在するing even in high places. A 言及／関連 to Hansard shows, however, that both the Duke of Richmond and Lord Lyttleton were referring to the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system in Australia as it then 存在するd, and not to Western Australia, so that かなりの public energy seems to have been unnecessarily expended over the 事柄.
(*Footnote. Hansard third series 容積／容量 86 page 171 7 May 1846.)
(**Footnote. Swan River News 容積／容量 3 page 44; Inquirer 21 October 1846.)
Though the 不景気 was by no means at an end, it seemed to be 少なくなるd in 緊張 after 知事 Clarke's arrival in 1846. The 推論する／理由 is probably to be 設立する in the fact that Hutt's advice to develop the さまざまな potentialities and encourage an 輸出（する） 貿易（する） was 存在 行為／法令／行動するd upon. In January 1846 the Unicorn left Fremantle with the largest 貨物 of Western Australian produce that had so far been 輸出（する）d, consisting おもに of wool, oil, and 木材／素質.* The 木材／素質 貿易（する） 特に began to 誘発する a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of 利益／興味. For years 以前 boats had been built of 地元の 支持を得ようと努めるd, but in 1846 something better was 試みる／企てるd, and three small ships, the largest 有能な of carrying 300 トンs, were 建設するd at Fremantle.** さまざまな 大型船s were also 修理d in the 植民地, and in the 事例／患者 of one of them, the Halifax packet, Lloyd's surveyor 表明するd 広大な／多数の／重要な satisfaction with the class of 支持を得ようと努めるd used.*** The colonists were advised that a ready market 存在するd in England for 植民地の hardwoods,**** and 用意が出来ている a good 取引，協定 for 派遣（する）, but unfortunately, the want of shipping 施設s 大いに 妨げるd the 開発 of the 貿易（する）.***** ーするために 延長する 操作／手術s, the Western Australian Bank 申し込む／申し出d 自由主義の 援助 to those cutting 木材／素質. It agreed to 前進する 2 続けざまに猛撃するs for every 負担 stacked on the beach and a その上の 10 shillings when the 負担 was shipped.****** During the year 貿易（する） with the Mauritius was also encouraged, and the 創立／基礎s laid for the 輸出（する） of sandalwood******* to Ceylon and 中国. At the end of 1846 it was 概算の that 200 トンs of this 支持を得ようと努めるd were ready for 派遣（する）, the total value of 木材／素質 現実に 輸出（する）d during the twelve months 存在 575 続けざまに猛撃するs.********
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 24 January 1846.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 26 August 1846.)
(***Footnote. Swan River News 容積／容量 3 page 27.)
(****Footnote. Swan River News 容積／容量 3 pages 9, 19, 27 and 35.)
(*****Footnote. Perth Gazette 17 October 1846.)
(******Footnote. Inquirer 28 August 1844.)
(*******Footnote. Perth Gazette 31 January 1846.)
(********Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
In 新規加入 to the 利益／興味 shown in the 開発 of the 木材／素質 資源s there was an encouraging 復活 of 捕鯨, and when the season was 結論するd the 量 of oil and bone 安全な・保証するd for 輸出（する） was valued at nearly 7000 続けざまに猛撃するs.*
(*Footnote. Inquirer 16 December 1846.)
A その上の 利益／興味ing 開発 in 1846 was in the direction of minerals. Rumours of mineral 発見s had 繰り返して been made in previous years, but nothing had come of them, though both explorers and geologists 表明するd the opinion that the country was not devoid of mineral wealth. Some incentive to search was given by the 発見 of 巡査 in 1842 and 1844 in the 隣人ing 植民地 of South Australia, which by 1845 had become a 歳入-producing factor.
About the middle of the year, 見本／標本s of coal of an inferior 質 were discovered in the Murray 地区.* The 政府, recognising the 耐えるing which the 発見 of coal 対策 would have upon the 開発 of the 植民地, proceeded to make a closer examination of the 地区.** The 報告（する）／憶測s received were favourable and 広大な／多数の／重要な public 利益／興味 was 誘発するd. Rumours of mineral finds became general, and for a time 事実上 the whole 全住民 seems to have been attacked by 採掘 fever.***
(*Footnote. Ibid 29 July 1846.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 12 August 1846.)
Toward the end of August a 会合 was held and a 委員会 任命するd at Perth with a 見解（をとる） to the 形式 of a company for the 目的 of 調査／捜査するing the mineral 資源s of the 植民地.* The first locality to be 実験（する）d was the supposed coal-bed on the river Murray. As a result of the 成果／努力s of this 委員会 there was 問題／発行するd in September the prospectus of the Western Australian 採掘 Company, with a 資本／首都 of 20,000 続けざまに猛撃するs.**
(*Footnote. Inquirer 2 September 1846.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 23 September 1846.)
A few days later （機の）カム the 告示 of a その上の 発見 of coal on the Irwin River by A.C. Gregory, the Assistant Surveyor-General, and his brothers. These officers returned from an 探検隊／遠征隊 to the north of Perth with a large 封鎖する of coal said to have been taken from a seam six feet 厚い.* On the strength of the 発見 the actual finder, Mr. H.C. Gregory, 適用するd for the 解放する／自由な 認める of 2560 acres 約束d in 1839 to the discoverer of coal.** A party under 中尉／大尉／警部補 Helpman was sent to 報告（する）／憶測 on these 発見s 早期に in the に引き続いて year, and returned with the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that the coal seam had been traced for several miles.*** The 政府 Gazette 発表するd that the party had 証明するd "the 存在 of a large and open bed of coal" at the locality 示すd by Messrs. Gregory.****
(*Footnote. Ibid 30 September 1846.)
(**Footnote. This was 認めるd. See Earl Grey to Irwin 22 August 1847.)
(***Footnote. Inquirer 20 January 1847.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 8 January 1847.)
一方／合間 the 採掘 Company had started 操作／手術s, and a bore was sunk in the Murray 地区. At a depth of 40 feet coal of a better 質 was reached,* but さらに先に 負かす／撃墜する the 指示，表示する物s were not so good. Then trouble arose, as the 株主s were "sordid persons" and looked for （株主への）配当s, and an 専門家, Dr. F. 出身の Sommer, was （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限d to 報告（する）／憶測 upon the prospects. The 報告（する）／憶測 was that of a true "採掘 専門家," vague and unsubstantial, and asked for その上の time for 調査.** In March 1847 軸s were sunk 近づく Kelmscott in the Canning 地区, in the hope of 安全な・保証するing lead. This hope was not realised, but an 分析 of 100 続けざまに猛撃するs of 鉱石 taken out showed 66 per cent zinc, 13 per cent sulphur, and 10 per cent アイロンをかける, the 残りの人，物 存在 earthy 事柄.*** Zinc, however, had little value on the market at the time, and as a reaction after the 採掘 fever had 始める，決める in, very little more in the direction of mineral 調査 was done for some years.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 23 December 1846.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 7 April 1847 報告（する）／憶測 from Dr. 出身の Sommer 31 March 1847.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 26 May 1847 出身の Sommer's 報告（する）／憶測 24 May 1847.)
Changes in the 政府 became necessary about this time 借りがあるing to the death of the 植民地の 長官 in 1846, and of the 知事 早期に in the に引き続いて year. The office of 行政官／管理者 devolved upon 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐 Irwin, while the 植民地の Secretaryship was filled by the 一時的な 任命 of the 支持する-General, G.F. Moore.
The 法律を制定する 会議 met in June 1847, and from the 知事's speech it is 明らかな that an 改良 was taking place in 地元の 事件／事情／状勢s. 早い 進歩 had been made in the acquirement of 内部の wealth and in the 開発 of the 植民地's 資源s. The 歳入 for 1846/7 量d to 8453 続けざまに猛撃するs, while the 支出 was only 7966 続けざまに猛撃するs, leaving, with the previous year's 黒字／過剰, a credit balance of 821 続けざまに猛撃するs.* 借りがあるing to the 改良 in the 財政／金融s the 知事 発表するd that he had been able to arrange for the 植民地の schooner 支持する／優勝者 to proceed to Singapore for the 目的 of 安全な・保証するing a 供給（する） of Chinese, who would be under 約束／交戦 to remain in the 植民地 for three years. By this means he hoped that かなりの 救済 would be afforded to the 植民／開拓者s by 供給（する）ing the 欠陥／不足 存在するing in the 労働 market.** Another 事柄 of importance について言及するd in the speech was an 増加する of 6869 続けざまに猛撃するs in the value of 輸出（する）s for 1846/7 over those of 1845/6, which brought the 輸出（する）s to within 5000 続けざまに猛撃するs of the 輸入するs.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 3 June 1847 Perth Gazette 5 June 1847.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
In pursuance of the 意向 について言及するd in the speech, the 支持する／優勝者 was later in the year 派遣（する）d to Singapore and returned with a few Chinese servants.* 植民地s of German 移民，移住（する）s were at that time 存在 輸入するd into South Australia with more than a little success, and, 耐えるing that in mind, the 法律を制定する 会議 任命するd a 委員会 to consider how best to 安全な・保証する part of that stream for Western Australia.** Nothing resulted, however, except a 報告（する）／憶測 of a valueless nature.***
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 6 November 1847.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 8 July 1847 Perth Gazette 10 July 1847.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 13 July 1847 ibid 15 July 1847.)
The 開会／開廷／会期 of 1847 was 示すd by extreme activity in 事柄s of 法律制定. The 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of 対策 提案するd almost looks as if Irwin was anxious to get his personal ideas passed into 法律 quickly and before a 後継者 to the late 知事 could arrive from England. The 長，指導者 提案 was one to place an 輸出（する） 税金 on sandalwood, the proceeds to be 充てるd to the 維持／整備 of roads.* This 誘発するd very strong 対立,** in deference to which it was 孤立した for a time in favour of a system of licence 料金s for 許可 to 削減（する） sandalwood.*** It was 再提出するd later in the year and passed into 法律,**** but by May 1848 the 影響s of it had become so 示すd and the 法令／条例 itself so 人気がない that it was 一時停止するd for six months***** and not 新たにするd during the year. Another 手段 of importance was the 廃止 of the General Roads 信用 and the substitution of a Central Board of 作品, 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d with the construction and 維持／整備 of the roads throughout the 植民地.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 9 September 1847 Perth Gazette 11 September 1847.)
(**Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of public 会合 Perth Gazette 18 September 1847.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1 October 1847.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 3 December 1847.)
(*****Footnote. Perth Gazette 27 May 1848.)
In 1847 an 新規加入 was made to the 公式の／役人 members of both the 法律を制定する and (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議s by the 任命 of the Collector of Customs, H.C. Sutherland. The 非公式の 部分 also underwent some change through the 辞職 of Mr. Singleton, who was 後継するd first by Mr. Andrews and afterwards by Mr. S. Moore.
That the 不景気 was giving way before the 決定するd energies of the people is 明らかな from the 輸出（する）s for the year. Ever since the 創立／基礎 of the 植民地 the value of the 輸入するs had 大部分は 越えるd that of the 輸出（する）s, but in 1847 it was 設立する that against 輸入するs to the value of 25,463 続けざまに猛撃するs the colonists were able to place 24,535 続けざまに猛撃するs in 輸出（する）s. One remarkable feature was the growth of the sandalwood 貿易（する）. In 1846 it was valued at 320 続けざまに猛撃するs; in 1847 it had reached 4444 続けざまに猛撃するs.* The 歳入, too, was distinctly buoyant; the 見積（る） of 8070 続けざまに猛撃するs was 越えるd by nearly 400 続けざまに猛撃するs, and that without any appreciable 増加する in the 支出. The 見積（る）s for 1847/8 were でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd on more 希望に満ちた lines, and the 歳入 was 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する at 9221 続けざまに猛撃するs.**
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 8 July 1847 Perth Gazette 10 July 1847.)
In January 1848, news of the 任命 of Captain Charles Fitzgerald as 知事 was received with every manifestation of delight. Though the colonists 尊敬（する）・点d Irwin as a man, they had a decided 反対 to him as 知事. His methods of raising money were 特に obnoxious, and every 行政の 行為／法令／行動する was 見解（をとる）d with 疑惑. It is doubtful whether any 推論する／理由 for the 対立 could have been given. Long years of 不景気 and struggle had made the colonists 悲観的な, and, like discontented British 支配するs in every ４半期/4分の1 of the globe, they threw the 非難する upon the 政府 of the day. The Inquirer, a 定期刊行物 所有するing a much wider 循環／発行部数 than the Perth Gazette, was probably the instigator of most of the feeling 陳列する，発揮するd, its editor 存在 a disappointed office 探検者.*
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 29 January and 5 February 1848. There are also repeated 言及／関連s to the 態度 of the newspaper に向かって the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 and his officers in the manuscript letters of G.F. Moore already referred to.)
As the new 知事 did not arrive until some months after the 告示, it fell to the lot of Irwin to 統括する over the 開会／開廷／会期 of the 法律を制定する 会議, which opened in March 1848, and in which the newly-arrived 植民地の 長官 (Dr. Richard Robert Madden) took his seat for the first time. The 見通し, as 公表する／暴露するd by the 知事's speech, was becoming brighter; the 歳入 had 越えるd the 支出, 輸出（する）s were 増加するing in value, and approximating even more nearly to the 輸入するs than in the previous year; and in every direction there was 証拠 that the 厳しい period of 不景気 was coming to an end. Beyond passing the 見積（る）s for 1848/9 little 商売／仕事 was done, as Irwin intimated that he did not wish in any way to 妨害する the movements or 心配する the ideas of the new 知事, who was believed to be on his way to the 植民地.* It became necessary, however, to 召喚する a second 開会／開廷／会期 in June, to consider a 派遣（する） from the 国務長官 for the 植民地s.** For the sake of convenience the 会議 had 可決する・採択するd the practice of passing in March the 見積（る）s for the 後継するing year 開始するing in April, instead of those for the year later, as the 財政上の 規則s 要求するd them to do.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 22 and 30 March 1848 Perth Gazette 25 March and 8 April 1848.)
(**Footnote. Earl Grey to Irwin 11 February 1847.)
The 派遣（する） drew attention to this 規則 and 要求するd that the 見積（る）s of the 会議 should be 用意が出来ている in 前進する so that the Home 当局 might have the 適切な時期 of pronouncing upon them before they 現実に （機の）カム into 操作／手術. In pursuance therefore of this direction the 知事 現在のd to the 会議 the 見積（る）s for 1849/50, which showed a 減少（する） of 500 続けざまに猛撃するs on the 人物／姿／数字s for 1848/9.* As soon as the 見積（る）s were out of the way, two other very important 事柄s were brought up for consideration. One was the necessity for その上の 探検, not so much for the 目的 of 正確な 調査する as with the 反対する of finding, if possible, その上の suitable land for pastoral 追跡s. The land 利用できる for sheep was all in use, and the want of new depasturing 地区s was 厳しく felt. It was agreed that the Surveyor-General should lead an 探検隊／遠征隊 through the south-east in the に引き続いて September.** The other 事柄 considered was the 憲法 of the 法律を制定する 会議.*** Out of the ten members, seven held their seats by virtue of their 公式の／役人 positions as 政府 officers. Only three were what might be 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d 非公式の, and these were 任命するd by the 植民地の Office upon the 知事's 指名／任命. There 存在 明らかに no chance of 安全な・保証するing any alteration in the direction of elective 代表, an endeavour was made, without success, in 1845 to 安全な・保証する the 任命 of 付加 非公式の members. The question was again raised in 1848, and a 委員会 was 任命するd to 準備する a 声明 upon the 憲法 of the 会議 for 贈呈 to the 国務長官. The 声明 showed that 初めは the 力／強力にする of 法律制定, 含むing 課税, was vested in the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある alone; that four unsalaried members were afterwards 追加するd to form a mixed 立法機関 of five 給料を受けている officers and four 非公式の colonists; that the 原則s of 憲法 of that 団体／死体 reserved to the 栄冠を与える the 指名／任命, 中断, and 除去 of members, and vested the initiat イオン of 法案s, the 選択 of putting questions to the 投票（する）, and the 力／強力にする of 拒否権 in the 知事; that on a vacancy occurring in the 非公式の 会員の地位 a 給料を受けている officer, the 植民地の 裁判官, had been 任命するd; and that a その上の 給料を受けている officer, the Collector of 歳入, had since been 追加するd, making the 割合 of 給料を受けている officers to 非公式の members that of seven to three. さまざまな suggestions for the equalisation of 代表者／国会議員s were made, but left to the Home 政府 to settle. One thing was definitely requested: that the 全員一致の 投票（する） of the 非公式の members against a proposition should have the 影響 of 拒否権ing it.****
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 29 June 1848 Perth Gazette 1 July 1848.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 13 July 1848 Perth Gazette 15 July 1848.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 20 July 1848 ibid 22 July 1848.)
(****Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 25 July 1848 Perth Gazette 29 July 1848.)
The 報告（する）／憶測 of the 委員会 did not 会合，会う with 是認. In place of it an 改正 was passed asking that three or four 非公式の members be 追加するd to the 職員／兵員 of the 会議. The request was duly 今後d with the favourable 推薦 of Irwin.* It was followed いっそう少なく than a month afterwards by a 派遣（する） from 知事 Fitzgerald** deprecating any such change. The 国務長官 拒絶する／低下するd to 許可／制裁 any alteration of the 会議 until the 植民地 was 用意が出来ている to relieve the British 政府 from any 支払い（額）s by way of 議会の 認める.***
(*Footnote. Irwin to Earl Grey 3 August 1848.)
(**Footnote. Fitzgerald to Earl Grey 21 August 1848.)
(***Footnote. Grey to Fitzgerald 26 December 1848.)
With these 事柄s the 行政 of 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐 Irwin の近くにd, the new 知事 arriving at Fremantle on 10 August. As 以前 公式文書，認めるd, Irwin's methods of 政府 were not popular, and the termination of his 当局 was 見解（をとる）d with some degree of satisfaction, not perhaps unshared by the Commandant himself, who had grown 疲れた／うんざりした of the 決定するd 対立 shown toward every 提案 made by him and the continual misrepresentation to which he was 支配するd. Captain Fitzgerald, who was not without 行政の experience, having been 知事 of the Gambia for nearly four years, was あられ／賞賛するd with delight almost as the saviour of the 植民地, and 演説（する）／住所s of welcome にわか雨d upon him from all ４半期/4分の1s.
No 事柄s of any political importance arose during the 残りの人，物 of 1848. As a result of agitation on the part of colonists in England, the 植民地の Office 許可／制裁d the raising of a 貸付金 for 移民／移住 目的s upon the 安全 of the Land 基金.* As there did not happen to be a solvent Land 基金 in Western Australia, no 利益 was derived from the 譲歩.
(*Footnote. See letter from Louis Samson printed in Perth Gazette 16 December 1848.)
証拠s of returning 繁栄 may be 設立する in the 輸出（する）s for the year, which 量d in value to 29,598 続けざまに猛撃するs. Of this total, sandalwood, which three years 以前 had not been considered as an 資産 of any value, accounted for 13,353* 続けざまに猛撃するs, more than the 輸出（する） value of wool and oil together. There is no 疑問 that an 平等に large 貿易（する） in the 地元の hardwoods--the jarrah and karri--would also have been developed at this period if the colonists had only had at their 命令（する） 施設s for cutting and 準備するing large 量s. A 需要・要求する for these hardwoods had certainly arisen, but the colonists were やめる unable to 会合，会う it. 請負業者s for 鉄道 construction in India were ready to use the 木材／素質,** but unfortunately could not get it as 速く as they 要求するd it. To 打ち勝つ the difficulties an 試みる／企てる was made in マドラス to form a Western Australian 木材／素質 Company,*** but without success. Later in the year a small company was formed at Perth with a 資本／首都 of 1000 続けざまに猛撃するs,**** a sum so small that the 関心 was やむを得ず doomed to 失敗.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(**Footnote. See Irwin's speech to 法律を制定する 会議 22 March 1848 Perth Gazette 25 March 1848.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 8 April 1848.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 21 and 28 October 1848.)
The 採掘 Company continued its 操作／手術s during the year, and 軸s were sunk in さまざまな places in the hope of discovering payable minerals. The 期待 that good coal 存在するd on the Murray had not been borne out, and the 専門家, Dr. 出身の Sommer, was sent to 診察する the coal find of the Messrs. Gregory. The only 価値のある result from these wanderings that seems to have accrued to the 植民地 was a 地質学の 地図／計画する of the south-western 分割. Besides coal, continual rumours were 循環させるd that 巡査 was also to be 設立する. Some 鉱石 sent from Kelmscott to South Australia was 宣言するd to 含む／封じ込める that metal, and その上の 発見s of it were 報告（する）／憶測d from Hardey's 所有物／資産／財産, 近づく York, but no serious 試みる／企てる at 採掘 was made until the end of the year, when lead was discovered in the Northampton 地区 and the Geraldine Lead 地雷 opened up.
The rumours of minerals and the necessity of その上の country for the 拡張 of the pastoral 産業 led to a 復活 in 探検 during the period 1843 to 1850. 早期に in 1843 Landor and Lefroy made a short trip to the south-east of York and Beverley in search of a large inland sea について言及するd by the natives. Beyond the headwaters of the Hotham and the Williams they did discover some lakes, but they were for the most part salt, and were not surrounded by country at all favourable for pasturage.* In the に引き続いて year 中尉／大尉／警部補 Helpman in the schooner 支持する／優勝者 was 派遣（する）d to Gantheaume Bay, at the mouth of the Murchison River, and brought 支援する 報告（する）／憶測s confirmatory of Captain Stokes' 観察s on the general character of the country.** An excursion 負かす／撃墜する the Blackwood River was made by Assistant Surveyor A.C. Gregory in 1845, and in 1846 the same officer, …を伴ってd by his brothers F.T. and C. Gregory visited the salt lake 地域 of the 内部の. It was in the course of this 探検隊／遠征隊, while 診察するing the rivers 報告（する）／憶測d by Grey in 1839, that the 発見 of a coal seam was made 近づく the source of the Irwin.*** The same party made a その上の examination of the Murchison and Gascoyne 地区s late in 1848, and discovered a galena lode in the bed of the Murchison River.**** So much 利益／興味 was shown in this 発見, that in December the 地区 was visited by the 知事 and the Geraldine 地雷 設立するd.***** It was during this 旅行 that 知事 Fitzgerald was speared by the natives.****** In the same year the Surveyor-General started on the longest of those 探検隊／遠征隊s which earned for him the 肩書を与える of the father of Australian explorers. Starting from York and making toward the south-east, he reached the Pallinup in October, and from there turned easterly until the Bremer 範囲 was reached. No better country than dense scrub and salt lakes could be seen さらに先に on, so 魚の卵 退却／保養地d toward the coast, stopping only at the Russell 範囲, after 存在 without water for three days and nights. O n the return 旅行 several 広範囲にわたる beds of brown coal were 設立する at the Fitzroy River. The party reached Perth in February 1849, after having 調査するd 1800 miles of country, some of which was ひどく 木材／素質d with 支持を得ようと努めるd of 商業の value.*******
(*Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 in Inquirer 8 February 1843.)
(**Footnote. Swan River News 容積／容量 2 pages 180 and 181.)
(***Footnote. Inquirer 30 September 1846.)
(****Footnote. Perth Gazette 25 November 1848.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 30 December 1848.)
(******Footnote. Ibid 19 December 1848.)
(*******Footnote. Lands Department Western Australian Explorers' Diaries 1846 to 1865 pages 107 et seq.)
The 支配する of the land 法律s, both as regarded sale and 賃貸し（する）ing, was still considered of 深遠な importance by the colonists, and the agitation which had been carried on 事実上 from the inception of the 植民地 still continued. In this 尊敬（する）・点 Western Australia was not singular. In January 1848 the 法律を制定する 会議 of New South むちの跡s had 今後d to the 植民地の Office the 報告（する）／憶測 of a 委員会 which sought a 削減 in the 最小限 price of 栄冠を与える lands. The reply* to this 報告（する）／憶測, a copy of which was sent to Western Australia, 明言する／公表するd that "the very same arguments which are now brought 今後 against the 設立 of the 最小限 price of 1 続けざまに猛撃する per acre in 1841 were 勧めるd with no いっそう少なく 信用／信任 against the 設立 of a 最小限 price of 5 shillings per acre as a 代用品，人 for 解放する／自由な 認めるs in 1831, and the その後の 前進する of the price to 12 shillings an acre in 1839. Each of these changes has been regarded with equal 逮捕, yet, as I have 観察するd, it is with the 採択 of that 政策, which has 平等に dictated each 連続する 前進する in the price of land, that the 広大な／多数の／重要な 進歩 of the 植民地 may be said to have 開始するd." This reply, which was 適用するd to the Australian 植民地s as a whole, scarcely answered the arguments 前進するd; and certainly the latter part of it, as far as Western Australia was 関心d, was not borne out by the facts. The 量 received from the sale of 栄冠を与える lands under the 規則 was pitifully small, and did not in any way 与える／捧げる toward 広大な／多数の／重要な 進歩. For years after the 規則 （機の）カム into 軍隊, adversity rather than 繁栄 支配するd in the 植民地, and the 改善するd 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s in 1847 and 1848 was 予定 more to the 開発 of an 輸出（する） 貿易（する） than to any 有益な 影響 of the land 規則s.
(*Footnote. Earl Grey to Sir Charles Fitzroy 11 August 1848 in Perth Gazette 25 May 1849.)
In 新規加入 to the question of sale there was also that of leaseholds, an important 事柄 in a country which looked to squatting as one of its 主要な支えs. During 知事 Hutt's 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語, 規則s for the 処分 of 栄冠を与える lands had been passed which 許すd purchasers of sections of 160 acres the 権利 of pasturage over 隣接する 栄冠を与える lands.* This was considered a step in the 権利 direction, and the people were much disappointed when the 規則s were disallowed by the 植民地の Office.** In 1848 two circular 派遣（する）s were sent to all the Australian 植民地s by Earl Grey,*** 示唆するing a new 始める，決める of land 規則s to 取引，協定 主として with the question of 賃貸し（する）ing the waste lands of the 栄冠を与える. To carry this suggestion into 影響 so far as Western Australia was 関心d, the 法律を制定する 会議 任命するd a 委員会 to draw up 規則s for consideration. This 委員会, all of whose members were large landowners, advised**** that the 栄冠を与える lands of the 植民地 should be divided into two classes, A and B; that within class A should be 含むd all lands within three miles of a town-場所／位置 or of land already 認めるd in 料金 simple; all land within two miles of the seacoast; all within two miles of either bank of the 指名するd rivers or 永久の streams; and all within ten miles of the 首脳会議 of Wizard's 頂点（に達する）, of the junction of the Fitzgerald and Elwes Rivers, of the 首脳会議 of East 開始する Barren, and of such other places as the 知事 might 布告する. Class B was to 構成する all other lands open for 場所. In class A only 年一回の 賃貸し（する）s for pastoral 目的s could be 認めるd; in class B 賃貸し（する）s could be given for any 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 not 越えるing eight years. Allotments of not more than 320 acres of A land could also be 安全な・保証するd on 賃貸し（する） for a 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 up to eight years for cultivation and tillage, and 支えるもの／所有者s of 賃貸し（する）s of B land could cultivate any 部分 of it. These 提案s, it may be seen, 事実上 禁じるd squatting within reasonable distance of good water or 永久の 解決／入植地. It was felt that they were でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd ent irely from the point of 見解（をとる） of the large landowner, a feeling that was 強化するd by the fact that the 委員会 の中で them held nearly one-half of the 疎遠にするd land of the 植民地. 所有するing no 代表 in the 会議, the only means the 植民／開拓者s had of 発言する／表明するing their 反対s were by public 会合s and 記念のs. A public 会合 was therefore held on 18 July 1849, at which a 決意／決議 was 全員一致で passed:
"That in the opinion of the 会合 the 規則s でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd by the 委員会 for the 占領／職業 of waste 栄冠を与える lands are unsound in 政策, 不正な in 原則, inapplicable to the wants of the 植民地, in 対立 to the wishes of the colonists, and if 可決する・採択するd will tend to 失望させる the introduction of 移民，移住（する）s, the 増加する of 歳入, the 生産／産物 of wool, and 原因（となる） a 漸進的な depopulation of the 解決／入植地.*****
(*Footnote. Copy of 規則s in Western Australian 政府 Gazette 18 June 1841.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 22 July 1842.)
(***Footnote. Earl Grey to Sir Charles Fitzroy 29 November 1846 and 30 March 1847 in Perth Gazette 4, 11 and 18 November 1848.)
(****Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of 委員会 in Perth Gazette 22 June 1849.)
(*****Footnote. Perth Gazette 20 July 1849.)
The 会合 then 認可するd an 修正するd 始める，決める of 規則s, and 結論するd by agreeing that a 記念の should be 今後d to the 国務長官 知らせるing him that the colonists had no 信用／信任 in 確かな members of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議, and, その上の, that the 知事 be asked to 許す the colonists, in 事例／患者 of a vacancy in the 法律を制定する 会議, to select a member from the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） 認可するd by the Home 当局. As, however, the 知事 decided to 修正する the most objectionable 条項s of the 委員会's 提案するd 規則s, no その上の 活動／戦闘 was taken.* It may be について言及するd that Irwin was the chairman of the 委員会, which doubtless in 広大な／多数の／重要な 手段 誘発するd these last 決意／決議s. In fact, throughout the whole discussion this point was 強調d, and there is just the 可能性 that it 影響（力）d the 会合 more than any 限定された 反対 to the 提案するd 規則s.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 9 October 1849 Perth Gazette 12 October 1849.)
In spite of the political troubles and 財政上の difficulties, the 植民地's 事件／事情／状勢s showed a 際立った 上向き 傾向 by the end of the period 1843 to 1849. A 国勢（人口）調査 taken in October 1848* showed that the 全住民 of the 植民地 was 4622--made up of 2818 males and 1804 女性（の）s, while of the total number 2900 were adults. The 在庫／株 numbered 141,123 sheep, 2095 horses, 10,919 cattle, 1431 goats, and 2287 swine. The cultivated area 構成するd 3317 acres under wheat, 672 under barley, 134 oats, 100 rye, 39 maize, and 120 potatoes. Vineyards and fruit orchards were 代表するd by 114 acres, kitchen gardens by 244, and green 刈るs by 2321. Mail communication had been 改善するd, and by the end of 1848 a 月毎の service between Fremantle and London 経由で Singapore had been 就任するd. 橋（渡しをする）s had been built, main roads 削減（する）, and 陸路の traffic 設立するd between Perth and Albany. 教育の 施設s, certainly only of a very 最初の／主要な character, had been afforded to most of the settled 郡区s, and places of worship for the 主要な／長／主犯 sects 築くd in Perth. The greatest event in 宗教的な circles was perhaps the 設立 of the Roman カトリック教徒 Church. The 当局 in Sydney had been requested in 1842 to send someone to 大臣 to the needs of members of that communion, and in the に引き続いて year the Reverend John Brady, together with an assistant priest and a catechist, was 詳細（に述べる）d for the work. Almost from the first they were 感染させるd with the 願望（する） to carry on 広範囲にわたる 使節団 work の中で the natives, and when Father Brady visited Rome in 1844 he 示唆するd that Dr. Ullathorne should be 任命するd Bishop of Perth, and that two 使節団s should be 設立するd for the aborigines. Dr. Ullathorne 拒絶する／低下するd the 任命 when 申し込む／申し出d, and father Brady was consecrated bishop at Rome in 1845. Having collected a staff of priests and helpers, he arrived in Western Australia with his party in January 1846. The Bishop remained in Perth and the others were sent out into the wilderness to form 使節団s to the north, sout h, and east of the 資本／首都. The first two, for さまざまな 推論する／理由s over which the 充てるd 禁止（する）d had no 支配（する）／統制する, 証明するd 完全に 不成功の, and those priests who 生き残るd the 試みる／企てるs made their way to India and the Mauritius. Of all who had come out with Bishop Brady only two remained, two whose 指名するs are 削減（する） 深く，強烈に in the history of the Roman カトリック教徒 Church in Western Australia, Guiseppe Serra and Rosendo Salvado. After a 勇敢に立ち向かう struggle they 設立するd a 使節団 for the aborigines at New Norcia, in the Victoria 地区, and laid the 創立／基礎s of perhaps the most successful native 使節団 in Australia.**
(*Footnote. Western Australian Almanac 1849 Perth pages 41 and 46 to 47.)
(**Footnote. Moran, 枢機けい／主要な. History of the カトリック教徒 Church in Australasia Sydney 容積／容量 2 pages 555 et seq; Birt, H.N. Benedictine 開拓するs in Australia London 1911 容積／容量 2 pages 468 et seq.)
There remains one 段階 of the history of this period which has to be dealt with--the agitation for the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働. It will be remembered that at the 設立 of the 植民地 one of the 条件s of its 創立／基礎 was that it was not to を煩う the taint of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system. This was no 疑問 an important factor in inducing many of the 早期に 植民／開拓者s to make the Swan River 植民地 their home, and to their credit it must be said that they struggled with their difficulties and privations long years after they might have been forgiven for abandoning their 原則s in favour of the 救済 that the introduction of 軍隊d 労働 would undoubtedly have afforded. From time to time suggestions of the 利益s to be derived from the presence of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were thrown out and 厳しく 撃退するd. It was only when, by the 停止 of 移民／移住,* the 供給（する） of 適する 労働 （機の）カム 事実上 to an end, that transportation was considered as a way out of their difficulties. Without 労働--解放する／自由な or 軍隊d--開発 was almost impossible. The colonists had 証明するd that in the 先行する years. 開発 was the 基本方針 of 繁栄, and 増加するd 全住民 necessary to 供給する a market for their 農業の produce. With all its drawbacks, transportation had 供給するd the means for that 開発 and that market for produce in the Eastern 明言する／公表するs of Australia, and therefore, when all other means were exhausted, the colonists of Western Australia were compelled to take the question into consideration. That they did not do so at all readily there is ample 証拠. The daring spirits who, at King George's Sound in the 早期に thirties, memorialised the Home 政府 to send out 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were regarded by the 残り／休憩（する） of the community almost as pariahs. The same strong feeling of aversion toward the very idea remained until the acuteness of 不景気 in 1843 and 1844 軍隊d the colonists to 再考する their position.
(*Footnote. In 1845 出発s by sea 越えるd arrivals by 129. See 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
At a general 会合 of the York 農業の Society held in April 1844,* a 動議 was brought 今後 明言する／公表するing:
"That it is the opinion of this 会合 that, inasmuch as the 現在の land 規則s have 完全に destroyed our 労働 基金, we conceive that the Home 政府 are bound in 司法（官） to 供給（する） us with some 肉親，親類d of 労働, and after 円熟した 審議s we have come to the 決意 of 嘆願（書）ing the 国務長官 for the 植民地s for a ギャング（団） of forty 罪人／有罪を宣告するs to be 排他的に 雇うd in public 作品."
(*Footnote. Inquirer 17 April 1844.)
The 動議 was not put. In its place a 決意／決議 was passed 任命するing a 委員会 to 問い合わせ into the 事柄. This 委員会 a few days later interviewed 知事 Hutt upon the question, but received no 激励. He 知らせるd them that he had already 演説（する）／住所d the 国務長官 upon the 支配する of 労働, and as the point was 占領するing the attention of the Home 政府 he had no 疑問 that some 計画／陰謀 would be 発展させるd in which Western Australia would 参加する.* In spite of this rebuff a 嘆願（書） was 用意が出来ている for 署名, but it lapsed from want of support. The York agriculturalists, however, 達成するd something. They had directed the attention of the 植民／開拓者s toward the 輸入 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs as a way out of their difficulties, and from that time, though strenuous 対立 continued to be manifested, the 支持するs of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働 刻々と 伸び（る）d ground. The newspapers, 反映するing in this 事例／患者 general public opinion, argued against 罪人／有罪を宣告するs** on the grounds of expense and undesirability, and showed that the experiences of the other 植民地s せねばならない banish any suggestion in favour of the idea from the minds of Western Australian colonists.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 24 April 1844.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 19 and 26 July 1845; Inquirer 16 and 23 July 1845.)
対立 to the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs was その上の 強化するd by a notice that appeared in the Hobart Town Gazette in January 1845,* 明言する／公表するing that Her Majesty had been pleased to 延長する 容赦s to 罪人／有罪を宣告するs in 先頭 Diemen's Land, 条件付きの upon the 受取人s remaining in one or other of the Australian 植民地s. The 恐れる that some of these people might 直す／買収する，八百長をする upon Western Australia as their homes resulted in a public 会合 存在 held at Perth in April,** when it was decided to 今後 a 記念の to the 国務長官 asking that 非，不，無 of these 容赦d 罪人／有罪を宣告するs be 許すd to come to the 植民地. When the 植民地 was 設立するd, the 記念の 宣言するd, "a solemn and 際立った 誓約（する） was given by Her Majesty's 政府 that it should not be made a 受取人 for 罪人／有罪を宣告するs; a 誓約（する） which (should this 植民地 be left open to the 半分-容赦d 罪人／有罪を宣告するs of 先頭 Diemen's Land) would be 完全に 没収されるd, while the colonists themselves would be 減ずるd to a much worse position than those in 解決／入植地s avowedly penal, where at least some 保護 is afforded to the 井戸／弁護士席-性質の／したい気がして by the 抑制s put upon the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs by the 法律s, by the presence of a large 軍の 軍隊, and by the active exertions of a 非常に／多数の police."*** Why the colonists 恐れるd that 罪人／有罪を宣告するs would be attracted to a country which had failed to attract 解放する／自由な 労働 was not explained. The 記念の was 今後d in 予定 course**** and 拒絶するd, the Home 政府 主張するing that if 確かな 罪人／有罪を宣告するs had since 有罪の判決 led blameless lives, there was no just 推論する／理由 for 辞退するing to 許す them to 捜し出す the means of 持続するing themselves in other 植民地s besides 先頭 Diemen's Land.
(*Footnote. Hobart Town Gazette 1845 page 16.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 23 April 1845; Perth Gazette 19 April 1845. The さまざまな 記念のs and 決意／決議s from Western Australia regarding 罪人／有罪を宣告するs will be 設立する in House of ありふれたs Papers Number 262 pages 34 to 45 1851.)
(***Footnote. Hutt to Lord Stanley 28 April 1845.)
(****Footnote. W.E. Gladstone to Clarke 1 January 1846.)
一方／合間, the 支持するs for 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were endeavouring to 伸び（る） public support. Two 記念のs, both abortive, had been submitted to the people, and a third was in course of 循環／発行部数 for 署名s. In July a long letter on the 支配する was published in the Inquirer,* 観察するing that 借りがあるing to the absence of 労働 sixteen years of endeavour had brought but little 繁栄 to the 植民地, and that there was little hope of any 広大な／多数の／重要な 改良 under 現在の 条件s. The question of introducing 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, it was argued, was not a 事柄 of 原則 but of 政策, and the 支持者s of the system favoured it, not through any 賞賛, but 簡単に as a 事柄 of expediency. There is no 疑問 that public opinion, slowly but surely, was beginning to move along these lines, and the 公式の／役人 mind was 本気で perturbed. On 24 July the 事柄 was raised in the 法律を制定する 会議, and by a 全員一致の 投票（する） it was 宣言するd "that the necessity for such an 使用／適用 (i.e. for the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs) is not 明らかな. No dearth of 労働 can be so extreme as to call for, or to 令状 our having 頼みの綱 to, such a 危険な 実験 for a 供給（する）."** The moral 面s of the question were also 堅固に commented upon, and altogether it is evident that at that date there was no 意向 whatever on the part of the 地元の 政府 to 支持する such a step.
(*Footnote. 23 July 1845.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 23 July 1845 Perth Gazette 26 July; Inquirer 30 July 1845.)
Beyond 時折の 言及／関連s no その上の attention was given to the 事柄 公然と during 1845 or 1846, but in January of the latter year W.S. Stockley, Western Australian 経営者／支配人 for Frederick Mangles & Co., 今後d to the 国務長官, through the 知事, a long 嘆願（書） 勧めるing the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働 into Western Australia.* The 記念の, however, which had been 用意が出来ている was slowly making its way の中で the colonists and attracting the 署名s of many who as a 事柄 of 原則 were scarcely in favour of it, but as a 事柄 of expediency saw no better way out of their difficulties. The 条件 of the 記念の,** drawn up in the 指名するs of the "landowners, merchants, and inhabitants of Western Australia," 始める，決める 前へ／外へ that 資本主義者s were 初めは attracted to the 植民地 on 確かな 条件s which seemed to be advantageous; that through "mismanagement, inexperience, and ignorance of the seasons 広大な／多数の／重要な numbers of the 早期に 植民／開拓者s lost or expended the greater part of their 資本／首都" before they derived any result from it, but that after struggling for many years with almost incredible difficulties they began to hope for a general rise in values 借りがあるing to a 刻々と-増加するing stream of 移民，移住（する）s. This hope, however, 消えるd when in 1841 Her Majesty's 政府 saw fit to raise the 最小限 price of 栄冠を与える lands to 1 続けざまに猛撃する per acre, thus 原因（となる）ing a 停止 of sales and a consequent diminution in the 基金 derived therefrom, which had been used for the 目的 of encouraging the introduction of 労働. 移民／移住 その結果 中止するd, and 労働 became unprocurable. A 不景気 occurred, bringing with it the 移住 of many to the other Australian 植民地s. Land and other 所有物／資産／財産 lost its marketable value, and there was no probability, under 存在するing circumstances, of 労働 or 資本／首都 存在 attracted in the 未来. In 見解（をとる） of this 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s (which was, it may be 発言／述べるd, かなり 誇張するd) the memorialists asked that "the importance of this 植民地 to the British Empire" should be considered, as from its geographical position and 広大な／多数の／重要な natural 資源s it せねばならない become a powerful and 繁栄する 解決／入植地. "Unless," said the 嘆願（書）, "Her Majesty's 政府 will 減ずる the price of land to its 初めの 基準 and 再開する the 原則 upon which this 植民地 was 設立するd, and 行為／法令／行動する upon that 原則 judiciously, and not lavishly as was 以前は the 事例／患者, or will 工夫する some other expedient that shall 原因（となる） the reintroduction of 資本／首都 and 労働, your memorialists conceive that this 植民地 must become 絶対 useless to the British 栄冠を与える, an encumbrance upon the Empire, and ruinous to those individuals who have been led to 乗る，着手する in it the whole of their fortunes." If it was not possible to accede to any of these suggestions then the hope was 表明するd that the Home 当局 would "変える the 植民地 into a penal 解決／入植地 on an 広範囲にわたる 規模." As a 推論する／理由 for 罪人／有罪を宣告するs it was pointed out that good roads through the settled 地区s were necessary but expensive, only perhaps "to be 遂行するd by 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働"; that 橋（渡しをする）s, wharves, lighthouses, and other public 作品 could be 建設するd only by such means; and that the 増加するd 全住民 under the 計画／陰謀 would 供給する the market so necessary for 農業の 製品s.
(*Footnote. Enclosed in Hutt to Lord Stanley 26 January 1846.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 2 January 1847. The 記念の was 今後d by 知事 Clarke to Lord Stanley in a 派遣（する） 時代遅れの 2 January 1847. The 知事 表明するd the opinion that the 広大な／多数の／重要な 大多数 of the colonists were …に反対するd to the request.)
By the beginning of 1847 the 進歩 of this 記念の had changed the idea of transportation from a 単に abstract theory to a very practical means of 救済. The 利益s to be derived from 軍隊d 労働 seemed to be many; that it would relieve the 存在するing 不景気 and bring a return to 繁栄 was in the opinion of many of the 植民／開拓者s a certainty. It is to be 恐れるd that these facts were felt to be more important than that lowering of the moral トン of the community which would やむを得ず result from the 設立 of a penal 解決／入植地. Even the newspapers, which up to that time had 勧めるd the moral disadvantages, changed their トン and 支持するd the 利益s that would accrue from cheap 労働 and a 進歩／革新的な public 作品 政策, though they salved their 良心s by 示唆するing that the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs should be 限定するd in hulks, not 許すd to mix with the 解放する／自由な people, and returned to England when their services were no longer 要求するd.* The change of opinion may have been 予定 in part to the growing belief that the Home 政府 would accede to the 祈り of the 記念の not so much out of consideration for the 植民地, as because, other penal 解決／入植地s 存在 の近くにd, 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain 要求するd some fresh 出口 for her 罪人／有罪を宣告するs.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 17 April 1847; Inquirer 28 April 1847.)
Notwithstanding this change of 前線 on the part of the colonists, the 事実上の／代理 知事 remained 確固たる in his 激しい非難 of the idea. At the 開始 of the 法律を制定する 会議 in June 1847,* he 熱心に …に反対するd the agitation, and regretted that "the dearth of 労働 or the 願望（する） to 蓄積する wealth on the part of a 部分 of the community" had 原因（となる）d the suggestion to be entertained. In support of his 態度 he referred to a 報告（する）／憶測 of a 委員会 of the 法律を制定する 会議 of New South むちの跡s, 時代遅れの 1846, which unequivocally 主張するd that a discontinuance of transportation would be in the 利益／興味s of Australia and the Australians. He 結論するd by 説: "With the experience of other 植民地s before us, which we now 証言，証人／目撃する struggling to 解放する／自由な themselves from this system as from a pestilence, I would 堅固に 勧める all who are favourable to the 手段 to consider whether the 傷害 likely to be entailed on the community, and 特に on their own families, may not 納得させる them, when too late, that they have 得るd their 反対する at a dreadful sacrifice."
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 3 June 1847 Perth Gazette 5 June 1847.)
After this the question appears to have again languished until the latter half of 1848. 知事 Fitzgerald, in pursuance of suggestions made to him by the 国務長官 before leaving England, made 調査s as to whether the colonists would be 用意が出来ている to receive 罪人／有罪を宣告するs from Pentonville--a 刑務所，拘置所 for persons 罪人／有罪を宣告するd of trivial offences--who should be …を伴ってd by their wives and families. The cost of sending them out might be 回復するd from their 給料 and used as a 基金 to introduce 解放する／自由な labourers. The 罪人／有罪を宣告するs would, of course, be 容赦d on their arrival and so enter the 植民地 as 解放する／自由な men. The 国務長官 also put the idea before several persons in London who were 利益／興味d in Western Australia. These were agreed as to the advisability, and one of them, Louis Samson, wrote to the 植民地 asking for an 表現 of opinion.* The replies to 知事 Fitzgerald's 調査s were not 特に encouraging, but he felt himself 正当化するd in asking for 100 ticket-of-leave men,** whom he thought would be of more value and bring いっそう少なく 危険 to the community than the lads from the Parkhurst 少年院, of whom 131 had been sent out between 1843 and 1848. These 調査s of the 知事 and Samson's letter appear to have given fresh impetus to the 罪人／有罪を宣告する agitation. In December several gentlemen 利益／興味d in the 植民地 held a 会合 in Adelaide*** and agreed to 嘆願（書） the Home 当局 for the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs to Western Australia as the only means of 打ち勝つing the difficulties that 存在するd. This was followed by a public 会合--the first definitely called for the 目的--which was held in Perth on 23 February 1849.**** That 会合 見解（をとる）d with alarm the depressed 明言する／公表する of the 植民地, resulting in a "安定した and constant 移住 of 労働," and felt that the only 治療（薬） that could be 効果的な must be one that would bring about a fresh 供給（する） of 資本／首都 and 労働. It …に反対するd the 提案 to introduce ticket-of-leave men from Pentonville as 存在 calculated to make 事柄s worse instead of better, and やめる unsuited to the wants of the 植民／開拓者s, おもに because such a step would （打撃，刑罰などを）与える upon the 植民地 all the evils of a penal 解決／入植地, without giving any 増加するd 保護 or 支出 of 皇室の 基金s. It felt that 罪人／有罪を宣告するs could be usefully 雇うd in carrying out necessary public 作品 and in developing the mineral, 木材／素質, and other natural 資源s that 存在するd, and finally decided: "That 使用／適用 shall at once be made to Her Majesty's 政府 to 築く this 植民地 into a 正規の／正選手 penal 解決／入植地, with the necessary 政府 設立 and 支出, the whole cost of the 伝達／伝染, 維持／整備, and 監督 of all such 罪人／有罪を宣告するs as may be 輸送（する）d hither 存在 borne, of course, by the Home 政府."*****
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 16 December 1848.)
(**Footnote. Fitzgerald to Earl Grey 24 October 1848.)
(***Footnote. Inquirer 24 January 1849. This 会合 was held at the Bank of Australasia, Adelaide, on 23 December 1848, those 現在の 存在 former 居住（者）s of Western Australia, and still large landowners, as W.J. Stockley, M. McDermott and others.)
(****Footnote. Perth Gazette 24 February 1849.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid.)
The 決意／決議s were laid before the 知事, with a request that he would 今後 them to the 国務長官. In doing so he 強調d the depressed 条件 of the 植民地 and 保証するd Earl Grey that, did any other source of 救済 現在の itself, the 植民／開拓者s of Western Australia would be the last to wish for a penal 解決／入植地. In 結論するing he 発言／述べるd:
"I am far from recommending Your Lordship to 可決する・採択する this proposition, as few, I think, would from choice select a 罪人／有罪を宣告する 解決／入植地 as a 住居 for themselves and families; but in the 現在の 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s here I must say that if Her Majesty's 政府 wish to 設立する another penal 解決／入植地 in Australia the 大多数 of the inhabitants would 喜んで learn that Western Australia was chosen as the 場所／位置."*
(*Footnote. Fitzgerald to Earl Grey 3 March 1849.)
In June 1849 a 派遣（する） on the 支配する of 罪人／有罪を宣告する discipline was received from Earl Grey.* The 国務長官 was an earnest 支持する of transportation, and had 発展させるd 確かな 計画／陰謀s which he was anxious to see in 操作／手術. In this 派遣（する） he pointed out that the system of making 罪人／有罪を宣告するs を受ける a period of separate 監禁，拘置 in England, Bermuda, or Gibraltar before 存在 sent out to the 植民地s had been 設立する to be 有益な, and that such of these men as had afterwards been 輸送（する）d to Port Phillip as ticket-of-leave "追放するs" had 証明するd 満足な. 確かな 警戒s, such as 制限するing them to particular 地区s and 施行するing the return of their passage moneys, were to be 観察するd, but さもなければ they would be given freedom. "Such," Earl Grey continued, "存在 the system under which it is 提案するd hereafter to proceed, I think it 権利 to point out to you that if the inhabitants of Western Australia should be willing to receive men with tickets-of-leave they will 得る the advantage of a 供給（する） of 労働, together with a probable 新規加入 to the 基金s applicable to general 移住, or some other public 反対する of importance, while by the 力／強力にする which is to be reserved of 分散させるing those men in different 地区s, together with the 少年院 nature of their previous 罰, there is 推論する／理由 to hope that their presence in 穏健な numbers will not be 設立する injurious to the general character of the community." He then 結論するs by pointing out that as the colonists were clamouring for an 適する 供給（する） of 労働 they might be 用意が出来ている to receive men on the 条件 提案するd. He would be glad to learn whether such would be the 事例／患者.
(*Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 5 August 1848.)
The 知事's reply to the suggestion to send out Pentonville 囚人s,* which reached England in February 1849, was 十分な to show that this last 提案 would 会合，会う the wishes of the 植民／開拓者s, and that 見解（をとる） was 強化するd by the 報告（する）／憶測 of the public 会合 of February, which reached Earl Grey in July. ーするために carry the 提案 into 影響 確かな 合法的な 形式順守s had to be 従うd with, and therefore on 1 May 1849 an Order in 会議 was passed 指名するing Western Australia as a place to which 罪人／有罪を宣告するs could be sent from the 部隊d Kingdom. This order was published in the 植民地 in November,** and seems to have somewhat 乱すd the inhabitants, who after years of discussion over the 事柄 suddenly 設立する that at one 一打／打撃 Western Australia had lost its 誇るd preeminence as a 解放する／自由な 植民地 and had become a penal 解決／入植地. The 対抗者s of the 手段 were indignant; in the step they recognised one more iniquity heaped upon them by the 植民地の Office. The Perth Gazette*** lamented the 見込みのある "汚染 and infamy" inseparable from a penal 解決／入植地. The Home 政府 was 非難するd for taking advantage of the 適切な時期 by the 知事's innocent request for 100 Pentonville 囚人s to saddle the 植民地 with all the horrors of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system. However, when the 植民地 回復するd from the shock it was recognised that the advantages were many and that the dangers to be apprehended were slight. Convictism of 1850 異なるd 大いに from the 修正するd slavery of New South むちの跡s and 先頭 Diemen's Land of the 早期に years of the century, and though the very fact of its introduction into a 解放する／自由な 植民地 is to be regretted, there is little 疑問 that some 革新 of the 肉親，親類d was necessary to the 開発 of the country. Materially the 植民地 利益d かなり by the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, and any lowering of the トン of the community brought about by their presence was but 一時的な.
(*Footnote. See 賭け金.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 6 November 1849.)
(***Footnote. 9 November 1849.)
The 法律を制定する 会議 was 召喚するd for 20 December 1849, まず第一に／本来 to consider the altered 条件 of the 植民地, and to make the necessary 手はず／準備 for the proper 支配（する）／統制する of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. An 法令／条例 was passed 供給するing for 逮捕（する） without 令状, 要約 有罪の判決, 雇用 on public 作品, 制限 when on ticket-of-leave, and 罰.* 早期に in the に引き続いて year a その上の 派遣（する） was received from the 国務長官,** 含む／封じ込めるing （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that the Home 政府 ーするつもりであるd to send out 解放する／自由な persons equal in number to the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. This, and the prospect of many necessary public 作品 存在 at last undertaken, led the colonists to 収容する／認める that at any 率 transportation 申し込む／申し出d "a gleam of hope--just 十分な to drag us on in 哀れな 不確定." The actual 条件s under which the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs would be 雇うd were 明言する／公表するd by Under 長官 Hawes.*** They were to be at first 完全に under the 支配（する）／統制する of the 政府 for 雇用 on public 作品--roads, harbours, buildings, and 木材／素質 cutting.**** When they were 始める，決める 解放する／自由な from such 労働, on account of good behaviour, their services would be 利用できる for colonists. The whole expense of the system would be defrayed by the Home 政府, and a その上の sum would be 始める，決める aside 毎年 for 促進するing 解放する／自由な 移住.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 20 December 1849 Perth Gazette 21 December 1849.)
(**Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 12 July 1849 received 5 March 1850.)
(***Footnote. Under 長官 Hawes to 経営者／支配人 of Colonisation 保証／確信 Co. 20 December 1849 in Perth Gazette 7 June 1850.)
(****Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 5 January 1850.)
Thus, twenty years after its 創立／基礎 as a 解放する／自由な 植民地, from which 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were by the 条件s of 設立 debarred, Western Australia entered upon a new 段階 of its 存在, and became one of penal 解決／入植地s of the British 政府.*
(*Footnote. A short description of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system as carried out in Western Australia will be 設立する in 虫垂 3.)
GOVERNMENT.
LAND LAWS.
FINANCIAL CONDITIONS.
INDUSTRIES.
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT.
The Home 当局 lost no time in giving 影響 to the 決定／判定勝ち（する） to 設立する a penal 解決／入植地 in Western Australia. Captain E.Y.W. Henderson was 任命するd Comptroller-General of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立 with Mr. T.H. Dixon as 長，指導者 overseer and Mr. J. Manning as clerk of 作品.* 囚人s of 模範的な 行為／行う were selected from Portland and a ship equipped as a 輸送（する）. This 大型船, the barque Scindian, arrived at Fremantle on 1 June 1850, and thus the 植民地 celebrated its twenty-first birthday by assuming the character of an actual penal 解決／入植地. On the Scindian, under the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of Dr. Gibson, R.N., as 外科医 Superintendent, were seventy-five 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, fifty pensioners (sent out as a guard) forty-two women, seventy-eight children, and fourteen 移民，移住（する） girls.** Though the arrival of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs was 推定する／予想するd, it was not 心配するd that they would arrive so soon after the Order in 会議 had been made public. The colonists were rather thrown into びっくり仰天 when they saw the first actual 証拠 of the result of their agitation, and the 地元の 政府 設立する itself 全く unprepared to 会合，会う the 状況／情勢. The old Fremantle 刑務所，拘置所 at Arthur's 長，率いる was much too small to 融通する so large a number of inmates, even if no others had been 推定する／予想するd. To get over the difficulty 前提s were rented from Captain Scott,*** and there the first 草案s of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were housed until such time as they had, by their own 労働, built the large Fremantle 刑務所，拘置所 for their own 保管 and the 保管 of thousands of others who were to follow them. The stringent 対策 可決する・採択するd for 確実にするing the 安全 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs in their 一時的な ４半期/4分の1s and the sense of safety that the inhabitants of Fremantle must have felt at the presence of this （人が）群がる of malefactors may be 計器d from the fact that in October four of the 囚人s 静かに walked away from the 刑務所，拘置所 and got drunk! When 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d with the offence it was 明言する／公表するd in 証拠 that they were able to leave the 倉庫・駅 at any hour they pleased, in any dress they liked, and go wherever fancy led them.**** This little 出来事/事件 原因（となる）d やめる a 脅す の中で the inhabitants of Fremantle.
(*Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 24 January 1850.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 7 June 1850.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
(****Footnote. Perth Gazette 25 October 1850.)
The pensioners who had come out with the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were not 保持するd as a 永久の guard over them. In most 事例／患者s they were …を伴ってd by their families, and sought a 暮らし の中で the 植民／開拓者s, 存在 liable to （判決などを）下す 援助 only in the 事例／患者 of any 突発／発生 の中で the 囚人s. Every 激励 was given to induce them to become 永久の 植民／開拓者s. To each of them was 申し込む／申し出d an allotment of ten acres, to be selected by themselves, to be held on 賃貸し（する） for seven years, after which they were to receive the freehold. To enable them to make a start a gratuity of 10 続けざまに猛撃するs was bestowed upon each one, and they were 約束d the 援助 of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働 in （疑いを）晴らすing the ground.* 事実上 the whole of them took advantage of the 申し込む／申し出, as many pensioner 封鎖するs still held by their 子孫s 証言する.
(*Footnote. Ibid 5 July 1850; Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 2 March 1850.)
The actual 設立 of the system and the arrival of the first （製品，工事材料の）一回分 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs was the 原因（となる） of much rejoicing on the part of the colonists. On 10 July a public 会合 was held at Perth* at which 決意／決議s were passed 表明するing thanks to Lord Grey for the promptness he had shown in acceding to the request of the 植民／開拓者s, and asking that 罪人／有罪を宣告するs be sent in large numbers, as "unless the permanency 同様に as the magnitude, of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立 be 安全な・保証するd" only 失望 and 苦しめる could を待つ the greater part of the new arrivals. Later in the year 類似の 表現s of 感謝 were 今後d from York, Northam, Toodyay, and Wellington 地区s. In a numerously-調印するd 記念の from the country centres, 具体的に表現するing these opinions, it was 明言する／公表するd that the memorialists "consider the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs on a large 規模 the only means of placing the 植民地 in a 繁栄する 条件."** When all the other 植民地s were strenuously 反対するing to 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, how the Home 政府 must have chuckled to find one not only willing but anxious to receive them, and, like Oliver 新たな展開, keep on asking for more. Even the Perth Gazette, after two years' 敵意 to the idea, 定評のある that much 構成要素 繁栄 was likely to result, though at the same time it 静かなd its 良心 by averring that the mere introduction of 軍隊d 労働 did not 構成する Western Australia a penal 解決／入植地.***
(*Footnote. Ibid 12 July 1850.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 5 July 1850; House of ありふれたs Papers 1851 Number 262 page 43.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 7 June 1850.)
One of the earliest and, from the point of 見解（をとる） of the 植民／開拓者s, one of the most 満足な features of the new 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s was a 再開 of the stream of 移民／移住. For years 以前 there had 事実上 been no 伸び（る） to the 植民地 by this means. When therefore the Scindian landed 188 解放する／自由な persons in 新規加入 to 75 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, and the Sophia followed a couple of months later with over 200, the inhabitants of the 植民地 were 納得させるd that the step they had taken was in their best 利益／興味s.* Only one other 大型船, the Hashemy, arrived with 罪人／有罪を宣告するs during 1850. This was the ship which earned a good 取引，協定 of notoriety on account of the fact that she carried the last 草案 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs sent to New South むちの跡s--the 草案 whose 上陸 was at first 堅固に …に反対するd by the colonists there.
(*Footnote. Ibid 2 August 1850.)
By the end of the year the 利益s--and in some ways the evil results--of a penal 設立 began to be distinctly manifest. In 新規加入 to the large 永久の 刑務所，拘置所, there were さまざまな other public 作品 under construction; 倉庫・駅s for 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were 存在 設立するd in さまざまな centres; and parties for the 目的 of making roads of communication between the towns were 存在 organised. The 増加する in the number of people and the large 量 of money 分配するd by the penal department 供給するd both the market for 地元の produce and the means to 支払う／賃金 for it, so that by the beginning of 1851 the whole 植民地 seemed to have been 誘発するd from its 明言する／公表する of lethargy and gave every 約束 of 早い 進歩. The cost of 持続するing the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs was, of course, borne by the Home 政府; any large 支出 in that direction was therefore 見解（をとる）d by the 植民／開拓者s with a 確かな degree of satisfaction. Not so, however, by the 皇室の 当局. Nearly every 派遣（する） 勧めるd strict economy on the Comptroller-General, and in April 1851,* the 財政上の 事件／事情／状勢s of the 設立 were placed in the 手渡すs of a board consisting of the 植民地の 長官, the Comptroller-General, and the Assistant Commissary-General, with strict （裁判所の）禁止（強制）命令s to 妨げる anything in the way of extravagance.** One of the first questions this board had to consider was the 割合 of the salaries of 治安判事s, police, and other officers necessary for the public 保護 that should be borne by the British 政府. The advent of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs had やむを得ず 増加するd the number of these officers, and it was felt that the whole 重荷（を負わせる） of their cost ought not to 落ちる on the 地元の 政府. It was 最終的に arranged that the Home 政府 should 支払う／賃金 two-thirds of the police 支出, and make 確かな 認めるs to the 治安判事s and other 公式の／役人s.*** While on the question of 保護 it may also be 公式文書，認めるd that at first there was no 準備／条項 for a 永久の 軍の guard over the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. The pensioners who 行為／法令／行動するd in that capacity on the voyage out became 植民／開拓者s or servants on arrival, and had no その上の 義務／負債 except that they were 推定する／予想するd to 持つ／拘留する themselves 利用できる in 事例／患者 of any 突発／発生 of a serious nature. This 極端に unsatisfactory 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s was the 支配する of earnest 代表 through the 知事, and resulted in the pensioners arriving on one 罪人／有罪を宣告する 輸送（する） 存在 engaged to continue in the capacity of guard until the arrival of a その上の detachment in the next 後継するing 罪人／有罪を宣告する 大型船.**** These pensioner guards were under the 命令（する） of Captain (afterwards 陸軍大佐) Bruce. At the end of 1851 the guard was その上の 強化するd by the arrival of a company of sixty-five sappers and 鉱夫s under the 命令（する） of two officers of the 王室の Engineers.*****
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 8 April 1851.)
(**Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 12 January 1851.)
(***Footnote. Duke of Newcastle to Fitzgerald 12 December 1853; 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 4 May 1854 Perth Gazette 5 May 1854.)
(****Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 20 December 1850.)
(*****Footnote. Perth Gazette 19 December 1851.)
The necessity for strict 支配（する）／統制する had become manifest 早期に in the year, when four men 後継するd in getting away from Fremantle in a whaleboat* and another party escaped from a road ギャング（団） working north of Perth.** The first were 逮捕（する）d at Shark Bay, and the second 事実上 gave themselves up, 納得させるd that Western Australia did not need 人工的な 障壁s to make it a 安全な place to keep 囚人s. On the whole, however, the 行為／行う of these 早期に 罪人／有罪を宣告するs was good, so much so that the newspapers directed attention to them as "instances from which our 解放する／自由な 植民／開拓者s might take example." As a result all the remaining 恐れる and 対立 on the part of the colonists 消えるd.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 22 January 1851.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 7 February 1851.)
During 1851 the Mermaid, Pyrenees, and Minden brought 803 罪人／有罪を宣告するs and 268 解放する／自由な persons, 含むing children, to the 植民地. Not many of these 解放する／自由な 移民，移住（する）s were 技術d labourers, その結果 the old cry of want of 労働 was again raised and （民事の）告訴s made that the English 政府 was not 実行するing its 約束s.* There does not seem to have been any 広大な／多数の／重要な need for these workmen at the time, and the only 推論する／理由 for the agitation that appears to have 存在するd was that the 願望（する） to agitate and complain about something had grown into a habit with the colonists. In any 事例／患者 the 非難する, if there were any, did not attach to the 公式の／役人s of the 植民地の Office, as the 知事 had advised them that there was difficulty in placing those 移民，移住（する）s who had arrived in the Sophia.** When Earl Grey was 知らせるd*** that mechanics were 要求するd, he lost no time in sending them out.
(*Footnote. Ibid 28 March 1851.)
(**Footnote. Fitzgerald to Earl Grey 29 July 1850.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 25 September 1850.)
One might have 推定する／予想するd that the introduction of a large 全住民, which would in all probability continue to grow, would have 刺激するd the 植民／開拓者s to larger 生産／産物 of foodstuffs. This does not seem to have been the 事例／患者. The Western Australian 農業者s seem to have preferred to get a high price for a 限られた／立憲的な 生産（高） rather than a reasonable price for a greater 量. They were very incensed when the 知事 intimated his 意向 to 輸入する flour from the eastern 植民地s, and held that 地元の 産業 should be encouraged, even though it cost 5 続けざまに猛撃するs a トン more for flour to do it. The 知事 referred the 事柄 to Earl Grey, who replied はっきりと that "罪人／有罪を宣告するs were not sent to Western Australia in order that growers might have an 適切な時期 of selling their produce at a price of 5 続けざまに猛撃するs a トン dearer than it could be procured without their 援助（する）."* During the years 1851 and 1852 it 証明するd impossible to 安全な・保証する 十分な wheat and flour 地元で at any price, その結果 輸入s from the eastern 植民地s were 絶対 necessary, and in the latter year wheat had even to be 輸入するd from 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain.
(*Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 30 June 1851.)
By the beginning of 1851 many of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs of 1850 had become する権利を与えるd to tickets-of-leave, and others were continually qualifying, so that the number 利用できる for 政府 作品 was not as large as the 植民／開拓者s could have wished. With them, however, the Comptroller-General entered upon the construction of さまざまな public 作品. 倉庫・駅s were 用意が出来ている at York, Toodyay, and Bunbury for the use of those 囚人s waiting to be 雇うd out as servants, and as ４半期/4分の1s for those still in confinement who were working in the neighbourhoods. Main lines of roads from each place toward the 資本／首都 were みなすd the most 緊急の 作品. The largest 団体／死体 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, of course, remained at Fremantle, both because the 設立 called for the erection of many public buildings and because better 支配（する）／統制する could be kept over the worst class of 違反者／犯罪者s. The 主要な／長／主犯 work on which they were engaged was the erection of the 刑務所，拘置所 itself. Some discussion took place over the 場所／位置 of this structure. It is said that Captain Henderson inclined to the idea that 開始する Eliza would be the most suitable 場所／位置, but that Western Australia was saved from what would have been an 行為／法令／行動する of desecration by the 対立 of the 知事,* who finally 納得させるd the Comptroller-General that Fremantle was the proper place for it. On 16 May 1851 the 場所／位置 was vested in trustees** and the work of 築くing the 刑務所，拘置所 開始するd. A good 取引，協定 of the work was done by the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, but 技術d mechanics had to be procured from South Australia to 補助装置. These public buildings and the making of さまざまな roads 占領するd the attention of those 罪人／有罪を宣告するs who remained at the 処分 of the 政府 up to the end of 1852. During the year 491 men were sent out, making a total since June 1850 of 1469, but of that number only 156 were 利用できる for 雇用 in Perth and Fremantle; 845 had already been 解放（する）d on ticket and were in 私的な service, and the 残りの人，物 were road-making. In pursuance of the 協定 on the part of the 皇室の 当局 to dispatc h 解放する／自由な 移民，移住（する）s to those 植民地s receiving 軍隊d 労働 381 persons of this class also arrived in Western Australia during 1852, so that the 植民地の （民事の）告訴 of the dearth of 十分な 労働 was more than met. In 新規加入, the English 政府*** agreed to send out, on 支払い（額） of half the cost of passage, the wives and families of those ticket-of-leave men who 願望（する）d to have them. There was no 広大な／多数の／重要な 苦悩 on the part of the men to take advantage of the 譲歩, and in the 事例／患者 of those who did ask, 拒絶 一般に （機の）カム from the wife. In 1851/2 the 植民地の Office 申し込む／申し出d to send out the wives and families of 60 men who had asked for them, but there was little or no 返答. Some could not be 設立する, others 辞退するd to 支払う／賃金 any part of the passage money, and a third section 拒絶する／低下するd to go under any 条件s.****
(*Footnote. Kimberley, W.B. History of Western Australia page 158. In 見解（をとる） of the に引き続いて 声明 in the Comptroller-General's 報告（する）／憶測 of 1 January 1851 this may be 疑問d: "The propriety of the 決意 arrived at in the first instance to 直す／買収する，八百長をする the 永久の 倉庫・駅 at Fremantle I see no 推論する／理由 to question." 植民地の 長官 Office 記録，記録的な／記録するs 1851.)
(**Footnote. 法令／条例 14 Victoria Number 22.)
(***Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 1 January 1851. The cost of passage was 直す／買収する，八百長をするd at 15 続けざまに猛撃するs.)
(****Footnote. Sir John Pakington to Fitzgerald 22 June 1852.)
The general 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s as far as the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were 関心d showed little alteration in 1853, except that 増加するd activity on the part of the English 刑務所，拘置所 当局 resulted in 1129 men 存在 sent out, of whom 301--sent out in the Robert Small--were Irish 囚人s,* a class 特に 反対するd to in the first 協定. The introduction of this large number made it possible to carry on the 政策 of 拡張 and 開発 more 速く. さまざまな buildings such as hospitals, lunatic 亡命, pensioners' 倉庫・駅, and others were 建設するd, and fair 進歩 made with the 橋（渡しをする）s 要求するd on the main trunk road between Perth and Albany. All these things meant 増加するd 慰安 and 施設s for the 植民／開拓者s, 同様に as a 大いに 改善するd 財政上の 見通し on account of the large 支出 of money, so that when in 1853 news was received that the English 政府 was considering the whole question of transportation,** with a 見解（をとる） to 激烈な alterations, the 植民／開拓者s were かなり perturbed, jumping at once to the 結論 that any alteration would mean discontinuance. 頼みの綱 was had to the usual method of 抗議する--public 会合 with a その後の 記念の---and the inhabitants of Perth, Fremantle, and York*** 堅固に …に反対するd the 停止 of transportation, 勧めるing from the 見地 of the 植民地 that 広大な／多数の／重要な 前進する had been made under the system, and from the 見地 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs that in the 大多数 of 事例／患者s they had been successful in their endeavours to become once more 尊敬（する）・点d members of society. Some 救済 was felt when すぐに afterwards （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） was received that the Home 当局 ーするつもりであるd, for a short period and to a 限られた／立憲的な extent, to continue transportation to Western Australia.****
(*Footnote. Duke of Newcastle to Fitzgerald 16 April 1853; Perth Gazette 26 August 1853.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 16 May 1853; Perth Gazette 20 May 1853, 含む／封じ込めるing 抽出するs from speech in House of ありふれたs by Lord John Russell, 明言する／公表するing 意向s of the 政府. See Hansard third series 容積／容量 124 pages 19 to 20.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 3, 10 and 17 June 1853. Text of 記念の in 問題／発行する of 3 June. The 記念の was 今後d by the 知事 to 国務長官 in 派遣（する） 8 June 1853. See also Fitzgerald to Duke of Newcastle 11 August 1853.)
(****Footnote. Hansard third series 容積／容量 124 page 167 speech in House of Lords by Duke of Newcastle, 国務長官 17 February 1853. Reprinted in Perth Gazette 27 May 1853.)
The reply* to the 記念の was received 早期に in January 1854, and 明言する／公表するd that it was impossible to fetter the 未来 discretion of Her Majesty's 政府 and of 議会, but 支配する to that 保留（地）／予約 no idea was entertained at that time of 中止するing to send 罪人／有罪を宣告するs to Western Australia. The 声明 in the 記念の that the men 一般に had rehabilitated themselves was not 厳密に 正確な. From time to time there were 突発／発生s that called for 厳しい repressive 対策, and many were the instances of 追加するd 監禁，拘置 and corporal 罰. 事例／患者s were not infrequent where 罪人／有罪を宣告するs by careful behaviour had 安全な・保証するd 条件付きの 容赦s, only to relapse, in the absence of 抑制, into their old habits of 副／悪徳行為 and debauchery. The Phoebe Dunbar, which arrived in August, seems to have brought a 特に dangerous and violent horde. The ship had scarcely 錨，総合司会者d when several of them managed to get rid of their shackles and indulged in a drunken orgy that 要求するd the 使用／適用 of the bayonet before it was 鎮圧するd.** In November four 罪人／有罪を宣告するs managed to escape from a bathing party and made their way to the Canning 地区, where they committed さまざまな 強盗s and were 逮捕（する）d only after an 交流 of 発射s. This was one of the 事例／患者s where the 激しい 手渡す of the system was quickly felt; three of the men received five years' 監禁，拘置, three weeks on bread and water, and 100 攻撃するs each; the fourth, on account of the 緩和する of his 逮捕（する）, 存在 let off the 監禁，拘置.***
(*Footnote. Duke of Newcastle to Fitzgerald 16 September 1853.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 23 September 1853.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 2 and 9 December 1853.)
Had it not been for the 設立 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system, 連合させるd with the 法律 that no person could leave the 植民地 without giving notice to the 植民地の 長官, Western Australia would in all probability have fared 不正に at this time. The new gold 発見s in Victoria were made known in 1851, and 移住 to that 植民地 from every other part of Australia at once 始める，決める in. Western Australia was fortunate in not losing more than 400 of her 全住民 before the end of 1853, many of whom were 移民，移住（する）s who caught the gold fever almost as soon as they landed, and proceeded すぐに to the new Eldorado. The loss of even that small number from a 領土 so large in extent and yet 所有するing a mere handful of people in all was a 事柄 of no little 関心. The 植民／開拓者s became 本気で alarmed, and 知事 Fitzgerald did not hesitate to 施行する 厳密に every possible 規則 that could 妨げる or 妨げる the exodus. The newspapers 見解（をとる）d it with almost as 広大な／多数の／重要な 関心 as those of the eastern 植民地s did the 移住 to Western Australia during the nineties.* As one method of stemming the tide, prospecting parties 診察するd the eastern 地区s of the 植民地 in the hope of discovering a 地元の field. Unfortunately they did not proceed far enough, and the mineral treasures of this 明言する／公表する remained hidden for a その上の forty years.
(*Footnote. Ibid 16 December 1853 13 January and 10 February 1854.)
The years 1849 to 1853 may 井戸／弁護士席 be 述べるd as a 移行 period for all Australia. Transportation began in Western Australia and 中止するd in all other parts with the exception of 先頭 Diemen's Land; Port Phillip 地区 was no longer a part of New South むちの跡s, 存在 築くd into a separate 植民地 under the 指名する of Victoria; Victoria by the 発見 of her goldfields far outdistanced the other 植民地s in 構成要素 進歩; and, lastly, in 1850 the long-約束d 行為／法令／行動する for the 政府 of the Australian 植民地s 一般に was passed by the British 議会. This 行為／法令／行動する,* the Western Australian 準備／条項s of which were not availed of for many years afterwards, gave 力／強力にする to the 植民地 under 確かな 条件s to 設立する a 法律を制定する 会議 that should be one-third 指名された人 and two-thirds elected. The total number of members of such 会議 was to be 直す／買収する，八百長をするd 地元で, and all questions of franchise and 手はず／準備 of 選挙民s were also left in the 手渡すs of the colonists. The 条件s precedent 要求するd by the Home 政府 were that the 譲歩 should be asked for by not いっそう少なく than one third of the householders in the 植民地, and that the colonists should be 用意が出来ている to defray all expenses of 政府 out of the 植民地の 歳入, 含むing those borne by 議会の 認めるs under the old system. It was this latter 条件 which 妨げるd the 植民／開拓者s from taking advantage of the 譲歩; though they ardently 願望（する）d 代表者／国会議員 政府 they felt that they were not in a position to 耐える the whole cost of it, and it was not until 1870 that the first 法律を制定する 会議 under 代表者／国会議員 政府 was 設立するd.
(*Footnote. 13 and 14 Victoria c.59.)
Several changes occurred in the 存在するing 法律を制定する 会議 during the years under review. Dr. Madden, the 植民地の 長官, 辞職するd his position in 1848 on the ground of ill-health, and left the 植民地 in 1849. His 出発 was regretted by the people 一般に, but not 明らかに by the 公式の／役人s. From 1848 till 1851, when Major H.A. Sanford became 植民地の 長官, the office and with it the 法律を制定する 会議 seat were held in turn by R.H. Bland, T.N. Yule, and C.A.J. Piesse. In 1852 G.F. Moore, who had been 支持する-General since 1830, 辞職するd and returned to England, his place 存在 一時的に filled by B.W. Vigors until the arrival in 1854 of the new 支持する-General, R. Birnie. In 1852 Captain Henderson, the Comptroller-General of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, became an 公式の／役人 and W.P. Clifton an 非公式の member of the 会議, and about the same time 陸軍大佐 Irwin as Commandant gave place to Captain G.M. Reeves.
These alterations, however, which 事実上 影響する／感情d the whole 職員／兵員 of the 会議, do not seem to have 奮起させるd any general public 信用／信任. For years almost every 行為／法令／行動する of the 会議 had met with 不賛成,* and changes in the 会員の地位 were continually 支持するd; but when those changes were made they do not appear to have brought about any modification of the public 態度. It is やめる evident that the 反対する 目的（とする）d at in this 不満 was a 代表者／国会議員 会議 where the British 政府 should find the money and the 地元の 当局 spend it without 抑制.
(*Footnote. The newspaper とじ込み／提出するs of the period 繰り返して 発言する／表明するd 不賛成 of the 活動／戦闘s of the 会議 as a whole 同様に as of members 個々に.)
The 編集 of a 始める，決める of land 規則s which should 供給する, in a manner 満足な to all parties, for tillage and pastoral 賃貸し（する）s, continued to 税金 the 力／強力にするs of the 植民地の Office 同様に as of the 地元の 政府. It will be remembered that in 1849 a 委員会 of the 法律を制定する 会議 made 確かな suggestions which received the 全員一致の 不賛成 of the 植民／開拓者s, who 示唆するd others in their place. Out of the 大混乱 thus brought about, Earl Grey endeavoured to get something like order. On 22 March 1850 an Order in 会議* was passed 取引，協定ing with both tillage and pastoral 賃貸し（する）s over the waste 栄冠を与える lands of Western Australia.** The 委員会's 分割 of the lands into two classes was 固執するd to with 確かな modifications. Tillage 賃貸し（する）s over land in both classes could be 認めるd for any 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 not 越えるing eight years, the 年次の 賃貸しの to be 2 shillings per acre with a 最小限 of 10 続けざまに猛撃するs, and the acreage 賃貸し（する）d not to 越える 320 acres. Pastoral 賃貸し（する）s could be 認めるd for only one year at a time over land in class A, but up to eight years in class B, the 年次の 賃貸しの to be 5 続けざまに猛撃するs with an 新規加入 of 10 shillings per 1000 acres, the 最大限 number of acres 許すd 存在 20,000. In the 事例／患者 of pastoral 賃貸し（する）s over B land the 知事 could put all or any 部分 of the land up for sale at the end of any year, the lessee to have the 選択 of 購入（する）. If he 拒絶する／低下するd, the value of 改良s were 追加するd to the value of the land and in 事例／患者 of a sale paid over to the lessee. The 政府 also 保持するd the 権利 to rise from any 部分 for public 目的s and to 認める mineral 賃貸し（する）s over the 所有物／資産／財産.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 17 December 1850.)
(**Footnote. 今後d in Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 23 May 1850; Western Australian 政府 Gazette 5 November 1850.)
The 規則s 示唆するd by the 法律を制定する 会議 委員会 in June 1849 and the 改正s 提案するd by the public 会合 in the に引き続いて July both 指名するd one shilling per acre as the 賃貸しの for tillage 賃貸し（する）s. When it was 設立する that the Order in 会議 made the 賃貸しの two shillings per acre there was かなりの 不満. The 量 was considered prohibitive and not 役立つ to that 拡張 of 農業の 産業s so necessary to the success of the 植民地.* The 知事, however, was bound by the 指示／教授／教育s he had received, and new 規則s 取引，協定ing with waste lands were 問題／発行するd on 1 November 1851.** These 含むd the 準備／条項s of the Order in 会議 together with the necessary 機械／機構 条項s.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 12 September 1851; 報告（する）／憶測 of 委員会 of York 農業の Society in Perth Gazette 31 October 1851.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 7 November 1851 copy of 規則s.)
While on the 支配する of land, it may be 公式文書，認めるd that in 1850 the price for 封鎖するs in St. George's and Adelaide terraces was 直す／買収する，八百長をするd at 22 続けざまに猛撃するs, for hay Street 封鎖するs 17 続けざまに猛撃するs, and for other 封鎖するs in the town 12 続けざまに猛撃するs.*
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 18 June 1850.)
早期に in 1850 another organisation, the Colonisation 保証／確信 Company, was formed for the 目的 of 補助装置ing 移住 to the British 植民地s, 特に Western Australia, the prime movers 存在 John Hutt, a former 知事 of Western Australia, and R.W. Nash, who had for many years been a 居住（者） of the 植民地. This Company, which was 会社にする／組み込むd by special 行為／法令／行動する of 議会 (13 Victoria c.21) was 権力を与えるd to 持つ／拘留する 植民地の lands to any extent, and to receive land script to the 量 of 20 続けざまに猛撃するs for the 購入（する） of 植民地の lands in return for every emigrant above the age of fourteen years sent to the 植民地. The system upon which the Company worked 適用するd the 原則 of life 保証／確信 to the 目的s of colonisation. To every person 捜し出すing to 設立する himself in the British 植民地s the Company 申し込む／申し出d in return for an 年次の 賞与金 the 即座の 所有／入手 of 100 acres of land with 復帰 in 料金 simple to himself or to his 相続人s （許可，名誉などを）与えるing as the 政策 was for a 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of years or for life. It was also 用意が出来ている to を取り引きする purchasers for cash, 申し込む／申し出ing them for every 50 続けざまに猛撃するs three 解放する／自由な passages for labourers and 50 acres of land.* Under this 計画／陰謀 over 100 emigrants were sent to Western Australia. When, however, the Home 当局 拒絶する／低下するd to place in their 手渡すs the whole question of 解放する／自由な 移住 to Western Australia and 辞退するd to give them 支配（する）／統制する of the 基金s 投票（する）d by 議会 for that 目的, the Company 宣言するd that the 反対する of its 形式 was 完全に 敗北・負かすd,** and little more was heard of it.
(*Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 1 and 2 March and 1 October 1851.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 1 October 1851. Enclosed with this 派遣（する） are the prospectus and other 文書s relating to the Company.)
With the advent of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system the 財政上の 条件 of the 植民地 やむを得ず 改善するd. The total 歳入, which (含むing the 議会の 認める) was 19,137 続けざまに猛撃するs in 1850, had grown to 37,353 in 1853, and the 支出 in the latter year was 38,052 続けざまに猛撃するs as against 16,656 続けざまに猛撃するs in 1850. 輸入するs, which in 1850 were valued at 52,351 続けざまに猛撃するs, had grown to 126,735 続けざまに猛撃するs three years later, principally 借りがあるing to the 必要物／必要条件s of the system. Unfortunately there was no corresponding growth in 輸出（する）s. Valued at 22,134 続けざまに猛撃するs in the earlier year, they reached only 31,645 続けざまに猛撃するs in the latter one. This was probably 予定 to the fact that a larger 割合 of 地元の 製品s was 要求するd for home 消費; it may also be partly accounted for by the 落ちる which took place about that time in the only 商品／必需品s that Western Australia was able to send abroad. The only 輸出（する） that appears to have held its own was wool, which was 責任がある nearly 20,000 続けざまに猛撃するs in the 輸出（する） value of 1853.*
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
There does not seem to have been that 開発 of 農業 which might have been 推定する／予想するd from the 改善するd 条件s, the 増加するd 量 of money in 循環／発行部数, and the greater 豊富 of cheap 労働. The acreage under cultivation 増加するd during the three years from 7419 to only 10,299.* The 推論する／理由, no 疑問, partly lay in the 恐れる that 付加 生産／産物 would 減ずる prices, 特に as the 判決，裁定 率s in the 植民地 were much higher than the outside market 率s. The comparatively 平易な 仕事 of 後部ing sheep for wool and mutton and the large 利益（をあげる）s to be derived therefrom had also some 影響 in 制限するing cultivation; but perhaps the 長，指導者 原因（となる） may be 設立する in the 声明 that the unwonted 繁栄 of the 植民／開拓者s had induced a feeling of lethargy, and they were disinclined to 労働 when 労働 in all probability would not bring 増加するd 財政上の result.
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
New avenues of 産業 were 設立する in the guano deposits of the Abrolhos, in ワイン-making, in 後部ing horses for the Indian market, and in pearl-fishing; but 非，不，無 of them showed at that time any appreciable 影響 on the value of the 輸出（する）s. At first a 王族 of 2 続けざまに猛撃するs per トン was 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d on guano 輸出（する）d,* but though this was afterwards 減ずるd to 1 続けざまに猛撃する by direction of the 植民地の Office,** very little accrued from it. Most of the guano taken away was stolen--a 明言する／公表する of things that the 当局 had no 力／強力にする to 妨げる. The 存在 of pearl oysters along the north-west coast had been known since 1699, but no 試みる／企てる was made to develop a 貿易（する） until 中尉／大尉／警部補 Helpman returned from Shark Bay with some pearls in 1851. Then an 使用／適用 for the 排除的 権利 to dredge for pearl-爆撃する was made by a 地元の 会社／堅い and 認めるd by the 知事 on 条件 that a 王族 of one-eighth of the value of 爆撃する 回復するd was paid to the 政府.*** Unfortunately this 協定 衝突d with a 譲歩 認めるd to a London 会社／堅い by the 国務長官.**** Some 摩擦 続いて起こるd, but it was 最終的に laid 負かす／撃墜する that the pearl-漁業s should be open to the public,***** and that no 義務 or 王族 should be 課すd except by 法令／条例, which the 国務長官 was not at that time 用意が出来ている to advise.
(*Footnote. Fitzgerald to Earl Grey 17 February 1851.)
(**Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 1 November 1851.)
(***Footnote. Fitzgerald to Earl Grey 11 July 1851.)
(****Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 23 May 1851.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 11 November 1851 and 26 January 1852.)
The greatest 産業の 開発 during these years was the 解決／入植地 of Geraldton and the 支持する／優勝者 Bay 地区 借りがあるing to the 発見, by Surveyor A.C. Gregory in 1848, of lead and 巡査 鉱石. As a result of this find the Geraldine 地雷 had been 設立するd in 1849, and it so far 後継するd that pig-lead to the value of 1200 続けざまに猛撃するs, 同様に as a small 量 of 巡査, was 輸出（する）d in 1853.* The 長，指導者 利益 to the 植民地 from the 設立 of the 地雷 was, however, not so much the 量 of lead 安全な・保証するd as the fact that it drew attention to the 価値のある nature of the surrounding country from an 農業の and pastoral 見地.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
The 地区 存在 new and the natives inclined to be 猛烈な／残忍な, the 政府 設立する that ーするために work the Geraldine 地雷, on which, の中で others, ticket-of-leave men were 雇うd, it was necessary to 設立する a 軍の 地位，任命する in the neighbourhood. 中尉／大尉／警部補 Eliot with a detachment was sent to 支持する／優勝者 Bay for that 目的, and under his 護衛する the first party 始める，決める out to open up and work the 鉱石 deposits.* With this party were Messrs. Burges and Drummond, who, recognising the pastoral 可能性s of the 地区, 決定するd to （問題を）取り上げる 賃貸し（する）s. These they afterwards changed into freeholds, and thus became the 開拓するs of a 繁栄するing pastoral 解決／入植地. In 1850 their example was followed by S.P. Phillips, who 賃貸し（する）d 20,000 acres on the Irwin River. In the に引き続いて year the 核 of the town of Geraldton--指名するd after the 知事--was 調査するd, and the first lots sold.** The expense of 開始 up this 地区 formed the 支配する of correspondence between the 地元の 政府 and the 国務長官. The 政策 of the 植民地の Office was not favourable to the spread of 解決／入植地 over a large extent of country, believing that such a course meant an unnecessary 増加する in the cost of 行政 and made 罪人／有罪を宣告する 監督 more difficult.*** Every expense, therefore, connected with 探検 or the 開始 up of new country was 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d upon the 植民地の 歳入 and not upon the 議会の 認める.
(*Footnote. Fitzgerald to Earl Grey 2 February 1850.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 3 June 1851.)
(**Footnote. Duke of Newcastle to Fitzgerald 7 May 1853.)
In the 事柄 of 探検 these years were devoid of 利益／興味. In fact, the years 1849 to 1853 formed a period of centralisation rather than 拡張. 労働 was more plentiful than it had ever been since the 創立／基礎 of the 植民地, and much of it was at the call of the 政府 at the cheapest 率 possible. その結果 we find public buildings and other necessary conveniences for the 植民／開拓者s springing up in all the settled towns. The money necessary for these, which （機の）カム from the pockets of the British taxpayer, 追加するd by its 循環／発行部数 to the 慰安s of the colonists and the permanence of the 植民地. The result was that more attention was paid to its 必要物／必要条件s, and we find in 1852 a 正規の／正選手 mail service 開始するd by the R.M.S. Company, which had decided to make Albany a coaling 駅／配置する for its steamers 貿易（する）ing between London and Sydney. This, though it took six days to bring the mail from Albany 陸路の to Perth, was an important 開発, as 正規の／正選手 and (for those times) 公正に／かなり 早い communication with England was a boon 大いに valued by the colonists and a step 今後 in the general 進歩 of the 植民地.
In social and 宗教的な 事柄s the period was 一般に one of 進歩. The 慰安s of civilised life were more 明らかな, and there was every 証拠 that the hard 開拓するing days were over. Social amenities began to be 観察するd and the customs of older lands to find place in the new. The 宗教的な 進歩 consisted 主として in the 拡張 of native 使節団s and 手はず／準備 for the spiritual 福利事業 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. The New Norcia 使節団 under Father Salvado showed the good results that could be derived from energy and whole-hearted service in the 利益／興味s of the natives. The only cloud on the 宗教的な horizon was an unfortunate dissension that arose の中で the members of the Roman カトリック教徒 Church, and which brought with it 広大な／多数の／重要な bitterness of feeling. From the very first, 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な difficulties, 財政上の and other, appear to have beset that Church in Western Australia. The Bishop, Dr. Brady, impressed with the 広大な missionary work that 要求するd to be done, seems to have forgotten that for 通貨の 援助 he was 大部分は 扶養家族 on the few people--and those not of the 豊富な class--who composed his communion in the 植民地. That under such circumstances the Church should become encumbered with 負債 was 必然的な. After strenuous endeavours to 対処する with the position, in the course of which he sacrificed his own personal 所有物／資産／財産, Dr. Brady, 疲れた／うんざりしたd in 団体／死体 and 悩ますd in mind, 決定するd in 1849 to ask for 援助 in the 行政. The total 負債 was then about 10,000 続けざまに猛撃するs.* At that time Dr. Serra, one of the priests engaged in 開拓するing the New Norcia 使節団, was in Europe. He had left Western Australia in 1847 with the 反対する of raising 基金s. During his stay in Rome the question arose of 任命するing a bishop of the then 事業／計画（する）d new 植民地 of the north of Australia, and he was 任命するd Bishop of Port Victoria (Port Essington.)** No その上の steps in the direction of 設立するing that 植民地 having been taken when the request of Dr. Brady for 援助 arrived in 1849, Dr. Serra was transferred to Daulia, in partibus infidelium, and made Coadjutor of Perth and 行政官／管理者 of the temporalities of the See.*** No 協定 was made to place upon the shoulders of Bishop Serra, who returned to the 植民地 in December of that year, the 重荷（を負わせる） of the 負債s already in 存在, and その結果 the difficulties of the position remained, with a good 取引，協定 of 混乱 追加するd. In the hope of getting the whole 事柄 straightened out, Dr. Brady left Perth for Rome, where he arrived in May 1850. "During his stay in Rome," says the late 枢機けい／主要な Moran,**** "he strenuously 支持するd the 利益／興味s of the diocese and of the Australian Church, and at his last audience with the 宗教上の Father the ローマ法王 used the words, 'You must return to your people.'" The good Bishop 始める，決める off at once for his distant diocese, forgetful of the 支配する that missionary bishops when 支払う／賃金ing the visit 広告 limina are not 許すd, under 刑罰，罰則 of 非難, to return to their Sees until they receive the 許可／制裁 of the Congregation of 宣伝. Dr. Brady reached Fremantle at the end of 1851, and almost 同時に with his return rumours were 循環させるd to the 影響 that he had, when in Rome, been degraded from office and 拘留するd in the St. Angelo. No 確定／確認 of these 声明s is 来たるべき, but on 9 April 1852 an 公式の／役人 communication was received by Dr. Serra from the Vatican, 明言する／公表するing that Bishop Brady had been 一時停止するd, and 任命するing him (Serra) as 行政官／管理者 with 十分な 力／強力にするs, spiritual and temporal.*****
(*Footnote. Moran, 枢機けい／主要な. History of the カトリック教徒 Church in Australasia Sydney 容積／容量 2 page 562.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 563.)
(****Footnote. Ibid page 564.)
(*****Footnote. Text of the 法令 Motu proprio published in Perth Gazette 16 April 1852.)
On the same date Dr. Brady was 知らせるd of his 中断, the ground 存在 the manner of his 出発 from Rome. These 文書s 証明するd to be all that was necessary to 変える the 内部の dissension in the Church into a public スキャンダル. Each party had its 支持者s, who did not hesitate to vilify the other 味方する; 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s and 反対する-告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s, both in the 法廷，裁判所s and in the streets, became distressingly たびたび（訪れる）.* So bad was the position that it called for the 介入 of the 主要都市の, 大司教 Polding, of Sydney, who arrived in June,** and in July compelled the 一時停止するd Bishop to 認める his submission and afterwards proceed to Rome. Later he proceeded to his native diocese of Kilmore, in Ireland, 最終的に dying at Amelu les Bains, in フラン, in 1871. It is 価値（がある） while 記録，記録的な／記録するing that though not permitted to return to Western Australia Dr. Brady did not 辞職する, nor was he 奪うd of his Bishopric of Perth.***
(*Footnote. Moran, 枢機けい／主要な. History of the カトリック教徒 Church in Australasia 容積／容量 2 page 566; Perth Gazette 7 May, 23 July, 13 August 1852.)
(**Footnote. Moran, 枢機けい／主要な. History of the カトリック教徒 Church in Australasia 容積／容量 2 page 566.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 564.)
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT.
IMPROVEMENT IN LAND REGULATIONS AND CONSEQUENT AGRICULTURAL AND PASTORAL EXPANSION.
DEVELOPMENT AND EXTENSION OF THE CONVICT SYSTEM.
GROWTH OF THE COLONY DURING THE PERIOD.
The 法律を制定する 会議 in 1851,* when 取引，協定ing with the 見積（る）s for 1852/3, decided to raise the salaries of most of the 公式の／役人s. This 決定／判定勝ち（する） could not become operative without the 是認 of the 植民地の Office, which was received 早期に in 1852,** the 新規加入s to the salaries of the 知事 and 植民地の 長官 存在 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d against the 議会の 認める. The 活動／戦闘 of the 会議, however, appears to have had a その上の and wholly unintentional 影響. Giving 証拠 as it did of 増加するing 繁栄 in the 植民地, it was 掴むd by Earl Grey as an 適切な時期 for considering the question of 減ずるing the 皇室の 議会の 認める-in-援助（する）. The 派遣（する） went on to point out that the 増加する of 歳入 and the 刺激 to 商業の activity were 予定 to the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs and might reasonably be 推定する／予想するd to continue; その上の, the 植民地 was receiving the 利益 of the very large 支出 from British 基金s on に代わって of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立. In 見解（をとる） of these facts, Earl Grey 知らせるd the 知事, the 量 of the 議会の 認める must be 減ずるd after the year ending 31 March 1853, 準備／条項 存在 made for 非難する the 植民地の 歳入 with the difference. This 指示／教授／教育 was received by the 法律を制定する 会議 with feelings almost approaching disgust. It never seems to have struck the members that the 皇室の 政府 would want to 減ずる the 量 of 援助 in 割合 to the ability of the 植民地 to 耐える its own expenses.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 14 and 21 May 1851 Perth Gazette 16 and 23 May 1851.)
(**Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 10 December 1851.)
They were also afraid that this 削減 meant the approach of the time when the 法律を制定する 会議 would become elective under the 行為／法令／行動する of 1850, with the consequent 落ちる of the oligarchy, for there seems very little question that in those 早期に days Western Australia was 治める／統治するd by a favoured few almost 完全に in the 利益／興味s of themselves and their friends. The 知事 明言する／公表するd that he had asked for a 延長／続編 of the 認める till 1854,* but beyond that he was not 用意が出来ている to go, as he agreed with the 国務長官 that the time had arrived for 減ずるing the 量 of 財政上の 援助. The 会議 failed to see the 事柄 in that light, and 解決するd to ask that no 削減 be made, on the ground that it was not in 一致 with the understanding of an IMPLIED CONTRACT ON THE PART OF THE HOME GOVERNMENT that any 部分 of the 認める should be 孤立した before the 歳入 of the 植民地 was able to 耐える the whole expense of 政府, and 支払う／賃金 the already 存在するing 負債, without the 課税 of new 税金s. It was also agreed that the 採択 of any course by which a 割合 of the 年次の 議会の 認める should be defrayed out of 植民地の 歳入 would "少なくなる the 安全 of the 維持／整備 of a 十分な 永久の 準備／条項 for the civil, judicial, and ecclesiastical 設立s of the 植民地 when it became する権利を与えるd to an elective 法律を制定する 会議."** In reply to these 決意／決議s*** the 国務長官 辞退するd to 収容する／認める the 存在 of any 暗示するd 契約 as 明言する／公表するd. "It would," he considered, "have been 完全に beyond the 憲法の 力／強力にする of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 政府 to give any 見込みのある 誓約（する） on the 支配する. Nor is there the smallest ground, either in theory or precedent, for the supposition that 議会 is 誓約（する）d to 認める any 直す／買収する，八百長をするd 量 without abatement until such time as the 植民地 can defray the whole of its expenses without exception."****
(*Footnote. Fitzgerald to Earl Grey 27 April 1852.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 19 May 1852 Perth Gazette 21 May 1852.)
(***Footnote. 今後d in Fitzgerald to Earl Grey 13 July 1852.)
(****Footnote. Sir John Pakington to Fitzgerald 11 December 1852.)
In a その上の 派遣（する）* he 拒絶する／低下するd to accede to the 知事's request to 延期する the 会・原則 of the change for a year, but in order not to 悩ます the 地元の 政府 agreed that for the time 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s 量ing to only 1973 続けざまに猛撃するs should be transferred from the 議会の 認める to the 植民地の 基金s, the larger 量--nearly 3700 続けざまに猛撃するs--代表するing one-half the total 議会の 認める, 存在 deferred until 1854. When this was brought before the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1853 it was pointed out that the only remaining expenses paid from 議会の 認めるs were those incurred through the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, and should therefore come from 罪人／有罪を宣告する 基金s, so as not to 妨げる the inhabitants of the 植民地 from taking advantage of the 準備／条項s of the 行為／法令／行動する of 1850 with regard to the 設立 of an elective 法律を制定する 会議. M.W. Clifton, who was 責任がある these 声明s, was the strong 支持する at this time for some change in the 憲法 of the 法律を制定する 会議 which should have the 影響 of giving to the people 一般に a greater 発言する／表明する in the 事件／事情／状勢s of 政府. It was evident from the tenor of the 派遣（する）s of the Duke of Newcastle, then 国務長官 for the 植民地s, that 代表者／国会議員 政府 was not likely to be considered so long as the 植民地 remained a penal 解決／入植地. The only course left open, therefore, was to 試みる／企てる to 増加する the number of the 非，不，無-公式の／役人 指名された人s. Clifton 後継するd in having a 決意／決議 to that 影響 passed by the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1854.** This was 今後d to the 植民地の Office すぐに afterwards,*** which replied asking for その上の （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） as to the 推論する／理由s for the 示唆するd 増加する.****
(*Footnote. Ibid 15 December 1852.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 30 May 1854 Perth Gazette 2 June 1854.)
(***Footnote. Fitzgerald to Duke of Newcastle 17 and 25 August 1854.)
(****Footnote. Sir George Grey to Fitzgerald 17 March 1855 and Lord John Russell to Kennedy 13 May 1855.)
In July 1855 知事 Fitzgerald's 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office 満了する／死ぬd, and he was 後継するd by Captain (afterwards Sir) Arthur E. Kennedy. To Captain Fitzgerald must in the main be ascribed the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs to Western Australia, though it may be pointed out that in 勧めるing that course he was only giving 影響 to the wishes of the colonists. 個人として he had 疑問s about the 知恵 of the 活動／戦闘 in the beginning, and as the years rolled by he did not hesitate to 表明する the 有罪の判決 that the 植民地 ought never to have agreed to 受託する the scourings of English 刑務所，拘置所s for the sake of possible 構成要素 繁栄. As an 行政官／管理者 Captain Fitzgerald was conscientious and painstaking, and, on the whole, his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office may be 述べるd as successful, 特に when the difficulties of guiding the 植民地 through so important a period as the inception of a penal 設立 are taken into consideration. Like all his 前任者s he had to 服従させる／提出する to a 確かな 量 of public 批評, but before he left the 植民地 it was 一般に 譲歩するd by his critics that their 逆の opinions had been too あわてて formed. If the 批評s had been 限定するd to the 財政上の 味方する of his 行政 they would perhaps have been 正当化するd. The first difficulty that met Captain Kennedy on his 仮定／引き受けること of office in July was to find 十分な money to 支払う／賃金 the month's salaries. Captain Fitzgerald* had 明言する／公表するd that it was 概算の that on 31 December there would be a credit balance of 691 続けざまに猛撃するs, and that at the end of 1856 there would be a probable credit balance of 320 続けざまに猛撃するs; in place of that 知事 Kennedy 設立する an actual 負債 of 14,205 続けざまに猛撃するs and not a farthing in the 財務省.** Such a 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s was rather unfortunate for the new 知事. It compelled him to use the pruning knife somewhat 自由に, a 訴訟／進行 which exposed him at the very 開始／学位授与式 of his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 to the danger of unpopularity.*** That danger was not 少なくなるd in 1856 when, in order if possible to arrange for the 漸進的な liquidation of the 負債, he 説得するd the 会議 to authorise 付加 課税, principally through the customs, 概算の to 産する／生じる 5700 続けざまに猛撃するs a year.**** These however, were 事柄s upon which the 責任／義務 of his position compelled him to take 活動／戦闘, and any odium resulting from them would only have been ephemeral. The same can scarcely be said of his 活動／戦闘 in bringing 今後 an 修正するd Licensing 法案. 存在 impressed with the laxity of the アルコール飲料 法律s and astounded at the prevalence of drunkenness, he introduced into this 法案--and 後継するd in passing*****--very stringent 条項s regarding the sale of アルコール飲料. の中で these was one 供給するing that 条件付きの-容赦 men could not 持つ／拘留する a licence.****** This met with very strong 不賛成 outside the 会議, as there were at the time several 支えるもの／所有者s of licences who were of that class, and it was 競うd that vested 利益／興味s would be 干渉するd with,******* while at the same time men who were する権利を与えるd to freedom would be placed under a disability.
(*Footnote. Fitzgerald to Sir George Grey 28 June 1855.)
(**Footnote. Kennedy to Lord John Russell 17 August 1855. This 負債 was made up as follows: to Commissariat Department 2959 続けざまに猛撃するs; Western Australian Bank 2577 続けざまに猛撃するs; 皇室の 財務省 2169 続けざまに猛撃するs; スパイ／執行官-General 1700 続けざまに猛撃するs; G. 漏れる, 800 続けざまに猛撃するs; Salaries July and August 8000 続けざまに猛撃するs; いっそう少なく 歳入 July to August 4000 続けざまに猛撃するs; total 14,205 続けざまに猛撃するs.)
(***Footnote. Kennedy to Lord John Russell 17 August 1855.)
(****Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 17 June 1856 Perth Gazette 20 June 1856.)
(*****Footnote. 20 Victoria Number 1.)
(******Footnote. 20 Victoria Number 1 section 10.)
(*******Footnote. Perth Gazette 27 June 1856.)
The whole question would be one of 単に passing 利益／興味 if it were not that the 適切な時期 was 掴むd by the 支持するs for 代表者／国会議員 政府 to 新たにする their agitation. A public 会合 was held on 6 August,* the largest held in the 植民地 up to that time, for the 目的 of considering the Licensing 行為／法令／行動する and the 憲法 of the 法律を制定する 会議. On the first 支配する all those 在庫／株 arguments in 対立 that are always used against any 改正 of a licensing 行為／法令／行動する were brought 今後; on the second a 決意／決議 was passed 断言するing the necessity of 増加するing the number of 非，不，無-公式の／役人 members in the 会議. Incidentally, the whole tenor of the 会合 was a strong 激しい非難 of the 行政 of 知事 Kennedy. The 決意／決議s were in 予定 course sent on to the 国務長官, who replied** 確認するing the Licensing 行為／法令／行動する with the exception of the 条項 除外するing 条件付きの-容赦 men from 持つ／拘留するing a licence. A その上の 派遣（する）*** 明言する／公表するd that Her Majesty's 政府 was not 用意が出来ている to advise the introduction of elective members into the 法律を制定する 会議. 納得させるd that 非，不，無-公式の／役人 members had no 力／強力にする in the 会議, Mr. Samson 辞職するd his seat in October 1856,**** and M.W. Clifton followed 控訴 in 1858. J.W. Hardey was 任命するd in 1855, and S.P. Phillips and E. Hamersley in 1857, while Samson was reappointed in 1859. The question of 代表者／国会議員 政府 was once more raised in 1858***** and again in 1860, when it was 明言する／公表するd that the absence of 非公式の members from the 会議 as then 構成するd would be やめる as 有益な as their presence.******
(*Footnote. Ibid 8 August 1856.)
(**Footnote. Labouchere to Kennedy 1 January 1857.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 28 January 1857.)
(****Footnote. Perth Gazette 17 October 1856.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 3 and 10 December 1858.)
(******Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 27 September 1860 Mr. Samson in Inquirer 3 October 1860.)
But even with all this discussion over the 憲法 of the 会議 the colonists did not relax their しっかり掴む of the old bone of 論争--the land 規則s and the necessity for some alteration in them. By the 開始 up of the country 一連の会議、交渉／完成する 支持する／優勝者 Bay one 段階, that of 賃貸し（する）ing, had assumed an important 面. The leadership in this agitation, too, seems to have devolved upon 保安官 Clifton, who was 一般に to be 設立する in the 最前部 of any 進歩／革新的な movement of that period. In 1854 he 示唆するd the 課税 of a 税金 of 1 halfpenny per acre on all land, such 税金 to be remitted when the land was （疑いを）晴らすd and brought under cultivation. This 提案, which 目的（とする）d at 妨げるing the 取得／買収 of large 広い地所s, failed to 会合，会う with the 是認 of the other members, and the 事柄 was 許すd to lapse.* 納得させるd that some alteration in the land 規則s was necessary, Clifton returned to the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 in 1856** by 提案するing that the 最小限 price of 栄冠を与える lands at auction should be 1 続けざまに猛撃する per acre up to 50 acres, 10 shillings up to 100, and 5 shillings per acre afterwards. His 反対するs were to try to break up big 広い地所s, to 抑制する squatting, and to bring land under cultivation. It was 認める that the newly-opened country 一連の会議、交渉／完成する 支持する／優勝者 Bay was held in large squatting 賃貸し（する）s, the areas of most of which were out of all 割合 to the 在庫／株 carried, and had in many 事例／患者s been selected only to 妨げる agriculturists from getting a 地盤 in the 地区. Always ready to consider the question of altering the land 規則s, the 法律を制定する 会議 agreed to remit the 事柄 to the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 in the hope that some 満足な 計画（する） might be 工夫するd. The 見解（をとる） that Clifton 勧めるd was 事実上 the same as that put before the House of Lords 委員会 on the 罪人／有罪を宣告する System by T.N. Yule and others, and which had so impressed that 委員会 that it recommended the 皇室の 当局 to make a large 削減 in the sale price of waste 栄冠を与える lands in Western Australia.***
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 20 May 1854 Inquirer 7 June 1854.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 17 October 1856 Perth Gazette 24 October 1856.)
(***Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of Select 委員会 of House of Lords on Transportation 1856 Number 124 paragraph 10. See also Answers of G.F. Moore As. 539 to 546, R.McB. Brown As. 626 to 638, T.N. Yule As. 759 to 760, 765 to 768, 829 to 834.)
The (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議, to which the 事柄 had been referred by the 立法機関, endeavoured by sending 一連の会議、交渉／完成する a 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of queries to learn the 見解（をとる）s of the inhabitants 一般に. A 委員会, consisting of Captain J.S. 魚の卵 (Surveyor-General) F.P. Barlee, and A. O'Grady Lefroy, was then 任命するd to take these replies into consideration and 明確に表す such 改正s as seemed to be necessary. This 委員会 報告（する）／憶測d in June 1857,* and had the satisfaction of finding its 報告（する）／憶測 全員一致で 認可するd by the colonists. No alteration in the 規則s 治める／統治するing town allotments were 提案するd, but 激烈な 改正s in those relating to 栄冠を与える lands were 示唆するd. The price was to be 減ずるd to 5 shillings per acre for cash, or 6 shillings for credit 延長するing over three years; sales by auction were to give way to sales at a 直す／買収する，八百長をするd price; the 最小限 量 許すd to be forty acres; every adult 支払う／賃金ing cabin fare from England and 購入（する）ing 40 accrues was to be 許すd an 付加 20 acres as a 認める, such land to be selected within twelve months of arrival and the selector to reside on it for three years before he received the 肩書を与える; 使用／適用 料金s were to be 廃止するd and the cost of 肩書を与える-行為s 減ずるd to 20 shillings on all 認めるs. In regard to pastoral 賃貸し（する）s no alteration in the prices of either A or B land, as 始める，決める out in the Order in 会議 of March 1850, was 示唆するd. It was 提案するd, however, to alter the 境界s of class A in some 尊敬（する）・点s and to give the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 力／強力にする to move into class A any land within a mile of 未来 購入（する）s. In class B the 委員会 提案するd that the 最大限 賃貸し（する） should be 10,000 acres instead of 20,000, that the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of 賃貸し（する） should be eight years as before, with the 権利 of 再開, but that in 事例／患者 of 再開 the rent should be raised 50 per cent, and another 50 per cent in the event of a second 再開; that during the first year only the lessee should have the 権利 to 購入（する）, and that for three years he should have a preemptive 権利 over two acres for eve ry 100 構成するd in the 賃貸し（する）; that 支配する to the 制限s について言及するd any person could select for 購入（する） areas of no いっそう少なく than 40 acres, the price paid to be 直す／買収する，八百長をするd beforehand, and the lessee to be 補償するd for any 改良s made on the particular 封鎖する. In 見解（をとる） of the 提案するd 削減 in the price of land the 委員会 recommended the 廃止 of tillage 賃貸し（する）s.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 19 June 1857 報告（する）／憶測 of 委員会.)
The 報告（する）／憶測 of the 委員会 was 全員一致で 受託するd by the 会議.* It was considered the broadest and most 満足な 提案 put 今後 up to that time, and it embraced most of the requests made by the colonists during the previous twenty years. In 予定 course the land 規則s thus 修正するd were 今後d for the 是認 of the 皇室の 当局,** and the reply of the 国務長官 was considered at the 開会／開廷／会期 of the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1858.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 24 June 1857 Perth Gazette 26 June 1857.)
(**Footnote. Kennedy to Labouchere 13 August 1857.)
Recognising that the 改正s 代表するd the 全員一致の opinion of the colonists, Lord Stanley 通知するd his 是認 of them with only two exceptions.* He 拒絶する／低下するd to 直す／買収する，八百長をする the sale price of 栄冠を与える lands at いっそう少なく than 10 shillings per acre, and he 辞退するd to give any 権利 of 再開 in the 事例／患者 of pastoral 賃貸し（する）s for eight years. In coming to a 決定／判定勝ち（する） he was guided by the opinion of the Land and 移住 Commissioners, to whom he had referred the whole question. ーするために 補助装置 その上の in 妨げるing land monopolies, against which the 改正s had in part been でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd, the 国務長官 示唆するd the 課税 of a 税金 on country lands and of a 投票 税金 on sheep and cattle. The 法律を制定する 会議, 堅固に 納得させるd of the 知恵 of its 初めの 提案s, and 平等に 確かな that a land 税金 would be injurious, 抗議するd against the suggestions of the 国務長官,** but without 影響. In August 1859 a 派遣（する）*** was received from the 植民地の Office 確認するing the previous one on the 支配する, and directing the 知事 to bring the 規則s so 修正するd into 操作／手術. A second 派遣（する）**** enclosed a long 報告（する）／憶測 from the Land and 移住 Commissioners in 延長／続編 of their former 報告（する）／憶測, and along the same lines. They 競うd that if 植民地の lands were made too cheap, every colonist would become a landowner and not one remain a labourer. The 必要物／必要条件s of the 植民地 were not, in their opinion, cheap land and 労働, but an 増加する of 資本／首都, and 資本主義者s were not tempted to a country by the cheapness of the land, but by the return which could be 得るd from it. The 恐れる that every colonist might become a landowner seems curious in these days of closer 解決／入植地, when the 全世界の／万国共通の cry appears to be "支援する to the land."
(*Footnote. Lord Stanley to Kennedy 1 May 1858.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 23 September and 1 October 1858 Perth Gazette 1 and 8 October 1858. The 決意／決議s of the 法律を制定する 会議 were 今後d by Kennedy to 国務長官 13 October 1858.)
(***Footnote. Sir E.B. Lytton to Kennedy 19 May 1859.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 20 May 1859.)
The land 規則s passed in 1857 had therefore to be altered ーするために 直す／買収する，八百長をする the 最小限 price per acre at 10 shillings and to make the other 改正s 要求するd by the Home 当局. Though the colonists were afraid that the alterations would 敗北・負かす the 反対する they had in 見解（をとる）, that 恐れる 証明するd to a large extent groundless. In an 演説（する）／住所 to the 法律を制定する 会議 in October 1859,* the 知事 brought 今後 統計（学） which showed that the 賃貸し（する）ing 準備／条項s of the 規則s had 証明するd 満足な. 反して the land 賃貸し（する）d from the 栄冠を与える in 1852 量d to 2,356,239 acres, in 1859 it reached 5,003,336, or more than 二塁打, with a corresponding 増加する in 歳入. In April 1860, when the first 使用／適用s for the 購入（する） of land under the new 条件s were received, land to the value of 3050 続けざまに猛撃するs was sold on the first day,** and the 領収書s from that source which in 1850 were 1357 続けざまに猛撃するs*** had grown in 1860 to 10,193 続けざまに猛撃するs.**** In fact, so successful did the 操作／手術 of the new 規則s 証明する that no その上の 試みる／企てる at 激烈な alterations were made for some かなりの time.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 22 October 1859 Perth Gazette 28 October 1859.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 18 April 1860.)
(***Footnote. Blue 調書をとる／予約する 1850 page 20. The 人物／姿／数字s in 統計に基づく 要約 含む both sales and rents.)
(****Footnote. Ibid.)
The 増加するd activity in the alienation of land was no 疑問 大部分は 予定 to the 改善するd 規則s under which it could be 安全な・保証するd. Large 投資家s were more 確かな of a return for the money 投資するd, whilst the smaller 資本主義者 and the provident 労働者 設立する it possible to 安全な・保証する freeholds and thus become their own masters. At the same time there is no 疑問 that the 拡大 was partly 予定 to the continued influx of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs and to the numbers of 移民，移住（する）s who arrived in pursuance of the 協定 that as many 解放する／自由な persons as 罪人／有罪を宣告するs should be sent out. Up to the end of 1853 there had been 2598 犯罪のs landed in the 植民地, and during the 後継するing seven years another 2911 arrived, making in all a total of 5509 during the first ten years of the 操作／手術 of the system. In 新規加入, during the five years ending 1855, the British 政府 had 供給するd passages for nearly four thousand 解放する／自由な 移民，移住（する）s.* Such a large 増加する in the general 全住民 could not help but 影響する／感情 every 段階 of 植民地の 開発. For the first time for many years 十分な 労働, 解放する／自由な or 軍隊d, was 利用できる for the three 広大な／多数の／重要な needs of the community--改善するd means of communication and 輸送（する）, 援助 in cultivating the land, and a market for the produce. The 改善するd means of communication made it possible for owners to cultivate profitably land さらに先に from the centres of 全住民, whilst the 労働 necessary to 補助装置 in that 開発 was easily procurable and a 十分に large market to 吸収する the produce ready to 手渡す.
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
As might be 推定する／予想するd from the presence of such a large 犯罪の 全住民, many of whom were to all 意図s and 目的s 捕まらないで, 罪，犯罪s both of trifling and serious character were 公正に／かなり たびたび（訪れる）, but never so たびたび（訪れる） as to be beyond the 力／強力にする of the police to 支配（する）／統制する. The question as to whether the 皇室の or 植民地の 基金s should 耐える the expenses of 維持／整備 of the police 軍隊 was for some time a bone of 論争. Under the 初めの 協定 the 皇室の 政府 agreed to 支払う／賃金 two-thirds of the cost of the police 軍隊, but when 10,000 続けざまに猛撃するs was 概算の as the cost for 1855 反対 was taken on the ground of extravagance, and the 国務長官 辞退するd to 与える／捧げる more than 6000 続けざまに猛撃するs in any one year.* Real grievances 存在 不十分な, this was すぐに 掴むd by the colonists. 会合s in 抗議する were held in さまざまな centres and a 記念の** 用意が出来ている for submission to the 国務長官 complaining that the Home 当局 should 耐える at least two-thirds of the total expense, as they had 利益d by the erection of 刑務所，拘置所s, 倉庫・駅s, ４半期/4分の1s, and so on, while the colonists still looked in vain for their roads and 橋（渡しをする）s. The 記念の その上の directed attention to the fact that the 解放する／自由な 移民，移住（する）s 約束d were not 存在 sent out, while some of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 大型船s carried only men who were する権利を与えるd to their tickets-of-leave すぐに upon 上陸, and could not therefore be 雇うd upon public 作品. 知事 Kennedy duly transmitted the 記念の,*** but 陳列する，発揮するd no enthusiasm in support of it. In reply the 国務長官**** 直す／買収する，八百長をするd the 皇室の 出資／貢献 at the 6000 続けざまに猛撃するs 以前 通知するd, and pointed out that so far as 移住 was 関心d 3786 解放する／自由な people had been sent out by British 基金s up to the end of 1855, while only 3661 罪人／有罪を宣告するs had been 輸送（する）d during the same period. He 認める that the colonists were 正当化するd in asking that the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs should be 雇うd on public 作品 for some 部分 of their 宣告，判決s, but pointed out that there was not a 十分な number of suitable 罪人／有罪を宣告するs to 会合，会う the 需要・要求するs.
(*Footnote. Duke of Newcastle to Fitzgerald 28 February 1854; Sir George Grey to Fitzgerald 26 January 1855.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 14 September 1855 copy of 記念の.)
(***Footnote. Kennedy to Lord John Russell 18 October 1855.)
(****Footnote. Labouchere to Kennedy 3 April 1856 in Perth Gazette 19 September 1856.)
Though the moral status of the community can scarcely be said to have been raised by the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, there is little 疑問 that materially the 植民地 as a whole 利益d, and that to a 広大な／多数の／重要な extent, by their presence. Public 作品, which had been anxiously 願望（する）d ever since the 創立／基礎 of the 植民地, were built, and though the erection of 橋（渡しをする）s and the making of roads did not proceed やめる so expeditiously as the colonists could have wished, かなりの 進歩 was made. Many （民事の）告訴s of the want of 永久の lines of communication were 発言する／表明するd from time to time, but, as the 知事 somewhat sarcastically pointed out, it was no light 仕事 to 供給する those means in a community numbering only 11,000 people, who were so scattered that it 要求するd 11,000 miles of road to connect them. One 原因（となる） of the 延期する lay in the fact that many of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs sent out were する権利を与えるd to tickets-of-leave すぐに on 上陸. The Sea Park, which landed 304 felons in April 1854, 供給するd only one man for public 作品, the 残りの人，物 捜し出すing outside 雇用 under tickets-of-leave. Though in a way it was fortunate that such a good class of 犯罪の was sent out, the colonists scarcely looked at the 事柄 in that light. To them the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system 代表するd three things--the lavish 支出 of British 基金s, cheap 労働 for their public 作品, and a stream of 解放する／自由な 移民／移住 paid for by the Home 当局; and to 安全な・保証する those they were willing to take the 危険 of 存在 saddled with an incorrigible 犯罪の 全住民. Perceiving this, the 国務長官 from 1855 did not 演習 such 広大な／多数の／重要な care in the 選択, with the result that 犯罪のs were 輸送（する）d who were a 悪口を言う／悪態 to human society.* They certainly were 利用できる for 政府 作品 for a long period after arrival, but once they were 始める，決める 解放する／自由な the colonists recognised that their services had been dearly bought.
(*Footnote. See Captain Henderson's 証拠 before House of Lords 委員会 on Transportation 1856 pages 83 Qs 870 to 874.)
To give some idea of the extent of the work 成し遂げるd by 罪人／有罪を宣告するs during this period, it may be について言及するd that buildings, 橋（渡しをする）s, and roads to the value of over 50,000 続けざまに猛撃するs had been 完全にするd, or were in course of construction, at the end of 1860. The 主要な／長／主犯 of these was the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立 itself, 築くd at Fremantle, which now forms part of the Fremantle 刑務所，拘置所. Some hundreds of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were engaged upon it, but, as might be 推定する／予想するd, 進歩 was slow, as the men had no 恐れる of 存在 解任するd on the ground of 無資格／無能力. The 刑務所，拘置所, with the necessary officers' ４半期/4分の1s, pensioners' 兵舎, and other appurtenances, formed for many years the 主要な／長／主犯 work of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, and the people of Fremantle grew accustomed to the clank of the chaingangs as they passed to and fro. In fact, the unwonted activity seems to have made them so proud of the town that in 1854* they 本気で 示唆するd (but without 影響) to the 国務長官** that the seat of 政府 should be 除去するd from Perth to the port. Other 作品 were the construction of the 現在の 政府 House, 概算の to cost 7000 続けざまに猛撃するs, but which, when 完全にするd in 1864, was 設立する to have cost nearly 18,000 続けざまに猛撃するs; the erection of a new 刑務所，拘置所 at Perth on the 場所／位置 now 占領するd by the Public Library, Museum, and Art Gallery; the building of country 倉庫・駅s or 支店 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立s and 無効の 倉庫・駅s; and さまざまな police 駅／配置するs, 法廷，裁判所s, and jetties. The Perth to Fremantle road was also 永久的に laid out, and a large swampy lake at the 支援する of the 資本／首都, on which the Central 鉄道 駅／配置する now stands, was drained into the river at Claisebrook. All this activity meant the 支出, as has been shown, of large sums of money, all of which was 供給するd by the British 政府, and a 広大な／多数の／重要な part of which 設立する its way into the pockets of the colonists. A wave of 繁栄 passed over the 植民地, and the 植民／開拓者s felt that their 決意 to receive 罪人／有罪を宣告するs had been amply 正当化するd, more 特に as a large infl ux of 解放する／自由な people had also resulted.
(*Footnote. Fitzgerald to Sir George Grey 15 December 1854 enclosing 記念の from 居住（者）s of Fremantle.)
(**Footnote. Lord John Russell to Fitzgerald 1 May 1855.)
Two important 事柄s 関心ing the 行政 of the system called for attention during these years. It was the 初めの 意向 of the British 政府 that a 罪人／有罪を宣告する, when on ticket-of-leave, should, out of his 収入s, refund 15 続けざまに猛撃するs--the cost of passage out--to the 皇室の 財務省.* This 証明するd 事実上 unworkable, its only 影響 存在 to raise the price of 労働. The 罪人／有罪を宣告する 自然に 反対するd to 支払う／賃金 for a voyage which he did not 請け負う 任意に, and the 雇用者 did not relish having to 支払う／賃金 higher 給料 in order that his 従業員 might reimburse the British 財務省. At the end of February 1857 there was 7200 続けざまに猛撃するs 予定 on this account, while 400 続けざまに猛撃するs had been paid in 前進する.** When giving 証拠 on the 支配する before the House of Lords 委員会, G.F. Moore and others advised that the 規則s be 再考するd, as the expense entailed by it fell not upon the 罪人／有罪を宣告する, but upon the 植民／開拓者. The 委員会, in its 報告（する）／憶測, 可決する・採択するd the advice.*** Captain Henderson and also Captain Wray, who 行為／法令／行動するd for some time as Comptroller-General, in 連続する 報告（する）／憶測s**** also advised that some alteration be made, 明言する／公表するing that the 廃止 of the 規則 would 除去する a 普及した and very natural discontent の中で the ticket-of-leave men and relieve the colonists from a 激しい 税金 by enabling them to 減ずる 給料. The 知事 supported this 見解（をとる）, and it was 認可するd by the 国務長官.***** In order that there might not be any 不満, the 当局 refunded the 400 続けざまに猛撃するs already paid in 前進する.****** All 支払い（額）s 中止するd as from 28 February 1857.******* The same course was 可決する・採択するd regarding the 支払い（額）s に向かって the passages of wives and families of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs.********
(*Footnote. Earl Grey to Fitzgerald 5 January 1850.)
(**Footnote. Kennedy to Labouchere 13 April 1857 with enclosure Captain Wray to Kennedy 13 March 1857.)
(***Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of Select 委員会 of House of Lords on transportation 1856 page 4 paragraph 11.)
(****Footnote. See Half-年一回の 報告（する）／憶測s of Comptroller-General 188 and 1856 in House of ありふれたs Papers on 罪人／有罪を宣告する Discipline and Transportation.)
(*****Footnote. Labouchere to Kennedy 14 September 1856.)
(******Footnote. Kennedy to Labouchere 13 April 1857.)
(*******Footnote. Ibid.)
(********Footnote. Labouchere to Kennedy 4 March 1857.)
It will be remembered that 早期に in the fifties suggestions having in 見解（をとる） the introduction of 女性（の） 罪人／有罪を宣告するs had been made by the Home 当局, but had been 堅固に …に反対するd by the 植民／開拓者s. The 反乱ing 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s in Tasmania consequent upon their introduction to that 植民地 was too 井戸／弁護士席-known, and however anxious Western Australia might have been to 安全な・保証する cheap 労働, it had a decided aversion to that type of it. One of the 推論する／理由s which impelled the Duke of Newcastle to make the suggestion in 1853* was the 不平等 between the sexes, there 存在 nearly three males to every 女性（の）. Public opinion …に反対するd the idea** and the 知事 advised against it,*** so for a time the 事柄 was 許すd to 減少（する）. It was 新たにするd by the 国務長官 in 1856,**** when the 割合 of males to 女性（の）s had risen to 100:11. A public 会合 held at Fremantle in May 1857***** favoured the introduction of 女性（の） 犯罪のs, and in June of that year Clifton 後継するd in passing a 決意／決議 in favour through the 法律を制定する 会議;****** the Surveyor-General, the 植民地の Treasurer, Phillips, and Hamersley 投票（する）ing against it. The 知事 was on the 味方する of the 大多数. This 決意／決議 led to public 会合s in さまざまな country centres, at which strong 対立 to the idea was evident. The 知事 made a 十分な 報告（する）／憶測 to the Home 当局, faintly recommending a 裁判，公判 of the 実験,******* but in 1858 the 皇室の 政府******** finally decided not to 輸送（する） 女性（の）s to Western Australia.
(*Footnote. Duke of Newcastle to Fitzgerald 14 December 1853.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 31 May 1854.)
(***Footnote. Fitzgerald to Duke of Newcastle 3 August 1854.)
(****Footnote. Labouchere to Kennedy 16 December 1856.)
(*****Footnote. Perth Gazette 5 June 1857.)
(******Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 23 June 1857 Perth Gazette 26 June 1857.)
(*******Footnote. Kennedy to Labouchere 13 August 1857.)
(********Footnote. Labouchere to Kennedy 17 February 1858.)
Ample 証拠 of the 構成要素 advantages derived from the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立 may be 設立する in the 貿易（する） relations. The value of 輸出（する）s, which in 1850 stood at 22,135 続けざまに猛撃するs, had risen in 1860 to 89,247 続けざまに猛撃するs. The 主要な／長／主犯 articles 輸出（する）d were, of course, wool and 木材／素質, followed by horses (for the Indian market) and 鯨-oil. The 輸入するs had also 増加するd かなり, and reached 169,075 続けざまに猛撃するs in 1860.* This does not, perhaps, 示す an altogether healthy 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s, but apart from the fact that a 部分 of it 代表するd 構成要素s for public 作品 and 準備／条項s and 着せる／賦与するing for the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, it shows that the 設立 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system had brought about the introduction of a large 量 of money, the 利益s from which were 存在 felt by the community 一般に. The 歳入 and 支出, too, had grown 平等に with the 貿易（する）. In 1850 the 地元の 領収書s were 11,722 続けざまに猛撃するs and the disbursements (含むing that from 認めるs-in-援助（する）) 16,657 続けざまに猛撃するs; and in 1860 the 人物／姿／数字s were 60,741 続けざまに猛撃するs and 61,745 続けざまに猛撃するs それぞれ.** The 認めるs-in-援助（する） from 皇室の 基金s, which during the first twenty-one years of the 植民地's 存在 量d to 375,264 続けざまに猛撃するs, showed a 示すd 増加する, reaching the sum of 906,000 続けざまに猛撃するs during the decennial period 1851 to 1860.*** When we remember that of this 量 450,000 続けざまに猛撃するs went in 支払う／賃金 and allowances and a その上の 250,000 続けざまに猛撃するs in 支払い（額） for 地元で produced foodstuffs**** for the 囚人s, we readily understand that at this 行う／開催する／段階, at any 率, the colonists had no qualms of 良心 over the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(**Footnote. Ibid. The 植民地の 歳入 is taken from the Blue 調書をとる／予約するs 1850 to 1860.)
(***Footnote. Inquirer 13 June 1860 抽出する from 国勢（人口）調査 報告（する）／憶測.)
(****Footnote. Ibid.)
In 新規加入 to 貿易（する） 拡大, to the erection of public buildings, and the building of 永久の roads, その上の 証拠 of the 繁栄 予定 to the altered 条件s was to be 設立する in the acreage under 刈る, 24,705 (more than 二塁打 the area in 1850) and the number of 在庫／株, 313,000 (存在 an 増加する during the ten years of over 150,000). Of the total 在庫／株, sheep accounted for 上向きs of a ４半期/4分の1 of a million, showing that squatting had 伸び（る）d a 会社／堅い 持つ／拘留する in Western Australia, as it had in the eastern 植民地s. In fact, the wool sent away from the 植民地 in 1860--49,000 続けざまに猛撃するs---代表するd more than half the value of all 輸出（する）s.* かなりの success was also 伸び（る）d in 産む／飼育するing horses, the proximity of India and the 必要物／必要条件s of the Indian army, 特に at this time, affording a ready market. 木材／素質 and 捕鯨 gave 雇用 to numbers of people, and in every centre of 全住民 there was 証拠 of activity and 進歩. The 沈滞した 解決／入植地 of 1850 had become in ten years a 蜂の巣 of 産業, a change which the colonists believed to be wholly 予定 to the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. As 知事 Fitzgerald put the 事柄 before the House of Lords 委員会, the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs had saved the 植民地.**
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(**Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of Select 委員会 of House of Lords on Transportation page 20 Q 189.)
The gold 発見s of Victoria, 連合させるd with the 証明するd 存在 of lead and 巡査, served to keep alive an 利益／興味 in 採掘. That 利益／興味 was 刺激するd by Robert Austin, one of the 政府 surveyors, who as the 結果 of a trip through the Murchison 地区 表明するd the opinion that gold might be 設立する there.* 燃料 was 追加するd by the 展示 of some 見本／標本s of gold said to have been 設立する somewhere in the eastern 地区s. The locality of the find could not, however, be 直す／買収する，八百長をするd. As a result of these 報告（する）／憶測s, prospecting was carried on with some degree of assiduity, but without any 発見s 存在 made. A 確かな 量 of activity was, however, 存在 shown in lead and 巡査 採掘. Lead of good 質 was 安全な・保証するd from the Geraldine 地雷, and other 地雷s--principally the Wanerenooka and the Wheal Fortune--were opened up and 産する／生じるd 巡査 of excellent 質 and in かなりの 量. These 地雷s would doubtless have had a 繁栄する career but for the difficulties of 輸送 to the seaboard at Geraldton. The 地元の 政府 was approached, without success, with a request for a 鉄道 or tramway, and in 1860 the 皇室の 当局 were asked** to 保証（人） the cost of construction. A 拒絶*** in this direction also, 連合させるd with a serious 落ちる in the price of 巡査 which occurred at the time, made profitable working almost impossible, and in consequence the 地雷s languished.
(*Footnote. Austin, R. 定期刊行物 of 探検隊／遠征隊 to 調査する the 内部の of Western Australia Perth 1855 page 58.)
(**Footnote. Kennedy to Sir G. Cornewall 吊りくさび 16 March 1860.)
(***Footnote. Sir G. Cornewall 吊りくさび to Kennedy 14 July 1860.)
The search for mineral wealth and the 開始 up of good pastoral country 一連の会議、交渉／完成する 支持する／優勝者 Bay led, during these years, to a 復活 of 探検の／予備の work. In 1854 Assistant-Surveyor Austin was sent by 知事 Fitzgerald to 診察する the country to the north and east of the settled 地区s with a 見解（をとる） to discovering minerals and of 開始 up その上の pastoral and 農業の land. This 探検隊／遠征隊, which left Moumbakine, 近づく Northam, in July, 横断するd and 診察するd a かなりの tract of salt 沼 country and discovered several mountains and salt lakes. その上の 進歩 was 妨げるd 借りがあるing to the death of the horses through eating the poisonous box-工場／植物, and Austin was compelled to make for the coast. On his way a 停止（させる） was made at 開始する Magnet, and the 地区 一連の会議、交渉／完成する 開始するs Magnet and Kenneth and Lake Austin 診察するd. This was afterwards 述べるd in his 報告（する）／憶測 as probably "one of the finest goldfields in the world."* Austin finally arrived at the Geraldine 地雷 in November, after 苦しむing 厳しく from want of water. In the に引き続いて years, 1855 and 1856, A.C. Gregory made his 井戸／弁護士席-known 旅行 from the Northern 領土 along Sturt Creek to Lake Termination, in the north-east of Western Australia, thence returning to his （軍の）野営地，陣営 on the Victoria Plains, to the south of the Kimberley goldfield.** The remaining 探検s were 行為／行うd by F.T. Gregory, who in 1857 returned to 完全にする the 調査する of the unexamined 部分s of the Murchison River,*** and in 1858 was sent out for the 目的 of 調査するing and 報告（する）／憶測ing on the Shark Bay and Gascoyne River 地区s. Leaving the Geraldine 地雷 in April, Gregory followed the Murchison River to the neighbourhood of 開始する Gould, 訴訟／進行 thence to the headwaters of the Gascoyne. Tracing that river to its mouth, he made his way 支援する to Perth and 報告（する）／憶測d that there were several tracts of good, 井戸／弁護士席-watered land in the Gascoyne 地区 admirably ふさわしい for pastoral 目的s, but 示唆するd a その上の examination in the 乾燥した，日照りの season of the year.****
(*Footnote. Austin, R. 定期刊行物 of 探検隊／遠征隊 to 調査する the 内部の of Western Australia page 58.)
(**Footnote. Favenc, E. History of Australian 探検 Sydney 1888 pages 184 to 187.)
(***Footnote. Gregory, Sir A.C. and F.T. 定期刊行物s of Australian 探検s Brisbane 1884 pages 34 to 36.)
(****Footnote. Ibid pages 37 to 50.)
No その上の 探検s of this section of the country were made in those years, but a good 取引，協定 of attention was bestowed upon the 地区s lying すぐに east of York and Northam. さまざまな small 探検隊／遠征隊s, 勧めるd by the 願望（する） to 安全な・保証する good land, went out, and 報告（する）／憶測d in 公正に／かなり favourable 条件 upon land that is now 存在 recognised as 構成するing some of the best cereal-producing country in the 明言する／公表する.
The 構成要素 繁栄 of the 植民地 was in some 手段 反映するd in the 進歩 made in 宗教的な and 教育の 事件／事情／状勢s. The Church of England, which in 1850 had been made an archdeaconry under the 支配（する）／統制する of the Bishop of Adelaide, was 築くd in 1856 into a bishopric, and Perth by Letters 特許 was 構成するd a cathedral town, "thereafter to be called the City of Perth."* The first Bishop, 指名するd by Bishop Short of Adelaide, was the 権利 Reverend Matthew Hale,** who had been Archdeacon since the 創立／基礎 of the bishopric in South Australia. Bishop Hale, who was not unacquainted with the 植民地, arrived in 1856, but left for England toward the end of the year and was consecrated there in March 1857. He returned, …を伴ってd by several clergymen, in 1858,*** and すぐに 始める，決める about the organisation of his diocese. The Reverend George Pownall was 任命するd Dean of Perth and the Reverend James Brown, one of the 公式の／役人 chaplains, Archdeacon. Other denominations were also 延長するing their spheres of 活動／戦闘. The Roman カトリック教徒 Church surmounted its 早期に troubles and entered upon 進歩／革新的な work, its first 地区 outside Perth 存在 that of York. The Congregational Church was 設立するd in the 植民地 in 1859, and the Wesleyans were 速く 開始する，打ち上げるing out in the manner so characteristic of that sect. 教育の 利益／興味s were fostered both by the 政府 and the さまざまな churches, and while little in the way of 第２位 education 存在するd at that time, the 本体，大部分／ばら積みの of the children were given an 適切な時期 of acquiring a knowledge of the 最初の／主要な 支配するs of 指示／教授／教育.
(*Footnote. Labouchere to Kennedy 23 May 1856 enclosing Letters 特許.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 15 January 1858.)
DEPARTURE OF GOVERNOR KENNEDY AND ARRIVAL OF DR. JS. HAMPTON.
CONVICT ADMINISTRATION.
INCIDENTS OF THE SYSTEM.
PROGRESSIVE PUBLIC WORKS POLICY.
CESSATION OF TRANSPORTATION.
EFFECTS OF THE SYSTEM REVIEWED.
The changes in the 職員／兵員 of the 政府 during the period ending with 1868 were few. The 主要な／長／主犯 was the 退職 of 知事 Kennedy in 1862 through effluxion of time. Kennedy can scarcely be said to have been a popular officer. A man of strong opinions and 決定するd will, once he had 示すd out a line of 活動／戦闘 he 追求するd his course without any regard to public favour. In this 尊敬（する）・点 he was not unlike 知事 Hutt, but it must be 認める that he had not always the same difficulties to 競う with as that gentleman. The 圧力（をかける）, which 推定では 反映するd the general public opinion of the day, considered him する権利を与えるd to "every credit for 広大な／多数の／重要な ability, and for 広大な／多数の／重要な unscrupulousness in carrying out his 計画（する）s 関わりなく public opinion however 表明するd."* And yet to 知事 Kennedy's careful 指導／手引 the 植民／開拓者s 借りがあるd the only system of land 規則s that had up to that time given anything like general satisfaction. His unpopularity seems to have been 原因（となる）d by an obnoxious Customs 法令／条例 passed in 1860,** an 告訴，告発 of 干渉，妨害 with the magistracy, a 拒絶 to spend public money on roads to the 支持する／優勝者 Bay 地雷s, and a 一般に 制限するd 政策 of public 作品. The 対立 to the Customs 行為／法令／行動する certainly had some justification, more 特に as regards those 条項s 要求するing the lightermen to enter into 激しい 社債s before 存在 許すd to 発射する／解雇する 貨物. How ill-advised was the 試みる／企てる to 圧力（をかける） a 高度に technical Customs 行為／法令／行動する upon a still but half-organised community was shown on the arrival of the first boat after the 法令／条例 was passed. No one could be 設立する to enter into 社債s,*** and その結果 the 荷を降ろすing of the ship had to be carried out by the 政府 itself. The inconvenience of such a 訴訟／進行 was manifest even to the 知事, who, when the 法案 was under consideration, had 確固に 辞退するd to 収容する／認める the 可能性 of such an occurrence, and as a result the obnoxious 条項s were 一時停止するd and afterwards 廃止するd. Captain Kennedy incurred furthe r displeasure in January 1861 by the 除去 of the 指名するs of Drummond and Lukin from the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 of the Peace. It was 一般に believed that the 活動／戦闘 was 予定 to the 反対 these 司法（官）s had against 存在 regarded as mere creatures of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある,**** an opinion which was 強化するd by the 除去 すぐに afterwards of Wallace Bickley's 指名する from the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限. Though there is not 十分な 証拠 to 証明する the truth of the 論争, there are many 指示，表示する物s that 知事 Kennedy did not 見解（をとる） independence on the part of the 治安判事s with anything like favour. That may have been 借りがあるing to the difficulty of 扱うing a 罪人／有罪を宣告する 全住民, and the 恐れる that leniency or sympathy might bring about an 増加する of 罪，犯罪, but it was certainly unwise for the 代表者／国会議員 of the 君主 to 干渉する in the 行政 of 司法（官）. In 辞退するing to spend public money ーするために 増加する the 利益（をあげる）s of a 私的な 採掘 company by 供給するing 施設s for 輸送（する） which the Company should itself have 供給するd, the 知事 せねばならない have had the support and not the 対立 of the colonists, 特に as there were many necessary public 作品 in the centres of 全住民 which could not be carried out through 欠如（する） of 基金s. Unfortunately, there 存在するd in the public mind an impression that the 政府 was not 妨害するd by any 欠如（する） of 基金s, but that the 知事 was 追求するing a 政策 of parsimony ーするために leave a 黒字／過剰 at the end of his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語, and so 安全な・保証する the credit of 存在 a successful 行政官／管理者. There certainly was a sum of about 22,000 続けざまに猛撃するs lying in the 植民地の chest in March 1861,***** notwithstanding 圧力（をかける）ing 需要・要求するs for roads, 橋（渡しをする）s, and buildings, but instead of that 存在 予定 to economy, it was brought about by the fact that so few 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were arriving that there was not 十分な 労働 to 吸収する it.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 24 January 1862.)
(**Footnote. 24 Victoria Number 5.)
(***Footnote. Inquirer 6 February 1861 Perth Gazette 8 February 1861.)
(****Footnote. Perth Gazette 4 January 1861; Inquirer 13 and 20 March 1861.)
(*****Footnote. Inquirer 27 March 1861.)
Just 事前の to leaving the 植民地 Captain Kennedy, without 捜し出すing the 許可／制裁 of the 法律を制定する 会議, authorised a 計画／陰謀 of public 作品* which far 越えるd the money in 手渡す. For this he was （刑事）被告 of unwarranted extravagance, and of 本気で 妨害するing the 操作／手術s of his 後継者. The colonists had 明らかに 決定するd to show 不賛成 of everything he did, and perhaps the real 推論する／理由 lay in the fact that he was not one of themselves. Courteous in all his 活動／戦闘s and punctilious to a degree, he never forgot, nor did he 許す anyone else to forget, that he was the 知事. （民事の）告訴s against his 行政 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system were to some extent 正当化するd. It 欠如（する）d efficiency, and was not usually in the 利益／興味s of the 植民地. In fact, all through his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 Captain Kennedy was an 皇室の officer, bent on 保存するing 皇室の 利益／興味s, and where these 衝突／不一致d with the 必要物／必要条件s of Western Australia he leaned in every 事例／患者 toward the Motherland. In this 尊敬（する）・点 he 異なるd from his 後継者, Dr. John Stephen Hampton, who arrived in the 植民地 in February 1862. Dr. Hampton had for a time been Comptroller-General of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs in Tasmania, where he had 達成するd かなりの unpopularity through 存在 a strict disciplinarian. He had a wide experience of 罪人／有罪を宣告する life, and there is no 疑問 that as regards the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system his 行政 of the 政府 of Western Australia was more successful than that of his 前任者s.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 3 June 1862 Perth Gazette 6 June 1862. Second reading of 法案 to 確認する 支出 for 1861 beyond the 量 authorised.)
The only other important 公式の／役人 change during this period (if we except the 辞職 of Captain Henderson) was in the judicial office. On the 辞職 of 裁判官 Mackie in 1857 裁判官 McFarland had been 任命するd Commissioner, and arrived 早期に in 1858. His 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office was short and not altogether 許容できる. In 1861 he 辞職するd, and was 後継するd by Mr. (afterwards Sir) Archibald Paull Burt as Commissioner of the Civil 法廷，裁判所 and 法廷，裁判所 of ４半期/4分の1 開会／開廷／会期s. すぐに after his 任命 Burt decided that under the 憲法 he had no 力／強力にする to 問題／発行する 令状s of 人身保護（令状） or certiorari.* To 会合，会う this difficulty an 法令／条例 was passed in June 1861,** creating a 最高裁判所 for the 植民地 and 任命するing Burt the first 長，指導者 司法（官）, with G.F. 石／投石する as 弁護士／代理人／検事-General and A.H. 石／投石する as Master of the 法廷，裁判所.***
(*Footnote. Ibid 12 June 1861 Inquirer 19 June 1861.)
(**Footnote. 24 Victoria Number 15.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 25 June 1861.)
The 罪人／有罪を宣告する system still continued to be one of the most important features in the history of the 植民地. In March 1861 the 国務長官 replied* to the （民事の）告訴 of the 法律を制定する 会議 関心ing the 失敗 to keep up the 供給（する） of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. He explained that while the 皇室の 政府 recognised the importance to the 植民地 of an 適する 供給（する） of 軍隊d 労働, a difficulty was created by the 限られた／立憲的な number of men who were 存在 宣告，判決d to periods of 監禁，拘置 十分に 非常に長い to 収容する／認める of transportation. The 抗議する, however, appears to have had some 影響, as from 1861 till the 停止 of the whole system in 1868 a reasonable 供給（する） was 持続するd. No 疑問 the fact that Western Australia was the only place left to which 罪人／有罪を宣告するs could be 輸送（する）d had also some 影響 in bringing about the 増加するd 供給（する）. Up to the end of 1860 the number of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 輸送（する）d to the 植民地 was 5509; from 1861 to 1868 a その上の 4212 were sent, making a total 罪人／有罪を宣告する 全住民 of 9721.
(*Footnote. Duke of Newcastle to Kennedy 15 March 1861.)
The Duke of Newcastle's 派遣（する） was 安心させるing to the 植民／開拓者s, as while it did not give any 保証（人） to send out 年一回の the thousand 罪人／有罪を宣告するs which the 法律を制定する 会議 considered the 植民地 could 吸収する, it showed that, for the time at any 率, there was no 意向 to abandon the system of transportation. There certainly had 存在するd, 地元で, a 恐れる that transportation might be abandoned, more 特に as the inhabitants of the other Australian 植民地s had 表明するd a 願望（する） that it should 中止する over the whole continent, and some of the 立法機関s had even passed 法律s to 妨げる persons who had been 罪人／有罪を宣告するs in Western Australia from coming within their 限界s. The question was referred to by the Comptroller-General in his 報告（する）／憶測 for 1860,* the 結論するing paragraph of which 明言する／公表するs:
"Some 疑問 seems still to hang over the question of the continuance of transportation to this 植民地, and it may not be irrelevant to 記録，記録的な／記録する once more that there 存在する here 施設s, and an almost certainty of success of such a system as that now in 軍隊, which in all human probability will never recur. An 広範囲にわたる 領土 with innumerable 資源s slowly but surely developing themselves, a large leaven of 解放する／自由な 植民／開拓者s anxious and willing to 協力する with the 政府 in the 進歩 of transportation as here 設立するd, necessaries of life at a reasonable price, an excellent 気候, and a 井戸／弁護士席-organised 罪人／有罪を宣告する department with all the means and 器具s necessary for the 十分な and efficient 業績／成果 of its 義務s in working a system hitherto successful, form a combination of facts which may hereafter be sought in vain."
(*Footnote. その上の correspondence on the 支配する of 罪人／有罪を宣告する discipline and transportation 8 May 1862 Cd. Paper 3170 page 10.)
The 派遣（する） from the 国務長官,* referred to above, 知らせるd the 知事 that a 委員会 of the House of ありふれたs had been 任命するd to 問い合わせ into transportation 一般に, and that the 見解（をとる） taken by the 会議 in Western Australia would doubtless be considered. This 委員会 報告（する）／憶測d in the に引き続いて May that "while the 委員会 have not thought it their 義務 to take 証拠 as to any possible changes for the 目的 of 増加するing the 供給（する） of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働 to Western Australia, they did not think it advisable to 干渉する with the 現在の 手はず／準備 for transportation to that 植民地...when Western Australia is anxious to receive such a number of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs as this country may from time to time be able to send there."**
(*Footnote. Duke of Newcastle to Kennedy 15 March 1861.)
(**Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of Select 委員会 of House of ありふれたs on Transportation 1861 Number 286 page 5 paragraph 12.)
その上の 言及／関連 was made to the 支配する in the 報告（する）／憶測 of a （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 任命するd in 1862,* with Earl Grey as chairman, to take into consideration the whole question of transportation and penal servitude. Voluminous 証拠 was taken by this （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, and a 広大な 量 of （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） regarding the 長所s of the system as carried out in Western Australia was given by Captain Kennedy, 陸軍大佐 Henderson, Dean Pownall, Major Sanford, and Captain Du 茎.** In its 報告（する）／憶測, 時代遅れの 20 June 1863, this （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 recommended that with the exception of those who were 肉体的に or さもなければ unfit, all 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 宣告，判決d to penal servitude for any 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of years should be 最終的に sent to Western Australia.*** The "肉体的に or さもなければ unfit" were defined as not fit for 手動式の 労働 or those who had been 罪人／有罪を宣告するd of unnatural 罪，犯罪s. This 制限 upon the class of man sent out was of practical value to the 植民地 in bringing about an 改良 in the morals of those 輸送（する）d. That a very dangerous element had 以前 been sent out was 明らかな from the 証拠 given before the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限. One 証言，証人／目撃する 明言する／公表するd that in 新規加入 to men 罪人／有罪を宣告するd of unnatural offences, 関心ing whose sanity there might be 疑問s, twenty-eight lunatics had been introduced, while at one time in 1861 there were more than that number of 殺害者s in Fremantle 刑務所，拘置所.****
(*Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of the Commissioners 任命するd to 問い合わせ into the 操作／手術 of the 行為／法令／行動するs relating to transportation and penal servitude 1863 Cd. Paper 6457.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 2 pages 185, 211, 215, 251, 493 and 513.)
(***Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of the Commissioners 任命するd to 問い合わせ into the 操作／手術 of the 行為／法令／行動するs relating to transportation and penal servitude 1863 Cd. Paper 6457 容積／容量 1 page 72.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 2 pages 190 to 191 Captain Kennedy Qs 2380 to 2391.)
The （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 also recommended that the system of 認めるing 条件付きの 容赦s, which had 得るd in the 植民地 up to that time, should be 廃止するd.* Strong 反対 to the system was taken by 証言，証人／目撃するs from the eastern 植民地s of Australia, who pointed out the dangers that might arise from an exodus of these men to the other more 繁栄する 植民地s. This 反対 was 大部分は sentimental, as there was little 証拠 of the reconviction of 条件付きの-容赦 men who had proceeded to Victoria or South Australia. The 推薦 was no 疑問 主として 予定 to the strong opinion 表明するd by Captain Kennedy that the practice of 認めるing these 容赦s should be discontinued, as the men were 支配する to no special 支配（する）／統制する, and it often happened that an industrious and 井戸／弁護士席-behaved 支えるもの／所有者 of a ticket-of-leave became a 確認するd loafer and parasite on 得るing his 条件付きの 容赦.**
(*Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 1 page 57.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 2 page 192 Qs 2400 to 2401.)
The question of the 知恵 of 認めるing these 容赦s had already engaged the attention of the 国務長官, who in a 派遣（する） of April 1863 had ordered the 中断 of the 特権 in the 事例／患者 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs under 宣告，判決 of twenty years or 上向きs. Later in the year it was decided to 廃止する the system altogether as far as it 関心d 罪人／有罪を宣告するs sent out after 26 September 1863,* and to 要求する that every 罪人／有罪を宣告する should remain in Western Australia under 監視 until the 完成 of his 宣告，判決. That the new system did not 会合，会う with the 是認 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs is evident from the more たびたび（訪れる） and desperate 試みる／企てるs at escape which took place after the end of 1863.
(*Footnote. Duke of Newcastle to Hampton 26 September 1863. See also 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 22 June 1864 Inquirer 29 June 1864.)
The 主要な／長／主犯 推薦 of the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限--the 採択 of 延長するd 対策 of transportation to Western Australia as a 永久の 政策--was, however, 始める，決める aside at the earnest solicitation of the eastern 植民地s.* Though somewhat disheartened by the 一時的な rebuff which the 報告（する）／憶測 of the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 gave, the 立法機関s and people of those places continued to 勧める upon the Home 当局 the 不正 accruing to the eastern part of the continent through the presence of a penal 解決／入植地 in the West. New South むちの跡s and Tasmania had cast off the 罪人／有罪を宣告する yoke; Victoria and South Australia had never come under its baleful 影響（力）; and all joined in energetic 抗議する against its continuance in any part of Australia, even though the 地元の 当局 in that part 願望（する）d it.** The arguments used in the east were not always やめる fair to Western Australia***--it is, for example, very doubtful whether the eastern 植民地s in any way 苦しむd through the presence of 条件付きの-容赦 men from the west--but the 圧倒的な moral 軍隊 展示（する）d in the 願望（する） to make Australia a 解放する／自由な, 法律-がまんするing, clean land could not fail, sooner or later, to bring about the 反対する 目的（とする）d at.
(*Footnote. Ibid 26 January 1864. See also Circular 派遣（する） to 知事s of the Australian 植民地s 26 January 1864.)
(**Footnote. Correspondence 親族 to the discontinuance of transportation 1865 Cd. Paper 11406.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 11.)
No 疑問 the 皇室の 当局 were helped to a 決定／判定勝ち（する） on this momentous 支配する by the 発見 of その上の rich pastoral land in the north, around Nickol Bay. The 地元の 当局 sought 同意 to send （製品，工事材料の）一回分s of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs to this 地区. People in the eastern 植民地s were also desirous of 安全な・保証するing land there, but 反対するd to do so while the chance remained of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 存在 草案d to it.* The 地元の 使用／適用 to send 罪人／有罪を宣告するs （機の）カム before the 国務長官 at a time when さまざまな 計画／陰謀s for a general reorganisation of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system were 存在 put 今後, and the 大臣 not only 辞退するd to assent, but 知らせるd the 植民地の 当局 that at the end of three years the whole system of transportation would 中止する.**
(*Footnote. Correspondence 親族 to the discontinuance of transportation 1865 Cd. Paper 11406 page 33 Cardwell to Hampton 26 November 1864.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
This 決定／判定勝ち（する）, so far as it 関係のある to the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働 or of persons under a penal 宣告，判決 into the newly-discovered country, met with 是認 both in England and Australia, and there is no 疑問 that it saved 知事 Hampton, who was favourable to 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働, from committing a 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な error of judgment.
かもしれない 借りがあるing to the omission to 明言する／公表する a 限定された date upon which transportation would 中止する, the 決定／判定勝ち（する） was not at first taken very 本気で in the 植民地, but the 皇室の 政府 wasted no time in showing its earnestness in the 事柄. 早期に in 1865 the House of ありふれたs was 知らせるd* that the system would come to an end in three years' time, and on May 12 the 国務長官 今後d a 派遣（する） to the 知事 明言する／公表するing: "The 現在の 意向 of the 政府 is to send out two ships 含む／封じ込めるing from 270 to 280 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, in each of the years 1865, 1866, and 1867, at the end of which transportation will 中止する.** This 意向 was duly carried into 影響, the last 大型船 to arrive with 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 存在 the Hougoumont, which reached Fremantle on 10 January 1868.
(*Footnote. Hansard third series 容積／容量 177 page 137.)
(**Footnote. Cardwell to Hampton 12 May 1865. See also Cardwell to Hampton 25 July 1865.)
When the 意向 to put a stop to transportation became known 地元で, the cry for 補償（金）--so usual when a 譲歩 is 孤立した--was すぐに raised. The Perth 議会 of 商業, with a self-信用／信任 befitting the tailors of Tooley Street, 解決するd that:
"No time should be lost in 主張するing the （人命などを）奪う，主張する of the 植民地 to 補償（金）; that 解放する／自由な 移住 at the expense of the 皇室の 政府 should be continued for ten years; that the Home 政府 should furnish a steamer for coast communication; that, as the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs have been 雇うd in the erection of buildings for their own 占領／職業, and that now when those buildings are 完全にするd we are to be 奪うd of that 労働 which should be 利用できる for roads, a 認める of 250,000 続けざまに猛撃するs, paid 毎年 in sums of 25,000 続けざまに猛撃するs, from the 皇室の 基金s, be asked for."*
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 27 January 1865.)
Outside the 議会 these requests were 扱う／治療するd with ridicule,* but at the same time serious 試みる／企てるs were made by colonists and others 利益／興味d to 安全な・保証する some 補償（金） to Western Australia for the 撤退 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. Major Sanford and Mr. Mangles interviewed the 国務長官 upon the 支配する,** but received no satisfaction beyond the 保証／確信 that the question would be considered.***
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
(**Footnote. Correspondence 親族 to the discontinuance of transportation 1865 Cd. Paper 11406 pages 51 to 53.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 53 T.F. Elliot to Mangles 6 February 1865.)
Apart from this, the 停止 of transportation appears to have come about without any 広大な／多数の／重要な demonstration on the part of the colonists. As in the beginning opinions had been 公正に／かなり 平等に divided in the 事柄 of 就任するing the system, there seemed at its の近くに to be much the same evenness of opinion as to the 知恵 of abandoning it. On the whole, perhaps the balance was in favour of the 皇室の 政府's 活動／戦闘, as many of the colonists felt that they could not derive その上の 利益 from the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, while the presence of them debarred the 植民地 from a fuller 発言する／表明する in the 管理／経営 of its own 事件／事情／状勢s. In 新規加入, public opinion on the 支配する of the 治療 of 犯罪のs 一般に was を受けるing a 激烈な change, and the 報告（する）／憶測 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する Superintendent in 1865 shows that 罪人／有罪を宣告する 公式の／役人s realised it. "Sooner or later," he says, "the 産業の 雇用 of 囚人s will be abandoned in all civilised countries, and for it will be 代用品，人d a system of comparatively short 宣告，判決s, to be passed in the strictest 独房監禁 confinement, on a 減ずるd diet, without 調書をとる／予約するs other than the Bible and a few of the best 宗教的な 作品, without the 可能性 of communication with fellow-囚人s or friends, without any of those 救済s and なぐさみs, whether physical, moral, or mental, which 構成する the 外部の 機械装置 of enjoyment, cheerfulness, and happiness to mortal man."
Though the actual transportation of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 中止するd at the beginning of 1868, years passed before the final 調整 of 事件／事情／状勢s was made between the 皇室の and 地元の 当局. One contentious 事柄 was that of the number of 解放する／自由な 移民，移住（する）s introduced at the expense of the Home 政府. によれば the 手はず／準備 made in 1850 the English 当局, in consideration of the 植民地 receiving 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, agreed to 派遣（する） an equal number of 解放する／自由な 移民，移住（する）s. For a few years 先行する 1868 this 供給（する） had not been kept up, and in July of that year the 法律を制定する 会議 任命するd a 委員会 to consider the question. By counting two children as one adult this 委員会 （機の）カム to the 結論 that only 6122 移民，移住（する）s had been introduced as against 9721 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, leaving the 皇室の 政府 still liable for a その上の 3599 解放する／自由な persons.* The 報告（する）／憶測 also （人命などを）奪う，主張するd that the dearth of farm labourers, shepherds, and 国内のs showed an 緊急の need for an 即座の 供給（する）, and asked that two emigrant ships be equipped at once by the 皇室の 政府. The 知事 今後d the 報告（する）／憶測** to the 国務長官 with a 推薦, but the only reply was one 事実上 辞退するing the request. The Home 政府 pointed out*** that the （人命などを）奪う，主張する could not be recognised, as 移民，移住（する）s who せねばならない have been 含むd were omitted, and the computation on the basis of STATUTE ADULTS was wrong. Apart from that the 植民地の Office failed to see that there was any 義務 to continue the 移住 政策, which only 供給するd that emigrants should be sent where they were 要求するd, and it was evident from the 国勢（人口）調査 returns that many of those sent to Western Australia failed to find 十分な 誘導 to remain there. 自然に this plain 声明 of fact on the part of the 国務長官 did not 会合，会う with 是認 from the colonists. In their opinion his ignorance of 地元の 条件s was deplorable, and his good 約束 was 本気で questioned.**** The 事柄, however, 残り／休憩（する）d there.
(*Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of 委員会 21 July 1868 Inquirer 5 August 1868.)
(**Footnote. Hampton to Duke of Buckingham and Chandos 13 August 1868.)
(***Footnote. Lord Granville to Weld 26 July 1869.)
(****Footnote. 先触れ（する） Fremantle 23 October 1869.)
The number of men 現実に under 支配（する）／統制する at the end of 1868 was 3158, the difference between that and the total number sent out (9721) 存在 made up of those who had served their 宣告，判決s, were out on 条件付きの 容赦, or had died. Unfortunately the sources of （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） are incomplete. Two 解雇する／砲火／射撃s amongst the 記録，記録的な／記録するs during the 早期に sixties, and the 公式の／役人 破壊 of many papers and 文書s on the 撤退 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立, have かなり 制限するd the 適切な時期s for 安全な・保証するing （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）.
The most important event in the 地元の 行政 of the system was the 辞職 早期に in 1863 of Comptroller-General E.Y.W. Henderson. He had, with one short absence on leave, controlled the system from the date of its 就任（式）／開始, and its success was no 疑問 大部分は 予定 to his 知恵 and tact.* A strict disciplinarian, he was always just, and impressed upon all who had 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs that they must regard them as men who, though they had transgressed man's 法律s, must not be regarded as やむを得ず forever without the pale. To 陸軍大佐 Henderson more than to anyone else is 予定 the fact that convictism has left so little 示す on Western Australia, and never gave rise to those horrors, so たびたび（訪れる） and appalling, that occurred in New South むちの跡s and Tasmania. Captain Newland, his 後継者, arrived in the 植民地 on 14 January 1863. With the system so 井戸／弁護士席 organised his 仕事 was not a hard one, but unfortunately continual 不一致s with 知事 Hampton made the position untenable,** and he returned to England 早期に in 1866.*** 未解決の the arrival of a 後継者, the 知事 bestowed the 事実上の／代理 任命 upon his son, Mr. G.E. Hampton.**** This gave rise to bitter 論争 and 対立. Mr. Hampton had no particular 資格s for the 地位，任命する; straightened held more than one lucrative office; and he was 本人自身で 人気がない. The general opinion was that the position should go to H.M. Lefroy; and, above all, there was the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of nepotism on the part of the 知事 伴う／関わるd.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 6 February 1863.)
(**Footnote. Hampton to 長官 Cardwell 19 October 1864, 12 April, 17 June and 9 and 19 September 1865.)
(***Footnote. Inquirer 21 February 1866; Perth Gazette 23 February 1866.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 8 May 1866.)
When to those 推論する／理由s is 追加するd the fact that high-手渡すd 訴訟／進行s 一般に on the part of the 知事 had 原因（となる）d his 早期に 人気 to 病弱な, the strong disapprobation of public, 圧力（をかける）, and 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, may be readily understood.* This was accentuated in May by the 決定／判定勝ち（する） of the 知事 to 認める his son the 宿泊するing allowance of 100 続けざまに猛撃するs per 年 to which the Comptroller-General was する権利を与えるd. As Mr. Hampton resided at 政府 House, it was not considered that he would 適用する the money to the 目的 for which it was 認めるd, "unless," wrote the Perth Gazette, "His Excellency ーするつもりであるs to 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 him rent for the rooms he 占領するs in his 住居, in which 事例／患者, of course, the 量 will be placed to the credit of the 植民地の 歳入 under the 長，率いる of Miscellaneous 領収書s.** That, as a result of the feeling 陳列する，発揮するd, 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s of inefficiency should be continually 勧めるd against Mr. Hampton was only to be 推定する／予想するd. Probably many of them were the result of this, and had no basis of justification, but there is no 疑問 that the efficiency of the system 苦しむd under his 支配（する）／統制する and the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs chafed more under 抑制. 試みる／企てるd escapes became more 非常に／多数の, 予定 partly to sending out on road-parties men who せねばならない have been kept in durance at Fremantle, and partly to the fact that 井戸／弁護士席-behaved 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were for trivial offences consigned to the chaingangs. During the eight months ending March 1867, over ninety 試みる／企てるs at escape were 記録，記録的な／記録するd***--more than three times the number of any previous period of the same length.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 2 and 9 May 1866; Perth Gazette 4 May 1866.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 1 June 1866.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 22 March 1867.)
証拠 of the want of 知恵 in the 任命 and of inefficiency on the part of Mr. Hampton were not wanting. 告訴，告発s of tyranny and 圧迫 were made which the perusal of the 前科s of the period seem to 耐える out. その上の, the Board of Visiting 治安判事s, the only 保護 against officialdom which the 囚人s 所有するd, was 廃止するd in March 1867, and the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were left without any 是正する from the 活動／戦闘s of the Comptroller-General except the 権利 of 控訴，上告 to the 知事. Unfortunately this 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s, which in some ways calls to mind Tasmanian methods, did not long continue. The 皇室の 政府 reproved the 知事 for making the 任命, and 任命するd Mr. Wakefield to the position. This officer arrived in May 1867, and assumed 義務 at once, making 即座の 調査s into the circumstances under which special 罰s had been given, and remitting many of them, at the same time 大いに 減ずるing the chaingang. The system so carefully built up by 陸軍大佐 Henderson, and which had 証明するd so successful, was, in fact, quickly 逆戻りするd to, and the 原因（となる） of 不満 除去するd.
The period 1861 to 1868 was one of 際立った 進歩 as regards public 作品. 操作／手術s in this direction had somewhat languished during the previous couple of years, おもに on account of the fact that 罪人／有罪を宣告するs in 十分な numbers to keep 作品 going had not been 来たるべき. It was also said by the colonists, though without 推論する／理由, that 知事 Kennedy was 延期するing the construction of necessary buildings ーするために leave behind him a 満足な credit balance. It will be remembered that as an answer to that 告訴，告発 Captain Kennedy, just before leaving the 植民地, authorised public 作品 to an extent which not only 吸収するd all the money then 利用できる, but so ear-示すd 見込みのある 基金s as to make the 仕事 of 会合 expenses during the next couple of years somewhat hard for his 後継者. In fact 知事 Hampton 設立する himself not only unable to authorise new 作品 for 1862, but had to 服従させる／提出する 対策 for legalising 25,375 続けざまに猛撃するs unauthorised 支出 on the part of his 前任者.* In 辞退するing requests for new 作品, he 保証するd the colonists that he would use every endeavour to （判決などを）下す 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働 利用できる for 純粋に 植民地の work. To that end he 増加するd the numbers 雇うd upon public buildings and 改善するd the lines of road between さまざまな centres, so that, 権利 up to the end of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 政権, the 囚人s were 雇うd with かなりの advantage upon 作品 of 永久の value to the 植民地 itself. Doctor Hampton 証明するd himself in that direction a most 有能な 行政官／管理者, and would have received nothing but 賞賛する but for the fact that the 雇用 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs meant the abandonment of 私的な 契約s, and その結果 did not 会合，会う with 全世界の／万国共通の 是認.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 3 June 1862 Perth Gazette 6 June 1862.)
With 1868 the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system （機の）カム to an end. Reviewing it as a whole must be 認める that from a 構成要素 見地 it conferred 継続している advantages upon Western Australia. Public 作品 were 築くd, lines of communication opened, and shipping 施設s 供給するd which the colonists themselves could not かもしれない have procured, having neither the 労働 nor the money. The impulse given brought about results which without 罪人／有罪を宣告するs Western Australia could not have 達成するd after years of struggling. 約束 in the 植民地 was 強化するd by the presence of those large sums of money which the system 分配するd, and general 繁栄 made itself felt with the wider market thus 供給するd. From these points of 見解（をとる） transportation was an undoubted success, and though it is not perhaps possible to say the same from a moral 見地, the passage of time has 証明するd that whatever moral taint 存在するd was 単に evanescent in character. The 対抗者s of the system 非難するd it for every 調印する of moral 悪化／低下 and physical degeneracy that appeared; for the 増加する in drunkenness, 罪，犯罪, and lunacy--for, in fact, all those evils which were という評判の to follow in the train of transportation. But 統計（学） 証明する that the 罪人／有罪を宣告する was little more （麻薬）常用者d to drink than the 解放する／自由な man; that serious 罪，犯罪 has never been an 優れた feature of Western Australia; and that the 植民地 was held, and still 持つ／拘留するs, a lower 百分率 of insane and imbecile than some of the other Australian 明言する／公表するs.* Improvidence was certainly a 示すd feature in the lives of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 満了する／死ぬs, and raised a 恐れる that the 植民地 might in the long run have to 支払う／賃金 dearly for the 現在の help. In a 手段 this was true, and there are still some few receiving 政府 援助. But, on the other 手渡す, many men were 埋め立てるd to society, and after 完全にするing their 宣告，判決s became 所有するd of a competence and raised themselves once again to 尊敬（する）・点d positions in life. Even Mr. Willoughby, who at the request of the Argus 診察するd the 条件s 存在するing in 1864, and who could scarcely be said to look upon the system with a favourable or unprejudiced 注目する，もくろむ, 認める that a 訪問者 saw little that was exceptional.** Captain Du 茎 told Earl Grey's 委員会 in 1863*** that even then no moral 影響（力） of an injurious character was 明らかな in the 植民地. Even if there were it was not 永久の in 影響, for no one else will （人命などを）奪う，主張する that any moral 悪化／低下 存在するs in the Western Australia of today. Of course there does 存在する the fact that Western Australian history has been tainted by a 罪人／有罪を宣告する period--and no 構成要素 繁栄 that 続いて起こるd at the time will ever efface the stain. At that price all that accrued was dearly 購入（する）d.
(*Footnote. 連邦／共和国 Year 調書をとる／予約する Number 12 page 898.)
(**Footnote. Transportation: the British 罪人／有罪を宣告する in Western Australia London 1865 page 9.)
(***Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of Select 委員会 on Transportation etc. 1863 容積／容量 2 page 213 Q. 2710.)
OPENING UP THE NORTH-WEST.
TRADE AND INDUSTRY.
NATIVE TROUBLES.
AGITATION FOR REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT.
Perhaps the most important 段階 in the history of Western Australia during the sixties was the attention paid to 探検, more 特に of that 部分 of the 領土 lying northward of Geraldton to which the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 The North-West is popularly 適用するd. Beyond the 調査するs of King and the incidental notices of earlier 航海士s, little was known of that part of the 植民地, and it was therefore 必然的な that the 願望（する）, 明らかに inherent in the British, to 調査する the unknown--一般に in the hope of 構成要素 利益（をあげる）--should find vent in that direction.
In 1860 F.T. Gregory, then in London, 安全な・保証するd through the 王室の Geographical Society the 是認 of the 植民地の Office to a 提案 for the 探検 of the northern part of the 植民地, 2000 続けざまに猛撃するs of the expense to be borne by the 皇室の 政府 and the 残りの人，物, 概算の at another 2000 続けざまに猛撃するs, by the 植民地.* Upon his return in January 1861 Gregory 適用するd to the 地元の 政府 for a 認める に向かって the cost of the 探検隊／遠征隊. He pointed out that it was their 意向 to land in Nickol Bay and 調査する the country inland from that point; that 手はず／準備 had been made for the 職員／兵員 of the 探検隊／遠征隊 and the 供給（する） of horses, and that he himself was 充てるing 250 続けざまに猛撃するs に向かって the expenses. The 量 要求するd from the 政府 was 1350 続けざまに猛撃するs, and this 量 was 投票（する）d by the 法律を制定する 会議.**
(*Footnote. Under 長官 Fortescue to Kennedy 26 October 1860 with enclosure from 王室の Geographical Society 24 August 1860.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 16 January 1861 Perth Gazette 25 January 1861.)
手はず／準備 having been made, the party, which consisted of F.T. Gregory (leader) J. Turner (second in 命令（する）) E. Brockman, W.S. Hall, J. McCourt, and A. James, sailed on 23 April 1861, in the barque イルカ, for Nickol Bay. At 支持する／優勝者 Bay they were joined by Maitland Brown, P. Walcott, and J. Harding. From Gregory's 定期刊行物* we learn that he landed 近づく the mouth of the Maitland River, and followed the river to its rise in the 範囲s. Crossing the watershed he turned southwards, 訴訟／進行 until he reached the Fortescue River, a few miles below Millstream, a 地区 示すd by rough and precipitous 範囲s. Still continuing to the south, he crossed the Hamersley 範囲 and followed the Hardey River to its junction with the Ashburton, and from that position he sighted 開始する Augustus and the Lyons, which he had visited on a previous trip up the Gascoyne. Retracing his steps up the Ashburton, he 公式文書，認めるd the excellent pastoral country on 明らかにするing 負かす／撃墜するs, and then turned eastward 支援する through the Hamersley 範囲, crossing the headwaters of Yule and Shaw Rivers, now known as the Nullagine. This he traced to its junction with the Oakover, which, in turn, he followed to its source 近づく 開始する McPherson. In this waterless 領土 he got into difficulties, and but for the superior 力／強力にするs of endurance of Maitland Brown would probably have 死なせる／死ぬd of かわき. On his return to the coast Gregory 示すd on the 計画（する） the 罰金 areas of pastoral country on the De Grey and lower Yule, the 幅の広い Sherlock Plains, and that 罰金 stretch of 火山の country between the Sherlock and Roebourne on the Harding River, and also その上の west across the Nickol to the Maitland River. Then, after a trip of six months, as the 天候 was getting hot and the water 不十分な, he returned to Fremantle, arriving there about the middle of November. Gregory had thus 調査するd 事実上 the whole stretch of country unfavourably commented upon by King and Stokes, and so far from finding it hopelessly barren 証明するd it to be 有能な of 広大な／多数の／重要な 開発. The rivers Ashburton, Fortescue, De Grey, and Oakover were fresh, and carried fish far inland; excellent land was discovered, of which over 2 million acres were suitable for grazing 目的s and 200,000 for 熱帯の 農業;** in 新規加入, numbers of pearls and many トンs of pearl 爆撃する were 安全な・保証するd from the neighbourhood of Nickol Bay.***
(*Footnote. Gregory, Sir A.C. and F.T. 定期刊行物s of Australian 探検s pages 52 et seq.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 296.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
The 報告（する）／憶測 attracted かなりの attention, not only from the 主要な 植民／開拓者s in the 植民地 itself, but from many 無断占拠者s in Victoria and South Australia, who, like all colonists of the eastern 明言する／公表するs, had 以前 looked upon Western Australia as for the most part a barren 砂漠, with here and there patches of fair arable and pastoral land.*
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 14 February 1862.)
The 開拓する of 解決／入植地 was Walter Padbury.* He 安全な・保証するd from Gregory a 限定された 表現 of opinion to the 影響 that the north-west was a stony country not so fertile as Queensland, but far beyond the 普通の／平均（する） in the settled 地区s of Western Australia, and afforded a fair prospect of success to judicious 植民／開拓者s. 納得させるd that the country was at least 価値（がある） a 裁判，公判, Padbury 適用するd to the 政府 for special 譲歩s. This 使用／適用 directed the attention of the 当局 to the necessity for special land 規則s, which were accordingly 用意が出来ている,** and with the 是認 of the 国務長官*** （機の）カム into 操作／手術 at the beginning of 1863.**** These 適用するd to two 地区s 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d それぞれ the North and the East. The North 地区 構成するd all that part of the 植民地 lying north of the Murchison River and of a line drawn 予定 east to the 境界 through the 首脳会議 of 開始する Murchison. The East 地区 was 構成するd of the country lying east of the meridian 121 degrees east longitude and south of latitude 30 degrees south. The lands were divided into two classes. Class A 含むd the islands off the coast and all 本土／大陸 within two miles of the sea, while class C 構成するd the 残りの人，物. Class A land could be held only on 年次の licence, but land in class C could be 安全な・保証するd on pastoral 賃貸し（する） for eight years. ーするために encourage 解決／入植地, the 政府 申し込む／申し出d to persons 願望（する）ing to settle in these 地区s 解放する／自由な pasturage for twelve months. During this time they could select land to the extent of 100,000 acres which they were 許すd to 占領する 解放する／自由な of rent for a その上の three years, and after that under the ordinary 条件s for an 付加 eight years. A その上の 譲歩 was made in July 1864,***** when a remission of rent on 100,000 acres was 申し込む／申し出d to the first person who drove 在庫／株 from any part of Western Australia (not within the northern 地区) to any other part 据えるd to the north of the Tropic of Capricorn. The 反対する of this was to 設立する, if p ossible, an 陸路の 大勝する between the settled 地区s in the south-west and the newly-opened northern areas.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 8 April 1863.)
(**Footnote. Hampton to Duke of Newcastle 19 July 1862.)
(***Footnote. Duke of Newcastle to Hampton 20 October 1862.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 23 December 1862.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 26 July 1864.)
So far the 規則s had dealt only with leaseholds, but in January 1865* a new 始める，決める was 問題／発行するd 取引，協定ing with the sale, letting, 処分, and 占領／職業 of waste 栄冠を与える lands within the northern 地区, and also for the sale and letting of mineral lands 一般に, auriferous land and coal 対策 存在 excepted. Under these 規則s the first 150,000 acres selected were to be sold at a price of 7 shillings per acre, but if not 購入（する）d within twelve months then the price was to be raised to 10 shillings per acre or whatever happened to be the 最小限 price 設立するd in the 植民地 一般に. 使用／適用s for country lands had to be for 80 acres or some 多重の thereof, and purchasers of 160 acres or more could 得る a town allotment of half an acre at the same price. The most pertinent 条項 in the whole 規則s was the に引き続いて: "No 罪人／有罪を宣告する or person 持つ／拘留するing a ticket-of-leave, or person under 宣告，判決 or order of transportation or of penal servitude, shall be introduced or 許すd to remain within the northern 部分 of the 領土 of Western Australia to which these 規則s 適用する."** This was 含むd by direction of the 国務長官, in spite of the opinion of 知事 Hampton, at the request of 植民／開拓者s both in Western Australia and the eastern 植民地s.*** Lands みなすd to be mineral lands, those 耐えるing gold or coal excepted, were 申し込む／申し出d at 3 続けざまに猛撃するs per acre in lots of not いっそう少なく than 80 acres. They could also be 安全な・保証するd on 年一回の licence at a 料金 of not いっそう少なく than 8 続けざまに猛撃するs, or on 賃貸し（する） for periods up to ten at a 賃貸しの of 8 shillings per acre.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 20 January 1865.)
(**Footnote. 規則s section 26.)
(***Footnote. Hampton to 長官 Cardwell 24 June 1864; Murdoch (移住 Board) to T.F. Elliot 2 November 1864; 長官 Cardwell to Hampton 26 November 1864. These are printed in Cd. Paper 11406 1865. Correspondence 親族 to the discontinuance of transportation.)
While on the 支配する of land 規則s it may be について言及するd that the 規則s 影響する／感情ing the 植民地 一般に were 支配するd to 改正 about this time. It was felt that those でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd in 1860 had not 証明するd 完全に 満足な, and 要求するd some alteration. The question was remitted by the 法律を制定する 会議 in August 1863 to a 委員会, which 報告（する）／憶測d in the に引き続いて month. The 推薦s were, すぐに,* that mineral lands should be sold at a 最小限 of 5 続けざまに猛撃するs per acre in 封鎖するs of not いっそう少なく than 80 acres, 1 続けざまに猛撃する per acre of the 購入（する） money to be paid on 是認 and the balance in 年次の instalments of 1 続けざまに猛撃する per acre; that in regard to general land 条件s, owners of 料金-simple 認めるs should be 許すd 解放する／自由な pasturage for 在庫／株 over the surrounding waste lands to the extent of one 長，率いる for every ten acres; that at the 満期 of the 賃貸し（する） of class B land, the lessee should have a preferential （人命などを）奪う，主張する to a 再開. These 示唆するd 改正s were 今後d to the 国務長官 for his consideration, and, in the 合間, the 農業の societies were asked to 表明する their opinions. The 主要な／長／主犯 suggestions from these** were a 権利 of 再開 for a その上の eight years of 満了する／死ぬing 賃貸し（する）s of class B land, and a readjustment of the 境界s of the lands 構成するd in class A. They also asked that mineral lands should be 賃貸し（する）d at 2 shillings per acre for the first year and 3 shillings afterwards, with a 権利 of 購入（する） in 100 acre 封鎖するs at the end of two years for 2 続けざまに猛撃するs per acre. 最終的に the suggestions of the 委員会 were in the main 可決する・採択するd by the 政府, and the new 規則s, 認可するd by the 国務長官, were gazetted in August 1864.*** As regards mineral lands they were the same as those について言及するd above, which were 可決する・採択するd in 1865 for the northern areas.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 30 September 1863.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 15 January 1864.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 24 August 1864.)
But to return to the 解決／入植地 of the North-West. With characteristic foresight, 心配するing favourable 譲歩s in the 規則s, W. Padbury procured 在庫／株 from the east toward the end of 1862 and made 十分な 手はず／準備 to enter upon the 仕事 of 開拓するing in the new 地区. 早期に in 1863 he 購入（する）d a small 大型船, the Mystery, to 持続する communication between Fremantle and Nickol Bay, and also 借り切る／憲章d the Tien-Tsin to 伝える his party and the 在庫／株 to their 目的地.* The Mystery, with C.C. 追跡（する） and J. Turner on board, left Fremantle on 4 April** and proceeded slowly up the coast, taking soundings in さまざまな harbours as they went. The Tien-Tsin followed on the 24th, with Padbury, Samson, Ridley, McCourt, Nairn, Brown, Jones, Swift, and five natives, and carrying the consignment of 在庫／株--11 horses, 6 bullocks, and 540 sheep.*** 追跡（する） and Turner, having 設立する that the mouth of the De Grey did not 供給する a suitable 上陸-place for 在庫／株, selected one to the west of the De Grey and 指名するd it Tien-Tsin Harbour. The animals having been 安全に landed, the surrounding 地区 was searched without success for 満足な pasturage. Padbury then, with Captain Jarman, and Samson, Turner, and Nairn, proceeded 負かす／撃墜する the Harding, and leaving the party there returned to Fremantle in the Tien-Tsin.****
(*Footnote. Inquirer 8 April 1863.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. Inquirer 29 April 1863.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 3 June 1863 報告（する）／憶測 by Padbury; Perth Gazette 29 May.)
The 大型船 sailed again for Nickol Bay with その上の 在庫／株 in June. This was under the care of McCourt, who proceeded to look for the first party.* After some time it was 設立する that they had moved to the De Grey River and 設立するd a 解決／入植地 there.** The next 無断占拠者 to settle in the north was J. Wellard, who was …を伴ってd by S. Hall, H. Logue, W. Scott, and others.*** In May 1863, K. Brown, S. Hamersley, A. Brown, B. Clarkson, F. Pearce, and Dr. ツバメ 借り切る／憲章d the 飛行機で行くing 泡，激怒すること and left Fremantle for Camden Harbour and the Glenelg. They sailed up the river as far as the 早いs--about twenty-eight miles--and there landed the 蓄える／店s and 器具／備品. In July K. Brown, Clarkson, and Dr. ツバメ, with five horses, 始める，決める out for Camden Harbour, which they reached without difficulty. The country 横断するd was, they 報告（する）／憶測d, a very 罰金 one, with 豊富 of grass and water. Later in the month a second party went さらに先に up the river in boats. They experienced some trouble with the natives, and had to use their 小火器 to 脅す them away. This was the country which Grey had 報告（する）／憶測d as の中で the finest in the world, with grass so high that he could not see over it. The later explorers not only 確認するd the opinion 表明するd by Grey, but considered he had not done 司法（官） to the luxuriance of the grass.****
(*Footnote. Ibid 24 June and 1 July 1863.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 23 September 1863.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 12 August 1863.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 2 September 1863 報告（する）／憶測 of 探検隊／遠征隊.)
Ridley, one of the 初めの party which …を伴ってd the Padbury, was a 政府 surveyor, 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d with the 義務 of making a 十分な 報告（する）／憶測 to the 政府. This 報告（する）／憶測 was couched in such favourable language* that it led to other 試みる／企てるs to find good squatting areas in the north.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 30 September 1863 含む／封じ込めるing Ridley's 報告（する）／憶測 時代遅れの 21 September 1863.)
In September 1863 C. 出身の Bibra selected a large tract of land on the Gascoyne River,* and by the end of the year there were three runs of 100,000 acres each 存在 在庫／株d in the newly opened areas. In January 1864 a 無断占拠者 from Victoria 適用するd for a 賃貸し（する） of Dirk Hartog Island,** which was said to 含む／封じ込める over 200,000 acres of good feeding ground with excellent water. Maitland Brown, about the same time, proceeded to Shark Bay and 設立するd a 駅／配置する in the neighbourhood of Freycinet Harbour.*** In March,**** Withnall sailed for Nickol Bay in the Sea Ripple with 650 sheep, 5 horses, and 2 cows, and took up a その上の large area, while a month or two later the Burges brothers tried the 地区 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Exmouth 湾. This 証明するing barren, they moved on to the Gascoyne River.***** Thus not only was 広範囲にわたる 解決／入植地 訴訟／進行 along the north-west coast, but it was 存在 設立するd in such a manner as to 供給する links of communication with the older settled 地区s and make an 陸路の 大勝する practicable.
(*Footnote. Ibid 23 September 1863.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 27 January 1864.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 30 March 1864.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 22 June 1864.)
The 成果／努力s of Padbury, Wellard, and Withnall were by this time showing 調印するs of success, and the arrival at Fremantle in August 1864* of the first wool-clip--seven bales--had the 影響 of 設立するing 信用／信任 in the 可能性s of the 領土. Unfortunately, carried away by the 願望（する） to become rich quickly and with little exertion, and dazzled by the 政府's 自由主義の land 規則s, many others made 試みる／企てるs to settle, but without the success that …に出席するd the endeavours of the hardier and more experienced men.
(*Footnote. Ibid 17 August 1864.)
Another 探検隊／遠征隊 went to Exmouth 湾 and Camden Harbour in 1864 as the result of a tale 循環させるd by a 罪人／有罪を宣告する 指名するd Wildman.* This man, who at one time had been a ship's officer, 明言する／公表するd that while 修理ing his ship 近づく Camden Harbour in 1856 he had made a trip up a river and there 安全な・保証するd gold to the value of 416 続けざまに猛撃するs, which he had afterwards sold in Liverpool. He 申し込む／申し出d to 公表する／暴露する the locality 供給するd the 政府 would, when the story was 確認するd, remit the 宣告，判決 of fifteen years which he was then を受けるing. The mere について言及する of gold was 十分な to rouse public excitement, and an 探検隊／遠征隊 was 速く equipped to 実験（する） Wildman's story. To this the 政府, after, it is said, 実験（する）ing the truth of the story as regards selling the gold, 与える／捧げるd 150 続けざまに猛撃するs. Dr. ツバメ was （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限d to 行為／法令／行動する as Surveyor and Botanist, and the leadership was given to the 視察官 of Police, Panter, who took with him Turner, Stokes, Langoulant, F. and H. Caporn, Scott, and Du Boulay, 同様に as Wildman and a couple of natives.** As might have been 推定する／予想するd under the circumstances, no trace of gold was discovered. Wildman either could not or would not divulge the locality where he had 以前 設立する it, and 独立した・無所属 search by the party 証明するd 不成功の. In other 尊敬（する）・点s, however, the trip was not without result. The surrounding country was carefully 検査／視察するd, and on the way 支援する Panter called at Roebuck Bay and made その上の 探検s. In his 報告（する）／憶測 he spoke very favourably of that country, pointing out that there were thousands of acres of excellent pasturage, and that water was easily obtainable at a depth of a few feet.*** Dr. ツバメ was even more explicit and pronounced. Vegetation, he said, was luxuriant; animals, birds, and fish abundant; pearl oysters plentiful; and, above all, millions of acres of good pastoral country were 利用できる.****
(*Footnote. Ibid 27 January 1864.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 2 March 1864.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 8 June 1864. See also 問題／発行する of 15 June.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 22 June 1864 Dr. ツバメ's 報告（する）／憶測.)
The 結果 of these 報告（する）／憶測s was the 形式 of the Roebuck Bay Pastoral and 農業の 協会,* which sent 今後 a party with 在庫／株 to Roebuck Bay, where a suitable 場所 was 安全な・保証するd, and 付加 在庫／株 procured from Fremantle. After its arrival the party decided to go さらに先に afield in the hope of discovering 付加 pastoral country, and on 9 November 1864, Panter, Harding, and Goldwyer, members of the party, left （軍の）野営地，陣営 with the 反対する of 調査するing the country toward Lagrange Bay. They had 準備／条項s 十分な for about three weeks, and when that time passed without their return Burges became somewhat anxious for their safety. He 跡をつけるd them as far as a mangrove 押し寄せる／沼地 in Lagrange Bay, but there lost all trace of them. When the Nile left Roebuck Bay 早期に in January 1865, they were still 行方不明の.** When the news was received in Perth a search-party was すぐに organised by the 政府, and 指示／教授／教育s given to the leader (Maitland Brown) to search 完全に the whole country between Roebuck Bay and Padbury's 場所 on the De Grey.*** The party, which, in 新規加入 to the leader, 構成するd Burges, Francisco, Williams, D. Brown, and two native policemen, left at once in the Clarence packet, and on arrival at Roebuck Bay 急落（する），激減（する）d straightway into the bush. In a little while they learnt from some natives that three white men and four horses had been seen some three months before by the Wargnarry tribe at the River Boola Boola. The 密告者s went on to say that the white men slept by the river and on the next day were attacked by natives, whom they 後継するd in 撃退するing without 傷害 to themselves. The に引き続いて night the 黒人／ボイコットs, in stronger 軍隊, made another attack, in the course of which the whites were 負傷させるd, though not 本気で, but over a dozen of their adversaries were killed. Knowing that Panter and his companions were 負傷させるd, the natives appeared with その上の 増強s soon after daybreak, and by 圧倒的な 軍隊 of numbers speared and clubbed the unfortunate w 攻撃する，衝突する men to death. As the same story was told by other natives, two of them were 掴むd and ordered to 行為／行う the search-party to the scene. After 主要な the party astray they 試みる／企てるd to escape, and were 発射 by the native policemen. Finally, Brown was rewarded by finding the 団体／死体s at Lake Ingedana, in Lagrange Bay. Nothing had been stolen, showing the 行為／法令／行動する to have been one of 残虐な 殺人 to 満足させる the savage lust for 血. From Panter's diary it was evident that they were killed on 13 November, only four days after leaving the 解決／入植地. While returning with the 団体／死体s, Brown's party was followed by large numbers of natives, and on one occasion had to fight its way through an 待ち伏せ／迎撃する--with 悲惨な results to the 黒人／ボイコットs.**** This 悲劇 does not seem to have deterred 解決／入植地 to any かなりの extent.
(*Footnote. Ibid 3 August 1864 prospectus.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 10 February 1865 抽出する from 定期刊行物 of L.C. Burges.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 10 and 17 February 1865.)
(****Footnote. Perth Gazette 12 May 1865.)
An exhaustive 小冊子 on the 資源s of the 地区, 用意が出来ている by the Surveyor-General (Captain J.S. 魚の卵) probably had some 影響（力） in directing attention to the North-West.* 植民／開拓者s from Victoria and South Australia 決定するd to try their fortunes there. The Camden Harbour Pastoral 協会 限られた／立憲的な was formed in Melbourne with a 資本／首都 of 20,000 続けざまに猛撃するs.** The 反対する of the 協会 was "to settle the very superior 井戸／弁護士席-watered pastoral and 農業の country 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Camden Harbour by placing one 長，率いる of cattle on every 1000 acres." With the 20,000 続けざまに猛撃するs the promoters 推定する／予想するd to 安全な・保証する 4 million acres of land and 4000 産む／飼育するing cattle to 在庫／株 it. Each 株 する権利を与えるd the 支えるもの／所有者 to a passage to Camden Harbour, rations for twelve months, a 賃貸し（する） of 20,000 acres for twelve years (the first four rent 解放する／自由な) and twenty 長，率いる of cattle. The Company （人命などを）奪う，主張するd to have a preemptive 権利 over the area 賃貸し（する）d.*** This, of course, was a 審議する／熟考する misstatement, as the land 規則s gave no 特権 of the 肉親，親類d. The promoters were evidently of opinion that a prospectus should be glowing rather than truthful. The 長官 その上の 明言する／公表するd to a 会合 of those 利益／興味d that 植民／開拓者s could go 支援する 270 miles from the coast, forty miles of which was on the sea 味方する of the 範囲s.**** The 存在 of 山地の country の近くに to the coast was 静かに ignored. Probably the directors thought that anyone going there could find out such small 事柄s for himself. That public 利益／興味 throughout Australia was roused is shown by the fact that by the end of 1864 seventy-three 使用／適用s had been made by Victorians for land in the Camden Harbour 地区. Each applicant 要求するd 100,000 acres and 約束d to place from 40 to 150 sheep upon it. It is a pity that so much enthusiasm should have been wasted on a movement doomed to 失敗.
(*Footnote. This 小冊子 was published at Perth in 1864 and the gist of it is given in the Inquirer 31 August 1864.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 20 July 1864 prospectus.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
(****Footnote. Melbourne 先触れ（する） 29 July 1864.)
The first 株主s in the 協会 left Melbourne in November 1864, and arrived at Camden Harbour in the に引き続いて month, the most forbidding time of the year. All the country 一連の会議、交渉／完成する was parched and burnt; the tall, waving grass had disappeared, water was almost unobtainable, and a 猛烈な／残忍な sun （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域 負かす／撃墜する upon them with a most 激しい heat. 存在 young and sturdy, they 始める，決める about 改善するing their position at once. Some of them struck out for the Glenelg, and were surprised, and not a little disappointed, to find that it was a 潮の river. On the way 支援する they were fortunate enough to discover a small pool of fresh water, and on arrival at the Harbour learnt that an excellent spring had been discovered.*
(*Footnote. Inquirer 26 April 1865 報告（する）／憶測 from R.J. Sholl 政府 居住（者） 時代遅れの 17 March 1865.)
By the end of December two other 大型船s with a large number of 植民／開拓者s and some 4000 長，率いる of 在庫／株 put in an 外見. The only pasturage was that 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Murray's spring, and was 全く insufficient. 追加するd to the scarcity of water, some 病気 occurred の中で the 在庫／株. The sheep died in hundreds from some unknown 原因（となる）, かもしれない an unrecorded 毒（薬） 少しのd. To save the 残余 a move was made さらに先に inland to good 乾燥した，日照りの grass and abundant water. The 熱帯の rains, too, made their 外見, and luxuriant grass sprang up like 魔法. Nothing, however, seemed to 少なくなる the 増加するing mortality の中で the sheep. Hooley and others 調査するd toward the north-east along Prince Regent's River, but could not find a more suitable 場所. While grass was abundant and the scenery majestic, the locality was altogether too rough for pastoral 目的s. By the end of March little more than one-fourth of their 在庫／株 was alive.*
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
Other 原因（となる）s, too, 連合させるd to make the men dispirited and to bring about total 失敗 of the 試みる／企てる at 解決／入植地. Three died within a few days of their arrival. One of the ships, the Calliance, struck a 暗礁 on the way to Camden Harbour, and was only saved with difficulty. When she arrived at her 目的地 the 勝利，勝つd drove her の上に another 暗礁, and she became a total 難破させる, the captain losing his life in an 試みる／企てる to 安全な・保証する 援助. In 直面する of all these hardships it is no wonder that many of the 植民／開拓者s took the first 適切な時期 to leave the 地区. During January and February seventy-two 出発／死d, and many of the others remained only till they could manage to get away.*
(*Footnote. Inquirer 26 April 1865 R.J. Sholl's 報告（する）／憶測 of 17 March 1865.)
The 可能性 of a 永久の 解決／入植地 存在 影響d induced 知事 Hampton to 任命する さまざまな 公式の／役人s to 演習 支配（する）／統制する within its 限定するs.* R.J. Sholl was 任命するd 居住（者） 治安判事, with his son as clerk; and, in 新規加入, a surveyor, a 外科医, a customs officer, and three policemen. Sholl reached his sphere of 義務 早期に in 1865, and his 報告（する）／憶測 of the 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s was anything but complimentary to the Camden Harbour 協会. The members of the 協会 who were on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す were, he considered, a good type of individual, but they 欠如（する）d all knowledge of bushcraft and of 管理／経営. There was no leader, no 協定 of the 蓄える／店s or 解決／入植地, with the result that every man was doing as he pleased, and the 準備／条項s were left lying on the beach at the mercy of the sun, 勝利，勝つd, and tides. The sheep which might have been saved were neglected through ignorance, and no 試みる／企てる made to 保護物，者 them from the 熱帯の heat or the 熱帯の rains. As to the country itself, Sholl considered it to be very deceptive; while it appeared to be excellently grassed and in every way suitable for pastoral 目的s, it really consisted of a 一連の rocky knolls, so covered with verdure that the stony nature was hidden. The 広大な／多数の／重要な extent of fertile country seen from 開始する Lookover, he said, "consisted おもに of grass-covered 石／投石するs."*
(*Footnote. Inquirer 26 April 1865 R.J. Sholl's 報告（する）／憶測 26 April 1865.)
納得させるd that the 投機・賭ける had no chance of 後継するing, the 知事 教えるd the 居住（者） 治安判事 to 補助装置 those remaining to get away if they could not 供給する 基金s for their own passages.* In this way numbers were 除去するd to Fremantle or eastern ports. Some, however, desirous of making その上の 成果／努力s, 嘆願（書）d for 許可 to 交流 their land for 選択s in the Nickol Bay 地区, and as a result something like 300,000 acres of 付加 country was 追加するd to that already selected in this area.**
(*Footnote. Ibid 3 May 1865.)
(*Footnote. Ibid 10 May 1865.)
So much for the fortunes of the Camden Harbour Pastoral 協会. A 失敗 from the very start, it had 中止するd to 存在する in May 1865,* though it was not finally abandoned by the 政府 居住（者） until the に引き続いて October. Within a year it had 廃虚d most of those who had 乗る，着手するd upon it, had been 責任がある the deaths of several, and had cost the Western Australian 政府 over 5000 続けざまに猛撃するs.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 26 July 1865 R.J. Sholl's 報告（する）／憶測 20 May 1865.)
存在 事実上 解放する／自由なd from 公式の／役人 義務s, Sholl 雇うd the time between May and October in 調査するing the 地区. During April he made a trip to the south of the Glenelg, finding the country to be mostly of a rocky nature, with precipitous hills, but with grass everywhere, and here and there 指示，表示する物s of gold. His 進歩 was stopped by the Leopold 範囲s. Soon after his return to the （軍の）野営地，陣営 the Harbour was visited by a (n)艦隊／(a)素早い of Malay proas and canoes, 含む／封じ込めるing about 300 men. The visit 明らかに was for the 目的 of 安全な・保証するing natives as slaves.*
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
満足させるd that nothing その上の was to be 伸び（る）d by staying at Camden Harbour, Sholl abandoned it on October 29* and sailed with all his party for Port Walcott, Nickol Bay, in the Kestrel. On his way he stopped for a few days at Roebuck Bay, and sent Cowle, the Assistant Surveyor, with some of the party, to proceed 陸路の to Port Walcott. On his arrival there Cowle 報告（する）／憶測d that for the most part the country was 井戸／弁護士席 grassed and suitable for pastoral 目的s.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 12 January 1866 補足（する） Sholl's 報告（する）／憶測 2 December 1865.)
Another 協会, formed すぐに after the Camden Harbour 投機・賭ける, met with the same 運命／宿命. The Denison Plains 協会,* 設立するd in Melbourne in 1865, 提案するd to land 植民／開拓者s on the headwaters of the Victoria River and send them 今後 to Denison Plains. Neither the promoters nor 株主s seem to have had any 限定された idea of the exact position of Denison Plains or of the class of country 構成するd in them, so that the 失敗 of the 投機・賭ける is not to be wondered at. To break up their homes, spend large sums of money in 在庫／株 and 器具／備品, and sail for an unknown 領土, are not 資格s that give 証拠 of the foresight necessary in those who would be successful 開拓するs. The first 禁止（する）d of 見込みのある 植民／開拓者s, 長，率いるd by C.E. Broadhurst, left Melbourne by the 軍人, and arrived at Fremantle 早期に in May 1865. During the stay of the 大型船 at that port the members of the party were 知らせるd by the 知事 of the 失敗 of the Camden Harbour 事業／計画（する）, and advised to proceed with very 広大な／多数の／重要な 警告を与える.** On the way up the coast they stopped at Nickol Bay and 得るd land in that locality. さまざまな trips inland, west of Roebourne and along the Fortescue and Ashburton Rivers, were made, principally under the leadership of H.W. Venn, in the hope of discovering 満足な pastoral country. The party never reached Denison Plains. Those who were competent and saw a chance of success in the North-West were not 用意が出来ている to be bound by 協同組合 条件s, whilst those who saw nothing but 失敗 in 前線 of them had only one 願望（する）--to get 支援する to the eastern 植民地s as quickly as possible. The 協会 was 負傷させる up 早期に in the に引き続いて year, and the 在庫／株 divided の中で the creditors.***
(*Footnote. Ibid 20 January 1865.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 10 May 1865.)
(***Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 to R.J. Sholl 21 April 1866 Inquirer 16 May 1866.)
In spite of the want of success of these large undertakings, individual 植民／開拓者s were 設立するing themselves in さまざまな parts of the North-West and were 証明するing that it was possible to 達成する good results. These 植民／開拓者s 徐々に 延長するd the knowledge of the North-West 一般に, so that by the end of 1865 the 初期の 行う／開催する／段階s may be said to have been passed and the prospects of an 広範囲にわたる pastoral 解決／入植地 保証するd. によれば the 公式の／役人 統計（学） nearly 3 million acres were held under 賃貸し（する） at the beginning of 1866, and these were 在庫／株d with 16,000 sheep, 300 cattle and 120 horses.*
(*Footnote. Western Australian Blue 調書をとる／予約する 1865 pages 234 and 246.)
解決／入植地 was その上の 補助装置d by E.T. Hooley's success in 開始 up an 陸路の 大勝する from Geraldton to Nickol Bay about the middle of 1866.* Starting out with nearly 2000 sheep, he arrived with a loss of only eight, 証明するing that there was excellent food and water on the way, and that 在庫／株 could be 輸送（する）d by land both more cheaply and with greater safety than by sea.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 14 December 1866.)
永久の 解決／入植地 存在 保証するd, it was 決定するd to form a 郡区 近づく Port Walcott, and in 1866 the 場所／位置 of Roebourne*--指名するd after the Surveyor-General--was 調査するd, the first town lots 存在 sold on 3 September at an upset price of 5 続けざまに猛撃するs each.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 21 August 1866.)
借りがあるing to さまざまな circumstances the 進歩 of the 地区 was 大いに 妨げるd during 1867. Far away from Perth, the 植民／開拓者s had to depend for 準備／条項s おもに upon the small 大型船s that 貿易（する）d up and 負かす／撃墜する the coast. Through さまざまな 原因（となる）s several of these were 難破させるd, with the result that the new community was brought within the reach of 餓死.* The 飢饉 was 回避するd by the 活動／戦闘 of Charles Harper, who led a small party 陸路の to 支持する／優勝者 Bay under circumstances of 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty.** The 飛行機で行くing 泡，激怒すること was 派遣（する）d at once from Fremantle,*** and arrived at Roebourne not a moment too soon. As the result of these difficulties, 選択s aggregating over 1 million acres were abandoned in 1867, but over 2 million were taken up afresh, making the total under leasehold at the end of that year 5,805,000 acres,**** and at the end of 1868 the total 在庫／株 had 増加するd to nearly 40,000.*****
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 12 July 1867.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 26 July 1867.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian Blue 調書をとる／予約する 1867 page 258.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 1868 page 266.)
同時に with the 探検 and 解決／入植地 of the North-West, 新たにするd activity was shown in 診察するing and 開始 up the country to the east and south-east of the settled 地区s 一連の会議、交渉／完成する York. Between 1861 and 1868 much of the country far inland was 調査するd, but little of it was brought into use, as there seemed to be a general opinion that 解決／入植地 was impossible without 井戸／弁護士席s, as surface water was not obtainable. Of these さまざまな 探検s, those by C.C. 追跡（する） in 1864 and 1866 had perhaps the greatest 耐えるing upon the 開発 of the 植民地. In the latter year 追跡（する） 後継するd in reaching the area now known as the Hampton Plains,* his main 反対する 存在 to 削減（する） a 跡をつける and 沈む 井戸／弁護士席s so as to make land 利用できる for pastoralists. No use was made of this 跡をつける at the time, but thirty years later it was used by the prospectors who discovered the Yilgarn and Coolgardie goldfields. 一方／合間 解決／入植地 was also 延長するing 速く in the 調査するd south-western and eastern 地区s. During the eight years under review the area under licence and 賃貸し（する） almost 二塁打d, something over 11 million** acres having been taken up by the end of 1868.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 21 November 1866 and に引き続いて 問題／発行するs.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian Blue 調書をとる／予約する 1868 page 278.)
The 拡大 of the 植民地 during this period was not 限られた／立憲的な to 探検. 貿易（する） and 産業 showed 調印するs of 際立った 復活, and, with the cheap 労働 利用できる, every 段階 of 開発 gave 証拠 of 新たにするd vigour. The 報告（する）／憶測 of Gregory's 探検s of the north-west coast in 1861 directed attention to pearling and the pearl-爆撃する 産業, but no success was 達成するd for some years. The 輸出（する） of 爆撃する to the value of 556 続けざまに猛撃するs in 1867 was 十分な, however, to 証明する that the work was 価値（がある） taking up 本気で, and in 1868 some ten boats were 雇うd, the divers 存在 principally natives--many of them women. The results were beyond 期待, the value of pearls and 爆撃する reaching in that year the respectable total of 5554 続けざまに猛撃するs.*
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
Wool, of course, continued to be the 中心的要素 輸出（する）. In the eight years the 輸出（する） totalled 620,330 続けざまに猛撃するs, that for 1868 存在 98,254 続けざまに猛撃するs as against 54,297 続けざまに猛撃するs in 1861. The number of sheep had 増加するd from 260,000 to 600,000. The 貿易（する） in sandalwood was 平等に lucrative, 持続するing throughout these years an 普通の／平均（する） 輸出（する） value of over 20,000 続けざまに猛撃するs 毎年, and rising in 1868 to nearly 26,045 続けざまに猛撃するs. The same could not be said of 木材／素質 一般に. The value of jarrah and karri sent away, which 代表するd 2497 続けざまに猛撃するs in 1861 and rose in 1865 to 15,693 続けざまに猛撃するs, had by 1868 拒絶する／低下するd to 638 続けざまに猛撃するs.* The market for such 支持を得ようと努めるd does not seem to have been 広範囲にわたる at that time, though the 量 輸出（する）d is no criterion of the 量 of 生産（高）, a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 存在 used 地元で on the さまざまな public 作品. 農業 also 拡大するd to a かなりの extent. The 27,018 acres under 刈る in 1861 had 延長するd to 50,014 in 1868, while flour and 穀物, which in 1861 were only 十分な for 地元の needs, became by the end of 1868 very appreciable items in the 輸出（する） 貿易（する）, 代表するing in the latter year a total of 21,367 続けざまに猛撃するs.**
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
The 支持する／優勝者 Bay lead and 巡査 地雷s were also 責任がある a かなりの part of the 植民地の 貿易（する）, though the 増加するd cost of 生産／産物 and the distance from the markets of the world were 速く 減ずるing them below the level of 支払う／賃金ing 産業s. 巡査 showed a 際立った 落ちるing-off from 1864, but lead 増加するd very decidedly, the two together 存在 valued for 輸出（する） in 1868 at 14,451 続けざまに猛撃するs.* Other 製品s, such as whalebone and oil, gum, ワイン, and raisins, also 人物／姿／数字d on the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of 輸出（する）s, but not to any 広大な／多数の／重要な extent.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
The actual 明言する／公表する of the 植民地 and the 拡大 that had taken place may be seen from a comparison of the 人物／姿／数字s 代表するing the first and last years of the period under review: 輸出（する）s 95,789 and 192,636 続けざまに猛撃するs; 輸入するs 147,913 and 225,614 続けざまに猛撃するs; income of 植民地, 67,261 and 99,496 続けざまに猛撃するs; 支出 81,087 and 89,726 続けざまに猛撃するs. In 1868 the 植民地 was 解放する／自由な from public 負債.*
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
試みる／企てるs were made about this time, principally by the York 農業の Society, to encourage the cultivation of cotton and タバコ,* but neither seem to have gone beyond the 実験の 行う／開催する／段階, though there was an 試みる／企てる to form in London a Western Australian Cotton Company with a 資本／首都 of 20,000 続けざまに猛撃するs.**
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 2 August 1861.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 15 October and 31 December 1862.)
利益／興味 still continued to be 陳列する，発揮するd in the search for gold. In 1861 parties prospected over the Darling 範囲s, and got 指示，表示する物s,* but not 十分な to 正当化する actual 採掘. 視察官 Panter, after scouring the 地区 around Northam, returned to that town in December with 見本／標本s.** On the strength of these the 政府 申し込む／申し出d a reward of five thousand 続けざまに猛撃するs to the discoverer of a payable goldfield within 150 miles of Perth, the 条件 存在 that 5000 ounces should be 安全な・保証するd before 1 July 1863.*** Needless to say, the reward was not paid. 存在 of the opinion that the country was 価値（がある） 実験（する）ing, the 政府 engaged E.H. Hargraves in 1862**** to prospect for a period of six months. He 報告（する）／憶測d unfavourably, 存在 of opinion that gold in any 量 would never be 設立する in the 植民地.***** A little over thirty years later this "barren" 領土 was recognised as one of the greatest gold-producing countries of the world!
(*Footnote. Ibid 24 July, 7 August and 13 November 1861.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 11 December 1861.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 11 February 1862.)
(****Footnote. Perth Gazette 16 May 1862 letter from Hargraves to 政府 申し込む／申し出ing services on 確かな 条件 and 6 June 1862 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 3 June 1862 受託するing 申し込む／申し出.)
(*****Footnote. Perth Gazette 27 March 1863 copy of 報告（する）／憶測.)
The agitation for 代表者／国会議員 政府, which had of necessity lain 活動停止中の during the 罪人／有罪を宣告する period, was 生き返らせるd when it became known that transportation would 中止する altogether in 1868. The 国務長官, it will be remembered, had before 1850 明言する／公表するd that Western Australia would be able to 安全な・保証する some form of elective 代表 as soon as the colonists were 用意が出来ている to do without a 議会の 認める, in other words as soon as the 地元の 歳入 was 十分な to 会合，会う all the 植民地の expenses. The 皇室の 行為／法令／行動する of 1850 (13 and 14 Victoria c.59) for the better 政府 of the Australian 植民地s 供給するd that when that 行う／開催する／段階 had arrived the 存在するing 法律を制定する 会議 could, on a 嘆願（書） from one-third of the householders of the 植民地, pass an 法令／条例 設立するing a new 法律を制定する 会議, one-third of whose members should be 指名するd and the other two-thirds elected. 同時に with the passing of the 行為／法令／行動する, however, （機の）カム the 設立 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system in Western Australia. This, the 国務長官 pointed out, made it impossible for the 皇室の 当局 to agree to any form of 代表, as the 本体，大部分／ばら積みの of the expenses of the 植民地, under the circumstances, would of necessity 落ちる upon the Home 政府.
This difficulty 存在 除去するd by the 決定／判定勝ち（する） to stop sending out 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, a public 会合 under the （議長，司会の）地位，能力 of the 郡保安官 was held in Perth on 21 February 1865,* and a 委員会 was 任命するd at that 会合 to 草案 a 嘆願（書） for 贈呈 through the 知事 to the 法律を制定する 会議.** On 存在 現在のd, the 嘆願（書）, which 含む／封じ込めるd 1303 署名s, was referred to a 委員会 consisting of the 植民地の 長官, Commandant, 弁護士／代理人／検事-General, and L. Samson, to 診察する the 署名s, call 証言，証人／目撃するs, and 報告（する）／憶測 to the 会議.*** In the course of examination the number of 署名s was 減ずるd to 898, the others 存在 struck out as those of persons unknown, 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, or 非，不，無-householders. As this total was still in 超過 of the one-third householders 要求するd by the 行為／法令／行動する, the 委員会 報告（する）／憶測d that the 嘆願（書） was in form and 実行するd the necessary 必要物／必要条件s.****
(*Footnote. Inquirer 22 February 1865.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 29 June 1865 Inquirer 5 July 1865.)
(****Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 18 August 1865 報告（する）／憶測 of 委員会 in Inquirer 23 August 1865.)
The members of the 会議, while not 用意が出来ている to 譲歩する the 十分な request of the petitioners, were 用意が出来ている to do something toward introducing a popular element. An 改正 to the 嘆願（書） was therefore carried, the 影響 of which was to 追加する two 付加 非，不，無-公式の／役人 members to the 存在するing four and to 減ずる the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office of the whole six to three years.* This 改正, which really 消極的なd the 嘆願（書）, was a 厳しい blow to the 進歩／革新的な party, and 反対s were raised against the 会議's 活動／戦闘. Samson, in a formal 抗議する, 主張するd that the fulfilment of the 条件s laid 負かす／撃墜する in the 皇室の 行為／法令／行動する made it obligatory on the part of the 会議 to agree. The 弁護士／代理人／検事-General, however, 支配するd that the 会議 had discretionary 力／強力にする.**
(*Footnote. Ibid Inquirer 23 August 1865.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
Public opinion seems at this 行う／開催する／段階 to have been divided upon the 事柄, though on the whole there was a leaning toward 代表. A second 嘆願（書） 循環させるd in September with the 反対する of supporting the 改正, while 認可するing the 任命 of six 非，不，無-公式の／役人 members, finished by 宣言するing that an 選挙 by the people would be より望ましい.*
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
As in all 進歩／革新的な movements, the 一時的な 逆転する, 特に as it was brought about by 公式の／役人 活動／戦闘, only served to fan the 炎上. 会合s were held and 決意／決議s carried 抗議するing against the 拒絶 of the final 嘆願（書）, so that by the に引き続いて year a 確かな degree of enthusiasm in favour of 代表者／国会議員 政府 存在するd.
The 知事 (Dr. Hampton) carefully 差し控えるd from any 表現 of opinion while the 支配する was under discussion in the 会議, but in 報告（する）／憶測ing to the 国務長官* he 明言する／公表するd that he had 推論する／理由 to believe that the 大多数 of the colonists would 投票（する） against the requests 含む／封じ込めるd in the 嘆願（書）. By the middle of August, however, his 見解（をとる） seems to have undergone some change, as in a その上の 派遣（する）** he 知らせるd the 国務長官 that he was 納得させるd it would be impossible to 逮捕（する） the movement unless some 譲歩 was made. By December he had veered 一連の会議、交渉／完成する still さらに先に and wrote, when 今後ing the 初めの 嘆願（書）:*** "Such a change, to me, seems to be very immaterial, seeing that to whatever extent I might be 許すd any 発言する／表明する in the 事柄, I should endeavour to 指名する the persons most 許容できる to the 解放する／自由な inhabitants 一般に and 公正に／かなり 代表するing every 利益／興味 throughout the 植民地--a very difficult 仕事 which I would 喜んで see 委任する／代表d to the electors."
(*Footnote. Hampton to Cardwell 21 July 1865.)
(**Footnote. Hampton to Cardwell 22 August 1865.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 21 December 1865.)
Some 延期する in …に出席するing to all this correspondence seems to have occurred in the 植民地の Office. It was not until September 1867 that a reply was received from the 国務長官.* This 示す the assent of the 栄冠を与える to the 法律を制定する 会議's 提案 to 任命する 非，不，無-公式の／役人 members equal in number to the 公式の／役人 and to 限界 the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office to three years. No について言及する was made of the 嘆願（書） or of Samson's 抗議する against the 活動／戦闘 of the 会議. The 決定／判定勝ち（する） was received with mixed feelings, but the steps taken to carry it into 影響 were such that the new 会議 was 事実上 a 代表者／国会議員 団体／死体. A public 会合, 統括するd over by the 郡保安官, was held in October,** at which it was agreed to 受託する the 譲歩 認可するd by the 国務長官, an 改正 to the 影響 that no 譲歩 except the franchise be 受託するd 存在 拒絶するd. A 決意／決議 was then passed 断言するing that the 植民地 should be divided into six 地区s, and the 植民／開拓者s in each 地区 許すd to select one 非公式の member for 任命 by the 知事.*** A 委員会 was 任命するd to carry the 決意／決議 into 影響. This 委員会 met a few days after the public 会合, and transmitted the 決意／決議s to the 植民地の 長官 with a request that the 知事 should favour them with suggestions. The 知事 堅固に supported the steps 提案するd, and 約束d to give 公式の／役人 援助 in 安全な・保証するing a proper 投票（する）.****
(*Footnote. Duke of Buckingham to Hampton 9 July 1867.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 18 October 1867.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 25 October 1867.)
As it was necessary to choose 代表者／国会議員s quickly so as to give time for the 知事 to get the 同意 of the 皇室の 当局 to their 任命, letters were sent to all the 目だつ 植民／開拓者s asking for their 援助.* The 植民地 was then divided into six 地区s--Perth, Fremantle, 支持する／優勝者 Bay, Eastern 地区s, Guildford and the Swan, and the Murray, and each 地区 given the 権利 to elect one member. All 解放する／自由な males of adult age had the 権利 to 投票（する）, but no proxies were 許すd. The 選挙s resulted in the 選択 of J.G.C. Carr (Perth) W. Bateman (Fremantle) W.L. Brockman (Guildford) J.G. 物陰／風下 Steere (Murray) and E. Hamersley (Eastern 地区).** The 支持する／優勝者 Bay 植民／開拓者s 辞退するd to take advantage of the 譲歩 to select a member, and 知事 Hampton had in consequence to select a sixth man. His choice fell upon J.W. Hardey,*** The man 責任がある the 改正 which 敗北・負かすd the 初めの 嘆願（書）. The 指名するs were then submitted to the 知事 and by him to the 国務長官 for 是認. On 4 May 1868 an Order in 会議 was passed**** 任命するing them members of the 法律を制定する 会議 of Western Australia for a period of three years.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 25 October 1867.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 29 November and 27 December 1867.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 27 December 1867.)
(****Footnote. Duke of Buckingham to officer 治めるing the 政府 of Western Australia 22 May 1868 enclosing Order in 会議. See also Western Australian 政府 Gazette 14 July 1868.)
As might be 推定する／予想するd from a 会議 thus 構成するd, the 傾向 was に向かって 代表者／国会議員 政府, and no time was lost in bringing the whole question 今後 once more. At a public 会合 held in February 1868, at Perth, it was agreed that 即座の steps should be taken to 安全な・保証する 代表, and that a second 嘆願（書） in favour should be 循環させるd for 署名 and 現在のd to the 法律を制定する 会議 at its next 会合. A 委員会 was 任命するd to carry out the 決定／判定勝ち（する）, and 物陰／風下 Steere was requested to introduce the 記念の, when ready, into the 会議.*
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 28 February 1868.)
The requests 含む／封じ込めるd in the 嘆願（書） had, however, been forestalled in part by 知事 Hampton, who, in December 1867,* when recommending the 任命 of the six 指名するs selected, had also recommended that at the end of the three years half the 会議 should be elected by popular 投票（する） and the other half should consist of 公式の／役人 指名された人s, the 知事 to have a 決定票. To this suggestion the 国務長官,** in March 1868, gave his 是認, but 要求するd that the 選挙（人）の subdivisions 提案するd and the 資格s of electors should be submitted to him before 存在 finally settled by the 地元の 当局. When the 知事 発表するd the course that was to be followed there was some demur on account of the 決定票, which in popular opinion left the 勢力均衡 still on the 味方する of officialdom.*** その結果 署名s to the 嘆願（書） continued to be sought.
(*Footnote. Hampton to Duke of Buckingham 27 December 1867.)
(**Footnote. Duke of Buckingham to Hampton 27 March 1868 Number 40.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 15 May 1868.)
This was the position in November 1868, when Dr. Hampton 辞職するd and left the 植民地. His 行政 could scarcely be 述べるd as 平和的な, and there is no 疑問 that much of the public 批評 of it was 正当化するd. His 干渉，妨害 in 事柄s relating to the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, his tyrannical methods toward them, and his 活動／戦闘 in 任命するing his son to the position of 事実上の／代理 Comptroller-General, were 堅固に, and without 疑問 正確に，正当に, resented. There certainly was not 平等に good ground for 告発する／非難するing him of 延期するing the 就任（式）／開始 of 代表者／国会議員 政府, though it is 疑わしい whether he would have 勧めるd it had not the 軍隊 of public opinion become too strong to be resisted. There was one 段階 of his 行政, however, that was eminently successful--that of the erection of public 作品. More than any previous 知事 he 適用するd himself to 会合，会う the needs of the 植民／開拓者s in that direction, and many public buildings still in use 耐える 証言 to the success of his 成果／努力s. He used 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働 大部分は for these 目的s, it is true; but, after all, Western Australia was する権利を与えるd to any 利益 she might receive from that 労働 as some return for 同意ing to 許す the incubus of a 犯罪の 全住民 to 残り／休憩（する） upon her. On the whole the 利益s he conferred were 継続している in nature, while his mistakes were but ephemeral.
During the period which elapsed between Dr. Hampton's 出発 and the arrival of his 後継者, the 事件／事情／状勢s of the 植民地 were 治めるd by the Commandant, 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐 Bruce. The only 事柄 of 利益／興味 that occurred at this time was the visit of the Duke of Edinburgh, who landed at Fremantle on 3 February 1869, and remained in the 植民地 for four days, during which there was much feasting and rejoicing.
CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES.
PROGRESSIVE LEGISLATION.
LAND LAWS.
RAILWAYS AND TELEGRAPHS.
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT.
EXPLORATION.
The new 知事, Frederick A. Weld, arrived in the 植民地 on 30 September 1869. He was not without 植民地の experience, having spent many years in New Zealand, during which he had on more than one occasion been a 大臣 of the 栄冠を与える. From 1864 to 1865 he was 首相 of that 植民地, 辞職するing on account of ill-health. The position of 知事 of Western Australia was 申し込む／申し出d to him to 示す the 国務長官's 評価 of his successful 管理／経営 of New Zealand 事件／事情／状勢s. One of his first 行為／法令／行動するs in his new sphere of 義務 was to 伸び（る） a general practical knowledge of the 領土 he was called upon to 治める／統治する, and to this end he travelled over most of the settled 地区s to the south-west and east, forming his own 結論s of the 可能性s of the 植民地. In a 派遣（する） upon the 支配する* he 述べるd the country from north to south, except where areas had been （疑いを）晴らすd for cultivation, as one 広大な forest in the sense that it was ひどく 木材／素質d. While the good land, so far as wheat-growing was 関心d, was patchy and scattered, yet in most places it was possible to grow something. The lightness of the 刈るs was "借りがあるing in a 広大な／多数の／重要な 手段 to over-cropping and slovenly farming." Vine-growing, in his opinion, deserved very much more attention than it received, and the ワイン produced, though unscientifically 用意が出来ている, was likely to 所有する many of the 質s of Spanish ワインs. The roads (as might be 推定する／予想するd where 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働 had been at work) he 設立する wonderfully good, and the country had 広大な／多数の／重要な 施設s for the construction of roads, 鉄道s, and telegraphs.
(*Footnote. Weld to Earl Granville, 3 March 1870 published in Perth Gazette 8 July 1870.)
All this goes to show not only that Weld was an 正確な 観察者／傍聴者, but that he had a first-class knowledge of the things that were necessary for the country's 繁栄, and his 行政 証明するd that he had both the energy and ability 要求するd to put them into successful 操作／手術.
The 主要な／長／主犯 事柄 that he had to を取り引きする at the 手始め of his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 was that of 代表者／国会議員 政府. 連続する 長官s of 明言する／公表する had 知らせるd 知事 Hampton that the 皇室の 当局 were favourable, but the 結論 of his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 arrived before the idea could be carried into 影響. The 事柄 was taken up by the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1869, a 委員会 存在 任命するd* to 草案 a 法案 and to divide the 植民地 into 選挙（人）の 地区s so that there might be a 限定された 計画／陰謀 to place before the new 知事. At the same time the 嘆願（書） 用意が出来ている in 一致 with the 決意／決議 of the public 会合 of February 1868 was 現在のd by 物陰／風下 Steere to the 法律を制定する 会議.** As 知事 Weld was 推定する／予想するd すぐに afterwards, consideration was deferred until his arrival. 防備を堅める／強化するd by his previous experience in 植民地の 事件／事情／状勢s, Weld's 見解（をとる）s in favour of 代表者／国会議員 政府 were as strong as those of any of the colonists. He 警告するd them, however, that 代表者／国会議員 政府 must in 予定 course be followed by responsible 政府, for which, in his opinion, the 植民地 would not be 用意が出来ている for some かなりの time. He その上の pointed out that whatever 計画／陰謀 of 代表 might be 認可するd, the Home 政府 would still 主張する upon a strong 発言する／表明する in 地元の 事件／事情／状勢s, at any 率 for so long a period as 皇室の 基金s were 存在 expended within the 植民地. This favourable 態度 に向かって a change in the 憲法 so 大いに 願望（する）d by the people of the 植民地 not only gave a fresh impetus to the movement, but instilled in the minds of everyone a 限定された hope of a 満足な result. This hope was 強化するd by the 知事's 告示 in March 1870*** that he had received from the 国務長官 for the 植民地s, Lord Granville, a 派遣（する） to the 影響 that he saw no 推論する／理由 why the form of 政府 供給するd by the 行為／法令／行動する, 13 and 14 Victoria c.59, should not be 可決する・採択するd if the colonists 願望（する）d it.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 5 July 1869 Perth Gazette 9 July 1869.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 7 July 1869 Perth Gazette 16 July 1869.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 18 March 1870.)
Encouraged by these 声明s, the 支持するs for the change did not 許す public feeling to grow 冷淡な. 会合s were held at さまざまな centres, and 決意／決議s 勧めるing the introduction of the 法案 were passed. At Bunbury, 物陰／風下 Steere 表明するd himself 強制的に to the 影響 that "he was shocked and indignant at the 無関心／冷淡 shown to public opinion by the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある; that it was the 独断的な will of one man 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるing over a 会議 of ciphers in the 機械／機構 of 政府."* The 知事, while 支持するing the 願望（する）s of the colonists, did not, however, hesitate to 表明する to the 国務長官** his candid opinion of the 条件s 存在するing in the 植民地.
"I see no 推論する／理由," he wrote, "to suppose that under the 現在の system the colonists will ever become more fitted for self-政府, and I 大いに dread that if its introduction be long deferred they will become far いっそう少なく fitted. At 現在の there are still men の中で them whose English education and English reminiscences would guide them in the almost forgotten path; the younger 世代 may grow up with いっそう少なく political education and far いっそう少なく thought, I 恐れる, of the real 責任／義務s of good 国民s and loyal 支配するs. An almost 原始の 簡単 and 親切 of manners, very pleasing to see, strangely enough coexists in the same country that 持つ／拘留するs a large 割合 of the 犯罪の class; and I should be 不正な were I not to point out with gratification that it is not uncommon to find men 以前は belonging to the latter classes who have made good 植民／開拓者s and have raised themselves to a position of respectability and independence. An influx of 全住民 and riches, such a "急ぐ" as has heretofore taken place in almost every other 部分 of the Australian 植民地s, would, did it find us under the 現在の system, result in an almost irresistible 需要・要求する for 全世界の／万国共通の 選挙権／賛成 and responsible 政府 at a time when such a 譲歩 would be 危険な and 妊娠している with 悲惨な consequences."
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 8 April 1870.)
(**Footnote. Weld to Earl Granville 1 March 1870.)
By the 準備／条項s of 13 and 14 Victoria c.39 1850, and 確かな 準備／条項s of 5 and 6 Victoria c.76 1842, and 7 and 8 Victoria c.74 1844, which relate to the 憲法 of the 法律を制定する 会議, and under which the new 法案 was 用意が出来ている, the 知事 was 権力を与えるd, 支配する to the assent of the 皇室の 政府, to 設立する a new 法律を制定する 会議 on 供給するing for the 支払い（額） out of 植民地の 基金s of all expenses of the civil 設立. Such 会議 should consist of 指名するd and 公式の／役人 and elected members, the 指名するd and 公式の／役人 to number together one-third of the whole, and the elected to 代表する 選挙（人）の 地区s which were to be 決定するd. With any 増加する in elected members there must be a corresponding 増加する in 指名された人s to 保存する the 割合 of one-third to two-thirds. Every adult man of twenty-one years of age was to be する権利を与えるd to 投票（する）, 供給するd he owned 所有物／資産／財産 価値（がある） 100 続けざまに猛撃するs, was a householder 支払う／賃金ing 10 続けざまに猛撃するs a year, or held a depasturing licence. No person could be elected as a member unless he 所有するd 所有物／資産／財産 of the 年次の value of 100 続けざまに猛撃するs or the 資本／首都 value of 2000 続けざまに猛撃するs. The 指名するd members were to 持つ／拘留する office for five years, except in 事例／患者 of a 解散, and were to be 任命するd by the Queen. 力／強力にする of 任命 might be 委任する／代表d to the 知事. 没収 of a seat followed upon absence for two 連続する 開会／開廷／会期s, insolvency, or 詐欺. The 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of 選挙 was five years. The 会議 must 会合，会う at least once in every year at such time and place as the 知事 みなすd expedient, and the 知事 could prorogue or 解散させる the 会議 whenever he considered such a course necessary. A member of the 会議 must be elected as （衆議院の）議長, and the 選挙 認可するd by the 知事, before any 商売／仕事 was transacted.
The 知事, who under the new system 中止するd to be a member of the 会議, was 要求するd to 送信する／伝染させる for the consideration of members such 法案s as he 願望（する）d to introduce. All 法案s before becoming 法律 must, after passing through the 会議, be assented to by the 知事, who was bound by the 準備／条項s of the 行為／法令／行動する and also by whatever 指示／教授／教育s he might receive from the 皇室の 当局. 許可 to make 法律s for the （資金の）充当／歳出 of 栄冠を与える lands was 特に withheld, and 法案s 取引，協定ing with 確かな other questions, as e.g. 離婚, must be reserved for 皇室の 許可／制裁. Alterations in the 憲法 also 要求するd the assent of the 栄冠を与える. Beyond these 事柄s the 会議 had general 法律を制定する 当局. These were the main 準備／条項s of the 行為／法令／行動する of 1850. Any 憲法 でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd under it was to come into 影響 upon the 問題／発行する of the 令状s for the 選挙s.
The 法案 which was introduced by 知事 Weld on 23 May 1870,* in 一致 with the 準備／条項s of this 行為／法令／行動する, 供給するd for a 会議 of eighteen, of whom twelve were to be elected, three to be 指名するd by the 知事, and three 公式の／役人 members--the 植民地の 長官, the Surveyor-General, and the 弁護士／代理人／検事-General.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 23 May 1870 Perth Gazette 27 May 1870.)
The fact that the 知事 保持するd the 力／強力にする of 拒否権 rather 割引d the value of the 譲歩 in the 注目する，もくろむs of some, whilst others were disappointed because the 地元の 立法機関 would not be able to make land 法律s. A few were anxious, notwithstanding the 財政上の 面, to 安全な・保証する 十分な responsible 政府, and a still smaller section, 代表するing the old 保守的な element, could see no prospect of advantage in any change at all. The 法案, as 知事 Weld said, was not perfect, but there is no 疑問 that it was a 際立った step 今後, and 供給するd all that could reasonably be 推定する／予想するd under the circumstances.
The 法案 原因（となる）d an animated discussion in the 会議, opinion 存在 very much divided upon the 支配する. Several members failed to see that any advantage would be derived from it, while others …に反対するd any alteration of a system that seems to have ふさわしい their particular 必要物／必要条件s. On the second reading, however, it was carried by seven 投票（する）s to five, those in favour 存在 知事 Weld, the 植民地の 長官 (E.P. Barlee) the 弁護士／代理人／検事-General (G.F. 石／投石する) and 物陰／風下 Steere, Carr, Brockman, and Newman, and those against, the Commandant (中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐 Bruce) the Surveyor-General (Captain 魚の卵) the 植民地の Treasurer (A. Lefroy) and Phillips and Hardey.*
(*Footnote. Ibid 25 May 1870 Perth Gazette 27 May 1870.)
The 法案 was finally passed on 1 June,* and the 令状s for the new 会議 were 問題／発行するd on 18 July 1870.** There were ten 選挙（人）の 地区s: Perth, Fremantle, Geraldton, York, Toodyay, Swan, Greenough, Wellington, Vasse, and Albany. Perth and Fremantle were する権利を与えるd to elect two 代表者／国会議員s, and the other 選挙区／有権者s one each.*** The 選挙s were held during October and the 早期に part of November, with the に引き続いて result: J.G.C. Carr and L.S. 漏れる (Perth) E. Newman and W.F. Moore (Fremantle) T.C. Gull (Swan) John Mckail (Albany) J.H. Monger (York) Major Logue (Geraldton) George Shenton (Greenough) James Drummond (Toodyay) J.G. 物陰／風下 Steere (Wellington) and J.G. Bussell (Vasse.)
(*Footnote. Ibid 1 June 1870 Perth Gazette 3 June 1870 含む／封じ込めるing copy of the 行為／法令／行動する 33 Victoria Number 13.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 22 July 1870.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
These twelve gentlemen, with the six 指名された人s--three 公式の／役人 and three 非公式の--formed the first 法律を制定する 会議 under 代表者／国会議員 政府 in Western Australia. The 公式の／役人 members were the 植民地の 長官 (F.P. Barlee) the Surveyor-General (M. Fraser) and the 弁護士／代理人／検事-General (R.J. Walcott); the 非公式の 指名された人s were S.P. Phillips, M. Brown, and W.E. Marmion.* Two old and tried servants of the 植民地 retired from their positions on the 就任（式）／開始 of the new system. These were the Surveyor-General (Captain J.S. 魚の卵) and the 弁護士／代理人／検事-General (G.F. 石／投石する). Both were 開拓するs, and had done sound and excellent work for their 可決する・採択するd country. To Captain 魚の卵, who had held office as Surveyor-General from 1829 and had been a member of the 法律を制定する 会議 since 1832, Western Australia is 特に indebted. His ability, 知恵, tact, and judgment were always at the service of his fellow-植民／開拓者s, and no 公式の／役人 did more--if any did so much--to その上の the 利益／興味s of the 植民地.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 9 December 1870.)
The new 法律を制定する 会議 met for the first time on 5 December 1870. L.S. 漏れる was elected （衆議院の）議長 and J.G.C. Carr Chairman of 委員会s.*
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 5 December 1870 Perth Gazette 9 December 1870.)
From the very first it was evident that there were two parties in the House. The 植民地の 長官, the leader of the 政府, was supported by the 指名された人 and 公式の／役人 members 同様に as by the more 保守的な of the elected 代表者／国会議員s, while the more 過激な section followed J.G. 物陰／風下 Steere, who was the 受託するd leader of the 対立. At the 手始め it also became plain that the 会議 did not ーするつもりである to be a mere echo of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある, but was 決定するd to 演習 to the 十分な the 法律を制定する 力／強力にするs conferred upon it. This was 特に noticeable on the introduction of a 法案* to 修正する the 代表 in the 会議 whereby it was sought to 治療（薬） a defect in the 言い回し of the 法律を制定する 会議 行為／法令／行動する,** under which 条件付きの-容赦 men were unintentionally 除外するd from the Franchise, and also to 除去する the 資格 necessary for members. The 法案 was referred to a 委員会, which recommended the に引き続いて alterations: (a) that while the 所有物／資産／財産 資格 should be 減ずるd it should not be 廃止するd altogether, (b) that no person 持つ／拘留するing an office of emolument under the 栄冠を与える should be 許すd to sit as an elected member, and (c) that no person attainted of 背信 or 有罪の of 重罪 or other 悪名高い offence should be 有能な of 存在 elected.*** The suggestions of the 委員会 were 可決する・採択するd by the House,**** with the result that the 知事 referred the 法案 支援する for その上の consideration. The 会議 敏速に returned it without alteration,***** and it was then reserved for Her Majesty's assent, notification of which was given to the 会議 in August.******
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 14 December 1870 Perth Gazette 23 December 1870.)
(**Footnote. 33 Victoria Number 13. The 資格 of 投票者s in the 行為／法令／行動する was that 始める，決める out in 13 and 14 Victoria c.59.)
(***Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 11 January 1871 Perth Gazette 13 January 1871.)
(****Footnote. Ibid.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 16 January 1871 Perth Gazette 20 and 27 January 1871.)
(******Footnote. Ibid 17 August 1871 Perth Gazette 18 August 1871.)
The first 際立った step in the direction of 地方自治体の 政府 was taken during this 開会／開廷／会期. In the past the towns and 田舎の 地区s had been 支配する to Roads 信用s, 団体／死体s with 力／強力にする to 徴収する 率s for 確かな 目的s, more 特に the making and 維持／整備 of roads, jetties, and other means of communication. The Municipalities 行為／法令／行動する, passed in 1871,* gave the 地元の 会議s 裁判権 over roads, drains, wharves, public buildings, 続けざまに猛撃するs, 境界s, 盗品故買者s, and 衛生設備, with 力／強力にする to 率 and also to borrow money for the 目的s 始める，決める 前へ／外へ. Under this 行為／法令／行動する Perth was 布告するd a municipality 早期に in January, and was followed すぐに afterwards by Fremantle, Guildford, Albany, Bunbury, Busselton, Geraldton, and York.** At the time Perth had an 概算の 全住民 of over 5000.***
(*Footnote. 34 Victoria Number 6.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1871 pages 42 and 57.)
(***Footnote. 国勢（人口）調査 31 March 1870 gives 全住民 of Perth as 5007.)
About the same time a 地元の Roads Boards 行為／法令／行動する* was passed for the 政府 of those 田舎の 地区s which were not 用意が出来ている to assume the 責任／義務s of municipalities. Both these 行為／法令／行動するs were 修正するd in 1876. In the Municipalities 行為／法令／行動する the 権利 of 投票（する）ing was given to owners or occupiers of 所有物／資産／財産 who had paid their 率s and had not been in 領収書 of public 救済. 所有物／資産／財産 率d under 25 続けざまに猛撃するs carried one 投票（する）, with an 付加 投票（する） for every 増加する of 25 続けざまに猛撃するs in 年次の value up to a 最大限 of four 投票（する）s. Any 投票者 could become a 議員, but the Chairman must be qualified to serve as a Grand 賠審員. Under the Roads Boards 行為／法令／行動する the 資格 was somewhat lower. A rateable value of 50 続けざまに猛撃するs per 年 安全な・保証するd the 最大限 of four 投票（する）s.
(*Footnote. 34 Victoria Number 26.)
Probably feeling that it was 現職の upon a 代表者／国会議員 団体／死体 to do something in the way of developing the 資源s of the country, one of the 早期に 活動／戦闘s of the 法律を制定する 会議 was to pass a 貸付金 法案 authorising the raising of 60,000 続けざまに猛撃するs for carrying out public 作品* 含むing 30,000 続けざまに猛撃するs for a new jetty at Fremantle. There was a good 取引，協定 of 対立 to the 傾向 of this 30,000 続けざまに猛撃するs, and 最終的に it was agreed not to proceed with that work, so that although the 知事 今後d the 法案 for 60,000 続けざまに猛撃するs to the 国務長官 for 是認,** he 明言する／公表するd in a その上の 派遣（する） that the idea had been abandoned.*** The 植民地の Office therefore 拒絶する／低下するd to 許可／制裁 the 法案 as 草案d, but 示唆するd that in its place the 地元の 会議 should agree to one for 35,000 続けざまに猛撃するs for 確かな public 作品 which the 国務長官 enumerated.**** This advice was 行為／法令／行動するd upon,***** and the 量 was raised in 1872 at six per cent.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 17 August 1871 Perth Gazette 18 August 1871.)
(**Footnote. Weld to Earl of Kimberley 11 September 1871.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 8 November 1871.)
(****Footnote. Earl of Kimberley to Weld 24 January 1872.)
(*****Footnote. 36 Victoria Number 3 Schedule of 作品 is appended to 行為／法令／行動する.)
The second 開会／開廷／会期 of the 会議 was opened in July 1871, when several 事柄s of 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な moment to the 繁栄 of the 植民地 were decided. 主要な／長／主犯 の中で these were those relating to education and the land 規則s. For years it had been the custom of the old 法律を制定する 会議 to pass an 年次の 認める for 教育の 目的s. There had been growing 不満 on the part of the カトリック教徒 community with the manner in which this 認める had been apportioned. 演説（する）／住所s were 現在のd to the 会議 in 1869 asking that カトリック教徒s be 許すd a separate 認める.* Upon this 存在 辞退するd, a 嘆願（書） was 今後d to the 国務長官** requesting that a proportionate part of the 認める be allotted for カトリック教徒 schools. 納得させるd that the 事柄 was one for the 地元の 行政, the 皇室の 政府 拒絶する／低下するd to 干渉する, leaving it to the 代表者／国会議員 会議 to を取り引きする.*** That 団体／死体 also 拒絶する／低下するd at its first 開会／開廷／会期 to make any alteration in the 存在するing system, but the question became so 激烈な／緊急の during the 休会 that at the second 開会／開廷／会期 an Elementary Education 行為／法令／行動する**** was passed, and a 満足な 解決／入植地 arrived at. Under the 準備／条項s of the 行為／法令／行動する, 政府 schools 限定するd themselves to a 純粋に 世俗的な education, while the schools 設立するd by the さまざまな 宗教的な denominations gave 指示／教授／教育 in 一致 with their creeds. These latter were する権利を与えるd to receive 政府 援助（する） to the 量 of the income they derived from 料金s or subscriptions. 宗教的な teachers could also give 指示／教授／教育 in 政府 schools for one hour either before or after the ordinary day's work, the 出席 of scholars 存在 voluntary. 視察官s could not 診察する in 宗教的な 支配するs. All children between the ages of six and fourteen, residing within three miles of a school, were 要求するd to …に出席する. The Central Board of Education consisted of the 植民地の 長官 as chairman and four laymen of different denominations 任命するd by the 知事 for three years. This Board had 支配（する）／統制する of all schools receiving 政府 援助（する）, but only so far as 世俗的な 指示／教授／教育 was 関心d. 地区 Boards, 支配する to the Central Board, were also 設立するd; these consisted of five members elected for three years by the people of the 地区. ーするために carry out these 準備／条項s 完全に, 6181 続けざまに猛撃するs was placed on the 見積（る）s of 1871 for 教育の 目的s.***** This 行為／法令／行動する met the needs of the community admirably, and with slight 改正s continued in 操作／手術 till 1895, when the enormous 拡大 of the 植民地 予定 to the 発見 of the goldfields （判決などを）下すd a more modern 手段 necessary.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 6 July 1869 Perth Gazette 9 July 1869.)
(**Footnote. Perth Gazette 23 July 1869 copy of 嘆願（書）. 嘆願（書） 今後d in 陸軍大佐 Bruce to Earl Granville 4 August 1869.)
(***Footnote. Earl Granville to Weld 26 November 1869. See also Earl of Kimberley to Weld 13 August 1870.)
(****Footnote. 35 Victoria Number 14.)
(*****Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 4 August 1871 Perth Gazette 11 August 1871.)
As one of the grounds of 対立 to the old 会議 had been its ingenuity in でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるing land 規則s that did not 会合，会う with the 是認 of the colonists 一般に, it was only to be 推定する／予想するd that the 代表者／国会議員 団体／死体 would take the 支配する into consideration at an 早期に 行う／開催する／段階 of its 存在. New 規則s were でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd by a Select 委員会* in 1871** under which all lands fit for the 目的s of 農業 were reserved for sale as 農業の areas, the price 存在 直す／買収する，八百長をするd at 8 shillings per acre, payable in 年次の instalments of 1 shilling per acre under 確かな 条件s relating to 占領／職業 and 改良. In the opinion of some members of the 会議 the price was too high, but at the request of the 知事, who 恐れるd the 国務長官 might 反対する, no 削減 was made. 田舎の sections were 直す／買収する，八百長をするd at 100 acres, with 準備／条項 for selecting smaller 陰謀（を企てる）s for garden 目的s. Under special circumstances other unreserved lands could be 減ずるd in price. Pastoral 賃貸し（する）s for twenty-one years at low rents to 安全な・保証する 改良 were 認可するd, and the 料金 simple 申し込む／申し出d for （疑いを）晴らすing and 盗品故買者ing 毒（薬） lands. New mineral 規則s were also でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd, 制限するing the areas to 200 acres and 許すing a 権利 to 地雷 for two years on 支払い（額） of 1 続けざまに猛撃する a year rent. 賃貸し（する）s for twenty-eight years for 採掘 目的s could also be 安全な・保証するd, starting at 5 shillings per acre and rising by 5 shillings per acre every seven years. A Commissioner of 栄冠を与える Lands was 任命するd to carry out the 準備／条項s of the 規則s. 栄冠を与える lands 存在 one of the 支配するs that 要求するd 皇室の 同意, the 提案するd 規則s were 今後d to the 国務長官 for his 是認.*** This was given,**** with slight 改正s, に向かって the の近くに of the year, and the 規則s （機の）カム into 軍隊 in March 1872,***** remaining in 操作／手術 until the introduction of the Torrens system in 1875 （判決などを）下すd them 事実上 obsolete. Lord Kimberley's 派遣（する） showed how difficult it was for a man without practical knowledge of colonisation to understand the 条件s 存在するing in a new country. Like most of his 前任者s in office he deprecated the 拡張 of 解決／入植地 into new 地区s, おもに on account of the 増加する in the 行政の expenses that would やむを得ず 続いて起こる. The 派遣（する） also 辞退するd to 許す the 知事 in 会議 to make alterations in the 規則s, as that would 伴う／関わる the 降伏する by the 栄冠を与える of its 支配（する）／統制する over waste lands.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1871 Paper A4.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 9 August 1871 Perth Gazette 11 August 1871.)
(***Footnote. Weld to Earl of Kimberley 9 September 1871.)
(****Footnote. Earl of Kimberley to Weld 26 December 1871.)
(*****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 20 March 1872.)
The つまずくing-封鎖する over which the first 代表者／国会議員 会議 finally （機の）カム to grief was the question of Customs 義務s. These had been 課すd only from the 見地 of 歳入, the general public opinion 存在 always in favour of 自由貿易. That was still the 見解（をとる） when the new 関税 法案 was introduced into the 会議 at the の近くに of 1870, the 準備／条項s of which did not make any 激烈な or far-reaching alterations. Under the 存在するing 関税, 在庫／株, 穀物s, flour and meal, 農業の 器具／実施するs and 機械／機構, and other goods 特に 免除されたd by the 知事, were 認める 解放する／自由な, whilst spirits were 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d with a 義務 of 15 shillings a gallon, タバコ 1 shilling and 9 pence a 続けざまに猛撃する, and the remaining articles with an 広告 valorem 義務 of 7 per cent. The new 関税, which （機の）カム into 軍隊 at the beginning of 1871,* made little difference beyond 制限するing the 解放する／自由な 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） and raising 義務s upon 高級なs. The 増加するs were 可決する・採択するd not from the 見地 of 保護, but as a means of 増加するing the 歳入, which was showing distant 調印するs of 落ちるing off 借りがあるing to the 減らすing 罪人／有罪を宣告する 支出, poor seasons, and a general 落ちる in prices of those 商品／必需品s which the 植民地 was able to 輸出（する）. Several of the country members, however, no 疑問 looking for a good 地元の market, were anxious to see 義務s placed on flour and other articles that could be 地元で produced; in other words, favoured a 保護の 関税. The question was 温かく 審議d during the 休会, and soon after the second 開会／開廷／会期 of the 会議 met in July 1871 it formed a 支配する for その上の consideration. A 提案 to 除去する flour and meal from the 解放する／自由な 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） on the grounds that it would 利益 the 農業者s and, at the same time, 補助装置 the 歳入, was 堅固に …に反対するd, but in the end the 支持するs for 保護, some of whom professed to be 解放する／自由な 仲買人s, carried the day by a 狭くする 大多数, which was 増加するd when the 決意／決議 was 具体的に表現するd in a 法案.**
(*Footnote. 34 Victoria Number 17 詳細（に述べる）s in Perth Gazette 20 January 1871.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1 August 1871 Inquirer 9 August 1871.)
The members of the 解放する／自由な 貿易（する） League, which was at this time a 特に active 会・原則, waited upon the 知事 and asked him not to assent to the 法案. 納得させるd that the 税金 would not produce much in the way of 歳入, and that it would 圧力（をかける） 厳しく upon the poorer classes, 知事 Weld on 17 August* 適用するd the 拒否権. As the notification of the Queen's assent to the 行為／法令／行動する passed in the first 開会／開廷／会期 to 修正する the 代表 of the people had been received just 以前, he considered the time opportune for putting it into 軍隊, and thus by a 解散 solve the difficulty created by his 拒絶 of the 関税 法案, and 許す the people as a whole, by means of a fresh 選挙, to 表明する their opinion upon that 事柄.**
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 17 August 1871 Perth Gazette 18 August 1871.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
The 法律を制定する 会議 was therefore 正式に 解散させるd on the date について言及するd, with an 表現 of the 知事's 信用／信任 in the 有益な 影響s of those 解放する／自由な 会・原則s which he had endeavoured to foster during his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office. Though in a larger community there would be little to attract attention in the 量 of work 成し遂げるd, there is no 疑問 that in a small 植民地 (which from the 見地 of 全住民 Western Australia then was) hitherto 支配するd by an 公式の／役人 class which did not always see 注目する，もくろむ to 注目する，もくろむ with the people, the results of the 議会 示すd a very 際立った step 今後. The 調査する Department had been reorganised; more 自由主義の land 規則s passed; a 包括的な and equitable 教育の system brought into 操作／手術; and a useful programme of public 作品 arranged. On the whole, there was every 推論する／理由 to feel 満足させるd with the change brought about by the introduction of 代表者／国会議員 政府.
The 長，指導者 question during the 選挙s was that of 関税 改革（する）, and the new 会議, which met in the middle of 1872, 反映するd the opinion of the 選挙区／有権者s upon that 支配する. The 知事 was in favour of low 義務s, if not of 完全にする 自由貿易, and chose as his 非公式の 指名された人s men 持つ／拘留するing the same 見解（をとる）s. The 代表者／国会議員s of the larger towns also supported the 政府, but those from the 田舎の 選挙区／有権者s were 堅固に 保護貿易論者. When the question （機の）カム up for consideration it was evident that the 保護貿易論者 section had a 大多数,* and the resulting 関税 行為／法令／行動する,** though it would scarcely be called 保護の nowadays, had a 際立った leaning in that direction.
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 26 August 1872 Inquirer 28 August 1872.)
(**Footnote. 36 Victoria Number 4.)
Out of these discussions upon the 関税 question arose the beginning of the agitation for responsible 政府. In the first place, the 態度 of the 知事 に向かって the suggestion of 保護の 義務s raised the question whether officialism was not still 最高の. To throw greater 力／強力にする into the 手渡すs of the 代表者／国会議員s of the people, 物陰／風下 Steere 提案するd to 二塁打 the number of elected 代表者／国会議員s. ーするために 妨げる such a 激烈な step from 存在 taken, the 知事 妥協d by 申し込む／申し出ing to 増加する the 代表 by creating two new 選挙区／有権者s, （人命などを）奪う，主張するing at the same time an 付加 公式の／役人 指名された人.* These 提案s were 具体的に表現するd in a 法案 introduced by the 植民地の 長官 in July 1873.** The new 地区s were 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d the Northern, and the Murray and Wellington. To this 法案 物陰／風下 Steere moved a 一連の 広範囲にわたる 改正s,*** to the 影響 that the 憲法 of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 should be altered by the 新規加入 of elected members, so as to bring its 決定／判定勝ち（する）s more into harmony with the 立法機関 and with public opinion; that with the exception of four 公式の／役人s--the 植民地の 長官, 弁護士／代理人／検事-General, Surveyor-General, and 植民地の Treasurer--all members of the 法律を制定する 会議 should be elected by a 選挙区／有権者; that the 選挙区／有権者s returning one member should for the 未来 elect two; and that 準備／条項 be made for 規制するing 投票（する）ing by proxy. The suggestions were vigorously …に反対するd by the 植民地の 長官 as leader of the 政府, and 最終的に all of them, with the exception of that relating to proxy 投票（する）ing, were 孤立した,**** and the 法案 was passed.*****
(*Footnote. This 増加する was foreshadowed in the 知事's speech at the 開始 of the 会議 on 30 July 1872, but the 法案 was not 現実に introduced until the に引き続いて 開会／開廷／会期.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1 July 1873 Inquirer 2 July 1873.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 11 July 1873 Inquirer 16 July 1873.)
(****Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 11 July 1873 Inquirer 16 July 1873.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 23 July 1873 Inquirer 30 July 1873.)
All this is 証拠 of the growing feeling in favour of a wider form of 政府. 代表者／国会議員 政府 it was considered had not 実行するd the people's 期待s. 物陰／風下 Steere, one of the strongest 支持するs in favour of it, 自白するd that it was "ill-ふさわしい for the 必要物／必要条件s of this 植民地 or any other"* and many others who had been の中で its warmest 支持するs became bitter 対抗者s. Such opinions, 広範囲にわたって disseminated, were bound to lead in the direction of responsible 政府, and by 1874 the 願望（する） for a change became the 燃やすing question of the hour. In June of that year a public 会合 was held at Bunbury in favour of the change, and 物陰／風下 Steere--who had 以前 疑問d the 知恵 of such a course--agreed to support responsible 政府 as more likely to 前進する the 利益／興味s of the 植民地 than the 存在するing system.** In the に引き続いて month he moved a 決意／決議 in the 法律を制定する 会議 断言するing that responsible 政府 would tend to the 未来 進歩 of the 植民地, and asking for a Select 委員会 to でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる a 憲法.*** After some discussion, an 改正 was passed 断言するing the 正直さ of the 存在するing 政府 and asking the 知事 to introduce a 法案 供給するing for 自治 and to recommend Her Majesty 認可する of it.****
(*Footnote. Ibid 11 July 1873 Inquirer 16 July 1873.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 8 July 1874.)
(***Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 22 July 1874 Inquirer 29 July 1874.)
(****Footnote. Ibid.)
知事 Weld, rightly 裁判官ing that the wisest course to 追求する was to 補助装置 rather than …に反対する, 約束d to 準備する such a 手段, and in 事例／患者 of its 採択 to recommend it to the favourable consideration of the 栄冠を与える.* In pursuance of that 約束, a 法案 to 設立する a 憲法 for Western Australia and to 認める a Civil 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） to Her Majesty was introduced into the 会議 on 3 August 1874 by the 植民地の 長官.** It 供給するd for the 設立 of an Upper and a 衆議院, the one to be wholly 指名するd by the 知事 in 会議, and the other to consist of twenty-five elected members. The 衆議院 was to have the 単独の 力／強力にする of 起こる／始まるing money 法案s, and of 課すing, altering, or 廃止するing 税金s. It was to be elected for five years. 裁判官s, 大臣s of 宗教, and public 請負業者s were debarred from sitting in either House, and any member 受託するing an office of 利益（をあげる） under the 栄冠を与える would その為に 没収される his seat. The 支配（する）／統制する of the lands was to come under the 議会, 支配する to a Civil 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of 9729 続けざまに猛撃するs 毎年. 補償（金） was 供給するd, either by way of 年金 or retiring allowance, for those officers whose positions would be 廃止するd by the change.
借りがあるing to the 指名された人 character of the 提案するd 参議院, the 計画／陰謀 did not 会合，会う with any degree of 受託. 物陰／風下 Steere 提案するd that consideration of the 手段 be 延期するd until the country had been given an 適切な時期 of 表明するing its opinion.* This was 消極的なd by the House,** but 行為／法令／行動するd upon by the 知事, who 解散させるd the 会議 on the に引き続いて day.*** The result of the 選挙 showed that public opinion 堅固に favoured responsible 政府. The 事柄 was not, however, brought before the new House, which met in November to pass 供給（する）, 知事 Weld explaining that as he was on the eve of 出発 from the 植民地, it would be more fitting to 許す his 後継者 to を取り引きする it, 特に as he would probably be more in touch with the 見解（をとる）s of the Home 当局.**** At the 危険 of 心配するing a little, it may be said that the 提案 for responsible 政府 （機の）カム to nothing at that time. One of the first 活動／戦闘s of the new 知事 (Sir William Robinson) was to read to the 会議 a 派遣（する） from the 国務長官 mildly 非難ing 知事 Weld for 存在 a little too precipitate in his 願望（する） to 会合，会う the wishes of the colonists, and pointing out that the 皇室の 政府 was not 用意が出来ている to recommend responsible 政府, more 特に as Weld himself had on previous occasions deprecated any such 拡張. After referring to this, Lord Carnarvon continued:
"It is with some surprise and 悔いる that I now learn that without any previous intimation that such a 手段 was 熟視する／熟考するd, or any 言及／関連 to the opinions of Her Majesty's 政府, the 知事 has 公然と 誓約（する）d himself that this most serious change shall すぐに be made, and that a 法案 取引，協定ing with many questions of difficulty, in 尊敬（する）・点 of which care must in any 事例／患者 be 演習d, has been considered by the 会議...We are 取引，協定ing with a 植民地 of 広大な extent, at 現在の 住むd by a 全住民 概算の at 26,000 persons, of whom it is 明言する／公表するd some 8000 are adult males, and of these, as I understand, between 5000 and 6000 are persons 以前は 輸送（する）d as 罪人／有罪を宣告するs from this country."*****
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 5 August 1874 Inquirer 12 August 1874.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 6 August 1874 Inquirer 12 August 1874.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 18 November 1874 Inquirer 25 November 1874.)
(*****Footnote. Earl of Carnarvon to Robinson 18 November 1874.)
After pointing out the large 増加する in 支出 that responsible 政府 would entail in the way of 行政 同様に as in the direction of 供給するing for the 監督 of the remaining 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, and 明言する／公表するing that he had 約束d 知事 Weld to give the 事柄 予定 consideration, he 結論するd:
"But on a 静める review of its 現在の circumstances and 条件s, I cannot but question whether this 広大な／多数の／重要な alteration is not somewhat premature, and I feel it my 義務, though not a 感謝する one to me 本人自身で, to 保留する any 迅速な 同意, and to interpose such 慎重な 延期するs as will 安全な・保証する a 十分な and dispassionate consideration of a 決定／判定勝ち（する） which is fraught with such important consequences to the 植民地."*
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
This 派遣（する） 事実上 settled the 事柄 for the time 存在. Every now and again an endeavour was made to resuscitate it, and the 圧力（をかける） occasionally inferred that it was on the eve of 存在 認めるd, but 知事 Robinson gave it little or no support, and 徐々に the whole discussion fell into （一時的）停止.
Notwithstanding the large 量 of time and 利益／興味 that was given to 憲法の questions during the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office of 知事 Weld, 適切な時期 was also 設立する to consider many 事柄s of 決定的な importance to the 構成要素 井戸／弁護士席-存在 of the community. As regards 施設s for communication and 輸送, Western Australia lagged far behind the 残り／休憩（する） of the civilised world. Up to 1869 there was not a 選び出す／独身 mile of telegraph line or 鉄道 in the 植民地. Requests had been 繰り返して made to the old 法律を制定する 会議 to take these 事柄s in 手渡す, but always without result. The first move was made by two 私的な 国民s, Edmund Stirling and Cumming, who on their own 責任／義務 築くd a telegraph line between Perth and Fremantle and opened it for public 商売／仕事 in June 1869.* This created such a 動かす that in 1870 the 政府 felt compelled to take the question of telegraph 拡張 into consideration. In May of that year a 決意／決議 was passed by the 法律を制定する 会議 authorising the construction of lines between Perth and Albany, Bunbury, York, and Newcastle.** The work was undertaken by a 私的な company and 完全にするd in 1872. When the 貸付金 of 35,000 続けざまに猛撃するs 許すd by the 国務長官 was floated in 1872, 12,000 続けざまに猛撃するs out of the proceeds were 適用するd to the 購入（する） of these lines by the 政府,*** and 手はず／準備 were made for 早い 拡張. The 貸付金 was soon 吸収するd, and in 1873 a その上の 量 of 100,000 続けざまに猛撃するs was authorised.**** The first moiety of this was raised in Melbourne in 1874,***** and the second すぐに afterwards. It was wholly 適用するd to 鉄道 and telegraph 拡張. Communication by wire was 設立するd in 1874****** between Newcastle and Geraldton, and in January 1875,******* just 事前の to leaving the 植民地, 知事 Weld 任命する／導入するd the first 政治家 of an 陸路の line between Perth and Eucla. This line was 完全にするd by the end of 1877, and as Eucla was already connected with Adelaide, and Adelaide with London, it brought Western Australia into touch wit h the outside world.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 25 June 1869.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 26 May 1870 Perth Gazette 27 May 1870. See also prospectus of Electro-磁石の company in Perth Gazette 1 July 1870.)
(***Footnote. See 36 Victoria Number 3 schedule A.)
(****Footnote. 37 Victoria Number 19.)
(*****Footnote. Inquirer 21 January 1874.)
(******Footnote. Ibid 10 June 1874.)
(*******Footnote. Ibid 27 January 1875.)
に引き続いて closely upon the 会・原則 of the telegraph （機の）カム the 開発 of a 鉄道 system. The first 成果／努力s in that direction were made by 私的な companies operating in the 木材／素質 forests, and the lines were built まず第一に／本来 to 容易にする the 輸送（する） of 木材／素質 to the coast. に向かって the end of 1871 the Western Australian 木材／素質 Company built and opened a line connecting their jetty at the Vasse with the 木材／素質 forests about twelve miles away.* すぐに afterwards Mason, Bird & Co, who were working a 木材／素質 譲歩 in the Darling 範囲s, 設立するd a 鉄道 from the Canning to Rockingham, and a tramway from the Canning to the jarrah forests.**
(*Footnote. Ibid 20 December 1871.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 14 February 1872.)
Movement by 私的な 会社／堅いs in the direction of 鉄道 拡張 seems to have spurred on the 政府 to take 活動／戦闘. In 1872 a 委員会 was 任命するd to 報告（する）／憶測 on the 支配する of a 鉄道 to York and the eastern 地区s.* Public opinion 勧めるd that this should be undertaken, together with one from Geraldton to Northampton, so as to cheapen the cost of 輸送（する） for 農業の produce and for minerals. 事実上の／代理 on 専門家 advice, the 政府 decided to 建設する the Geraldton to Northampton line,** but want of 基金s 妨げるd the 開始／学位授与式 存在 made until 1874,*** and the line was not 完全にするd until 1879.**** For the first few years its 収入s were not 十分な to 会合，会う working expenses.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1872 Paper A3.)
(**Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 on Geraldton to Northampton 鉄道 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1873 Paper Number 6.)
(***Footnote. Inquirer 28 October 1874.)
Contrary to 期待, it was not until 1873 that any suggestion was made definitely to connect Perth with Fremantle and Guildford by a 鉄道. In that year it was discussed in the 会議, and though a 決意／決議 was passed favouring a 裁判，公判 調査する, it was 明らかな that the 負わせる of opinion was against it.* There seems to have been a 恐れる that it was too 広大な／多数の／重要な an 請け負うing for a small community, 同様に as a 疑惑 that it would in some 手段 干渉する with vested 利益／興味s, such as the carrying 貿易（する） of the river. その結果 the question was 許すd to lapse for a time.
(*Footnote.訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 25 July 1873 Inquirer 30 July 1873.)
Notwithstanding the 一般に 希望に満ちた feeling that 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd on 知事 Weld's 仮定／引き受けること of office, the 歳入 and 支出 during the 早期に years of his 行政 gave some 原因（となる） for disquiet. The 停止 of transportation 自然に brought about a 減少（する） in the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 支出. 追加するd to this, the year 1870 was 支配する to a 厳しい 干ばつ, 一般に 影響する／感情ing both the pastoral and 農業の 産業s, and a 天罰（を下す） of red rust, which had first made its 外見 in 1868, grew more pronounced.* These 原因（となる）s 連合させるd brought a shrinkage in income which at first 約束d to be serious, and called for the use of the pruning-knife in retrenchment, more 特に as the 支出, through the 操作／手術 of the very same 原因（となる）s, 増加するd 年一回の by a 公正に／かなり かなりの 量.**
(*Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 pages 40 to 41.)
(**Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
The general 拡大 of 貿易（する） and 産業 fortunately 行為／法令／行動するd in some 手段 as a counterpoise, and the 不景気 had little more than a passing 影響. Before the end of 1872 there were 調印するs of returning 繁栄, though it was not until 1874, when the 輸出（する）s 越えるd the 輸入するs, that 安定 was again 保証するd.* Wool, of course, continued to be the 中心的要素 商品／必需品--even though the pastoral 産業 was 妨害するd by 乾燥した，日照りの seasons and other drawbacks--the 量 sent away in 1874 存在 valued at 215,624 続けざまに猛撃するs.** After wool （機の）カム sandalwood, 木材／素質, pearls and pearl 爆撃する, guano, and minerals. The sandalwood 貿易（する） 変化させるd with the 地元の 需要・要求する for general 労働, and also with the prices 判決，裁定 at Singapore and other ports to which it was sent, but during these years it reached its highest point of 開発. From 1869 to 1874 the total value 輸出（する）d was 273,838 続けざまに猛撃するs, of which 70,572 続けざまに猛撃するs was 派遣（する）d in the latter year.***
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
The hardwood 木材／素質s were not やめる so much sought after, though the 創立／基礎s were 存在 laid for the important 貿易（する） in these 支持を得ようと努めるd which has since been developed. In 1869 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐 Bruce 知らせるd the 法律を制定する 会議 that over 100,000 続けざまに猛撃するs 価値（がある） of orders for jarrah from India had been 辞退するd 借りがあるing to the difficulty of 輸送（する） to the sea.* This was surmounted by 鉄道s and tramlines, and the 産業 began to (1)偽造する／(2)徐々に進む ahead. In 1871 a Victorian company began 操作／手術s at Wonnerup, and others followed.** The 傾向 of jarrah (1871)*** and karri (1873)**** by Lloyds の中で the A class of ship-building 木材／素質s brought these hardwoods more 永久的に before 買い手s, and the 輸出（する） 貿易（する）, which in 1872 had fallen to 2590 続けざまに猛撃するs, rose in 1874 to 24,192 続けざまに猛撃するs.*****
(*Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 26 June 1869 Perth Gazette 2 July 1869.)
(**Footnote. See 賭け金.)
(***Footnote. Earl of Kimberley to Weld 15 December 1871 enclosing letter from Lloyd's 登録（する）.)
(****Footnote. Inquirer 10 September 1873.)
(*****Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
The 開発 of the pearl and pearl-爆撃する 産業, which had attracted かなりの attention during the 早期に sixties after the 開始 up of the North-West, received a strong 刺激 早期に in 1869 through the 発見 of a pearl valued at 260 続けざまに猛撃するs. Like the finding of a nugget by a prospector, this 原因（となる）d a 穏やかな 急ぐ to engage in pearling, 特に as 爆撃する at that time would bring 180 続けざまに猛撃するs per トン. The number of boats engaged in the 貿易（する） was 大部分は 増加するd, and pearling became one of the recognised 産業s of the 植民地. In 1869 about 54 トンs of 爆撃する were raised, and sold for 6490 続けざまに猛撃するs; from then onward the 量 増加するd every year and in 1874 308 トンs were sold for 62,162 続けざまに猛撃するs, 同様に as pearls to the value of 12,000 続けざまに猛撃するs.*
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
The 主要な／長／主犯 fishing-grounds were off the coast around Nickol Bay. The 飛び込み was 成し遂げるd by natives, many of whom were women, and the 治療 of these latter was certainly not in many instances creditable to the white pearlers. So 激烈な／緊急の did the moral 面 of the question become that in the 利益／興味s of the aborigines the 法律を制定する 会議 was compelled to pass an 行為／法令／行動する 禁じるing the 雇用 of women as divers.* This 禁止 led to the 約束／交戦 of Malays, who were 設立する to be more 満足な in the deeper waters.** In 1874 some 500 divers of all classes were engaged along the coast.
(*Footnote. 34 Victoria Number 14. See also 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 14 December 1870 Perth Gazette 23 December 1870.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 28 April 1875.)
The lead and 巡査 地雷s in the 支持する／優勝者 Bay 地区 continued to be 逆に 影響する／感情d by the difficulties of 輸送（する）, and the 生産（高） fluctuated かなり. In 1870, 1215 トンs of 鉱石 valued at 14,604 続けざまに猛撃するs were raised, but in the に引き続いて years there was an appreciable 減少（する）, and it was not until 1874 that any 証拠 of 進歩 was 明らかな. In that year 2211 トンs of lead and 巡査 鉱石 were 輸出（する）d and sold for 26,723 続けざまに猛撃するs.*
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
The search for gold still continued, spurred on by the 政府's 申し込む／申し出 of a 特別手当 of 5000 続けざまに猛撃するs, which had been 延長するd to cover the 発見 of a payable field within 300 miles of any 宣言するd port.* In 1869 traces were discovered at North Dandalup, on the strength of which the prospectors 適用するd, without success, for the reward. In 1870 several 報告（する）／憶測s of 発見s were received--one on the Blackwood River and others on the Murchison. Gold certainly was 設立する on the Upper Irwin, but not in 十分な 量s to make it 価値（がある） 採掘 under the 極端に unfavourable 条件s that 存在するd, though several 試みる／企てるs were made. During this year (1870) the 国務長官 通知するd that the 栄冠を与える waived all 権利 to minerals on 栄冠を与える lands,** but the 譲歩 did not bring any payable field to light. 見本s of quartz from Kelmscott, Newcastle, and Baylup, assayed in Sydney in 1872, were all 設立する to 含む／封じ込める traces of gold, and the Rockingham Bay 採掘 Company 設立する it on the Serpentine. These 発見s*** over such a wide area induced the 会議 in 1873**** to 充てる 1500 続けざまに猛撃するs for the 目的 of prospecting, and a 私的な party 設立する 見本／標本s at Kendenup, about 40 miles from Albany. A company was formed to work this 地区, but its endeavours were without result. To afford every 施設, a quartz 殴打／砲列 was 築くd at Fremantle in 1874 to 鎮圧する 見本／標本s 設立する. All 成果／努力s, however, were fruitless, and though 報告（する）／憶測s of gold 発見s continued to be made known, the 植民地 was not able at that time to 追加する gold to the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of 輸出（する）s. Boring for coal was also carried on, but without any 満足な result.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 20 July 1869.)
(**Footnote. Earl Granville to Weld 16 February 1870.)
(***Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 23 June 1873 Perth Gazette 27 June 1873.)
(****Footnote. Perth Gazette 8 August 1873.)
Amongst all the energy and activity 陳列する，発揮するd, it is 残念な to find that the 広大な／多数の／重要な 最初の／主要な 産業--農業--苦しむd a serious 逆転する. Fields that had been tilled 定期的に for years were abandoned, and some of the smaller 解決／入植地s almost 砂漠d. The 推論する／理由s for this unfortunate 明言する／公表する of things were many. 真っ先の の中で them were the bad seasons and the repeated attacks of red rust in the wheat. Then ignorance of proper farming methods had almost exhausted the 国／地域, and その結果 the 産する／生じるs 減らすd even in good seasons. 木材／素質-cutting and pearling also 演習d some 影響（力）, and many of the 農業者s turned to those callings which, though more 危険な, 約束d greater returns for かなり いっそう少なく 労働 and afforded better 適切な時期s for social intercourse. Perhaps, too, the absence of specie and the system of 物々交換する that 得るd in most of the 田舎の 地区s had some 影響. There was little 願望（する） for 増加するd returns when the 増加する could only be 交流d for other 商品／必需品s and was rarely the means of bringing actual money to the 生産者.
The areas 影響する／感情d by red rust were principally the Victoria, 支持する／優勝者 Bay, and Irwin 地区s. In 1869/70 the trouble was accentuated by 干ばつ.* To 妨げる the 廃虚 of many of the smallholders, 陸軍大佐 Bruce, as 事実上の／代理 知事, spent over 3000 続けざまに猛撃するs in seed wheat for 配当 under a 社債 for 返済 after the 収穫.** This 一時的に gave heart to the 農業者s, and a 落ちる in the price of sandalwood in 1871 原因（となる）d many who had 砂漠d to return to the plough, as at any 率 a surer means of 暮らし. In that year flour to the value of 4822 続けざまに猛撃するs was 輸出（する）d.*** A return of the red-rust 疫病／悩ます in 1872 brought 広大な／多数の／重要な 苦しめる to the 植民／開拓者s in the 地区s について言及するd, and the flour 輸出（する）d that year was 減ずるd by half. The evil was more 明らかな still in the 後継するing years. In 1873 the area under wheat was 6000 acres いっそう少なく than in the previous year, and in 1874 a その上の 減少（する） of 2000 acres occurred. In both these years, and for many years afterwards, flour and 穀物 became articles of 輸入する in place of 輸出（する）.**** This loss of 利益／興味 in 農業の 追跡s is the one instance of regression during 知事 Weld's 行政.
(*Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 pages 40 to 41.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 26 June 1870 Perth Gazette 2 July 1870.)
(***Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(****Footnote. Ibid.)
解決／入植地 in the North-West received a 厳しい 後退 in March 1872, through a ハリケーン of exceptional 暴力／激しさ. The 地区 had 以前 been visited by サイクロンs, but 非，不，無 had done such serious 損失. Within half an hour the little town of Roebourne was destroyed by the 勝利，勝つd and rain, and many of the townspeople were 負傷させるd. Cossack--a new town on the coast--also 苦しむd, though not to the same extent. Many of the 無断占拠者s 一連の会議、交渉／完成する about were disastrously 影響する／感情d, and all within the sphere of 影響（力） 苦しむd more or いっそう少なく. In a few hours the results of many years' privations and hard work were swept away.*
(*Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of 政府 居住（者） 26 April 1872 Inquirer 15 May 1872.)
The importance of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立 速く dwindled with the 停止 of transportation. Where in 1869 there were 2836* men under 刑務所，拘置所 支配（する）／統制する, in 1878 there were but 608.** One serious feature was the growing number of 罪人／有罪を宣告する paupers and infirm persons. In 1871 there were 概算の to be nearly 800 in the 植民地 who had to be supported by the 政府. An 試みる／企てる was made to 説得する the 皇室の 政府 to 耐える this 重荷（を負わせる）, but without success.*** It was one of the 刑罰，罰則s that followed in the wake of the system, and for years was a 激しい 税金 upon the community. More than eight per cent of the 歳入 in 1872 went to support 刑務所，拘置所s, hospitals, and poorhouses.****
(*Footnote. Western Australian Blue 調書をとる／予約する 1869 page 169.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 1878 page 93.)
(***Footnote. Perth Gazette 19 April 1872.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian Blue 調書をとる／予約する 1872 pages 14 and 16.)
Out of a question of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 行政 there arose in 1870 a very serious 事例／患者 伴う／関わるing the liberty of the 圧力（をかける）, which not only created 普及した public 利益／興味, but gave rise to a bitterness of feeling that lasted for very many years. A ticket-of-leave 支えるもの／所有者 指名するd Young was brought 支援する to the 刑務所，拘置所 on the 令状 of the Comptroller-General for, it is believed, making reflections on the 管理／経営 of Fremantle 刑務所，拘置所. 疑問ing the 合法性 of the 訴訟／進行s, Young's wife 保持するd Mr. (now Sir) S.H. Parker, and 教えるd him to 適用する for a 令状 of 人身保護（令状）. Parker had an interview with Young, who was inclined to wait the result of an 控訴，上告 for mercy to the 知事 before taking other steps. This 控訴，上告 failed, and when Parker 適用するd to see Young over the 事柄 his 使用／適用 was 辞退するd on the ground that Young had 拒絶する／低下するd to see him. Parker visited the 刑務所，拘置所, but was 辞退するd 接近, その結果 he made the affidavit supporting the 使用／適用 himself.* The Comptroller-General complained that the affidavit was materially wrong, as it did not 明言する／公表する that Young 拒絶する／低下するd to see Parker. Parker 勧めるd that the point had really nothing to do with the question, as he had 現実に been 辞退するd 接近 to the 囚人. 裁判官 Burt, however, thought 異なって, and 罰金d Parker for malpractice and 不品行／姦通.** Smarting under what he felt was an 不正, Parker wrote a letter to the Inquirer criticising the 裁判官's 活動／戦闘 and 事実上 imputing prejudice--an imputation which an impartial review of the whole a fair will 支える.*** The Perth Gazette also espoused his 原因（となる）, and made some scathing 発言／述べるs about both the 裁判官 and the Comptroller-General.****
(*Footnote. Inquirer 19 October 1870.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. Inquirer 19 October 1870.)
(****Footnote. Perth Gazette 21 October 1870.)
Out of these 発言／述べるs arose the second 行う／開催する／段階 of the 訴訟／進行s, which （機の）カム 危険に 近づく a travesty of 司法（官）. Stirling Brothers, editors of the Inquirer, and Arthur Shenton, editor of the Gazette, were called by 裁判官 Burt before himself to explain their 活動／戦闘s. The editors regretted 出版（物）, but Shenton made some 試みる／企てる to 正当化する what he had done on the ground that the 活動／戦闘s of public men were open to fair and 合法的 comment. 裁判官 Burt then, after making some 試みる／企てる to explain why he sat in judgment on a 事例／患者 in which he was one of the most 利益／興味d parties, 宣告，判決d the Stirlings to thirty days' 監禁，拘置, and poor Shenton to two months with 100 続けざまに猛撃するs 罰金 in 新規加入.* At a その後の 行う／開催する／段階 Parker also was 罰金d 100 続けざまに猛撃するs for his 株 in the 訴訟／進行s.** The editors went to 刑務所，拘置所, but 産する／生じるing to 説得／派閥 they agreed to publish 陳謝s and were 解放（する）d.*** Shenton then 嘆願（書）d for a remission of the 罰金, but without avail. The 裁判官 脅すd attachment unless the 罰金 was paid forthwith. Both Shenton and Parker then 嘆願（書）d the 国務長官,**** but he 拒絶する／低下するd to 干渉する.***** 最終的に Shenton's 罰金 was remitted, but not until after his death, when the 裁判官's harshness could follow him no さらに先に, though it may have 与える／捧げるd に向かって his decease. The 出来事/事件 then の近くにd, but the 表明する, a younger newspaper, was not far from the truth when it 宣言するd that the whole community was "本気で alarmed at the 発見 of what a fearful engine the 法律s 明らかに 供給する and place in the 手渡すs of the 単独の 裁判官."****** The community せねばならない have been more 関心d about the 潔白 of the 行政 of 司法（官）.
(*Footnote. Ibid 4 November 1870.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 9 November and 14 December 1870; Perth Gazette 16 December 1870.)
(***Footnote. 表明する Fremantle 10 November 1870.)
(****Footnote. Weld to Earl of Kimberley 26 January and 1 February 1871.)
(*****Footnote. Earl of Kimberley to Weld 29 April 1871.)
(******Footnote. 表明する 10 November 1870.)
Native troubles, except in the North-West, had by this time 事実上 disappeared, and the 成果／努力s of the 立法機関 were directed rather に向かって the 保護 of the aborigines than に向かって repression. A Select 委員会 in 1871 示唆するd 認めるs of land under 確かな 条件s,* and in a 改正 of the land 規則s made some years later this idea was carried into 影響.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1871 Paper A3.)
A 事例／患者 showing the 願望（する） of the 政府 to afford the natives the 保護 of the 法律 arose in 1872. L.C. Burges was 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d at Perth before the P.M. (E.W. Landor) and three 司法（官）s for 狙撃 at a native with 意図 to kill. As a 事柄 of fact, the 黒人／ボイコット was 現実に killed in 試みる／企てるing to escape after 逮捕（する） for stealing Burges' saddle while the 植民／開拓者 was making a trip from Nickol Bay to Geraldton through a 地区 infested with savages. After 審理，公聴会 the 証拠, the 治安判事s 減ずるd the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 to one of 狙撃 with 意図 to do bodily 害（を与える）.* For this 知事 Weld, no 疑問 actuated by a 願望（する） to 保護する the natives, 一時停止するd Landor on the ground of partiality in favour of the （刑事）被告,** who was a member of an 影響力のある family. The 司法（官）s then 辞職するd in 抗議する.*** Burges was tried at the 最高裁判所 in September, and the 陪審／陪審員団 were 教えるd by 裁判官 Burt to return a 判決 of 殺人 or 過失致死. He was 設立する 有罪の of the latter and 宣告，判決d to five years' penal servitude.**** The severity of the 宣告，判決 原因（となる）d a 広大な／多数の／重要な 激しい抗議,***** and the 国務長官 was 控訴，上告d to. That 公式の／役人 directed the 知事 to 復帰させる Landor,****** but 辞退するd to remit the whole of the 宣告，判決 on Burges, although he 減ずるd it to one year.******* The 知恵 of punishing Burges at all may be 疑問d. Although in the settled 地区s little trouble was 原因（となる）d by the natives, they were still 敵意を持った in the North-West, and 殺人s of white 植民／開拓者s caught napping were not infrequent. Men who undertook the 重荷（を負わせる）s of 開拓するing and went out into unknown 地区s carried their lives in their 手渡すs, and to shoot quickly was often their only 保護（する）／緊急輸入制限. Such men may have been technically 有罪の of 殺人, but even that was より望ましい to 存在 stalked like game and treacherously 殺害された by 血-thirsty savages.
(*Footnote. Perth Gazette 7 June 1872.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 21 June 1872.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 13 September 1872.)
(*****Footnote. See 後継するing 問題／発行するs of Perth Gazette and Inquirer.)
(******Footnote. Earl of Kimberley to Weld 5 and 25 September and 19 November 1872.)
(*******Footnote. Ibid 27 December 1872.)
In the 事柄 of 探検* the period under review was perhaps the most important in the history of Western Australia, embracing as it did the memorable 一連の 旅行s undertaken by John Forrest and his brother, Alexander Forrest, which have since made the 指名する of Forrest famous in the geographical annals of the world. Up to 1869 every 試みる／企てる to 安全な・保証する （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） about the 広大な／多数の／重要な 内部の of Australia, stretching eastward from the 沿岸の 地区s of the West to far within the 国境s of South Australia, had been 不成功の. Stuart from the eastern 味方する of the continent, Eyre along the southern coast, A.C. Gregory from the north-west, and 追跡（する）, Lefroy, and the Gregorys travelling eastward from Northam and York, had all been 軍隊d 支援する by the 広大な／多数の／重要な desolation which met them on the 辛勝する／優位 of the 砂漠, barren, so far as could be 計器d, of everything necessary to 支える life. To the men who have shown hardihood--perhaps recklessness--in their endeavours to 侵入する that awful barrenness and give to science an 正確な knowledge of it, Australia 借りがあるs a 負債 of 感謝 that no 表現 of 賞賛 can fully 返す. The first 試みる／企てる, that made by Western Australia's greatest son, John Forrest, was まず第一に／本来 undertaken in the hope of solving the mystery surrounding the 運命／宿命 of Leichhardt. While 調査するing in the Hampton Plains 地区 in 1866, 追跡（する） and 魚の卵 had been told by the natives stories of white men 殺人d さらに先に east, on the shores of a 広大な／多数の／重要な lake. The accounts were so circumstantial that hopes were raised that at last the 運命／宿命 of Leichhardt's party was to be 始める，決める at 残り／休憩（する）. Dr. (afterwards Baron) 出身の Mueller, who had …を伴ってd A.C. Gregory in 1856, and was in 1866 in the 雇う of the 政府 of Victoria, 申し込む／申し出d to lead an 探検隊／遠征隊 to the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す, and the 法律を制定する 会議 made a 認める に向かって defraying the expenses of the trip. Fortunately, perhaps, for Australian 発見, 出身の Mueller 設立する that his 約束／交戦s would not 許す him to go, and the leadership was conferred upon Jo hn Forrest. Then a young officer in the 調査する Department. With him went George Monger (as second in 命令（する）) Malcolm Hamersley, and David Morgan, 同様に as two native guides, Tommy Windich and Jemmy Mungaroo.
(*Footnote. 当局: Favenc, E. History of Australian 探検 1888; Calvert, A.F. 探検 of Australia 1844 to 1896 1896; and published 定期刊行物s of explorers. Where other 当局 are used they are 特に について言及するd.)
Leaving Perth on 15 April 1869, Forrest made for the locality where the bones were said to 嘘（をつく）, 尋問 the natives as he went. The result of these 尋問s led him to believe that the bones were not those of white men, but those of Austin's horses lost 近づく 毒（薬） 激しく揺する in 1856. 満足させるd that to proceed さらに先に in that direction would be fruitless, he turned his steps eastward and continued as far as longitude 122 degrees 50 minutes east, 指名するing as he went his さまざまな 発見s--Lake Barlee, 開始するs Ida, Leonora, Malcolm, Margaret, and many smaller features of the country. Returning by a more northerly 大勝する through barren 領土, the explorers reached Newcastle on the 4th and Perth on 6 August, having been absent 113 days, and having travelled over 2000 miles. Though he failed in the main 反対する of the 探検隊／遠征隊--to 始める，決める the 運命／宿命 of Leichhardt at 残り／休憩（する）--Forrest 得るd a reliable 調査する of a 地区 hitherto unknown, and withdrew one more 地区 from the unexplored 地域s of the 植民地. The country 横断するd was, he 明言する／公表するd, worthless for pastoral or 農業の 目的s, but would 井戸／弁護士席 返す 徹底的な 地質学の examination, as it gave every 指示，表示する物 of 存在 an auriferous zone.
Soon after the return of the explorers, Dr. 出身の Mueller 示唆するd that Forrest should be placed in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of an 探検隊／遠征隊 to 診察する 完全に the country between the Murchison River and the 湾 of Carpentaria. 知事 Weld felt that such a 旅行 would 伴う／関わる too 広大な／多数の／重要な an expense. At the same time he was anxious to 安全な・保証する その上の （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the southern coast, and その結果 in the に引き続いて year (1870) Forrest entered upon his memorable trip from Perth to Adelaide by way of Eucla. Since Eyre's trying experience, no one had 後継するd in 横断するing the whole distance, though Major Warburton, in 1860, from the South Australian 味方する, reached a point nearly a hundred miles beyond the 長，率いる of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Australian bight, and Delisser in 1865 had just crossed the 国境 from the east.
基金s were 投票（する）d, and 手はず／準備 were made for the schooner Adur to 会合，会う the explorers with 供給（する）s at Esperance Bay, Israelite Bay, and Eucla. The party consisted of John Forrest (leader) Alexander Forrest (second in 命令（する）) H. Mclarty, W. Osborne, and Tommy Windich and another native. The party, with fifteen horses, left Perth on 30 March 1870, 存在 …を伴ってd for a few miles out by 知事 Weld. Taking a south-easterly course through Kojonup and across the Fitzgerald and Phillips Rivers, Forrest reached Esperance Bay, where the schooner met them with 供給（する）s. From that point an easterly stretch of 130 miles brought the explorers to Israelite Bay. Starting afresh from there on 30 May, they were compelled through want of water to strike northwards to a 永久の 供給（する） discovered by Eyre, and then make a dash through waterless country to Eucla, where the schooner was to を待つ them. On this 部分 of the 旅行 they 苦しむd 厳しく from かわき, 強めるd by the difficulties they had to 遭遇（する）. After a short trip inland, Forrest left Eucla on 8 July and entering South Australian 領土 圧力（をかける）d on to Adelaide, which he reached on 27 August, having 遂行するd the distance between the two 資本／首都s in five months. Forest's opinion of the country passed through on the Western Australian 味方する was distinctly favourable. The land was 井戸／弁護士席 grassed, and in some places water was procurable at 穏健な depths. "If," he said, "water could be procured on the tableland, it would be the finest pastoral 地区 of Western Australia." The party returned to Perth by sea, arriving there on 27 September, after an absence of 182 days.
In 1871 Alexander Forrest with a small party 始める，決める out eastward in search of new pastoral land, but 借りがあるing to the lateness of the season when they started, the leader was compelled to make for the coast after 侵入するing for some distance beyond the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す upon which Kalgoorlie now stands. After reaching Esperance he returned to Perth, having 横断するd some 600 miles and discovered pastoral country much of which has since been 占領するd.*
(*Footnote. Inquirer 22 November 1871.)
The tale of 探検 was now taken up, both 公式に and 個人として, in South Australia, and endeavours were made by travelling 西方の from the 陸路の telegraph line to 安全な・保証する more 限定された knowledge of the still unknown 内部の. The first of these 探検隊／遠征隊s was 命令（する）d by Ernest Giles, an old digger and 政府 公式の／役人, who must always remain in the 前線 階級 of those explorers who have conferred 広大な／多数の／重要な 利益 upon Western Australia. 存在 供給するd only with horses, Giles failed in his first 試みる／企てる in 1872 even to reach the 国境, and in his second only 後継するd in 侵入するing a little beyond it, 存在 driven 支援する by want of water. The 願望（する） to 調査する the 広大な／多数の／重要な Australian 砂漠 still, however, remained, and in 1873 two 探検隊／遠征隊s went out. One of these, 促進するd by the 政府 of South Australia, was under the leadership of William Christie Gosse, 副 Surveyor-General of South Australia, and the other, 予定 to the liberality of Mr. (afterwards Sir) Thomas 年上の and Captain Walter Hughes, was 命令（する）d by Major P. Egerton Warburton. Gosse left Alice Springs in April, and though he did not 後継する in reaching the west coast, entered Western Australia 近づく the Tomkinson 範囲s, and 診察するd those and the Cavenagh and Barrow 範囲s. Major Warburton's 探検隊／遠征隊 was more successful. Starting from Alice Springs on 15 April with a small party, and using camels in place of horses, he reached a 支流 of the Oakover on 4 December and De Grey 駅／配置する on 11 January 1874. Though the 砂漠 had been crossed, little （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） was gleaned about the country. 借りがあるing to repeated 延期するs, 準備／条項s ran short and sickness occurred. Warburton therefore 決定するd to 押し進める through as quickly as possible, travelling by night, and thus there was little 適切な時期 of 診察するing the character of the surrounding 砂漠. Such opinions as they were able to 申し込む／申し出 were distinctly unfavourable: the country was sterile, watercourses of a 永久の nature did not 存在する, and any 試みる／企てる to cross with horses mu st end in 災害.
一方／合間, John Forrest was 勧めるing the desirability of a その上の 探検隊／遠征隊 setting out from Perth with a 類似の 反対する in 見解（をとる）: to settle the question as to the character of the 広大な／多数の／重要な central 砂漠 and ascertain whether a practicable 大勝する could be 設立する between Western Australia and the more 前進するd eastern 植民地s. In 1872 he 申し込む／申し出d to led an 探検隊／遠征隊 from 支持する／優勝者 Bay along the course of the Murchison River and across the 内部の to the South Australian telegraph line. The 知事 recognised the value that such an 請け負うing would have, and the 法律を制定する 会議 投票（する）d 400 続けざまに猛撃するs に向かって the cost of the 探検隊／遠征隊, the public subscribing the 残りの人，物. The 公式の／役人 指示／教授／教育s were "to 得る （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the 巨大な tract of country from which flow the Murchison, Gascoyne, Ashburton, De Grey, Fitzroy, and other rivers 落ちるing into the sea on the western and northern shores of this 領土." After that, the その上の course of the 探検隊／遠征隊 was to be at the discretion of the leader. The party, which consisted of John Forrest (leader) Alexander Forrest (second) James Sweeney, James Kennedy, and the native Tommy Windich and another aboriginal, left Perth, equipped with twenty-one horses and eight months' 蓄える／店s, on 18 March 1874. Leaving Yuin a month later, and striking the Murchison River, they followed it as far as the Robinson 範囲, and then turned south-east to 開始するs Bartle and Russell, whence they followed a north-easterly course to the Kimberley and Frere 範囲s and reached Weld Springs, where an 豊富 of excellent water could be 得るd. So far they had met with no difficulty, having 横断するd a 地区 admirably ふさわしい in the main for grazing 目的s, but from Weld Springs eastward the country was principally spinifex 砂漠, with fresh water only here and there. So 大いに did they を煩う want of water that a return on their 跡をつけるs at one time seemed 必然的な. The indomitable courage of the leader, however, encouraged them to 圧力（をかける） 今後, and 最終的に they reached 永久の water at Barlee Springs in a neighbourhood already 横断するd by Giles and Gosse. From this point on, though difficulties and privations were 遭遇（する）d, these were not to be compared with those they had surmounted, and the whole party reached the 頂点（に達する） Telegraph 駅／配置する on 27 September and Adelaide on 3 November. The course had been 大部分は 決定するd by the 可能性 of finding water. Forrest was unable on this account to proceed as far into the tropics or 調査する as much to the south as he wished, but in spite of these drawbacks the 旅行 will always 階級 as one of the most remarkable feats of endurance on 記録，記録的な／記録する. Starting with twenty-one horses to cross a 砂漠 where it had been 宣言するd horses could not live, he saved twelve of them, and that without hurrying. Careful 公式文書，認めるs were made of all the country 横断するd, and every 警戒 taken to make the results 価値のある to geographical science. To no one does the history of Western Australian 探検 借りがある more than to John Forrest.
In the に引き続いて year (1875) Giles, through the generosity of Sir Thomas 年上の, was enabled to make a third 試みる／企てる to cross the continent. This time, equipped with camels, he 後継するd with comparative 緩和する, and 論証するd the 広大な／多数の／重要な 優越 of those animals over horses in 探検の／予備の work over waterless country. Reaching Perth on 18 November, he started on his return 旅行 in the に引き続いて January, taking a course between those of Warburton and Forrest. This 旅行 also he 遂行するd in safety, thus 伸び（る）ing the honour of having twice 横断するd the continent. His experiences 確認するd those of Forrest, that the 内部の of Australia is a sandy 砂漠 unfit for 解決／入植地 of any 肉親，親類d. The 砂漠 had been pierced in four places, and though it showed no trace of land suitable for 農業の 目的s, the results of the 探検隊／遠征隊s were invaluable to science, and 始める，決める at 残り／休憩（する） for good the question of the 存在 of an inland sea.
に向かって the end of 1874 Weld was 任命するd 知事 of Tasmania, and left Western Australia in December for his new sphere of 義務. As 知事 of Western Australia he was not altogether popular. Several of his 活動／戦闘s failed to 会合，会う with 是認. Perhaps the 長，指導者 原因（となる） was to be 設立する in the 決定するd 対立 he showed に向かって a 保護の 関税, and to the fact that during his 行政 the people learned how small was the kernel within the 爆撃する of 代表者／国会議員 政府. 見解（をとる）d from a distance of nearly half a century, 知事 Weld's 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office 示すs the turning-point in the history of Western Australian 解決／入植地. The change 伴う／関わるd by the 停止 of transportation, with the necessary diminution of 皇室の 支出, was brought about without any ill results; modern methods and conveniences were brought into 操作／手術; 広範囲にわたる 探検 was encouraged and その上のd; and every 成果／努力 made to bring Western Australia into line with her more favoured sisters in the east. Far-seeing and 決定するd, and yet at the same time courteous and 懐柔的な, Frederick Weld must be considered one of the most successful 知事s who had up to that time guided the 運命s of the 植民地.
AGITATION FOR ALTERATION OF CONSTITUTION.
LEGISLATION.
LAND LAWS AND REGULATIONS.
IMMIGRATION.
RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT.
RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES.
CONVICT ESTABLISHMENT.
EXPLORATIONS.
MISCELLANEOUS.
知事 Weld's 後継者, Mr. (afterwards Sir) William Cleaver Francis Robinson, arrived at Fremantle from Albany in the Georgette on 11 January 1875. Trained in the 皇室の Service, Mr. Robinson 異なるd from previous 知事s in that he was conversant with 植民地の Office methods and 意向s, and had therefore a better idea of how 植民地の aspirations were likely to be 見解（をとる）d by the Home 当局. We have seen how he used that knowledge to discourage the 提案s for responsible 政府. The agitation was 生き返らせるd with the advent of Sir Harry St. George Ord as 知事 in 1877, but he was 平等に disinclined to give it any favourable support. The same 態度 was 観察するd by Sir William Cleaver Robinson during his second 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語, which lasted from 1880 to 1883; その結果 but little 進歩 was made に向かって bringing the 事柄 to a 長，率いる.
In July 1878 Mr. (now Sir) S.H. Parker, then newly elected to the 法律を制定する 会議, moved for the introduction of a 法案 to 修正する the 憲法.* The 審議 showed that the members were not at that time 用意が出来ている to assent to any 激烈な change, though it was 一般に 認める that continued vexatious 干渉，妨害 on the part of the 植民地の Office would 必然的に 強化する the 手渡すs of those who 願望（する）d responsible 政府. Though Parker's 動議 was lost,** he did not 中止する to 支持する a change, and there is no 疑問 that the 認める of 十分な self-政府 to the 植民地 some dozen years later was 大部分は 予定 to the earnest 成果／努力s which he put 前へ／外へ. An 試みる／企てる was made, though without any 示すd success, to make the question a 決定的な one during the 選挙運動 for the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1880,*** and in 1882 Parker was again 敗北・負かすd on moving that an 演説（する）／住所 be 現在のd to the 知事 asking for the introduction of a 法案.****
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 3 pages 213 to 218, 221 et seq.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 3 page 218.)
(***Footnote. Inquirer 25 February 1880.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 7 pages 227 and 246.)
At a later date he moved, and this time with success, that an 演説（する）／住所 be 現在のd asking the 知事 to 得る from the 国務長官 a 声明 of the 条件 and 条件s upon which 自治 would be 認めるd to the 植民地, as it was felt that the 財政上の 必要物／必要条件s of the 行為／法令／行動する 13 and 14 Victoria c.59 could be carried out.* Here the 事柄 was 許すd to 残り／休憩（する） for the time, more 特に as the 会議 was then, and had been for some years 以前, busily engaged over questions of more 即座の 関心 to the 構成要素 福利事業 of the people. Out of the discussions, however, there （機の）カム what appeared to the colonists to be an advantage--an alteration in the 憲法 of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議. In 1873 Mr. 物陰／風下 Steere had 勧めるd that this 団体／死体 should be made 諮問の rather than be 許すd to remain as it really was, the actual 治める／統治するing 力／強力にする of the community; and this 表現 of opinion was not without 影響. On 4 July 1878, the 知事 was 権力を与えるd by 王室の 指示／教授／教育s "to 任命する, in 新規加入 to the ex-officio members, such persons as he may think fit to be members of our said (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議, but so that the number of such 非公式の members shall never 越える the number of two."** Of course any such 任命s were to be 支配する to the 是認 of the 栄冠を与える. At the same time 準備／条項 was made whereby the 知事 could 任命する some particular member to 統括する in the 事例／患者 of his absence, failing which the 上級の 公式の／役人 member would 行為／法令／行動する. 付加 王室の 指示／教授／教育s were received in 1879*** 限界ing the 公式の／役人 members to six and 規制するing their 優先, the two 非公式の 任命s 存在 still 許すd. The 許可 to 含む 非公式の members in the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 was not really 行為／法令／行動するd upon until 1884, when J.G. 物陰／風下 Steere was 任命するd,**** although J.H. Thomas, Commissioner of Public 作品, had been made an "非公式の" member in 1879.***** The only alteration which took place in the 法律を制定する 会議 was made in 1882, when by the 創造 of the Gascoyn e 地区 the 会員の地位 was 増加するd to twenty-four.****** Proxy 投票（する）ing had already (in 1877)******* been 廃止するd in favour of the system of 投票（する）ing by 投票（する） in vogue in the eastern 植民地s.
(*Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 8 pages 33 to 37.)
(**Footnote. Hicks-Beach to Sir Harry Ord 4 July 1878 enclosing copy of 指示／教授／教育s.)
(***Footnote. Hicks-Beach to Officer 治めるing 政府 of Western Australia 8 April 1879.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 7 August 1884.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 27 May 1879.)
(******Footnote. 46 Victoria Number 24. Queen's assent 通知するd in Western Australian 政府 Gazette 27 February 1883.)
(*******Footnote. 41 Victoria Number 15. Queen's assent 通知するd in Western Australian 政府 Gazette 8 April 1879.)
In the 事柄 of 法律制定 the period 1875 to 1883 was not 特に prolific. The 関税 question, which seems to have become a hardy 年次の in Australian politics, was again raised in 1876, when a （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 was 任命するd to 報告（する）／憶測 upon the advisability of 改正. This （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 recommended* that corn, flour, meal, salt meat, and さまざまな minor 商品／必需品s should be placed upon the 解放する／自由な 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）. Although these were the very articles over which the 支持するs of 保護 and 自由貿易 had had some very warm arguments, the 報告（する）／憶測 seemed to have been agreed to almost without 発言／述べる,** and 自由貿易 to have been recognised as the 受託するd 政策, 義務s 存在 制限するd to the 必要物／必要条件s of the 歳入. But as the 課税 through the customs 量d to over 3 続けざまに猛撃するs per 長，率いる,*** the 自由貿易 原則 must have been かなり 修正するd by 保護貿易論者 practice. This became more 明らかな in 1879, when the 植民地 was 直面するd with a 不景気, and customs 義務s were looked to as a means of 安全な・保証するing 十分な 歳入. These 義務s, 課すd at the instance of the 政府, had, it was explained, nothing to do with the 原則 of 自由貿易, but were 単に a 事柄 of expediency and would only last for three years.**** The （衆議院の）議長 (Sir Luke s. 漏れる) and S.H. Parker***** 堅固に …に反対するd the 提案s, 特に in regard to flour, bran, corn, and other 穀物, but in 直面する of the necessity of 安全な・保証するing money by some form of 課税 they were 可決する・採択するd. The cry that the 義務s were a 重荷（を負わせる） upon the working classes was quickly raised, and during the 後継するing two years 成果／努力s were made to have them 減ずるd, but without avail. In fact, when the three years for which they were 課すd had 満了する／死ぬd, instead of 存在 廃止するd the 義務s were 確認するd and made 永久の, and general feeling then 存在 that if money for the necessary public 作品 was to be 安全な・保証するd, the 政策 of the country must be one of 保護.******
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1876 報告（する）／憶測 of （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 Paper Number 2.)
(**Footnote. Ibid pages 47 to 48.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian Blue 調書をとる／予約する 1876: customs 領収書s 85,177 続けざまに猛撃するs, 全住民 27,321.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 4 page 269.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid pages 271, 274 to 275.)
(******Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 7 pages 61 et seq and 102 et seq.)
Besides the 関税, the only 事柄s of importance from a 法律を制定する 見地 were a 改革（する） in the method of 問題／発行するing land-肩書を与えるs, and さまざまな 改正s of the land 規則s. Robert R. Torrens, in South Australia, had 発展させるd a simple method of transferring land-肩書を与えるs which had been 設立する to work admirably. By its 操作／手術 the whole コンビナート／複合体 system of conveyances was swept away and its place taken by a simple 文書, which not only showed at a ちらりと見ること the さまざまな 処理／取引s that had taken place with regard to the land, but also 公表する／暴露するd at once to the purchaser any encumbrances in the way of mortgage or 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 that might be in 存在; "everything was concentrated into one plain and portable compass." A 法案 based upon the South Australian 行為／法令／行動する was passed by the 会議 in 1874* and （機の）カム into 操作／手術 on 1 July 1875; 改正s have been made from time to time, but the 原則 still remains in 操作／手術. The 設立 of this system was considered a favourable 適切な時期 for a 完全にする 改正 of the land 規則s, and a 委員会 was 任命するd by the 会議** to 草案 necessary alterations. 含むd in these was one made at the instance of the Surveyor-General, 供給するing that persons 持つ／拘留するing a special 占領／職業 licence or the 料金 simple should have the 権利 to depasture four 長，率いる of 在庫／株 on 隣接するing 栄冠を与える lands for every 100 acres, with a 最大限 of twenty 長，率いる. If the land owned or licensed was cultivated, then the owner or licensee could depasture one 長，率いる (up to twenty) for every seven acres under cultivation.
(*Footnote. 38 Victoria Number 13.)
(**Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 page 21; 報告（する）／憶測 of 委員会 ibid Paper Number A3.)
The 報告（する）／憶測 of the 委員会 was 可決する・採択するd by the 会議 in 1876* and the 修正するd 規則s 今後d for the 是認 of the 植民地の Office.** The 国務長官 was "not indisposed to assent," but sought その上の （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） on 確かな 条項s.*** On 領収書 of this**** the 規則s were 認可するd,***** and （機の）カム into 軍隊 in September 1878.***** By them all previous 規則s except so far as they referred to 存在するing 契約s were 廃止するd.****** Assent to the 規則s was much more easily 伸び（る）d than in previous years. The 皇室の 当局 seem to have been slowly learning that the 植民地の 立法機関s were 公正に／かなり competent to を取り引きする 地元の 事柄s, and that as regards land 規則s 特に they had a more intimate knowledge of the 条件s necessary for the 開発 of successful land 解決／入植地 than any English 大臣 was likely to 所有する.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 1876 page 175.)
(**Footnote. Robinson to Earl of Carnarvon 20 February 1877.)
(***Footnote. Earl of Carnarvon to Officer 治めるing 政府 13 July 1877.)
(****Footnote. 陸軍大佐 収穫 to Earl of Carnarvon 27 September 1877.)
(*****Footnote. Earl of Carnarvon to Sir H. Ord 30 November 1877.)
(******Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 14 September 1878.)
(*******Footnote. 規則s 条項 1.)
The new 規則s, under which the Surveyor-General became in 新規加入 Commissioner of 栄冠を与える lands, divided the 植民地 into four 地区s--the Central, Central-Eastern, Northern, and South-Eastern--the lands in each 存在 分類するd as town, 郊外の, 田舎の, and mineral. All 田舎の lands in the Central 地区 were 利用できる for sale in lots of not いっそう少なく than 40 acres, at a 最小限 of 10 shillings per acre; in the other 地区s 400 acres was the 最小限 section and 5 shillings per acre the upset price. Pastoral lands were divided into two classes instead of three as 以前は; first-class land was that 構成するd in the area bounded on the south and west by the sea-coast, on the north by the Murchison River, and on the east by a line drawn from the 首脳会議 of 開始する Bompas through the 首脳会議s of Wongan Hill and 開始する Stirling to the mouth of the Fitzgerald River; while the second class 構成するd the remaining pastoral lands in the 植民地. First-class land could be 安全な・保証するd by 年次の licence in 封鎖するs of not いっそう少なく than 3000 acres, except where other 境界s 介入するd, or could be 賃貸し（する）d for fourteen years in 封鎖するs of 10,000 acres or over. Second class land could be 賃貸し（する）d for fourteen years in 封鎖するs of 20,000 acres, the rent to be 5 shillings per 1000 acres for the first and 10 shillings per 1000 acres for the second seven years. Lessees could also under 確かな 条件s 安全な・保証する a preemptive 権利 during the 通貨 of the 賃貸し（する） over 封鎖するs of not いっそう少なく than 1000 acres, but in such 事例／患者s an 年次の 賃貸しの of 5 続けざまに猛撃するs per 1000 acres had to be paid in 前進する. The cost of the 料金 simple of such lands in the Northern 地区 was 5 shillings per acre during the first seven years and 10 shillings per acre afterwards; in other 地区s 2 shillings and 6 pence and 5 shillings per acre によれば the time of 購入（する）. The 規則s also 供給するd for 木材／素質 licences at the 率 of 20 続けざまに猛撃するs for each 640 acres of 木材／素質 country; such licences, however, did not 許す the cutting, hewing, and 除去するing 木材／素質 in 本体，大部分／ばら積みの or for piles. For this a 料金 of 3 続けざまに猛撃するs per month for each man 雇うd was 要求するd, and for each sawyer 5 shillings per month. Licences to 削減（する） sandalwood or bark cost 2 shillings and 6 pence per month. Special licences for fourteen years for cutting 木材／素質 could also be procured. Little or no change was made in the 存在するing 規則s regarding 毒（薬） and mineral country, but special 認めるs were 許すd to volunteers who had served two years or more and to 移民，移住（する）s. This latter 譲歩 was not, however, 十分な to induce suitable persons from the 部隊d Kingdom to emigrate to Western Australia.
The 開始 up of the Kimberley 地区 made it necessary that special 規則s should be でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd 取引，協定ing with the lands of that area.* These were 問題／発行するd in November 1880,** and 供給するd that the price of the 料金 simple in 田舎の sections of not いっそう少なく than 200 acres should be 10 shillings per acre. A 特別手当 of 500 acres in 料金 simple was 申し込む／申し出d to the person or company producing 熱帯の or 半分-熱帯の 製品s, with an 付加 500 acres to the first two persons who earned the 特別手当. The 最小限 areas of pastoral 賃貸し（する）s were 50,000 acres with a river frontage and 20,000 without, the 賃貸し（する）s to 延長する to the end of 1893. The rent was to be 10 shillings per 1000 acres, on 条件 that before the expiry of two years from the date of the 賃貸し（する） each 1000 acres was to be 在庫／株d with two 長，率いる of cattle or twenty sheep.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1880 Paper Number 20 含む／封じ込めるing 派遣（する） 知事 Robinson to Earl of Kimberley 25 June 1880 enclosing copy of 提案するd 規則s and cable from Lord Kimberley 26 August 1880 一般に 認可するing. See also Earl of Kimberley to Sir William Robinson 14 September 1880 directing slight alterations.)
(**Footnote. The 規則s were published in Western Australian 政府 Gazette 21 September 1880 and were regazetted with slight alterations as directed on 29 November 1880.)
In 1882 these special 規則s were 含むd in a 改正 of the land 規則s 一般に, when 確かな modifications were made in those published in 1878.* Instead of four the 植民地 was divided into five 地区s, Kimberley 存在 the fifth. The 限界 of two years for 在庫／株ing in the Kimberley 地区 was 増加するd to three,** but no 激烈な alterations were made in the general 規則s.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1882 pages 357 to 384.)
(**Footnote. Land 規則s 1882 条項 73.)
These 規則s were 非難するd without hesitation by the Commissioner of 栄冠を与える Lands (John Forrest) in 1883, who pointed out* that the 権利 of 解放する／自由な and unfettered 選択 by 購入（する） permitted, if it did not 強要する, leaseholders to buy up the springs and waterholes on their 賃貸し（する）s ーするために 安全な・保証する their runs from outside purchasers. The result was that the whole country was 存在 spoiled by small 料金-simple 場所s 存在 dotted all over it. It would have been better, he considered, to have given leaseholders reasonable 保護 and longer 賃貸し（する）s if necessary, but not a preemptive 権利 over any 部分 of them. When necessity arose, the 無断占拠者 should be 要求するd to give way to the agriculturist, but until that 明言する／公表する of things 現実に happened, he should be made 安全な・保証する in his 賃貸し（する）. A 委員会, of which Forrest was a member, was 任命するd in 1883 to consider the 事柄, and recommended,** though not 全員一致で, that the 無断占拠者 should be する権利を与えるd to a 再開 of his 賃貸し（する） for a その上の 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語. As the 推薦 meant 賃貸し（する）ing the land until 1901 at the same rent as was paid at the beginning, かなりの 多様制 of opinion was shown, but in the result the 原則 of 再開 in the 事例／患者 of Kimberley pastoral 賃貸し（する）s was 譲歩するd by the 法律を制定する 会議*** and 認可するd by the 国務長官.****
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 8 pages 266 to 267.)
(**Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 2nd 開会／開廷／会期 1883 Paper A12.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 8 pages 310 et seq, 400 to 410.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1884 page 389.)
Though these two 事柄s--the 関税 行為／法令／行動する and Land 規則s--構成するd the 本体，大部分／ばら積みの of the 法律を制定する work during these years, the 政府 was 特に active in the direction of 移民／移住 and of public 作品, 特に 鉄道s. 準備／条項 for encouraging 移民／移住 had been made in the land 規則s, but had not 達成するd any 際立った result; the growth of 産業s and the 開発 of an 輸出（する） 貿易（する）, which might reasonably have been 推定する／予想するd to bring new people, had not done so; neither did any influx follow the 停止 of transportation. Not only were these 原因（となる）s looked to as a means for bringing about a 満足な 新規加入 to the 全住民 from outside; they were 推論する／理由s why such 新規加入 was necessary. The 停止 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs meant that ticket-of-leave men were not 利用できる to 供給（する） the 労働 market; the 開発 of 産業s could not proceed without 労働; and land 解決／入植地 could not be 延長するd unless 農業者s with some means and 農業の experience could be induced to make Western Australia their home. Other means having failed, the suggestion of 補助装置ing 移民／移住 was 討議するd in 1873, and in 1874, after some discussion, the 法律を制定する 会議 authorised the 知事 to spend such an 量 as he might consider necessary for 移民／移住 目的s, 1000 続けざまに猛撃するs of it to be spent in bringing out Chinese or Javanese 苦力s.* Steps were at once taken to carry out the 目的 of the 投票（する）, and between 1875 and 1877 nearly 2000 persons were brought to the 植民地 at a cost of about 15,000 続けざまに猛撃するs.** To 持つ／拘留する them after they arrived, it was 供給するd that each adult 移民，移住（する） of the 労働ing class would, after two years' 住居, be する権利を与えるd to select up to 50 acres of the unimproved 栄冠を与える lands open to 選択, while those between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one were 許すd 25 acres. No family could, however, receive in the aggregate more than 150 acres. 確かな 改良s had then to be 影響d within three years to 安全な・保証する the 料金 simple.*** The 誘導s , however, do not seem to have 証明するd 十分に strong. A large 割合 of those 補助装置d, attracted no 疑問 by the superior advantages and more settled 条件s of the eastern 植民地s, made their way thither, and it became evident that 事実上 Western Australia was 支払う／賃金ing away money to 増加する the 全住民 of Victoria and New South むちの跡s. To 妨げる this, all 移民，移住（する）s landed after 1876 were, at the suggestion of 知事 Robinson, compelled to enter into an 協定 to remain for three years in the 植民地 or refund the whole of their passage money.**** Even with this 制限 the number of people who arrived was far from 満足な, and in 1878 it was decided to spend 4500 続けざまに猛撃するs in 得るing Chinese or coolie 労働, and 2500 続けざまに猛撃するs on European 移民，移住（する）s.***** On account of the 対立 manifested に向かって the idea,****** only a few Chinese were 輸入するd, and those under a three years' 契約.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1874 pages 58 to 59 and 71 and Paper A4.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian Blue 調書をとる／予約するs 1875 to 1877.)
(***Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1874 報告（する）／憶測 of Select 委員会 Paper A4.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 1 page 3.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 3 pages 131 to 136.)
(******Footnote. Inquirer 3 July 1878.)
The 行為／行う of these was みなすd by some to be so 満足な that it was 提案するd to spend an 付加 2000 続けざまに猛撃するs in 1879 on the introduction of others. This was very 温かく 審議d, and though 最終的に 認可するd by the 会議* was never carried out, as 知事 Ord, evidently impressed by the arguments of the 対立, considered the introduction of 契約 外国人s would be 極端に unsatisfactory. The general question of introducing Chinese into Australia was considered at an の間の-植民地の 会議／協議会 held in Sydney in 1881, at which 長，指導者 司法（官） Wrensfordsley 代表するd Western Australia. Though 教えるd not to enter into the discussion,** he 非公式に pointed out that a 政策 of 非，不，無-introduction which ふさわしい Victoria and South Australia might not be agreeable to either Queensland or Western Australia, both of which had 熱帯の areas to develop.*** The 会議／協議会, 存在 堅固に …に反対するd to the 輸入 of Chinese into Western Australia, decided to 言及する the 事柄 to the 国務長官,**** who replied that he would 要求する 限定された （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） of serious 傷害 to the eastern 植民地s to 正当化する him in 干渉するing with the 手はず／準備 of the Western Australian 政府.***** Other 移民／移住 was not successful; any 増加する through arrivals was more than counterbalanced by 出発s; the 全住民, which in 1878 stood at 28,166, had only reached 31,700 in 1883, an 増加する which the births would fully account for.******
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 4 pages 7 and 146 to 152.)
(**Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 2nd 開会／開廷／会期 1881 Paper Number 12.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 8.)
(****Footnote. See Minutes of 訴訟／進行s of the 会議／協議会 in New South むちの跡s 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 議会 1880 to 1881 容積／容量 1 page 353.)
(*****Footnote. Earl of Kimberley to Sir W. Robinson 11 May 1881.)
(******Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
Even if it did not in every way give that satisfaction which was 推定する／予想するd from it, 代表者／国会議員 政府 certainly 正当化するd its 設立 by the energy with which it undertook a 進歩／革新的な public 作品 政策, more 特に in the direction of 鉄道 拡張. The Geraldton to Northampton line, the first 政府 line in the 植民地, was, after many vicissitudes 原因（となる）d through the questions of 計器 and 予期しない 支出, opened for traffic in 1879. Before that was 遂行するd it had also been decided to 建設する a line from Fremantle to Guildford through Perth, to form the first section of a trunk line to the eastern 地区s. It was 初めは 示唆するd that this line should be built by a 私的な company, the 政府 保証（人）ing 6 per cent 利益／興味 on the 資本／首都 for a 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of years.* The 国務長官** did not look with favour upon the 提案, as in so many 事例／患者s of 私的な construction of 国家の 公共事業（料金）／有用性s the ultimate 重荷（を負わせる） fell upon the public purse, and often meant larger 支出 than would have occurred in 事例／患者 of 政府 construction. He intimated that he would be 用意が出来ている to authorise a 貸付金 for the 目的 if he were 満足させるd as to the necessity for the line and were furnished with an 見積（る） of the cost. The 知事 replied*** that the Director of Public 作品 (J.H. Thomas) had 用意が出来ている 見積（る）s showing that a line along the south bank of the river would cost 99,121 続けざまに猛撃するs, as against 87,098 続けざまに猛撃するs for one on the northern 味方する, and that the 概算の balance of 利益（をあげる） upon working, after 支払う／賃金ing 利益／興味 and expenses, would be over 12,000 続けざまに猛撃するs. As usual in such 事例／患者s, a 戦う／戦い of 大勝するs was entered upon, and after much discussion the northern 大勝する was 直す／買収する，八百長をするd, and a 契約 for the work let to John Robb, of Adelaide, for 74,591 続けざまに猛撃するs.**** The first sod was turned on a 位置／汚点／見つけ出す 近づく the 現在の Perth 駅／配置する by 知事 Ord on 3 June 1879. The 鉄道 was 正式に opened by 知事 Robinson on 1 March 1881, and up to the end of the year earned a 利益（をあげる） of 1 05 続けざまに猛撃するs over and above expenses and 利益／興味.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1875 to 1876 Paper A5. See also Sir W. Robinson to Earl of Carnarvon 16 February 1876 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1876 Paper Number 1.)
(**Footnote. Earl of Carnarvon to Sir W. Robinson 19 June 1876 ibid 1876 Paper Number 9.)
(***Footnote. Sir W. Robinson to Earl of Carnarvon 6 June 1877 ibid.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1879 page 101.)
Its 失敗 to earn more was 予定 principally to the continued 人気 of river carriage for the 輸送（する） of goods. The total cost of construction, 排除的 of 調査するs, was 127,935 続けざまに猛撃するs.* The 貸付金 of 200,000 続けざまに猛撃するs authorised in 1878 having been floated at 4 1/2 per cent it was 決定するd to continue the line eastward in the hope of 安全な・保証するing better returns for the Guildford to Fremantle section. The question of 大勝する again became a 事柄 of moment. Three were 支持するd--one to Northam by way of Spencer's Brook, a second to the same 目的地 by way of Chidlow's 井戸／弁護士席, and a third 経由で Chittering to Newcastle. The 会議 finally authorised the construction of a line to Chidlow's 井戸／弁護士席*** and then on to York,**** and 貸付金s for 150,000***** and 254,000 続けざまに猛撃するs****** were raised for the work.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1882; Public 作品 報告（する）／憶測 Number 18.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. 44 Victoria Number 18.)
(****Footnote. 46 Victoria Number 16.)
(*****Footnote. 44 Victoria Number 22.)
(******Footnote. 46 Victoria Number 22.)
In the 事例／患者 of the first 貸付金, money was 要求するd for other 目的s in 新規加入 to the 鉄道. Through some error in the method of bookkeeping, a 誤った idea of the 明言する／公表する of the 財政／金融s 存在するd. In 1876 Mr. Lefroy (事実上の／代理 植民地の 長官) 保証するd the 会議 that there was a 黒字／過剰 of over 26,000 続けざまに猛撃するs,* and a 部分 of this money was 充てるd to the erection of the Eucla telegraph line. In 1879 it was 主張するd by Mr. Parker that the 人物／姿／数字s were wrong, and that as a 事柄 of fact there was a 欠陥／不足 in 1876. An examination of the accounts 証明するd that he was partly 権利, that in 1876 there was only a credit on 一般会計 of 3909 続けざまに猛撃するs, and that at the end of 1879 there was a 赤字 of 79,897 続けざまに猛撃するs.** This was 減ずるd by July 1881 to 59,844 続けざまに猛撃するs, and with the help of an 改善するd 歳入 and the 返済 of sums 適切に chargeable to 貸付金 account, the ledger was balanced by the end of July 1882.***
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 1876 page 135.)
(**Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1879 Paper Number 33; 1880 Papers Numbers 14 and A15.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 7 page 2.)
一方／合間 tenders for the second section of the line--from Guildford to Chidlow's 井戸／弁護士席--had been called, and that of J. Wright for 53,043 続けざまに猛撃するs 受託するd.* 確かな 私的な lands had to be 再開するd, and this 原因（となる）d some slight 延期する, but the work was started in the に引き続いて March. The construction was 追求するd with as much rapidity as straitened 財政／金融s would 許す, and the line was opened in March 1884, the actual cost 存在 95,940 続けざまに猛撃するs.** To 支払う／賃金 for this and 供給する money for the その上の 拡張 to York, another 貸付金 of 254,000 続けざまに猛撃するs at 4 per cent was authorised by the 会議 in 1882. Clayton T. Mason, then 事実上の／代理 as Commissioner of 鉄道s, 概算の the whole cost of the Guildford to York section at 192,350 続けざまに猛撃するs, which 証明するd to be not far wide of the 示す, as the tender for the Chidlow's 井戸／弁護士席 to York section was let to Edward Keane in 1883 at 105,312 続けざまに猛撃するs.*** The whole line from Fremantle to York was opened for traffic at the end of June 1885,**** and though the 期待s of 大いに 増加するd 歳入 were not at first realised, there is no 疑問 that the 鉄道 cheapened 生産／産物 and 補助装置d very materially in the 開発 of all the eastern 地区s.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1882 page 11.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 9 pages 2 and 139.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1883 page 443.)
(****Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 on 鉄道s 1885 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1886.)
From returns showing 輸入するs and 輸出（する）s for the period 1875 to 1883,* it is evident that apart from the 増加するd 施設s, which followed 鉄道 construction, there was a general 開発 in the 産業の 事件／事情／状勢s of the 植民地. It will also be seen that the 植民地 until 1883 held its position as an 輸出業者 rather than an importer, a fact of no little moment in a consideration of its 財政上の 条件, 特に as, during all these years, enormous 量s of 構成要素 for 鉄道s and telegraphs had やむを得ず to be 輸入するd. The 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of 長，指導者 輸出（する）s, with their value, 一覧表にするd in the 要約, shows that wool, 木材／素質 of さまざまな 肉親，親類d, and pearls and pearl 爆撃する still continued to be the 主要な／長／主犯 items, minerals 速く 減らすing in value until they became almost a ごくわずかの 量 for the time.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
The one omission of importance from the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of 輸出（する）s is the item 構成するing wheat, 穀物, flour, and 農業の produce 一般に. Unfortunately the blight that had overtaken farming since 1869 still continued, and the area under 刈る remained 静止している or showed a slight 減少（する）. This, in 合同 with the 増加する of 全住民, made the 輸入 of flour, 穀物, and other produce a necessity, and from 1875 to 1883 the value of these 商品／必需品s 輸入するd reached some hundreds of thousands of 続けざまに猛撃するs.* In other avenues of 貿易（する） and 産業, however, notwithstanding a 一時的な 不景気 in 歳入 between 1876 and 1880, solid 進歩 was 存在 持続するd in every direction except the raising of lead and 巡査 鉱石, where the cost of 生産／産物, in 直面する of a 落ちるing market, made 採掘 操作／手術s いっそう少なく and いっそう少なく lucrative.
(*Footnote. Western Australian Blue 調書をとる／予約するs 1875 to 1883.)
Pearling, 特に during the years 1875, 1876 and 1879,* 産する／生じるd a rich 収穫, in spite of the many 悲惨な 嵐／襲撃するs and the 制限s placed by the 政府 upon the 雇用 of natives and Malays as divers. That these 制限s were necessary is やめる evident from the many 記録，記録的な／記録するd instances of cruelty and ill-usage. Though pearlers were 名目上 compelled by the Pearling 行為／法令／行動する to 観察する 確かな 条件s in the 治療 of their divers, 監督 in such out-of-the-way places was rather lax, and there were not wanting disreputable 仲買人s whose only 目的（とする） was to get every possible ounce of work, short of 現実に 殺人，大当り him, out of the unfortunate native who had 調印するd on as a diver for the period of twelve months 許すd by the 行為／法令／行動する.** So unhealthy were the 条件s under which the divers worked, and so cruel their 治療 by unscrupulous white masters, that the Dutch 政府 at Timor was compelled to make 規則s 治める／統治するing the 条件s under which Malays could be 安全な・保証するd for the 貿易（する）.*** It must not for a moment be thought that all white pearlers were 有罪の of 残忍な 治療, but the 評判 of the pearling 産業 苦しむd 大いに from the 行為／法令／行動するs of those who were, and every 成果／努力 was made to 明確に表す 条件s of 雇用 stringent enough to 含む the worst 事例／患者s. An 視察官 of Pearl 爆撃する 漁業s was 任命するd**** to see that the 行為／法令／行動する was carried out, and by that officer's vigilance かなりの 改良 in the 治療 of native divers was 影響d.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(**Footnote. Inquirer 28 April 1875; 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 8 December 1875 Inquirer 15 December 1875.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 25 August 1875.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1879 page 350.)
The most serious trouble that the 産業 had to 直面する was the loss of life and 損失 to 所有物／資産／財産 resulting from the 定期刊行物 サイクロンs which swept over the pearling grounds. In 1876* one of these 嵐／襲撃するs 原因（となる）d the loss of four schooners with 事実上 the whole of their 乗組員s, and a still more 厳しい visitation in 1881 難破させるd over a dozen boats and was 責任がある a serious loss of life. In this 事例／患者 the 嵐／襲撃する was …を伴ってd by a 高潮，津波, said to have been 30 feet in 高さ, which 潜水するd Twin Islands and materially altered the position of the さまざまな shoals and banks, while the 勝利，勝つd travelling up the Ashburton River did かなりの 損失 の中で the 駅／配置するs in the locality. Fortunately these 嵐／襲撃するs, which still 原因（となる） 広大な／多数の／重要な loss and 苦しむing amongst the pearling (n)艦隊／(a)素早いs, are 制限するd in 操作／手術, and その結果 the whole extent of the 漁業s, which spread from Shark Bay along the north-west coast, is never 荒廃させるd at the one time.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 12 January 1876.)
A new source of 輸出（する） during these years was 設立する in the guano deposits on the islands off the north-west coast. Some 試みる／企てる had, it will be remembered, been made in 1850 to turn these deposits to profitable account, but without success, and 事実上 nothing その上の was heard of them until 1876. In that year an American 指名するd Roberts landed at the Lacepede Islands from a French 大型船, and （人命などを）奪う，主張するd them as an American 所有／入手 on the ground that they were more than a league from the 本土／大陸. Some time 以前 the Western Australian 政府 had given a Melbourne 会社／堅い (Poole, Picken & Co) 許可 to 除去する the guano, with which the island abounded, on 支払い（額） of a 王族 of 10 shillings a トン. 大型船s were at the time 存在 負担d by Geddes, the 会社／堅い's 代表者／国会議員. Roberts, on the 当局 of the American 領事 at Melbourne, laid （人命などを）奪う，主張する to the 貨物s of these 大型船s, a （人命などを）奪う，主張する which Geddes 堅固に 論争d. Geddes then proceeded to Roebourne to complain to the 政府 居住（者）, and 存在 sworn in as a special constable returned to attach the French 大型船 借り切る／憲章d by Roberts, who 公然と 布告するd American 主権，独立 over the islands and asked for 30,000 続けざまに猛撃するs as 補償（金）. The 政府 居住（者）, untroubled by any question of 主権，独立, 罰金d Roberts 100 続けざまに猛撃するs, and ordered the captain of the French barque to 支払う／賃金 the costs. The captain 慎重に sailed for Fremantle, and having paid the 王族 of 10 shillings per トン, made off with the 貨物 for Mauritius.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 12 January 1876.)
The next step was taken by the American 領事. One of Poole, Picken & Co's boats, carrying guano, arrived at Melbourne and was 大（公）使館員d on に代わって of the American 政府, 指示／教授／教育s 存在 given to take the same 活動／戦闘 at Mauritius in regard to the French barque. The 領事 then visited Perth to discuss 事柄s of 補償（金）. 手はず／準備 were made for remitting the question of 主権，独立 to the 政府s 関心d, Roberts 存在 in the 合間 permitted to 負担 guano on 支払い（額） of the 王族, such 王族 to be refunded if his 論争 was upheld.* The American 政府 at once 認める that the 領事's （人命などを）奪う，主張する was without 創立／基礎,** and the only result of the whole 訴訟／進行s was a good 宣伝 for the guano 産業. To 妨げる the 再発 of trouble, 法律制定 was passed in 1876*** 取引，協定ing with trespassing on 栄冠を与える lands, which the 国務長官 認可するd, though he considered the 刑罰，罰則s for 不法に 除去するing guano were very 厳しい.**** The 量 of guano 輸出（する）d from the Lacepede Islands during 1878 and 1879 was very large, but unfortunately for the 政府 the 供給（する）s were not inexhaustible. A 契約 was made with Beaver & Co to take away a 確かな number of 十分な 貨物s, but when the time for fulfilment of the 契約 arrived it was 設立する that only inferior guano remained, and not 十分な of that to 負担 the ships. In consequence, the 会社／堅い （人命などを）奪う，主張するd 補償（金）, and a Select 委員会 of the 会議 任命するd in 1881 awarded 6968 続けざまに猛撃するs, 発言／述べるing that the 政府 was 完全に to 非難する and had been 有罪の of a want of 商売／仕事 acumen that deserved to be called by a harsher 指名する.***** During 1881 and 1882 no guano at all was 輸出（する）d, but the 貿易（する） was 生き返らせるd in 1883 by Charles E. Broadhurst,****** who 安全な・保証するd a 賃貸し（する） of the Abrolhos Islands, on which were large deposits of phosphatic guano, and continued to 輸出（する） until 1904, when the 賃貸し（する） 満了する／死ぬd, and その上の 輸出（する） was 禁じるd.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 6 and 20 September, 4 and 25 October, 1 November 1876.)
(**Footnote. Earl of Carnarvon to Robinson 5 December 1876 and 31 May 1877. See also 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1877 Paper Number 15.)
(***Footnote. 40 Victoria Number 9.)
(****Footnote. Earl of Carnarvon to Robinson 7 March 1877.)
(*****Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1881 Paper A13.)
(******Footnote. Ibid 1901 to 1902 容積／容量 4 Paper A21.)
The 貿易（する） in sandalwood reached its highest point of 開発 during this period;* thereafter it began to 拒絶する／低下する, but its place was more than taken by the 増加するing 需要・要求する for hardwood 木材／素質s, which were 存在 recognised as perhaps the best possible 支持を得ようと努めるd for 確かな classes of work, as they were impervious to the attacks both of whiteants and sea-worms. New mills were opened and the old ones 延長するd, and the 創立／基礎s of the enormous 貿易（する） which has since been developed were laid. Tramways and other means of 輸送（する） were 供給するd, and greater endeavours made to 会合，会う the 需要・要求するs of a continually 増加するing 産業.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
The pastoral 産業, to the success and 開発 of which Western Australian 進歩 was still 主として indebted, received an 巨大な impetus through the 発見 of the Kimberley pastoral country in 1879 as a result of an 探検の／予備の trip made by a party under the leadership of Alexander Forrest. Forrest was 教えるd to 診察する, 地図／計画する out, and 報告（する）／憶測 upon the country between the De Grey River in Western Australia and the Victoria River in the Northern 領土.* Leaving the De Grey River 駅／配置する on 25 February, he reached Beagle Bay on 10 April, and started upon the actual work of the 探検隊／遠征隊. 訴訟／進行 eastward to King Sound he followed the Fitzroy River for some distance, finding it 深い and 早い, and then tried to 侵入する the rugged passes of the Leopold 範囲. Realising this to be an impossibility, he was compelled to go 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and steer a course up the valley of the Margaret River, discovering on the 旅行 the 井戸／弁護士席-watered Nicholson Plains, which he みなすd the finest part of Western Australia he had seen. Still keeping an eastward course he （機の）カム to the Ord River, which seemed likely to 返す examination, but want of 準備／条項s and sickness amongst the party compelled him to make all 速度(を上げる） for the 陸路の telegraph line, which he struck at Daly Waters 駅／配置する in the beginning of October,** after much 苦しむing and privation.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1879 Paper Number 1.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 1880 Paper Number 3 定期刊行物 of 探検隊／遠征隊.)
Forrest 報告（する）／憶測d that about 25 million acres were suitable for pastoral 開発 or 熱帯の 農業, while at Beagle Bay there was a good 場所／位置 for a 郡区. The country along the Fitzroy was liable to floods during the wet season (from December to March) but from the river across to the South Australian 国境 this drawback did not 存在する, though the whole area was 井戸／弁護士席 watered.* The scientist (Mr. Hill) 設立する traces of 巡査, and hazarded the opinion (to be afterwards 確認するd) that gold would probably be 設立する の中で the 範囲s and toward the 長，率いる waters of the Fitzroy.**
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1880 Paper Number 3 定期刊行物 of 探検隊／遠征隊 page 40.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 43.)
The 発見s made by this 探検隊／遠征隊 were of the greatest possible importance to the 植民地, and the 開始 up of the Kimberley 地区 for pastoral and grazing 目的s, which resulted from the 報告（する）／憶測s made by Forrest, 示すs a new 時代 in the 開発 of Western Australia. Good country such as this could not remain 未使用の, and the 政府 was 包囲するd with 調査s as to the 条件s under which 解決／入植地 would be permitted. These 条件s were 始める，決める out in the special land 規則s for the Kimberley 地区 問題／発行するd in November 1879, to which 言及／関連 has already been made. Though the 規則s were not considered 完全に 満足な, they did not 妨げる 広範囲にわたる 占領／職業 of the 領土 during the 後継するing years. Within the tropics, and a long distance from the settled areas, life in the Kimberleys was even more trying than in the North-West 地区, but the land was richer and results more 確かな ; その結果 many were 設立する to 耐える the 裁判，公判s, and their endurance was rewarded with success.
植民／開拓者s were attracted from all parts of Australia, but more 特に from Victoria. Pastoral 協会s to work 部分s of the land were 提案するd, and though they were 一般に abandoned, 私的な 解決／入植地 spread 速く. Large 選択s were made in 1880, and in 1881 賃貸し（する）s to the extent of 5.5 million acres were taken up, an 量 which, though large, was, によれば the Surveyor-General's 報告（する）／憶測, more than trebled by June of the に引き続いて year.* To make an 正確な 調査する of these 賃貸し（する）s, many of which were larger than some European principalities, was out of the question. The course 可決する・採択するd was to 直す／買収する，八百長をする 目だつ points and to make 横断するs of the rivers, so that the work partook 大部分は of the nature of 探検.** So 活発に was it carried out that in July 1883 the 植民地の 長官 報告（する）／憶測d to the 法律を制定する 会議 that lands to the extent of 47,928,080 acres were 賃貸し（する）d and were producing an 年次の 賃貸しの of 19,716 続けざまに猛撃するs.*** The Surveyor-General (John Forrest) visited the 地区 in the same year and furnished an 利益／興味ing 報告（する）／憶測 on the 進歩 of 解決／入植地. From it we learn that there were at the time eight 駅／配置するs in the Kimberleys, 雇うing some fifty-two white men besides numbers of natives.***
(*Footnote. Ibid 1882 Paper Number 12.)
(**Footnote. （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 供給（する）d by the Under 長官 for Lands.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 8 page 37.)
This, although the 主要な／長／主犯 factor in the 拡大 of the pastoral 産業, was by no means the only one. 開発 of a 満足な nature was taking place in the North-West (Gascoyne) 地区, which would have shown even better results than were 明らかな had it not been for the repeated occurrences of cyclonic 嵐／襲撃するs. Some of these, 特に those of 1881 and 1882, 原因（となる）d かなりの 損失 to 駅／配置するs on the Ashburton and to the 地区s 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Roebourne and Cossack, on one 持つ／拘留するing alone over 1000 sheep 存在 destroyed.*
(*Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 43.)
Strenuous 成果／努力s were also made to settle pastoralists in the Eucla 地区, 関心ing which very favourable 報告（する）／憶測s had been received. The 広大な／多数の／重要な drawback was the absence of 永久の water. This 減ずるd the chances of success to a 最小限. Artesian boring it was thought might 打ち勝つ the difficulty, but there was little inclination to 請け負う the expense, 特に as ample land of the same 質 was 利用できる in 地区s not by any means so arid.*
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 8 pages 453 to 454 and 503 to 511; 容積／容量 9 pages 318 to 319.)
探検 during these years was 事実上 限られた／立憲的な to the 探検隊／遠征隊 of Alexander Forrest, which has been already referred to, and to the success of which the 開始 up of the 価値のある Kimberley 地区 was 予定. A 調査するing trip was, however, made through the same 地区 in 1883 by a party of which John Forrest was the leader.* 上陸 at Roebuck Bay they 診察するd most of the Kimberley 分割. From La Grange Bay they made their way to the Fitzroy River and 実験（する）d the country as far as St. George's 範囲, finding it to consist in the main of 井戸／弁護士席-elevated, richly-grassed, and 井戸／弁護士席-watered plains. 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the lowest part of the Ord River the land was 平等に good. In the course of their travels the party 診察するd the Fitzroy, Margaret, May, Lennard and Richenda Rivers, and made 調査するs of the country through which they passed. With them was the 政府 Geologist (E.T. Hardman) who 収集するd a 価値のある 地質学の 地図／計画する of the 地区, and 報告（する）／憶測d that there were 指示，表示する物s, in さまざまな parts, of the 存在 of gold.** The 調査するing work was continued in 1884 under the 命令（する） of H.F. Johnston, and the triangulation from 開始する Pierre to the junction of the Negri and Ord carried out.*** The course was some distance to the south of Alexander Forrest's 跡をつける in 1879, and led to the 発見 of several rivers and watercourses, の中で them 存在 Hall's Creek, upon which is 位置を示すd the 郡区 of that 指名する, the （警察，軍隊などの）本部 of the East Kimberley goldfields. Hardman's second 報告（する）／憶測 regarding the 可能性 of gold 発見s was confirmatory of his former one.****
(*Footnote. Forrest, J. 報告（する）／憶測 on Kimberley 地区 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1883 2nd 開会／開廷／会期 Paper 23.)
(**Footnote. Hardman, E.T. 報告（する）／憶測 on the 地質学 of the Kimberley 地区 in 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1884 Paper Number 31.)
(***Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1884 Paper Number 15 pages 18 to 20.)
(****Footnote. Hardman, E.T. 報告（する）／憶測 on the 地質学 of the Kimberley 地区 in 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1885 Paper Number 34.)
In the year 1883 an 探検隊／遠征隊 was also undertaken by W.J. O'Donnell and W. Carr-Boyd. Starting from the 陸路の telegraph line, they crossed in the direction of Roebourne, and 追加するd その上の areas to the already large 量 of good country discovered in the Kimberley 地区.*
(*Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 83.)
The 存在 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system was 速く 製図／抽選 to a の近くに, and in 1886 the 設立 was 解散するd and the few remaining 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 手渡すd over to the 支配（する）／統制する of the 植民地の 政府.* The Comptroller-General and all the organised 機械／機構 disappeared, and the 郡保安官 of the 植民地 and the 地元の 刑務所，拘置所 system took their places. Most of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs had served their 条件 and were 解放する／自由な men in Western Australia or other places. The few remaining became ordinary 囚人s until such time as they had 完全にするd their 条件. Road parties and other 罪人／有罪を宣告する 禁止（する）d 消えるd from the country 地区s, and only the buildings and a few dissolute and debauched paupers remained to show that Western Australia had ever 苦しむd from the 悩ますing 影響s of a penal 植民地. Long years before its actual disestablishment it had disappeared from the place of importance it 以前は held, but there still remained さまざまな 事柄s of 行政 that 要求するd 解決／入植地 before the 植民地 could be said to be wholly 解放する／自由な. From the inception of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system, the 割合 which the 皇室の 政府 should 与える／捧げる に向かって the 支出 upon the police and magistracy had been a 事柄 of 論争. In 1853 an 協定 was arrived at under which the Home 当局 agreed to 支払う／賃金 1000 続けざまに猛撃するs a year に向かって the expenses of the magistracy and two-thirds of the cost of 持続するing an efficient police 軍隊, with a 最大限 出資／貢献 of 6000 続けざまに猛撃するs. This 協定 held for a number of years so far as the 割合 was 関心d, but the actual 量 paid from the British 財務省 at the time of the 停止 of transportation was かなり over 15,000 続けざまに猛撃するs. The largeness of the sum attracted attention in 1864, when it was 示唆するd that the 皇室の 割合 be 減ずるd to one-half, but in 見解（をとる） of the 熟視する／熟考するd 停止 of the system consideration was deferred until after that event had taken place. Either by 事故 or design the question was not raised again until 1877, when 知事 略奪する inson 提案するd that the sum should be 15,000 続けざまに猛撃するs for 1877/8, and should 減少（する） by a 確かな 量 毎年 until 1893, in which year it would 満了する／死ぬ. The assistant Comptroller-General recommended as an 代案／選択肢 that there should be an 即座の 減少（する） to 10,000 続けざまに猛撃するs and a diminution of 1000 続けざまに猛撃するs a year until 1887, when the 出資／貢献 would finally 中止する.** Neither of these suggestions やめる met the 見解（をとる） of the Lords of the 財務省, who decided*** that the 認める for 1877/8 should be 14,000 続けざまに猛撃するs, that it should 沈む by 1000 続けざまに猛撃するs a year till 1883/4, and then by 2000 続けざまに猛撃するs 毎年 until 1887/8, when--twenty years after transportation had come to an end--it would 中止する altogether. The 条件 were in themselves fair and equitable; the sting lay in the 結論するing 部分 of the 派遣（する）; "My lords have only to 追加する, in regard to both these 認めるs-in-援助（する） for 治安判事s, police, and chaplains, that 支払い（額） of them will depend 絶対 upon the 植民地 not 存在 given...responsible 政府. If such form of 政府 be 主張するd upon, all 支払い（額）s will 中止する."**** The 財務省 also 提案するd to 解散する the pensioner 軍隊, as its continuance seemed unnecessary since all the remaining 囚人s were 限定するd in Fremantle 刑務所，拘置所. On その上の consideration, however, it was decided to 保持する the services of the pensioner guard until 1887.***** The 条件, or rather the 条件s 大（公）使館員d to them, were not altogether palatable to the 地元の 当局, but it was 最終的に agreed to 可決する・採択する them, and thus another 段階 of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 行政 automatically （機の）カム to an end in 1888.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 1886 page 5.)
(**Footnote. 財務省 to 植民地の Office 6 April 1877 in Earl of Carnarvon to Sir Harry Ord 21 November 1877.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
(****Footnote. 財務省 to 植民地の Office 6 April 1877 in Earl of Carnarvon to Sir Harry Ord 21 November 1877.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid.)
In the 合間 the さまざまな 設立s necessary to a 罪人／有罪を宣告する system had by 協定 been transferred to the 植民地の 当局. The pensioner 軍隊, which it had been decided should continue till 1887, was 解散するd in 1880, and in its place a 出資／貢献 of 4000 続けざまに猛撃するs was made toward the cost of 持続するing order. In 1883 the Lunatic 亡命, built 初めは for the care of insane 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, was 手渡すd over to the 植民地, a 支払い（額） of 42 続けざまに猛撃するs per 年 per 長，率いる 存在 made for each 罪人／有罪を宣告する lunatic. In the same year 交渉s were 開始するd for the 移転 of the 刑務所，拘置所 itself. This building, 築くd to 持つ／拘留する 600 men, 含む／封じ込めるd only seventy-five at the time, and the 知事 示唆するd that the 植民地の 政府 should 受託する 支配（する）／統制する in return for an 年次の 支払い（額） of 45 続けざまに猛撃するs for each 皇室の 罪人／有罪を宣告する and the 移転 to the 植民地, 解放する／自由な of 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金, of all buildings and 蓄える／店s remaining under the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the Comptroller-General. At the same time 皇室の officers were to be 年金d by the Home 当局 and 許すd, without loss of 年金, to 受託する office under the 地元の 政府.* The 国務長官 (Sir William Harcourt) asked in reply that the 法律を制定する 会議 should 服従させる／提出する 限定された 条件.** A 委員会 was 任命するd in 1884 to consider these, and in its 報告（する）／憶測,*** 時代遅れの 13 July 1885, advised that the 条件 示唆するd by the 知事 be 固執するd to, with the 新規加入 that the 皇室の 財務省 should 支払う／賃金 the cost of the water police between 1881 and 1885. The date 示唆するd for the 移転 was 31 December 1885. The 国務長官, after some hesitation, 認可するd of the 条件 一般に, and the 移転 was 影響d on 31 March 1886.**** There were at the time barely 200 罪人／有罪を宣告するs remaining, and いっそう少なく than half of these were under actual 支配（する）／統制する, the 残り／休憩（する） 存在 at liberty under ticket-of-leave or 条件付きの 容赦. Those in 刑務所，拘置所 were of the type likely to remain a 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 upon the 植民地, and, as a 事柄 of fact, after 伸び（る）ing their liberty had to be 持続するd in the O ld Men's 倉庫・駅. From 1886 they, with the 植民地の 囚人s, were 雇うd pumping water from 井戸／弁護士席s within the 刑務所，拘置所 enclosure ーするために 供給する an efficient water 供給（する） for Fremantle. Thus, after thirty-six years' 存在, an end was put to the 植民地's Esau-like method of 改善するing its position.
(*Footnote. Correspondence 尊敬（する）・点ing the 移転 to the 植民地 of the 皇室の 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1884 Paper Number 22.)
(*Footnote. Sir W. Harcourt to 知事 21 July 1884.)
(**Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1885 Paper Number 25.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 11 page 5.)
(****Footnote. Inquirer 19 and 26 April and 8 November 1876.)
The only 出来事/事件 of 利益／興味 in 関係 with the 設立 itself during these years was the escape of six Fenian 囚人s in 1876.* This was 影響d through the instrumentality of an American (John Collins)** 補助装置d by Captain Antony of the American whaler Catalpa. Arriving at Fremantle late in 1875 Collins 安全な・保証するd 雇用 in a carriage factory, and 静かに made himself 完全に conversant with the methods of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立 and the nature of the country to the south of Fremantle. Through the medium of a Fenian 満了する／死ぬ he was brought into communication with six Fenian 罪人／有罪を宣告するs who, on account of their good behaviour, were not 支配するd to strict 監督. A favourable moment for escape arrived when the Catalpa put in to Bunbury. By 協定 the six men left Fremantle in buggies on 18 April 1876 for Rockingham. When their 出発 became known they were hotly 追求するd by the police, who 設立する on arrival at Rockingham that the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs had been 選ぶd up by a whaleboat in waiting. The Catalpa 存在 the only whaler known to be on the coast, the police returned to Fremantle and put off in the police-boat in search of her. After sighting her they fell in with the steamer Georgette, also in search, and learned that the Catalpa had been spoken to, but 否定するd having 罪人／有罪を宣告するs on board. Deciding to watch, they saw the whaler move northward, and on に引き続いて 観察するd a whaleboat making toward her. An exciting chase 続いて起こるd, but the police were 不成功の in 妨げるing the Catalpa from 選ぶing up the boat and had to return to Fremantle. The Georgette was then sent out 武装した in the hope of 会合 the whaler in 領土の waters. The two ships met outside Rottnest. The Superintendent of Police 需要・要求するd the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs and 脅すd to 解雇する／砲火／射撃. The captain of the Catalpa 否定するd that any 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were on board, and 静かに pointed to the American 旗. The police, chagrined, had to return empty-手渡すd to Fremantle, after intimating that the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs 政府 would be communicated with. 知事 Robinson 今後d a 十分な account to the 国務長官,*** who after 調査／捜査するing the circumstances decided that the 事柄 was not one for 外交の 交渉s, and the Fenians remained under the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs 旗. No 疑問 the British 政府 was not displeased to get rid so easily of men who, after all, were only political 囚人s.
(*Footnote. Inquirer 19 and 26 April and 8 November 1876.)
(**Footnote. See 公式文書，認める at end of 一時期／支部.)
(***Footnote. Robinson to Earl of Carnarvon 19 April and 15 May 1876.)
The natives in the north-west and in the far south-east still continued to give かなりの trouble, though the more enlightened methods 追求するd in regard to them and the earnest endeavours to conciliate them were not without 影響. If these methods had been 追求するd by the 無断占拠者s without exception, the natives would かもしれない have shown a disposition to be friendly. 事例／患者s of ill-治療 of their fellow-aborigines and more 特に of 乱用 of their women were, however, not unknown, and these occurrences roused the 願望（する） for 報復. Unfortunately, the 苦しんでいる人 was often some innocent shepherd or selector who had not even a knowledge of the 罪，犯罪 for which he was 存在 called upon to 耐える the 重荷（を負わせる）.
In 1881 and 1882 serious 主張s of depredations by natives in the Murchison 地区 were made by the 無断占拠者s, and Mr. Robert Fairbairn was sent by the 政府 to make 調査s. He 設立する that the losses 苦しむd were in many instances 大いに 誇張するd, and were usually 予定 to either laxity of 監督 or laxity of morals on the part of the white 植民／開拓者s. 窃盗s were only to be 推定する／予想するd where sheep and cattle were placed in the care of native shepherds far away out in the bush, while 報復s were not to be wondered at when white 植民／開拓者s failed to let the native women and girls alone. Mr. Fairbairn's 報告（する）／憶測,* though unpalatable to many of the 植民／開拓者s who 願望（する） to be a 法律 unto themselves, was 温かく 認可するd by the 知事, who was anxious to put a stop to the intercourse that was going on.
"Their women," he wrote, "are surely as 価値のある to them as our flocks and herds are to us, and so long as we 乱暴／暴力を加える those feelings which human nature has 工場／植物d in a greater or いっそう少なく degree in even the most savage breast, what 権利 have we to 推定する／予想する that they will 尊敬（する）・点 the 所有物／資産／財産 of the 攻撃者? What 権利 have we to be surprised when we hear that a native, "sulky" with a shepherd for taking his woman away, has put the white man to death? Let us 始める，決める them a good example, and then, perhaps, we may talk of the iniquity of their 訴訟／進行s--訴訟／進行s which, after all, considering the utter savages we are 取引，協定ing with, have not been so 黒人／ボイコット as they are painted."**
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1882 Paper Number 33.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 13.)
How to put a stop to the practises that were going on was, however, a difficult question. Some 試みる／企てる to solve it was made by 増加するing the police 保護 and by 任命するing an itinerant 治安判事 (Mr. Foss)* with 力／強力にする to を取り引きする 事例／患者s of 悪事を働くこと as they arose. This had some 影響 in 減ずるing the trouble within 限界s, but it was impossible to put an end to it. 事例／患者s of native depredation and 殺人 and of intercourse between white and 黒人／ボイコット continued to occur, and are not unknown even now, though the march of civilisation and a more enlightened public opinion have brought their number 負かす／撃墜する to a 最小限.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1882 page 321.)
The 全住民 of the whole 植民地 at the end of 1883 was only 31,700*--an 増加する of いっそう少なく than 5000 during the eight years under review--not more than that of an ordinary English town. More than half of these were 居住（者） in the towns and villages, which clamoured for 承認 as duly organised municipalities. Perth, with a 全住民 of about 5000, was raised to the dignity of a mayoralty in 1881; Fremantle became a 会社／団体 in 1883, and others followed すぐに afterwards.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
In ecclesiastical 事件／事情／状勢s, outside the general 開発 resulting from a 進歩／革新的な community, little of moment occurred beyond the 辞職 of Bishop Hale in 1875 and the 任命 of Bishop Parry as his 後継者, under whose episcopate the 創立／基礎-石／投石する of the 現在の St. George's Cathedral was laid in 1880.
公式文書，認める. It is not 一般に known that "John Collins" was really John J. Breslin, a 目だつ Fenian, at one time 長，指導者 Hospital Warder in Richmond Bridewell, Dublin. In 1865 he arranged the escape of James Stephens, the leader of the Fenians, from that 刑務所，拘置所, and at the time that he was 存在 received as persona grata by the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 公式の／役人s at Fremantle, the British police 当局 were 申し込む／申し出ing a large reward for （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that would lead to his 逮捕（する）.
LAND REGULATIONS.
TARIFF REVISION.
FINANCES.
RESOURCES, INDUSTRIES, AND TRADE.
PUBLIC WORKS: RAILWAY AND TELEGRAPH EXTENSION.
After the 出発 of Sir William Robinson in February 1883, the 長，指導者 司法（官）, Sir Henry Wrensfordsley, 治めるd the 政府 until June, when the new 知事 (Sir Frederick Napier Broome) arrived. With a short 休会 from November 1884 till June 1885, during which he visited England for the 目的 of floating a public 作品 貸付金 of 525,000 続けざまに猛撃するs, that officer held the reins until the end of 1889, when he returned to London, leaving Sir Malcolm Fraser in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金. Sir Malcolm continued to 行為／法令／行動する as 行政官／管理者 until October 1890, when Sir William Robinson was again 任命するd 知事 and ゆだねるd with the 仕事 of 就任するing responsible 政府 in the 植民地.
知事 Broome arrived at the time when 解決／入植地 in the north and north-west was 速く 延長するing, and agitation for more 自由主義の land 規則s was becoming more pronounced, 補佐官d and その上のd by the known opinions of the Commissioner of 栄冠を与える Lands, Mr. John Forrest. ーするために 延期する any その上の alteration, the 知事 in 1884 示唆するd that as a 総選挙 was 未解決の it would be unwise for an 満了する／死ぬing 会議 to take so important a question into consideration.* When the new House met in July 1885, he deprecated any unnecessary 干渉，妨害 with the 規則s, but pointed out that as many of the older 賃貸し（する）s were coming to an end the time might be opportune for a reconsideration of the whole 支配する.** He was no 疑問 補助装置d toward this 決定／判定勝ち（する） by a 完全にする 計画／陰謀 for a more 自由主義の system which Mr. Forrest had put 今後 just 以前.*** The 反対する of this 計画／陰謀 was, as the Commissioner 明言する／公表するd, to settle 全住民--"a bold peasantry"--on the 国／地域; to see the country utilised and 占領するd; to encourage the 農業の 進歩 of the 植民地; and, while doing this, to give as much 安全 as possible to the pastoral tenant, 特に in centres not ふさわしい for 農業の 開発.**** To do this he advised that the 任期 of 賃貸し（する）s be 延長するd, that 改良s be compulsory, and that rents be 減ずるd. 知事 Broome was doubtful about the 知恵 of some of these 推薦s, but remitted them in 十分な to the 会議 in order that the fullest possible consideration might be given to the whole question. The 法律を制定する 会議 任命するd a Select 委員会***** to 報告（する）／憶測 upon the 提案s.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 9 page 2.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 10 page 32.)
(***Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1885 Paper 29.)
(****Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1885 Paper 29 pages 9 to 10.)
(*****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 10 pages 95 to 99.)
The 報告（する）／憶測 of his 委員会,* which was not on all points 全員一致の, was considered later in the year, but final discussion was 延期するd till the に引き続いて 開会／開廷／会期.** During the 休会 the 知事 gave the 委員会's 草案 の近くに consideration, and when the time （機の）カム for discussion upon it in 1886 was 用意が出来ている with 確かな 改正s. These were considered in 合同 with the 草案, and 確かな of them 可決する・採択するd. Other alterations were made, and the whole 草案 規則s, thus 修正するd, were then passed*** and 今後d by the 知事 for 是認 of the 国務長官.**** This was given in 予定 course,***** and on 2 March 1887 the new 規則s--the most 自由主義の and 満足な yet でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd--were 布告するd.******
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1885 Paper A14.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 10 pages 390 to 391.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 11 page 556.)
(****Footnote. Sir Napier Broome to 長官 Stanhope 12 November 1886.)
(*****Footnote. Sir Henry Holland to Broome 14 January 1887.)
(******Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette pages 127 to 166.)
Under them land could be acquired, 支配する to 確かな 条件s of 住居 and 改良, upon very 平易な 条件, and pastoral 賃貸し（する）s could be 安全な・保証するd without the 悩ますing 制限s that had 以前 存在するd. The 植民地 was divided into six 地区s--the South-West, Gascoyne, North-West, Kimberley, Eucla, and Eastern. The South-West 構成するd the 初めは settled areas in the south-western 部分 of the 植民地, and the Eastern 地区 構成するd the central 部分s. Eucla was formed into a 分割 in the hope that the 誘導s 申し込む／申し出d would bring about 解決／入植地 in the far south-east.
Town and 郊外の allotments in all 分割s were to be sold by public auction, at such upset price as the 知事 in 会議 みなすd reasonable, and any 見込みのある purchaser could 適用する to have a 調査するd allotment put up for auction on depositing 10 per cent of the upset price. Land in the South-West 地区, which was recognised as the 農業の 部分 of the 植民地, could be 得るd under four different 方式s of 条件付きの 購入（する）: (1) by deferred 支払い（額）, with 住居, within 農業の areas; (2) by deferred 支払い（額）, with 住居, outside 農業の areas; (3) by deferred 支払い（額）, without 住居, irrespective of the 場所; and (4) by direct 支払い（額）. The 知事 in 会議 had 力／強力にする to 宣言する 農業の areas of not いっそう少なく than 2000 acres. No one could 安全な・保証する 選択s of いっそう少なく than 100 or more than 1000 acres, the price 存在 決定するd by the 知事, but not to be いっそう少なく than 10 shillings per acre, payable in twenty 年次の instalments of 6 pence per acre. On the 是認 of any 使用／適用 a licence was in the first instance 認めるd for five years, the licensee 存在 compelled to reside upon the land within six months and to 盗品故買者 the whole 選択 within the five years. 供給するd the 条件s were carried out, a 賃貸し（する） was then 認めるd for fifteen years, and the 栄冠を与える 認める could be 安全な・保証するd during its 通貨 or on its termination, on proof that 改良s to the value of the 購入（する） money had been made and the 十分な 購入（する） money paid. In 事例／患者 the applicant did not ーするつもりである to reside, the cost was 20 shillings per acre instead of 10 shillings and the 年一回の 支払い（額）s 1 shilling in place of 6 pence per acre. The other 条件s necessary to 安全な・保証する the 十分な 認める were the same. Under the fourth 方式 a 最大限 area of 1000 acres within and 5000 without an 農業の area might be 安全な・保証するd at a price 直す／買収する，八百長をするd by the 知事 in 会議. The land had to be 盗品故買者d within three years, and 改良s to the value of 5 shillings per acre 影響d within five years. Garden land in 陰謀（を企てる）s of from 5 to 20 acres could be 安全な・保証するd at 20 shillings per acre on the 条件 that the 陰謀（を企てる） was 盗品故買者d and one-tenth of it 工場／植物d with vines, fruit, or vegetables within three years. In the other 地区s the area that could be 安全な・保証するd on 条件付きの 購入（する） was not いっそう少なく than 100 or more than 5000 acres, the price and 条件s 存在 the same as in the 宣言するd 農業の areas.
Squatting 賃貸し（する）s were 認めるd for twenty-one years at a 賃貸しの that 変化させるd によれば the 地区 and the class of land. The 賃貸しの for every 1000 acres was: South-West 分割, in 封鎖するs of not いっそう少なく than 3000 acres 20 shillings; Gascoyne and Eucla 分割s, in 封鎖するs of not いっそう少なく than 20,000 acres 10 shillings for each of the first seven years, 12 shillings and 6 pence for the second seven, and 15 shillings for the third; North-West 分割, in 封鎖するs of not いっそう少なく than 20,000 acres 10 shillings, 15 shillings, and 20 shillings for each year of the three periods; Eastern 分割, in 封鎖するs of not いっそう少なく than 20,000 acres 2 shillings and 6 pence, 5 shillings, and 7 shillings and 6 pence; Kimberley 分割, in 封鎖するs of not いっそう少なく than 50,000 acres with river frontage and 20,000 without, 10 shillings, 15 shillings, and 20 shillings. The Kimberley 無断占拠者 (if within five years he had placed ten sheep or one 長，率いる of cattle for every 1000 acres upon his run) and the Eucla 無断占拠者 (if he had 実行するd the same 条件 or had spent 8 続けざまに猛撃するs per 1000 acres upon water 自然保護) could 得る a 削減 of rent to the extent of one-half for the first fourteen years; while in all 分割s except the South-West 二塁打 rent was 課すd where the 在庫／株ing 条件s were not carried out within seven years. 採掘 賃貸し（する）s (not auriferous) could be 安全な・保証するd over lots of from 20 to 200 acres on 支払い（額） of 5 shillings per acre 年一回の rent, the 賃貸し（する）s to run for seven years and to give way to a 栄冠を与える 認める when 機械／機構 to the value of 3 続けざまに猛撃するs per acre had been 築くd. New 木材／素質 規則s were also 供給するd, and the 政府 was permitted, with the 是認 of the 法律を制定する 会議, to make 譲歩s of land in return for the construction of 鉄道s, the 設立 of 産業s, or the 昇進／宣伝 of 解決／入植地. These land 規則s, with trifling 改正s, remained in 軍隊 for many years.
As soon as the land 規則s were settled in 1886, the question of 関税 改正 called for attention. Since 1882 no change had been made in the customs 義務s except to 課す a special 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of 20 shillings per 続けざまに猛撃する upon あへん. The 重荷（を負わせる） upon the 財政／金融s, however, 予定 principally to the borrowing 政策 necessitated by 鉄道 拡張, began to be so 激しい that means had to be sought to 増加する the 歳入. As in the past, indirect 課税 through the customs was considered the most feasible method, 特に as, in the opinion of several members of the 会議, it had the 影響 of fostering 地元の 産業s. A 関税 （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 任命するd in 1887 recommended a general 増加する "to 促進する the 設立 of new 産業s and encourage the 開発 of 産業s and manufactories already 設立するd."* A 関税 法案 was introduced in December 1887, and in the course of its passage through the House, Alexander Forrest, the leader of the few who 定評のある themselves to be 保護貿易論者s, 後継するd in 増加するing the 義務s on livestock in order TO PROTECT the 地元の grower.** The new 関税, which was assented to in 1888, materially 増加するd the 義務s all 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, and was an undoubted admission that the 未来 政策 of the 植民地 must be one of 保護.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1887/8 Paper Number 4.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 13 pages 76 to 77.)
An 農業の （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 was also 任命するd in 1887 to consider the whole question of 農業の 開発, and 示唆する, if possible, a means of ending the 沈滞した 条件 into which the 産業 had certainly fallen during the previous fifteen years, during which the acreage under 刈る had for all practical 目的s remained 静止している. The members of the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 made a の近くに 熟考する／考慮する of the 支配する, and their 報告（する）／憶測, published in 1891,* forms a 価値のある 記録，記録的な／記録する of the 進歩 of 農業 in the 植民地. They 表明するd the opinion that though 農業 as a 追跡 had not all the elements in its favour necessary to make it a 完全に 繁栄する 産業, Western Australia under a fair system of farming was not behind the other 植民地s in the 生産性 of 確かな 国／地域s. "の近くに 観察者／傍聴者s of 原因（となる） and 影響," says the 報告（する）／憶測, "will be able to trace many 条件s under which 農業の 追跡s have 苦しむd, but these 条件s are incidental to the peculiar circumstances of the 植民地; its 早期に 解決／入植地, its 孤立／分離 from general 商業の intercourse with the other 植民地s; to the absence of those attractions which have taken people past our shores to the sister 植民地s; and are not 直接／まっすぐに traceable to any inherent infertility of 国／地域."*** Stagnation in 企業 was せいにするd to the absence of cash sales, and the 設立 of a 物々交換する system which 供給するd only a 不安定な market and not one likely to 刺激する 生産／産物. The commissioners also drew attention to the question of 特別手当s such as those in 操作／手術 in Victoria, to 明言する／公表する 援助（する） to 農業者s, and to all 事柄s likely to be of 援助 in the 開発 of farming or the diffusion of 農業の knowledge.****
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 議会 1891/2 Paper Number 1.)
(**Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 議会 1891/2 Paper Number 1 page 3.)
(***Footnote. Ibid pages 12 to 15.)
(****Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
The 産業 seems to have received some slight impetus in the two years に引き続いて the 出版（物） of the 報告（する）／憶測, but it was not until many years later that 農業 in the 植民地 began to receive that serious attention to which its importance and the 能力s of the 国／地域 する権利を与えるd it. But though 増加するing 必要物／必要条件s made その上の 課税 necessary, and though no 援助 was received from the 広大な／多数の／重要な 最初の／主要な 産業, the returns of the 歳入 and 支出 of the 植民地 from 1883 to 1890* 証明する that the public 財政／金融s were in a distinctly healthy 条件.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
The indebtedness under 貸付金 authorisations had, it is true, grown from nothing at the 設立 of 代表者／国会議員 政府 to 1,367,444 続けざまに猛撃するs at the end of 1890. This was a 公正に／かなり 激しい 重荷（を負わせる） for a 全住民 of 46,290* persons to 耐える, but as the greater part of it was 投資するd in reproductive 作品, which, if not 歳入 producing, at least met the working expenses and 利益／興味, the 負わせる of 負債 did not 圧力（をかける） too ひどく. When, however, the ordinary income failed to 会合，会う the 支出 in 1887, 知事 Broome thought it necessary to sound a 公式文書，認める of 警告 関心ing new 支出. "貸付金s," said he, "cannot be looked upon as a 治療（薬） for 不景気 or as a 代用品，人 for real 進歩 and 開発."** This fact was impressed upon the 政府 in the に引き続いて year when a その上の 赤字 occurred. The 知事 asked for 是認 for an 付加 貸付金, a 部分 of which was to be used to recoup 歳入 account, some 50,000 続けざまに猛撃するs 前進するd to 会合，会う 資本／首都 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s.*** To this the 国務長官 辞退するd his 許可／制裁, but agreed to the 問題／発行する of 財務省 法案s for 50,000 続けざまに猛撃するs.**** The returns for 1889, however, showed a balance on the 味方する of 歳入 which went a long way toward adjusting the accounts.
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 13 page 3.)
(***Footnote. Broome to Lord Knutsford 23 July 1888.)
(****Footnote. 電報電信 Lord Knutsford to Broome 18 September 1888.)
The comparative 声明 of 輸入するs and 輸出（する）s from 1883 to 1890 is not so 安心させるing (see 統計に基づく 要約). In every instance the value of 輸入するs was greater than that of 輸出（する）s, showing that the 植民地 had lost its position as an 輸出業者. This was in part 予定 to the fact that the 発見s of gold at Kimberley and Yilgarn had attracted かなりの 増加する in 全住民, consisting 主として of 鉱夫s or those 利益／興味d in 採掘. These had at least to be fed and 着せる／賦与するd, and this necessitated larger 輸入s of foodstuffs. An examination of the schedules of 輸入するs* shows that in every year the 超過 of value in 輸入するs is 代表するd 事実上 by the 量 paid to outside sources for 農業の produce--商品／必需品s that the 植民地 itself could easily have produced in 豊富, and probably would have done but for the lethargic 条件 into which the farming 産業 had fallen, a 条件 from which not even the 存在 of so excellent a market at their very doors seems to have 誘発するd the 農業者s.
(*Footnote. See Western Australian Blue 調書をとる／予約するs 1883 to 1890.)
In other avenues of 産業 there was 安定した 進歩. Wool, pearls and pearl 爆撃する, sandalwood, 木材／素質, guano, and lead and 巡査 鉱石s continued to form the 主要な／長／主犯 articles of 輸出（する）, wool accounting for nearly half the total value, and pearls and pearl 爆撃する 普通の／平均（する）ing over 100,000 続けざまに猛撃するs a year for the years 1886 to 1890.* In 1887 another of those 苦しめるing 嵐／襲撃するs to which the North-West is so 支配する swept over the pearling areas, carrying 廃虚 and 災害 with it, and flooding a large part of the Kimberley 地区. In the course of the tempest it is 概算の that from 150 to 300 persons, mostly Malays, 死なせる／死ぬd.**
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(**Footnote. West Australian 29 April 1887.)
Turning from 財政上の 事柄s to questions 影響する／感情ing the 内部の 政策 of the 植民地, it may be について言及するd that 早期に in the eighties were heard the first whisperings of that 願望（する） which twenty years later was realised in the 設立 of the Australian 連邦／共和国. In 1880, at the instance of Sir Graham Berry, a 会議／協議会 of 代表者／国会議員s of New South むちの跡s, Victoria, and South Australia was held in Melbourne to discuss the question of 国境 義務s. Other questions of wider importance 存在 raised, it was decided to 延期，休会する the 会議／協議会 till January 1881, and 招待する 代表者／国会議員s from all the 植民地s. Western Australia 存在 a 栄冠を与える 植民地, the only one remaining in Australia--the Cinderella of the group, as Sir William Robinson with curious foresight 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d her--it was impossible to send from there a 代表者／国会議員 with 力／強力にする to speak upon any 支配する with finality, as all doings of the 地元の 政府 were 支配する to 皇室の 是認. This difficulty was explained, and it was finally agreed that 長，指導者 司法（官） Wrensfordsley should …に出席する as 委任する／代表 from Western Australia for the 目的 of watching the 訴訟／進行s and 表明するing an opinion on に代わって of the 植民地, on the understanding that such opinion would be 支配する to the 是認 of both the 地元の and 皇室の 政府s. The 主要な／長／主犯 事柄 影響する／感情ing Western Australia that was dealt with was the erection, at the 共同の expense of all the 植民地s, of a lighthouse on Cape Leeuwin, but from a general 見地 the importance of the 会議／協議会 lay in the introduction by Sir Henry Parkes of the 連邦の 会議 of Australia 法案, really a 提案 for a 修正するd form of 連合.* 借りがあるing to general 欠如（する） of 利益／興味 in the 支配する the 法案 lapsed at the time, but its proposer had sounded a new 公式文書，認める in Australian politics--one 運命にあるd to have far-reaching results. A その上の 条約 was held in Sydney in 1883,** when the 提案 to 設立する a 連邦の 会議 for Australia was 認可するd. The necessary 準備／条項s to enable Western Au stralia to become a member of the 会議 were passed by the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1884, and during 1885 the 連邦の 会議 行為／法令／行動する*** was passed and （機の）カム into 操作／手術 at the の近くに of the year. As all the 植民地s did not join in the 計画／陰謀 its usefulness was かなり 制限するd, but it helped to 可能にする the wider movement which followed, and which was foreshadowed by 知事 Broome when proroguing the 法律を制定する 会議 in 1885.****:
"It will be a 事柄 for congratulation in the 未来 that the 立法機関 of Western Australia has from the first heartily supported a 計画／陰謀 which, as I believe, will in the course of time result in 部隊ing the whole of this 部分 of the Empire in a political organisation 類似の to that which has given strength and greatness to the Dominion of Canada."
(*Footnote. Minutes of 訴訟／進行s of 会議／協議会. In New South むちの跡s 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 議会 1880/1 容積／容量 1 pages 327 et seq.)
(**Footnote. New South むちの跡s 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 議会 1883/4 容積／容量 9.)
(***Footnote. 49 Victoria Number 24.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 10 page 401.)
The first 会合 of the 会議 was held at Hobart in January 1886, J.G. 物陰／風下 Steere, a member of both the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある and 法律を制定する 会議s, 存在 （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限d to 代表する Western Australia. Its 審議s were 限定するd 主として to 簡単にするing 合法的な 過程s between the 植民地s and 容易にするing 合法的な proof of 公式の／役人 文書s. Defence was also considered, and on the 動議 of 物陰／風下 Steere it was agreed that King George's Sound and Torres 海峡 should be 防備を堅める／強化するd for the general 保護 of the continent.*
(*Footnote. 定期刊行物s and Papers of the 連邦の 会議 of Australasia 容積／容量 1 page 27.)
A second 開会／開廷／会期 of the 連邦の 会議 was held at Hobart in 1888, when the only question of importance discussed was one relating to the Queensland beche-de-mer 漁業s.*
(*Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 2.)
In 新規加入 to this movement a 植民地の 会議／協議会 was held in London in April 1887, ーするために give the 代表者／国会議員s of the 植民地s an 適切な時期 of discussing 事柄s of general 輸入する with the 皇室の 政府. The 委任する／代表s from Western Australia were John Forrest and Septimus Burt.*
(*Footnote. 指示／教授／教育s 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1887 paper A3.)
Although Sir Frederick Broome 陳列する，発揮するd many 質s of statesmanship in 取引，協定ing with large 問題／発行するs, more 特に those arising during the latter 部分 of his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語, his 内部の 行政 was marred by repeated 不一致s with 目だつ 公式の／役人s and others who 占領するd important positions in the community. A man of strong will, he resented any 明らかな encroachment upon his 機能（する）／行事s, and was inclined to 拒絶する, upon many points, the advice of those whose intimate 地元の knowledge fully qualified them to 投機・賭ける an opinion. With the Surveyor-General, John Forrest, he was continually in 衝突, and that the 公式の／役人 一般に got his way was probably 予定 to the fact that he 所有するd the same 質s as the 知事 in an even more 示すd degree. The 弁護士／代理人／検事-General (A.P. Hensman) next incurred the 知事's 対立, and みなすd it wise, after 正当化するing his own position, to retire from the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある.* The most serious 不一致 took place between the 知事 and the 長，指導者 司法（官）, Mr. (afterwards Sir) A.C. Onslow. Mr. Onslow was not then 単独の 裁判官, Mr. (afterwards Sir) Edward A. 石／投石する having been 任命するd Puisne 裁判官 in 1883. The trouble began to assume a serious 面 in 1884, and was perhaps 影響（力）d to some extent by the relations between the 知事 and Mr. Forrest. The 長，指導者 司法（官） had on one occasion 拒絶する／低下するd to advise the 知事 upon an 広告 misericordiam 控訴，上告 for a remission of 宣告，判決. Sir Frederick Broome, 疑問ing the stand taken by Mr. Onslow, referred the point to the 国務長官 for the 植民地s (Sir Henry Holland) who decided that the 裁判官 was 権利 in the particular 事例／患者, but that it was his 義務 to advise upon 嘆願（書）s other than 広告 misericordiam. 確かな other 嘆願（書）s were now referred by the 知事, but Mr. Onslow again 辞退するd to advise, and 控訴，上告d to the 国務長官. 未解決の a reply to his communication he unwisely 保持するd 所有／入手 of the 嘆願（書）s and 辞退するd to 許す the 知事 to have 接近 to them. The 知事 then ch arged the 長，指導者 司法（官） with 拘留するing important 明言する／公表する 文書s in disobedience to direct orders, and called upon him to show 原因（となる） why he should not be 一時停止するd. The 裁判官 thereupon returned the 嘆願（書）s and 今後d the whole correspondence to the 圧力（をかける）.**
(*Footnote. Inquirer 31 March 1886. See also 14 September 1887.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 14 September 1887; West Australian 15 September 1887.)
In September 1887 the correspondence was published,* showing that Mr. Onslow had made serious 告訴，告発s against the 知事 to the 国務長官. "I ask you," he wrote, "to consider the position in which I am placed. Is it possible for me to satisfactorily carry on the 行政 of 司法（官） if I am perpetually to be exposed to the 悩ますing and 侮辱ing 治療 which for so long a time I have met with at the 手渡すs of Sir F.N. Broome?"** Sir Frederick Broome, 自然に incensed, 宣言するd the 声明s were untrue, and called upon the 長，指導者 司法（官） to 身を引く them in 令状ing within a given time. In reply the 裁判官 took up the 態度 that the 事柄 was in the 手渡すs of the 国務長官, and that the 知事 could not 合法的に take any 活動／戦闘. 知事 Broome, however, was not the type of man to sit 負かす／撃墜する tamely and wait. The (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 was 控訴，上告d to, and the 長，指導者 司法（官） was 知らせるd that he must 撤回する or he would be 一時停止するd.*** Continuing to be recalcitrant, Mr. Onslow was "interdicted" by the 知事 from 演習ing the 機能（する）／行事s of his office,**** and Mr. G.W. 漏れる was 任命するd 事実上の／代理 長，指導者 司法（官）. By this time the 論争 had become a 事柄 of public 関心. The 合法的な fraternity 表明するd their sympathy with the 退位させる／宣誓証言するd 公式の／役人, and the public 一般に took 味方するs for and against. A public 会合 held in Perth indignantly 需要・要求するd the 除去 of the interdict and the 解任する of the 知事, whom it considered to have been 有罪の of "a 甚だしい／１２ダース 干渉，妨害 with the independence of the （法廷の）裁判 and an attack upon the liberties of the people."***** To 結論する the 訴訟／進行s, which must have been 公正に／かなり 利益／興味ing in themselves, a torchlight 行列 was formed and the 知事 burnt in effigy.****** 類似の 会合s were held in the other centres of 全住民. That the 非公式の 部分 of the community should favour the 長，指導者 司法（官） is not surprising. From the date of the 植民地's 創立／基礎 there had 事実上 been two sections in the community, the 知事 and the 公式の／役人s forming the one and the ordinary 全住民 the other. Every 知事 had fallen more or いっそう少なく under the 禁止（する） of popular displeasure. In this 事例／患者 it was more pronounced because, probably, something in the nature of a 推論する／理由 存在するd.
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
(**Footnote. Onslow to Sir Henry Holland 6 September 1887.)
(***Footnote. Minutes of (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 12 September 1887.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 15 September 1887.)
(*****Footnote. West Australian 19 September 1887.)
(******Footnote. Ibid.)
知事 Broome, undeterred by ebullitions of popular feeling, called a 会合 of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 for 5 December, and 召喚するd Mr. Onslow to show 原因（となる） why he should not be 一時停止するd. That gentleman 需要・要求するd that, as the 訴訟／進行s would be of the nature of a 犯罪の 裁判，公判, the 事例／患者 should be heard in public, and that he should be 許すd to 雇う counsel. These requests were 辞退するd, and he 拒絶する／低下するd to appear. The 会議 met as 召喚するd, and decided to 一時停止する the 長，指導者 司法（官） on half-支払う／賃金.*
(*Footnote. West Australian 7 December 1887; Western Australian 政府 Gazette 8 December 1887.)
Public feeling became more 激烈な／緊急の after this second 開発. The West Australian supported the 原因（となる） of the 知事, while the Inquirer, true to its traditions as an 対立 定期刊行物, sympathised with the 長，指導者 司法（官）. 早期に in 1888 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） was received that the 国務長官 had referred the whole 事柄 to the Privy 会議,* the 決定／判定勝ち（する） of which was received by cable in the に引き続いて May.** The three 段階s of the 論争 were considered in turn. On the first the Privy 会議 was of opinion that there was not 十分な ground for a formal 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 against the 長，指導者 司法（官）, though he had certainly 行為／法令／行動するd indiscreetly in 辞退するing to return the 文書s, on the second the 決定／判定勝ち（する） 明言する／公表するd that though, through irritation 明らかに arising from the first 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金, the 長，指導者 司法（官） had used 妥当でない language in his correspondence with the 知事, there were no 適する grounds for a 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 ーするつもりであるd to lead to 中断; on the third the 会議 looked much more 本気で, inasmuch as the correspondence referred to, and the letter to the 国務長官, couched in language of 広大な／多数の／重要な animosity to the 知事, had been 手渡すd to the newspapers for 出版（物）, together with confidential （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） which the 長，指導者 司法（官） had not the 権利 to give. Taking these facts into consideration, the 委員会 of the Privy 会議 had some hesitation in not 確認するing the 中断, but as no moral laxity in the 演習 of his judicial 機能（する）／行事s was imputed to the 長，指導者 司法（官）, it decided to 除去する the 中断, at the same time 発言／述べるing that the relations between the 知事 and the 長，指導者 司法（官） must be prejudicial to the 植民地, and if continued would lead to deplorable results.*** The Privy 会議 決定／判定勝ち（する） having been 確認するd by Order in 会議 and the 中断 除去するd, Mr. Onslow took his seat on the （法廷の）裁判 as 長，指導者 司法（官） on 15 May まっただ中に the congratulations of the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業, 発言する／表明するd by Mr. Hensman. Unfortunately, this was not the end of the trouble. Several 名誉き損 活動／戦闘s 未解決の against Har per and Hackett, the proprietors of the West Australian, were tried before the 長，指導者 司法（官）. Mr. A.P. Hensman, who had been the 支持する for Mr. Onslow all through the 論争 with the 知事, 得るd 損害賠償金 against the newspaper, and an 使用／適用 for a new 裁判，公判 was 辞退するd. There 存在 only two 裁判官s, in 事例／患者 of a 不一致 between them in 十分な 法廷，裁判所 事例／患者s, the opinion of the 長，指導者 司法（官） carried the day. Another 名誉き損 活動／戦闘 (referred to later) brought by the reverend J.B. Gribble, was also tried by the 長，指導者 司法（官）, who was （刑事）被告 of showing partiality toward the 原告／提訴人.
(*Footnote. 電報電信 植民地の Office to Broome 24 January 1888; 派遣（する） Sir Henry Holland to Broome 26 January 1888.)
(**Footnote. Lord Knutsford to Broome 10 May 1888.)
(***Footnote. Lord Knutsford to Broome 11 May 1888 enclosing Privy 会議 judgment and Order in 会議 確認するing it.)
From these and other instances the proprietors of the newspaper were 納得させるd that Mr. Onslow's 決定／判定勝ち（する）s were not impartial. They therefore drew up two 文書s, couched in 類似の language--the one a 嘆願（書） to the 法律を制定する 会議* and the other a 記念の to the 長官 for the 植民地s.** The 結論するing paragraph, 事実上 the same in both, shows how 激烈な／緊急の the position must have been:
"For nearly five years have we 苦しむd as we have 始める，決める 前へ／外へ. Our 商売／仕事, our 所有物／資産／財産s, our 評判s are imperilled. The baser 肉親，親類d of 新聞記者／雑誌記者 and public （衆議院の）議長 攻撃する，非難するs us confidently and with impunity. We cannot 得る 司法（官） in the 最高裁判所. 迫害するd, plundered, and 侮辱d, we are helpless and without 救済 before the 長，指導者 法廷 of our Queen. To Your Honourable House (Your Lordship) we 控訴，上告 to 援助（する） in ending a 明言する／公表する of things which is a スキャンダル to the （法廷の）裁判, a menace to the 福利事業 of the 植民地, and a dishonour to the 栄冠を与える."
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1888 Paper A1.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 1889 Paper Number 4.)
The 嘆願（書） to the 法律を制定する 会議, which asked that the 知事 be requested to 任命する a third 裁判官, was 現在のd by Mr. Parker. After a long and not always courteous 審議 it was decided to 言及する it to the 長，指導者 司法（官） for his answer.* When that was received, その上の consideration was deferred, 未解決の the reply of Lord Knutsford to the 記念の. Mr. Onslow about the same time 今後d his 味方する of the 事例／患者 to the 国務長官,** 告発する／非難するing Harper and Hackett of making "outrageous and malicious 声明s."
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 14 pages 59 et seq.)
(**Footnote. Onslow to Lord Knutsford 27 October 1888 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1889 Paper Number 4.)
In January 1889 the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 held at exhaustive 調査* into the whole 事柄 in the presence of the parties, but （機の）カム to no 決定／判定勝ち（する）, preferring to leave the question, which was really of a judicial character, to the 植民地の Office. The 国務長官 then requested the 法律を制定する 会議 to consider it,** and 非常に長い 決意／決議s were carried*** by that 団体／死体 to the 影響 that in 確かな 事例／患者s the 長，指導者 司法（官） had used language not becoming the dignity of his office, and had shown decided sympathy with the 原告／提訴人 in the Gribble 事例／患者, which せねばならない have been left to the second 裁判官; that there was no 推論する／理由 to impugn His Honour's 正直さ of 目的, but that his warm, impulsive temperament led to 迅速な and unconsidered 激しい非難; and that as the community had been divided into 敵意を持った （軍の）野営地，陣営s over the 事柄, peace and harmony could not be hoped for so long as Mr. Onslow remained in the position of 長，指導者 司法（官）. These 決意／決議s were 今後d to Lord Knutsford, who replied that the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 should 完全にする the 訴訟／進行s by 一時停止するing or acquitting.****
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1889 Paper Number 4 pages 75 et seq.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 15 pages 254 to 255.)
(***Footnote. Ibid pages 313 to 335.)
(****Footnote. 電報電信 Lord Knutsford to Broome 15 March 1889.)
The (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 拒絶する／低下するd the 責任／義務,* and decided to 今後 the whole 事柄 to the 国務長官.** At the same time the 長，指導者 司法（官） 適用するd for and 得るd leave of absence to visit England,*** where he remained until 1891. すぐに after Mr. Onslow's 出発 the 国務長官 considered the whole question and decided that there was no justification for his 除去,**** and he returned to （問題を）取り上げる his position again as 長，指導者 司法（官） of the 植民地, to the 明らかな satisfaction of everyone and without any 調印するs of a 再発 of the old trouble. 一方／合間 Sir Frederick Broome's 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office had come to an end, and a third 裁判官, Mr. A.P. Hensman, was 任命するd すぐに after Mr. Onslow's return.
(*Footnote. 電報電信 Broome to Lord Knutsford 22 March 1889.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 6 April 1889.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 11 April 1889.)
(****Footnote. Lord Knutsford to Broome 11 July 1889.)
The Gribble 事例／患者 referred to above rose out of an article published in the Inquirer* and a lecture 配達するd in Perth by the reverend J.B. Gribble on the ill-治療 and cruelty meted out to the aborigines in the Gascoyne 地区.** Mr. Gribble had travelled the 地区 for some months as a missionary, and was 深く，強烈に impressed with the unsatisfactory 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s. His enthusiasm, and perhaps 欠如（する） of judgment, led him to make serious 告訴，告発s against the 無断占拠者s without 予定 consideration of all the circumstances. These utterances were 堅固に resented, and 決意／決議s condemnatory of them were passed by the 法律を制定する 会議.*** That they had, however, some 影響 is shown by the passing, during the year, of an 行為／法令／行動する for the 保護 of the aborigines, 供給するing for the 罰 of those 有罪の of offences against the natives.**** The 行為／法令／行動する was not wholly successful, and the 知事 in the に引き続いて year 表明するd a 願望（する） to 修正する it.*****
(*Footnote. Inquirer 13 January 1886.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 16 June and 23 June 1886.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 11 pages 582 et seq.)
(****Footnote. 50 Victoria Number 25.)
(*****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 12 page 3.)
Notwithstanding the 決意／決議s of the 会議, Mr. Gribble continued on every possible occasion to 繰り返し言う his 見解（をとる）s.* The West Australian then published an 編集（者）の 反映するing upon his character, 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語ing him a liar and a canting humbug.** In return the missionary 学校／設けるd 訴訟／進行s for 名誉き損. Contrary to ordinary practice it was decided that the two 裁判官s--the 長，指導者 司法（官） and Mr. 司法（官） 石／投石する--should sit together, without a 陪審／陪審員団, to hear the 事例／患者. The 裁判，公判 lasted a month, and the 判決 was not given till some weeks afterwards. The 決定／判定勝ち（する） 宣言するd that the 被告s had 証明するd their 嘆願 of justification and were する権利を与えるd to a 判決. The proprietors of the newspaper, however, considered that though the 長，指導者 司法（官） gave a 判決 for them he 配達するd judgment in favour of the 原告／提訴人, and his 活動／戦闘 in the 事柄 was made one of the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s in the 嘆願（書） and 記念の 現在のd against him.***
(*Footnote. See e.g. Daily Telegraph Melbourne 9 July 1886.)
(**Footnote. West Australian 24 August 1886.)
(***Footnote. 嘆願（書） of Harper and Hackett in 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1888 Paper A1.)
事柄s such as the foregoing are, however, only of passing 利益／興味. The 優れた features of 永久の value to the 開発 of the 植民地 and of 最高位の importance in its history were the 進歩／革新的な public 作品 政策; the gold 発見s at Kimberley and Yilgarn; and the successful consummation of the long-continued agitation in favour of responsible 政府.
The 財政上の results of the 鉄道s in 操作／手術 up to the end of 1885 had by no means equalled the 期待s--on the Eastern line there was a 利益（をあげる） of 65 続けざまに猛撃するs and on the Geraldton to Northampton line a loss of 899 続けざまに猛撃するs--but the convenience afforded 納得させるd both the 政府 and the public that その上の 拡張 was necessary. 提案s had been made to build 支店s on the land-認める system from the main line to the さまざまな 農業の and pastoral centres, but the 政府, no 疑問 keeping in mind the 国務長官's opinion, decided that any 拡張s or 支店s must be part of the 政府 政策. This 決定／判定勝ち（する） did not, however, 言及する to suggestions then in the 空気／公表する to build a 鉄道 on the land-認める system from Albany to Beverley or York, thus connecting with the 存在するing eastern line. When these suggestions （機の）カム to be considered as practical 提案s it was 設立する that the 譲歩s asked for the York to Beverley 部分 were too 広大な／多数の／重要な to be 認めるd, and the 立法機関 therefore passed an 行為／法令／行動する authorising the construction of this section from 貸付金 基金s. The 契約 was let to Mr. Edward Keane, the price 存在 59,878 続けざまに猛撃するs, on 21 April 1885, and the line was opened in August 1886. ーするために give equal 施設s to Northam and Newcastle, and so bring the whole of the then 存在するing 農業の area within reach of the 鉄道, it was decided in 1886 to throw out a 支店 from Spencer's Brook to Northam, and in 1887 from Clackline to Newcastle. The first of these was opened for traffic in October 1886, and the second in January 1888. 当局 was also given for the construction of a line from Geraldton to Greenough and of a tramway from Roebourne to Cossack. These were opened in 1887.*
(*Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 756.)
The 願望（する） to build 鉄道s to almost every 郡区 and village in the 植民地, irrespective of the results likely to accrue, seems to have actuated many of the colonists during these years. Suggestions, mostly on the land-認める or other 原則 advantageous to the proposers, were made to connect Busselton, Albany, Eucla, Geraldton, and even the far north by 鉄道 with Perth. Most of the suggestions were, wisely, not 注意するd by the 立法機関, but a 議会の 委員会 支持するd the construction of a line through Pinjarra to Busselton by a 私的な company under a 保証（人） of 利益／興味.* The 会議 itself listened favourably to the 提案,** but the 国務長官 拒否権d it.***
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1887 Paper A20.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 12 pages 428 et seq.)
(***Footnote. Sir Henry Holland to Broome 11 November 1887.)
The idea of a land-認める 鉄道 to connect Albany with the 終点 of the eastern 鉄道 was first 討議するd in 1880, and in reply to 知事 Robinson* the 国務長官 約束d to give 皇室の 許可／制裁 to any 計画／陰謀 提案するd by responsible and competent persons the 条件 of which were advantageous to the 植民地.** In September 1881, the 植民地の 長官 requested the 法律を制定する 会議 to 投票（する） 600 続けざまに猛撃するs for the 目的s of 安全な・保証するing （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） about the country through which the line would pass, and of bringing the idea before English 資本主義者s. The Surveyor-General (Mr. Fraser) 示唆するd in a 報告（する）／憶測*** "that in consideration of European 資本主義者s 建設するing a 鉄道 of a 類似の class to the New Zealand lines (3 feet 6 インチs) and 請け負うing the 解決／入植地 of not いっそう少なく than, say, 5000 people in the 植民地, the 栄冠を与える should 認める in 料金 two million acres of land, to be selected by them between Beverley and King George's Sound."
(*Footnote. Robinson to Earl of Kimberley 9 June 1881.)
(**Footnote. Earl of Kimberley to Robinson 27 July 1881.)
(***Footnote. Surveyor-General to 知事 29 January 1881 in 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1881 Paper Number 24.)
申し込む／申し出s to 建設する the line were quickly 来たるべき. In January 1882 Mr. Jules Joubert, on に代わって of a 企業連合（する） in the eastern 植民地s, 提案するd to build and 用意する the line and 手渡す it over to the 政府 by the end of 1885 on the に引き続いて 条件: The 請負業者s to introduce not いっそう少なく than 2000 European 移民，移住（する）s, who should 受託する land in part 支払い（額） for their services; the 政府 to 認める to the 企業連合（する） in 料金 10 million acres, one-half along the line of 鉄道, one-fourth east of the line に向かって the South Australian 国境, and the other fourth 西方の toward Geographe Bay. The cost of construction was 概算の at 1 million 続けざまに猛撃するs.* The 知事, who favoured the 受託 of the 申し込む／申し出, submitted it to the 会議, which after long consideration decided that the 申し込む／申し出 was not in the best 利益／興味s of the 植民地, and wisely 拒絶する／低下するd it.**
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1882 Paper Number 1.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 7 page 340.)
The next 提案 （機の）カム from Mr. Audley Coote,* who, on に代わって of a Tasmanian 企業連合（する）, 申し込む／申し出d to build the line 供給するd the 政府 would 保証（人） 3 1/2 per cent 利益／興味 on 1 million 続けざまに猛撃するs for twenty-five years. The 逮捕する 利益（をあげる） above 7 per cent on 資本／首都 was to be divided between the 政府 and the 企業連合（する）, the former to have the 選択 of 購入（する） at any time on giving one year's notice. Much as the Western Australians 願望（する）d the 鉄道, they were not 用意が出来ている to assent to 条件 so one-味方するd, and the 会議 without much ado 拒絶するd the 提案.**
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1882 Paper A8; 1883 開会／開廷／会期 1 paper A1.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 8 pages 5 to 6.)
Three other 申し込む／申し出s on に代わって of separate 企業連合（する）s were put 今後 during the に引き続いて year.* The most important of these was that made by Mr. Anthony Hordern on に代わって of a 企業連合（する）, which, after 改正, was 最終的に 受託するd by the 政府. Mr. Hordern 申し込む／申し出d** to 建設する, 用意する, 持続する, and work a line of 鉄道 from York to Albany upon the same 計器 as the 政府 鉄道s, the line to be 完全にするd within five years from the date of 受託 of the 条件s. In return the 企業連合（する） asked for 補欠／交替の／交替する 封鎖するs of land in sections of 12,000 acres along the line of 大勝する for every mile of 鉄道 construction, the 認めるs to be made upon the 完成 of each 20 miles, with the 選択 of selecting land south of Perth and east and south of York, when the land along the 大勝する was unsuitable. To enable this to be done the 政府 was to 身を引く from sale for eight years all land within ten miles of either 味方する of the line. The 企業連合（する） also asked for the 特権 of 宣言するing 補欠／交替の／交替する town-場所／位置s along the 大勝する, and for the admission of all 構成要素s of construction 解放する／自由な of 義務 and 解放する／自由な of 鉄道 freight 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s. The 企業連合（する） その上の 提案するd, after 完成 of the York to Albany section, to continue the line on the same 条件 along the western seaboard northward to Cambridge 湾, and conjointly with the 計画／陰謀 to introduce 50,000 European 移民，移住（する）s, for doing which they would 要求する 120 acres for each adult and 60 acres for each child over fifteen years of age.
(*Footnote. Ibid page 69.)
(**Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1883 開会／開廷／会期 1 paper Number 3.)
Mr. Hordern's 提案 was referred forthwith by 知事 Robinson to a 委員会 with 指示／教授／教育s to make 十分な 調査 into the 事柄. This 委員会 報告（する）／憶測d in March.* In the first place the members pointed out that most of the land between York and Beverley was already 疎遠にするd, and that it was impossible to 補償する with 認めるs of land any 企業連合（する） for 建設するing a 鉄道 between those places. Such a line せねばならない be built by the 政府, and Beverley made the starting-point for any 提案するd land-認める 鉄道 to Albany. In regard to Mr. Hordern's 提案 the 委員会 considered that the 大勝する should be 直す／買収する，八百長をするd by the 政府, and no deviation that would lengthen any section of 20 miles by more than three permitted without the 是認 of the 政府 Engineer; that the 永久の way and rolling 在庫／株 should be equal to that used on 政府 lines; that one train should start from either end daily, the 関税 存在 支配する to 政府 是認; and that 構成要素s for construction be 認める 義務 解放する／自由な, but freight at a 減ずるd 率 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d for carriage over 政府 lines. So far as the 準備／条項s for land 認めるs were 関心d, the 委員会 advised that all 疎遠にするd land within thirty miles of the 鉄道 on either 味方する be 孤立した from sale until the 十分な 量 agreed upon had been 割り当てるd to the 企業連合（する）, which should have 力／強力にする to 宣言する town-場所／位置s along the 大勝する; that 12,000 acres for each mile 建設するd was fair 補償（金）, but that it must be selected in 封鎖するs of not いっそう少なく than 60,000 acres within the 限界s 始める，決める out by the 委員会, and that 25 per cent of the land should not be 手渡すd over until the 満足な 完成 of the 契約. With regard to the 移民／移住 提案s, the 委員会 felt that there was not 十分な （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） to 令状 their 即座の 受託, but advised that the 企業連合（する） should be paid 10 続けざまに猛撃するs per 法令 adult for 5000 移民，移住（する）s, to be introduced within five years from the 開始／学位授与式 of the 鉄道.
に引き続いて upon this 報告（する）／憶測 Mr. Hordern submitted an 修正するd 提案,* 事実上 具体的に表現するing the 条件s laid 負かす／撃墜する by the 委員会, but 示唆するing in 新規加入 that upon the 協定 存在 調印するd the 企業連合（する） should be 許すd 240,000 acres, 代表するing the first twenty miles of the line, so that land might be すぐに 利用できる for 移民，移住（する）s and workmen. The idea of building a line to Cambridge 湾 was dropped, but the large 移民／移住 計画／陰謀 was その上の 勧めるd at かなりの length. The question of a transcontinental 鉄道 between Perth and Port Augusta on the land-認める 原則 was also raised, but at a later date it was 認める that there was no chance at the time of making any 協定 with the South Australian 政府.**
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1883 2nd 開会／開廷／会期 Paper A3.)
(**Footnote. Sir J. Vogel and A. Hordern to 栄冠を与える スパイ／執行官s 28 February 1884 in 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1884 Paper A14.)
In the 合間 two other 申し込む／申し出s to 建設する the Beverley to Albany--known as the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern--line were received by the 政府. 陸軍大佐 McMurdo 申し込む／申し出d to 建設する the line to Albany and thence to the 国境 of South Australia in return for a 認める of 10,000 acres per mile (to be selected in 補欠／交替の／交替する 封鎖するs along the line) and 力／強力にする to 問題／発行する mortgage 社債s to the value of 4000 続けざまに猛撃するs per mile upon which the 政府 should 保証（人） 3 1/2 per cent 利益／興味 for thirty years. In lieu of 税金s, stamp 義務s, and other 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s the 政府 was to receive 10 per cent of the 純利益 年一回の. The 企業連合（する） also agreed to introduce forty selected 移民，移住（する）s for each mile of the lines.* (*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1883 2nd 開会／開廷／会期 Paper Number 18.)
A more ambitious 計画／陰謀 was put 今後 by Sir Julius Vogel and Mr. Audley Coote. They 申し込む／申し出d to build a 鉄道 from Beverley to Eetakup, and thence easterly and northerly to Eucla, skirting the coast as 調査するs to be made might 示唆する. The 条件s were in the main those laid 負かす／撃墜する by the 委員会, the most important exceptions 存在 that trains should be run twice a week until 付加 services should be 要求するd to connect with mail steamers, and that twelve years be 許すd for the 完成 of the work. An 修正するd 提案 申し込む／申し出d as an 代案／選択肢 a line from York through Hampton Plains to Eucla. The 企業連合（する） also 提案するd to 請け負う the 改良 of Fremantle Harbour in return for 支払い（額） partly in land and partly in debentures, or wholly in debentures.*
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1883 2nd 開会／開廷／会期 Paper A15.)
The three 提案s were referred by the 法律を制定する 会議 to a Select 委員会, which recommended* that 交渉s be entered into for the construction of two lines: (1) from Beverley to Albany and (2) from York through the Hampton Plains to Eucla. These 大勝するs were likely to be most 有益な in 促進するing the 内部の 開発 of the 植民地, and the latter would be the most direct for communication with the eastern 植民地s. Recognising that the 完成 of a line through Eucla to Adelaide would かもしれない make Fremantle the 終点 port of call for mail steamers, and that in such 事例／患者 harbour 施設s would be 要求するd there, the 委員会 inclined toward the 提案 submitted by Sir Julius Vogel and Mr. Coote.
At this 行う／開催する／段階 知事 Broome asked for and 得るd 許可 for the 政府 to 結論する 交渉s, on the understanding that if 過激な alterations were made in the 条件 they would have to be 批准するd by the 法律を制定する 会議. The 領収書 of Mr. Hordern's 修正するd 提案s made it necessary to 任命する a その上の Select 委員会. The 報告（する）／憶測 of his 委員会* favoured the 計画／陰謀s of Sir Julius Vogel and Mr. Hordern, but as the South Australian 政府 had shown itself …に反対するd to a transcontinental line on the land-認める 原則, the York to Eucla section was 許すd to 減少（する）.** This left Mr. Hordern's 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern 鉄道 提案 to be considered by the 立法機関. After discussion, 条件 consisting in the main of those recommended by the 委員会 were agreed to, and the 契約 was 調印するd on 25 October 1884.*** The line 存在 243 miles long, the 企業連合（する） was する権利を与えるd to 2,916,000 acres of land. They deposited 10,000 続けざまに猛撃するs as a 保証（人） for the fulfilment of the 契約, and agreed to introduce 5000 移民，移住（する）s at the 率 of not under 700 or over 1000 a year.****
(*Footnote. Ibid Paper A22.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 9 page 306.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 44.)
(****Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1884 Paper A33 含む／封じ込めるing copy of 契約. For descriptive （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern 鉄道 see Mennell, P. The Coming 植民地 London 1892 一時期／支部s 5 to 8 and Hart, F. Western Australia in 1891 Perth 1891 pages 59 to 62.)
Mr. Hordern's 計画／陰謀s for the 開発 of the 植民地 were not 限定するd to building 鉄道s. In 1884 he 提案するd,* on に代わって of a 企業連合（する）, to 築く a college of 農業, the 示唆するd curriculum of which would really have made it a technical school. The 企業連合（する） asked for the 権利 to select in any 地区 of the 植民地 25 million acres of land upon a ninety-nine years 賃貸し（する） at an 年次の 賃貸しの of not more than 40 shillings per 1000 acres for first-class and 20 shillings per 1000 acres for second-class lands, with the 選択 of 購入（する） at any time during the 賃貸し（する） at the upset price 直す／買収する，八百長をするd by the land 規則s of 1882. The college was to be built and an 実験の farm 設立するd upon the first land selected, and the 企業連合（する） 要求するd the 権利 to sell or 賃貸し（する） other areas to students or 農業者s who might 願望（する） to cultivate them under the 指導／手引 of the college 当局. As a 保証（人）, the 企業連合（する） 提案するd to make a first 選択 of 100,000 acres and expend a sum of at least 5000 続けざまに猛撃するs in 築くing buildings and other 改良s, failing which the whole would 逆戻りする to the 栄冠を与える at the end of five years. If successful the 計画／陰謀 would be 大きくするd by the erection of その上の colleges and the 設立 of butter, cheese, and oil factories and ワイン-making 工場／植物s. After fully considering the 提案s the 法律を制定する 会議 decided not to agree to them.** The same course was taken in the 事例／患者 of suggestions by Mr. Hordern to build tramways between Perth, Fremantle, Bunbury, Busselton, and Kojonup.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1884 Paper A16)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 9 page 307 to 308.)
ーするために carry out his 協定 to build the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern 鉄道, Mr. Hordern formed in London the Western Australian Land Company, with a 資本／首都 of 300,000 続けざまに猛撃するs and a debenture 問題／発行する of 500,000 続けざまに猛撃するs, Mr. T.W. Powell 存在 the first chairman of Directors. Mr. Hordern then left London with the 意向 of organising 操作／手術s in the 植民地, but unfortunately fell a 犠牲者 to the heat of the Red Sea and died before reaching Albany. His 契約 was transferred to the Western Australian Land Company by the 法律を制定する 会議 in April 1888, with the exception of the 条項s relating to 移民／移住.* Several large 禁止（する）d of 移民，移住（する）s were introduced in 1886 and 1887, but in June of the latter year the Company 宣言するd itself unable to 吸収する any more and asked to be 解放（する）d from the 義務. 裁判官ing from the ideas put 今後, Mr. Hordern's death, at a comparatively 早期に age, was a 際立った loss to Western Australia. A man of large 見通し and 巨大な 商売／仕事 capacity, he would almost certainly have done much to develop the 植民地's 資源s and raise it to a position of prominence in keeping with its undoubted 可能性s. To the 撤退 of the guiding mind may be ascribed the want of success of the Land Company.
(*Footnote. 51 Victoria Number 30.)
The 契約 to build the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern Line was 安全な・保証するd by Millar Brothers, of Melbourne, who 開始するd at both ends and proceeded so 速く that the line was opened to traffic on 1 June 1889.* While under the direction of the company it was only a 修正するd success, 原因（となる）d probably by the 失敗 of the Company to 配置する／処分する／したい気持ちにさせる of the lands along the 大勝する. Only a small 部分 was sold or 賃貸し（する）d, and still いっそう少なく （疑いを）晴らすd and cultivated. Town-場所／位置s were 宣言するd at Lakeside, 開始する Barker, Cranbrook, Broomehill, Katanning, Wagin, Narrogin, and Pingelly. Apart from the 利益／興味s of the Company, the line 証明するd a 広大な／多数の／重要な convenience to 設立するd 植民／開拓者s along the 鉄道, and was of かなりの service to the 植民地. The Company's 所有物／資産／財産, 含むing the 鉄道, was 購入（する）d by the 政府 in December 1896** for 1.1 million 続けざまに猛撃するs, and 正式に taken over on 8 January 1897.
(*Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 45.)
(**Footnote. Under 60 Victoria Number 43. See also とじ込み／提出するs of West Australian December 1896 and January 1897.)
Other 計画／陰謀s for land-認める 鉄道s followed upon the 協定 with Mr. Hordern. Between 1885 and 1889 several 試みる／企てるs were made by a 企業連合（する） 持つ／拘留するing land in the Esperance Bay and Hampton Plains 地区s to 安全な・保証する an 協定 to connect the two by 鉄道 under 条件s 類似の to those 可決する・採択するd for the 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern Line, but the 法律を制定する 会議 拒絶する／低下するd to give its assent. A 一時的に 協定 was entered into in 1889,* but was never carried out. Another 提案 was made in 1888 by Dr. Boyd** to build a line from the eastern terminus of the 政府 line to Eucla. The 申し込む／申し出 was referred to a Select 委員会, which recommended*** that the 計器 should be 5 feet 3 インチs, that 20,000 acres should be 許すd for each mile 建設するd, and that 50,000 続けざまに猛撃するs be deposited as a 保証（人） that the work would be carried out. The 条件s 証明するing too stringent, the 提案 lapsed, and another 適切な時期--the last for several years--of connecting east and west by 鉄道 was lost. Other 申し込む／申し出s were made by 企業連合（する）s to build lines from Derby and from Wyndham to the newly-opened Kimberley goldfields on either the land-認める 原則 or 政府 保証（人）, but the 当局 拒絶する／低下するd to 認可する them.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1889 2nd 開会／開廷／会期 Paper A2; third 開会／開廷／会期 Paper Number 5.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 1888 Paper A7.)
(***Footnote. Ibid Paper A11 and Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 14 page 482.)
The only other 鉄道 on the land-認める 原則 that was built was the 結果 of a 提案 made by Mr. John Waddington* in 1884 to 建設する a line from York to Geraldton by way of Northam and Newcastle. The 条件 were based upon those in the 協定 with Mr. Hordern. The 提案 was referred to a Select 委員会, which advised** that the line should start from Guildford and run 経由で the Victoria Plains, Upper Irwin, and Dongara to Walkaway, the southern terminus of the 政府 line from Geraldton. On the 推薦 of the 委員会 the 政府 was 権力を与えるd to 交渉する with Mr. Waddington on the same 条件 as with Mr. Hordern, except that the land taken for the 鉄道 in passing through town-場所／位置s and freehold 所有物／資産／財産 should be only one chain in width, and that no land should be reserved from sale until the 協定 had 現実に been 結論するd. The area of 12,000 acres for each mile of 鉄道 was to be selected in 補欠／交替の／交替する 封鎖するs within 40 miles of either 味方する of the line and so as not to 干渉する with freeholds already 認めるd. The 協定 was 調印するd in February 1886,*** and the 契約 for building the 鉄道 was let to Edward Keane. The cost of the work, 完全にする with rolling 在庫／株 and other appurtenances, was 概算の at about 1 million 続けざまに猛撃するs Stirling. Want of success on the part of Mr. Waddington in 得るing the necessary 資本／首都 原因（となる）d the 中断 of 操作／手術s in 1887,**** but they were 再開するd in 1890 with the 援助 of 確かな English 資本主義者s, and the whole line was opened to traffic in 1894. It still remains the 所有物／資産／財産 of the Midland 鉄道 Company, which during 最近の years has fallen into line with the 政府 in the endeavour to 延長する the 農業の 可能性s of Western Australia.
(*Footnote. Ibid 1884 Paper A31.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1886 Paper Number 20 copy of 契約.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 13 page 55.)
同時に with the building of 鉄道s there was かなりの 拡張 of the telegraph system, all of which was carried out by the 政府 with the 援助 of money derived from 貸付金s. The only 申し込む／申し出 made to build a telegraph line on the land-認める system was one to connect Geraldton with Roebourne, which was 拒絶する／低下するd. In 1882 the 会議 authorised the work out of 貸付金 基金s, and the 契約 was let to J. and W. Bateman. By it Shark Bay, the Gascoyne, Ashburton, and Fortescue were all linked with Perth, and an 拡張 was almost すぐに made to Cossack. In 1889 the line was continued to Derby, a distance of about 500 miles, and 結局 carried on to Wyndham and Hall's Creek.
In 1883 Sir Julius Vogel* 提案するd to lay a cable to the north-west coast to connect with the European system, but afterwards abandoned the idea. Millar brothers then 示唆するd** (in 1888) running one from the north-west coast to India or Ceylon, but before 交渉s were 結論するd the 植民地の Office arranged with the Eastern 拡張 Company to 延長する its system from Banjoewangi in Java, to Broome.*** This was opened in February 1889, and under 協定 Western Australia agreed to 送信する／伝染させる all cables to and from the eastern 植民地s over 地元の lines at half 率s, 1000 続けざまに猛撃するs a year in 領収書s 存在 保証（人）d. In 1887 the Perth Telephone 交流 was opened, and the same convenience given to Fremantle in 1888.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1883 2nd 開会／開廷／会期 Paper A1.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 1887/8 Paper A2.)
(***Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1888 Paper A2.)
We have already seen that in 関係 with さまざまな land-認める 鉄道 計画／陰謀s 申し込む／申し出s were made to 建設する harbour 施設s at Fremantle. Other suggestions had been made from time to time during the history of the 植民地, but 非，不，無 of them had 奮起させるd 信用／信任 in their practicability. During the seventies 計画（する）s were submitted to Sir John Coode, who 提案するd two possible 計画／陰謀s--one to 供給する 29 feet of water in a 安全な 船の停泊地 at a cost of 638,000 続けざまに猛撃するs and the other to 供給する 20 feet at a cost of 242,000 続けざまに猛撃するs.* To consider either in the then 財政上の 条件 of the 植民地 was out of the question. The 事柄 was therefore 許すd to 残り／休憩（する） until 1886, when Sir John Coode was 招待するd to visit the 植民地 and make suggestions after an exhaustive 査察. In his 報告（する）／憶測** he 表明するd the opinion that the difficulties attendant upon the 形式 and 維持／整備 of suitable and 安全な approaches in Cockburn Sound were so 広大な／多数の／重要な, and would be …を伴ってd by so large an 支出, that there would be no 代案／選択肢 but to consider the utilisation of the 避難所 and 深い water as impracticable.
(*Footnote. Coode, Sir John. 報告（する）／憶測 on the question of harbour 改良s at Fremantle, in 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1878 Paper Number 26.)
(**Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1887 Paper Number 18.)
With regard to a 提案 to build moles and 削減（する） a canal through to Rocky Bay, he considered that the cost of 避難所ing moles 築くd in suitable positions would be so 広大な／多数の／重要な as to make the idea 認容できない. There was a 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な 反対 to a corresponding 治療 of the 存在するing 入り口 of the river, as the 限られた／立憲的な tide and consequent small backwash for scouring 目的s would probably 原因（となる） a sandbar to form at the 改善するd 入り口 and thus materially 影響する／感情 its 公共事業（料金）／有用性. The Rocky Bay 事業／計画（する） he did not think was feasible. To 供給する for the unimpeded movement of the sand it would be requisite that any 避難所ing work at Fremantle must be detached from the 本土／大陸, 関係 with the shore 存在 影響d by means of an open viaduct, so arranged as to 収容する／認める the unrestricted passage of the sand without 原因（となる）ing its deposition. Altogether Sir John Coode's 報告（する）／憶測 was not favourable to the construction of a harbour at Fremantle, and the 政府 felt compelled to 減少（する） the 事柄 for the time and do what was possible toward the 改良 of 存在するing 船の停泊地s.
GOLD DISCOVERIES: KIMBERLEY AND YILGARN GOLDFIELDS.
AGITATION FOR AUTONOMY CONTINUED.
RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT.
The belief that at some time gold in payable 量s would be discovered in Western Australia seems to have 存在するd almost from the inception of the 植民地. The "colour" had 繰り返して been 設立する, now here, now there, but beyond intermittent 試みる／企てるs at prospecting no strenuous endeavour had been made to discover payable metal. Specks of alluvial from Dardanup, small 捨てるs from somewhere east of Northam, "colour" from the Blackwood, and the suggestion of it from the Darling 範囲s 構成するd the total result up to 1850. Zest was then 追加するd to the search by the 発見 in Victoria of goldfields rich beyond description, and the 炎上 of 願望（する） kindled もう一度. The old 航海士s' 報告（する）／憶測s that the north-west seemed to be a land wherein the precious metal might 嘘（をつく） hidden were remembered, but at that time it was "undiscovered country" so far as Western Australian colonists were 関心d, and no one was hardy enough to 勇敢に立ち向かう its possible dangers. 存在 of opinion, however, that the 領土 within reach should be 実験（する）d, the 政府 輸入するd half a dozen prospectors from Ballarat and engaged a geologist of more or いっそう少なく competence to advise upon mineral areas. In 1854 Surveyor Robert Austin, passing through the Murchison, 表明するd the 見解（をとる） that around 開始する Magnet lay かもしれない one of the richest goldfields of the world. But the 新たにするd activity was doomed to 失望, and for a その上の thirty years the treasures remained beyond the ken of man. The only result was the careful 準備 of papers for learned societies on the 非，不，無-auriferous nature of Western Australian 激しく揺するs.* Little more was done for many years. After the 開始 up of the north-west the 政府 居住（者） (Mr. R.F. Sholl) and some of the 植民／開拓者s occasionally drew attention to what appeared to be 約束ing mineral areas, and in 1882 a small nugget 重さを計るing 14 pennyweight was 設立する between Cossack and Roebourne by Mr. Alexander McRae. After that 知事 Broome, in a 派遣（する） to the 植民地の Office, 予報するd that the 発見 of pa yable gold was almost 確かな , and 示唆するd that 規則s should be でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd "for 即座の 使用／適用 in 事例／患者 of necessity."**
(*Footnote. See Paper by E.C. Hargreaves in 訴訟／進行s of the 王室の Geographical Society London 1864 容積／容量 8 page 32.)
(**Footnote. Broome to Lord Derby 16 November 1883.)
The actual 発見 of gold was 予定 to the advice of the 政府 geologist, Mr. E.T. Hardman, a scientist of 証明するd ability and experience. Mr. Hardman …を伴ってd Mr. H.F. Johnston in the Kimberley 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊s of 1883 and 1884, and in each 事例／患者 問題／発行するd 包括的な 報告（する）／憶測s on the 地質学 of the country. In the first 報告（する）／憶測, 時代遅れの April 1884,* he regretted that the hurried nature of the 調査する made a systematic examination for gold impossible, but he considered it 極端に likely that that part of the 地区 占領するd by the metamorphic 激しく揺する would 結局 証明する to be, in some degree at least, auriferous. He recommended that a 徹底的な search be made in the country between the Napier 範囲 and 開始する Broome, on the Lennard and Richenda Rivers, 特に about ten or twelve miles up, where the 予定する country 開始するd. He 明言する／公表するd that he had 観察するd continuous （危険などに）さらすs of metamorphic 激しく揺するs and 非常に／多数の quartz veins, 変化させるing in width and 明らかに 耐えるing north-west.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1884 Paper Number 31.)
The 調査する of 1884 passed through the Ord River country, and Mr. Hardman was 特に careful to 診察する it, as repeated 発見s of 罰金 alluvial gold had been made by 植民／開拓者s along the course of the river. His 報告（する）／憶測* was more 希望に満ちた than before, and, curiously enough, though he never 安全な・保証するd 十分な gold to cover a threepenny piece, the places pointed out by him as probably gold-耐えるing were afterwards 証明するd by practical 鉱夫s. The gravel along the bed of the Ord, Elvire, and Panton Rivers 産する／生じるd good prospects wherever 実験（する）d, and the granite 激しく揺するs stretching for many miles from the McClintock 範囲s were intersected with quartz veins in which gold was here and there 明白な. He 設立する that it was possible to 安全な・保証する 指示，表示する物s over a distance of nearly 150 miles.
(*Footnote. Ibid 1885 Paper Number 34.)
Mr. Hardman's 報告（する）／憶測--the first from a competent 当局--led to 準備s for a prospecting party. By 決意／決議 of the 法律を制定する 会議,* the horses of the Kimberley 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊 were lent, and the party, most of whom were experienced 鉱夫s from the eastern 植民地s, left Yeeda 駅／配置する at the end of August 1885 for the locality 指名するd by Mr. Hardman. に引き続いて the Panton River to its junction with the Elvire, they prospected in the neighbourhood for some days, and 後継するd in collecting about 10 ounces of gold. They then tried the Margaret, Ord, and Panton Rivers, finding 指示，表示する物s everywhere, but were compelled to leave the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す through 欠如（する） of 準備／条項s and make for Derby, some 400 miles away.** Their （人命などを）奪う，主張する to be regarded as the discoverers of the Kimberley goldfield was, however, 論争d by Mr. Carr-Boyd, an explorer, who 事前の to their advent had sent a 小包 of 石／投石する from the 地区 to Melbourne to be 扱う／治療するd. In any 事例／患者 the finding of the gold was a much more important 事柄 to Western Australia than the question of who 設立する it. The success of the prospectors was quickly noised abroad, and other parties followed in their wake. The 報告（する）／憶測s which from time to time were received from these roused general excitement throughout Australia, and in 1886 the Kimberley 急ぐ 始める，決める in.*** Men （機の）カム from the eastern 植民地s to try their luck, and most of them were, at any 率, rewarded by the sight of gold. By April 1886, 400 ounces had been received at Derby, and soon after Carlisle and party arrived with 56 ounces, Keelan with 24, and others with smaller 量s. In May the Kimberley goldfield was 布告するd,**** and by June it was 概算の that between 200 and 300 鉱夫s were scattered over the area embraced within its 境界s. Derby 存在 somewhat distant from the field, a new port--Wyndham--was 設立するd at Cambridge 湾 in September,***** and the 政府 公式の／役人s 駅／配置するd there.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 10 pages 195 and 197.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1885 pages 449 and 450.)
(***Footnote. The 主要な／長／主犯 sources of 当局 for the history of the 開発 of the goldfields are the newspapers of the day from the beginning of 1886 onwards, the 長，指導者 papers 協議するd 存在 the West Australian, the Inquirer, and, later, the Kalgoorlie 鉱夫 and the Coolgardie 鉱夫. Where other 当局 are used, special 言及／関連s are given. See also Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 part 9.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 19 May 1886 page 308.)
(*****Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 102.)
At the 開始 of the 法律を制定する 会議 in June, 知事 Broome 報告（する）／憶測d with satisfaction "the 発見 of an 広範囲にわたる goldfield of rich 約束" in the Kimberley 地区, and advised that an 行為／法令／行動する to 支配（する）／統制する it be at once passed.* This was assented to in August,** and 供給するd that 鉱夫s' 権利s should be 問題／発行するd on 支払い（額） of 1 続けざまに猛撃する per year, but that no 権利 be 問題／発行するd to an Asiatic or African 外国人 during the first five years after the 布告／宣言 of any goldfield. 強固にする／合併する／制圧するd 鉱夫s' 権利s could be 得るd by companies on the basis of the number of individual 権利s under which the （人命などを）奪う，主張するs were first taken 所有／入手 of. 賃貸し（する）s could be 認めるd for twenty-one years at a 賃貸しの of 20 shillings per acre, and could be 降伏するd with the 同意 of the Warden 供給するd the 条件s had been carried out up to the time of 降伏する. 商売／仕事 and residual licences could be 安全な・保証するd at a 賃貸しの of 4 続けざまに猛撃するs per year for ten years, and these could be transferred on 支払い（額） of 5 shillings. No 賃貸し（する） could be for more than twenty-five acres or be 認めるd until two years after the field had been 布告するd. Any 部分 of 栄冠を与える lands could be 布告するd a goldfield by the 知事, and pastoral 賃貸し（する）s 存在するing over it 一時停止するd or cancelled. The 行政 of the 行為／法令／行動する was carried out by a Warden, who had the general 力／強力にするs of 司法（官）s in Petty 開会／開廷／会期s. The 知事 in 会議 would reward 発見s of a goldfield with a sum not 越えるing 1000 続けざまに猛撃するs. A few days later an 輸出（する） 義務 of 2 shillings and 6 pence per ounce was 課すd.***
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 11 page 4.)
(**Footnote. 50 Victoria Number 18; Western Australian 政府 Gazette 14 December 1886 規則s.)
(***Footnote. 50 Victoria Number 21.)
Before the end of 1886 the excitement in Western Australia, and, indeed, throughout Australia 一般に, was 激しい. Nearly 2000 men were at work in the 地区, and the 政府 was busily 占領するd in 供給するing proper means of communication. Derby and Wyndham were both used as 上陸 ports, and became for the time 存在 busy and 繁栄する centres. Late in the year Mr. C.D. Price was 任命するd Warden, and 報告（する）／憶測d* that when he arrived at McPhee's Gully, four miles from the point where cart traffic from Derby stopped, he 設立する numbers of men （軍の）野営地，陣営d, some of them 用意が出来ている to give the field a 裁判，公判, but more about to return to Derby or Wyndham, disappointed and disheartened. Crossing over to Elvire gorge, the terminus of the Wyndham road, he 設立する men scattered all over the area, but congregated 主として at Hall's Creek, the Twelve-Mile （軍の）野営地，陣営, Elvire Gorge, and the 隣人ing gullies. He was not pleased with the prospects of the field. There was no alluvium, no lead; the usual practice was to 捨てる the surface of the ravines and 実験（する） the 国／地域 by 乾燥した，日照りの-blowing, or to 捜し出す for 穀物s in the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業s of the creeks. The 普通の／平均（する） result was about a pennyweight a day; occasionally more was 設立する in 孤立するd pockets, but the 大多数 of the men barely 安全な・保証するd enough to keep 団体／死体 and soul together. They stayed 単に in the hope that the 雨の season would bring about an 改良. Finding that it did not, their only 願望（する） was to get away. Mr. Price 報告（する）／憶測d that the loss of 価値のある 所有物／資産／財産 was very 広大な／多数の／重要な--expensive outfits were sacrificed to enable the owners to leave, horses were sold for one-fourth of their value, and in many 事例／患者s wagons and carts were abandoned. New arrivals were discouraged from the 手始め, and many of them never 投機・賭けるd さらに先に than the end of the cart 跡をつけるs. So 逆の were the 報告（する）／憶測s that met them that they had only one 願望（する）--to get rid of their impedimenta at whatever price was 申し込む／申し出d and leave the country in disgust. Mr. Price intimated that the 普通の／平均（する） cost of outfit was at least 100 続けざまに猛撃するs per man, and that very few took that 量 away in gold.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1887 Paper A19 年次の 報告（する）／憶測 on the Kimberley Goldfield.)
Notwithstanding Mr. Price's 暗い／優うつな 報告（する）／憶測, a 確かな 量 of gold was 安全な・保証するd. The 量 輸出（する）d in 1886 was 302 ounces, valued at 1147 続けざまに猛撃するs,* but this does not by any means 代表する the whole 生産（高）. The 鉱夫s 反対するd to the 輸出（する） 義務 of 2 shillings and 6 pence per ounce, and whenever possible got out of the country without 宣言するing their gold. In fact the 義務 had returned so little (30 続けざまに猛撃するs) by the end of June 1887 that the 立法機関 decided to 廃止する it.**
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 12 pages 54, 126 and 141.)
早期に in 1887 it was evident to Mr. Price that the field would not realise the 期待s formed of it. By February there were only about 600 men remaining, and these were congregated 主として at Twelve-mile （軍の）野営地，陣営 and Brockman's River. In the latter place water was difficult to procure; for 国内の 目的s it had to be carried about seven miles, and the fact that two or three hundred men were 用意が出来ている to walk that distance for it every day led him to believe that they were, at any 率, 安全な・保証するing payable results, but he was unable to get any reliable （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）. After the December rains rich patches were occasionally discovered, and of course led to those 急ぐs to the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す on the part of いっそう少なく fortunate diggers in other places, which are so ありふれた a feature of 採掘 （軍の）野営地，陣営s. The heaviest pieces of metal were 設立する on the Panton River, the coarsest on the Brockman, and the finest 近づく 開始する Dockrell toward the south-west. The prospects of alluvial 採掘 were not, however, in themselves 十分な to keep the men on the field. The real 誘導 was the 存在 of quartz outcrops giving fair 指示，表示する物s of gold.* These encouraged the prospectors to continue the search. The first 暗礁 to be opened up was the Jackson, at Hall's Creek, on the Elvire, in September 1886. Gold was then 得るd from the Lady Broome, Lady Margaret, and Brockman 暗礁s, and in places 十分な of the metal to 支払う／賃金 expenses was 安全な・保証するd by dollying the surface 石／投石する. But the 鉱石 did not 改善する with depth. The Jackson 暗礁 was traced for a かなりの distance, and showed gold all along the way. Two 暗礁s north of the Panton were 実験（する）d, rich leaders were discovered at 開始する Dockrell, Spear Gully, and at Two-mile Gully, east of McPhee Gully. From the last-指名するd 130 ounces of gold were quickly 得るd. Mr. Carr-Boyd took 11 hundred 負わせる of quartz from the Jackson 暗礁 to Melbourne for 治療, and 報告（する）／憶測d that it 産する／生じるd 43 ounces to the トン. By the middle of June 1887, thirty-four quartz （人命などを）奪う，主張するs had been 登録（する）d--twenty at H all's Creek, four at Brockman River, five at 開始する Dockrell, and five at Panton River, the number of men 雇うd 存在 147.** It was 設立する that the 賃貸し（する）ing 条項s of the Goldfields 行為／法令／行動する were very unfavourable to quartz 採掘, as no 賃貸し（する） could be procured until two years after the 布告／宣言 of the field. The 政府 geologist, Mr. Hardman, 堅固に advised that the 条項 should be 廃止するd. Mr. Price, to whom the suggestion was referred, just as 堅固に …に反対するd it. The 反対する of the 条項, he pointed out, was to 妨げる large areas of untried grounds, which might 持続する numbers of individual 鉱夫s, 存在 taken up by 相場師s who had no 意向 of working them, but whose only 反対する was to float 偽の companies. As an instance he 引用するd the Northern 領土 of South Australia: "There, with 平等に stringent 規則s, hundreds of acres are locked up, and have been for years; not a man at work, and 高くつく／犠牲の大きい 機械／機構 utterly destroyed through neglect."*** All this, he considered, was 予定 to the fact that 賃貸し（する）s were 認めるd when the field was first discovered. Notwithstanding this 逆の 見解（をとる）, the 行為／法令／行動する was 修正するd in 1888 so as to 許す 賃貸し（する）s to be 認めるd すぐに.****
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1887 Paper A19 年次の 報告（する）／憶測 on Kimberley Goldfield.)
(**Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1887 Paper A19 年次の 報告（する）／憶測 on Kimberley Goldfield.)
(***Footnote. Ibid Paper A17.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 13 pages 147 to 150.)
As usually happens in new 採掘 解決／入植地s, where men are 意図 upon the one 反対する, the finding of gold, the men at Kimberley 苦しむd 大いに from want of proper sanitary 警戒s and from scarcity of 準備／条項s. 無視（する） of 衛生設備 in an area so 井戸／弁護士席 within the tropics brought in its train fever and ague, scurvy and dysentery, 病気s that were 増加するd in severity by want of proper nursing and nourishment, and the mere fact that so many stayed there is 証拠 either that they were making more than a competency or were 堅固に inoculated with the ウイルス of perseverance. The prospects certainly 改善するd during 1887. Good alluvial gold was discovered in さまざまな places and small nuggets occasionally brought to light. One party 伝えるd over 1500 ounces to Derby in one trip. Companies were formed to work the quartz 地雷s, and 機械／機構 for one of them--the Nicholas, on the Margaret 暗礁--reached Hall's Creek in November. The Lady Carrington 地雷 was 購入（する）d by a London 企業連合（する）, conditionally upon the first 鎮圧するing 産する／生じるing 2 ounces to the トン--not usually a difficult 条件 to fulfil. Other 地雷s were also 首尾よく floated, and a belief in the permanence of the field began to arise. The 公式の／役人 returns show that 4873 ounces, valued at 18,517 続けざまに猛撃するs,* were entered at the Customs for 輸出（する） during the year.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
開発s were continued in 1888, and at the same time the search for alluvial gold was carried on. The returns were not so large as for 1887, the total 存在 3493 ounces, valued at 13,273 続けざまに猛撃するs,* not やめる all of which （機の）カム from Kimberley. その上の 拡張s of 工場／植物 in the way of 殴打／砲列s and so 前へ／外へ were made during 1889 and 1890, but it became evident that the cost of raising the 鉱石 and 扱う／治療するing it was greater than the value of gold 安全な・保証するd. The returns show that in 1889 the 地区 産する／生じるd 2464 ounces, and 4474 in 1890,** but by the end of that year the Golden 栄冠を与える was the only 地雷 支払う／賃金ing expenses, and most of the others were shut 負かす／撃墜する. Though gold had been 証明するd to 存在する both in 暗礁s and as alluvial, the want of 資本／首都 and the cost and difficulties of 輸送 made it impossible to work the field on a large 規模 at a 利益（をあげる）. Doubtless when these 障害s can be 打ち勝つ, attention will once more be directed to the 地区, with better prospects of success. After 1890 the 全住民 of the field dwindled to about 300. These eke out a living more or いっそう少なく comfortably in searching for alluvial, or in the hope of 安全な・保証するing a 政府 特別手当 are 実験（する）ing the old 暗礁s from which rich 石／投石する was 以前は 得るd. But though the Kimberley field, from which so much was 推定する／予想するd, must be regarded as a comparative 失敗, it served an excellent 目的 in directing attention to the fact that gold DID 存在する in Western Australia, and that there was every 推論する／理由 to 推定する／予想する that the country would 井戸／弁護士席 返す examination by those whose experience and ability fitted them for the 仕事. This impression was 強化するd by an 出来事/事件 that happened in 1887. In that year Mr. Charles Glass of Mugakine,*** while digging a 戦車／タンク on his 所有物／資産／財産, 据えるd about 100 miles east of Newcastle, 設立する a large speck of metal which on examination 証明するd to be gold. This, 連合させるd with the fact that from time to time 指示，表示する物s of gold had been 報告（する）／憶測d from the country east of Northam, led to 提案s to 用意する a prospecti ng party to 実験（する） the 地区. At the instance of Mr. (afterwards Sir) George Shenton, the 法律を制定する 会議 投票（する）d 300 続けざまに猛撃するs toward such a 事業／計画（する）,**** and with this 援助 the 植民／開拓者s' 協会 of the eastern 地区s fitted out a party under the leadership of Mr. B.N. Colreavy. Colreavy worked over all the country between Newcastle and the Yilgarn Hills, a distance of some 200 miles, but his 労働s were 事実上 fruitless, though he was so much impressed with the 外見 of the country that he すぐに 始める，決める out on a trip on his own account. While Colreavy was out on his second trip, やめる a sensation was 原因（となる）d by the return of Mr. H. Anstey from Yilgarn with some rich 見本／標本s of quartz. Mr. Anstey, on に代わって of a 企業連合（する）, had gone out in the same direction as Colreavy, and had discovered an outcrop at Lake Deborah, from which a member of the party 指名するd 苦痛 had broken off the first 見本／標本. Anstey returned to Perth with the 石／投石する, while the 残り／休憩（する） of the party remained, and in course of prospecting 設立する four other 暗礁s, one of which was traced for 1200 yards. Another party, under Mr. Seabrook, also discovered quartz 暗礁s in the same neighbourhood, and some excellent 見本／標本s were 得るd by Mr. 出身の Bibra. Unfortunately it was 設立する that Anstey's 暗礁, though good at surface, soon pinched out and showed no 指示，表示する物 of gold upon 沈むing a 軸. This happened just about the time that Colreavy, who was prospecting at Golden Valley some 30 miles to the south, discovered a 暗礁 that carried gold throughout, and Mr. W.J. Parker, some 40 miles さらに先に south again, discovered good 指示，表示する物s at a place which he called Parker 範囲. This 原因（となる）d a 穏やかな 急ぐ, with the result that さまざまな new 暗礁s were struck to the south and east by Riseley and others--代表するing the 不死鳥／絶品 Company--who 指名するd their 主要な／長／主犯 find, some 30 miles east of Golden Valley, Southern Cross, by 推論する／理由 of the fact that they had used the 星座 as a guide when travelling by night.
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 地質学の 調査する 公式発表 Number 16 Perth 1904 page 17.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 894.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 12 page 161.)
In February 1888 Mr. H.P. Woodward, F.G.S, who had been 任命するd 政府 geologist in succession to Mr. E.T. Hardman (who died in 1886) visited the fields and 報告（する）／憶測d* very favourably upon their prospects. The 政府 at a later date awarded Mr. Anstey 500 続けざまに猛撃するs, and Messrs. Colreavy and partner 250 続けざまに猛撃するs each, as rewards for the 発見 of the Yilgarn goldfield.
(*Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1887/8 Number 7.)
The 長，指導者 difficulty that 直面するd the prospectors was want of water. To surmount this the 政府 spent 1000 続けざまに猛撃するs on water 自然保護 during 1888, and on 1 October of that year 布告するd the 地区 as a goldfield.* Mr. A.F. Thompson was 任命するd Warden (存在 すぐに afterwards 後継するd by Mr. J.M. Finnerty) and Mr. A.E.F. Compton, 採掘 Registrar. Very little 開発 took place until the に引き続いて year, and then not so much around Golden Valley as in the neighbourhood of the newly-discovered Southern Cross. Here true lodes, 持つ／拘留するing rich quartz, were 設立する, and companies to work them formed in Perth and Fremantle, and in Adelaide. The Central, Central 延長するd, Fraser's, and Fraser's South 採掘 Companies were floated and 機械／機構 ordered. Condensers for 供給（する）ing fresh water were 築くd, 蓄える／店s 始める，決める up, and the beginnings of a 採掘 郡区 followed quickly. The 政府 geologist, 納得させるd that the 地区 would 証明する 生産力のある, 支持するd the building of a 鉄道. The activity abated toward the middle of the year, as from want of 機械／機構 no returns had been 安全な・保証するd by the companies. Mills were started at the Central and Fraser's toward the の近くに of 1889, and after some difficulty the pure gold was separated from the 黒人／ボイコット, muddy amalgam 原因（となる）d by the 活動／戦闘 of the saltwater on the 辞退する from the 機械／機構. The results gave 信用／信任 in the prospects of the 地区, and, 連合させるd with continual new 発見s of quartz, brought about an 空気／公表する of permanence, though the unpleasant nature of the 気候 and the uncomfortable 条件s under which work had to be done led the 政府 to 認める 控除 to the 地雷s during the heat of summer. As an instance of the 原始の 条件s 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるing, it may be について言及するd that the courthouse was a bush structure and that the Warden dispensed 司法（官） while sitting on a gin-事例／患者, a candle-box 存在 供給するd for his clerk. During the year seventy-one 賃貸し（する）s, 代表するing 684 acres, were 適用するd for; two （人命などを）奪う，主張するs and eighteen 保護 areas were 占領するd; and nineteen 商売／仕事 licences and 394 鉱夫s' 権利s 問題／発行するd. The 生産（高） of the field for 1889 was 1858 ounces.** A 決裂／故障 of the 機械／機構 at Fraser's 地雷 during the 早期に part of 1890 had a 傾向 to 少なくなる public 信用／信任 in the prospects 一般に, but the 宣言 of a （株主への）配当--the first on the field--of 6 pence a 株 in the に引き続いて November did much to 回復する it. The Commissioner of 栄冠を与える Lands visited the 地区 in June, and was met with やめる a number of requests, most of which, 存在 impressed with the 可能性s of the locality, he recommended, but they were not carried out at the time 借りがあるing to 憲法の changes 存在 切迫した. The 量 of gold 輸出（する）d from Yilgarn in 1890 was 2277 ounces, valued at 8652 続けざまに猛撃するs.***
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1888 page 585.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 地質学の 調査する 公式発表 Number 16 page 34.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
Yilgarn did not, however, show such encouraging results as another gold-producing area discovered about the same time. In 1888 a lad 指名するd Withnall, at Mallina, some 70 miles east of Roebourne, 設立する a speck of gold in a 石／投石する he was about to throw at a bird. The Kimberley excitement having made everyone 警報, the 地区 was prospected, and two 約束ing 暗礁s--the Mallina and the Pedawah--were discovered, and すぐに afterwards several others were 設立する. In July a rich alluvial find was made at Pilbara Creek and a large 量 of gold 安全な・保証するd in a very short time. Several nuggets of from 30 to 40 ounces each were 明らかにするd, and in November Mr. A. Villars 安全な・保証するd one 重さを計るing 127 ounces. The Pilbara goldfield* was 布告するd on the same day as the Yilgarn--1 October 1888--and Mr. C.W. Nyulasy 任命するd Warden until June 1889, when Mr. W.L. Owen took up the position. The 発見 of rich alluvial at points scattered throughout the 地区 原因（となる）d やめる a 急ぐ during 1889, the excitement 延長するing beyond the 限定するs of the 植民地. 企業連合（する）s were formed in Melbourne and other centres to work the 地雷s at Pilbara and Mallina, and prospectors were soon scattered over the whole field. The 長，指導者 centre of the goldfields was called Marble 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業, from the fact that at the place where it was 築くd a 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 of mottled quartz, believed at first to be marble, crossed the Shaw River. Most of the 鉱夫s were to be 設立する where alluvial gold was richest. 早期に in the year a party of prospectors discovered good alluvial diggings on the Oakover, from which some hundreds of ounces of gold were gathered in a very short time. At Nullagine many alluvial （人命などを）奪う，主張するs were returning handsome 産する／生じるs. In August a new field was discovered eleven miles east of Roebourne by a Chinaman, and 指名するd the Nickol field. It was only of small area, and 存在 近づく the sea was covered with water at high tide. No 広大な／多数の／重要な results were 得るd from it.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1888 page 585.)
In the same year gold was 設立する 近づく Lake Austin on the Murchison, and also on the Ashburton, but no results were 安全な・保証するd 十分な to 正当化する any excitement. Gold was also taken from the 地区 south of Cuddingwarra, and 見本／標本s were 得るd from the Wongan Hills, some 60 miles north-east of Newcastle, but during 1889 and 1890 the 主要な／長／主犯 産する／生じるs （機の）カム from Pilbara. In 1889, out of a total 輸出（する） of 15,492 ounces, 11,170 （機の）カム from that field, and in 1890, out of 22,806 ounces, it accounted for 16,055.*
(*Footnote. Western Australian 地質学の 調査する 公式発表 Number 16 page 19 and 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
Another 商業の metal--tin--was also discovered in 1888, 借りがあるing probably to 研究s made by Mr. E.T. Hardman some years earlier. On one occasion, when engaged 公式に in the Blackwood 地区, he was …を伴ってd by Mr. Stinton, to whom he 示唆するd the probable occurrence of tin-耐えるing deposits. Having this in mind, Mr. Stinton in 1888, while out kangaroo 追跡（する）ing at Greenbushes, 設立する a small 量 of stream tin in a gully 近づく the Blackwood River, just off the main road, and about nine miles from Bridgetown. Several 賃貸し（する）s were taken up, but as the 採掘 規則s did not at the time 含む／封じ込める any 労働 条項s, very little work was done. In 1891 Mr. Stinton's 発見 was rewarded by a 認める of 250 続けざまに猛撃するs from the 政府.
We now turn to the last 段階 of the long-drawn-out struggle for responsible 政府.* It will be remembered that in 1882 Mr. Parker asked that the 知事 should 得る from the 国務長官 限定された （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） as to the 条件 and 条件s upon which 自治 would be 認めるd. Feeling 納得させるd that the 財政／金融s of the 植民地 令状d the step, he did not wait for a reply, but in 1883 moved in the 会議 "that the time has arrived when it is 望ましい that the 植民地 of Western Australia should 可決する・採択する a system of responsible 政府."** The 動議 伸び（る）d かなりの support, おもに because there was an impression that the 政府 was 持つ／拘留するing 支援する 基金s that せねばならない be spent in さまざまな 作品 of 開発. It was, however, 敗北・負かすd by an 改正 提案するd by Mr. 物陰／風下 Steere*** to the 影響 that having asked for the opinion of the 国務長官 no 限定された steps せねばならない be taken until a reply had been received.
(*Footnote. The さまざまな 派遣（する）s and communications regarding responsible 政府 in Western Australia will be 設立する printed in the 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 between 1883 and 1890 and also in 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain 議会の Papers Cd. Number 5743, 5762, 5919 and ありふれたs Paper Number 120 1890.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 8 page 282.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 296.)
The then 長官 for the 植民地s (Lord Derby) appears to have been disinclined to commit the 皇室の 当局 to any 決定的な course of 活動／戦闘. So far from encouraging the idea of 自治, he seems to have thought it his 義務 to stand in the way. In his reply* he followed the line of Lord Kimberley, and pointed out the difficulty of 治めるing the northern and southern parts of the 植民地 together, inferring that this could be more satisfactorily done if Western Australia remained a 栄冠を与える 植民地. After pointing out that the 分離 of Queensland from New South むちの跡s became 避けられない long before its 地区s in the latitude of Kimberley had been 占領するd, and that most probably the same would occur between the northern and southern 部分s of Western Australia almost すぐに after responsible 政府 had been 認めるd, Lord Derby proceeded:
"I am therefore not 性質の／したい気がして to 心配する that the request for responsible 政府 will be 圧力（をかける）d at this time, or that, if 勧めるd by the 居住（者）s in the southern part of the 植民地, it would be 平等に 許容できる to those who are now developing the 熱帯の 地区s in the belief that their 利益／興味s are 保護するd by the 栄冠を与える. And while I am of opinion that under responsible 政府 the 支配（する）／統制する of the 栄冠を与える lands 一般に would have to be vested in the 植民地の 議会, it appears to me, as at 現在の advised, that it would be necessary to make an exception in 尊敬（する）・点 of those northern 栄冠を与える lands which would be likely to form a separate 植民地 at an 早期に date. With a 見解（をとる） to 会合，会う a contingency (which, however, I hope may not arise for a かなりの time, as there appears to be no 推論する／理由 why the 植民地 should not continue to 栄える for a その上の period under its 現在の form of 政府) I think it 望ましい that a separate account should be kept of the 歳入 raised and expended in each 地区 of the 植民地; and it will also have to be considered whether, in any 未来 法案, it must not be 宣言するd that the lands and 歳入s of the Kimberley and some other 部分s of the northern 地区s will not form part of the 安全 for the 貸付金."**
(*Footnote. Lord Derby to Broome 23 July 1883.)
(**Footnote. Lord Derby to Broome 23 July 1883.)
The 派遣（する） 結論するd by requesting that a 十分な 声明 of the 条件s of the 植民地, with exhaustive （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs and 財政上の returns, should be 今後d by the 知事 to the 植民地の Office, in order that if the 需要・要求する was 固執するd in, the 皇室の 当局 might be in 所有／入手 of all possible （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）.
As the 植民地の Office, almost from the inception of the 植民地, had been looked upon by the 植民／開拓者s as the 長，指導者 障害 in the way of 進歩, this 派遣（する）, which was not only 目的（とする）d at discouraging the 願望（する）s of the colonists, but seemed to 含む／封じ込める a 隠すd 脅し as to what would happen if the agitation were continued, had the almost 即座の 影響 of 刺激するing public 利益／興味 in the question. Many of those who had been more or いっそう少なく apathetic awoke to an active 利益／興味 in the 状況／情勢. 知事 Broome 収集するd the 報告（する）／憶測 asked for, giving not only （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs and other necessary data, but a （疑いを）晴らす 表現 of his own opinion.
"Though I see no valid 推論する／理由," he wrote,* "for 保留するing 解放する／自由な 会・原則s from the 植民地 after its inhabitants shall have 表明するd a general and decided wish to take upon themselves the 重荷（を負わせる） and the 責任／義務 of that form of 政府, I am 堅固に of the opinion that until such a wish shall have been 表明するd, which certainly it has not been as yet, it would be a mistake to make this 広大な／多数の／重要な and irretrievable change. その上に, while I 譲歩する that the 植民地 has reached a 行う／開催する／段階 at which a （人命などを）奪う，主張する to its birthright, if deliberately 主張するd upon, should not be 辞退するd, I にもかかわらず think that Western Australia would do 井戸／弁護士席 to 延期する its 大多数 for a time, until its wealth and 全住民 shall have still その上の 増加するd, and until (what is hardly the 事例／患者 as yet) the community 含む／封じ込めるs within itself a good ballast 負わせる of public opinion, and a 十分な complement of qualified public men to 治める／統治する on the party system. By qualified public men I mean not only men of ability and capacity for public 事件／事情／状勢s (for these already 存在する in 十分な 割合) but men in whom good social standing is joined to means and leisure 十分な to 許す them to 充てる themselves to political 商売／仕事. It is in this 尊敬（する）・点 a 欠陥／不足 would, I think, be felt. But the 欠陥／不足 is not so serious as to be 絶対 prohibitive. With 尊敬（する）・点 to the class of 政治家，政治屋s to whom the 事件／事情／状勢s of the 植民地 would be confided under responsible 政府, the 選挙区／有権者s at 現在の place in the 法律を制定する 会議 gentlemen who are の中で the most 主要な, most intelligent, and most public-spirited men of the 植民地, and who would be a credit to any community. There is no 推論する／理由 to suppose that the electors would 中止する to do this under responsible 政府."
(*Footnote. Broome to Lord Derby 9 April 1884.)
The 知事 then proceeded to advise that Her Majesty's 政府 should intimate that responsible 政府 would not be 辞退するd if a very decided and general wish for it should find utterance at the 選挙s, which must take place not later than "next year"*--a wish that had not so far been 表明するd--but 結論するd by pointing out that he did not consider a change necessary or 望ましい so long as 代表者／国会議員 政府 gave reasonable satisfaction.
(*Footnote. Broome to Lord Derby 9 April 1884.)
知事 Broome's 見積（る） of the 存在するing 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s was both 正確な and impartial; there was not at that time any 決定的な public 願望（する） for 自治, but his 報告（する）／憶測 and the reply of Lord Derby to it went a long way に向かって creating one. In this reply, which was vague, 不明確な／無期限の, and unsatisfactory, the 国務長官 wrote:*
"I am not 用意が出来ている at 現在の to authorise you to 発表する that responsible 政府 could be 認めるd, if at the 総選挙 of next year there should be a strong 表現 of opinion in favour of the change; because, as I pointed out in my 派遣（する） of last year, there are important political and 財政上の questions which would have to be satisfactorily settled before any such steps could be taken, and I 自白する that I 心配する かなりの difficulty in 取引，協定ing with some of those questions. If, however, the electors should 宣言する themselves very 一般に and decisively in favour of a change in the 憲法, having had before them the considerations explained in my 派遣（する） of 23 July 1883 (regarding the possible 分離 of the northern 部分 of the 植民地) Her Majesty's 政府 would not 辞退する to 診察する the 詳細（に述べる）s of the 手はず／準備 which it would be necessary to make if responsible 政府 should be introduced; but, without 十分な and careful 調査, they would not be 用意が出来ている to give any 限定された 保証／確信 that the introduction of responsible 政府 is now practicable."
(*Footnote. Lord Derby to Broome 14 July 1884.)
Few 言及／関連s were made to the 支配する during the 1884 開会／開廷／会期 of the 法律を制定する 会議, which was held before the 領収書 of the foregoing 派遣（する）. The opinions that were 発言する／表明するd were おもに from 対抗者s, and were designed really to raise the bogey of possible 分離 of the northern 地区s if the agitation for 自治 were continued. At no time does there seem to have been any 願望（する） evinced by the 植民／開拓者s in those 地区s, but the fact that the 国務長官's 派遣（する）s hinted at the 可能性 was 十分な for the 対抗者s of responsible 政府 to use it as an argument. To 強化する their 事例／患者 they 引用するd the 不満 that 存在するd over the land 規則s, the small 量 of public money spent in the Kimberley and Gascoyne 地区s, and the useless way in which the money that was 投票（する）d was expended. The discussion was, however, 純粋に academic; the 植民／開拓者s in the north took no 利益／興味 in it, and it must be 認める that at that time, at any 率, it had no practical 耐えるing on the question of 自治. All that the northern 植民／開拓者s 手配中の，お尋ね者 was better 代表 in the 存在するing 立法機関, and this they 安全な・保証するd in 1886, when the Kimberley 選挙民 was formed, of which Mr. Alexander Forrest was the first elected 代表者／国会議員, Mr. D.K. Congdon 存在 at the same time 指名するd to a seat in the 会議.
The 選挙s referred to in 知事 Broome's 派遣（する） were held in October and November 1884. The 願望（する） for responsible 政府 was made as far as possible a 実験（する） question, but the results were not markedly in favour of any change. In the absence of any 限定された 委任統治（領） from the people, no pronounced movement was made by the 会議 in 1885. 確かな （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） as to the 条件 under which Queensland and Victoria were separated from New South むちの跡s was 得るd, and questions 耐えるing upon the possible 分離 of the northern 地区s were asked,* but beyond that the agitation was 許すd to slumber. Before the 会議 met in 1886, 確かな changes had taken place in its 職員／兵員, which had probably some 影響 in making the 需要・要求する for 自治 more insistent. Sir Luke 漏れる, who had been （衆議院の）議長 ever since the introduction of 代表者／国会議員 政府, died in London, and Mr. J.G. 物陰／風下 Steere was elected to the position. Dr. E. Scott was elected to 代表する Perth in the place of the 死んだ knight, and about the same time Mr. Maitland Brown and Mr. Septimus Burt gave place to Mr. R.F. Sholl and Captain T. Fawcett. The 弁護士／代理人／検事-General (Mr. A.P. Hensman) 辞職するd his office 早期に in the year 借りがあるing to a serious 不一致 with the 知事, who 正式に interdicted him from 演習ing the 機能（する）／行事s of his position. As usually happened when Sir Frederick Broome 演習d the 力／強力にする of interdict, the 植民地の Office cancelled it, but Mr. Hensman did not again （問題を）取り上げる the 弁護士／代理人／検事-Generalship. For a time it was held by Mr. S. Burt, and then by Mr. G.W. 漏れる until a new 弁護士／代理人／検事-General (Mr. C.N. Warton) arrived from England.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 10 pages 128 et seq.)
No 言及／関連 was made to the question of 自治 by the 知事 in his 開始 演説（する）／住所 to the 会議 in 1886, but later in the 開会／開廷／会期 a 動議 布告するing that the time had arrived when Western Australia should 可決する・採択する responsible 政府 was moved by Mr. H.W. Venn,* whose 見解（をとる）s seem to have been received with 際立った favour by the audience,** if not by the 会議. The 動議 was seconded by Dr. Scott and 堅固に supported by Captain Fawcett, both of whom were 納得させるd that by responsible 政府 alone could the 繁栄 of the 植民地 be 保証するd. Mr. Crowther …に反対するd the 動議 on the ground that seven-tenths of the people were averse to any change, and Mr. Charles Harper and Mr. George Shenton moved and seconded an 改正 to 延期する consideration till the に引き続いて 開会／開廷／会期, おもに on the old cry that the time was inopportune.*** Mr. Parker, the 定評のある leader of the movement, 反対するd to 延期, but in the end it was carried by eleven 投票（する）s to eight, the 公式の／役人 members, at the request of the 知事, 棄権するing from 投票（する）ing. The 投票（する） was probably 影響する／感情d by the fact that it was not moved by Mr. Parker, and was not regarded as the 公式の／役人 utterance of the party favourable to the change. The 推論する／理由 for this was that important alterations of the land 規則s were under consideration at the time, and it was felt that they せねばならない be 性質の／したい気がして of first as 存在 of more 圧力（をかける）ing necessity than 見込みのある alterations of the 憲法. The discussion had, however, one important result. It led the people to consider the question in all its bearings and to take an active 利益／興味 in it.
(*Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 11 pages 270 and 378 et seq.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 385.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 11 page 390.)
The 知事 communicated the 実体 of the 会議 審議 to the 国務長官, and 投機・賭けるd the opinion that from the 指示，表示する物s 利用できる the 支持するs for responsible 政府 appeared to be 伸び（る）ing ground.* The presumption of mere colonists in daring to 示唆する that they knew enough about their own 植民地 to 治める／統治する its 事件／事情／状勢s seems to have 怒り／怒るd the 植民地の Office, and the 国務長官 replied はっきりと, 繰り返し言うing the 声明 of his 前任者, "that if responsible 政府 were introduced it would not be practicable for Her Majesty's 政府 to 降伏する to a 議会 代表するing a small 全住民 principally 居住（者） in the southern 地区s the 支配（する）／統制する of all the 広大な 領土 now 含むd in Western Australia."** How that "広大な 領土" could be more satisfactorily controlled by one man 除去するd by thousands of miles from the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す, and 絶対 ignorant of 地元の 条件s and 必要物／必要条件s, he did not 試みる／企てる to explain.
(*Footnote. Broome to 長官 Stanhope 18 November 1886.)
(**Footnote. Sir H.T. Holland to Broome 4 February 1887.)
知事 Broome referred to this 派遣（する） at the 開始 of the 開会／開廷／会期 of 1887,* and gave it as his opinion that though he was not …に反対するd to responsible 政府, 分離 would be too 広大な／多数の／重要な a price to 支払う／賃金 for it, 特に if by waiting a year or two the 脅すd 分割 of the 植民地 could be 避けるd. At the same time he was 用意が出来ている, should the 会議 可決する・採択する an 演説（する）／住所 in favour of it, to 送信する／伝染させる such 演説（する）／住所 to the 国務長官 and request the 見解（をとる）s of the 皇室の 当局 on the 事柄. Upon the 領収書 of those 見解（をとる）s he would make them public and at once 解散させる the 立法機関 so that the 選挙区／有権者s might pronounce their judgment.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 12 page 3.)
In agreeing to 送信する／伝染させる an 演説（する）／住所, if 現在のd to him, Sir Frederick Broome had probably a 公正に／かなり good idea of what was likely to occur. On 24 June Mr. Parker 現在のd to the 会議 a 嘆願（書） from the 国民s of Perth* asking for responsible 政府, and on 6 July he followed up the 嘆願（書） by moving:
"That in the opinion of this 会議 the time has arrived when the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある should be made responsible to the 立法機関 of the 植民地; and that it is その上の the opinion of this 会議 that Western Australia should remain one and 分割されない under the new 憲法."**
(Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 12 page 8.)
(**Footnote. 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1887 page 34.)
A long and 利益／興味ing 審議* 続いて起こるd, in which every possible argument for and against seems to have been adduced; in the result the first 決意／決議 was carried by thirteen 投票（する）s to four, and the second on the 発言する／表明するs.** The 公式の／役人 members again 差し控えるd from 投票（する）ing, and Messrs. Shenton, Marmion, and Harper took the same course, as they were not 納得させるd that the time was 熟した.*** These 決意／決議s were then 具体的に表現するd in an 演説（する）／住所 and 今後d to the 知事, by whom they were 派遣（する）d to the 国務長官**** with a covering letter 堅固に supporting them, but advising that 適する 準備／条項 be made for the 保護 of the aborigines in the north, and that 力／強力にする be reserved, 独立して of the 地元の 立法機関, to 築く any 部分 of the 領土 into a separate 植民地 should 未来 events （判決などを）下す that course necessary. The 分離 question he discussed at some length, believing it to be (as, indeed, it subsequently became) a very important factor in the discussion. As to the 詳細（に述べる）s of the new 憲法, he 示唆するd a 法律を制定する 会議 of not いっそう少なく than fifteen members, and a 法律を制定する 議会 of thirty, the first 会議 to be 指名するd for a short 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 but to be elective afterwards. Questions of franchise ought, he considered, to be left to the 地元の 当局. Finally he asked for the earliest possible intimation of the 見解（をとる）s of the 皇室の 当局.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 12 pages 84 et seq.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 121.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
(****Footnote. Broome to Sir H.T. Holland 12 July 1887.)
Some fortnight later the 知事 今後d a second 派遣（する）,* 勧めるing that as a second 開会／開廷／会期 of the 会議 should be called in December to を取り引きする the 見積（る）s and the question of その上の 貸付金s, it was 絶対 necessary that the members should know the 意向s of the 皇室の 政府 on the question of possible 分離 of the northern 部分 of the 植民地. At the same time he 明言する／公表するd that he was engaged with the 弁護士／代理人／検事-General in 準備するing a 草案 法案 for a new 憲法 which would not, however, be submitted to the 会議 without the 国務長官's 同意. In August a cable was received from Sir Henry Holland to the 影響 that he was 用意が出来ている to 受託する both 決意／決議s of the 会議, with the 保留（地）／予約 of special 準備／条項s for the 保護 of natives and the 政府 of the north.** This was followed in September by a その上の cable 明言する／公表するing that 法律制定 for the next 開会／開廷／会期 was premature, and that nothing should be done until the 見解（をとる）s of the Home 政府 were known.***
(*Footnote. Broome to Sir H.T. Holland 28 July 1887.)
(**Footnote. 電報電信 Sir H.T. Holland to Broome 31 August 1887.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 17 September 1887.)
Up to the time the 会議 met in December these 見解（をとる）s had not been received, but a request for a その上の 貸付金 had been 辞退するd on the grounds that 憲法の changes were 差し迫った.* In a でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる of mind almost approaching disgust, the 会議 regretted that the 見解（をとる）s of the 皇室の 当局 had not been received, and requested that before it passed the 見積（る）s for 1888 it should be 知らせるd of the date upon which such 見解（をとる）s might be definitely 推定する／予想するd.**
(*Footnote. Sir H.T. Holland to Broome 18 October 1887.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 13 pages 56 to 60.)
The 派遣（する） replying to the 会議 決意／決議s of July 1887 was received in January 1888,* and was not at all 満足な to the colonists. Beyond 単に agreeing to the 原則 of responsible 政府 it did not 前進する the question a step, all the suggestions made with regard to 詳細（に述べる） 存在 vague and 十分な説得力のない. Sir Henry Holland 認める that 40,000 persons raising a 歳入 of 400,000 続けざまに猛撃するs should, if 限定するd within reasonable geographical 限界s, be みなすd 有能な of 治める／統治するing themselves, but demurred about 手渡すing over to that number of persons, mostly congregated in one corner of it, a 広大な 領土 有能な of 支えるing millions of people. 代表s had, he said, been made that the northern 地区s should not be placed under the 支配（する）／統制する of a 議会 elected by so small a 全住民, most of which was 居住（者） in the south. If some means could be 工夫するd by which the unalienated lands of the 辺ぴな 部分s could be 保存するd for the 利益 of 未来 inhabitants, it might be possible to 設立する responsible 政府 in Western Australia. He then 提案するd that the 植民地 should be divided into two 部分s by latitude 26 degrees, and that the 栄冠を与える lands of the northern part should remain under the 支配（する）／統制する of the 皇室の 政府, and the returns from sales be 投資するd to form a 基金 for the 利益 of any 植民地s that might in the 未来 be created out of the 地区s 関心d.
(*Footnote. Sir H.T. Holland to Broome 12 December 1887.)
A その上の 派遣（する）* was received in February 1888, 示唆するing that for the time 存在, at any 率, the 立法機関 should consist of a 選び出す／独身 議会, with 力／強力にする to create a second 議会 when the 全住民 reached, say 80,000. If two 議会s were considered necessary at the beginning, then the first Upper 議会 せねばならない consist of members 指名するd for a 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語, at the end of which the elective 原則 would operate. The Upper 議会 should not have 力／強力にする to を取り引きする Money 法案s. 保護 should be 保証するd to the natives by the 設立 of an Aborigines 保護 Board on the lines laid 負かす／撃墜する by the 知事.
(*Footnote. Sir H.T. Holland to Broome 3 January 1888.)
Responsible 政府 now became the 燃やすing question in Western Australian political life. On 21 March Mr. Hensman moved in the 会議 a 一連の 決意／決議s* setting out the 原則s which he thought should be 具体的に表現するd in the new 憲法. 簡潔に they were: that the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 should consist of the 知事 and five 大臣s of the 栄冠を与える; that the 議会 should consist of a 選び出す／独身 議会 of thirty members, to be called the 法律を制定する 議会, which should have 力／強力にする to create a second 議会 at a 未来 time if two-thirds of the members were in favour of so doing; that the 植民地 be divided into twenty-eight 選挙（人）の 地区s, each of which should return one member except Perth and Fremantle, which should be する権利を与えるd to two; that the 議会 should be elected for three years; and that the members should be paid actual expenses when sitting, but not more than 50 続けざまに猛撃するs in any one year.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 13 pages 212 to 213.)
After some discussion these were 延期，休会するd so as to 許す Mr. Parker to move a その上の series 取引，協定ing with the same 支配する. These, the consideration of which was entered upon on 23 March,* 供給するd that to 示す the possible 未来 境界 of a northern political subdivision was premature and open to serious 反対; that no statutory 保留（地）／予約 of northern 栄冠を与える lands was necessary, as 支配（する）／統制する of 法律制定 over such could be 演習d by the 王室の 拒否権; that in 見解（をとる） of the recently 改訂するd land 規則s any 協定 for 基金ing the proceeds of sales of northern lands was a needless 複雑化; that the 憲法 should 供給する for two 議会s from the beginning; that the second House should be elected by the people; that the two Houses should have equal 当局 in 法律制定; that 準備／条項 be made for 行き詰まるs; and that there was no necessity to place the 保護 of the aborigines under a 団体／死体 独立した・無所属 of the 植民地の 省. These 提案s were 審議d for some days and finally agreed to, those of Mr. Hensman 存在 孤立した.** The whole were thereupon 具体的に表現するd in an 演説（する）／住所 to the 知事 requesting that in 今後ing them to the 国務長官 he would point out the "extreme importance 大（公）使館員ing to an 早期に 解決／入植地 of this most important question."***
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 13 page 220.)
(**Footnote. Ibid pages 273 to 274.)
(***Footnote. Ibid. The 決意／決議s were 今後d in Broome to Lord Knutsford 14 April 1888.)
知事 Broome then, with the 援助 of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある, 適用するd himself to the 仕事 of 草案ing a 法案. In this he was not a little 妨害するd by the 国務長官, who had been raised to the peerage as Lord Knutsford. Lord Knutsford, recognising that the colonists were serious in their 需要・要求する for 自治, and having 認める the general 原則, entered upon a voluminous correspondence in regard to the 詳細（に述べる）s.* One of the difficulties to be 打ち勝つ was the 長官's strong 願望（する） for a 選び出す／独身 議会. This the 知事 rigorously …に反対するd. "There is nothing," he wrote, "so far as I know, within the 限界s of the British Empire that can be called a precedent for the 実験 of a 選び出す／独身 議会 in Western Australia, and I think such an 実験 十分な of danger. Much irremediable 害（を与える） might be done before the 憲法 could be changed. その上の, it is 井戸／弁護士席 known that there is nothing more difficult in politics than to 説得する a 代表者／国会議員 議会 that it should 降伏する 力／強力にする; and, whatever 権利s were reserved to Her Majesty in 会議, there might be かなりの difficulty in altering a 憲法 once 認めるd."** For these 推論する／理由s the 知事 固執するd to his 論争 that there should be two Houses, as in the other Australian 植民地s, and that both should be elected by the people. The 残りの人，物 of the 派遣（する） was 限定するd to a 声明 of the さまざまな 条項s of a 法案 which he had 草案d, with the 推論する／理由s which impelled him to 挿入する them. He 示唆するd a 500 続けざまに猛撃する 資格 for members and a Civil 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） 保留（地）／予約 of 9850 続けざまに猛撃するs; this would mean an 付加 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 on the 歳入 of 6910 続けざまに猛撃するs each year, 含むing the 年金s to those 公式の／役人s 奪うd of office by the passing of the 法案. The 準備／条項 for an Aborigines' 保護 Board was 挿入するd, and 5000 続けざまに猛撃するs 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する as the sum to be expended 毎年 upon the natives.
(*Footnote. See Lord Knutsford to Broome 14 July 1888 電報電信; 30 July and 31 August 1888.)
(**Footnote. Broome to Lord Knutsford 28 May 1888.)
The copy of the 法案 as 草案d by the 知事 was 今後d with the 派遣（する）. This the 国務長官 修正するd in さまざまな ways,* the 主要な／長／主犯 alteration 存在 to make the 会議 a 指名された人 議会, and to 挿入する a wider 力／強力にする to divide the 植民地 at any time into two or more 植民地s if such a course should be みなすd wise. The method of 手続き agreed upon with regard to the 法案 was that it was to be introduced into the 会議, and after the opinion of members had been 得るd the 会議 was to be 解散させるd and the 選挙区／有権者s given an 適切な時期 of pronouncing upon the 手段.** It was then to be considered by the new 会議, and if passed, transmitted for the 是認 of the 皇室の 議会.
(*Footnote. Lord Knutsford to Broome 30 July and 31 August 1888.)
(**Footnote. Broome to Lord Knutsford 13 October 1888 and Lord Knutsford to Broome 26 November 1888.)
The 法案 was 正式に introduced into the 会議 on 19 October 1888,* and the 審議 upon the second reading took place during the first week in November.** The 植民地の 長官, Sir Malcolm Fraser (knighted in 1887) moved its 受託, and incidentally drew attention to the fact that no 準備／条項 was made for a member to vacate his seat on 存在 任命するd a 大臣 of the 栄冠を与える.*** Strong 対立 to a 指名するd 参議院 was shown by Messrs. Parker**** and Hensman,****** and 平等に strong support given to the idea by Mr. John Forrest.****** Mr. Parker 示唆するd that the first 会議 should be 指名するd for a 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of six years, but that on the 満期 of that period it should become elective. The 準備／条項 for possible 未来 分離 of the 植民地 also evoked かなりの 逆の 批評, but in the end the 法案 passed its second reading by thirteen 投票（する）s to nine.*******
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 14 page 91.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 177 onwards and 218 onwards.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 179.)
(****Footnote. Ibid page 182.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid pages 196 to 197.)
(******Footnote. Ibid pages 189 to 190.)
(*******Footnote. Ibid page 234.)
In 一致 with the 協定 agreed upon, 知事 Broome prorogued the 会議 in the に引き続いて month, and すぐに afterwards it was 解散させるd in order that the 法案 might go before the people. In the 合間 Sir Frederick Broome had advised the 国務長官 of the 審議 which had taken place,* and 安全な・保証するd the 大臣's 是認** to an alteration in the 憲法 of the 法律を制定する 会議 so as to make it a 指名された人 団体／死体 for the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of six years after the 就任（式）／開始 or until the 全住民 reached 60,000. On the fulfilment of either of these 条件s the 会議 was to become elective.
(*Footnote. Broome to Lord Knutsford 6 November 1888.)
(**Footnote. Lord Knutsford to Broome 2 January 1889 電報電信.)
The 選挙s were held in January 1889, and 公表する／暴露するd a 決定的な 投票（する） in favour of responsible 政府. The 主要な／長／主犯 factor in bringing about this result was no 疑問 the 願望（する） of the people to 治める／統治する themselves, but it was 大いに 補助装置d by the 拒絶 of the 皇室の 当局 to 許可／制裁 貸付金s on the ground that 憲法の changes were 差し迫った.
The 開会／開廷／会期 opened on 13 March, and on the 18th the 憲法 法案 was again introduced and the second reading moved by Sir Malcolm Fraser. The 審議 that 続いて起こるd* was earnest in spirit and almost academic in character, 場内取引員／株価 the high-water level of Western Australian politics up to that time. Many of the 条項s of the 法案 which were to some degree repugnant to the colonists were 受託するd in order that as far as possible everything calculated to jeopardise the 手段 in its passage through the 皇室の 議会 might be 避けるd. Argument centred 主として 一連の会議、交渉／完成する three questions--the 支配（する）／統制する of the lands, the 選挙（人）の 資格s, and the Civil 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）, and these 段階s were ably discussed in 委員会. The land 条項s in the 法案 were vague, and did not 現実に give the 立法機関 the 支配（する）／統制する of 栄冠を与える lands. It was understood that Lord Knutsford was 用意が出来ている to 譲歩する 絶対の 支配（する）／統制する over lands to the south of latitude 26 degrees and 部分的な／不平等な 支配（する）／統制する over the 残りの人，物. Mr. Burt 提案するd that the entire 支配（する）／統制する of the lands in the South-West, Eucla, and Eastern 分割s should be given to the 植民地の 議会, and Mr. Shenton moved, and 結局 carried, an 改正 vesting all lands south of the Tropic of Capricorn.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 15 pages 22 et seq.)
The franchise was altered so as to give a 投票（する） to a lodger who had 占領するd for twelve months a room or rooms of the （疑いを）晴らす 年次の value of 10 続けざまに猛撃するs, and the duration of the 議会 was 減ずるd from five to four years. The Civil 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） and 年金s' Schedule were then considered, and 削減s to the extent, in all, of 1900 続けざまに猛撃するs were made. The 法案 was 再考するd in 委員会 on 2 April and other minor alterations made, and on the 5th the third reading was carried on the 発言する／表明するs.* After the 法案 had passed through 委員会 the 知事 cabled the fact to the 国務長官,** and on the 6th a reply*** to the 影響 that the only 改正s he could agree to were those making the duration of the 議会 four years and giving lodgers the franchise. The 知事 then returned the 法案 to the 会議,**** which, after consideration, decided to 主張する upon its 改正s regarding the land questions***** and the Civil 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）.*****
(*Footnote. Ibid page 246.)
(**Footnote. Broome to Lord Knutsford 4 April 1889.)
(***Footnote. Lord Knutsford to Broome 6 April 1889.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 15 page 253.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid pages 266 to 288.)
A 行き詰まる seemed 切迫した, but it was 避けるd by the 国務長官, who intimated that he was 用意が出来ている to 譲歩する 支配（する）／統制する over all lands south of latitude 26 degrees.* The 手段 was then returned to the 会議 for the third time,** and on the advice of the 知事, supported by the earnest 控訴，上告 of Mr. Parker,*** the land 境界 was 受託するd and the 改正 regarding the Civil 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） 孤立した. The 憲法 法案 finally left the 法律を制定する 会議 on 26 April.**** On the 29th a 記念の was 可決する・採択するd for 贈呈 to the 国務長官 製図／抽選 attention to さまざまな points--more 特に in regard to the Civil 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）--which seemed to 圧力（をかける） hardly upon the 植民地, and 主張するing that these 事柄s had been dropped 単に in order not to imperil the safety of the 法案.*****
(*Footnote. Lord Knutsford to Broome 13 April 1889 電報電信.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 15 pages 299 to 300 and 337 to 338.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 340.)
(****Footnote. Ibid page 391.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid pages 403 to 404 copy of 記念の.)
The troubles of the 手段 were, however, by no means at an end. After reaching London it passed the scrutiny of the 植民地の Office 首尾よく and was 認可するd without 延期する by the House of Lords.* When it reached the House of ありふれたs it met with a distinctly 敵意を持った 歓迎会. Both 味方するs of the House showed 限定された 反感 to it, and the Enabling 法案 to give 影響 to it was 棚上げにするd after the first reading,** without the slightest consideration 存在 shown to the 植民地 which for two years had relegated almost every other 事柄 to the background in order that responsible 政府 might be 安全な・保証するd. When Lord Knutsford cabled*** to the 知事 that there was little or no prospect of the 法案 becoming 法律 during the 開会／開廷／会期 of 1889, something like びっくり仰天 was evinced in the 植民地, as it was felt that その上の 延期する would only 原因（となる） stagnation, but would materially 影響する／感情 the 未来 of Western Australia as a whole. The 法律を制定する 会議 during a second 開会／開廷／会期 passed a 決意／決議**** to the 影響 that the 心配するd 延期する in the passage of the Enabling 法案 would most 本気で 影響する／感情 the 構成要素 prospects of the 植民地, and tend to destroy 信用／信任 in the 正直さ of the House of ありふれたs. The 政府s of the eastern 植民地s were asked to help by 演説（する）／住所s, and to 教える their スパイ／執行官s-General to 共同で impress upon the 皇室の 政府 the necessity of passing the 法案 before 議会 was prorogued. They all 答える／応じるd to the call,***** but their 部隊d 成果／努力s failed to 影響する／感情 the 事柄. The 開会／開廷／会期 of 1889 ended without the 憲法 法案 存在 passed into 法律.
(*Footnote. Hansard third series 容積／容量 337 page 1105; 容積／容量 338 pages 86, 378 and 515.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 1536; 容積／容量 339 pages 75 to 77; 容積／容量 340 pages 89 to 91.)
(***Footnote. Lord Knutsford to Broome 23 July 1889.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 16 pages 18 and 43. The 決意／決議 was cabled to Lord Knutsford 27 July 1889.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid pages 42 et seq. See also 命令（する） Paper 5919 page 5 et seq.)
During the 休会 Lord Knutsford 知らせるd the 知事 that in all probability the House of ありふれたs would 言及する the 法案 to a Select 委員会.* It had been 示唆するd** that a 代表 should be sent from Perth to 補助装置 一般に in 今後ing the 利益／興味s of the 植民地 in regard to the 手段. To this Lord Knutsford agreed,*** and advised that 知事 Broome, whose 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office was on the point of 満了する／死ぬing, should be one of the 委任する／代表s, and should be …を伴ってd by an 非公式の member of the 会議. A third 開会／開廷／会期 of the 法律を制定する 会議 was then called toward the end of 1889, and it was decided that the 委任する／代表s should be the 知事 (Sir Frederick Broome) Sir T. Cockburn-Campbell, and Mr. S.H. Parker.**** Later in the 開会／開廷／会期 Messrs. John Forrest and W.E. Marmion were （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限d to visit the eastern 植民地s ーするために awaken その上の 利益／興味 there,***** but the 国務長官 辞退するd to 同意 to such a 使節団,****** much to the indignation of the colonists.
(*Footnote. Lord Knutsford to Broome 6 September 1889.)
(**Footnote. Broome to Lord Knutsford 17 August 1889.)
(***Footnote. Lord Knutsford to Broome 12 October 1889.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 17 pages 80 and 86.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid page 226.)
(******Footnote. Lord Knutsford to Officer 治めるing 政府 17 January 1890.)
The 委任する／代表s left for England in December, Sir Malcolm Fraser 存在 任命するd as 行政官／管理者 during the absence of the 知事, for whose return for a second 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 代表s had been made.* The 国務長官 was unable to assent to the request, but agreed not to send out a new 知事 until the spring of 1890,** so as not to 奪う Sir Frederick Broome of his 公式の／役人 standing during the 交渉s.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s 容積／容量 16 pages 123 to 128.)
(**Footnote. Lord Knutsford to Broome 15 and 22 August 1889.)
The 派遣（する） of the 代表 was without 疑問 a very wise move on the part of the 植民地. Without the active 利益／興味 and earnest advocacy of its members it is more than likely that Western Australia would not have received 司法（官） even during the 開会／開廷／会期 of 1890. The 皇室の 政府 had not at that time 現れるd from the 狭くする and shortsighted 見解（をとる） of 植民地の 事件／事情／状勢s which it had always been the custom of British statesmen to take. In the minds of some the 植民地s seem to have been regarded as useless excrescences, except in so far as they could be made the 的 for fancy and utterly impracticable theories or serve as a ダンピング-ground for those types whose absence from England would make England sweeter. Many of the 対抗者s of the Western Australian 憲法 法案 may with truthfulness be entered in this 部類, and while it would be 不公平な to 含む Lord Knutsford, as he seems to have been sincere in his 願望（する） to 認める 自治, it is doubtful whether he was anxious to 認める it without その上の 延期する or without 不当な 制限s upon the 支配（する）／統制する of the lands.
The Enabling 法案, 権力を与えるing the Queen to assent to the 憲法 法案 passed by the 法律を制定する 会議 of Western Australia, was introduced into the House of ありふれたs in February 1890.* Some alterations had been made in the 憲法 by the 植民地の Office; 力／強力にする was given to the 栄冠を与える to 拒否権 any 植民地の 行為／法令／行動する 目的（とする）d at the 除外 of 移民，移住（する）s, and the 国務長官's pet 提案 to give the 植民地 支配（する）／統制する of the 栄冠を与える lands south of the 26th 平行の of latitude was introduced as an integral part of the 法案.** These two points--移民／移住 and 支配（する）／統制する of the lands--were すぐに 掴むd upon by the 対抗者s of the 手段, which was under the 支配（する）／統制する of the Under-国務長官, Baron de Worms.***
(*Footnote. Hansard third series 容積／容量 341 page 211.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 1354.)
(***Footnote. Hansard third series 容積／容量 341 pages 1359 to 1367.)
The 長，率いる and 前線 of the 対立 was Sir George Campbell, who 発表するd his 意向 of 封鎖するing the second reading. To 妨げる this a 会議／協議会 between Sir George and some of his 信奉者s on the one 手渡す, and Baron de Worms, Sir Frederick Broome, Sir William Robinson (指名するd as the new 知事) Sir T. Cockburn-Campbell, and Mr. Parker was held, but without any success at the moment.* When, however, the second reading was moved, the 対抗者s 差し控えるd from 封鎖するing it, and it was carried on 27 February.** Had the 封鎖する been 固執するd in, the results might have been 悲惨な to Western Australia, as the Salisbury 政府 had its 手渡すs more than 十分な of contentious 事柄s upon which its very 存在 depended, and would not have been likely to 招待する その上の trouble over a 手段 which in its 見解（をとる） was not really 圧力（をかける）ing.
(*Footnote. Letter from Sir T. Cockburn-Campbell 26 February 1890 in West Australian 2 April 1890.)
(**Footnote. Hansard third series 容積／容量 341 page 1396.)
After the second reading had been agreed to, the 法案 was referred to a Select 委員会 of nineteen members, with Baron de Worms as chairman. Between 13 March and 6 May twelve 会合s were held, in the course of which the Western Australian 委任する／代表s were 支配するd to a searching examination, which was so ably met that much of the 対立 to the 法案 was dispelled.*
(*Footnote. See 報告（する）／憶測 of Select 委員会 House of ありふれたs Papers 1890 Number 120.)
Sir Frederick Napier Broome 繰り返し言うd even more 堅固に the arguments put 今後 in his 非常に／多数の 派遣（する）s, more 特に those which 関係のある to 移民／移住 and the 支配（する）／統制する of the lands. Mr. Parker was still more emphatic. The people of the 植民地 were, he said, anxious to have the change, and at the 先行する 選挙s not one 候補者 had 支持するd the retention of the 存在するing method of 政府. That the 財政上の 条件s of the 植民地 were not then very strong he 認める, but considered it was 予定 to the shortsighted 政策 of the 植民地の Office in 辞退するing to agree to 貸付金s on the ground that changes in the 憲法 were 差し迫った. He was in favour of an 移民／移住 政策, but considered that the 植民地 should have at its 命令（する） the 資本／首都 necessary to settle people on the land. Unrestricted 移民／移住 would not give good results either to the 植民地 or the 移民，移住（する）, 特に as the south-west 部分 was the only part where 移民，移住（する） 労働 would have a chance of success. He was 特に …に反対するd to the idea of the 植民地の Office 保持するing 支配（する）／統制する over any 部分 of the lands of the 植民地, and considered that the 条項 挿入するd by the 国務長官 should be omitted. So far as defence 事柄s were 関心d, the 政策 of the 皇室の 政府 and of the 植民地の 当局 was the same, and Western Australia would welcome whatever 要塞s in the way of 保護 the Home 当局 thought wise to 建設する. Sir Thomas Cockburn-Campbell's opinion was on much the same lines. He thought that 植民地の 行政 of the lands was wiser than 植民地の Office 行政, as past experience had shown that in its 願望（する） to get rid of the lands the latter had not always kept （疑いを）晴らす of the land jobber. With regard to the aborigines, there was little 反対 to an Aborigines' 保護 Board, which, after all, was 単に designed to 満足させる the qualms of Exeter Hall.*
(*Footnote. See 報告（する）／憶測 of Select 委員会 House of ありふれたs papers 1890 Number 120.)
The 報告（する）／憶測 of the 委員会 was more favourable than the 委任する／代表s 推定する／予想するd. The 反対s 勧めるd against the 法案 were made light of, and shown to be …に反対するd to fact. The 報告（する）／憶測 その上の recommended that the 完全にする 支配（する）／統制する of the lands of the 植民地 should be given to the 植民地の 立法機関 without any 制限.*
(*Footnote. Ibid page 8.)
Between the date of 贈呈 of the 報告（する）／憶測 and the date of its consideration every 神経 was 緊張するd, alike by the members of the 代表, Sir William Robinson, and the さまざまな Australian 政府s, to 安全な・保証する the 安全な passage of the 手段. The スパイ／執行官s-General waited upon Mr. W.H. Smith, the First Lord of the 財務省, and 安全な・保証するd from him a 約束 that the 法案 would be 圧力（をかける）d during the 開会／開廷／会期. This was necessary, as the 対抗者s of the 手段 固執するd in their 態度,* and now argued that the whole 手段 was so 保守的な in character that it could not かもしれない be 許容できる to the people 一般に in the 植民地. The earnestness and ability of the 委任する／代表s, however, 連合させるd with the favourable 報告（する）／憶測 of the Select 委員会, 証明するd too strong to 戦闘, and the Enabling 法案 passed its third reading on 4 July 1890,** the 憲法 having been altered in the directions advised by the 委員会. Very little time 十分であるd to 安全な・保証する the 是認 of the House of Lords, and the 王室の Assent was given on 25 July.***
(*Footnote. See the 審議s in Hansard third series 容積／容量s 345 and 346.)
To apportion individual credit for the success is perhaps difficult, but the two who seem to stand out as most worthy of 承認 are Mr. (now Sir) S.H. Parker and Sir Frederick Broome. Mr. Parker, with unusual farsightedness, had been earnest, in and out of season, in his advocacy for responsible 政府, and Western Australia 借りがあるs not a little to the ability and astuteness with which he guided the party which was favourable to it. Sir Frederick Broome, trammelled by 植民地の Office 規則s, started his 行政 as the 対抗者 of any change, but experience in the 植民地 and of its people led him firstly to 収容する／認める that as a 原則 自治 had much in its favour, and lastly to give his strong 固守 to the movement for 安全な・保証するing it. That so favourable a 憲法 was でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd and 最終的に passed is 予定 in no small 手段 to the masterful 質s of statesmanship that he 陳列する，発揮するd.
The new 行為／法令／行動する* made 準備／条項 for the 設立 of a 法律を制定する 会議 and 法律を制定する 議会, the former to consist of fifteen members 指名するd in the first instance by the 知事, and the latter of thirty members elected by the people. Each 議会 was to 会合，会う at least once in every year. No member of the 会議 could 持つ／拘留する any office of 利益（をあげる） under the 栄冠を与える, except such as was held under 軍の 規則s. One responsible 大臣 at least must be a member of the 会議. The first 会議 was to last for six years or until the 全住民 of the 植民地 reached 60,000. On the occurrence of either event the 会議 was to become elective, for which 目的 the 植民地 was divided into five 州s--the 主要都市の, the Northern, the Central, the Eastern, and the Southern--each returning three members, whose 任期 of office should be for six years. The members would retire in rotation, the 上級の member to go before the electors every two years. The franchise was 限られた／立憲的な to leaseholders of 200 続けざまに猛撃するs 資本／首都 value, and householders and leaseholders of 30 続けざまに猛撃するs 年次の value. The first 大統領 was to be 任命するd by the 知事, but as soon as the elective 原則 （機の）カム into 操作／手術 the 会議 was to elect its own 大統領.
(*Footnote. 52 Victoria Number 23 Enabling 行為／法令／行動する 53 and 54 Victoria c.26.)
令状s for the 選挙 of members of the 議会 were to be 問題／発行するd by the 知事, and the 議会 could proceed to 商売／仕事, 供給するd not more than five 令状s were not returned. The duration of the 議会, which elected its own （衆議院の）議長, was 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する at four years. The 資格 of 会員の地位 in either House was freehold in lands or tenements to the 資本／首都 value of 500 続けざまに猛撃するs, or 年次の value of 50 続けざまに猛撃するs, the 所有／入手 of which had to be 宣言するd. 最高裁判所 裁判官s, the 郡保安官, clergymen, undischarged 破産者／倒産したs, persons whose 事件／事情／状勢s were in liquidation, and those attainted or 納得させるd of 背信 or 重罪 were disqualified from 会員の地位 in either House. 請負業者s to the 政府 were also debarred, and the 受託 of a 契約 by a member （判決などを）下すd his seat 空いている. There were to be five (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 大臣s, and the offices they held were to be 宣言するd by the 知事 within one month of the coming into 操作／手術 of the 行為／法令／行動する.
For the 目的 of 選挙s to the 法律を制定する 議会 the 植民地 was to be divided into thirty 地区s, irrespective of its 全住民--a 準備／条項 that at a later date gave rise to curious anomalies of 代表. The 選挙（人）の 地区s were East Kimberley, West Kimberley, Roebourne, De Grey, Ashburton, Gascoyne, Murchison, Geraldton, Greenough, Irwin, Moore, Swan, Perth, East Perth, West Perth, Fremantle, North Fremantle, South Fremantle, Murray, Wellington, Bunbury, Nelson, Sussex, Toodyay, Northam, York, Beverley, Williams, Plantagenet, and Albany. Every man was する権利を与えるd to be 登録（する）d and to 投票（する） who was of 十分な age and not 支配する of any 合法的な incapacity; who was a natural born or naturalised 支配する of Her Majesty or a denizen of Western Australia; who had 所有するd within his 選挙（人）の 地区 for at least one year before 登録 a freehold of the value of 100 続けざまに猛撃するs or a leasehold or licence of the 年次の value of 10 続けざまに猛撃するs, or 占領するd a dwelling or 宿泊するing of the 年次の value of 10 続けざまに猛撃するs. Those who had been attainted or 罪人／有罪を宣告するd of 背信, 重罪, or 悪名高い offence, and had not served the 宣告，判決 or been 容赦d, were disqualified.
The 財政上の 条項s 供給するd that all Money 法案s must 起こる／始まる in the 議会, by message from the 知事. The Civil 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） 量d to 9850 続けざまに猛撃するs, apportioned as follows: 知事 4000 続けざまに猛撃するs; 私的な 長官 300 続けざまに猛撃するs; Clerk of the 会議 250 続けざまに猛撃するs; 長，指導者 司法（官） 1200 続けざまに猛撃するs; Puisne 裁判官 900 続けざまに猛撃するs; and five 大臣の salaries 3200 続けざまに猛撃するs. The 年金s to those officers who lost their positions by virtue of the 行為／法令／行動する were 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する as: 植民地の 長官 (Sir Malcolm Fraser) 700 続けざまに猛撃するs; 弁護士／代理人／検事-General (C.N. Warton) 333 続けざまに猛撃するs 6 shillings and 8 pence; 植民地の Treasurer (A.O'G. Lefroy) 550 続けざまに猛撃するs; and Surveyor-General (John Forrest) 500 続けざまに猛撃するs. In 事例／患者 of reappointment under the 栄冠を与える, the 年金 合併するd in the salary during the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of the 任命. 準備／条項 was also made for the 支払い（額） of 5000 続けざまに猛撃するs 毎年 to an Aborigines' 保護 Board for the amelioration of the 条件 of the aborigines, the 量 to become 1 per cent of the 甚だしい／１２ダース 歳入 when such 歳入 前進するd beyond half a million 英貨の／純銀の.
The 行為／法令／行動する was to be 布告するd and come into 操作／手術 within three months of the 領収書 in the 植民地 of 公式の／役人 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that the 王室の Assent had been given.
These were the main 準備／条項s of the 行為／法令／行動する, and though in many ways they would be accounted 自由主義の today, they were a 際立った step 今後 at the time, and they placed the 力／強力にする of liberalising them, when such a step was みなすd necessary, in the 手渡すs of the colonists themselves. For many years Western Australia had struggled to throw off the shackles of the 植民地の Office, and the fact that this had at last been 遂行するd gave extreme satisfaction to the people 一般に, even if for the time 存在 they were debarred through want of 全住民 from a 十分な 発言する／表明する in their country's 事件／事情／状勢s.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL OCCURRENCES.
PHENOMENAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE GOLDFIELDS.
RESOURCES, INDUSTRIES, AND TRADE.
LAND LAWS AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT.
GENERAL.
The 仕事 of bringing the new 憲法 into 操作／手術 and of guiding it in the 早期に 行う／開催する／段階s was ゆだねるd to Sir William Robinson, who had already served two 条件 as 知事 of the 植民地, and was an able and experienced officer in the Public Service. He arrived まっただ中に much rejoicing, 予定 no 疑問 as much to his 使節団 as to his personality, on 20 October, and on the に引き続いて day--21 October 1890--the 行為／法令／行動する was 布告するd,* and Western Australia 証言，証人／目撃するd the consummation of many years of waiting.
(*Footnote. West Australian 22 October 1890.)
The first 事柄 to be settled, によれば the popular idea, was the 選択 of a 省. The 競争相手 claimants, each of whom had active support, were Mr. S.H. Parker and Mr. John Forrest. The one could 公正に／かなり （人命などを）奪う，主張する that his twelve years' 任期 of 会員の地位 in the old 法律を制定する 会議 had given him a 十分な しっかり掴む of the political needs of the time, and that he, in a special sense, had been the 主要な spirit in that long-continued agitation which had just been brought to a successful 結論. The other had won his 刺激（する）s as an 行政官／管理者, having controlled for many years the most important 段階 of 植民地の 拡大--the land system at its 開発. As an explorer, too, he was deservedly popular, 特に の中で that section which accounted 行為s of more importance than words. 知事 Robinson wisely decided to make no choice until the 議会 had been chosen and he was in a better position to 裁判官 which claimant was the more likely to form and carry on a stable 政府. It was decided to 持つ／拘留する the 選挙s in December, and the （選挙などの）運動をする was entered into with 広大な／多数の／重要な activity and enthusiasm. Most 利益／興味 centred 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the speeches of the claimants to leadership, whose 政策s in the main agreed. Mr. Parker, on the one 手渡す, looked for 全住民 as a 予選 to 安全な・保証するing 貸付金s; while Mr. Forrest 支持するd an 広範囲にわたる 貸付金 政策 as a means of inducing 移民／移住. Both recognised that a vigorous public 作品 政策 was necessary to the 繁栄 of the 植民地.
From the result of the 選挙s it was evident that Mr. Forrest 命令（する）d a larger に引き続いて than Mr. Parker, and he was その結果 （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限d by 知事 Robinson on 22 December* to form the first 省 under responsible 政府 in Western Australia. Two days later he submitted the 指名するs, which were 認可するd by the 知事, and the 省 was sworn in on the 29th.** The 閣僚 consisted of John Forrest, C.M.G. (首相 and 植民地の Treasurer) George Shenton (植民地の 長官) S. Burt, Q.C. (弁護士／代理人／検事-General) W.E. Marmion (Commissioner of 栄冠を与える Lands) and H.W. Venn (Commissioner of 鉄道s and Director of Public 作品).*** All, with the exception of Mr. Shenton, who 代表するd the 政府 in the 会議, were members of the 法律を制定する 議会. The 知事 任命するd Sir Thomas Cockburn-Campbell 大統領 of the 法律を制定する 会議, and the 議会 elected Sir James G. 物陰／風下 Steere as （衆議院の）議長.**** 議会 then 延期，休会するd till 20 January 1891, to 許す 大臣s to go before their 選挙権を持つ／選挙人s. All were returned 反対者のない.
(*Footnote. West Australian 23 December 1890.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 30 December 1890.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 1 page 5.)
(****Footnote. Ibid pages 1 and 3.)
One of the first 事柄s which （人命などを）奪う，主張するd the attention of the 政府 was the reorganisation of departments ーするために 会合，会う the altered 条件s of 行政.* に引き続いて upon that the Aborigines' 保護 Board, which was necessary under the 憲法, was 任命するd, and the money 要求するd for the 保護 of the aborigines together with the 行政 of all 事柄s 取引，協定ing with them was placed under its 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金.
(*Footnote. Ibid page 6.)
The 大臣s were so much 占領するd in this 行政の organisation, and in an examination of the exact 財政上の 条件 of the 植民地, that little time was left in which to 準備する an 広範囲にわたる political programme for submission to 議会. Such a programme was also to an extent unnecessary at the time, as it had been decided that the 開会／開廷／会期 should be a short one, ーするために 許す the 植民地 to be 代表するd at a 国家の Australian 条約 to be held in Sydney 早期に in March to discuss a 提案 for the 連合 of all the Australian 植民地s.
議会 met for 商売／仕事 on 20 January, as 明言する／公表するd, and the 知事's speech showed that the 主要な／長／主犯 手段 to be submitted was a 貸付金 法案 of some magnitude,* by means of which a vigorous public 作品 政策 was to be 始めるd. The 量 asked for, which somewhat staggered the older members, who were accustomed to speak of public 財政／金融 only in thousands, was 1.336 million 続けざまに猛撃するs.** With this money it was 提案するd to 延長する the 鉄道 system of the 植民地 so as to 増加する 輸送（する） 施設s for the 農業の, 木材／素質, and 採掘 産業s; to 改善する the harbour accommodation at Fremantle and other ports; to bring country 地区s into telegraphic communication with the 資本／首都; to 築く a lighthouse at Cape Leeuwin, and to 延長する the public buildings so as to 供給する accommodation for the やむを得ず 増加するd staff.*** So 変化させるd was the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） that Mr. Parker, who had become a candid critic of 政府 活動／戦闘s, seemed to think that it was an 試みる／企てる to catch 投票（する）s by giving every member something.**** The 法案, however, was 押し進めるd by Mr. Forrest, whose 大多数 turned out to be even greater than was 心配するd, and after a short 審議 was carried, members 一般に 表明するing the 有罪の判決 that the 未来 of the country was 約束ing enough to 正当化する it. After having elected 代表者／国会議員s to the 連邦の 条約,***** which will be discussed in the 後継するing 一時期／支部, the two Houses were prorogued on 26 February. Before they met again the honour of knighthood had been conferred upon the 首相.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 1 page 6.)
(**Footnote. 54 Victoria Number 9. It may be 公式文書，認めるd that 沈むing 基金s are 供給するd in 関係 with public 貸付金s in Western Australia. At the 現在の time (1921) these 基金s for all 貸付金s 量 to 7,641,563 続けざまに猛撃するs.)
(***Footnote. 54 Victoria Number 9.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 1 pages 137 et seq.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid page 375.)
Sir William Robinson left the 植民地 in September 1891, and from that date until his return in the に引き続いて July 長，指導者 司法（官） Onslow 占領するd the position of 行政官／管理者. In that capacity he opened the second 開会／開廷／会期 of the 議会 in December, and commented in favourable 条件 upon the 改善するd 条件 of the 植民地 一般に. The 開会／開廷／会期, which lasted until March 1892, was a 公正に／かなり busy one, 特に in those 事柄s necessary to 完全にする the 行政の organisation, to 供給する 当局 for 鉄道 construction, and to bring the 地元の 法律制定 more into line with modern thought. Nothing of an ambitious, far-reaching, or 実験の character was 試みる／企てるd. Many questions of importance did from time to time arise, but these were 一般に the 結果 of some important 段階 of thought, activity, or 開発 in the 植民地 itself, and may more fittingly be discussed in 関係 with the circumstances which brought them into 存在. So far no party 政策 had been enunciated; the only 目的（とする） of the 政府 was the 開発 of the country.
In the third 開会／開廷／会期 of the 議会, which 占領するd the の近くにing months of 1892, two 対策 were brought 今後, which, though they did not then become 法律, give a good 指示，表示する物 of the 進歩／革新的な spirit of Sir John Forrest and his 同僚s. These were an 改正 of the 憲法 and a Homesteads 法案. The 反対するs of the first* were to 廃止する the 所有物／資産／財産 資格 of members, to 延長する the franchise, and 追加する two new members to the 法律を制定する 会議 and three to the 法律を制定する 議会. The 衆議院 was in favour of the 計画／陰謀,** but the 会議, in its character of a drag upon 迅速な 法律制定, would not agree to it.*** The second 手段, the Homesteads 法案, 目的（とする）d at encouraging 解決／入植地 by making 解放する／自由な 認めるs of 制限するd area to 植民／開拓者s who were 用意が出来ている to live upon and work the land in 一致 with 条件s laid 負かす／撃墜する. The 法案 passed the second reading by a 狭くする 大多数;**** that it 伸び（る）d a 大多数 at all seems to have been more out of compliment to the 首相 than belief in the 手段. But so 逆の were the opinions 表明するd that the 手段 was 孤立した at that 行う／開催する／段階.***** The 開会／開廷／会期 結論するd with the Midland 鉄道 貸付金 行為／法令／行動する,****** authorising the 政府 to 保証（人） 支払い（額） of 主要な／長／主犯 and 利益／興味 up to 500,000 続けざまに猛撃するs. This was （判決などを）下すd necessary by the fact that the Company had 設立する it 極端に difficult to raise the money needed for the construction of the line, and there was every 可能性 of the work 存在 無期限に／不明確に 一時停止するd.******* Happily, the 活動／戦闘 of the 政府 回避するd this 可能性, and more happily still, perhaps, it brought home to the 植民地 the knowledge that land-認める 鉄道s, from whatever point they were 見解（をとる）d, were not 役立つ to 開発.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 3 pages 105 to 112.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 351.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 385.)
(****Footnote. Ibid page 242.)
(*****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 3 pages 319 and 335.)
(******Footnote. 56 Victoria Number 19.)
(*******Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 3 page 538.)
The hopefulness that 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd after the 設立 of responsible 政府, and the 企業 and 決意 shown by 大臣s in 供給するing for the needs of a 広大な／多数の／重要な 植民地, are seen by the 成果／努力s made to 安全な・保証する proper harbour 施設s at Fremantle. This was one of the questions that had agitated the public mind for years, and upon which advice had more than once been sought but no finality reached. Sir John Coode, it will be remembered, had 恐れるd sand-travel if harbourage was 試みる／企てるd at the mouth of the river, and 支持するd a passage through Success Bank into Owen 船の停泊地, and, if necessary, through Parmelia Bank into Jervois Bay and Cockburn Sound.* With this idea the Engineer-in-長，指導者 did not agree. There was, in his opinion, no direct 証拠 of sand-travel which would 妨げる the construction of a river harbour; but if it was 設立する that sand did 蓄積する, it could easily be 除去するd by dredging. He 支持するd the construction of breakwaters from Arthur and Rous 長，率いるs, the dredging of a channel between them, and the 穴掘り of a 水盤／入り江 within the mouth of the river, where wharves and storehouses could be 築くd. The 概算の cost was 560,000 続けざまに猛撃するs, or 800,000 続けざまに猛撃するs if the 計画／陰謀 were 大きくするd.** At first the 政府 was inclined to 可決する・採択する Sir John Coode's idea,*** but as Mr. O'Connor's 計画／陰謀 was 認可するd by other engineers they referred the whole question for 調査 to a 共同の 委員会 of both Houses.**** This 委員会 報告（する）／憶測d in favour of the Engineer-in-長，指導者's 計画／陰謀,***** and the 報告（する）／憶測 was 正式に 可決する・採択するd in 1892.****** In November 1892 Lady Robinson 攻撃するd the first 負担 of 石／投石するs to form the mole or breakwater, and the work, which has resulted in the 現在の admirable harbour at Fremantle, was entered upon--a monument to the foresight of the Forrest 政府 and to the ability of the Engineer-in-長，指導者 of the time--Mr. C.Y. O'Connor.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1891/2 Paper 17.)
(**Footnote. Ibid Paper A2.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 2 pages 186 to 188.)
(****Footnote. Ibid page 329.)
(*****Footnote. Western Australian 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1891/2 Paper A9.)
(******Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 2 pages 808 and 816.)
This and other 作品 of magnitude show that 進歩 had 取って代わるd the stagnation and that the 植民地 was 速く 現れるing from the slough of 栄冠を与える 植民地 days. The 異常な 開発 of the goldfields was no 疑問 a 目だつ factor in the result, as it also was in 妨げるing the bursting of the eastern 植民地s' にわか景気 from 存在 appreciably felt in Western Australia. In fact, the speeches in 議会 during 1893 表明するd a 信用／信任 in the 植民地 such as had never before been 明らかな. There still, however, remained one little 不和 within the lute in the 指名するd character of the 参議院. The general feeling that a 指名された人 議会 was a 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 to 進歩 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd, and this was accentuated by the 会議's 拒絶 to pass the 改正 to the 憲法 行為／法令／行動する brought 今後 in 1892. By the end of that year the 全住民 of the 明言する／公表する was nearly 59,000,* with every prospect of reaching in a few months the 60,000 要求するd to turn the 法律を制定する 会議 into an elected 団体／死体. The 改正 was therefore 再提出するd in 1893 and passed through the 議会 without difficulty.**
(*Footnote. See 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 4 pages 66, 89 and 337.)
In the 会議 it again met with 対立, おもに through a 願望（する）, as the newspapers put it, to give 代表 to "land, sand, sheep, and kangaroos." Several alterations were made to which the 議会 拒絶する／低下するd to agree,* and a 会議／協議会 between the two Houses was then 訴える手段／行楽地d to. This failed to come to a 決定／判定勝ち（する）,** but the difficulty was solved by a catch 投票（する） in the 会議 on the same evening by which the 議会 伸び（る）d its way,*** and the 法案 was passed 事実上 as it left the 衆議院. It was assented on 13 October 1893,**** and 供給するd for an elected 法律を制定する 会議 of twenty-one members, three from each of the に引き続いて 州s: 主要都市の, West, North, Central, East, South-East, and South-West; and a 法律を制定する 議会 of thirty-three members, 代表するing the 初めの thirty 選挙民s and three new ones 構成するing the goldfields, Pilbara, Nannine, and Yilgarn. The 所有物／資産／財産 資格 for 会員の地位 was 廃止するd in both 会議 and 議会, but the qualifying age was raised to thirty in the 事例／患者 of the 会議. The 選挙（人）の 資格 for the 会議 was 減ずるd to a 100 続けざまに猛撃する freehold or 25 続けざまに猛撃する 年次の value basis, but the owner or occupant must have been in 所有／入手 for twelve months before 登録. The 議会 投票者 only needed to have resided in one place in Western Australia during the 先行する twelve months. As regards Money 法案s the 会議 was given 力／強力にする to return them to the 議会 with a request for the omission or alteration of any items therein. No 準備／条項 for the 編集 of 選挙（人）の rolls was 挿入するd in the 行為／法令／行動する, and a special 開会／開廷／会期 of 議会 had to be 召喚するd in December to 治療（薬） the defect.
(*Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 5 pages 723, 929 and 932.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 1033.)
(***Footnote. Ibid pages 1024 to 1025.)
(****Footnote. 57 Victoria Number 14.)
The 議会 選挙s were held in June 1894, and the 会議 選挙s in July. In both 事例／患者s there was かなりの alteration in the 職員／兵員. The new 会議 was composed of men more in touch with the life of the community than were those of the 指名するd 団体／死体, but it was still a 用心深い rather than a 進歩／革新的な 議会; an advantage, perhaps, at the time, as the gold 発見s were not altogether 役立つ to a sane and 安全な 見通し. In the 議会 there were several new members, but there was little change from a political point of 見解（をとる）, except that the 代表者／国会議員s of the goldfields, with one or two others, formed a 核 of an 対立, which, however, did not become of appreciable strength during the long 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 that Sir John Forrest held office. The 開会／開廷／会期 of the 再構成するd 議会 held in 1894 was おもに 充てるd to questions of public 作品 and 鉄道 開発 which the 予期しない 拡大 of the 植民地 （判決などを）下すd necessary. Two その上の 改正s of the 憲法 were brought 今後. The first, which was agreed to, 減ずるd the 刑罰，罰則 recoverable from a member who sat without 所有するing the necessary 資格;* the second, which was also passed by 議会 but 拒否権d by the 栄冠を与える, referred to the 廃止 of the Aborigines' 保護 Board.** Under the 憲法 the 政府 was 要求するd to 支払う／賃金 over 1 per cent of the 甚だしい／１２ダース 歳入, when that 歳入 越えるd 500,000 続けざまに猛撃するs, to that Board for disbursement in 関係 with the natives. The 歳入 had passed the half-million 示す and the 条項 （機の）カム into 操作／手術, but 大臣s disapproved, and it seems rightly, of 支払う／賃金ing away a large sum of money over the 支出 of which they had no 支配（する）／統制する. They 願望（する）d, and 議会 supported them, that the money should be expended under the direction of a responsible 大臣. The Home 当局 failed to agree, and 王室の Assent to the 改正 was withheld. This led to a 非常に長い correspondence with the 植民地の Office,*** and in the result the 法案 lapsed in 一致 with the 準備／条項 that a reserved 法案, not assented to within two years, lapses. A new 行為／法令／行動する was passed during 1897,**** which received the 王室の Assent and was 布告するd 早期に in 1898.***** There is very little 疑問 that the natives, so far from losing, have 伸び（る）d by the change.
(*Footnote. 58 Victoria Number 15.)
(**Footnote. 58 Victoria Number 37.)
(***Footnote. See 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1894 Paper A2; 1895 page 236; 1896 Paper Number 18. Also 審議s new series 容積／容量 8 pages 658, 1116, 1184 et seq.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 11 pages 393 to 401 and 419 61 Victoria Number 5.)
(*****Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1898 page 813.)
In 見解（をとる） of the growth of the 地雷s and other departments consequent upon the 開発 of the 採掘 産業 and the 早い 増加する in 全住民, it became necessary toward the end of 1894 to 配列し直す the 大臣の offices. The 辞職 by Mr. Marmion of the Lands 大臣の地位 on 4 December 申し込む／申し出d the 適切な時期 which the 首相 was not slow to 掴む. The Lands Department was 受託するd by Mr. A.R. Richardson, and Sir John Forrest took the 植民地の Secretaryship in 新規加入 to his 地位，任命する as Treasurer. To Mr. Parker, thus dispossessed, was 申し込む／申し出d the new 地位，任命する of 大臣 of 地雷s and Education, but as he 異なるd from the 首相 on the education question he 拒絶する／低下するd it, and the 大臣の地位 was 受託するd by Mr. (now Sir) E.H. Wittenoom. The 願望（する） seems to have been to 安全な・保証する a 閣僚 whose members would be amenable to one strong will.
早期に in the に引き続いて year the 植民地 lost the services of Sir William Robinson, who left for England in March. While not, perhaps, in every 尊敬（する）・点 an ideal 知事, there is no 疑問 that as constitutionalist he stood in the first 階級, and the country could not have had a wiser 長，率いる to direct its first steps along the path of responsible 政府. After his 出発 Sir Alexander Onslow (knighted in 1893) 行為／法令／行動するd as 行政官／管理者 until the に引き続いて December, when the new 知事, 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐 Sir Gerard Smith, arrived.
For a 十分な understanding of the その後の position of the 植民地, it is necessary at this 行う／開催する／段階 to digress somewhat ーするために chronicle the rise and 開発 of the goldfields. There is no 疑問 that the most striking and important feature of Western Australian history during the period 1891 to 1900 was the 異常な gold 発見s--発見s which, with the 急ぐ of 全住民 consequent thereon, had not only wide and far-reaching 影響s upon the 行政, but 影響する／感情d every 段階 of life and 産業 in the community.
The gold almost seems to have waited for the advent of responsible 政府 to 宣言する itself, or perhaps it was that a freer, more 独立した・無所属, and more 企業ing spirit （機の）カム upon the people through the change. Whatever may have been the impelling 原因（となる）, the story of the rise of Western Australia from the position of an almost neglected 領土 to the status of one of the greatest gold-producing countries of the world 所有するs all the elements of a romance. It is not necessary to 大きくする upon the many 出来事/事件s, some humorous, some pathetic, but all intensely 利益／興味ing, which occurred on the different fields. Putting all those aside, however, even the most simple and unvarnished narrative almost 示唆するs that the lamp of Aladdin had 設立する a 残り／休憩（する）ing-place under the 保護するing wing of the 黒人／ボイコット Swan.
The 提案 of the 政府 to 延長する the eastern 鉄道 from Northam to Southern Cross* seems to have had the 影響 of 設立するing 信用／信任 in the 可能性s of the Yilgarn field, and as a result 資本／首都 was more 自由に 投資するd and prospecting carried on over a wider area. Southern Cross became やめる an active little 採掘 town, and though the returns for 1891 did not altogether 正当化する the large 支出 necessary to build a 鉄道, the field produced the largest 産する／生じる in the 植民地 for the year--12,833 ounces, out of a total of 30,311, Pilbara 存在 next with 11,875.**
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 2 pages 133 to 137 and 330 55 Victoria Number 12.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 地質学の 調査する 公式発表 Number 16 pages 19 and 34; and 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
These returns encouraged the belief that somewhere in Western Australia there 存在するd gold in large 量s, and attention was directed to those 地区s where, in former years, the 可能性 of its occurrence had been 示唆するd. As far 支援する as 1854 Mr. Robert Austin, when 調査するing along the Murchison River, had 述べるd the country as of 約束ing mineral character, and from time to time 半端物 見本／標本s of gold had been 設立する here and there throughout the 地区. Mr. H.P. Woodward, the 政府 geologist, after 診察するing the locality in 1889, supported Mr. Austin's 見解（をとる）, and 報告（する）／憶測d upon the encouraging 外見 of the ground between the 広大な／多数の／重要な bend of the Murchison and Milly Milly. In 1890 gold was 設立する at Yuin, and in August 1891, Mr. J.F. Connolly 報告（する）／憶測d the 発見 of rich alluvial about 200 miles east of the coast.* Before the end of September there were between 300 and 400 men scattered over the field, most of whom were making good 給料, and some of whom were 安全な・保証するing excellent returns. Nuggets 変化させるing from 2 to 40 ounces were 選ぶd up, mostly on the surface; in fact, all the gold was 設立する either on or within a few feet of the 最高の，を越す of the ground. The Murchison goldfield was 布告するd on 24 September 1891, and Mr. W.A.G. Walter was 任命するd the first Warden.** Its （警察，軍隊などの）本部 were at Nannine, but the centre of activity was soon moved to Cue, a 郡区 that sprang up in a large field of exceptional richness discovered by Messrs. Cue and Fitzgerald, where gold could be 安全な・保証するd by the simple 過程s of "specking" and "乾燥した，日照りの-blowing." These finds led to 広範囲にわたる prospecting over the whole 地区, and from time to time 報告（する）／憶測s of その上の 発見s were 発表するd. Rich gold-耐えるing 暗礁s were 設立する at さまざまな places, 顕著に at the "Island" in Lake Austin, where in 新規加入 to rich quartz a channel of 固く結び付ける was 設立する which for a time gave marvellous returns. The 報告（する）／憶測 of gold at Yuin, in the Nancarrang Hills, made in 1890, led to the 開始 up of the Yalgoo field, where from the cap of a 暗礁 gold to the value of 15,000 続けざまに猛撃するs was "dollied." From Day 夜明け, a little to the south of Cue, and from 開始する Magnet, about thirty miles still さらに先に south, excellent results were 安全な・保証するd; in fact, throughout the whole of the Murchison 地区 gold was 得るd, often in small, いつかs in large 量s, and the 公式の／役人 returns for 1892 show that it had ひったくるd from Yilgarn the pride of place, 輸出（する）ing 24,356 ounces, as against 21,209 ounces. The Pilbara field in the same year 産する／生じるd 12,892 ounces, and the Kimberley 1088 ounces. The total value was 226,284 続けざまに猛撃するs--a large 量 for a country 述べるd by some 科学の men as 存在 非，不，無-auriferous.***
(*Footnote. See 公式文書，認める above and also 要約 on mineral 発見s in Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 part 9.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1891 pages 697 and 711.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 地質学の 調査する 公式発表 Number 16 pages 17, 19, 27 and 34 and 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
一方／合間 prospecting was 存在 assiduously carried on over the Yilgarn field with 変化させるing success. Two adventurous spirits, Speakman and Ryan, struck out toward the north-east and 設立する a good 暗礁 in the direction of what was later to 達成する an unenviable 評判 under the 指名する of Siberia. Attention was also directed toward the 地区 known as Dundas, south-east of Southern Cross, and in the 周辺 of Fraser 範囲. A Mr. Moir, looking for grazing areas, had 設立する some 指示，表示する物s of gold in the neighbourhood in 1890, and Mr. David Lindsay, of the 年上の 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊, who passed over it in 1891, spoke of it as a possible mineral area.* With a companion 指名するd Stewart, Moir prospected the 地区 in 1892 without success, but other prospectors who, encouraged by Lindsay's opinion, followed upon Moir's heels met with better fortune. These 発見s led to other parties setting out, and その上の 指示，表示する物s were 得るd, but the value of the find was dwarfed by the 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の 告示s of a few weeks later, 告示s which brought Western Australia into prominence as one of the 広大な／多数の／重要な gold-producing countries of the world.
(*Footnote. 定期刊行物 of 年上の 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊 1891 to 1892 Adelaide 1893 page 112.)
Experienced 鉱夫s, after a の近くに examination, were 納得させるd that so far from 存在 the centre of a goldfield Yilgarn was only on the fringe, and that greater 発見s would be 設立する さらに先に east, somewhere in that arid, trackless 砂漠 that stretched across to the South Australian 国境. Obsessed by the lust for gold, they went out into this 地域, 用意が出来ている to 勇敢に立ち向かう the dangers in the hope of finding that which would make them rich beyond the dreams of avarice. Not all who went out 後継するd in winning through, as the 記念の in Coolgardie 共同墓地, "To the men who 炎d the 跡をつける," 耐えるs eloquent and pathetic 証言. Many who did reach the new El Dorado 伸び（る）d little 利益 from their exertions, but all have a 権利 to 株 in the credit of Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie--指名するs that for years were words to conjure with on the 在庫／株 交流s of Europe.
In 1891 and 1892 several parties left Southern Cross with the 意向 of crossing the Hampton Plains (discovered by 追跡（する） in 1864) in the hope that gold might be 設立する there. Most of them were not only 不成功の in their search, but were 減ずるd to sore 海峡s through want of water, and compelled to turn 支援する. の中で those who 始める，決める out in 1892 were Arthur Bayley and John Ford, two 鉱夫s who had become 慣れさせるd through experience to the dangers of the Western Australian bush. Bayley, who was one of the first diggers at Nannine, is said to have raised over 1000 ounces from one （人命などを）奪う，主張する. Tiring of the Murchison, he and Ford returned to Perth, where they sold their gold and 始める，決める out upon a prospecting 探検隊／遠征隊. They proceeded first to 開始する Kenneth, about 250 miles north-east of Perth; here they lost their horses and had to walk 支援する to Newcastle. Having 購入（する）d a new outfit, they next 始める，決める out for the locality of Speakman's find, north-east of Yilgarn, but turned 支援する on 会合 other 鉱夫s returning from the place with discouraging 報告（する）／憶測s. They then 長，率いるd for Southern Cross, and having 購入（する）d 準備／条項s for about two months started out eastward on 追跡（する）'s old 跡をつける. After a very tedious trip, when they were 近づくing the now famous field, they were compelled to turn 支援する and 残り／休憩（する） for a couple of days at the Gnarlbine Soak. Starting out again through boggy country they reached in July the place known to the natives as Coolgardie. Finding it covered with good grass they let the horses out to graze and proceeded to prospect the surrounding flats. Here Ford 選ぶd up a 1/4 ounce nugget, and before dinner they had 安全な・保証するd 20 ounces. They 指名するd the place 飛行機で行く Flat, and decided to remain there till the 準備／条項s ran short. In the course of three or four weeks they 安全な・保証するd about 200 ounces. 軍隊d to go 支援する to Southern Cross for 供給（する）s, they said nothing about the find, but returned to 飛行機で行く Flat as quickly as possible, and on the first Sunday after they arrived discovered the 暗礁 which soon became famous through out the 採掘 world. That evening they broke off the cap of the 暗礁 with a tomahawk and dollied over 500 ounces. The に引き続いて morning they pegged out a （人命などを）奪う，主張する, reckoning that there were 2000 ounces in sight. すぐに afterwards Messrs. Foster and パン職人, who had 跡をつけるd them from Southern Cross, put in an 外見, and pegged out an 隣接するing area, from which in three days they 安全な・保証するd 200 ounces of gold. Leaving Ford to guard the （人命などを）奪う，主張する, Bayley made his way quickly to Southern Cross and 適用するd to Warden Finnerty, on 17 September 1892, for a 賃貸し（する） of the area, showing at the same time the 554 ounces of gold that he had brought 支援する. The field was then 宣言するd open, and the news of it telegraphed far and wide. The 採掘 Registrar's offices, and even his ４半期/4分の1s, were 包囲するd by a multitude of able-団体／死体d men, all anxious to 安全な・保証する 鉱夫s' 権利s. On 20 September Bayley started 支援する for Coolgardie, but this turn not alone. Warden Finnerty went with him, and 事実上 the whole of Southern Cross either …を伴ってd them or followed すぐに after, most of the throng 存在 better equipped with 鉱夫s' 権利s than with 準備／条項s. To enter a 事実上 waterless 領土 at the beginning of summer, not in ones or twos but in hundreds, was a course …に出席するd by no little danger; but in their 切望 to 得る gold the necessity for eating and drinking seemed trivial.
The excitement soon spread to Perth and other centres. In Perth and Fremantle everyone seemed to be either carrying テントs, 選ぶs, shovels, and dishes, or さもなければ 準備するing for the road.* From York over 200 eager gold-探検者s went 前へ／外へ by whatever 方式 of conveyance they could 安全な・保証する, and if 非，不，無 were 利用できる, on foot, for the land of gold. With so ill-advised a 急ぐ it was not long before 準備／条項s and water were of even more account than gold in Coolgardie. On 8 October Bayley returned to Southern Cross in company with the Warden to deposit a その上の 500 ounces of gold. Mr. Finnerty 報告（する）／憶測d to the 政府 that there was no 井戸／弁護士席-defined lode showing on the surface, but that a line of quartz, in places nearly 20 feet wide, could be traced through Bayley's ground. There were then, he said, 150 men at Coolgardie, and he met 170 going out. By the end of October the number had 増加するd to about 400, and something like 3000 ounces of gold, principally alluvial, had been 安全な・保証するd. Alluvial 探検者s were permitted to work within 20 feet of a 暗礁. The water and food difficulty now became a serious one, and many of the 鉱夫s, 特に those who had not been successful, were compelled to make their way 支援する to Southern Cross, 布告するing to all they met that the field was a 失敗. As the hot 天候 proceeded, everyone was driven away through want of water, so that by the end of the year Coolgardie, for the time 存在 at all events, was almost 砂漠d.
(*Footnote. West Australian 21 September 1892.)
心配するing that the 急ぐ would 始める，決める in again with even greater 軍隊 as soon as the summer was over, Warden Finnerty 勧めるd the 政府 to excavate large 戦車／タンクs along the 跡をつける and take 対策 to 保存する the rains that fell upon the large granite outcrops, so that the water difficulty might be, at any 率, 少なくなるd during 未来 乾燥した，日照りの seasons. His 予測 of an influx was more than realised. にわか雨s of rain fell over the eastern 地区s in March, and within a few days there were over 300 men at Coolgardie. From all parts of the 植民地, 同様に as from outside, they hurried to try their luck, riding or 運動ing if they could, walking if 基金s were low. The camel became for the time the most useful beast of 重荷（を負わせる） in Western Australia. By the end of 1893 there were nearly 700 in the 植民地, and up to the 開始 of the Coolgardie 鉄道 it was no uncommon sight to see trains of eighty, ninety, or a hundred camels, 負担d with 準備／条項s and other 必要物／必要条件s, wending their way slowly through Perth on their 疲れた／うんざりした tramp to the goldfield.
Coolgardie by this time began to assume the 割合s of a little town. Building 木材／素質 存在 unprocurable on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す, and very expensive to bring from Perth, most of the structures were でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるs covered with hessian or galvanised アイロンをかける, and some no more than modest bush 避難所s. 蓄える／店s of all 肉親，親類d were opened, and, needless to say, a 十分な number of hotels. Although unimposing from an architectural 見地, the little 郡区 in those days 供給するd more excitement than probably any 位置／汚点／見つけ出す in Australia. Bayley's （人命などを）奪う，主張する continued to give sensational returns, and from time to time pockets of gold of 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の value were discovered by lucky 鉱夫s, some of whom in a 選び出す／独身 day would become the fortunate possessors of hundreds of ounces. Messrs. Sylvester, Browne & Co 購入（する）d for a fortune the （人命などを）奪う，主張する of Bayley and Ford, and also 安全な・保証するd another rich find made by McFarlane and Robinson some two miles south of Coolgardie. 賃貸し（する）s were 適用するd for and prospecting for alluvial carried on over a 速く 延長するing area. By the end of June there were over 2000 men on the field, with hundreds more on the way. Food 供給（する）s failed, and for days at a time men lived 主として on 保存するd meats--colloquially, "tinned dog." This dearth of fresh food, 連合させるd with a poor water 供給（する） and an almost entire absence of sanitary 警戒s, 追加するd typhoid fever to the other tribulations, and many of the 早期に 開拓するs went 負かす／撃墜する before its virulence.
The presence of so large a 団体／死体 of men, all eager in the search for gold, meant that prospecting was carried on over a wide and 速く 拡大するing tract of country. In May a prospector 指名するd 霜 discovered 指示，表示する物s at a place called, from its distance from Coolgardie, the Ninety-Mile, but now known as Goongarrie. There was a small 急ぐ to the locality, but the finds were not 十分な to keep the men there, and they returned to Coolgardie. The next 急ぐ was to "開始する Youle," supposed to be the 現在の 開始する Gledden, some fifty miles to the north-east. About a hundred men hurried off to the 場所／位置, but most of them returned without reaching it, 借りがあるing to a growing 有罪の判決 that the 急ぐ had been 扇動するd by the storekeepers in the 利益／興味s of 商売／仕事. No sooner had they reached Coolgardie than they were off again to Lake Lefroy, some forty miles to the south-east, where good 発見s were said to have been made. In fact, so 激しい was the excitement that within a few hours of a rumour that gold had been 設立する somewhere, a party of diggers 始める，決める out to 実験（する） it.
From the 急ぐ to 開始する Youle, shrewdly 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑うd to be a hoax, arose the second 急ぐ on the Yilgarn field, and the most important gold-耐えるing area hitherto discovered in Western Australia--Hannans--later to be known to all the world as Kalgoorlie. Its 発見, like that of most rich goldfields, was in a 手段 偶発の. Messrs. Hannan and Flannigan were two members of a small party on the way to 開始する Youle. Through want of water the party （軍の）野営地，陣営d at 開始する Charlotte for a couple of days while the teams returned to Coolgardie for a fresh 供給（する）. Rain 落ちるing in the 合間 the party 押し進めるd on, leaving Flannigan and Hannan behind. Flannigan, it appears, while looking for the horses 設立する a couple of nuggets, and induced Hannan to remain with him. In a few days they had over 100 ounces. Hannan then returned to Coolgardie, and on 17 June--a Saturday--適用するd for a reward （人命などを）奪う，主張する. によれば usage the 使用／適用 was 地位，任命するd up outside the Registrar's Office about nine o'clock that evening, and of course was soon public 所有物／資産／財産. As Coolgardie had drawn 事実上 all Southern Cross, so Hannans drew all Coolgardie, until the place was almost 砂漠d. Saturday night and Sunday they moved out, and before the middle of the week over 750 men were busy fossicking 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Hannan's find. At first there were no sensational 暗礁s discovered such as Bayley's; all the gold was alluvial, and there was 十分な of it to 占領する attention. But while many of the 鉱夫s were successful, there were numbers who did not make a 明らかにする 存在, and in a few weeks returned to their former 占領／職業s at Coolgardie. Many were the instances of 苦しめる on the goldfields in those 早期に days. Hundreds of men arrived with poor outfits, few 準備／条項s, and no money. Unless they 設立する gold--or charity, and charity was often the more easily 設立する--餓死 星／主役にするd them in the 直面する. 病気 was はびこる, and Hannans, like Coolgardie, took its （死傷者）数 in human life.
The neighbourhood of the 現在の town of Bardoc, where two prospectors, Cashman and 物陰／風下, 安全な・保証するd 1000 ounces in a few weeks, was the next scene of excitement, and then followed the unfortunate Siberian 急ぐ. In October Messrs. 霜 and Bonner 適用するd for a reward （人命などを）奪う，主張する in a desolate 地区 指名するd Siberia, supposed to be about seventy-five miles north-west of Coolgardie. They showed about 40 ounces of gold they had 安全な・保証するd from there, and somehow a rumour 伸び（る）d ground both at Coolgardie and Hannans that a fabulously rich find had been made. Quickly over a thousand men were 急いでing through the waterless tract toward the place. Only those who had been through to the Ninety-Mile had any idea of its direction; the others 信用d to chance. Few carried more than a water-捕らえる、獲得する, and there was no water on the way. 災害 自然に followed. A few got through only to be disappointed, many wisely turned 支援する; but some, attacked by かわき, and with no knowledge of the way, wandered into the bush and were lost. Only the 派遣（する） of 救済 parties saved numbers of others.
News that all was not 井戸／弁護士席 with the parties on the way to Siberia reached Coolgardie a few days after they had 始める，決める out, and Mr. Renou, the engineer in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the 政府 water 供給（する）, すぐに sent teams 負担d with water along the road with 指示／教授／教育s to deposit the 戦車／タンクs at known 行う／開催する／段階s, and then use every means not only to let the prospectors know where water could be 安全な・保証するd, but to induce them to return, as the 地区 they were making for was 絶対 destitute of fresh water. This 誘発する 活動／戦闘 saved many lives, but even as it was several deaths occurred. At least ten were accounted for, and in all probability the bones of others still 嘘（をつく） bleaching on the plain.
This was the last sensation of 1893. By the end of the year work was 刻々と 進歩ing throughout the さまざまな 地区s, the total 生産（高） of gold 存在 valued at 421,385 続けざまに猛撃するs,* of which Yilgarn and its 支店s accounted for 287,829 続けざまに猛撃するs. Dundas was 布告するd a separate goldfield in August, but its 生産（高） for the year was only valued at 562 続けざまに猛撃するs. Had it not been for the scarcity of water, the results from the Yilgarn area would probably have been larger, as many more men would have been attracted to the field. The water difficulty undoubtedly retarded the 早期に 開発 of the 地区, a fact which the 政府 was not slow to recognise, as may be seen by the money spent in the erection of dams and soaks to 保存する whatever rain might happen to 落ちる.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
To some extent the 発見 of Coolgardie 行為／法令／行動するd 逆に upon the other fields, as many of the 鉱夫s left in the hope that on the Yilgarn field they might be able to 株 in some of the sensational finds. The returns from the Murchison, Pilbara, Kimberley, and Ashburton 地区s were all smaller than in the previous year, but in some places, 特に on the Murchison, 暗礁-採掘 was 存在 undertaken as a serious 産業. 機械／機構 was 輸入するd and 殴打／砲列s were 築くd. 軸s were sunk and 暗礁s 完全に 実験（する）d, and at the end of the year the field showed much more 証拠 of permanence than Coolgardie. To encourage 沈むing, and so definitely 計器 the 可能性s, the 政府 at the beginning of 1893* 申し込む／申し出d a 特別手当 to those who would 沈む 軸s to a greater depth than 100 feet--2 続けざまに猛撃するs 10 shillings per foot between 200 and 300 feet. In all, eleven persons （人命などを）奪う，主張するd the reward--six at Yilgarn, one at Coolgardie, and four on the Murchison.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1893 page 18.)
The 開発s during 1894 far 越えるd those of 1893. The returns 機動力のある from 110,890 ounces to 207,131 ounces, nearly 二塁打; and where the 全住民 増加するd by 6390 in the former year, the 新規加入s numbered 17,008 in the latter.* 鉄道s were opened to Southern Cross from Northam and to Mullewa from Geraldton. 機械／機構 was 築くd on many of the 地雷s, and not いっそう少なく than a hundred companies with a 名目上の 資本／首都 of nearly 9 million 続けざまに猛撃するs 登録（する）d in London to work them, while in the 植民地 itself something like seventy were formed. A separate 地雷s Department was 設立するd at the end of the year, so that the whole 産業 might be under proper 監督 and 支配（する）／統制する.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
As soon as the summer of 1893/4 was over, the stream of 移民／移住 to the goldfields again started. Prospecting was 活発に carried on, and all through the year there were constant 報告（する）／憶測s of more or いっそう少なく sensational finds throughout the whole Eastern 地区 goldfields. Hall and Speakman discovered 開始する Jackson, to the north of Southern Cross; rich alluvial was 設立する at the Pinnacles, north-east of Coolgardie, in February, and in a short time over 1000 ounces 安全な・保証するd, while a 類似の 量 followed from another find at Billy Billy. 発見s at Bardoc, Kurnalpi, Bulong, White Feather (Kanowna) 幅の広い Arrow, and other places were 報告（する）／憶測d in quick succession; in fact, finds innumerable over the whole field were 報告（する）／憶測d during the year.
The 広大な／多数の／重要な sensations of 1894 were, however, the 発見 of the Londonderry and Wealth of Nations 地雷s and the 地区 of Menzies. The Londonderry find was made in June by a prospecting party consisting of Messrs. Carter, Dawson, Mills, Gardiner, Elliot and Huxley, who had been out many months without finding a colour, and were on their way 支援する to Coolgardie. やめる by 事故, rich quartz was 選ぶd up by two of the party, and after a 簡潔な／要約する search the outcrop of a 暗礁 was exposed, from which during the first three or four days they took between 4000 and 5000 ounces. One 見本／標本, "Big Ben," was 概算の to 含む／封じ込める gold to the value of 3500 続けざまに猛撃するs. After working in secret as long as was 安全な, some of the party remained on guard while the others returned to Coolgardie, and after 宿泊するing 4280 ounces at the Union Bank 適用するd to the Registrar for a 賃貸し（する） of the Londonderry 地雷. There was tremendous excitement, 特に when その上の work on the 地雷 seemed to 証明する its fabulous wealth. In September the discoverers sold the 地雷 to Lord Fingall for 180,000 続けざまに猛撃するs and a sixth 利益／興味. Unfortunately the その後の 開発 of it did not realise the 期待s formed. Having been floated for 700,000 続けざまに猛撃するs, the company had difficulty at the start 借りがあるing to the 地雷 存在 jumped through failing to 従う with the 規則s. When this was 打ち勝つ and work 現実に started, the rich 石／投石する 削減（する） out very quickly and left 鉱石 of only very inferior grade.
The Londonderry sensation was （太陽，月の）食／失墜d a couple of months later by the 発見 of what the newspapers 述べるd as a "mountain of gold." The lucky finder was a prospector 指名するd J.G. Dunn, who had been on prospecting 小旅行するs throughout most of the goldfields since 1890. After making several 発見s of more or いっそう少なく importance, some of which he 性質の／したい気がして of for a 相当な 人物／姿／数字, Dunn, who was 事実上の／代理 on に代わって of a Western Australian 企業連合（する）, left Coolgardie with two Afghans on another trip. After going about twenty-eight miles he （機の）カム upon a large outcropping 暗礁, from which on breaking the cap he 抽出するd a 見本／標本 of quartz 重さを計るing 189 続けざまに猛撃するs and 含む／封じ込めるing 800 ounces of gold. The whole lode glistened with the precious metal, and to it he gave the 指名する "Wealth of Nations." In a very few days he 安全な・保証するd over 20,000 続けざまに猛撃するs 価値（がある）, and leaving the Afghans in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 returned to Coolgardie, where he 宿泊するd 11,200 続けざまに猛撃するs 価値（がある） of gold in the bank and 適用するd for a 採掘 賃貸し（する）. Though he tried to keep his 発見 secret, in a few hours there were over 500 men out on the 跡をつける looking for the locality. After they 設立する it, the whole neighbourhood was quickly pegged out, and only police 保護 saved Dunn's find from 存在 （警察の）手入れ，急襲d. Within six months the Wealth of Nations 暗礁 was sold for 147,000 続けざまに猛撃するs; but, as in the 事例／患者 of so many 明らかに rich 暗礁s, その上の 開発 failed to 耐える out 期待s.
The third remarkable 発見 was made by Messrs. Menzies and McDonald, experienced man who left Perth after the excitement raised by the Wealth of Nations and 押し進めるd out northerly from Coolgardie through White Feather, 黒人／ボイコット 旗, and the Ninety-Mile to a 位置／汚点／見つけ出す several miles さらに先に on. There they discovered a 暗礁 of かなりの 約束 and pegged out two （人命などを）奪う，主張するs--the Lady Shenton and the Florence. On 適用するing for the 賃貸し（する）s at Coolgardie the usual 急ぐ to the locality took place, and still another 採掘 （軍の）野営地，陣営, now known as the town of Menzies, sprang into 存在.
Apart from the 採掘 発見s, though certainly in consequence of them, the 開発 of the 植民地 during 1894 was very pronounced. The Northam to Southern Cross 鉄道, the construction of which was 認可するd in 1891, was opened to traffic in July 1894. The 知恵 of building it was 疑問d by many, and if it had had to depend on the Yilgarn field alone for 歳入 their 恐れるs would probably have been 正当化するd; but with that good fortune which often …に出席するs bold spirits, the 首相 had the satisfaction of knowing before it was opened that the 発見 of Coolgardie 事実上 確実にするd its success. In fact, no sooner was the line finished than 是認 was given for its construction to Coolgardie, and a 貸付金 法案 for 1.5 million 続けざまに猛撃するs passed to 供給する the money for that and other 作品.
By this time Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie had not only become the centres of 約束ing 採掘 地区s, but were 公正に／かなり large and more or いっそう少なく settled towns. The old Yilgarn field was 分裂（する） up into four 採掘 centres--Yilgarn, Dundas, Coolgardie, and East Coolgardie (with （警察，軍隊などの）本部 at Kalgoorlie). Coolgardie was 布告するd a municipality in July,* Mr. J. Shaw 存在 the first 市長; and Kalgoorlie followed 控訴 in May 1895** (Mr. John Wilson, 市長). On the Murchison field the Geraldton to Mullewa line was 完全にするd in November and an 拡張 to Cue 認可するd and 開始するd in March 1895.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 政府 Gazette 1894 page 629.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 1895 page 259.)
From 1894 採掘 in Western Australia has been remarkable, not so much for new 発見s of a sensational character as for 安定した 開発. It has been 除去するd from the 思索的な 段階, and become an 産業 of 広大な／多数の／重要な 割合s and 永久の value to the 明言する／公表する. Like all countries where gold has been discovered, the 植民地 had its period of "にわか景気ing," which started in 1894 and continued with 増加するing 軍隊 throughout 1895 and 1896. Almost anything Western Australian to which the 指名する of gold 地雷 was 適用するd, or which was 据えるd in any of the 採掘 areas, was sure of 平易な flotation into a company either in London or in the eastern 植民地s. The result was that during those years 資本／首都 to the extent, it is said, of nearly 50 million 続けざまに猛撃するs was subscribed--and much of it was lost. 地雷s of admittedly "wild-cat" 種類 were easily floated as 本物の if they had the 指名する of Western Australia 大（公）使館員d to them and were supported by the 証明書 of some self-styled 専門家. The money subscribed rarely reached the 植民地; it usually drifted into the pockets of the promoters. That good 地雷s 存在するd--and still 存在する--has since been 証明するd; that Western Australia is one of the richest gold-耐えるing countries in the world may be seen from the returns; but the 可能性s of a 地雷 often did not enter into a promoter's 計算／見積りs, except on the prospectus--he looked not to the 地雷, but to the 株主s, for his gold. Such a 明言する／公表する of things 必然的に brought reaction--reaction from which the 植民地 has since 苦しむd 厳しく; but in those "wild and woolly" days, when 貸付金 money could be had for the asking and English 資本／首都 was 簡単に thrown into the 植民地, no one stopped to think of the evil days that must surely come. One good result the にわか景気 did have--it advertised the 植民地 more 広範囲にわたって and more 効果的に than anything else could have done.
Many of the 地雷s were not over-capitalised, and some of those that were have risen above their difficulties. These have all become good （株主への）配当-支払う／賃金ing 関心s and have 証明するd to the world that notwithstanding the machinations of unscrupulous promoters, the gold 存在するd in 量s more than 十分な to 支払う／賃金 for reasonable and 安全な 支出 in the way of 資本／首都.
How 大いに the 植民地 伸び（る）d in 全住民 through the 宣伝 of the にわか景気 may be seen from the fact that where the 全住民 in 1894 was 82,014, in 1897 it had reached 161,694.* These （機の）カム from all parts of the world, though 自然に most of them were emigrants from the other 植民地s of Australia. Their value could not be 概算の by numbers alone; the greater 割合 was composed of men for the most part in 早期に manhood or the prime of life, and 所有するd either of 資本／首都 or of that ability and energy which every country 願望（する）s to see within its 国境s. Their advent gave Western Australia an 資産 greater even than gold.
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
Apart from the general 開発 that was taking place and the wild excitement to 安全な・保証する a piece of 採掘 scrip, the 主要な／長／主犯 event in the 採掘 world of 1895 was the passing of a new Goldfields 行為／法令／行動する.* The old 行為／法令／行動する of 1886 had 要求するd constant 改正 to keep the 法律 abreast of the 産業, and many of its 準備／条項s, by change of circumstances, had become inoperative. The new 行為／法令／行動する, which was based on the 採掘 行為／法令／行動するs of the other 植民地s so far as they could be made to 適用する, 供給するd that 完全にする 記録，記録的な／記録するs of all 取引 should be kept by each 地区 Registrar, and that all 移転s, 賃貸し（する）s, and other 取引 with 地雷s would be 登録（する）d at the 地雷s Department in Perth. As this meant that no 処理／取引 could be operative until it had been 登録（する）d in Perth, it created a good 取引，協定 of 不満, and was the 原因（となる） of かなりの agitation during 1895 and 1896, おもに, 明らかに, because it meant that all 処理／取引s must leave the goldfields to be finally dealt with. The 準備／条項s of the 行為／法令／行動する were those usual in large 採掘 communities, and showed that the 政府, even though （刑事）被告 of animosity toward the fields, was doing all that was possible to place the 採掘 産業 on a 満足な 地盤.
(*Footnote. 59 Victoria Number 40.)
The year 1896 opened with brilliant 約束. The excitement of the にわか景気 was 事実上 at its 高さ, and the 影響s were seen as the year 進歩d by the enormous number of arrivals from other parts. Not alone was 明言する／公表する 商売／仕事 congested; the same was true in large 手段 of 私的な 事件／事情／状勢s. Perth, Fremantle, Kalgoorlie, Coolgardie, and Menzies were （人が）群がるd with people, hundreds of whom were unable to find better accommodation than the merest shakedown. Houses and 商売／仕事 前提s sprang up almost like 魔法 in and around Perth and Fremantle, and the 資本／首都, which in 1891 appeared little better than a 栄えるing village, became a 速く-growing city, alive with every description of 商売／仕事 利益／興味 and the 焦点（を合わせる） of 投機・賭けるs of 世界的な importance and magnitude. Fremantle became the busiest of ports, and at Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie were laid the 創立／基礎s of modern towns on the most up-to-date lines. As regards the 採掘 開発s, the year was eminently 満足な. New finds were continually coming to light, and closer attention to the known mineral localities was 増加するing the 量 of gold 回復するd by leaps and bounds. Two new goldfields--West Pilbara and North-East Coolgardie--were 布告するd, and 機械／機構 to the value of 364,706 続けざまに猛撃するs was 輸入するd. Some excitement was 原因（となる）d by the 発見 of a 暗礁 at Dandalup, on the South-West 鉄道 line, in the Darling 範囲s. As this was within fifty miles of Perth everyone was anxious for its success, but その上の 実験（する）ing 証明するd it to be a 失敗.
By the の近くに of the year it was evident that the にわか景気 had run its course, and that outside 資本／首都 had turned its attention どこかよそで. From then 採掘 became in Western Australia a serious 産業, 運命にあるd to 産する／生じる 広大な／多数の／重要な results, but probably never again to be the scene of such wildly exciting times. The newness had worn off and the people had become accustomed to its presence, so that from a historical point of 見解（をとる） its 利益／興味, except so far as it 与える／捧げるd to the general 福利事業 of the 植民地, had gone. 出来事/事件s more or いっそう少なく exciting occasionally arose, but they were the exception. One such occurred in 1898 over differences that arose under the Goldfields 行為／法令／行動する 1895 and its 規則s. 早期に in January a 論争 occurred between the alluvial 鉱夫s at Kalgoorlie and the 経営者／支配人 of the Ivanhoe 投機・賭ける Gold 地雷 which led to a serious 騒動, the 不安 延長するing to other places on the goldfields. The Goldfields 行為／法令／行動する of 1895, under Section 36, gave the alluvial 鉱夫s the 権利 to search for alluvial gold on 賃貸し（する）s, with 確かな 制限s. The 主要な／長／主犯 question in 論争 was whether or not there was a 暗礁 on the 賃貸し（する） of the Ivanhoe 投機・賭ける 企業連合（する）. The leaseholders considered it a 広大な／多数の／重要な hardship that the 行為／法令／行動する 確認するd the 存在 of 二重の 肩書を与えるs, those of the leaseholders and those of the （人命などを）奪う，主張する-支えるもの／所有者s. The alluvial 鉱夫s, on the other 手渡す, held that they had a moral and 合法的な 権利 to the alluvial gold, at whatever depth it was 設立する. Before a 決定／判定勝ち（する） on the 事例／患者 was given in the Warden's 法廷，裁判所, the 政府 passed a 規則 限界ing the depth to which alluvial could be worked to ten feet. The diggers were much incensed at this 規則, which they called "the 10-foot 減少（する）," and they 適用するd the sobriquet of "Ten-foot Ned" to the 大臣 for 地雷s. As regards the question of the 暗礁, the 政府 geologist 報告（する）／憶測d that there was as yet no proof of its 存在. The Warden's 決定／判定勝ち（する） in the 事例／患者 went against the alluvial 鉱夫s. The latter, however, paid no 注意する to this de cision and continued to enter on the 賃貸し（する）. Relations between the 企業連合（する） and the 鉱夫s then became so 緊張するd that several of the latter were 結局 拘留するd.* On 24 March Sir John Forrest visited Kalgoorlie to 会合，会う the 委任する／代表s of the alluvial 鉱夫s and hear their grievances; but on his 拒絶する／低下するing to 演説（する）／住所 the （人が）群がる which had gathered outside the hotel where the 会議／協議会 took place, some of the more excitable spirits became unruly, and on his way to the 駅／配置する the 首相 was somewhat 概略で hustled.** After much その上の 摩擦 the Ivanhoe 投機・賭ける 企業連合（する） agreed to take a 実験（する） 事例／患者 into the 最高裁判所. The 裁判，公判 took place in August, and the 決定／判定勝ち（する） of the 法廷，裁判所 was in favour of the alluvial 鉱夫s. A 嘆願（書） was then 今後d to the 政府 by the さまざまな 採掘 companies asking for the 廃止 of the 二重の 肩書を与える.*** In consequence of this a Select 委員会 was 任命するd, which （機の）カム to the 結論 that the 二重の 肩書を与える undoubtedly （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるd a 広大な／多数の／重要な hardship on the leaseholder.**** A 王室の （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 on 採掘, 任命するd in August 1897, which 報告（する）／憶測d in May 1898, had already 表明するd a 類似の 見解（をとる）.***** A new 採掘 行為／法令／行動する****** was その結果 passed, Sections 10 and 11 of which defined the relations between leaseholders and （人命などを）奪う，主張する-支えるもの／所有者s in a manner calculated to 避ける a 衝突 between their 各々の 利益／興味s.
(*Footnote. See とじ込み／提出するs of West Australian and Kalgoorlie 鉱夫 January and February 1898.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 25 and 26 March 1898.)
(***Footnote. Western Australian 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1898 容積／容量 2 Paper A12.)
(****Footnote. Ibid Paper A13.)
(*****Footnote. 王室の （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 on 採掘 報告（する）／憶測 pages 6 to 7 in Western Australian 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1898 Paper Number 26.)
(******Footnote. 62 Victoria Number 16.)
This was the most serious 事例／患者 of 抵抗 to 構成するd 当局 証言，証人／目撃するd on the goldfields. All the elements for a conflagration were 現在の, and only the 展示 of ありふれた sense and the attention to wise counsels on both 味方するs 妨げるd the occurrence of a second Eureka.
Another sensation was 供給するd toward the end of the same year by the 発見 on the part of Messrs. Bourke and Hunter of alluvial gold at Donnybrook, about 143 miles south of Fremantle. Small returns, both of alluvial and quartz gold, were 安全な・保証するd, and some attention was attracted to the place. その後の examination, however, 証明するd that as a gold-耐えるing 地区 Donnybrook was scarcely 価値（がある） consideration.
The 優れた feature of 利益／興味 in 地元の 採掘 since 1895 has been, and still is, the wonderful richness of that small belt of country lying between Kalgoorlie and the 玉石, known as the Golden Mile, from which gold has been taken in millions of ounces, and which still remains as the 主要な／長／主犯 gold-producing area in the 明言する／公表する. In it are 含む／封じ込めるd the Associated, Brown Hill, 広大な／多数の／重要な 玉石, Golden Horseshoe, Perseverance, Ivanhoe, and other 地雷s, all of which, though some are now on the 病弱な, have 与える／捧げるd handsomely to the 年一回の gold returns of Western Australia.
The growth of the 産業 from its inception in 1886 to the の近くに of 1900 may be seen from the に引き続いて （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, 人物／姿／数字s giving, perhaps, the best 指示，表示する物 of what the 発見 of gold has meant to the 植民地:*
COLUMN 1: YEAR.
COLUMN 2: FINE OUNCES.
COLUMN 3: VALUE IN POUNDS STERLING.
COLUMN 4: DIVIDENDS IN POUNDS STERLING.
1886 : 270 : 1148 : -.
1887 : 4359 : 18,517 : -.
1888 : 3125 : 13,273 : -.
1889 : 13,860 : 58,874 : -.
1890 : 20,402 : 86,663 : 1250.
1891 : 27,116 : 115,182 : 5326.
1892 : 53,271 : 226,282 : 1875.
1893 : 99,203 : 421,386 : 34,350.
1894 : 185,298 : 787,098 : 110,642.
1895 : 207,111 : 879,749 : 82,183.
1896 : 251,618 : 1,068,807 : 168,216.
1897 : 603,847 : 2,564,977 : 507,732.
1898 : 939,490 : 3,990,699 : 605,949.
1899 : 1,470,605 : 6,246,733 : 2,066,015.
1900 : 1,414,311 : 6,007,610 : 1,396,089.
(*Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 pages 949 and 965.)
Two of the problems which 直面するd the 政府 during these years were the 準備／条項 of proper 輸送（する） 施設s and the 取り付け・設備 of an 適する water 供給（する）. We have seen that no sooner was the 鉄道 完全にするd to Southern Cross than 手はず／準備 were made to continue it to Coolgardie. The first section of this line--to Boorabbin--was opened on 1 July 1896, and before it reached Coolgardie its 延長／続編 to Kalgoorlie was 認可するd. By the beginning of 1897 it was possible to reach the latter centre by rail. But the convenience did not stop there; いっそう少なく than two years later the train steamed into Menzies, and by 1903 one could get as far as Leonora. At the same time, 拡張s were 存在 押し進めるd 今後 on the Murchison field, Cue was joined to the 鉄道 system in 1898, and Nannine became a 鉄道 terminus in 1903. Since then その上の 拡張s have been made, all with the one 目的（とする）--to join the Murchison and eastern goldfields systems together, and so 供給する a 完全にする 宙返り飛行 serving all the 主要な／長／主犯 採掘 centres.
適する water 供給（する）, even as it was more 圧力（をかける）ing, was also more difficult of 業績／成就 than 鉄道 communication, and in the long run 伴う／関わるd even greater expense. The absence of water was the one 広大な／多数の／重要な drawback to 開発. The extreme heat of the summer and the want of proper water 供給（する） to mitigate both its 不快s and its dangers made it imperative that during the worst of the season 控除 from working 条件s should be 許すd to the 地雷s ーするために give the 鉱夫s a chance to recuperate. The 政府 was 自然に 非難するd for not taking 十分な steps to 対処する with the difficulty, and in some 手段 this 非難する was, in the 早期に days, rightly placed. In 1893 いっそう少なく than 15,000 続けざまに猛撃するs was spent on water 供給（する）, and this out of 貸付金 money. The 量 seemed to the 鉱夫s far too small, but they せねばならない have remembered that 植民地の 基金s were not inexhaustible, and かなりの 支出 was 存在 incurred in the construction of 鉄道s to serve the goldfields. As it was, two 戦車／タンクs 有能な of together 持つ／拘留するing a million gallons, 同様に as smaller ones, were excavated at Coolgardie. Others were built along the Ninety-Mile Road, and the soaks on 追跡（する）'s old 跡をつける were 改善するd. Boring also was undertaken at 開始する Burgess and Hannans in the hope of striking artesian water. By the end of 1895 there were 戦車／タンクs and dams scattered over the eastern goldfields with an aggregate capacity of over 13.5 million gallons, upon the construction of which 37,769 続けざまに猛撃するs had been spent.* But the 供給（する） was very far short of the 需要・要求する, and the 恐れる of a water 飢饉 was continually 現在の. By this time the fields had become more stable, and places like Coolgardie, Kalgoorlie, and other centres had become towns with some degree of permanency, and with organised 団体／死体s and 会・原則s to 表明する their needs. The question of 十分な water was one of the most imperative of those needs, and as time passed without any 限定された steps 存在 taken by the 政府, their method of asking became a dema nd rather than a request. When the 首相 visited the fields in November 1895** the 事柄 was placed before him in the strongest 条件. In his reply Sir John Forrest, after admitting the disabilities under which the fields 労働d, pointed out the extreme difficulty of the 状況／情勢. Before the idea of bringing 永久の water to the 地雷s could be considered, the 政府 must be 満足させるd that no artesian 供給（する） could be 安全な・保証するd, and that it was not possible to 供給する 十分な by the use of catchment dams. If, however, both these means failed, then the 政府 would be 用意が出来ている to bring ample water from the coast.
(*Footnote. 報告（する）／憶測 of the Public 作品 Department 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1896 容積／容量 2 Paper 25.)
(**Footnote. Kalgoorlie 鉱夫 23 November 1895.)
It quickly became 明らかな that the difficulty could not be solved either by boring or by 自然保護. 早期に in 1896 a water 飢饉 took place at Woolgangie, the （軍の）野営地，陣営 of those engaged on the 鉄道 construction, and water had to be 伝えるd by train from Northam, as in Coolgardie the condensing 工場／植物s were working at the highest 圧力 without 存在 able to 会合，会う the necessities of the town itself. The dams and 戦車／タンクs were 乾燥した，日照りの, and boring had been 設立する to be without result. 納得させるd that something of a 包括的な nature must be carried out, the Engineer-in-長，指導者, Mr. C.Y. O'Connor, to whose genius, energy, and boldness the 植民地 借りがあるs so much, brought 今後 a 計画／陰謀* for carrying water to the goldfields from the coast. すぐに, his suggestion was to build a 抱擁する 貯蔵所 on the Helena River 近づく Mundaring, in the Darling 範囲s, and to 伝える from there to Coolgardie by means of 330 miles of cast-アイロンをかける 麻薬を吸うs something like 5 million gallons of water daily. The 概算の cost, 含むing the necessary pumping 駅／配置するs, 麻薬を吸う 跡をつけるs, and receiving 貯蔵所 at 開始する Burgess, outside Coolgardie, was 2.5 million 続けざまに猛撃するs. The magnitude of this 計画／陰謀, perhaps the largest and most daring of its 肉親，親類d hitherto 試みる／企てるd in the world, created the greatest astonishment, 特に throughout the goldfields. 疑問s were 表明するd as to the 実現可能 of the idea, but these were 始める，決める at 残り／休憩（する） when it was 設立する that other 当局 やめる agreed with Mr. O'Connor that it was 完全に practicable and could be 首尾よく carried out.** The only question was whether the 植民地 would be 正当化するd in incurring the enormous expense 伴う／関わるd--whether, in fact, the permanence of the goldfields was 確かな . At this 行う／開催する／段階 the advantage to Western Australia of having a bold and 楽観的な 首相 was seen. When 議会 met in July the 計画／陰謀 was given a 目だつ place in the 政府 programme, and before the 開会／開廷／会期 の近くにd an 行為／法令／行動する*** was passed authorising a 貸付金 of 2.5 million 続けざまに猛撃するs to 会合，会う the expense. The actual work of construction was not, however, proceeded with until 早期に in 1898, the 介入するing time 存在 spent in 安全な・保証するing from English and other 専門家s その上の 確定／確認 of the soundness of the 計画／陰謀 from an 工学 point of 見解（をとる）, and of the practical results that would be 確実にするd.**** Once started, it was 押し進めるd on with 探検隊／遠征隊, and in January 1903 the first water from Mundaring Weir reached Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie. The water area within which the 計画／陰謀 operates is not wholly 限定するd to the eastern goldfields, but 延長するs from Guildford to Kanowna, serving both the goldfields and 農業の 地区s through which the 麻薬を吸うs pass. The Goldfields Water 供給（する）, as it is now 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d, has thus 完全に surmounted the water difficulty over a very large 部分 of the 乾燥した，日照りの area of inland Western Australia. Unfortunately, the engineer whose brain conceived the 事業／計画（する） did not live to see its fulfilment. The work, however, stands, a monument to his genius, and also an 証拠 of the 知恵 and foresight of the 首相 who for so many years was the benevolent despot of Western Australia--Sir John Forrest.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1896 容積／容量 1 Paper Number 10.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 9 pages 225 to 226.)
(***Footnote. 60 Victoria Number 12.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1898 容積／容量 1 Paper Number 21.)
But notwithstanding the 力／強力にする and 影響（力） of Sir John Forrest, the position of the 政府 during the years に引き続いて 1894 was by no means an enviable one. As a result of the 発見 of the Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie goldfields, an unparalleled wave of 繁栄 swept over the 植民地, bringing with it 大いに 増加するd 責任／義務s and いつかs very trying difficulties. The 異常な inrush of people into a country so little 用意が出来ている to receive them 原因（となる）d congestion in nearly every 支店 of 明言する／公表する work, and the fact that many of the newcomers were from more 進歩／革新的な places, and easily irritated when 事柄s were not 完全に to their liking, made the position of the 政府 even more irksome. This spirit of irritation against and 対立 to almost everything 提案するd by the 政府 was 特に manifest on the new goldfields, where the 鉱夫s seem to have thought that they had 解除するd the 植民地 from the slough of despond and were therefore する権利を与えるd to dictate its 政策. This 対立 to the 設立するd order of things grew into a goldfields versus coast agitation, which has 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd with 変化させるing intensity ever since, and on more than one occasion shown itself inimical to the best 利益／興味s of the 明言する／公表する. It must be 認める that this feeling was 強化するd by the 態度 of the Western Australians themselves, a section of whom regarded "t'othersiders" as 階級 部外者s, who せねばならない be 十分に thankful for 存在 許すd to remain within the western 楽園. While nothing but 賞賛する can be bestowed upon those of the 早期に days who strove to ひったくる Western Australia from wildness and make it a place fair to look upon, the 植民地's real 開発 started only after the gold 発見s, and the 植民／開拓者s せねばならない have welcomed with open 武器 the men 所有するing the brain and sinew necessary to turn those 発見s to profitable account. A better commingling of the two elements in those 早期に goldfields days would have saved the 植民地 from many difficulties.
The 政府 met with its first check during the 開会／開廷／会期 of 1895, when the Leader of the 対立, Mr. George 漏れる, though with but a small に引き続いて behind him, moved a want of 信用／信任 投票（する） in the 省 over the education question.* It was never put to the 投票（する）,** as Sir John Forrest, after a somewhat warm 審議, agreed to を取り引きする the 事柄; but it had more than a little 影響, as before the end of the year an Education 行為／法令／行動する*** on modern lines was passed and the old system of ecclesiastical 認めるs for 教育の 目的s 廃止するd.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 8 page 395.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 420.)
(***Footnote. 59 Victoria Number 27.)
The spirit of 対立 on the part of the goldfields became crystallised over the 予算 提案s of 1895. The 歳入 for the year ending 30 June had been 1,125,940 続けざまに猛撃するs or 252,290 続けざまに猛撃するs in 超過 of the 見積（る）,* a 条件 of things which the 鉱夫s, perhaps rightly, せいにするd to their presence in the country. They were その結果 不満な when the 提案s for 1895/6 were not so 自由主義の toward the goldfields as they 推定する／予想するd. A Goldfields 国家の League was formed with the 反対する of 是正するing their grievances, which went さらに先に than the question of 支出, and embraced the 行政 of some of the 政府 departments, 同様に as strong 批評 of the 採掘 法律s.**
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 8 page 554.)
(**Footnote. Kalgoorlie 鉱夫 4 November 1895.)
批評 of departmental 行政 was not 限定するd to the goldfields. The whole community was 苦しむing from the ineptitude 陳列する，発揮するd, and 不満 was 普及した. There was not a 政府 department which had to do with communication, 輸送（する）, or 商業の 事件／事情／状勢s 一般に that was not 圧倒するd by the 急ぐ of 商売／仕事.
So 広大な／多数の／重要な was the 拡大, 予定 to 採掘 and other 処理／取引s, that the Telegraph Department 設立する itself 直面するd with an accumulation of messages far beyond its 力／強力にする to 対処する with. As 延期する oftentimes meant serious loss in 採掘 処理／取引s, many of which depended for their success on quick communication with London or the eastern 資本／首都s, public and 圧力（をかける） 告訴，告発s of incompetency on the part of the 行政の officers were ありふれた on the goldfields, and not unknown in Perth and Fremantle. To 追加する to the disorder, the lines between Eucla and Albany, and between Coolgardie and Perth, occasionally failed, and it いつかs happened that 電報電信s had to be 今後d to the 資本／首都 by rail! To 対処する with the difficulty, 議会 認可するd the construction of a new line from Coolgardie 経由で Dundas to Eucla.* This was not 完全にするd till late in 1896;** 一方／合間 the congestion in the telegraph office became 強めるd, and the trouble spread to the 地位，任命する office, 延期するs in the 配達／演説／出産 of correspondence becoming almost as irritating as the department's 無（不）能 to 扱う 電報電信s. The 当局 did all that was possible in the way of 増加するing the staffs in both departments, but with little result, as the buildings became overcrowded and 混乱 worse confounded.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 8 page 356.)
(**Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 9 page 860.)
To make 事柄s worse, the 鉄道 and Customs Departments reached the same 大混乱／混沌とした 明言する／公表する, so that every department engaged in transmitting communications or 扱うing 商品／売買する was 伴う／関わるd. In the 鉄道 Department the 不足 of rolling-在庫／株 was the 主要な／長／主犯 推論する／理由; in the Customs the absence of 利用できる space to 容易にする the 扱うing of goods. The whole difficulty, from whatever point it is 見解（をとる）d, 解決するs itself into the one fact--that the 植民地 did not 所有する 施設s for 取引，協定ing with a large and sudden inrush of 全住民 which was 全く 予期しない. To reasonable people this would have been a good excuse, 特に as the 政府 was sparing neither energy nor money to 会合，会う the 必要物／必要条件s; but the newcomers to Western Australia in those days, かわきing to 安全な・保証する the riches it had been 証明するd to 所有する, were far from reasonable, and looked upon the 当局 not as the servants of the people, but as the slaves of the goldfields. That it seemed impossible to 対処する with the telegraphic, 郵便の, 鉄道, and customs 商売／仕事 in those days must be 認める, but it is only fair to 追加する that the want of consideration shown to the 政府 did not help to smooth away the difficulties.*
(*Footnote. See speeches on 演説（する）／住所 in Reply 1896 Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 9 pages 44 et seq.)
In answer to the 抗議するs the 大臣 of 地雷s (Mr. E.H. Wittenoom) 認める* that the 地位，任命する and telegraph offices on the fields were far too small for the work they had to do, but pointed out that the Public 作品 Department was 速く 押し進めるing on with the erection of new ones. In regard to the other questions raised, it was みなすd politic that 大臣s should visit the whole 地区, and in November, Sir John Forrest travelled over the eastern and Mr. Wittenoom the Murchison fields. With "the soft answer that turneth away wrath" both 大臣s 後継するd for the time in かなり 静めるing the irritation, Sir John going so far as to foreshadow the bringing of ample water from the coast and an 増加する in the number of goldfields' 代表者／国会議員s in 議会. The 約束 of water was, as we have seen, fully redeemed, and in the 開会／開廷／会期 of 1896 the question of 増加するing the goldfields' 代表 in 議会 was also discussed.
(*Footnote. Ibid 24 October 1895.)
But before that arrived, the congestion, 特に in the 鉄道 Department, had grown more 激烈な／緊急の, and loud murmurs of 不満 arose from the merchants of Perth and Fremantle, who complained that traffic was utterly disorganised. The Morning 先触れ（する）, a new 主要都市の daily, attacked the 当局 堅固に, and even the West Australian made dignified though guarded （民事の）告訴s.* A public 会合 held in Perth in February 1896,** and 演説（する）／住所d by 影響力のある men, 厳しく criticised the 鉄道, telegraph, and 郵便の 行政s, and ばく然と 非難するd the 首相 for the 鉄道 trouble on the ground that he had 削減（する） 負かす／撃墜する the departmental 見積（る）s for rolling-在庫／株. Resenting the imputation, Sir John Forrest 強制的に replied to his detractors, and pointed out that rolling-在庫／株 was then on order to the value of 300,000 続けざまに猛撃するs more than had been authorised by 議会.*** The Commissioner of 鉄道s (Mr. Venn) took exception to some of the 首相's 声明s, as he considered they 反映するd upon his 行政, and in a letter to Sir John complained that the latter had not shown that esprit de 軍団 usual between members of a 政府. He 競うd that when 攻撃する，非難するd in the 圧力（をかける） he (Mr. Venn) had defended the 政府 at the expense of himself as Commissioner of 鉄道s, when the real facts were that the whole trouble could have been 回避するd if the 首相 had not 辞退するd to place his request for 330,000 続けざまに猛撃するs 価値（がある） of rolling-在庫／株 on the 貸付金 見積（る）s for 1894, even though 勧めるd to do so by the Engineer-in-長，指導者.****
(*Footnote. See とじ込み／提出するs of West Australian and Morning 先触れ（する） January and February 1896.)
(**Footnote. West Australian 26 February and Morning 先触れ（する） 26 February 1896.)
(***Footnote. West Australian 28 February 1896.)
(****Footnote. West Australian and Morning 先触れ（する） 29 February 1896.)
Unfortunately, Mr. Venn, in his haste to （疑いを）晴らす himself, 手渡すd a copy of this letter to the 圧力（をかける） for 出版（物）. This 活動／戦闘 減ずるd the whole question to the level of a personal quarrel between Sir John Forrest and Mr. Venn. The 首相 thanked the Commissioner for his past services, regretted that he should have to 切断する his 関係 with the 政府, and requested his 辞職. This Mr. Venn 拒絶する／低下するd to give, as he wished to 正当化する himself to the 閣僚 from the departmental とじ込み／提出するs. Sir John then asked a second time, pointing out that to 辞退する was 憲法違反の; but Mr. Venn held to his first 決定／判定勝ち（する）. The 首相 then telegraphed to the 影響 that the 閣僚 was 全員一致の in 要求するing the 辞職, to which the Commissioner tersely replied, "Death rather than dishonour." The next step was taken on 9 March, when the 首相 知らせるd his 同僚 that unless he received a reply--in other words, a 辞職--by 9 o'clock that night he would feel at liberty to take whatever steps he might みなす necessary. Unfortunately, Mr. Venn did not receive this 公式文書，認める until after the time について言及するd, but he すぐに 知らせるd Sir John that he would make a 声明 next morning. Sir John, however, when no answer （機の）カム by 9 o'clock, showed a little of Mr. Venn's precipitation, and made 確かな 声明s to the 圧力（をかける） which （判決などを）下すd その上の 交渉 impossible. The same night, therefore, he transmitted a 覚え書き to Mr. Venn to the 影響 that the 知事 had 解任するd him from office and from 会員の地位 of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議. His Excellency, said Sir John, regretted that such a course was necessary, but considered that Mr. Venn had brought it about by his 拒絶 to 辞職する.
Mr. Venn, though 解任するd, as it was phrased, "in his nightshirt,"* had no other course than to 受託する the 必然的な. He 明言する／公表するd that it had been his 意向 to 辞職する after making a 声明 to the 閣僚. The point was raised and 温かく 審議d as to whether the 首相 had 行為／法令／行動するd constitutionally. Of this, however, there can be scarcely any 疑問; but his 知恵 in taking such an extreme course may be questioned.**
(*Footnote. Phrase used by Coolgardie 開拓する; see Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 9 page 49.)
(**Footnote. The whole correspondence was published in the West Australian and Morning 先触れ（する） under dates 10 and 11 March 1896.)
The 空いている 大臣の地位 was by no means sought after, but 結局 Mr. F.H. Piesse was induced to 受託する it. For some time he was unable to 影響 any 改良 in the department, but 事柄s 改善するd as 付加 rolling-在庫／株 （機の）カム to 手渡す, and by the end of the year the trouble was fully 打ち勝つ. The same result was 達成するd by the 地位，任命する and Telegraph Department through the erection of new lines, 供給するing 付加 accommodation, and a better organised staff.
The 増加するd 議会の 代表 需要・要求するd by the goldfields was, as について言及するd above, 認めるd in 1896.* A new 州--the North-East--was 構成するd, thus 追加するing three 付加 members to the 法律を制定する 会議. At the same time the number of the 議会 was 増加するd to forty-five by the 設立 of new 選挙民s, the 大多数 of which were on the goldfields. The number of 閣僚 大臣s was also 増加するd to six.
(*Footnote. 60 Victoria Number 18.)
This 改正 to the 憲法 necessitated a 総選挙, which was held in May 1897, the results of which, contrary to 期待s, showed that not all the new 採掘 選挙区／有権者s were …に反対するd to the 政策 of the 政府. The 新規加入 of a new member to the 閣僚 連合させるd with the 退職 of others brought about the 再建 of the 省, so that by the end of the year the 首相 設立する himself the 単独の 生存者 of the 初めの 省 任命するd at the introduction of responsible 政府.
The year 1897 was not a year of prolific 法律制定. Apart from the break 原因（となる）d by the 選挙s, there were two 連邦の 条約s held--one in Adelaide and one in Sydney--at each of which the 首相 and nine other 委任する／代表s were 現在の; and Sir John was also absent from the 植民地 during the middle of the year, ーするために 代表する Western Australia at the diamond Jubilee 祝賀s of Her Majesty Queen Victoria in London. These interruptions made a long 開会／開廷／会期 impossible; その結果 two short 開会／開廷／会期s were held, the first of which did little more than pass 供給（する）s, while the second 占領するd itself in passing 決意／決議s to 示す a 未来 course of 活動／戦闘. 支払い（額） of members was 認可するd as a 原則,* and in 直面する of a no-信用／信任 動議 提案するd by Mr. 漏れる,** the 首相 約束d to 改訂する the 義務s so far as they 影響する／感情d foodstuffs,*** though it must be 認める that in doing so he had nothing to 恐れる from a 分割 on Mr. 漏れる's 動議.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 11 page 589.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 49.)
(***Footnote. Ibid pages 75 and 127.)
Before the 政府 met 議会 in 1898 a その上の rearrangement of 大臣の offices had taken place, 借りがあるing to Mr. Wittenoom having 受託するd the スパイ／執行官-Generalship. Mr. H.B. Lefroy became 大臣 of 地雷s, and Mr. George Randell 植民地の 長官. When 議会 opened, averred and 広範囲にわたる programme was submitted in the 知事's speech, but the 開会／開廷／会期 の近くにd without much of it finding a place on the 法令 調書をとる／予約する. In fact, an unkind critic might with 司法（官） 主張する that the 開会／開廷／会期 lasted longer and produced いっそう少なく result than any held since 議会 had been 構成するd. The Norseman and Leonora 鉄道 法案 and the Perth 深い Drainage 法案 were both 棚上げにするd till a more convenient season; the Education and 採掘 法案s were 孤立した; the 鉄道, 特許s, Public 作品, 貿易（する） Unions, and 選挙（人）の 法案s were never even heard of. The 主要な／長／主犯 対策 that were passed were the 関税 改正 (約束d the previous 開会／開廷／会期) 早期に の近くにing, Health, and Lands 行為／法令／行動するs, this last designed to 促進する 農業の 解決／入植地 along those lines which had always been 支持するd by Sir John Forrest. 政治上, the most important 行為／法令／行動する was the 改正 of the very ill-advised 採掘 規則 (Number 103) which had been the 原因（となる） of the Kalgoorlie 暴動 of 1898, already referred to. As usual in such 事例／患者s, a 妥協 was 影響d. The alluvial 鉱夫 was 許すd in the first place to make his search, and then had to give way to the 暗礁 鉱夫.*
(*Footnote. See 賭け金.)
Up to this time the introduction of foreign 採掘 資本／首都, the 緩和する with which 貸付金 money could be 安全な・保証するd, and an 洪水ing 財務省 chest had なぎd the 政府 into a sense of 財政上の 安全, and there was scarcely that 支配（する）／統制する over 支出 that was needed. With the reaction that followed the にわか景気 period, however, it became evident that closer 監督 was necessary. The first 公式文書，認める of this was sounded when the accounts of the 植民地 for the year ending 30 June 1898 were published. The 歳入, though large (2,754,747 続けざまに猛撃するs) was 253,253 続けざまに猛撃するs below the 見積（る）, while the 支出 reached 3,256,912 続けざまに猛撃するs--an 量 so far in 超過 of the 領収書s that it not only 吸収するd the accrued 黒字／過剰 of 315,362 続けざまに猛撃するs but left a debit of 186,803 続けざまに猛撃するs.* This called for rigorous retrenchment and the closest scrutiny of public 支出, unpleasant at any time, but 特に so to a people accustomed to 抱擁する 黒字／過剰s. The drift, however, continued throughout the に引き続いて year, the 処理／取引s of which showed a loss of over 60,000 続けざまに猛撃するs,** and was not stayed until 1900, when there was again a credit on the year's 操作／手術s of 260,000 続けざまに猛撃するs. 事柄s arising out of 行政 and the prominence given to the question of 連合 吸収するd the greater part of the 議会の 開会／開廷／会期 of 1899 and filled the pages of Hansard rather than the 法令 調書をとる／予約する, the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of 対策 存在 small in comparison with the length of the 開会／開廷／会期. The most important was a その上の 改正 of the 憲法*** 増加するing the number of the 法律を制定する 会議 to thirty by the 創造 of two new 州s--the 主要都市の-郊外の and the South-East--and raising the 会員の地位 of the 議会 to fifty by a 議席数是正 of seats and a rearrangement of 境界s. At the same time the franchise was 認めるd to women.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1898 Paper Number 22 page 8.)
(**Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
(***Footnote. 63 Victoria Number 19.)
In fact, the activities of 議会 during these years were 大部分は 充てるd to three 事柄s--the authorisation of 貸付金 支出 to 供給する 増加するd 施設s and better 条件s, the 拡張 of the 憲法 to give 代表 to new communities, and, に向かって the end of the period, discussion as to the advisability or さもなければ of Western Australia entering the 提案するd Australian 連合. Apart from these, the most important questions dealt with were those 関心ing 産業の 論争s and a broader land 政策. With regard to the former, an 産業の 調停 and 仲裁 行為／法令／行動する* on the lines of the New Zealand 手段 was passed, which 供給するd for the 解決／入植地 of 論争s first by a 調停 Board and, if that failed, by an 仲裁 法廷，裁判所 consisting of a 代表者／国会議員 of each 味方する 統括するd over by a 最高裁判所 裁判官. This 行為／法令／行動する was superseded by a more 包括的な 手段 passed in 1902. As 一般に happens with 実験の 法律制定, the 行為／法令／行動する has not altogether 実行するd 期待s, but, on the whole, has 証明するd a successful 革新. In the 事柄 of land 法律制定 the 首相 took advantage of the 力／強力にする which he had under responsible 政府 to bring into practice many of the ideas which he had 支持するd during 栄冠を与える 植民地 days. Through all the period of feverish 採掘 activity he never lost sight of the advantages that would accrue to the 植民地 through a wise and 進歩／革新的な 政策 of land 解決／入植地. Gold he looked upon as an uncertain factor at any time, but 農業 was a 永久の 資産, and if undertaken with vigour a never-failing source of 繁栄. The land 規則s of 1887 申し込む／申し出d 確かな 誘導s, but Sir John Forrest in 1893, with the Homesteads 行為／法令／行動する,** went far beyond anything even 示唆するd in the 規則s. Under that 行為／法令／行動する any person 存在 the 長，率いる of a family or a male over eighteen years of age who did not own more than 100 acres of land might select within 確かな 境界s a 解放する／自由な homestead farm of 160 acres, of which , 供給するd he 観察するd 確かな 条件s as to 改良s, he received the 料金 simple at the end of seven years. ーするために 補助装置 those who settled on the land, an 農業の Bank 行為／法令／行動する*** was passed in the に引き続いて year. Under this 行為／法令／行動する persons 改善するing their holdings may borrow on the value of the 改良s, so as to 延長する the sphere of their 操作／手術s. 納得させるd that even these 譲歩s were not 十分な to 確実にする 農業の 開発 on a large 規模, the 議会 in 1898 passed a 包括的な Land 行為／法令／行動する**** 強固にする／合併する／制圧するing and 修正するing previous 対策. By this 行為／法令／行動する land might be acquired under a 条件付きの 購入（する） system, upon 条件 that were so 平易な as to be within the reach of anyone 用意が出来ている to （問題を）取り上げる 選択s and develop them. The advantages of the system had not had time to give any appreciable result before the end of 1900, but その後の results have more than 正当化するd the 政策 of the then 首相, and have 証明するd that on the land question, as on so many others, he showed a 政治家's 知恵.
(*Footnote. 64 Victoria Number 20.)
(**Footnote. 57 Victoria Number 18.)
(**Footnote. 58 Victoria Number 21.)
(***Footnote. 62 Victoria Number 37.)
Economically, the ten years under review were those of the 植民地's greatest 拡大, an 拡大 予定 almost 完全に to the gold 発見s. Not alone did they 証明する that 広大な／多数の／重要な wealth lay in the country, but they brought to it an enormous 量 of 外資, and what was of infinitely greater value--the bone and sinew of other lands. 全住民 grew apace, 貿易（する） 拡大するd, old 産業s opened out and new ones arose--in fact, from 存在 a slow, backward, and 事実上 unknown community in 1891, Western Australia in 1900 was known the world over as a country of 巨大な wealth, of 進歩／革新的な ideas, and of almost boundless 可能性s. The 全住民 had risen from 53,279 to 179,708; the 歳入 of the 植民地 from 497,670 to 2,875,396 続けざまに猛撃するs and the 支出 from 435,623 to 2,615,675 続けざまに猛撃するs; the 輸入するs from 1,280,093 to 5,962,178 続けざまに猛撃するs and the 輸出（する）s from 799,466 to 6,852,054 続けざまに猛撃するs; and the area under 刈る from 64,210 to 201,338 acres. The 主要な／長／主犯 item of 輸出（する） was of course gold, followed by 木材／素質, the value of which during the ten years rose from 89,176 to 458,641 続けざまに猛撃するs.*
(*Footnote. 統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
In the general 開発 that was taking place through the altered 条件s, attention was drawn to minerals other than gold which the 植民地 was known to 所有する. 巡査 採掘, which had languished 借りがあるing to the cost of 輸送（する） and the expense of producing the 鉱石, was 生き返らせるd for a time until it was 設立する that the same 条件s as before continued to operate against its success. The tin fields at Greenbushes were also opened up, and at the end of 1900 had produced nearly 14,000 続けざまに猛撃するs 価値（がある） of that metal.* Coal 対策 which were known to 存在する in さまざまな parts of the 植民地 were 実験（する）d, more 特に at Collie, and as a result 地雷s were 設立するd which up to the end of 1900 had produced 176,000** トンs of coal and are now producing at the 率 of 320,000 トンs a year.
(*Footnote. Ibid.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 929.)
その上の, the gold 発見s drew attention to the fact that there were still large stretches of country in Western Australia of which nothing whatever was known, and 生き返らせるd that spirit of 探検 which had been so 目だつ a feature of the 植民地's 早期に history. In 1891 at the expense of Sir Thomas 年上の, a 科学の 探検隊／遠征隊, under the leadership of Mr. David Lindsay, was sent out from Adelaide for the 目的 of 診察するing those 部分s of the 内部の lying between the 跡をつけるs of Forrest, Gosse, Giles, and Warburton, while at the same time keeping a sharp 警戒／見張り for traces of Leichhardt's party. 借りがあるing to 長引かせるd 干ばつ it was impossible to carry out the 初めの idea, and the course of the 探検隊／遠征隊 was コースを変えるd to Fraser 範囲 and thence through Southern Cross up to the Murchison. 存在 井戸／弁護士席 equipped for 科学の 目的s, much was 推定する／予想するd from the 探検隊／遠征隊, but 借りがあるing to dissensions の中で the party the results were 事実上 of no value.*
(*Footnote. 定期刊行物 of 年上の 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊 1891 to 1892 Adelaide 1893 page 13.)
In 1896, L.A. 井戸／弁護士席s, who had been second in 命令（する） of the 年上の 探検隊／遠征隊, left Lake Way as the leader of the Calvert 探検隊／遠征隊 to 診察する the country between the East Murchison and Fitzroy rivers.* The 反対する of the 探検隊／遠征隊 was 達成するd, but during the course of their travels two members of it, sent out to 診察する new country, were lost in the bush and were afterwards 設立する to have 死なせる／死ぬd from かわき. The news that two of the party were 行方不明の led to a その上の 探検隊／遠征隊 存在 sent out by the 政府 under W.F. Rudall, which, though 不成功の in finding traces of the 行方不明の men, 安全な・保証するd a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of 付加 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 関心ing the northern part of the 植民地.**
(*Footnote. Calvert, A.F. 探検 of Australia 1844 to 1896 London 1896 page 321; Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 page 86.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian Year 調書をとる／予約する 1902 to 1904 pages 86 to 87.)
A third party left Lake Darlot in 1896, under the leadership of the Honourable David Carnegie,* and travelled in a north-eastern direction に向かって the South Australian 国境 in the hope of discovering either gold-耐えるing areas or good pastoral country. Except several very 孤立するd patches, no auriferous country was 設立する, and Carnegie 報告（する）／憶測d that the country could not be used for pastoral 追跡s 借りがあるing to the want of water.
(*Footnote. Carnegie, D.W. Spinifex and Sand London 1896.)
The 突発／発生 of the South African War in 1899 brought into 存在 a new 段階 of 植民地の 開発, and 影響する／感情d 事実上 all the dependencies of the British Empire. The 逆転するs 苦しむd by the British 武器 in the earliest 行う／開催する／段階s of that war, and the 不快な／攻撃 態度 可決する・採択するd by some 大陸の nations, roused in the 植民地s a spirit of 激しい 忠義 and patriotism, 連合させるd with a 願望（する） to be recognised as 構成要素 factors of the Empire in the wider sphere of world politics. 申し込む／申し出s of trained men were made to and 受託するd by the British 政府, and Western Australia readily took up her 株 of the 重荷（を負わせる）. 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 after 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 of 軍隊／機動隊s were sent out, and （判決などを）下すd 目だつ service throughout the （選挙などの）運動をする. Although compared with later events the 援助 （判決などを）下すd was comparatively trifling, its importance cannot be over-概算の, for while the 申し込む／申し出 to send help to Britain was a new 表現 of 植民地の patriotism, its 受託 was a fresh 開発 in 皇室の politics, 証明するing as it did that the 植民地s were becoming fitted to 請け負う some of the 義務s of nationhood. This fact has been その上の 強調d during the 最近の world war, from which foreign nations have learned the lesson that in the 直面する of danger the 皇室の まとまり of Britain is a reality to be always taken into account.
FEDERAL MOVEMENT IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
For very many years 事前の to the actual 就任（式）／開始 of the 連邦／共和国, the people of the さまざまな Australian 植民地s had been 見解（をとる）ing with 増加するing favour the conception of a federated or 部隊d Australia, although the earliest 提案 to bring about this result, put 今後 by Earl Grey in 1847, had met with strenuous 対立.* It was felt at the time that the 衝突 of 利益／興味s was too 広大な／多数の／重要な to make the amalgamation of the さまざまな 植民地の 政府s either possible or wise. It must be remembered that the main 全住民 of the さまざまな 植民地s was centred 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 資本／首都 cities, which were separated by long stretches of almost uninhabited country, with no communication between them except by sea or by road. This made it 極端に difficult to put 今後 any 固める／コンクリート suggestion that would 行為／法令／行動する with 司法（官） and fairness in questions relating to 法律を制定する 施設s and equal 権利s. Differences in what may be 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d 経済的な 法律制定 その上の accentuated this feature. For example, New South むちの跡s and Victoria were as wide apart as the 政治家s in 事柄s relating to customs 義務s, in fact, the "war of the customs" appeared to be an almost impassable 障壁 to the hopes of those to whom the idea of 連合 控訴，上告d as a factor に向かって the 創造 of a 広大な／多数の／重要な 皇室の union. However, the British 政府, recognising that the 未来 must bring with it wider 見解（をとる）s, 会社にする／組み込むd the 原則 of 連合 in the Australian 政府 法案 of 1850. The 知恵 of 含むing such 準備／条項 was 温かく 審議d in both Houses,* and only 後継するd in passing through the House of Lords by one 投票（する）. The arguments used led Earl Grey to 再考する the question, and he finally decided to omit the 条項*** (条項 30 of the 初めの 法案). In June 1851 Sir Charles Fitzroy, the 知事 of New South むちの跡s, received a その上の （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 as 知事-General of Australia, the 公式の／役人 階級 of all other Australian 知事s 存在 that of 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事. This その上の （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, 認めるd to the 支えるもの／所有者 o f the 知事／長官の職 of New South むちの跡s, was certainly not meant to be barren of 力／強力にする and 特権s, for the 知事s of other 植民地s were to be superseded in their 義務s by the 一時的な 住居 of the 知事-General in their 領土.****
(*Footnote. Rusden, G.W. History of Australia London 1883 容積／容量 2 pages 464 et seq.)
(**Footnote. Hansard third series 容積／容量 110 pages 800 to 806; 容積／容量 111 pages 1216 to 1227.)
(***Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 113 page 806.)
(****Footnote. Epitome of the 公式の／役人 History of New South むちの跡s Sydney 1883 pages 179 and 181; Earl Grey to Sir C. Fitzroy 13 January 1851; Sir C. Fitzroy to Earl Grey 23 June 1851.)
Sydney was the 連邦の 資本／首都, and it was only the strong 代表s of the 居住（者）s of Melbourne and Adelaide in regard to the inconvenience this would 原因（となる） which lead to these 力／強力にするs and 特権s 落ちるing into disuse. At this 行う／開催する／段階 it is idle to 推測する, but we may wonder what might have been the result if the five 資本／首都s had been connected by rail as they now are. The 独特の 肩書を与える of 知事-General in regard to the 知事 of New South むちの跡s was 保持するd until 1855.* It was not at any time more than an empty honour which carried no real 力／強力にする. The 出来事/事件 is おもに instructive as showing how 堅固に the 植民地の Office held to the 連邦の 感情 and how 明確に the 未来 was 輪郭（を描く）d.
(*Footnote. Ibid page 257.)
Although Earl Grey, probably 納得させるd that 連合 was premature at that 行う／開催する／段階 of Australian 開発, agreed to the deletion of the 連邦の 条項s from the 行為／法令／行動する of 1850, the idea of a 未来 連邦の 社債 was not wholly abandoned. For many years it seemed to be only the vague dream of a few visionaries, and やめる outside the realm of practical politics. The keen 競争 between the eastern 植民地s, which followed upon responsible 政府, only served to accentuate their differences--on 関税 questions 特に--and to 築く 障壁s of self-利益／興味. But even during that period thinking men 明確に recognised the 知恵 of ultimate 連合, and foresaw the time when the vague dream would become the "question of the hour." Wentworth, Deas Thomson, and Dr. Lang in New South むちの跡s, and Gavan Duffy in Victoria, kept the 連邦の idea alive, and a 一連の intercolonial 会議／協議会s held at 不規律な intervals between 1863 and 1883 served, by discussion of 事柄s of 相互の 関心, to 除去する some of the difficulties from the path.*
(*Footnote. Barton, G.B. Historical Sketch of Australian 連合 in Year 調書をとる／予約する of Australia 1891 pages 6 to 14.)
存在 a 栄冠を与える 植民地, Western Australia was debarred from 十分な 会員の地位 of these 会議／協議会s, but was 代表するd at the 会議／協議会s of 1881 and 1883, though the 委任する／代表 was 教えるd to 差し控える from 投票（する）ing. At the 会議／協議会 of 1881 a 法案 to 設立する a 連邦の 会議 of Australasia was brought 今後 by Sir Henry Parkes, but as a 動議 for its submission to the さまざまな 立法機関s 関心d failed to 安全な・保証する a 大多数, the 法案 was dropped.* A second 法案, 用意が出来ている by the Honourable (afterwards Sir) Samuel Griffiths was 現在のd to the 会議／協議会 of 1883, and after discussion 可決する・採択するd.** The necessary 法律を制定する 同意s--皇室の and 植民地の (New South むちの跡s excepted)--having been 安全な・保証するd, the 連邦の 会議 行為／法令／行動する （機の）カム into 操作／手術 in 1885. This was really the first 限定された step に向かって the 連合 of the Australian 植民地s.
(*Footnote. Minutes of 訴訟／進行s of 会議／協議会 in New South むちの跡s 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 議会 1880 to 1881 容積／容量 1.)
(**Footnote. Minutes of 条約 ibid 1883 to 1884 容積／容量 9.)
The members of the 会議 met in Hobart in 1886 for the first time, the 任命 of the 委任する／代表s to the 会議 having been 許可／制裁d by an 皇室の 行為／法令／行動する. The 計画（する） of 連合 did not 満足させる the wishes of Sir Henry Parkes,* who 持続するd that 統一 in the best sense would not be the 結果 of the 審議s of this 団体／死体, and he therefore promulgated a 競争相手 計画／陰謀 of a 包括的な nature. With his usual 決意, Sir Henry, who was now definitely committed to the 政策 of 連合, threw all his personal 影響（力） into the 計画／陰謀, and 安全な・保証するd for it that popular favour which alone could 命令（する） success, その為に （悲運に）運命づける the other movement to 失敗. The previous 態度 of Sir Henry Parkes toward the 連邦の 会議 of Australasia had been one that was not calculated to 奮起させる 信用／信任 in the minds of the statesmen of the other 植民地s, and his 成果／努力s at this period were 見解（をとる）d with some 疑惑 in Victoria. Only a short time 以前 he had 試みる／企てるd to appropriate the 国家の 肩書を与える of Australia for New South むちの跡s, and perhaps the 報告（する）／憶測 of General Edwards** on the need of 連邦の 活動／戦闘 in 国家の defence had a good 取引，協定 to do with the alteration of Sir Henry's 見解（をとる）s on the 支配する of 連合. 最終的に, however, all jealousies and difficulties were 打ち勝つ, and an Australasian 連合 会議／協議会 was held in Melbourne during February 1890. To what extent the success of the movement was 予定 to the splendid patriotism of Sir Edmund Barton, afterwards the first 総理大臣 of the 連邦／共和国, and subsequently 上級の Puisne 裁判官 of the High 法廷，裁判所, it would be hard to say. 沈むing all political differences of a 地元の nature, Barton threw himself heart and soul into the 連邦の agitation in New South むちの跡s, 証明するing that he 所有するd the large-heartedness of the 政治家 and the unselfishness of the true 愛国者.
(*Footnote. Lynne, C.E. Life of Sir Henry Parkes Sydney 1896 page 492.)
(**Footnote. Memorandum 含む／封じ込めるing 提案s for the organisation of the 軍の 軍隊s of the Australian 植民地s by General Sir J.B. Edwards in 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 会議 1889 開会／開廷／会期 3 Paper A8.)
At the 会議／協議会 of 1890 the far-reaching 提案s of Sir Henry Parkes 勝利d over the more timid suggestions of the 連邦の 会議, and the ideal of a federated Australia assumed a more 固める／コンクリート and 有形の form. A 決意／決議 was carried to the 影響 that, in the opinion of the 会議／協議会, the best 利益／興味s and the 現在の and 未来 繁栄 of the Australian 植民地s would be 促進するd by an 早期に union under the 栄冠を与える, and that the members of the 会議／協議会 should take steps to induce their 各々の 立法機関s to 任命する, during the year, 委任する／代表s, not 越えるing seven in number from each 植民地, 権力を与えるd to consider and 報告（する）／憶測 on an 適する 計画／陰謀 for a 連邦の 憲法.* The 法律を制定する 当局 of the previous 連邦の 会議 had no 疑問 覆うd the way for this larger 手段 of 進歩, and though the 招待 to the 会議／協議会 of 1890 must be credited to the 成果／努力s of Sir Henry Parkes, the earliest promulgation of the 幅の広い 原則s of 連合 was 予定 おもに to the 活動／戦闘s of the 連邦の 会議.
(*Footnote. 公式の／役人 記録，記録的な／記録する of 訴訟／進行s of the Australasian 連合 会議／協議会 1890 pages 19 to 20 in Victoria, 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 議会 1890 容積／容量 2.)
The 立法機関s of the different 植民地s 認可するd of the 提案 of the 会議／協議会, and 任命するd the necessary 委任する／代表s. These met in March 1891 under the 肩書を与える of the 国家の Australasian 条約. The 主要な／長／主犯 result of the 審議s of this 条約 was an 協定 upon a 草案 法案 for the 憲法 of the 連邦／共和国. However, the time was not yet 十分に 熟した for the 連合 of Australasia, and 特に in New Zealand and Fiji was this feeling pronounced. Neither of these 植民地s 受託するd the 憲法 as 草案d, and the 態度 they then 可決する・採択するd has been 保存するd by them ever since. It would also appear as if the 労働s of the 条約 of 1891 had been abortive, for in 非，不，無 of the 植民地s was the 草案 then drawn up 受託するd. Yet the 法案 formed to some extent the basis of the 憲法 which became 法律 nine years later--証拠 that the work of the 条約 had not been altogether in vain.
The position of Western Australia, as the least populous 植民地, was realised by all its 政治家，政治屋s, and it was recognised that any 計画／陰謀 of amalgamation would need very careful consideration before the opinion of the electors could be sought finally on this most important movement. The 広大な／多数の／重要な 拡大 予定 to the finding of gold in payable 量s helped to 強化する this 見解（をとる）, and the 表現 of Sir James 物陰／風下 Steere at the 条約 of 1890, that the 植民地 could not afford to sacrifice her 存在するing 関税,* was becoming more 堅固に 正当化するd. Thus at the 手始め the 異なるing 財政政策s of the さまざまな 植民地s, together with the fact that the two most populous--New South むちの跡s and Victoria--were diametrically …に反対するd, only made the position more difficult and embarrassing. During the four years に引き続いて the 国家の Australasian 条約 no active steps were taken in regard to union, though the question of a Federated Australia 占領するd a more or いっそう少なく 目だつ position in the minds of the people, who were 徐々に becoming educated in this most important 事柄.
(*Footnote. 公式の／役人 記録，記録的な／記録する of 訴訟／進行s of the Australasian 連合 会議／協議会 1890 page 40 in Victoria 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s of the 法律を制定する 議会 1890 容積／容量 2.)
In 1895, however, the question, which had been brought 今後 at a 開会／開廷／会期 of the 連邦の 会議 in Hobart two years earlier,* was again 熱心に scrutinised, and a 会合 of 首相s, called by the 首相 of New South むちの跡s, Mr. G. Reid, was held in the same city in January to discuss the question. After careful consideration of the whole 支配する, this 会議／協議会 decided upon a その上の 条約, which should be a 純粋に elective one, chosen by the electors in each 植民地, for the 目的 of でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるing a 憲法 under which it would be possible for the さまざまな Australian 植民地s to federate.** The then Western Australian 首相, Sir John Forrest, 反対するd to the 提案 of an elective 条約 to でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる another 法案 for the 目的 of union, 持つ／拘留するing that the 草案 連邦／共和国 法案 of 1891 should be first submitted to the 議会s of the さまざまな 植民地s 利益／興味d, and any 改正s made by them referred to a second 条約, to be 任命するd after a 総選挙.***
(*Footnote. 連邦の 会議 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1893 pages 16 to 17 and 23 to 24.)
(**Footnote. West Australian 2 February 1895.)
(***Footnote. Ibid.)
結局, however, Western Australia met the wishes of the other 植民地s, and in 1896 受託するd the 草案 of the Enabling 法案 用意が出来ている at the 首相s' 会議／協議会 by the 首相s of Victoria and South Australia.* This 法案 供給するd for a 条約 of ten 代表者／国会議員s from each of the conferring 植民地s, and these were 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d with the 義務 of でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるing a 連邦の 憲法. New Zealand took no active part in the 形式 of these 対策, though if that 植民地 願望（する）d it was to be 含むd in the 条約.** (*Footnote. Australian 連合 Enabling 行為／法令／行動する West Australian 1896 60 Victoria Number 32.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 9 page 845.)
The 準備／条項s of the Enabling 法案 were 受託するd by New South むちの跡s, Victoria, South Australia, and Tasmania, each of whom sent ten 代表者／国会議員s, to whom was given the onerous 責任／義務 of でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるing a 憲法 to 会合，会う the 変化させるing needs of the Australian nation. To this 条約 Western Australia also sent ten 代表者／国会議員s, but they were selected by the two Houses of 議会 sitting together, and therefore were only to a 確かな extent the chosen of the people.*
(*Footnote. Ibid page 848.)
The 条約, consisting of 委任する／代表s from all the Australian 植民地s except Queensland,* met in Adelaide in March 1897** and proceeded with the 仕事 of 準備するing a 憲法 法案 which it was hoped would be 許容できる to all the 植民地s, and would reconcile the many 相反する 利益／興味s that had hitherto 妨げるd the ideal of 連合 from reaching fruition. In the first 開会／開廷／会期 a 一連の 決意／決議s,*** based おもに on those of the 条約 of 1891, was moved by Mr. Barton, and after a 審議, which lasted for several days, was agreed to in the に引き続いて form:****
That ーするために 大きくする the 力／強力にするs of self-政府 of the people of Australasia it is 望ましい to create a 連邦の 政府 which will 演習 当局 throughout the federated 植民地s, 支配する to the に引き続いて 条件s:
1. That the 力／強力にするs, 特権s, and 領土 of the several 存在するing 植民地s shall remain 損なわれていない, except in 尊敬（する）・点 to such voluntary 降伏するs as may be agreed upon to 安全な・保証する uniformity of 法律 and 行政 in 事柄s of ありふれた 関心.
2. That after the 設立 of the 連邦の 政府 there shall be no alteration of the 領土の 所有／入手s or 境界s without the 同意 of the 植民地 or 植民地s 関心d.
3. That the 排除的 力／強力にする to 課す and collect 義務s of Customs and Excise and to give bounties shall be vested in the 連邦の 議会.
4. That the 排除的 支配（する）／統制する of the 軍の and 海軍の defences of the federated 植民地s shall be vested in the 連邦の 議会.
5. That 貿易（する） and intercourse between the federated 植民地s, whether by land or sea, shall become and remain 絶対 解放する／自由な.
支配する to the carrying out of these and such other 条件s as may hereafter be みなすd necessary, this 条約 認可するs of the でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるing of a 連邦の 憲法 which shall 設立する:
(a) A 議会 to consist of two Houses, すなわち, a 明言する／公表するs 議会 or 上院, and a 国家の 議会 or 衆議院; the 明言する／公表するs 議会 to consist of 代表者／国会議員s of each 植民地, to 持つ／拘留する office for such periods and to be chosen in such manner as will best 安全な・保証する to that 議会 a perpetual 存在, 連合させるd with 限定された 責任／義務 to the people of the 明言する／公表する which shall have chosen them; the 国家の 議会 to be elected by 地区s formed on a 全住民 basis; and to 所有する the 単独の 力／強力にする of 起こる／始まるing all 法案s appropriating 歳入 or 課すing 課税.
(b) An (n)役員／(a)執行力のある, consisting of a 知事-General, 任命するd by the Queen, and of such persons as from time to time may be 任命するd as his 助言者s.
(c) A 最高の 連邦の 法廷，裁判所, which shall also be the High 法廷，裁判所 Of 控訴，上告 for each 植民地 in the 連合.
(*Footnote. Queensland was not 代表するd at any of the 条約s.)
(**Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the Australasian 連邦の 条約 Adelaide 1897.)
(***Footnote. 訴訟／進行s of the Australasian 連邦の 条約 Adelaide 1897 pages 9 to 10.)
(****Footnote. Ibid page 36.)
As one of the 主要な／長／主犯 条項s in the above 決意／決議s vested 排除的 力／強力にする for the 課税 and collection of customs and excise 義務s in the 連邦の 議会, it became necessary to 明確に表す a 計画／陰謀 under which the 黒字／過剰 歳入, over and above 連邦の 必要物／必要条件s collected from these sources, should be returned to the individual 明言する／公表するs on an equitable basis. This, which was one of the 主要な／長／主犯 財政上の questions that arose, and which it was so difficult to 打ち勝つ, was 最終的に settled on the に引き続いて basis:*
1. Whilst the 存在するing 関税s in each 明言する／公表する still remained in 軍隊, each 明言する／公表する was to be credited with the 量 of 歳入 collected in it from the Customs and Excise 義務s and the 業績／成果 of services transferred to the 連邦／共和国. On the debit 味方する each 明言する／公表する was to be responsible in 尊敬（する）・点 to the 支出 on the Customs and other services, and also for its 割合 of the total cost of the 連邦／共和国 on a 全住民 basis, in regard to 純粋に 初めの 連邦／共和国 支出. The balance remaining to be paid 月毎の to each 明言する／公表する.
2. For a period of five years after the 設立 of Customs and Excise 義務s on a uniform basis the 支出 was to be 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d in the same way and the 歳入 and 支出 balanced on the basis of its income from these sources. However, the 連邦の 関税 and intercolonial 自由貿易 would bring about a peculiar 明言する／公表する in regard to the 消費 of dutiable goods, and an 交換 was so made that the 消費するing 明言する／公表する of such dutiable goods should be credited with the 義務 collected on such goods, even if the 義務 had not been 初めは paid in such 明言する／公表する.
3. After the period について言及するd, all 支出 was to be 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d and all 黒字／過剰 歳入 支出するd on a 全住民 basis.
(*Footnote. 国家の Australasian 条約 Adelaide 1897 公式の／役人 審議s pages 1067 to 1070.)
The 法案 was でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd on these lines, and when the 条約 延期，休会するd on 22 April it had certainly done much to bring about the 願望（する）d 連邦の 問題／発行する, and had 明確に defined the ways and means of 連邦の まとまり. Before the next 会合, which was held in Sydney in September, the 議会 of Western Australia had had the 適切な時期 of considering the 草案 of the 法案 and had 示唆するd a few 改正s.* It was thought necessary that before entering into the union a 保証（人） should be given for the return of 黒字／過剰 歳入 to each individual 明言する／公表する, and the 事情に応じて変わる 規模 of 配当 was struck out. Then, again, the House 反対するd to the method of ultimate 配当 of 歳入, and in the place of the per capita system it 示唆するd that of a return in 割合 to 出資／貢献. This question of the 配当 of 黒字／過剰 歳入 was one of 広大な／多数の／重要な importance to Western Australia, where, 借りがあるing to the 異常な 条件s 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるing, the 歳入 was 大いに out of 割合 to the 全住民, in which 事例／患者 a per capita return would mean a serious 財政上の loss.**
(*Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 10 pages 244, 259 to 275 and 292 to 301.)
(**Footnote. Quick, Sir J., and Garran, R.R. Annotated 憲法 of the Australian 連邦／共和国 Sydney 1901 pages 185 to 186.)
The 議会s of the other 植民地s also 演習d their 権利s of 批評, and when the 条約 組立て直すd in Sydney in September it was very 明らかな that the 変化させるing 利益／興味s of the 植民地s were still a long way from 解決／入植地. The position at first seemed almost insurmountable, 特に as the 異常な 条件 of 事件／事情／状勢s in Western Australia and the 存在 of a large unsettled 採掘 全住民 were factors that in themselves 要求するd special 治療. After discussion a 財政／金融 委員会 of the 条約 was formed to bring 今後 some suggestion by which the difficulty might be 打ち勝つ,* and on 24 September the 条約 延期，休会するd to 会合，会う for its final 開会／開廷／会期 on 20 January 1898 in Melbourne, by which time it was hoped the rough places would be made smooth.
(*Footnote. Australasian 連邦の 条約 Sydney 1897 公式の／役人 審議s page 21.)
The 開会／開廷／会期 which opened in January 1898 証明するd of some length, and it was 設立する that the 報告（する）／憶測 of the 財政／金融 委員会 事実上 逆戻りするd to the 計画（する） 提案するd in 1891, by which each 明言する／公表する was 保証するd of a return of 黒字／過剰 歳入 on the basis of its 出資／貢献s for five years, leaving the ultimate 方式 of 配当 to the 連邦／共和国 議会. To 会合，会う the 事例／患者 of Western Australia, a special 推薦 was made 供給するing that any 欠陥／不足 in the 比例する 量 in regard to that 明言する／公表する would be made good by the 連邦／共和国. As was 明確に to be 推定する／予想するd, this 見解（をとる） was not upheld in regard to the latter 提案, and it was decided that for a period of five years Western Australia would be 許すd to 課す 徐々に 減らすing customs 義務s on intercolonial 輸入するs.* The 草案 法案 as it now stood was 受託するd by the 条約, and nothing remained but that it should be submitted to a 国民投票 of the people, and then receive the final 批准 so far as Australia was 関心d.
(*Footnote. Quick and Garran Annotated 憲法 pages 197 to 199.)
The first 国民投票 was taken in June 1898. Western Australia did not 参加する, as there was a growing feeling that in many ways the 提案s as they then stood were not in the best 利益／興味s of the 植民地. The results showed that in four of the 植民地s the 法案 was 受託するd with 決定的な 大多数s, but that in the 事例／患者 of New South むちの跡s the total 投票（する） 投票d was below the number 要求するd.* At the request of the 首相 of New South むちの跡s, a 首相s' 会議／協議会, at which the 首相 of Queensland was 現在の, was held in Melbourne in 1899, and some 改正s were introduced into the 草案 法案** to 満足させる the wishes and in some 尊敬（する）・点s the vanity of New South むちの跡s, but the 譲歩s to Western Australia asked for by Sir John Forrest did not 会合，会う with the support of the 首相s.***
(*Footnote. Ibid page 213.)
(**Footnote. Ibid pages 218 to 220.)
(***Footnote. West Australian 14 February 1899.)
A second 国民投票 was now taken in New South むちの跡s, and the 採択 of the 修正するd 法案 was 安全な・保証するd.* So far the people of Western Australia had not been given the 適切な時期 of 表明するing an opinion on the question, but the 修正するd 法案 was laid before the 地元の 議会 in 1899** and a 共同の Select 委員会 was 任命するd to 報告（する）／憶測 upon its 影響 upon Western Australia.*** In its 報告（する）／憶測**** the 委員会 pointed out that several 保護（する）／緊急輸入制限s were 必須の before the 手段 could be 受託するd in Western Australia. These 保護（する）／緊急輸入制限s were 始める，決める out as four 改正s to the 憲法 法案, and it was 提案するd that these 改正s should be submitted to the people for an 表現 of opinion, together with the 法案 as it had been 受託するd by the people of the other five 植民地s. The 改正s were:*****
1. That the 植民地 should be enabled to divide itself into 選挙民s for the 上院 選挙s.
2. That the 連邦の 議会 should be 権力を与えるd to authorise the construction of a transcontinental 鉄道.
3. That for five years after the 採択 of the 連邦の 関税 Western Australia should be 許すd to 課す her own Customs 義務s on intercolonial and other 輸入するs.
4. That Western Australia should be 免除されたd for five years from the 裁判権 of the Interstate （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限.
(*Footnote. Quick and Garran Annotated 憲法 page 223.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 14 page 364.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 515.)
(****Footnote. Western Australian 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1899 容積／容量 3 Paper A10.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid pages 111 to 114.)
There is little 疑問 that these 改正s were でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd by the 委員会 in the hope that they would 妨げる Western Australia from entering 連合, even if it was not possible to 妨げる the submission of the 法案 to the electors. The 即座の result, however, perhaps not altogether foreseen, was to 誘発する public opinion against what seemed to be a wilful 無視（する） of the wishes of the people, most of whom, whether 連邦主義者s or not, were in favour of a 国民投票 存在 taken. The 連邦の League was formed, of which Mr. George 漏れる, who had been a member of the 条約s of 1897 and 1898, was elected 大統領. This League drew up what was known as the 法案 to the People 嘆願（書）,* which asked that the electors of Western Australia as a whole should be given the same 適切な時期 as those of the eastern 明言する／公表するs of 表明するing their opinion by means of a 国民投票. When the 嘆願（書） was 現在のd to 議会** it 含む／封じ込めるd something like 23,000 署名s,*** but it seems to have had no 影響 upon a 団体／死体, the 大多数 of whose members had already decided to put every possible つまずくing-封鎖する in the way of 連合. The 祈り of the 嘆願（書） was 消極的なd by both Houses with scant 儀礼,**** and although it was agreed by the 法律を制定する 議会***** that the 法案 and the Western Australian 改正s should both be submitted to the people, the 提案s were 拒絶するd by the 法律を制定する 会議.****** The impression created, 特に on the goldfields, was that the people were 存在 tricked, and this served to 追加する 燃料 to the already 存在するing Goldfields-Coast animosity. Several of the 原因（となる）s which led to this animosity, for example, insufficient 代表 and 不正な 採掘 法律s, have already been discussed. Other 原因（となる）s were differential 鉄道 freights, high 保護の 義務s, and the 拒絶 to 建設する the Esperance 鉄道. These in themselves produced a bitterness of feeling which the 最新の move of a 議会 in which they were not proportionately 代表するd served to accent uate. Comparisons were made between the 治療 of the goldfields community and that of the Uitlanders in South Africa, and a movement was 始める，決める on foot which developed into the 広大な／多数の／重要な "分離 for 連合" cry, which undoubtedly was the most important factor which led to the ultimate 無条件の submission of the 法案 to the electors.
(*Footnote. Western Australian 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1899 容積／容量 3 Papers A6 and 8.)
(**Footnote. Western Australian 議会の 審議s new series 容積／容量 14 page 1329.)
(***Footnote. Ibid page 1452.)
(****Footnote. Ibid 容積／容量 15 pages 2117 and 2726.)
(*****Footnote. Ibid page 2184.)
(******Footnote. Ibid pages 2725 to 2726.)
A 会議／協議会 was held at Coolgardie on 13 December 1899* at which 代表者／国会議員s of municipalities, the 議会 of 地雷s, 労働 unions, and other public 団体／死体s were 現在の. The grievances of the goldfields were discussed at length, and it was finally decided, by a 大多数 of 59 out of a total 出席 of 61 委任する／代表s, that "this 会議／協議会 is of opinion that, as all other 憲法の means have been tried and failed, the only course to 是正する the grievances of the eastern goldfields, 特に in the 事柄 of 連合, is to take advantage of the 力／強力にする given under the 憲法 行為／法令／行動する of 1890, and to 嘆願（書） the Queen for 分離 from the 残り／休憩（する） of the 植民地 of Western Australia, for the 設立 of responsible 政府 therein, and for becoming part of the Australian 連邦／共和国." The 会議／協議会 then formed itself into a 改革（する） League, and 任命するd a 一時的に 委員会 which proceeded 静かに and 効果的に with the 分離 movement. A second 会議／協議会, at which the 出席 was even more 代表者／国会議員, was held at Kalgoorlie on 3 January 1900,** at which the text of the 提案するd 嘆願（書） to the Queen, which had been 改訂するd by Messrs. Glynn, Kingston, and Symon, was submitted and 全員一致で 可決する・採択するd.***
(*Footnote. Coolgardie 鉱夫 14 December 1899.)
(**Footnote. Kalgoorlie 鉱夫 4 January 1900.)
(***Footnote. Kirwan, J.W. Altering the 地図／計画する of Australia Review of Reviews January 1900. Also Manifesto of the Eastern Goldfields 改革（する） League of Western Australia Coolgardie 1900.)
すぐに に引き続いて upon this, another 首相s' 会議／協議会 met in Sydney at which Sir John Forrest was 現在の.* He fought hard for the 傾向 of the 改正s 示唆するd by the Select 委員会 of the Western Australian 議会,** but the other 首相s, 安全な・保証する in the fact that the people of their 植民地s had passed the 憲法 法案 were …に反対するd to making any 譲歩s. It was thought, and 解放する／自由な 表現 was given to the thought, that Western Australia would be compelled, sooner or later, to join the 連合, and that the agitation on the goldfields would 軍隊 the 手渡すs of the Western Australian 議会 in regard to placing the 法案 before the electors. They were 強化するd in this opinion by the 激励 which the goldfields' 態度 was receiving. The 事柄 was taken up not only by the 圧力（をかける） of the eastern 植民地s, but also by that of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain. A London 支店 of the 改革（する） League was 設立するd, and communication entered into 非公式に with the 植民地の Office 当局.*** Constant analogies were drawn between the position of the Uitlanders in the Transvaal and the T'othersiders in Western Australia. Mr. Chamberlain, the 国務長官 for the 植民地s, was reminded that in the House of ありふれたs during the previous October Mr. John Morley had （刑事）被告 him of endeavouring to place on the Transvaal 共和国 義務s which he dared not even try to 課す on any self-治める／統治するing 植民地, to which he had replied, "If a self-治める／統治するing British 植民地 should 課す upon British 支配するs such 条件s as are 課すd upon the British 支配するs in the Transvaal, I say we should 干渉する or 削減（する） the 関係."**** This 声明 was 自由に used by the 支持するs for 分離, who felt that their 原因（となる） was so strong that in the ultimate 問題／発行する Mr. Chamberlain might be compelled to make good his words and 干渉する to the extent of 認めるing the goldfields' 需要・要求する. In the 合間 the 嘆願（書） was 存在 速く 用意が出来ている, and on the 17 March 1900 it was 今後d to the 知事, 調印するd by 27,733 adults, for 贈呈 to Her Majesty. A その上の 嘆願（書）, very numerously 調印するd by the people of the Albany 地区, asking for 傾向 in the 提案するd new 植民地, was 今後d 分かれて.*****
(*Footnote. Quick and Garran Annotated 憲法 page 227.)
(**Footnote. West Australian 5 February 1900.)
(***Footnote. Hunter, H.H. How the Goldfields 部隊d Australia page 3 in Kalgoorlie 市長の 報告（する）／憶測 1916.)
(****Footnote. Hansard fourth series 容積／容量 77 page 341.)
(*****Footnote. Hunter, H.H. How the Goldfields 部隊d Australia page 3; West Australian 18 March 1900.)
Whilst these discussions were taking place in the 植民地, the 法案, as 受託するd by the other 植民地s, had been 今後d to the 植民地の Office, and the 国務長官 表明するd a 願望（する） that 委任する／代表s should be sent to London from Australia to explain its 準備／条項s and 補助装置 the 植民地の Office during its passing through 議会. The 首相s' 会議／協議会 in January 1900 agreed with this 提案, and the に引き続いて 委任する／代表s were chosen: Mr. Edmund Barton (New South むちの跡s) Mr. Alfred Deakin (Victoria) Mr. J.R. Dickson (Queensland) Mr. C.C. Kingston (South Australia) and Sir P.O. Fysh (Tasmania).* Perceiving the value of a 代表 in London at this most 批判的な period in the history of Western Australia, the 政府 asked that it might also be 代表するd, and to this Mr. Chamberlain 同意d with the 是認 of the other 植民地s.** In fact, throughout the whole 交渉s there is ample 証拠 that the 政府s of the eastern 植民地s were anxious that Western Australia should be 含むd in the union as an 初めの 明言する／公表する, but were not 用意が出来ている to 許す it to dictate 条件. Mr. (now Sir) S.H. Parker, 長，指導者 司法（官） of Western Australia, was selected as the 委任する／代表. He was 教えるd*** not to 圧力（をかける） for three out of the four 改正s 提案するd by the Select 委員会 of the Western Australian 議会, but to 適用する himself 完全に to the fourth 改正. Of the other 改正s, the one asking that the 植民地s should be divided into 選挙民s for the 上院 選挙s was looked upon as indefensible, whilst that requesting 控除 for a period of five years from the 裁判権 of the Interstate 商業 （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 was regarded as unnecessary. The 改正 regarding the construction of the transcontinental 鉄道 was 許すd to 減少（する）, as the 首相 of South Australia, the other 植民地 関心d, undertook,**** in the event of the 傾向 of both 植民地s as 明言する／公表するs in the 連邦／共和国, to pass a 法案 同意ing to the line 行う／開催する／段階 by 行う／開催する／段階 同時に with the passi ng of a like 法案 in Western Australia. The fourth 改正 asked that 条項 95 of the 憲法 法案 should be so altered as to 許す Western Australia to 課す her own customs 義務s on intercolonial and other 輸入するs for the first five years of the union instead of 存在 compelled, as in the 法案, to 減ずる these 義務s by one-fifth 毎年 until freedom of 貿易（する） was 設立するd.
(*Footnote. Quick and Garran Annotated 憲法 page 228.)
(**Footnote. Ibid.)
(***Footnote. Copy of 指示／教授／教育s and その上の correspondence Western Australian 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1900 Paper Number 1.)
(****Footnote. Ibid page 3.)
In correspondence with the 国務長官, and in discussions with the other 委任する／代表s and Mr. Chamberlain, Mr. Parker strenuously 勧めるd the 受託 of this 改正, 誓約（する）ing his 政府 in that 事例／患者 to 得る the 許可／制裁 of 議会 and the people to the 法案.* The 委任する／代表s were …に反対するd to any alteration in the 法案 as 認可するd by the people of the eastern 植民地s, and the 国務長官 decided he could not 干渉する unless he was requested to do so by the さまざまな 首相s. Mr. Chamberlain went so far as to communicate with the 知事s of all the Australian 植民地s, 示唆するing that as the 願望（する）d medium did not 影響する／感情 any 原則 of the 手段, their 政府s might ask 議会 to agree to it by 決意／決議 and thus save the 延期する that might be occasioned by a その上の 国民投票. The 首相 of Queensland 通知するd his 協定, but a その上の 首相s' 会議／協議会 considered that the 政府s had no 当局 to 受託する any 改正s. Sir John Forrest continued to make the 受託 of the 改正 a 条件 precedent to the passing of an Enabling 法案, but the 国務長官 for the 植民地s, on the 27 April 1900, 派遣（する）d to the 行政官／管理者 of Western Australia a 電報電信 which 軍隊d the 手渡すs of the Western Australian 政府.** After pointing out that he could no longer 圧力（をかける） the 改正, and that the 条件 under which Western Australia might come in as an 初めの 明言する／公表する were better than those that could be afterwards 安全な・保証するd, he went on to say, "Your responsible 助言者s will also, of course, take into consideration the fact of the agitation by the 連邦の party, 特に on the goldfields, if Western Australia does not enter as an 初めの 明言する／公表する. It appears to me, under the circumstances, of the 最大の importance to the 未来 of Western Australia to join at once." In 新規加入 to this 公式の／役人 声明, 私的な advices from 権威のある sources were 存在 received by goldfields' 居住（者）s to the 影響 that the goldfields' 嘆願（書） would be 扱う／治療する d with very 同情的な consideration if the 植民地 decided to stand out of 連合. The communication from the 国務長官, 強化するd by these 私的な advices, made it evident that the 政府 of Western Australia could take only one course. The 可能性 of the 分離 of the goldfields was one that needed most careful consideration on the part of the 対抗者s of the 法案, for it was 一般に recognised that if the goldfields became part of the 連邦の union, 災害 would probably 続いて起こる to the 部分 of the 植民地 that held aloof. After serious consideration, Sir John Forrest and his 政府, 納得させるd that 分離 was too high a price to 支払う／賃金 for 一時的な 財政上の advantage, decided to 召喚する 議会 forthwith and to introduce an Enabling 法案 to 供給する for the submission of the 連邦／共和国 法案, without 改正s, to the people. This 決定／判定勝ち（する） かなり relieved the 緊張 that 存在するd, but it brought 今後 some rather 冷笑的な recriminations, and it is still difficult to 見積（る） the extent of the 圧力 brought to 耐える upon some 目だつ 政治家，政治屋s, which, whatever it may have been, was 十分な to make them retire from their positions as avowed 対抗者s and become ardent 支持者s of 連合. The Enabling 法案,* which 速く passed through all 行う／開催する／段階s, and received the 王室の Assent on 13 June, 供給するd that a 国民投票 should be taken on the 31 July, and that every adult person who had resided in the 植民地 for a period of twelve months should be 許すd to 投票（する）.
(*Footnote. Copy of 指示／教授／教育s and その上の correspondence Western Australian 投票（する）s and 訴訟／進行s 1900 Paper Number 1 page 6.)
(**Footnote. Ibid page 8.)
(***Footnote. 63 Victoria Number 55.)
One 反対する at any 率 had been 達成するd by the 延期する. It gave the people a longer 適切な時期 for understanding the advantages and disadvantages that would result from 連合, and made them better fitted to 演習 an intelligent 投票（する） when the time for doing so arrived. In fact, all the 問題／発行するs had been so 完全に discussed that it is doubtful whether any 投票（する） could have been cast in ignorance. So 目だつ had the whole question become that the 国民投票 単に 示すd the 最高潮 of a long-continued 論争. The 対抗者s still 勧めるd that Western Australia was する権利を与えるd to more generous 財政上の 治療, and that the construction of the transcontinental 鉄道 should have been made compulsory in the 法案; that without these 準備／条項s the 約束s of fair 治療 held out by the eastern 植民地s could not be relied upon; that under 連合 農業 would be 廃虚d, and the 植民地 made a ダンピング ground for eastern 製造（する）s. These arguments were 戦闘d zealously, but not altogether convincingly by the 連邦主義者s, who relied 主として upon the sentimental cry of a 部隊d Australia. On the goldfields there was another 広大な／多数の／重要な 原因（となる） at work in the agitation against the coast which has since its inception been detrimental to the best 利益／興味s of Western Australia. Long before the 国民投票 was taken its result was a foregone 結論, but the 大多数 of 25,109 in favour of 連合, out of a total 投票（する） of 64,491, was not altogether 推定する／予想するd.
The 連邦／共和国 憲法 法案, which had been introduced into the House of ありふれたs on 14 May 1900, became 法律 on 9 July, and on 1 January 1901 the five 植民地s of Australia, together with Tasmania, were 部隊d in the 連邦／共和国 of Australia--a 連邦／共和国 which it is hoped, in the words of Sir Samuel Griffith, "will 支配する the southern seas, of which any man may be proud to be a 国民, and which will be a 永久の glory to the British Empire."*
(*Footnote. 国家の Australasian 条約 1891 公式の／役人 報告（する）／憶測 of 審議s page 532.)
APPENDIX 1.
DISPATCH FROM SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES TO CAPTAIN STIRLING, 30TH DECEMBER, 1828.
負かす／撃墜するing Street, 30th December 1828.
Captain Stirling, R.N.
Sir,
It having been 決定するd by His Majesty's 政府 to 占領する the 地位，任命する on the western coast of New Holland, at the mouth of the river called Swan River, with the 隣接する 領土, for the 目的 of forming a 解決／入植地 there, His Majesty has been pleased to 認可する the 選択 of yourself to have the 命令（する） of the 探検隊／遠征隊 任命するd for that service, and the superintendence of the 提案するd 解決／入植地.
You will accordingly 修理, with all practicable 派遣（する）, to the place of your 目的地, on board the 大型船 which has been 供給するd for that 目的.
As Swan River and the 隣接する 領土 are not within the 限界s of any 存在するing 植民地, difficulties may easily be 心配するd in the course of your 訴訟／進行s, from the absence of all civil 会・原則s, 法律を制定する, judicial, or 財政上の.
Until 準備／条項 can be made in 予定 form of 法律 for the 政府 of the 事業／計画（する）d 植民地, the difficulties to which I 言及する must be 戦闘d, and will, I 信用, be 打ち勝つ by your own firmness and discretion.
You will assume the 肩書を与える of 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事, and in that character will correspond with this department 尊敬（する）・点ing your 訴訟／進行s and the wants and prospects of the 解決／入植地 you are to form.
Amongst your earliest 義務s will be that of 決定するing the most convenient 場所／位置 for a town to be 築くd as the 未来 seat of 政府.
You will be called upon to 重さを計る maturely the advantages which may arise from placing it on so 安全な・保証する a 状況／情勢 as may be afforded on さまざまな points of the Swan River, against those which may follow from 設立するing it on so 罰金 a port for the 歓迎会 of shipping as Cockburn Sound is 代表するd to be; and more effectually to guard against the evils to be apprehended from an improvident 処分 of the land in the 即座の 周辺 of the town, you will take care that a square of three miles (or one thousand nine hundred and twenty acres) is reserved for its 未来 拡張; and that the land within this space is not 認めるd away (as in ordinary 事例／患者s) but shall be held upon 賃貸し（する）s from the 栄冠を与える, for a 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 not 越えるing twenty-one years. You will, from the 開始／学位授与式 of the 請け負うing, be observant of the necessity of 場内取引員／株価 out and reserving for public 目的s all those peculiar positions within or in the 周辺 of the 事業／計画（する）d town which, from natural advantages or さもなければ, will probably be 必須の to the 未来 福利事業 of the 解決／入植地. In laying the 創立／基礎s of any such town, care must be taken to proceed upon a 正規の／正選手 計画（する）, leaving all 空いている spaces which will in 未来 times be 要求するd for thoroughfares, and as 場所／位置s of churches, 共同墓地s, and other public 作品 of 公共事業（料金）／有用性 and general convenience.
You will 原因（となる） it to be understood that His Majesty has 認めるd you the 力／強力にする of making all necessary 場所s of land. For your 指導／手引 in this 尊敬（する）・点, ample 指示／教授／教育s will at a 未来 period be 用意が出来ている. In the 合間 I enclose a copy of the 指示／教授／教育s of the 知事 of New South むちの跡s on this 支配する, to which you will 固執する as closely as circumstances will 収容する／認める.
You will 耐える in mind that in all 場所s of 領土, a 予定 割合 must be reserved for the 栄冠を与える, 同様に as for the 維持／整備 of the clergy, support of 設立s for the 目的s of 宗教, and the education of 青年; 関心ing which 反対するs more particulars will be transmitted to you hereafter.
I think it necessary also to 警告を与える you thus 早期に (as land on the sea or river 味方する will 自然に be the first to be 位置を示すd) that you must be careful not to 認める more than a 予定 割合 of sea or river frontage to any 植民／開拓者. The 広大な／多数の／重要な advantage to be derived from an 平易な water communication will of course not escape your consideration, and this advantage should be divided amongst as many 植民／開拓者s as can conveniently 利益 by their position in the 周辺.
In regard to the 調査するs and 探検s of the country, which you may think it 権利 to 始める，決める on foot,it is perhaps premature to give you any 指示／教授／教育s upon a point where so much must be left to your own discretion and 知能 as to the nature of the 国／地域 and of the country, which you may 得る on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す; looking however to the 未来 prospects of the 解決／入植地, and to the advantages of its 地元の position, I should be inclined to think that it will be expedient to make the country south of Swan River the scene of your 労働s, rather than the tract of country north of that stream, and that you will do 井戸／弁護士席 to 招待する the 植民／開拓者s to 位置を示す themselves によれば this suggestion.
You will endeavour to settle, with the 同意 of the parties 関心d, a 法廷，裁判所 of 仲裁 for the 決定／判定勝ち（する） of such questions of civil 権利 as may arise between the 早期に 植民／開拓者s, and until a more 正規の／正選手 form of 治めるing 司法（官） can be organised.
You will recommend, by your counsels and example, the habitual observance of Sunday as a day of 残り／休憩（する） and public worship, as far as may be 両立できる with the circumstances in which you may be placed.
With these few and general 指示／教授／教育s for your 指導／手引, 補助装置d by the oral and written communications which have taken place between yourself and this department, you will, I 信用, be able to surmount the difficulties to which you may be exposed at the 手始め, 高めるd though they may be, by the want of any 正規の／正選手 （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 for 治めるing the 政府.
An 器具 of that nature, …を伴ってd with all the requisite 指示／教授／教育s, will be transmitted to you as soon as the 不可欠の forms of 訴訟／進行 in such 事例／患者s will 許す.
I am, etc.,
G. Murray.
APPENDIX 2.
PROCLAMATION BY CAPTAIN STIRLING, DATED 18TH JUNE, 1829.
By His Excellency James Stirling, Esquire, Captain in the 王室の 海軍 and 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 of His Majesty's 解決／入植地 in Western Australia:
反して His Majesty having been pleased to 命令（する） that a 解決／入植地 should forthwith be formed within the 領土 of "Western Australia," and 反して with a 見解（をとる） of 影響ing that 反対する an 探検隊／遠征隊 having been 用意が出来ている and sent 前へ／外へ, and in 一致 with His Majesty's 楽しみ the Direction of the 探検隊／遠征隊 and the 政府 of the 提案するd 解決／入植地 having been confided to me, and 反して in Pursuance of the 前提s 所有／入手 of the 領土 having been taken, I do hereby make the same known to all Persons whom it may 関心, willing, and requesting them duly 規制する their 行為／行う with 言及／関連 to His Majesty's 当局, 代表するd in me, as good and loyal 支配するs せねばならない do, and to obey all such 合法的な 命令（する）s and 規則s, as I may from time to time see fit to 制定する, as they shall answer the contrary to their 危険，危なくする.
And 反して by the 設立 of His Majesty's 当局 in the 領土 aforesaid, the 法律s of the 部隊d Kingdom as far as they are applicable to the Circumstances of the 事例／患者, do therein すぐに 勝つ／広く一帯に広がる and become 安全 for the 権利s, 特権s, and 免疫s of all His Majesty's 支配するs 設立する or residing in such 領土, I do hereby 警告を与える all to 棄権する from the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 of Offences against the King's Peace or the 法律s of the Realm upon 苦痛 of 存在 逮捕（する）d, 起訴するd, 罪人／有罪を宣告するd, and punished in the same manner and to all 意図s and 目的s as is usual in 類似の offences committed in any other Part or Parts of His Majesty's Dominions 支配する to British 法律.
And 反して for the 援助（する）s of 司法（官） and the 保護 of Peace I may hereafter see Occasion to 指名する and 任命する a 適切に qualified Person to 遂行する／発効させる the Office of 郡保安官 of the 領土, having under his direction responsible individuals filling the Offices of High Constable, Constables, （強制）執行官s, and Surveyors of High Ways. And 反して I may hereafter see occasion to 問題／発行する a （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 to 確かな 控えめの Persons to proceed to the Cognizance of Offences against the 法律s; to hear and 決定する Complains of 傷害; to commit 違反者／犯罪者s for その上の 裁判，公判 to the 保護／拘留 of the 郡保安官; and to 行為／行う themselves in the 死刑執行 of their Office によれば such 方式 of 訴訟／進行 as 司法（官）s of the Peace may 合法の 可決する・採択する; I here 命令（する） and 要求する that 予定 豊富 and 尊敬（する）・点 be shown to all such Persons in their several Places and 裁判権s.
And 反して the 保護 of 法律 doth of 権利 belong to all people どれでも who may come or be 設立する within the 領土 aforesaid, I do hereby give Notice that if any Person or Persons shall be 罪人／有罪を宣告するd of behaving in a fraudulent, cruel, or felonious Manner に向かって the Aborigines of the Country, such Person or Persons will be liable to be 起訴するd and tried for the Offence, as if the same had been committed against any other of His Majesty's 支配するs.
And 反して the safety of the 領土 from 侵略 and from the attack of 敵意を持った native tribes may 要求する the 設立 of a 民兵 軍隊 which on 緊急 may be depended on to 補助装置 His Majesty's 正規の／正選手 軍隊／機動隊s in the defence of the 法律s and 所有物／資産／財産 of the inhabitants of the 領土, and moreover the Efficiency of such an 武装した 団体／死体, depending wholly on its Organisation, Discipline, and 準備 for Service, all male persons どれでも, between the ages of 15 and 50, are hereby 要求するd to enrol themselves in the 召集（する） roll of the 民兵 of the 郡 in which they may reside, and to 観察する that the days for 召集（する） and 演習, and the 指名するs of the Officers whom I may see fit to 任命する to 命令（する） them will be duly 通知するd, and that on proof of their Disobedience to such officers or of negligent 業績／成果 of the 義務s 要求するd of them, they will be 支配する, in the Absence of 戦争の 法律, to a pecuniary 罰金 and 監禁，拘置 until the same shall be （負債など）支払うd.
And 反して His Majesty having been graciously pleased to confide to me the 力／強力にする to make all necessary 場所s, and to 認める unoccupied Lands within the aforesaid 領土 under such 制限s as are or may be 含む／封じ込めるd in the several 指示／教授／教育s 問題／発行するd or to be 問題／発行するd to me by 当局 of His Majesty's 政府, I do hereby give Notice that the 条件s and 存在するing 規則s under which 栄冠を与える Lands will be 認めるd will be 展示（する）d to Public 査察 at the Offices of the 長官 to 政府, and of the Surveyor of the 領土, 支配する to such alterations and 改正s as may from time to time be ordered, and all Persons desirous of 得るing Lands or of becoming 植民／開拓者s for any other 目的s in this 領土, are, as soon as may be practicable after their arrival in this 解決／入植地, to appear at the Office of the 長官 to 政府, and there to make 使用／適用 for 許可 to reside in the 解決／入植地, and all Persons 設立する 捕まらないで without having 得るd such 許可 will （判決などを）下す themselves liable to be committed to 保護／拘留, and all Persons in like Manner who may ーするつもりである to やめる the 植民地 are to give a week's Notice of their 意向s to 出発／死, upon 苦痛 of 存在 liable to be apprehended and 拘留するd and of （判決などを）下すing the Master of the Ship in which they may be about to 出発／死 支配する to a 罰金 as 始める，決める 前へ／外へ by the Port 規則s.
God save the King!
Given under my 手渡す and 調印（する） at Perth this 18th day of June, 1829.
L.S.
James Stirling,
中尉／大尉／警部補-知事.
By His Excellency's 命令（する）,
Peter Brown,
長官 to 政府.
APPENDIX 3.
THE CONVICT SYSTEM.
Recognising it to be the 義務 of the historian to 記録，記録的な／記録する facts rather than to discuss theories, this is not the place to enter at any length upon a discussion of the 長所s or demerits of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system from a moral point of 見解（をとる）. 裁判官d by the 基準 of pure 倫理学 it must be 認める that the commingling of a 罪人／有罪を宣告する element with the 解放する／自由な inhabitants of a country cannot fail to have, at any 率, some demoralising 影響（力） with concomitant results. At the same time it is 平等に 確かな that the cheap 労働 resulting from the presence of large numbers of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs and ticket-of-leave men tends 大いに to the 構成要素 繁栄 of the community. Whether it is possible to so organise a 罪人／有罪を宣告する system as to give the 構成要素 advantages without any lowering of the 倫理的な 基準 of the people, and whether such was 現実に encompassed in Western Australia, is a 事柄 for moralists to discuss. So far as the historian is 関心d, two facts stand out--in the hope of a 繁栄する 未来 the Western Australian colonists were on the whole 用意が出来ている to take the 危険 of 汚染, and the 国務長官 believed that he had 発展させるd a wise system of transportation from which no lowering of the moral トン was likely to result.
That the new system of transportation 異なるd 大いに from that in vogue in the 早期に days of New South むちの跡s is unquestionable. In fact, throughout the whole period during which felons were 輸送（する）d to Western Australia, the 条件 罪人／有罪を宣告する system and penal 解決／入植地 as 適用するd to that country had nothing in ありふれた with the same 条件 when used to 述べる the 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s, often worse even than slavery, that 存在するd in New South むちの跡s, Norfolk island, and 先頭 Diemen's Land during the 早期に part of the nineteenth century. 裁判官d by the ordinary meaning 大（公）使館員d to the 表現, Western Australia was never a penal 解決／入植地. It was really a 抱擁する 刑務所，拘置所, the 境界s of which for the greater part of the 犯罪のs sent out were the 限界s of the 植民地 itself. In 一致 with the 協定 made by the Home 当局 with the colonists, the men sent out were to be able-団体／死体d, not over forty-five years of age, 井戸／弁護士席 行為／行うd in 刑務所，拘置所, and having at least half their 宣告，判決s to run, such 宣告，判決s on 有罪の判決 having been for not いっそう少なく than seven years. It was also 規定するd on the part of the colonists--who must have been very innocent if they thought the 規定 would ever be 観察するd--that no 犯罪のs of a 無謀な or dangerous class should be sent out. 罪人／有罪を宣告するs from Irish 刑務所，拘置所s were not to be 輸送（する）d, nor were 女性（の） 違反者／犯罪者s. This last 条件 was 厳密に carried out, and to the absence of the corrupting 影響 of dissolute women is probably 予定 the fact that so little moral taint remains upon the Western Australia of today.
A 簡潔な／要約する description of the system as it 存在するd in the 植民地 during the eighteen years of its 操作／手術 may be of 利益／興味, 特に as it shows how 広大な／多数の／重要な a change had come over the methods of 取引，協定ing with 罪人／有罪を宣告するs during the previous half-century. In the first place, the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs before 存在 輸送（する）d were 支配するd to a probationary period of confinement in one of the 広大な／多数の／重要な English 刑務所，拘置所s, and were selected, at any 率 表面上は, for their good behaviour and the 明らかな prospect of their redemption. On the voyage out every care, so far as was possible, was paid to their 慰安 and health, so that serious illness was infrequent and death a very rare event. When they arrived at Fremantle they were placed for about nine months in の近くに confinement in the penal 設立--called by its compulsory occupants the College. Here they were compelled to 観察する a strict 刑務所，拘置所 政権, which did not 耐える too 厳しく upon those amenable to discipline. For those, however, who in any way 試みる／企てるd to 侮辱する／軽蔑する the system there were very 限定された 罰s. A diet of bread and water, 付加 監禁，拘置, the chain-ギャング（団）, the dark 独房, the cat--up to one hundred 攻撃するs--and even the gallows 設立する a place when considered necessary in the 計画／陰謀 of reformation. But the 刑罰の 味方する of the remodelled system never 圧力（をかける）d so 厳しく that men, as in Norfolk island, drew lots for the 特権 of committing 殺人 ーするために 安全な・保証する a trip to Sydney, followed by the attentions of the hangman. While the 罰s were 厳しい, the 特権s for good 行為／行う were many. A 確かな degree of 協会 with one another was permitted , and conversation with 訪問者s was 許すd. A library was 設立するd for the use of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, and lectures were periodically given within the 刑務所，拘置所. It is 記録，記録的な／記録するd that in 1857 知事 Kennedy and a party visited the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立 for the 目的 of 審理，公聴会 a 罪人／有罪を宣告する lecture on music, with illustrative items by the 刑務所，拘置所 choir! During the period of confinement or pr obation within the 刑務所，拘置所 the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were 雇うd on necessary 作品 of 維持／整備 and on さまざまな public 作品 in and around Fremantle. When it was over they were 解放（する）d on a 修正するd or 制限するd ticket-of-leave and sent out in parties to 築く public buildings in さまざまな parts of the 植民地, to 用意する country 倉庫・駅s, and to make roads. While so 雇うd the value of the work done was placed to their credit, and enabled them to 返す the 15 続けざまに猛撃するs 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する as the cost of their passage out, and which it was necessary for them to refund to the 刑務所，拘置所 当局 before the coveted 条件付きの 容赦 could be 安全な・保証するd. These parties were not 限定するd or under any 肉親，親類d of penal coercion. Good behaviour was 事実上 保証するd by the fact that 不品行／姦通 取り消すd the probationary ticket and 延長するd the time of service before the 条件付きの 容赦 could be 得るd. The greatest liberty was 許すd to the road-making parties. These consisted of from twenty to fifty of the best-behaved 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, who lived in （軍の）野営地，陣営s along the line of road to be made. They were under the care of one warder, or in some 事例／患者s two, but there were also instances of parties 存在 sent out without any 公式の／役人 in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金. In 1853 the custom of making 確かな 囚人s constables was introduced, and 設立する to be 満足な, after which the road parties were 一般に under the 支配（する）／統制する of one warder and one constable. Considering the liberty enjoyed, it is amazing that there were so few 試みる／企てるs at escape. The 推論する／理由 is probably to be 設立する in the words of Captain Henderson himself, that the 植民地 itself was "a 広大な natural 刑務所，拘置所." The escaping 罪人／有罪を宣告する, even if he eluded 逮捕（する）, which was exceedingly improbable, stood a good chance of 餓死するing in the bush or dying of かわき. He also knew that with good behaviour his 十分な ticket-of-leave, which 事実上 meant freedom, was only a 事柄 of a little time and not a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of 労働. In fact, some of the descriptions of these road parties scarcely remind us of the dreadful and dreaded " system." 令状ing in 1864, a special 特派員 of the Melbourne Argus says: "No one can say that the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs work hard, and, as far as my experience goes, I 設立する them remarkably comfortable both as regards 避難所 and diet. They are always as hospitable as they can be to a 訪問者.I put up several nights with road parties, and partook of meals with them which any man might heartily enjoy. The meal over, the men would produce their tame cockatoos or opossums, would enjoy a smoke or a stroll, would read 調書をとる／予約するs from the 刑務所，拘置所 library, or spin yarns by the 炎ing 解雇する／砲火／射撃. I 設立する them all eager for （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） regarding t'other 味方する; as they call the eastern 植民地s, and one and all 明言する／公表するd their 決意 to get there. After an evening spent thus, we would turn in to comfortable beds and be up 早期に next morning for a wash in the creek. If they do not return thanks for having their lives cast in pleasant places, the men are a most ungrateful 始める，決める."
The duration of this period of 保護監察, which had to be served before 十分な ticket-of-leave was 認めるd, 変化させるd, of course, with the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of the 初めの 宣告，判決. It also depended on the behaviour of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する himself. 事前の to 1857 the date upon which a 囚人 serving a 確かな 宣告，判決 would receive his ticket was 決定するd by a 百分率 method; after 1857 by a system of 示すs 可決する・採択するd by Captain Henderson from that 収集するd by Captain Knight for the 刑務所s of Ireland. Under either method a 罪人／有罪を宣告する 宣告，判決d to fifteen years could in ordinary circumstances 安全な・保証する his ticket at the end of the fourth year. He could, however, behave so excellently as to 安全な・保証する it in three, or so execrably as never to get it at all.
With the system of 示すs was coupled a system of gratuities. no 罪人／有罪を宣告する, while in 刑務所，拘置所, had any （人命などを）奪う，主張する to 支払い（額） for his services, but as a reward for 産業 and good 行為／行う received a gratuity of 2 pence for every six 示すs earned by him. This could be 没収されるd, wholly or in part, by 不品行／姦通, and in 事例／患者 of escape the cost of 逮捕（する） was 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d against the gratuities. Thus by the time he was 予定 for ticket-of-leave the 罪人／有罪を宣告する was sure of having some money in his pocket.
With his ticket-of-leave, the 罪人／有罪を宣告する reached another 行う／開催する／段階 in his 進歩 toward 完全にする liberty, though he was still 支配する to many and 厳しい 制限s. The 刑務所，拘置所 was behind him, no warder watched over him; he was 解放する／自由な to 捜し出す outside 雇用 and to enjoy the fruits of his 労働s; but he must never lose 所有／入手 of his ticket--a parchment 文書 giving his 指名する, number, description, age, and 条件. Printed on its 直面する were the 条件s by which he must be guided. He was 割り当てるd to a 確かな 地区, and without the 同意 of the Comptroller-General or 居住（者） 治安判事 was not permitted to leave it. If he travelled from one town to another he must go by the usual road or by such road as his pass directed, and must 報告（する）／憶測 to the police both his arrival in and 出発 from a town. After reaching his 割り当てるd 地区 he was 許すd a fortnight during which to find work for himself; if 不成功の he had to return to the penal 設立 and was then sent to one of the country 倉庫・駅s. From the 倉庫・駅 he could be 雇うd by a 植民／開拓者, and was compelled to take whatever 給料 were 申し込む／申し出d. によれば the 指示／教授／教育s of the Home 当局, the 支えるもの／所有者 of a ticket-of-leave who entered the service of a 植民／開拓者 was compelled to remain there for twelve months. This 規則 was, however, 設立する to be impracticable, and therefore was not 施行するd. Every change of master, 同様に as every change of 住居, had to be 是認するd on the ticket.
The ticket-of-leave man was permitted to acquire 所有物／資産／財産, either leasehold or freehold, and could appear in any 活動／戦闘 or 控訴 in the 法廷，裁判所s. He could 強要する his 雇用者 to carry out a 契約 with him, and was 許すd to marry or to 得る his wife and family from England 解放する／自由な of expense. But with all these 特権s the 注目する，もくろむ of the 当局 was always upon him. If he was 有罪の of any 不品行／姦通, whatever 所有物／資産／財産 he had acquired became the 所有／入手 of the 栄冠を与える. Under the 要約 裁判権 行為／法令／行動するs he could be 逮捕（する）d without 令状, and at the instance of a 治安判事 be awarded a 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of 監禁，拘置 変化させるing in length from one to three years. He must not carry 小火器 or be 設立する upon a ship without 許可, and between ten o'clock at night and daybreak he was not 許すd to be away from his place of 住居. Both the 治安判事 and the police of his 地区 must 事実上 be aware of his every 活動／戦闘.
The 罪人／有罪を宣告する who, for a period 決定するd by the length of his 初めの 宣告，判決, managed to 観察する the 条件s and 避ける the snares and 落し穴s of his ticket-of-leave became する権利を与えるd to the much coveted 条件付きの 容赦. This 文書, which was 認めるd only by the 国務長官 through the 知事, 除去するd all 制限s, except one, upon the liberty of the 支えるもの／所有者. He could not return to 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain, nor, by special 法律制定, to Victoria or South Australia, until the whole 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of his 宣告，判決 had 満了する／死ぬd. The 制限s as regards the eastern 植民地s had been 設立する necessary 借りがあるing to the fact that the gold 発見s had attracted large numbers of 条件付きの-容赦 men, some of whom, in the absence of 抑制, returned to their former methods of evil living. によれば the 証拠 of 知事 Fitzgerald before a 委員会 of the House of Lords in 1856, it was only the 課税 of these 制限s that 妨げるd every 条件付きの 容赦 支えるもの／所有者 leaving Western Australia for the eastern goldfields. The practice of 問題／発行するing 条件付きの 容赦s was not, it is said, 見解（をとる）d with favour by the 地元の 公式の／役人s of the system. That can scarcely have been the 事例／患者, as in 1863 we find the 国務長官 製図／抽選 attention to the 緩和する with which 条件付きの 容赦s could be 得るd in Western Australia, and 一時停止するing their 操作／手術 as regards 囚人s under 宣告，判決 of twenty years or more. すぐに afterwards the 条件s under which these 容赦s were 認めるd were made much more 厳しい, a course which was 推定する／予想するd to 原因（となる） かなりの trouble. That, however, never eventuated, as in 1864 the 知事 was 通知するd that transportation to the 植民地 would 中止する 完全に in three years from that date.
The above sketch 述べるs 大幅に, though すぐに, the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system as it 存在するd in Western Australia. That it was 明確に表すd on sound and humane lines is undoubted. Its underlying 原則 was remedial--to 改革（する） the 囚人 and to 申し込む／申し出 him every 誘導 to once more become a 尊敬（する）・点d member of society. Even in the 手渡すs of 残忍な 公式の／役人s, such as those we read of in earlier 記録，記録的な／記録するs, it could never have brought about the awful horrors of 先頭 Diemen's Land, though it might have gone some distance along the path. The success that it 達成するd was in the main 予定 to the 知恵 and 能力 of the officers, more 特に to the Comptroller-General, Captain (afterwards Sir) E.Y.W. Henderson, who, with infinite tact, perseverance, and 公平さ, 連合させるd with a sound judgment, organised and controlled the whole system in Western Australia. That it was hardly penal is やめる evident. Even the Argus 特派員, sent 特に to find out the weak 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs, and so 強化する the agitation against transportation to any part of Australia which was then 存在 追求するd with vigour in the eastern 植民地s, 認める that "the West Australian 罪人／有罪を宣告する system has many excellent points. It does not, as was the 事例／患者 under the old assignment 手はず／準備 of New South むちの跡s and Tasmania, place the 罪人／有罪を宣告する at the mercy of a master, who may be both 残虐な and vicious. Neither is his 罰, as was the 事例／患者 at Norfolk Island, 簡単に cruel and vindictive. The men have a constant 誘導 to behave 井戸／弁護士席, as they know that by doing so they better their 条件. During the probationary 行う／開催する／段階 they are aware that each 示す they earn brings them nearer to their ticket-of-leave, and when they 得る these a continuance of good behaviour has been 要求するd to する権利を与える them to their 条件付きの 容赦s. This 要求するing a man to find 雇用 before he is 解放するd upon his ticket 作品 井戸／弁護士席, 軍隊ing him for a time, at least, into habits of 産業. During his 拘留，拘置 on the roads he sees the 植民／開拓者s and le arns what is to be done, and by the time he has served his ticket-of-leave out, and is wholly thrown upon his own 資源s, he せねばならない have acquired some little money and a 十分な 手段 of 植民地の experience."
Given good behaviour, the life of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する was not unhappy. 削減（する） off from his old 協会s, he had every chance of beginning life afresh, and in some instances so 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるd the chance that he 達成するd more than a competency. In any 事例／患者 his life was more comfortable than that of a 解放する／自由な labourer in England, if not in the 植民地 itself. The 証拠 of 王室の （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限s and 罪人／有罪を宣告する officers 繰り返して shows that transportation to Western Australia was 現実に sought for. Of course, not all the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 輸送（する）d were 改革（する）d. A 割合, the scum of English cities, remained untouched by remedial 対策, and during the whole 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of their 住居 in the 植民地 these were a menace and dread to the 植民／開拓者s, 存在 often debarred from 犯罪の 行為／法令／行動するs only by the want of 適切な時期. If the 初めの 意向 to introduce only the best class of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs had been carried out, this 段階 would probably not have made its presence felt, but, as Captain Henderson 明言する／公表するd in 1856, the English 刑務所，拘置所 当局 were sending out "the men they do not hang." The 共同の 委員会 任命するd in 1862 also 断言するd that "it has been shown that in one 事例／患者 the 知事 of Chatham 刑務所，拘置所 was 特に 教えるd to select for embarkation the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs least fit to be 発射する／解雇するd at home." Fortunately Western Australia was saved from the 栄冠を与えるing iniquity of a 罪人／有罪を宣告する system--the transportation of vicious and abandoned women, though some women introduced in 1856 from London workhouses 証明するd almost as bad.
Considered as a whole it may be said that the 罪人／有罪を宣告する system in Western Australia was 行為／行うd on such lines as to 確実にする the least possible baneful 影響. Except that the stigma of once having been a penal 解決／入植地 must always remain, that 影響 has become a 消えるing 量.
Whether the colonists of those 早期に days could have 達成するd success without the introduction of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働 it is, perhaps, impossible to say. But whatever 構成要素 advantages accrued from the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, they were not, and could not be, 十分な to 正当化する their introduction. With 勇敢に立ち向かう hearts the 早期に 植民／開拓者s 設立するd the 植民地 on the proud 原則 that it was to be 解放する／自由な. In the 直面する of adversity they 産する／生じるd up their 原則 on the altar of expediency, and all that one can say is that the fact that they were compelled to do so is 大いに to be 嘆き悲しむd.
LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED FOR APPENDIX 3.
派遣（する）s between 植民地の Office and 知事 1850 to 1868.
広大な／多数の／重要な Britain 議会の Papers:
Papers and correspondence on 罪人／有罪を宣告する discipline and transportation 現在のd to 議会 by 命令（する）: 1851 14 May and 4 August; 1852 30 April and 13 December; 1853 18 July; 1854 May; 1855 February and August; 1856 2 June; 1857 21 March and 25 August; 1859 August; 1860 Number 2701; 1861 March; 1862 8 May; 1863 24 July.
報告（する）／憶測 of the Select 委員会 of the House of Lords 10 July 1856.
報告（する）／憶測s of Select 委員会s of the House of ありふれたs on Transportation, June to July 1856 and 28 May 1861.
報告（する）／憶測 of the Commissioners 任命するd to 問い合わせ into the 操作／手術 of the 行為／法令／行動するs relating to transportation, 1863 命令（する） Paper 6457.
Grellet, H.R. 事例／患者 of England and Western Australia in 尊敬（する）・点 to Transportation London 1864.
Inquirer newspaper 1850 to 1868.
Perth Gazette newspaper 1850 to 1868.
記録，記録的な／記録するs of 植民地の 長官's Office Western Australia 1850 to 1868.
Willoughby, H. British 罪人／有罪を宣告する in Western Australia London 1865.
(APPENDIX 4. STATISTICS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, 1829 TO 1900.)
APPENDIX 5.
PROSPECTUS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIAN COMPANY AND DESCRIPTION OF AUSTRALIND.
5.1. 解決／入植地 of Australind in Western Australia, under the Western Australian Company, Office 33, Old 幅の広い Street, London.
DIRECTORS:
William Hutt, Esquire, M.P. Chairman.
John Chapman, Esquire, 副 Chairman.
Thomas Holdsworth Brooking, Esquire.
Henry Buckle, Esquire.
Charles Enderby, Esquire.
James Irving, Esquire.
Jacob Montefiore, Esquire.
George Robert Smith, Esquire.
Captain 示す Halpen Sweny, R.N.
Edward Gibbon Wakefield, Esquire.
長官: Charles Henry Smith, Esquire.
銀行業者s: Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smiths.
Solicitors: Messrs. Few, Hamilton, and Few.
上向きs of ten years have now elapsed since Western Australia was taken 所有／入手 of as a Dependency of the British 栄冠を与える, when a 解決／入植地 was formed upon the banks of the Swan, and in the 即座の 周辺 of that river. Perth and other small towns were 設立するd, and, subsequently, some inconsiderable 解決／入植地s have been formed at King George's Sound, and other points. The 法律s of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain are fully 設立するd in the 植民地; its social 条件 is superior to that of many of the new 解決／入植地s; and Her Majesty's 政府 having 決定するd to 適用する to it the 原則s of colonisation which have had such 著名な success どこかよそで, the Western Australian Company has been formed to 協力する in those 見解（をとる）s, by the 投資 of 資本／首都 in the acquirement of land, and the conveyance of 植民／開拓者s and emigrants to the most favourable point upon the western coast of the continent of New Holland, within the 境界s and under the 裁判権 of the 植民地 of Western Australia.
To carry out these 反対するs, the Western Australian Company has acquired a 権利 to a large 量 of land in the 植民地, a 部分 of which, 量ing to 51,000 acres, and 据えるd in the 周辺 of Leschenault, in the 海上の 郡 of Wellington, is now under 調査する, for the 目的 of 設立するing the Company's first 解決／入植地 of Australind. The 選択 of this 位置／汚点／見つけ出す has been the result of careful 調査; and the inlet, upon which the town will be placed, is formed by the embouchure of four rivers which pass through the Company's 所有物／資産／財産 or form its 境界. The 船の停泊地 at the mouth of this inlet is 明言する／公表するd to be excellent, as is 証拠d by the fact that several thousand トンs of shipping 毎年 訴える手段／行楽地 there. (See 公式の／役人 Return 別館d.)
The town of Australind will 延長する over a space of 1000 acres, 排除的 of a reserve for public 反対するs, such as quays, streets, squares, markets, churches, and public gardens, in and 隣接するing the town, which is divided into 4000 sections, of a ４半期/4分の1 of an acre each.
In 新規加入 to these, 50,000 acres of the 隣人ing lands will be selected by the Company's 長，指導者 Commissioner, and subdivided into 500 lots of 田舎の land, consisting of 100 acres each.
TERMS OF LAND SALES.
The lands, which will 構成する the 場所／位置 and 周辺 of Australind, are allotted for sale to the public in the に引き続いて manner: to each of the lots of 100 田舎の acres are 大（公）使館員d (to be drawn for 分かれて as after explained) four town sections of one ４半期/4分の1 of an acre each, which 田舎の acres and town sections (called mixed allotments) are 申し込む／申し出d at 101 続けざまに猛撃するs each; the remaining town sections at 10 続けざまに猛撃するs each.
Of these mixed allotments and town sections, a 部分 has been reserved, and is 申し込む／申し出d for sale to 植民／開拓者s only: and of the other lots, such as remain unsold are 申し込む／申し出d to the public 一般に at the above-について言及するd prices.
The choice of the allotments and town sections thus 申し込む／申し出d for sale will be 決定するd by lot, drawn at the company's office, in the presence of the purchaser or his スパイ／執行官 (as after explained) and of three of the directors; and within one week after the 決定／判定勝ち（する） of each purchaser's 優先 of choice, he will be する権利を与えるd to receive land orders, authorising and 要求するing the officer of the company in the 解決／入植地 to 配達する to him, or to his スパイ／執行官, the allotments or sections to which he is する権利を与えるd, to be selected によれば his ascertained 優先 of choice, 支配する, にもかかわらず, to the 準備／条項s hereinafter について言及するd.
A large 部分 of the lots had already been sold, and the purchasers have received land orders, giving them a 優先 of choice によれば the numbers drawn by them. The 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of numbers which remain undrawn may be 得るd at the company's office; and persons, who may now become purchasers, will be する権利を与えるd to land orders, giving them a 優先 of choice with the previous purchasers, によれば the numbers to be drawn by them out of the undrawn 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）.
使用／適用 for the 購入（する） of these land orders may be made in 令状ing at the office of the company, Number 33, Old 幅の広い Street, where forms of 使用／適用 may be 得るd; and such applicants will be する権利を与えるd, on 支払い（額） of the 量 of the 購入（する） money into the 手渡すs of the company's 銀行業者s, Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smiths, to …に出席する on any Tuesday, at two o'clock 正確に (either 本人自身で or by their スパイ／執行官s) when their orders of choice will be drawn によれば the 優先 of such 支払い（額）s, in the presence of themselves or their スパイ／執行官s, if they think proper to …に出席する, and of three of the directors, who will be in 出席.
The 方式 of 製図／抽選 will be as follows: The numbers are placed in four several wheels or 回転するing boxes, the 植民／開拓者s' 田舎の sections in one wheel, and the 植民／開拓者s' town sections in another wheel; the general 田舎の sections in one wheel, and the general town sections in another wheel.
These land orders will be transferable at the will of the 支えるもの／所有者s, on giving written notice thereof to the 長官 of the company in England, or to the 長，指導者 Commissioner of the company in the 解決／入植地, in manner 定める／命ずるd by the 規則s of the company, and indorsed upon such land orders. The choice of the allotments, of which 優先 shall have been so 決定するd by lot in England, will take place in the 解決／入植地 so soon as the requisite 調査するs and 計画（する）s shall have been 完全にするd; and will be made under such 規則s as the 長，指導者 commissioner of the company in the 解決／入植地 so authorised shall 定める／命ずる. Neglect or 拒絶 to 従う with such 規則s in regard to any section will occasion a 没収 of the 権利 of choice by the purchaser, and vest it in the company's officer on に代わって of the purchaser; and such officer will be directed to proceed, with the 最大の 派遣（する）, in 影響ing such 選択s, unless the purchaser, or some person duly authorised on his に代わって, be 現在の in the 植民地 to make such 選択, so soon as the 場所／位置 of the town shall have been 示すd out, and be ready for 選択 of the さまざまな sections. Of the money to be paid to the company by purchasers of mixed allotments, 50 続けざまに猛撃するs per cent will be laid out in defraying the cost of 移住 to the 解決／入植地, and in public 改良s therein. Thus, in 新規加入 to the change of system 可決する・採択するd by the 政府, as to the public lands of the 植民地 一般に, one half of the 購入（する） money of these 私的な lands will be 雇うd in 追加するing to the value of the 所有物／資産／財産, by 伝えるing 全住民 to the 解決／入植地. Purchasers of 田舎の land, ーするつもりであるing to settle thereon, will be する権利を与えるd, out of the 基金 始める，決める apart for 移住, to an allowance for their own passage, and that of their families and servants, equal to 50 続けざまに猛撃するs per cent of their 購入（する） money, 支配する to such 規則s as may be でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd by the directors. But persons （人命などを）奪う，主張するing such allowance must 通知する their 意向 to become 居住（者） 植民／開拓者s at the time of 適用するing for their land. Purchasers of not いっそう少なく than 300 acres of 田舎の land, not themselves 訴訟／進行 to Australind, will be にもかかわらず する権利を与えるd to a return of so much of their 購入（する） money as shall be 十分な to defray the passage of an スパイ／執行官, 供給するd such スパイ／執行官 become an actual 植民／開拓者.
All persons （人命などを）奪う，主張するing an allowance out of the 移住 基金, for a 解放する／自由な passage to the company's 領土 in Western Australia, in consequence of their own or their スパイ／執行官's 意向 to settle thereon, will receive land orders 含む／封じ込めるing special 準備／条項s in 尊敬（する）・点 of such ーするつもりであるing 解決／入植地, copies of which forms may be had at the office.
In the 選択 of emigrants of the 労働ing class, the company will give a preference to applicants who shall be under 約束／交戦 to work for 資本主義者s ーするつもりであるing to emigrate, and to persons 購入（する）ing land of the company.
Except for cabin 乗客s, the whole of the 基金 始める，決める apart for 移住 will be laid out by the company in 供給するing 解放する／自由な passages for young married persons of the 労働ing classes, and of unmarried persons under thirty years of age, as far as possible, in equal 割合 of the sexes.
One half of the whole 基金 received for ４半期/4分の1-acre town sections, at the 率 of 10 続けざまに猛撃するs each, and which, on the 完成 of the 現在の 提案するd sales, will 量 to 10,000 続けざまに猛撃するs, will be 厳密に laid out by the company on 反対するs of public 公共事業（料金）／有用性 and convenience in the town.
In the event of the directors 存在 unable to award land out of the advertised lots, by 推論する／理由 of the number of persons who shall have made 支払い（額） to the company's 銀行業者s for the 購入（する） of lots 越えるing the number 含む／封じ込めるd in the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）s, it will be at the 選択 of the applicants so 除外するd (by the 支配する of 優先 of 支払い（額） before について言及するd) either to be 登録（する）d for 購入（する） at the next 後継するing sale of the company's land, or to receive 支援する the 購入（する） money deposited.
By order of the Board,
C.H. Smith,
長官.
Office of the Western Australian Company, 33 Old 幅の広い Street, London, August 12th 1841.
(TABLE: Return of shipping at Port Leschenault, Koombana Bay, from 1st January to 31st March 1841.)
5.2. DESCRIPTION OF AUSTRALIND, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, TO ACCOMPANY THE TOWN PLAN.
Australind is beautifully 据えるd on the eastern 味方する of Leschenault Inlet, at a distance of about six miles from Koombanah Bay, or, as it has been 一般に called, Port Leschenault, a good roadstead, within Point Casuarina, at the eastern extremity of Geographe Bay. The bay is open only from north or north and by east to west-north-west or west and by north; but as there is a strong undercurrent setting out, ships ride 安全に even in 激しい 強風s from that ４半期/4分の1. The Parkfield of 580 トンs, in April last 棒 out the heaviest 強風 recently known on this coast; and the Plato, American whaler, is passing the 現在の 嵐の winter at 錨，総合司会者 there. At the 入り口 of the inlet a 転換ing sandbar 存在するs on which the sea breaks. It has, in the channel, from four to nine feet water, which might be 増加するd by the 採択 of proper means. The inlet itself is the estuary of three かなりの rivers, すなわち the Preston, which 発射する／解雇するs its waters into it at about two miles from the 入り口, and the Collie (after it has been joined by the Brunswick) about two miles higher up. This inlet or estuary is a 罰金 inland sea, 完全に land-locked, twelve or thirteen miles long, separated from the ocean by a 狭くする but high promontory of broken 輪郭（を描く）, which in most parts is covered with 木材／素質 and vegetation, and has a very picturesque 外見. Opposite to the town 場所／位置 of Australind the inlet is from a mile and a mile and a half to two miles wide; its water is almost pure seawater during the summer; but in the winter is nearly, if not やめる, fresh: it is やめる so at the 現在の moment (30 June 1841). The inlet is remarkably 解放する／自由な from 少しのd on its surface and banks, and 存在 一般に 十分な to the 辛勝する／優位, has little of the general character of creeks or harbours. It abounds with 罰金 fish, and is たびたび（訪れる）d by 黒人／ボイコット swans, ducks, pelicans, cranes, and other aquatic birds.
The 見解（をとる） of the inlet and opposite shore from the town 場所／位置 is 極端に beautiful, while the 見解（をとる） of the town 場所／位置 from the inlet is 平等に pleasing. It 現在のs in 外見 a high bank of forest scenery rising from the water's 辛勝する／優位 (in some places within いっそう少なく than a ４半期/4分の1 of a mile) to a かなりの elevation, which reaches at points to eighty and one hundred and even one hundred and twenty-eight feet. A flat, a few feet above the level of the estuary, but superior to all flood, runs along the whole sea 前線 of the town; which, with the exception of that part which is ーするつもりであるd to be more 特に 充てるd to 目的s of 貿易（する）, is thrown 支援する upon the rising grounds, and 延長するs over them across the Brunswick on the east, and to the River Collie on the south east. The Brunswick, thus passing through the centre of the town, is from thirty to forty yards wide, and the Collie, which bounds it at the south-eastern end, is one hundred and thirty yards in width. These rivers, having a depth of from one and a half to three fathoms, and 存在 remarkably 解放する／自由な from fallen 木材／素質, are navigable for several miles.
The 国／地域 of the town 場所／位置 is, in parts on the shore of the estuary, and almost 完全に on both 味方するs of the River Brunswick, alluvial. どこかよそで it is principally of a sandy nature, with 広大な／多数の／重要な admixture of burnt 支持を得ようと努めるd and other vegetable 事柄, or 分解するd 石灰岩, and その結果 is nowhere sterile, while the 首脳会議s of hills, and rising grounds within the town 場所／位置, 耐える actual 証拠 or strong 指示，表示する物s of the presence of 石灰岩, which, of a remarkably pure 質, is 設立する on some of the hills すぐに outside the town.
The whole undulating surface of the town 場所／位置 is covered with luxuriant vegetation and beautiful flowers, and ぱらぱら雨d with 罰金 木材／素質; but it is not 一般に very ひどく wooded, though in parts the trees are of gigantic size. The 木材／素質 consists of mahogany, redgum, 石灰岩 gum, and bluegum, peppermint, banksia of three 肉親，親類d, and teatree on two or three 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs. Water of excellent 質 is to be 設立する everywhere, even within a few feet of the inlet, at a trifling depth--the depth 変化させるing, of course, によれば the elevation or 不景気 of the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す. The 場所／位置 is everywhere above all flood. There are only two or three places where water 宿泊するs in the winter (called here 押し寄せる／沼地s*) and 施設 of drainage into the estuary, Collie, and Brunswick universally 存在するs. The salubrity of the 状況／情勢 and the delicious 気候 of the 地区 are 否定できない.
(*Footnote. 押し寄せる／沼地s here are not morasses--簡単に places in which water occasionally 宿泊するs, but are 乾燥した，日照りの in summer.)
The 計画（する） of the town has been arranged with the 見解（をとる） to carry the streets along the most level lines which the high and undulating character of the ground would 許す of--leaving the 首脳会議s of the highest hills for public 反対するs, such as the ーするつもりであるd colleges, hospitals, 観測所, 楽しみ grounds for park, cattle market, and 共同墓地. Koombanah Road, which will be the 政府 road from Bunbury and the southern 地区s to Perth, runs along the flat at a short distance from the estuary, on a dead level below the rising ground. The main street springs at its western end from the centre of a 三日月 (the 半径 of which is nearly half a mile in space) which rises from the flat, by a gentle ascent from each end, up a hill which at the 栄冠を与える is above forty feet in 高さ. The hill is too 法外な at 現在の to 許す a carriage ascent 直接／まっすぐに up its 前線 to the 開始／学位授与式 of the street as shown on the 計画（する）, but steps for foot 乗客s will be すぐに laid up its slope, and the 三日月 at 最高の，を越す is so arranged that, if a carriage road should hereafter be 設立する 望ましい, it can be 影響d by excavating the hill in the line of the street and carrying the road of the 三日月 over it by means of a 木材／素質 or アイロンをかける 橋（渡しをする）. The main street is, 含むing twelve-feet footpaths, eighty feet wide, and runs in a straight and almost level line to a corresponding hill 近づく the River Brunswick, where it descends, and over which it is to be carried by a 橋（渡しをする） continued to that part of the town which is to be placed on the elevated tableland on the eastern 味方する of the river, through which its direct eastern course is carried. On either 味方する of this main street is a hill of かなりの elevation--that on the north, called 物陰／風下d Hill, ーするつもりであるd for the 場所／位置 of a college for 青年s, is one hundred and nine feet high, at the western end of which a 場所／位置 for one of the 主要な／長／主犯 churches has been reserved. Aylesbury Hill on the south, ーするつもりであるd as the 場所／位置 of the 女性（の） college, is one hundred feet high;to the south of that again is 開始する Cameron (from the 首脳会議 of which there is a splendid 見解（をとる） of the estuary, and, inland, of 魚の卵's and the Darling 範囲s) one hundred and twenty-six feet high, ーするつもりであるd for the 場所／位置 of a hospital or other public 会・原則. The hill その上の to the south, on which the markets are 据えるd, called Bedford Hill, is one hundred and five feet high, and that overlooking the Collie and its beautiful scenery, 指名するd 開始する Lautour, is one hundred and twenty-one feet high--the whole of this hill, from the peculiar beauty of its position, has been lotted out, the streets so arranged as not to pass 直接／まっすぐに over its 首脳会議, and the rise is very 漸進的な. Staughton Hill, at the 入り口 of the town on the south, is sixty feet high. About three-４半期/4分の1s of a mile to the north of the 三日月, at the extremity of the town, is Beaufort Hill, which rises precipitously from the flat on the estuary to one hundred feet in 高さ--and which is a suitable 位置／汚点／見つけ出す for an 観測所. To the east of that hill is another of 広大な／多数の／重要な picturesque beauty, the highest ground in the town 場所／位置, 存在 one hundred and twenty-eight feet high, to which the 呼称 of 開始する Australind has been given. Both these last-について言及するd hills are within the park (含む／封じ込めるing in the whole four hundred acres) which is to surround the town, and すぐに outside of it a hill of いっそう少なく elevation, 指名するd Claremont (sixty feet high) has been appropriated to the general 共同墓地. Public quays on the estuary, on the Collie, and on both 味方するs of the River Brunswick, have been appropriated for the convenience of the town, together with 場所／位置s for a library, museum, 軍の 駅／配置する, 地位，任命する office, and for seven churches or other places of public worship, with ground for 大臣s' 住居s and schoolhouses, and Quakers' meetinghouse; and recreation grounds on the banks of the estuary.
It is hardly possible to conceive a finer 状況／情勢 for a town, both with 言及／関連 to sea and inland communications and other natural advantages. Although the depth of water in the inlet is not 広大な／多数の／重要な, it is 十分な at all times for boats of かなりの size, and steamers. The River Collie has the disadvantage of a 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業, with shallow water at its mouth in the inlet; but when entered, both it and the Brunswick are 深い and navigable for many miles and might easily be made so to a higher distance.
At three or four miles above the town 場所／位置, the North and South Brunswick, both which rivers pass through the centre of the 認める, 部隊, and their 共同の waters 構成する the Brunswick as passing through the town 場所／位置. The North Brunswick, during the summer months, consists of large pools or rather lakes, one third, one half, and one mile and a half in length, of 広大な／多数の／重要な depth, 十分な of 罰金 water, even to the end of the 乾燥した，日照りの season, and these pools might be easily 部隊d by 除去するing the fallen trees and other obstructions in the course of the stream. The South Brunswick, which comes from, and perhaps passes through, the Darling 範囲, runs through a pass of romantic scenery in 魚の卵's 範囲, which is within this 認める, at the distance of about six miles, and on which there is land of the finest description. On the banks of these rivers, there are alluvial flats of 広大な／多数の／重要な fertility.
Western Australian Company's Office, 33 Old 幅の広い Street, London.
N.B. The 計画（する） of the town and a sketch of the port may be had of Messrs. Smith, 年上の, & Co, Number 65, Cornhill. A birds-注目する，もくろむ 見解（をとる） of the 解決／入植地 may be 推定する／予想するd.
Aborigines: description of. 態度 of. 政策 regarding.
Aborigines 保護 Board.
Abrolhos, 発見 of.
農業の Bank 行為／法令／行動する.
農業の Society 設立するd.
農業.
Anglo-Indian 解決／入植地, 提案するd.
仲裁 行為／法令／行動する.
Arnhem Land, 発見 of.
協会 in Bedford Street.
Astrolabe, visit to King George's Sound.
Augusta, 解決／入植地 at.
Austin, R. 探検s.
Australia, 指名する 示唆するd by Flinders.
Australind, 提案するd 解決／入植地 at.
Bank, 成果／努力s to 設立する.
Bank of Australasia.
Bank of Western Australia.
Banking 施設s.
Batavia, voyage of.
Baudin, voyage of Geographe.
Beagle, H.M.S.: at King George's Sound. 沿岸の 調査するing voyage.
Board of Counsel and Audit.
Bougainville, voyage of.
Broome, Sir F.N. (知事): 論争 with 長，指導者 司法（官）.
Bruny d'Entrecasteaux, voyage in search of La Perouse.
Burt, Sir A.P., first 長，指導者 司法（官）: 態度 に向かって newspapers.
Camden Harbour Pastoral 協会.
挑戦者, H.M.S., 派遣（する） to Swan River.
Chinese 移民，移住（する）s.
Church of England, bishopric of.
Civil 法廷，裁判所s, 設立 of.
Clarke, 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐 A. (知事).
Coal.
植民地の 会議／協議会, London.
Colonisation, discussion 関心ing.
Colonisation 保証／確信 Company.
条件 of 解決／入植地: 1829. 1830.
Congestion of 政府 Departments.
罪人／有罪を宣告する system: 提案s to introduce. 設立 of. description of. working of. 停止 of. total 罪人／有罪を宣告するs sent out. 影響s of. review of.
Coolgardie goldfield.
Coote, A. 鉄道 提案s.
巡査.
Cornelisz, Jerome, supercargo of Batavia.
Cotton.
栄冠を与える Lands.
Customs 義務s.
Dampier, W.: voyage 1688. voyage 1699.
Darling, General, 知事 of New South むちの跡s: 派遣（する）s regarding 恐れる of French 併合.
Denison Plains 協会.
不景気 and 財政上の stringency.
De Witt Land, 発見 of.
Dirk Hartog Island, 発見 of.
Duel, only instance of.
Dutch 植民地の 解決／入植地, 提案するd 設立 of.
Dutch East India Company, voyages under.
Duyfken, voyage of 1606.
早期に difficulties.
Edel, 会計の d', voyage.
Edel, Jacob d'.
Edel Land, 発見 of.
Education.
Eendraght, voyage of.
Eendraght Land.
年上の 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊.
移住 計画／陰謀s.
Entrecasteaux, see Bruny d'Entrecasteaux.
Esperance, voyage of.
(n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議: under 栄冠を与える 植民地. under 代表者／国会議員 政府.
探検s.
Eyre, E.J. 探検s.
Factors that retarded 進歩.
連邦の 会議 of Australasia.
連邦の movement: Earl Grey's 提案 in 1847. intercolonial 会議／協議会s. Western Australia 代表するd. 連邦の 会議 of Australasia formed. 態度 of Sir Henry Parkes. Australasian 連合 会議／協議会 1890. 連合 of Australasia 示唆するd. 国家の Australasian 条約 1891. 示唆するd 憲法 拒絶するd by New Zealand and Fiji. 関税 difficulties between 植民地s. 首相s' 会議／協議会 1895. 条約 to でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる 憲法 認可するd. Adelaide 条約 1897. Queensland not 代表するd. 決意／決議s regarding 連合. 法案 草案d. Sydney 条約 1897. 改正s 示唆するd by Western Australia. Melbourne 条約 1898. 推薦s regarding Western Australia. first 国民投票. 法案 拒絶するd by New South むちの跡s, no 国民投票 taken in Queensland or Western Australia. 首相s' 会議／協議会 1899. second 国民投票 taken, 法案 受託するd by eastern 植民地s. not submitted in Western Australia. 改正s 示唆するd by Western Australian 議会. 対立 to 連合 by 政府 of Western Australia. 連邦の league formed and 嘆願（書） 用意が出来ている. 嘆願（書） 拒絶するd by 議会. 分離 movement on the goldfields and at Albany. 連邦の 法案 reaches London. 委任する／代表s 任命するd to 補助装置 passage through British 議会. Western Australian 改正s discussed. 拒絶するd by eastern 植民地s. 態度 of 国務長官 に向かって Western Australia. 脅し to accede to goldfields' 嘆願（書） for 分離. 首相 agreed to 服従させる／提出する 法案 to people without 改正s. 国民投票 taken, and 法案 受託するd by large 大多数.
女性（の） 罪人／有罪を宣告するs.
Fenian 囚人s, escape of.
財政上の 不景気. See 不景気.
Fitzgerald, Captain C. (知事).
Flinders, M. voyage.
Forrest, Alexander, 探検s.
Forrest, John (Lord Forrest): 探検s. first 首相.
Fraser, C. 報告（する）／憶測 on Swan River.
Fremantle.
Fremantle, Captain, 所有／入手 taken by.
Fremantle Harbour.
French 併合 of Western Australia, 恐れる of.
French （人命などを）奪う，主張する to 発見.
French voyages.
Freycinet, Captain, voyage of.
Garden Island, 植民／開拓者s landed at.
Geelvinck, voyage of.
Geographe, voyage of.
Giles, E. 探検s.
Gold.
Golden Mile.
Goldfields: Kimberley. Yilgarn. Pilbara. Murchison. Coolgardie. Kalgoorlie. Menzies.
Goldfields versus coast agitation.
Goldfields 国家の League.
Goldfields Water 供給（する）.
Gregory, A.C. 探検s.
Gregory, F.T. 探検s.
Grey, G. 探検s.
Gribble, reverend J.B.
Guano.
Gulden Zeepaard, voyage of.
Hamelin, voyage of Naturaliste.
Hampton, Dr. J.S. (知事).
Hartog, Dirk: voyage of. plate.
Homesteads 行為／法令／行動する.
Hordern, A. 提案s for 鉄道s etc.
Hougoumont, last 罪人／有罪を宣告する 大型船.
Houtman, F. voyage.
Hutt, John (知事).
移民／移住 and 労働.
Intercolonial 会議／協議会s.
捜査官／調査官, voyage of.
Irwin, F.C. 行政官／管理者.
Joubert J. 鉄道 提案s.
Kalgoorlie goldfield.
Kalgoorlie 暴動.
Kangaroo, 述べるd by Dampier.
Kennedy, Captain A. (知事).
Kimberley 地区, 発見 of.
Kimberley goldfield.
King, 中尉／大尉／警部補 P.P. 調査するing voyages 1817 to 1822.
King George's Sound: 罪人／有罪を宣告する 設立 at. 移転 of 解決／入植地.
労働. See 移民／移住 and 労働.
Land: sale of allotments in Perth and Fremantle. 認めるs made to 植民／開拓者s. 認めるs made to labourers. 施行 of 条件s of 認める.
Land and 移住 commissioners.
Land 認める 鉄道s.
Land 法律s and 規則s.
Land 税金 提案するd.
Lautour, 陸軍大佐 P.A.: 移住 計画／陰謀. sale of land to Western Australian Company.
Lead.
Leeuwin, voyage of.
Leeuwin's Land, 発見 of.
法律を制定する 議会 under responsible 政府.
法律を制定する 会議: under 栄冠を与える 植民地. under 代表者／国会議員 政府. under responsible 政府.
Licensing 行為／法令／行動する.
Lockyer, Major, 罪人／有罪を宣告する 解決／入植地 at King George's Sound.
McMurdo, 陸軍大佐, 鉄道 提案s.
Magellan, F. voyage.
Meneses, Jorge de, という評判の 発見 of Abrolhos.
Menzies goldfield.
Mineral 発見s and 採掘 操作／手術s. See also Gold.
採掘 騒動s.
Moore, George Fletcher, Civil Commissioner.
地方自治体の 政府.
Murchison goldfield.
Naturaliste, voyage of.
New Holland, 指名する given by the Dutch.
New Norcia 使節団.
Newspapers, 出版（物） of.
North-west, 開始 up of.
Nuytsland, 発見 of.
Ogle, N. 移住 計画／陰謀.
Onslow, A.C. 長，指導者 司法（官）: 論争 with 知事. 嘆願（書） against. 行政官／管理者.
Parmelia: despatched to Swan River. arrival.
Pastoral 産業.
Pearling.
Peel, Thomas, 移住 計画／陰謀.
Pelsart, Francis, voyage of.
Perth.
Perth, bishopric of.
Pilbara goldfield.
Pinjarra, 戦う／戦い of.
Polo, Marco, 示唆するd 発見 of Australia by.
全住民, 異常な 増加する of.
Portuguese （人命などを）奪う，主張する to 発見.
Prices of 商品／必需品s.
布告／宣言 設立するing 政府.
進歩 of 植民地.
Purry, Hans, 提案するd Dutch 解決／入植地 at Cape Leeuwin.
鉄道s: Vasse 木材／素質 Line. Canning 木材／素質 Line. Fremantle to Perth to Guildford. Geraldton to Northampton. Guildford to Chidlow's 井戸／弁護士席 to York. York to Beverley. Spencer's Brook to Northam. Clackline to Newcastle. Geraldton to Greenough. Roebourne to Cossack (tramway). 広大な／多数の／重要な Southern (Beverley to Albany land 認める 鉄道). Midland 鉄道 (land 認める). Northam to Southern Cross to Coolgardie to Kalgoorlie. Geraldton to Cue.
Recherche, voyage of.
Remmessens River.
報告（する）／憶測s derogatory to 解決／入植地.
代表者／国会議員 政府.
Responsible 政府: 憲法 布告するd. first 省 任命するd. 改正s to 憲法.
Robinson, Sir W.C.F. (知事).
魚の卵, J.S, 任命するd Surveyor-General.
Roebuck, voyage of.
Roebuck Bay Pastoral 協会.
Roman カトリック教徒 Church.
Rottnest Island.
St. Alouarn, Captain, voyage of.
Sandalwood.
Scindian, first 罪人／有罪を宣告する 大型船.
分離 of goldfields 支持するd.
植民／開拓者s, privations of.
Shark Bay: 指名するd by Dampier. 示唆するd penal 解決／入植地 at.
Siberia Gold 急ぐ.
Smith, Sir Gerard (知事).
South African War.
(統計に基づく 要約 虫垂 4.)
Stirling, Captain Sir James: examination of Swan River. discussions regarding 解決／入植地 at Swan River. 任命するd 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事. 政府 布告するd. 派遣（する）s regarding 気候 and 植民／開拓者s. 行政. （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 as 知事. visit to England. return to 植民地. relations between 知事 and 会議.
Success, H.M.S. visit to Swan River.
Sulphur, H.M.S.: 派遣（する）d to Swan River. arrival.
Swan River: 発見 by Vlaming. examination by the French. examination by Captain Stirling. 報告（する）／憶測 on, by C. Fraser. discussions regarding 解決／入植地. formal 所有／入手 taken of. 決定／判定勝ち（する） to 設立する 植民地 at. 提案 to colonise by Peel 企業連合（する）. 植民地の Office 規則s for 植民地. Ogle's 移住 提案. 任命 of 公式の／役人s. 行為／法令／行動する of 議会 設立するing 植民地 in Western Australia. 植民地 布告するd. 条件 of 解決／入植地 1829. 条件 of 解決／入植地 1830.
Swan River 物々交換する Society.
関税. See Customs 義務s.
Tasman, Abel Janszoon: 指示／教授／教育s to. voyage of.
Telegraphs.
木材／素質.
Tin.
Torrens system of land 肩書を与えるs.
Torres, Luis Vaez de, voyage.
Town 場所／位置s, 布告／宣言 of.
Transportation, 停止 of. See 罪人／有罪を宣告する system.
裁判，公判: 事業／計画（する）d search for 難破させる of. 指示／教授／教育s 問題／発行するd by Dutch.
Vancouver, G.: voyage of. description of King George's Sound.
Venn, H.W. Commissioner of 鉄道s, 解任するd.
Vergulde Draeck, 難破させる of.
Vineyard Society 設立するd.
Vlaming, W. 先頭: voyage of. plate.
Vogel, Sir J. and Coote A. 鉄道 提案s.
Waddington, J. 鉄道 提案s.
Wakefield, Edward Gibbon, description of 植民地.
Wapen 先頭 Hoorn, voyages of.
Water difficulties on goldfields.
Weld, Frederick A. (知事).
West Australian newspaper, 嘆願（書） against 長，指導者 司法（官）.
Western Australian 協会.
Western Australian Bank.
Western Australian Company (Australind 解決／入植地).
捕鯨.
Willem's River.
Wool.
Yilgarn goldfield.
Zeewyck, 難破させる of.
(MAP OF SOUTH-WEST SHOWING GRANTS OF CAPTAIN STIRLING, THOMAS PEEL AND COLONEL LATOUR.)
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