"The Galloway Team won, followed by Hawick, Galashiels, and Jedburgh, then the Gordons and the 黒人／ボイコット Watch. It was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 勝利 for my 旅団 （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域ing the 正規の／正選手s: I believe it is the first time the 正規の／正選手s have been beaten by Volunteers in this sort of 競争, the 普通の／平均（する） 狙撃 of the 正規の／正選手s 存在 far above that of the Volunteers. The winning 得点する／非難する／２０ was 161. The umpires deducted points for bad ボレーs, and though the ボレーs of the 正規の／正選手s seemed やめる excellent, they each lost points for them; the 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の thing 存在 that the Hawick Team, which was second, did not lose a 選び出す／独身 point for ボレーs.

"I think the 競争 will do a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of good. General Chapman gave a Cup for beaten competitors which was won by a Hawick man!"*

* The に引き続いて year the 国境 Volunteer Teams distinguished themselves, again （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域ing the 正規の／正選手s. Fourteen of the nineteen teams competing were from Minto's 旅団. The 国境 ライフル銃／探して盗むs won, followed by Galashiels, Galloway, and Jedburgh.

The alarums and excursions of politics did not 干渉する with （人が）群がるd seasons. There were visits to Taplow, Panshanger, 城 Ashby, Waddesdon, and どこかよそで, and Minto was not insensible of the delights of London in an age when 基準s of wit and beauty were at their highest. He 要約するd the charms of a season thus: "A 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of rot, a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 one likes, and a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 to learn: 利益／興味ing people to 会合，会う, and the centre of everything, charity and devilry, 兵士ing and politics." During a week-end with the Harry Whites Minto met the Chamberlains, by whom he was 大いに impressed:--

"He 利益／興味d in all foreign questions, and very sound on them: she 十分な of （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）, ready to talk about anything, and delightfully 解放する／自由な from the usual talk and jargon. . . . The social events lately have been a large and delightful dinner and dance at the Londonderrys' and the masked ball at Holland House, which was most amusing. Mary and Lady de Trafford went in 類似の 支配s. I danced with Mary, not やめる 確かな of her 身元."

Throughout the autumns the Mintos kept open house The 訪問者s' 調書をとる／予約する 記録，記録的な／記録するs amongst their friends many 著名な 指名するs--Sir William Harcourt, George Curzon, Alfred Lyttelton the Devonshires, Portlands, Brodricks, Poynders, Grenfells, Granbys; and in October 1896 Mr. Asquith stayed at Minto. "I like him very much" 令状s Minto in his 定期刊行物; "he gives one the idea of a strong man, and I should say a fair-minded one too." Now and then he felt that the part of playing host was too much of a 税金 on his time:--

"We are now alone: a 救済 after the constant coming and going of 訪問者s. They come with a 急ぐ on their way north, then there is a なぎ while they are gadding this 味方する of the 国境, and then another 急ぐ when they go south. They are by way of 狙撃 deer and catching salmon, but 狙撃 has become so much more luxurious nowadays: they want all the game to play 一連の会議、交渉／完成する them, and my own idea is that few of them would do a good day's walking, and certainly would not remain in the river all day without waders, as I used to do."

No picture of Minto would be 完全にする without a glimpse of his 国内の life. The atmosphere of his home radiated happiness. The family now consisted of three girls, Eileen, Ruby, and Violet, and two boys, Larry and Esmond. They all 相続するd the love of horses of their father, who with the 最大の care taught in turn each child to ride. Together they 株d all 追跡s, and the younger 世代 learned from him to 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる the tales of 国境 chivalry. Love of home was a tradition in the family, and the affection of past 世代s still seemed to 粘着する like an atmosphere to the old house.

On 後継するing his father Minto 始める，決める himself, with the 援助 of his wife, to beautify the house and gardens. The 入り口 hall was 大きくするd and panelled with oak that had adorned the 塀で囲むs of the old 法律 法廷，裁判所s in London. Terraces and balustrades were built: a rose garden was planned: an 新規加入 was made to the Church Garden, which was encircled with イチイ hedges in a battlement design. Minto was an 専門家 landscape gardener; he and his wife would spend hours in 場内取引員／株価 out the ground, adjusting the curve of a path, and 除去するing 感情を害する／違反するing railings "to enable the 注目する，もくろむ to roam." The old 城, 据えるd on the 首脳会議 of the Craigs, 述べるd in Sir Walter Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel, was 回復するd, and turned into a museum for 反対するs of historical 利益／興味 brought from foreign parts by the different 世代s. To Minto's love of order is 予定 the 現在の systematic 協定 of the Paper Room and the 目録ing of the family 古記録s. "It has been a very long and tiresome 職業," he について言及するs in the 定期刊行物, "and いつかs I have wondered if I was 正当化するd in giving so much time to it, but I think I was. There is a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 that is 利益／興味ing, and will grow more so as years go on." Historical 文書s were sorted out from の中で old 広い地所 papers and accounts; a Spanish 旗 was brought to light which had been taken from the captain of the St. Josef by Nelson at the 戦う／戦い of St. Vincent in 1775 and given to Sir Gilbert Elliot, who was 現在の at the 約束／交戦, and which had been lost sight of for a hundred and twenty years.

When bicycling first （機の）カム into vogue, the family took to it with enthusiasm. 巨大な 探検隊／遠征隊s were undertaken, and Minto once cycled over the 国境 to Newcastle, sixty-four miles, before 昼食. Forty-two miles with his wife in 注ぐing rain along the Caledonian Canal to Inverness was not considered 過度の, and the Mintos even took their bicycles abroad, going by train to the 首脳会議 of the St. Gothard, and bicycling 負かす／撃墜する the pass and along the Italian Lakes to Baveno and Orta. Every spring they had a month's holiday on the Continent. One year they went to Florence and Venice, first 運動ing by way of the Upper Corniche road to Portofino: another year they went to Spain, saw the pictures of the Prado, and stayed during the 復活祭 revels of bull-fights and fairs in the beautiful palaces of the 予定 d'Alba in Madrid and Seville.

世代s of Elliots had been 養育するd in the Presbyterian 約束, and the family invariably …に出席するd the kirk at Minto. Fifty years ago two sermons were preached at the morning service, each 継続している for about fifty minutes; but times were changing, and one sermon of thirty minutes was now considered 適する. The harmonium had taken the place of the tuning fork, and in later days this had been superseded by an 組織／臓器--a prelatic 革新--and the younger 世代 were 徐々に abandoning the old Presbyterian 緊縮. But the stiffness of the 古代の 政権 was not wholly gone. At one of the farm dances Minto noticed that the oldest 従業員 of the 広い地所, the shepherd Aitchison (with a game 脚 and seventy-five years of age) was not, as usual, 開始 the ball with Lady Minto. On making 調査s he was 安心させるd as to Aitchison's health; "but," 追加するd one of the farm 手渡すs, "has your Lordship no' heard? Aitchison is an 年上の, and he was had up afore the kirk 開会／開廷／会期 and tell't that he must either gie up dancin' with her leddyship, or stop bein' an 年上の of the Kirk!"

The に引き続いて are 抽出するs from the 定期刊行物:--

"I was asked the other day by a lady to 調印する a 嘆願（書） 抗議するing against the cruel 起訴 of the Bishop of . . . for 確かな malpractices in forms of worship, as to which I knew nothing. I noticed that there were only three 署名s to the 文書, one 存在 that of a 井戸／弁護士席-known drunkard. I was at my wits' end how to get out of it when it flashed across me that, of course, I am a Presbyterian! and as I had been brought up as such I could have nothing to say to Bishops!"

. . . .

"Went to church alone last week. It was communion Sunday. Old Watson (a 農業者), who was taking the collection at the door, 真面目に 圧力（をかける）d me to stay with the congregation: 'They're a' wrang, thae sections in the Kirk: we're a' gaun to one place.' I said I hoped we were, but I did not stay, much as I felt inclined to do so; I hadn't strength of mind enough, I suppose, to break through the old custom, for I never recollect any of my people doing so. I remained for the service, however, until just before the giving of the sacrament. There is much that is to me more solemn and impressive about the Scots 儀式 in a village church than about the ordinary English 祝賀. Old Watson and Ainslie (who used to be the smith) are the 年上のs, and to see these handsome old men standing at the Communion （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する waiting for the 開始／学位授与式 of the 儀式 had a reality and sternness about it that made me think of the old Covenanters, and brought home to me the honest true 宗教 which plays such a 深い part in Scots character."

. . . .

"The other day the Duke of Argyll, speaking in the House of Lords on 宗教的な teaching in the schools, said, 'There is a God, there has been a Christ, and there will be a 未来 明言する／公表する.' In this age of scepticism it is refreshing to hear words of simple 約束 and strong belief from a learned and brilliant man, when philosophers are inclined to believe in nothing, and the pigmies of the world follow 控訴 for the want of a 論理（学）の proof to which they consider their Lilliputian brains する権利を与えるd."

IV

Minto thought 1897 "a very happy year"; it was to be the last year of his 平和的な life as a 私的な gentleman. In March 1898, while he was busy working at Army 見積（る）s, （機の）カム the news of Mahmud's 前進する to the Atbara, the 序幕 to Kitchener's 勝利を得た （選挙などの）運動をする, and once more Minto's thoughts began to turn に向かって what he had once called "the way of ambition." The 知事-Generalship of Canada would be 空いている that autumn; Wolseley had always 勧めるd that he was 井戸／弁護士席 ふさわしい for the office, and he now told Wolseley 個人として how 大いに the 地位，任命する 控訴，上告d to him. Nothing, however, happened for several months. He had no （人命などを）奪う，主張する on the 政治家，政治屋s, for, while he liked and admired Mr. Chamberlain, he had not hesitated to 非難する him, and he had never held even the humblest office in the political 階層制度. His work had been 軍の, and his friends, who 信用d and admired him, were 兵士s. However, 軍隊s were at work on his に代わって, and in his 定期刊行物 he 令状s: "My Canadian 交渉s are still 訴訟／進行. I have done nothing 直接／まっすぐに myself; friends, however, have done a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定: Lord Salisbury, the Duke of Devonshire, Mr. Chamberlain, Arthur Balfour, have all been approached, and whether I go or not it is pleasant to think one has so many warm 支持者s."

The 見込み of his 任命 was talked of that summer, though Lord Lansdowne 警告するd him 個人として that there were strong 候補者s against him. India was also 空いている, and his 兵士 friends had 見通しs of sending Minto there, so the time passed in a maze of rumours and hopes. Then on the 21st July he received a letter from Mr. Chamberlain 知らせるing him that he 提案するd to 服従させる／提出する his 指名する to the Queen as the 後継者 to Lord Aberdeen in Canada, and five days later the papers 発表するd the 任命.

In such fashion did one who had small political 購入（する）, who had never canvassed or 計画／陰謀d for preferment and who had been content to 成し遂げる his 義務s far from the limelight, 達成する one of the highest 地位，任命するs in the gift of the British 栄冠を与える. Minto's nature was too sanely balanced to be upset by either success or 失敗; in the 追跡（する）ing phrase he could "take his corn," and the 定期刊行物 to which he confided his thoughts 始める，決めるs out very modestly what he considered to be his 資格s, and descants on the 忠義 of his friends:--

"I am pleased, and so is Mary-and-井戸／弁護士席--I suppose, 令状ing in the privacy of one's own 定期刊行物, I may say that I feel proud. Anyhow it is a position to be proud of. I can't help looking 支援する over my past career and feeling that it has not been the path that usually leads to 広大な／多数の／重要な 任命s. With me it has been as a boy 運動競技のs, then steeplechase riding, then 兵士ing, till the love of a 軍の career became all-吸収するing. But through it all I have gathered a good 取引，協定 of experience of other men in many countries, and the older I grow the stiffer has become my 支配する of doing what I thought 権利 in the line I had taken up as 兵士 and country gentleman. This, with a 確かな 量 of reading, a little 令状ing occasionally for reviews, and a good 取引，協定 of intercourse with those people who are helping to make, or are 利益／興味d in, the world's history, both men and women, has helped me to where I am. It does not seem much, and yet it has often meant hard work, and the sacrifice of many social 約束／交戦s and other things which to the society world may often have seemed inexplicable, as there was little to show for it. I am thinking 主として of my Volunteer 命令（する）s: the work they have given me has frequently been very 激しい, and always very thankless, the 軍の 当局 alone knowing the value of what I was doing. . . . My 現在の 任命 I know I 借りがある 大部分は to the 会社／堅い support of friends, and the furtherance of my career to Lord Wolseley more than any one else: on service and at home he has helped me more than I can say. . . . I have had shoals of 電報電信s of congratulation all day. Certainly till the last few months I never knew I had so many friends."

BOOK 2

CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER SIX

GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF CANADA, 1898-1904

The Problem of Defence

The hot summer of 1898 was filled with 広大な／多数の／重要な events; death 除去するd two men of the first 階級 from the 円形競技場 of politics--Gladstone and Bismarck; in the first week of September the 戦う／戦い of Omdurman gave the Sudan to our 手渡すs; and presently （機の）カム the difficulties with フラン over Fashoda. Minto spent his time in a whirl of interviews with 閣僚 大臣s and with men like Lord Strathcona, who could talk to him of Canada. Then he 修理d to the 国境s to 企て，努力，提案 good-bye to his old friends and to receive the freedom of the town of Hawick.

"Kissed 手渡すs at Balmoral. . . . The Queen, as she always seems to be, やめる charming, 十分な of conversation and in good spirits. On my alluding to the 外見 of a 親善 between the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs and ourselves, she said she could see 非，不，無. . . . Mary was then sent for. The Queen told her she felt sure she would 支持する the position, and above all she must never give her 指名する to any 計画／陰謀 that might be 非難するd, but only to those above 疑惑, 追加するing:--

'Your father advised me to make this 支配する nearly forty years ago, and I have never deviated from it.'"

In the 一連の 別れの（言葉，会） dinners in October one stood out 特に, that given by Etonians to Minto, Mr. George Curzon, and the Reverend J. E. C. Welldon, who were leaving for the 知事-Generalship of Canada, the Viceroyalty of India, and the Bishopric of Calcutta. Lord Rosebery was in the 議長，司会を務める, and made one of his happiest speeches. He pointed out that of the last six 知事-Generals of Canada all but one had been Etonians, and he spoke thus about his old school 同時代の:--

"To most of us he is better known as 'Melgund,' to some of us as 'Rolly.' Lord Minto's position raises in my mind a 論争 which has never 中止するd to 激怒（する） in it since I was thirteen years old. I have never been able to make out which has the greater 株 in the 政府 of this Empire--Scotland or Eton. I am やめる 用意が出来ている to give up our fighting 力／強力にするs to Ireland, because when we have from Ireland Wolseley and Kitchener and Roberts I am sure that Scotland cannot （人命などを）奪う，主張する to compete. But when, as in Lord Minto's 事例／患者, Scotland and Eton are 連合させるd, you have something so irresistible that it hardly is within the 力／強力にするs of human eloquence to 述べる it. Lord Minto comes of a 治める／統治するing family --indeed at one time it was thought to be too 治める／統治するing a family. Under former 後援 it was felt that the Elliots perhaps 本体，大部分／ばら積みのd too 大部分は in the 行政 of the nation. At any 率, whether it was so or not, it was 達成するd by their 長所s, and there has been a Viceroy Lord Minto already. There have been innumerable distinguished members of the family in the last century, and there has also been a person, I think, distinguished above all others--that Hugh Elliot who 敗北・負かすd Frederick the 広大な／多数の／重要な in repartee at the very 首脳会議 of his 評判, and went through every adventure that a diplomatist can experience. And now Lord Minto goes to Canada. I am やめる 確かな , from his experience, from his character and knowledge, from his 人気, that he is 運命にあるd to make an がまんするing 示す."

…に出席するd by felicitations and 好意／親善 in which there was no 公式文書，認める of dissent, Minto, …を伴ってd by his wife and children, left England on 3rd November, and on Saturday, 12th November, arrived at Quebec, where he was met by the 去っていく／社交的な 知事-General, Lord Aberdeen, and sworn in. The 市長 of Quebec 現在のd an 演説（する）／住所, in which there were graceful 言及／関連s to Lady Minto's family 関係s with Canada and to Lady Eileen as Canadian-born.

A word must be said on the position of Canadian 事件／事情／状勢s at the moment when Minto assumed office. Sir John Macdonald's 広大な／多数の／重要な public career of over forty years had ended only with his death in 1891. Thereafter followed dissensions and difficulties for the 保守的なs, 最高潮に達するing in their 敗北・負かす at the 投票s in 1896, when the 自由主義の party under Sir Wilfrid Laurier entered upon a 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of 力／強力にする which was to 耐える for thirteen years. The change of party did not 伴う／関わる a change of 政策, for the old 自由主義の 解放する／自由な-貿易（する） dogmatism was dropped, and Sir Wilfrid Laurier carried on the 保護の system of his 前任者, which by fostering her native 産業s 目的（とする）d at making Canada economically 独立した・無所属 of the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs. He 持続するd the の近くに 関係 with Britain, indeed he drew it tighter, for it was under his 後援 that a preference was 認めるd to the 製品s of the mothercountry. There was thus no violent 相違 of political 見解（をとる）s within the country, and the old racial difficulties between French and British were quiescent under a 総理大臣 of French-Canadian 血. There were many questions 優れた with the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs, 主として with regard to the coast 漁業s, questions which were to give trouble in the 未来, but at the moment 非，不，無 were 緊急の. It was a season of political inertia.

But with the ordinary life of the 国民 it was さもなければ. There was a stirring on the 直面する of the waters, the beginnings of an 巨大な change in 経済的な 条件s and in the 見通し of the Canadian people. In 1870 the 開発 of Canada appeared to have come to a 行き詰まり, and it seemed as if all that was 価値（がある） 埋め立てるing from the wilds had been 埋め立てるd. In the 'eighties, in spite of a 保護の 関税, the 完成 of the Canadian 太平洋の 鉄道, and a modest にわか景気 in the North-West, the country still 停止（させる）d. But about 1896 the 隠す began to 解除する. The 解決／入植地 of America's virgin lands was almost 完全にする, and the American 開拓する began to turn his attention to Canada's hinterland. The minerals of the East and the corn-lands of the West were developed more 速く, and 板材ing, which had been a decaying 貿易（する）, was 生き返らせるd in the form of the 支持を得ようと努めるd-低俗雑誌 産業 in papermaking. A new activity in 鉄道／強行採決する building began, and the 歳入s of the Canadian 太平洋の rose by leaps and bounds. Little 郡区s in the prairies suddenly 拡大するd into cities, and towns appeared where before there had been only a shanty. Both 連邦の and 地方の 政府s 学校／設けるd a vigorous 移民／移住 政策, and the 割合 of the 移民，移住（する）s which （機の）カム from the British 小島s 大部分は 増加するd. A wave of hope and 信用／信任 passed over the land, and men looked with a correcter judgment at the 巨大な 資産s which before they had forgotten or undervalued.

Joined with this pride in their own 所有／入手s was another 肉親，親類d of pride, which 示すd a その上の 行う／開催する／段階 in Canada's 進歩 to self-conscious nationhood. The advent of Mr. Chamberlain at the 植民地の Office had wrought a 奇蹟 in 皇室の 行政. He had 決定するd to understand for himself the mind of the overseas dominions, and make it understood by every home 公式の／役人. The 見通し of 皇室の 開発, to which Cecil Rhodes had given a captivating 力／強力にする, was 存在 changed into a 推論する／理由d 政策, which yet did not 欠如（する） the glamour of a dream. The 影響 was remarkable in Britain, where the 植民地s became a 流行の／上流の 利益／興味, and lost that atmosphere of dreariness which had repelled earlier 世代s. It was still more 著名な in the Dominions themselves, where politics suddenly 中止するd to be parochial, and the 皇室の tie was transformed from a platitude into an inspiration. The Canadian, proud of his own land and newly awake to its 可能性s, 設立する his 成果／努力s 刺激するd by the consciousness that that land was a part of the greatest 連合 known to history, which too, like Canada, was but at the 手始め of its 勝利を得た 旅行. To an 経済的な 復活 was 追加するd a spiritual enlargement.

Minto thus entered upon office at a most 批判的な and fascinating 時代 in Canadian life. The 総理大臣 with whom he had to work was the most 著名な 人物／姿／数字 in Canadian politics since Sir John Macdonald. Sir Wilfrid Laurier, now fifty-seven years of age, had already won a 評判 which might 井戸／弁護士席 be called international. He had visited England the year before during the Queen's Diamond Jubilee, and had …に出席するd the first 皇室の 会議／協議会 ever held, and by his eloquence and breadth of 見通し had impressed both the British and the French peoples. He seemed to 連合させる what was best in both cultures, and to understand both traditions; his devotion to his own race and Church was 解放する／自由な from particularism and clericalism, and he could mellow the bustling 事柄-of-factness of British Canada with sympathy and imagination. Though the 自由主義の leader in his own country, his temperament was 自然に 保守的な--用心深い, loving precedents, 極度の慎重さを要する to tradition, 堅固に rooted in the past.

In such a man Minto had a like-minded and 同情的な 同僚, whom he could regard with both 賞賛 and affection. But it was a 同僚 and not a 独裁者. In the nature of things, with 皇室の and Canadian 事件／事情／状勢s closely interwoven, and with Mr. Chamberlain at the 植民地の Office, it was impossible for the new 知事-General to be 単に a みごたえのある 人物／姿／数字, 開始 and 解散させるing 議会s and giving (a)自動的な／(n)自動拳銃 assent to 法令／条例s. He was a 代表者／国会議員 of a new school of 皇室の thought which Canada could not ignore; and with this new spirit abroad his office took on a greater significance. While he must rely often on Laurier, he brought much to the 共同. Sir Wilfrid was a 政治家, but he was above all things a consummate 政治家，政治屋, whose first 商売／仕事 it was to 調和させる 相反する races and parties and 利益／興味s. It is a 最初の／主要な 義務 and a necessary 仕事, but in it a man is apt to lose 簡単. The devotion and 正直さ of the Prime 大臣 were beyond question, but in the honourable opportunism which his work 要求するd there might いつかs be a 欠如（する） of 視野 and a want of vigour. To the manipulator of a political machine a 危険 may seem greater, a 始める，決める-支援する more final, than is the fact. It was Minto's 最高の 長所 that he saw things 明確に and 簡単に, without the irrelevant subtleties with which the practice of 法律 or politics clogs the most honest minds, and that his 幅の広い humanity enabled him いつかs to read more 正確に the heart of the plain man than the plain man's 公式の／役人 exponents.

A 知事-General in an 自治権のある Dominion walks 必然的に on a かみそり 辛勝する／優位. His 力／強力にするs are like those of a 憲法の 君主, brittle if too ひどく 圧力（をかける）d, a 影をつくる／尾行する if tactlessly advertised, 相当な only when 演習d 慎重に in the background. Once in conversation Sir Wilfrid Laurier gave his 見解（をとる） of the position: "The Canadian 知事-General," he said, "long ago 中止するd to 決定する 政策, but he is by no means, or need not be, the mere figurehead the public imagine. He has the 特権 of advising his 助言者s, and, if he is a man of sense and experience, his advice is often taken. Much of his time may be 消費するd in laying corner-石／投石するs and listening to boring 演説（する）／住所s, but corner-石／投石するs must be laid, and people like a touch of colour and 儀式 in life." Sir Wilfrid Laurier was too shrewd a man to underrate the 儀式の 味方する of the 義務s of His Majesty's 代表者／国会議員s ("Let not Ambition mock their useful toil"); and he put his finger on one 決定的な 機能（する）／行事, that of advising their 公式の／役人 助言者s, the 保護／拘留 of the custodians. But a second 機能（する）／行事, not いっそう少なく 決定的な, he omitted--their 仕事 of 解釈する／通訳するing to Britain the ideals and 目的（とする）s of the Dominion, and, conversely, of expounding to the Dominion the intricate problems of the mother-country. These two 機能（する）／行事s--often obscured for the ordinary 国民 by the 霧 of 儀式の--are of the first importance in our 皇室の system, and of a high degree of delicacy and difficulty. Advice to 大臣s in their 行政の work, and a constant 成果／努力 to make sure that Britain and the Dominion see with the same 注目する，もくろむs and speak the same language--these are 義務s which make far greater 需要・要求するs upon character and brain than the 平易な work of a 独裁者. There have been many 失敗s の中で those sent abroad to 代表する the British 栄冠を与える, 予定 大部分は to the 辛うじて circumscribed area from which they are chosen; but that does not derogate from the tremendous importance of the office or belittle the success of the rare few who have 後継するd. For the first 仕事-advice--the main 資格 is experience and native shrewdness; for the second-解釈／通訳--an 警報 sympathy and an open mind. In the conversation which has been 引用するd Sir Wilfrid had something to say of the 知事-Generals he had known. Minto he held remarkable for his sound sense and "a stronger man than was thought"--a high compliment, for no 知事-General should have a popular repute for strength: it 産む／飼育するs 疑惑 in a young nation. "When he （機の）カム to Canada first, he was 絶対 untrained in 憲法の practice . . . but he took his 義務s to heart, and became an 効果的な 知事, if いつかs very stiff."* The first 宣告，判決 is the truth; Minto had no training in methods of 政府, and had all his experience to acquire. In his 機能（する）／行事 of 助言者, その結果, he had to 企て，努力，提案 his time till he learned his 商売／仕事. But on one 支配する, that of 武装した defence, he was already an 専門家, and, as it chanced, this 支配する （機の）カム to the 最前部 in the earliest months of his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office, and he played a part in advising, controlling, and 刺激するing his 大臣s which was new in the annals of the Dominion. It was in this 関係, no 疑問, that he earned with them the 評判 of 存在 "very stiff." In considering Minto's Canadian 記録，記録的な／記録する it will be 井戸／弁護士席 to 取引，協定 first with this group of 軍の questions; they were the 支配するs of all others to which his 利益／興味 was 誓約（する）d, and in which he could speak from the first with clearness and 当局.

* Life and Letters of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, by O. D. Skelton, II., page 86, 公式文書，認める.

II

Under the 行為／法令／行動する which brought the Dominion of Canada into 存在 the British 政府 had assumed 十分な 責任／義務 for the defence of the Canadian frontier. The old Canadian 徴収する, 含むing a large 割合 of men of French 血, had distinguished itself in the war of 1812 with the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs, and Lord Wolseley, when on the staff in Canada in the 早期に 'sixties, had 用意が出来ている an admirable 枠組み of a 民兵 system which had been bequeathed to Canada with the 認める of self-政府. In 1872 the British 軍隊／機動隊s, だいたい 10,000 in number, had been 孤立した with the exception of the 守備隊 at Halifax, and when Minto （機の）カム into office there remained of British 正規の／正選手s only the small detachments at Halifax and Esquimault under a British 中尉／大尉／警部補-General, while the main defence was in the 手渡すs of the Canadian 民兵. This 民兵 was a 純粋に Canadian 軍隊, under the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the 大臣 of 民兵 and Defence, but 命令（する）d by a British officer, who was paid from Canadian 基金s. It consisted of a small 永久の 核, which in 1898 was only 850 strong, ４半期/4分の1d in さまざまな schools, and used 主として for the training of the volunteer 民兵, which 召集（する）d in the same year about 35,000. Its efficiency had been 許すd to 拒絶する／低下する, for the 政府 of the Dominion, with Britain to lean on, was not inclined to 利益／興味 itself unduly in what seemed the academic question of defence. This was true of whatever party was in 力／強力にする; Sir John Macdonald and Sir Charles Tupper had been no いっそう少なく supine than Sir Wilfrid Laurier. The 商売／仕事 of the 民兵 was left in the 手渡すs of a few 熱中している人s, who were regarded by the 政治家，政治屋s at the best with a good-natured toleration, as strange people who 手配中の，お尋ね者 to play at 兵士s; and 議会, whether 自由主義の or 保守的な, 投票（する）d 供給（する）s from year to year with scarcely disguised 不本意. A sum of ｣300,000 was considered enough for the 目的, the 同等（の） of one shilling and fourpence per 長，率いる of the 全住民, by far the smallest 出資／貢献 in the British Empire. Under such circumstances it would have been a 奇蹟 if the 民兵 had 保存するd any high 基準 of competence. Its training was poor, its 行政の services were rudimentary, it had nothing of what the Germans call the intendantur 味方する. It was the Cinderella of the public services, a 譲歩 to the fussiness of Britain, and useful 主として to 供給する a modest patronage for 政治家，政治屋s.

But the Venezuela difficulty in the winter of 1895-96 had stirred the better 肉親，親類d of Canadian opinion to a juster 見解（をとる）. War with America, however much it might be regarded as both a 失敗 and a 罪，犯罪, was seen to be within the bounds of 可能性. General Nelson Miles, the 指揮官-in-長，指導者 of the Army of the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs, had 宣言するd that any 軍隊／機動隊s which the British 海軍 could 輸送（する） would be wholly 不十分な for the defence of Canada against the 軍隊 which his country could put into the field. "By the time these 大型船s could go 支援する for 増強s and return there would probably be no British 軍隊／機動隊s in Canada to be 増強するd . . . Canada would 落ちる into our 手渡すs as a 事柄 of course."* And Mr. Henrichson, 大統領 Cleveland's 長官 of 明言する／公表する, had 発表するd that he thought a war with England would be "a very good thing. Our country needs a war about once in a 世代. It serves to keep alive the American spirit; opens the field for the 支出 of a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of superfluous energy, enthusiasm, and patriotism; gives 雇用 to a large number of people who would rather fight than work, and deadens the bitterness between 政党s." These were foolish utterances, but they （機の）カム from responsible men, and thinking Canadians could not but regard with 苦悩 Canada's land frontier of 3,800 miles, where, in place of the three 大勝するs of attack open from the south in 1812, there were now at least ten 借りがあるing to the 鉄道 開発 of her southern 隣人. The problem of Canadian defence was not insoluble, but it 需要・要求するd an energy and 知能 which had so far been conspicuously 欠如（する）ing in her 政府.

* San Francisco Examiner, December 23, 1895.

At the same time the question was 存在 raised from the other 味方する of the 大西洋. In 見解（をとる） of the growing menace of Germany, British 兵士s, and an 時折の British 政治家, were turning their thoughts to the 事柄 of Britain's 皇室の 義務／負債s, and 試みる／企てるing to work out a system of 地元の defence for each part of the Empire, and a co-operative 計画／陰謀 for the defence of the Empire as a whole. This 伴う／関わるd no tampering with 植民地の 自治. Its 目的（とする） was by advice and 援助 to enable each 部隊 to place its own defence on a sound basis, and at the same time so to arrange the lines of such 地元の defence that, in the event of Britain 存在 engaged in war, a dominion would be able, if it so decided, to （判決などを）下す 誘発する and 効果的な 援助. The younger school of 兵士s, under the inspiration of Lord Wolseley, 始める，決める to work vigorously on the problem. The 植民地の Defence 委員会 induced the Canadian 政府 to ask for a Defence （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 of three 著名な 兵士s to go to Canada in July 1898 and 報告（する）／憶測 on Canada's problem. In August Major-General Edward Hutton (afterwards Lieut.-General Sir Edward Hutton) left England to take 命令（する） of the Canadian 民兵. He had already done good work in New South むちの跡s, where the 原則 of his "協同組合 defence" had been 受託するd by the different Australian 政府s, he was one of the best known of Wolseley's younger disciples, and his 任命 seemed to 先触れ（する） an 時代 of 改革（する） and construction in Canada's neglected defences. Moreover, he had been at Eton with Minto, had been a brother officer of his in Egypt and a fellow-労働者 in the 原因（となる） of the 機動力のある infantry. If Canada was in earnest in the 事柄, it looked as if she had 設立する the 権利 man to carry out the work.

General Hutton was a 兵士 of high character, of real 軍の talent, and of unsparing energy. He had already had experience of working with a Dominion 政府, and he realized that his 仕事 must be a delicate one; he was the servant of Canada, not of Britain; he could not dictate, but must 説得する and advise, and in all things carry the 大臣s with him. On 確かな 事柄s like 内部の discipline he must 明確に be 最高の, but in all others he was the subordinate of the 民兵's 閣僚 代表者／国会議員. But he was an 熱中している人, and an 熱中している人 was the last thing that Sir Wilfrid Laurier's 閣僚 手配中の，お尋ね者 in a domain in which they were something いっそう少なく than half-hearted. A 自由主義の 政府 is always in a difficult position as regards questions of 武装した defence, for the word has an ugly 保守的な sound. Moreover, the 総理大臣 借りがあるd much of his 力／強力にする to the French-Canadians in Quebec, who had shown a 示すd 敵意 to the whole 商売／仕事, and, 存在 a most 用心深い 政治家，政治屋, he was averse to the 支出 of money or time on 事柄s which, though he was 用意が出来ている to 収容する／認める their importance as an abstract proposition, had small electioneering value. The 大臣 of 民兵, Dr. (afterwards Sir) Frederick Borden, was a country 銀行業者 and 内科医 from Nova Scotia, who held indeed a 外科医's （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 in the 民兵, but had no serious knowledge of 軍の 事件／事情／状勢s. He had many amiable 質s; but he was neither a 勇敢な man nor an able man, and he conceived his 義務s 主として as a balancing of party 利益／興味s and a judicious 演習 of party patronage. の中で the other members of the 閣僚 one of the strongest, Mr. F. W. Scott, the 国務長官, was an irascible Irishman, who had not wholly shaken off the anti-British prepossessions of his 青年; and Mr. イスラエル Tarte, the 大臣 of Public 作品, was of so cross-（法廷の）裁判 a temper that it was hard to foretell what line he would take on any 支配する or by what fantastic 推論する／理由s he would 正当化する it. To the Laurier 政府 the advent of General Hutton was far from welcome. This ardent 存在, with a （疑いを）晴らす 目的 and boundless vitality, might commit his masters against their will, and 軍隊 them into a road where they saw no 利益（をあげる）. Accordingly their apathy on 事柄s of defence 常習的な into distaste, almost into 敵意. The 報告（する）／憶測 of the Defence 委員会 was pigeon-穴を開けるd; Minto could only get 接近 to it after repeated 需要・要求するs, Hutton was never shown it at all. The new 指揮官 of the 民兵 was coldly received, and for long was 否定するd an interview with his 公式の／役人 superiors.

Flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta movebo. A man in such circumstances might have 産する／生じるd to a foolish 誘惑 to turn to the political 対立; but Hutton was too much in earnest to give way to pique, so he flung himself without その上の words into the 義務s of his office. These 義務s, as he saw them, were fourfold. As an 専門家 he must rouse Canadian opinion to the reality of the need of a proper defence; by awakening the enthusiasm of its members and of young men throughout the Dominion he must make the 民兵 a 軍隊 of the highest order of competence and discipline, must aggrandize its prestige and pluck Cinderella from the ashes; he must resist any political 干渉，妨害 with questions of discipline, and so make it a 国家の army, as 明確に outside party 影響（力） as the army of Britain; and, finally, he must endeavour to put the 軍隊 in such a position that, in the event of a war in which Canada decided to take part, her 援助 should be 誘発する and 効果的な. All of these four 目的s lay 厳密に within the four corners of his 公式の／役人 義務s. He was there to exalt his office; he was there to 安全な・保証する the efficiency of his 命令（する）; political 干渉，妨害 had admittedly done mischief in the past, but it was repudiated as a 政策 by responsible 大臣s. As for the question of bringing the Canadian 軍隊 into line with the other 軍隊s of the Empire, there was 十分な 令状 in Sir Wilfrid Laurier's eloquent speech the year before at the Diamond Jubilee. "England has 証明するd at all times that she can fight her own 戦う／戦いs, but if a day were ever to come when England was in danger, let the bugle sound, let the 解雇する／砲火／射撃s be lit on the hills, and in all parts of the 植民地s, though we may not be able to do much, whatever we can do will be done by the 植民地s to help her."* If such a generous 政策 was in the 総理大臣's contemplation, it was surely 権利 to 準備する in 前進する the ways and means.

* June 18,1897. See Sandford Evans: The Canadian 次第で変わる／派遣部隊s and Canadian 帝国主義, page 36.

Accordingly General Hutton 始める，決める himself with 信用／信任 and ardour to his 仕事. He got into touch at once with his 命令（する）. He 検査／視察するd the 民兵 分割s and visited in turn each 軍の 地区; he made the 知識 of the officers, and had soon won their 信用／信任 and stirred their enthusiasm. He took an 早期に 適切な時期, in a speech on October 14,1898, at Toronto, of expounding his ideal of a 国家の army 完全にする in all 武器, which was received by the 圧力（をかける） and the public with general 是認. His first 年次の 報告（する）／憶測, in which he 始める，決める 前へ／外へ in 詳細（に述べる） his 提案するd 改革（する）s, was 明らかに 受託するd without demur by the 政府 and met with no 批評 in 議会. 早期に in 1899 he had, indeed, a 小衝突 with his 大臣 over a disciplinary question, where party 影響（力） was used to 妨げる the 退職 of an incompetent man, but he 伸び（る）d his point, though only after かなりの 対立 in the 閣僚. Finally, in June, a general order 学校／設けるing a 民兵 医療の Service was 受託するd by the 政府 and published in the Gazette--a most 重要な step, for by that order the 原則 of a 国家の 民兵 army was first 公式に 認めるd. It may 公正に／かなり be said that during his first nine months of office he had won for his 計画／陰謀 a wide popular 受託 and awakened in Canada a new 軍の fervour. The trouble was that he was too successful, and with 大臣s his 在庫／株 sank daily lower. He was a propagandist, a missionary 解雇する／砲火／射撃d with an apostolic zeal, and apostles do not think 大いに of tact. His たびたび（訪れる） speeches, the constant interviews with him published by the newspapers, the 苦痛s he took to manipulate the 圧力（をかける）--with no other 動機 than to get technical 事柄s 正確に 明言する／公表するd--it all looked to the 政府 like the whirlwind （選挙などの）運動をする of a man who was 決定するd to carry the 大臣の 要塞 by 嵐／襲撃する. No one of his doings was a 違反 of 公式の／役人 etiquette; cumulatively, they left on 大臣s the impression of a subordinate too masterful for safety.

With Hutton's 政策 Minto was in 十分な 協定. It was a 事柄 to wllich he brought an 専門家 judgment, and in the multitude of novel 義務s he rejoiced to find one that was familiar. Hutton behaved as regards the 知事-General with a rare discretion. He saw that nothing but mischief would 続いて起こる if it appeared that he and His Majesty's 代表者／国会議員 were in too の近くに 同盟, so he did not 圧力（をかける） the （人命などを）奪う，主張するs of an old friendship, and let Minto take the first steps. Minto was of the same opinion; "it is better," he wrote, "that I myself should not appear too 軍の." But of his own （許可，名誉などを）与える he began to appear at 民兵 集会s and in some 事例／患者s to 演説（する）／住所 them, and he identified himself whenever occasion 申し込む／申し出d with the new 民兵 政策. He was not blind to the difficulties of the 状況／情勢. The new 政策 should have 起こる／始まるd with and been expounded by the 大臣 of 民兵; instead, that oracle remained silent, and it was left for the general-officer-命令（する）ing to do not only the spade work but the 解説，博覧会. Yet as both 仕事s lay within that officer's 義務s, and the 原則s had been 公然と blessed by the 総理大臣 and were 受託するd by the 集まり of the Canadian people, he could only hope for the best. But he saw that in such a 事柄 the 受託 of a 計画（する） was only the first step, and that the result depended on the spirit with which it was 施行するd; and between Hutton's vigour and 大臣の apathy a 広大な／多数の／重要な 湾 was 直す／買収する，八百長をするd. Moreover, there were the old difficulties of 強調 and 解釈／通訳, which are apt to 損なう any formal 協定.

The 知事-General was a 深遠な 信奉者 in the 未来 of the 民兵, and inclined to せいにする its defects, in part at least, to the British 兵士s who had been sent out to 命令（する） it. In a letter to Wolseley on April 21, 1899, he 要約するd his 見解（をとる）s:--

"These officers have been keen enough as regards 兵士ing on stereotyped lines, but they have not seemed to me 有能な of making 十分な allowance for 植民地の shortcomings, 予定 very much to want of knowledge of 軍の 決まりきった仕事 (not to any insubordinate spirit) and to the 批評 and political 影響（力）s which have pervaded 軍の 事柄s. . . . Hutton has attacked these difficulties with a very 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of tact. He has spoken out very 自由に as to 乱用s . . . but at the same time he has 示すd what せねばならない be done, and has put 今後 the 見解（をとる） that it 残り／休憩（する）s with the people of Canada to decide whether they will have an efficient 軍隊 or 許す the old evils to continue. The country itself is very 軍の in feeling, and he has struck a 権利 公式文書，認める, with the result that the people and the 圧力（をかける） 一般に are on his 味方する. . . . He really has put life into everything, is all over the place 組織するing and 問い合わせing, and entertains a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定, feeding 軍の, political, and 非軍事の society with 広大な／多数の／重要な judgment, and evidently excellent 影響!"

Minto went on to say that he himself had made a point of magnifying the social position of officers and 招待するing them to entertainments "on account of their 軍の 階級." But he 追加するd that there was an enormous 量 to be done. The 王室の 連隊 of Canada (the infantry 部分 of the 永久の 民兵) had not gone through a musketry course for three years, and many of the scattered 大軍 of the active 民兵 had not 前進するd beyond company 演習 and had never been 旅団d. Above all, there was no departmental organization, and without such 機械／機構 it was impossible to 進歩. Yet, as he told Wolseley and other 特派員s, he was 確信して that 改革（する） was on its way, and his one 恐れる was the malignant 影響 of political 利益／興味s.

Whenever he talked to Sir Wilfrid Laurier on the 事柄 he 設立する him 幅の広い-minded and 同情的な, but even from Sir Wilfrid he could not get the 保証／確信 he 手配中の，お尋ね者 about that 決定的な question on which the discipline and efficiency of a 国家の army must depend. There is a 公式文書，認める of a conversation* four years later in which the 総理大臣 率直に 明言する／公表するd a 見解（をとる） which was in the warp and woof of Canadian politics.

"As regards the 存在 of political 影響（力） Sir Wilfrid took up the line that in this country it was advisable to have a fair 分割 of political 影響（力） in the 軍隊; that Sir Frederick Borden had done a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 to 除去する political 影響（力） from the 民兵; that when the 自由主義の party （機の）カム into 力／強力にする they 設立する the 民兵 a hotbed of Toryism, and that now, though he 認めるd the desirability of getting rid of politics as much as possible, yet as a 事柄 of fact, if in the 事例／患者 of the raising of a new 連隊 the 保守的な 影響（力） was predominant, 自由主義のs would 簡単に 辞退する to join the 軍団, and such 連隊 would become, as 以前は, a 保守的な machine. I told him that to me the 承認 of politics in the 民兵 seemed 完全に unnecessary, and that it 簡単に 残り／休憩（する）d with the 大臣 of 民兵, when 推薦s were placed before him, to 支持する the 選択 of those men who were the most 有能な professionally. This 見解（をとる）, however, I know it is impossible to 説得する Sir Wilfrid to 受託する."

* June 14, 1904.

That a man of Laurier's 質 should have explicitly 明言する／公表するd a 見解（をとる） so 明らかに indefensible pointed to 確かな intricacies in Canadian public life of which no newcomers could be wholly cognizant; but they were 明確に difficulties which must stand most formidably in the way of that 国家の army ideal which Minto and Hutton had 始める，決める before them.

III

The （選挙などの）運動をする for 民兵 改革（する） had already borne fruit in a new popular 利益／興味 in defence questions when from South Africa （機の）カム the first mutterings of the coming war. Minto 株d to the 十分な the new 約束 in the 可能性s of an Empire, of which all the parts should be drawn into an 有機の union, but, as was his habit he 想像するd that 未来 soberly, 事実上, and without rhetoric. He profoundly admired the 植民地の 長官 but he was no blind hero-worshipper; he had not been sent to Canada as was rumoured in some ４半期/4分の1s, to carry out Mr. Chamberlain's 政策, for he had^ever been closely in touch with Mr. Chamberlain, and had often 非難するd him. On South African questions he had 設立する himself out of sympathy with Mr. Rhodes and his 信奉者s and he had vigorously 非難するd the whitewashing of the Jameson （警察の）手入れ，急襲; his inclination was rather toward the Boers and their wily 大統領 than に向かって the new-rich of Johannesburg. But in the years between 1895 and 1899 while Lord Milner was 努力する／競うing to 明らかにする the 問題／発行する, he had come--reluctantly, if we may 裁判官 from his 私的な letters*--to the 決定／判定勝ち（する） that the 政府 of the Boer 共和国s was 追求するing a course which must be 放棄するd or end in war, and that if war （機の）カム, Britain, in spite of many 失敗s of 詳細（に述べる）, would be 正当化するd. This was also the 見解（をとる） of Sir Wilfrid Laurier and most of his 大臣s. On July 31, 1899, a 決意／決議, moved by the 総理大臣, was 全員一致で carried in 議会, 表明するing the sympathy of Canada with the 成果／努力s of Britain to 得る 司法（官） for British 支配するs in the Transvaal. It was 大統領 Kruger's 否定 of the franchise which 特に 影響（力）d Sir Wilfrid, and his hope was that "this 示す of sympathy, of 全世界の／万国共通の sympathy, 延長するing from continent to continent and encircling the globe, might 原因（となる） wiser and more humane counsels to 勝つ／広く一帯に広がる in the Transvaal, and かもしれない 回避する the awful arbitrament of war." On this point Canada was nearly 全員一致の, but Canada was neither 井戸／弁護士席-知らせるd nor 大いに 関心d. The trouble seemed small and remote to a people very much busied with its own 事件／事情／状勢s.

* He wrote to his brother Arthur on 28th September: "It will be a war, if we fight, which, in my opinion, will always be wrapped in 悔恨, however 井戸／弁護士席 our 兵士s come out of it. . . . I would fight for the 保護 of the 最高位の 力／強力にする if it is in danger, but it is the 政策 which has led up to it which has been so 致命的な. We have never been courteous to the Boers. . . . In my opinion the last 段階 of South African history began at Majuba Hill, when we chose to let an ignorant people who had beaten us three times remain with that idea in their 長，率いるs; but, having done so, we might have behaved with greater dignity. . . . We shall 勝利，勝つ and get all South Africa; but how shall we have got it? And what a mean 遺産 of bad feeling we shall have! . . . I don't yet believe in war, but I can't put half my heart in it if it does come."

In the spring of that year there had begun the intricate 交渉s 関心ing Canada's 株 in a possible war which must be carefully traced. In March 1899 the War Office and the Admiralty raised the question of the 力／強力にするs of Britain under the 民兵 行為／法令／行動する to 要求する the Canadian 民兵 to serve outside Canada in time of war. Section 79 of that 行為／法令／行動する 明らかに gave the 権利 to call out the 民兵 for service "within or without Canada," but Sir John Macdonald in 1885 had been of opinion that this referred only to crossing the frontier in the event of war with the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs, and that there was no 力／強力にする to move 軍隊／機動隊s outside the North American continent. This was also Minto's 解釈／通訳; but when he 協議するd Laurier and his 閣僚 he 設立する that they took a different 見解（をとる）. On the letter of the 行為／法令／行動する they held that in time of war the 皇室の 政府 could move Canadian 軍隊／機動隊s anywhere--a point in which they were probably 権利; but Sir Wilfrid 追加するd that the 決定的な question seemed to him to be, not whether the theatre of war was at home or abroad, but whether the 軍隊／機動隊s were 要求するd for the defence of Canada. "They no 疑問 feel やめる 安全な in this opinion," Minto wrote, "as there is not a 選び出す／独身 連隊 of the active 民兵 有能な of 存在 sent out as a 部隊 on foreign service." In putting the question before the 総理大臣 Minto had 追加するd that he was inclined "to draw a 際立った line between an 公式の／役人 calling out by the Queen of Canadian 軍隊／機動隊s for foreign service, and the 申し込む／申し出ing of Canadian 軍隊／機動隊s by the Dominion, which I feel 確かな would be enthusiastically made if the Empire were 脅すd." Canada had never shown a 欠如（する） of fighting spirit. Her sons had fought in thousands for the North in the American Civil War; they had volunteered in the Crimean War and the Indian 反乱（を起こす）; they had 申し込む／申し出d themselves in the Sudan War of 1884, but as their 政府, while ready to 容易にする the raising of a 次第で変わる／派遣部隊, had felt itself unable to 支払う／賃金 for it, the 申し込む／申し出 had not been 受託するd. In any war of Britain's it might be assumed that some 肉親，親類d of Canadian 軍隊 would be 利用できる; the questions were, whether the British 政府 could count, as of 権利, on any 限定された numbers, and whether the Canadian 政府 could or would 申し込む／申し出, as of grace, to 用意する a 次第で変わる／派遣部隊. The first question Sir Wilfrid Laurier answered in the affirmative, 供給するd the war were for Canada's defence; as to the second he gave no 調印する.

In a letter of 3rd July Mr. Chamberlain 予測（する） the 最終提案 to 大統領 Kruger, and asked categorically whether, should this happen, there would be an 申し込む／申し出 of Canadian 軍隊／機動隊s to serve with Her Majesty's 軍隊s. "Such a proof of the まとまり of the Empire would have a 広大な／多数の／重要な moral 影響 and might go far to 安全な・保証する a pacific 解決／入植地. Is such an 申し込む／申し出 probable? If so, it should be made soon, but I do not 願望（する） that it should be the result of 外部の 圧力 or suggestion." What at this 行う／開催する／段階 was 願望（する）d was an 皇室の demonstration to 妨げる war. Minto at once communicated with Laurier, to whom he wrote:--

"In this particular 危機 the demonstration of such strength would be invaluable; but its 影響s would, I think, reach far beyond the difficulty of to-day. It would signify the 受託 of a 原則 which I believe would tend not only to 強化する enormously the Empire 一般に, but which would also 強固にする／合併する／制圧する the individual strength, credit, and 安全 of each of the offspring of the mother-country. Of course, I am やめる aware that questions of 皇室の 緊急 may arise in which a 植民地, 深く，強烈に 利益／興味d in its own 開発, may very 正確に，正当に not see its way to 補助装置; but a proof of a possible 皇室の まとまり, once 展示（する）d before the 注目する，もくろむs of the world, would, I believe, do much for the 未来 history of the mothercountry and her 植民地s. It is a 原則 which appears to be fraught with 広大な／多数の／重要な 可能性s, and 本人自身で, as an old friend of Canada, nothing would please me better than seeing her first in the field in 受託するing it."

Minto honestly put all his cards on the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する. Any Canadian 申し込む／申し出 must be spontaneous; but it was his 義務, as a friend of the 総理大臣 and a 支持者 of the country, to put before him the chances and hopes of the 状況／情勢 as he himself saw them.

The 即座の result was the 決意／決議 of sympathy with British 支配するs in the Transvaal moved in 議会 on 31st July--a course which Sir Wilfrid had 辞退するd to follow three months earlier. "本人自身で," he had then written to Minto, "I feel very 堅固に with them, but it would be more than 疑わしい 知恵 to pretend to have a word to say in such a question. I told those who approached me very きっぱりと that we might leave the 事柄 in the 手渡すs of Lord Salisbury." Things had moved since then, a 危機 was 切迫した, the 対立 was 圧力（をかける）ing the 政府 for a 宣言, and individual members of the 対立 were 勧めるing an 申し込む／申し出 of 軍隊／機動隊s, while the British 圧力（をかける） kept dropping hints to the same 影響. A few days later 議会 was prorogued, but before it rose Sir Wilfrid had replied to Minto's letter. "I am sorry that my 同僚s do not agree to that proposition, and I must 追加する that I 株 their 見解（をとる）s. The 現在の 事例／患者 does not seem to be one in which England, if there is war, せねばならない ask us, or even to 推定する／予想する us, to take a part; nor do I believe that it would 追加する to the strength of the 皇室の 感情 to 主張する at this juncture that the 植民地s should assume the 重荷（を負わせる） of 軍の 支出, except--which God forbid!--in the 事例／患者 of 圧力（をかける）ing danger." There was 推論する／理由 in these words, for the 原則 to which the 知事-General had referred was an intricate 事柄. He hoped for a beau geste, which would have a direct political importance and a 広大な／多数の／重要な indirect sentimental value; but in the 武装した 出資／貢献 of a self-治める／統治するing 植民地 there were many 憲法の ramifications which the 首相 of such a 植民地 was bound to consider. A war was in prospect which could not be regarded as imperilling the 存在 of the Empire, and which by no stretch of imagination could be considered as one of Canadian defence. If Canada volunteered to 株 in it 公式に, the step might 伴う／関わる a new doctrine of Canadian 責任／義務 within the Empire. No Canadian 政治家 of any party--certainly not Sir John Macdonald--had definitely 受託するd the 原則 of Canada's 義務 to 株 in 皇室の defence; and this appeared to be scarcely even a question of 皇室の defence, for the coming （選挙などの）運動をする was looked on as a simple 事柄, likely to be soon finished, and 伴う／関わるing only the 利益／興味s of one locality. On the general question of the desirability of closer 関係 between all parts of the Empire there was small difference of 見解（をとる）; but this method of bringing about a closer 関係 opened out at once a 一連の problems which went to the root of 植民地の 自治. Canada might 井戸／弁護士席 find herself committed to the course of 株ing in all British wars, however remote their 利益／興味 for her and however little she was privy to the 政策 which had led to them; and, as a consequence, of 大いに 増加するing her 軍の 見積（る）s and losing something of her freedom.

It was a prospect which any responsible 植民地の 政治家 must 見解（をとる） with serious 苦悩. Moreover, the 自由主義の 政府 had their own special difficulties. They depended for their 力／強力にする 大部分は on Quebec, and French Canada was apathetic or 敵意を持った in the 直面する of the new 帝国主義. A 無分別な step might not only 伴う／関わる the Dominion in an 望ましくない 外部の 政策, but lead to 深い racial bitterness within its 国境s. Sir Wilfrid Laurier had every 推論する／理由 for moving circumspectly, and Minto, in 認めるing the 決意／決議 of 31st July, 認める the 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な 関わりあい／含蓄s of any step. A month later the former, in a speech defending his 政策, told his audience: "So long as I have the honour to 占領する my 現在の 地位，任命する you shall never see me carried away by passion, prejudice, or even enthusiasm. I have to think and consider." Beyond 疑問 his 解釈／通訳 of his 義務 was just.

* He wrote to Arthur Elliot (28th September): "From the point of 見解（をとる） of a Canadian 政治家 I don't see why they should commit their country to the 支出 of lives and money for a quarrel not 脅すing 皇室の safety and 直接／まっすぐに contrary to the opinion of a 植民地の 政府 at the Cape. They are loyal here to a degree, and would fight for the old country if in a difficulty to the last man, but I 自白する I 疑問 the advisability of their taking part now, from the point of 見解（をとる） of the Canadian 政府. Sir Wilfrid told me the other day that if the question was 再考するd he should call a 閣僚 会議 and ask me to be 現在の. I hope he Won't, for I should be in a nice muddle-my 長，指導者 at home かわきing for 血, all my friends here ditto, and myself, while 認めるing 皇室の 可能性s, also seeing the iniquity of the war, and that the time for 植民地の support has hardly yet arrived." It needed the 申し込む／申し出s of the other 植民地s to change his 見解（をとる） on this last point.

Minto had the enthusiasm which the 総理大臣 欠如（する）d, but on him also it was 現職の to move warily. He 願望（する）d that the conundrums which so perplexed Sir Wilfrid should be solved by Canada definitely 受託するing the 政策 of 株ing in 皇室の defence; but he 認めるd that such a step was a momentous 出発, and must be taken on Canada's own 率先. On one point he was 早期に 満足させるd; Hutton's work had not been in vain, and the new 軍の ardour which he had kindled would soon 明らかにする／漏らす itself in an 圧倒的な popular 需要・要求する for Canada's 参加 in the war. Throughout August and September 申し込む／申し出s of service 注ぐd in from 命令（する）ing officers of 大軍 of the active 民兵, and these were duly submitted through the 民兵 Department and the 知事-General to the 皇室の 当局. Other 植民地s 申し込む／申し出d 次第で変わる／派遣部隊s, but no such 申し込む／申し出 （機の）カム from Canada. 合間, Hutton, as he was bound to do, had worked out, in 協議 with Minto, a 詳細（に述べる）d 計画（する） for a Canadian 出資／貢献, should the occasion arise. The first idea was a small 旅団 of all 武器; but this seemed to be impossible, and an infantry 大隊 of eight companies was 代用品，人d. Every 協定 was made for raising, equipping, and 輸送（する）ing this 大隊, and the 計画（する） was duly 手渡すd to the 大臣 of 民兵, who was 本人自身で favourable to the 政策 of 与える／捧げるing 軍隊／機動隊s. During these months opinion in the 閣僚, fluid in July, had, under the 指導／手引 of Scott and Tarte, 常習的な against it, but in Canada 一般に there was a growing party in its favour, and Ontario 熱中している人s were laying 計画（する）s to 軍隊 the 政府's 手渡す. Hutton, having 用意が出来ている a 計画／陰謀 in every 詳細（に述べる） for a 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 should it be decided to send one, thought it wiser to 消える for a little from the scene of 活動／戦闘, lest he should appear to be 巻き込むd in such coercion, and started for a 小旅行する in the West. He was いっそう少なく happily 奮起させるd in a visit which he paid to Mr. Scott on his way through Ottawa, when he told him that if war （機の）カム public opinion in Canada would 軍隊 the 政府 to send 軍隊／機動隊s, a 見解（をとる） 怒って 否定するd by that 大臣. The 出来事/事件 gave colour to the notion, now 堅固に implanted in the mind of the 閣僚, that Hutton had been 申し込む／申し出ing a 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 to the War Office behind its 支援する.

On 3rd October the Canadian 軍の Gazette, an 非公式の 出版（物）, 発表するd that if war broke out the Canadian 政府 would 申し込む／申し出 a 軍隊 from the 民兵 for service in South Africa, and proceeded to give the 詳細（に述べる）s of Hutton's 計画／陰謀. With the article Hutton had nothing to do; it was the work of some one who 株d his 見解（をとる）s and was familiar with his work, but he would never have assented to an 試みる／企てる at the coercion of his superiors, which would have been in a high degree insubordinate and in flat contradiction of the 原則 he had 繰り返して 発表するd--"The general-officer-命令（する）ing only carries out the 政策 示すd to him by the people speaking through their 代表者／国会議員s." Sir Wilfrid Laurier, in an interview published in the Toronto Globe, 否定するd the rumour. The 民兵 行為／法令／行動する, he said, 権力を与えるd the Canadian 政府 to send 軍隊／機動隊s to fight abroad if Canada were menaced, but there was no such menace from the South African 共和国s. Even if the 政府 願望（する）d to do so, they could not send 軍隊／機動隊s without 許可 of 議会. There had been no 申し込む／申し出 of an 公式の／役人 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 to Britain; only individual 申し込む／申し出s had been transmitted home.

The 告示 opened the flood-gates of the 嵐／襲撃する. Sir Wilfrid 出発／死d for Chicago to keep an 約束／交戦, and in his absence 論争 激怒（する）d throughout the land. It was very plain that a 広大な／多数の／重要な 大多数 of the people 願望（する）d that Canada should do what every other British 植民地 had already done and 申し込む／申し出 a 次第で変わる／派遣部隊, and Sir Charles Tupper marshalled the 軍隊s of the 保守的な 対立 to the 援助（する） of the popular clamour. On 10th October the Boers 侵略するd British 領土 and war began. Sir Wilfrid returned on the 12th to find his 閣僚 divided and the country in an uproar.

合間, on 3rd October an important cable had been received from Mr. Chamberlain:--

"国務長官 for War and 指揮官-in-長，指導者 願望（する） to 表明する high 評価 of signal 展示 of 愛国的な spirit of people of Canada shown by 申し込む／申し出s to serve in South Africa, and to furnish に引き続いて （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） to 補助装置 organization of 軍隊s 申し込む／申し出d into 部隊s suitable for 軍の 必要物／必要条件s. Firstly, 部隊s should consist of about 125 men; secondly, may be infantry, 機動力のある infantry, or cavalry--in 見解（をとる） of numbers already 利用できる, infantry most, cavalry least, serviceable; thirdly, all should be 武装した with .303 ライフル銃／探して盗むs or carbines, which can be 供給（する）d by 皇室の 政府 if necessary; fourthly, all must 供給する own 器具／備品 and 機動力のある 軍隊／機動隊s own horses; fifthly, not more than one captain and three subalterns each 部隊. Whole 軍隊 may be 命令（する）d by officer not higher than major. In considering numbers which can be 雇うd, 長官 for War, guided by nature of 申し込む／申し出s, by 願望（する） that each 植民地 should be 公正に／かなり 代表するd, and by 限界s necessary if 軍隊 is to be fully 利用するd by 利用できる staff as integral 部分 of 皇室の 軍隊s, would 喜んで 受託する four 部隊s. 条件s as follows: 軍隊／機動隊s to be disembarked at port of 上陸 South Africa, fully equipped at cost of 植民地の 政府 or volunteers. From date of disembarkation 皇室の 政府 will 供給する 支払う／賃金 at 皇室の 率s, 供給（する）s and 弾薬／武器, and will defray expenses of 輸送（する） 支援する to Canada, and 支払う／賃金 負傷させる 年金s and compassionate allowances at 皇室の 率s. 軍隊／機動隊s to 乗る，着手する not later than 31st October, 訴訟／進行 direct to Cape Town for orders. 知らせる accordingly all who have 申し込む／申し出d to raise volunteers."

A needless mystery was made of this 電報電信, and it was assumed by some that it was a design on the part of Mr. Chamberlain to commit Canada by 受託するing an 申し込む／申し出 which had not been made. It was 明白に a circular message sent to all 植民地s who had 申し込む／申し出d 軍隊／機動隊s 公式に or 非公式に, and it might be taken in Canada's 事例／患者 to 言及する to the individual 申し込む／申し出s of service already transmitted home. にもかかわらず, it put _the Canadian 政府 in a quandary. If the さまざまな 大隊 指揮官s and 連隊s that had volunteered went abroad for service it must be with the 政府's 許可／制裁 and 援助. Having gone thus far, they must perforce go その上の, in 見解（をとる） of the 態度 of other 植民地s and the growing popular clamour in Canada. The 代案／選択肢s were to 用意する an 公式の／役人 次第で変わる／派遣部隊, or to tell Mr. Chamberlain that he had made a mistake and that the 政府 could not agree to the 受託 by Britain of the 申し込む／申し出s by individuals which had been transmitted; nay, the practical choice was 狭くするd to an 公式の／役人 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 or 辞職.

Minto was in New York when Mr. Chamberlain's cable arrived and Hutton was in the North-West. The message was at once 今後d to Sir Wilfrid, and a copy sent to Minto, and it would have remained 私的な had not the British 圧力（をかける） published the pith of it, so that its contents were almost at once accessible to the Canadian people, and 追加するd 燃料 to the 解雇する／砲火／射撃s of agitation. At first there was no 調印する of 産する／生じるing on the part of the 閣僚, and on 4th October Mr. Chamberlain wrote to Minto, in 深い 失望, a letter which seems to 否定する the obvious meaning of his 電報電信 of the previous day. "We do not ーするつもりである to 受託する any 申し込む／申し出 from volunteers. We do not want the men, and the whole point of the 申し込む／申し出 would be lost unless it was 是認するd by the 政府 of the 植民地." Till Sir Wilfrid's return on the 12th, Minto scrupulously 差し控えるd from any communication with the 皇室の 政府. After that day the 閣僚 sat almost continuously. There were three parties--the intransigents from Quebec, who 反対するd to any 出資／貢献; those who sought a half-way house on the 条件 of the 電報電信 of 3rd October; and those who 手配中の，お尋ね者 a Canadian 次第で変わる／派遣部隊, paid for by Canada and 保存するing its individuality. The struggle really lay between the first and third, between Mr. Tarte, who based his 対立 on the ground that if Canada were to 株 in Britain's wars she must 株 in Britain's 会議s, and the Ontario leaders, who knew the drift of popular feeling in their 州. On the 12th Minto cabled home that there was no hope of a 次第で変わる／派遣部隊, but next day the 圧力 of public opinion 納得させるd the doubters and carried the day. An order-in-会議 was passed, an ingenious 文書 でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd to 保存する an 空気／公表する of consistency. After reciting Mr. Chamberlain's 提案s of 3rd October, it went on:--

"The 総理大臣, in 見解（をとる） of the 井戸／弁護士席-known 願望（する） of a 広大な／多数の／重要な many Canadians who are ready to take service on such 条件s, is of opinion that the 穏健な 支出 which would thus be 伴う／関わるd for the 器具／備品 and transportation of such volunteers may readily be undertaken by the 政府 of Canada without 召喚するing 議会, 特に as such an 支出, under such circumstances, cannot be regarded as a 出発 from the 井戸／弁護士席-known 原則s of 憲法の 政府 and 植民地の practice, nor construed as a precedent for 未来 活動／戦闘. Already, under 類似の 条件s, New Zealand has sent two companies, Queensland is about to send 250 men, and West Australia and Tasmania are sending 125 men each. The 総理大臣 therefore recommends that out of the 蓄える／店s now 利用できる in the 民兵 Department the 政府 請け負う to 用意する a 確かな number of volunteers, not to 越える 1,000 men, and to 供給する for their transportation from this country to South Africa, and that the 大臣 of 民兵 make all necessary 手はず／準備 to the above 影響."

In his letter to Mr. Chamberlain of 14th October, Minto 述べるs the 状況／情勢 as he saw it:--

"I think it is （疑いを）晴らす that the 軍隊／機動隊s would not have been 申し込む／申し出d unless the manifestation of public feeling had 強化するd the 手渡すs of the Ontario member of the 閣僚, and this 爆発 of public 不満 was no 疑問 brought about by the sense of the cable of 3rd October becoming known, and by the natural irritation 原因（となる）d here by seeing other 植民地s sending their 次第で変わる／派遣部隊s while Canada was left out in the 冷淡な. . . . Sir Wilfrid's position has been a peculiar one. I understood from him 初めは that, as I think I have told you, he 本人自身で was rather inclined to make the 申し込む／申し出; but latterly he seems to have changed his ground. He says now that, though he 完全に 認可するs the 活動／戦闘 of the 皇室の 政府 in South Africa, and 収容する／認めるs the undoubted necessity of war, he has not been inclined to 収容する／認める the 政策 of this 植民地 受託するing pecuniary 義務／負債s for the old country. He says that it is contrary to the traditions of Canadian history, and that he thinks Canada would （判決などを）下す 皇室の service in a better 形態／調整 by 与える／捧げるing to such 作品 as the Canadian 太平洋の 鉄道 and the defences of Esquimalt, etc. He considers, however, that the 受託 of your 申し込む／申し出 to 与える／捧げる to 支払う／賃金 and 輸送（する） of 軍隊／機動隊s so 最小限に減らすs the expense that the 原則 of 非，不，無-受託 of pecuniary 義務／負債 is hardly 出発／死d from . . . He is 完全に imperialistic, though he may have his 疑問s as to 植民地の 活動／戦闘. I like him very much. He takes a 幅の広い 見解（をとる） of things, and has an 極端に difficult team to 運動. But he is a Frenchman, and in 説 that I think one covers almost the entire 推論する／理由 for the Quebec 対立. Quebec is perfectly loyal, but you cannot on such an occasion 推定する／予想する Frenchmen to 所有する British enthusiasm or 完全に to understand it. . . . I have myself carefully 避けるd any 外見 of 圧力（をかける）ing for 軍隊／機動隊s, but I have put what I believe to be the 皇室の 見解（をとる） of the question 堅固に before Sir Wilfrid, and I have pointed out to him the danger of a 拒絶 存在 looked upon in the old country as want of sympathy here, 特に at a time when we must depend so much upon her good offices re Alaska, and no 疑問 in many other 未来 questions."

The 政府 had capitulated to popular opinion. To 保存する their 存在 they had done reluctantly what they had 宣言するd to be indefensible in 原則 and beyond their competence. Such a 決定／判定勝ち（する） carried no honour with it, and incontestably they lost in prestige, for Canada had appeared last in the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of 皇室の contributaries. Their 手渡す had been 軍隊d by the logic of events, and not by the 皇室の 政府, though Mr. Chamberlain's 電報電信 had played a part for which it had probably not been designed. In March 1900 Sir Wilfrid told Mr. Bourassa in 議会: "No, we were not 軍隊d by England; we were not 軍隊d by Mr. Chamberlain or by 負かす／撃墜するing Street to do what we did. . . . We 行為／法令／行動するd in the 十分な independence of our 君主 力／強力にする. What we did we did of our own 解放する／自由な will." In the 閣僚 there was much bitter feeling--against the home 当局 who had landed them in the 窮地;* against the 知事-General, who was 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑うd of having been in league with these home 当局; above all, against Hutton, who was credited with every 肉親，親類d of Machiavellian 陰謀（を企てる）. It is （疑いを）晴らす that such 疑惑s were wholly unjustified; Hutton was indeed 大部分は responsible for the result, but it was because in carrying out the strict 義務s of his office he had educated and 刺激するd that Canadian public opinion which carried the day against the inertia of 大臣s.

* The Canadian 政府 were する権利を与えるd to complain of an 明らかな 欠如（する） of candour in Mr. Chamberlain's 態度. His letter to Minto of 4th October expressly 支配するd out the 肉親，親類d of 出資／貢献 受託するd enthusiastically in his 電報電信 of 3rd October, and the fact that the contents of that 電報電信 were 許すd to 漏れる out to the British 圧力（をかける） 自然に 示唆するd an 試みる／企てる on the part of an astute man of 商売／仕事 to manoeuvre the Dominion into the 決定／判定勝ち（する） he 願望（する）d.

Minto had played a difficult part with 完全にする correctness, and this was presently 認めるd by his critics. Mr. Scott 自白するd to him that the 政府 had made a 失敗, and Mr. Tarte, that pedantic 充てる of 皇室の 連合, 受託するd the 必然的な and 約束d the 知事-General to do his best for the success of the 次第で変わる／派遣部隊. There was something about Mr. Tarte's 解雇する／砲火／射撃 and gusto which 控訴，上告d to Minto. "It is pleasant," he wrote to Mr. Chamberlain, "to find one man with the courage of his opinions even though he is wrong." It is difficult for the forthright and simple man to sympathize 大いに with the 当惑s of a party leader, or for one unversed in the niceties of 憲法の 法律 and practice to しっかり掴む the importance of what seems to him a trivial 審議ing point. In 演説（する）／住所ing the first 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 as it was leaving Quebec, Minto 宣言するd that "the people of Canada had shown that they had no inclination to discuss the quibbles of 植民地の 責任／義務." It was his only unguarded word on the whole 事柄, and it was 不正な to the 本物の 憲法の difficulty which Sir Wilfrid Laurier had to 直面する, and which Minto himself had 繰り返して 定評のある. It is true that Sir Wilfrid shirked that difficulty and decided on grounds of party expediency, but there is no 推論する／理由 to believe that it did not 重さを計る ひどく with him in 決定するing his 初めの 政策 of 拒絶.

The first 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 crossed the sea,* to be followed soon by a second 次第で変わる／派遣部隊; the 政府 raised an infantry 大隊 to 守備隊 Halifax and so 解放（する）d the Leinsters for active service; Lord Strathcona, as a 私的な 出資／貢献, furnished three 騎兵大隊s of 機動力のある ライフル銃／探して盗むs who won fame as Strathcona's Horse. Canada played an honourable and distinguished part in the South African War, as Paardeberg 証言するd, and Hutton, then 命令（する）ing a 機動力のある 旅団 in the field, saw with pride the prowess which he had helped to create. In everything that 関心d the 次第で変わる／派遣部隊s Minto took the keenest 利益／興味, and it was 大部分は 予定 to him that they were kept 損なわれていない as separate 部隊s, and not 分裂（する） up の中で British 連隊s, and that in the 選択 of the officers 軍の competence and not politics 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd.** The whole 出来事/事件 was an episode--a creditable and heartening episode, with a good moral 影響--but no more. No 憲法の precedent was created, no political conundrum was solved, no 原則 was 設立するd. Statesmen on both 味方するs of the House agreed to 扱う／治療する it as an 孤立するd and 関係のない 成果／努力, 場内取引員／株価 no 前進する in 皇室の theory. The 決定的な questions--the 未来 準備／条項 of Canada for her own defence and her relation to the defences of the Empire--were by general 同意 never raised. When Mr. Bourassa in the spring of 1900 asked 議会 to put on 記録，記録的な／記録する that the sending of the 次第で変わる／派遣部隊s did not create a precedent, he was ひどく 敗北・負かすd, but his 動議 代表するd the facts. Indeed, looking 支援する after the lapse of a ４半期/4分の1 of a century, it may be argued that Canada's 参加 in the South African War was a movement retrograde in its results. It tended to 増加する her particularism and foster a baseless sense of 安全. The 賞賛する 正確に，正当に given to her 軍隊／機動隊s was 自然に unqualified by 主張 upon their weak points, and the mistakes made by British generals and the 敗北・負かすs 苦しむd by British 正規の／正選手s gave her a wrong idea of her own 力／強力にするs of self-defence, and--連合させるd with the spectacle of Boer success--made her underestimate the value of 正規の／正選手 training. She was more inclined than ever to 信用 to improvization and to cavil at any 試みる／企てる to 標準化する the 軍の system of the Empire. The South African War was 運命にあるd to produce a 収穫 of 誤った generalizations, and the 見通し of a Canadian 国家の army lapsed into forgetfulness.

(* Footnote: Minto wrote to his wife 述べるing the 出発:-

"Everything was a magnificent success; the service in the Cathedral most impressive; the whole centre 十分な of 兵士s in uniform: the singing was splendid, every one joining in. About five hundred took the sacrament, the General and I going up first. The 軍隊／機動隊s were drawn up on three 味方するs of a square on the esplanade, just in 前線 of the 守備隊 Club, with their 支援するs to the ramparts, の近くに to the St. Louis Gate. The Stand 直面するd the Square. My 行列--self in blue uniform, cocked hat, etc.-was formed at the Club. We walked on to the ground and I went straight to the saluting point, and the 禁止（する）d played 'God save the Queen'; then I made my speech, then （機の）カム Sir Wilfrid, then the 市長's 演説（する）／住所; then カワウソ replied, and the General said a few words. At the の近くに of my speech I told カワウソ to tell the men to take off their helmets, and to give three 元気づけるs for the Queen, taking the time from me. It was a very 罰金 sight.")

** Footnote: Wolseley wrote to him: "I wish you were there in 命令（する） of all our 機動力のある 軍隊／機動隊s, and, I have no 疑問, so do you; but you are too much needed where you are. I know how much we have to thank you for the Canadian 次第で変わる／派遣部隊. It is not because it 追加するs to our strength so much as because it serves to draw the Dominions and the mother country together, that I value this move."

IV

The Laurier 政府, angry at their 損失d prestige, and irritated at 存在 compelled to carry out a 政策 which had not been theirs, 設立する a scapegoat in Hutton. The 行為／行う of the 知事-General had been too 訂正する for 批評, but that of the General 命令（する）ing the 民兵 gave many chances to his ill-wishers.

Hutton, instant in season and out of season, was too 選び出す／独身-hearted in his 目的 to walk warily. His ardour had made him many friends, but not a few implacable enemies. He had carefully 差し控えるd from flirting with the 対立, but his constant speeches, tuned to a high pitch of 皇室の 感情, and his たびたび（訪れる） direct and indirect communications to the 圧力（をかける） were bound to be 解釈する／通訳するd as a 批評 of 大臣s. Ill-advised utterances in 私的な conversation, much magnified by gossip, reached their ears and 増加するd their annoyance. It is fair to 認める that he was for the 政府 a most uncomfortable subordinate, though he cannot be said to have 越えるd the formal 限界s of his 義務s; it is not いっそう少なく fair to 認める that in the 追跡 of these 義務s he met with no 激励 from the 政府 and every 肉親，親類d of vexatious 障害. The 大臣 of 民兵 had, as Lord Rosebery said of Addington, the indescribable 空気／公表する of a village apothecary 検査／視察するing the tongue of the 明言する／公表する. He had fitful moments of vigour and 改革（する）ing zeal, but au fond he was a 政治家，政治屋, 熟考する／考慮するing 真面目に the political 晴雨計. 疑惑 of Hutton was soon changed to direct antagonism. さまざまな disciplinary questions were settled in the General's favour 借りがあるing to Sir Wilfrid's wise habit of 協議するing Minto; but presently the 空気／公表する became electric, the General was kept in the dark about 決定的な 事柄s 関心ing his 命令（する）, and had to 苦しむ much incivility. He kept his temper surprisingly 井戸／弁護士席, but daily the position became more uneasy. He longed to be in the field, but when he asked for leave of absence for that 目的 he was told curtly that he must first 辞職する his 地位，任命する. The 閣僚 would 喜んで have seen him in South Africa, because they wished him out of Canada, and they waited anxiously for the chance to dispense with his services.

That chance （機の）カム in January 1900 on the question of buying horses for the second 次第で変わる／派遣部隊. Hutton had 任命するd, with his 大臣's 是認, a 委員会 under 陸軍大佐 Kitson, the commandant of the 王室の 軍の College at Kingston, to 監督する 購入（する）s in the open market. It seems to have been 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑うd that the 協定 would be favourable to horse-売買業者s of the 保守的な 説得／派閥, so, without 協議するing the General, Dr. Borden 任命するd a 自由主義の member of 議会, connected with the horse 貿易（する）, to 報告（する）／憶測 upon all 購入（する）s. Hutton took the slight 井戸／弁護士席, but the その後の letters from the 大臣 were so elaborately rude that it seemed as if they were ーするつもりであるd to 軍隊 his 辞職. He had an interview with the 総理大臣, who could not be other than courteous, but it was made plain to him that his whole work and 態度 met with the 不賛成 of the 政府. "I 嘆願d 有罪の," said Hutton, "only to having roused the latent 軍の enthusiasm through all 階級s of the 民兵, and having 強化するd the innate feeling of patriotism に向かって the old country and the Empire, which already 存在するd in all parts of the Dominion." To this Sir Wilfrid made the 重要な answer that "he could see little difference between inculcating patriotism and 誘発するing 軍の enthusiasm, and party politics."

The next step was an interview between the 総理大臣 and the 知事-General. Sir Wilfrid did not 告発する／非難する Hutton of more than want of tact in 取引，協定ing with 大臣s and injudicious 表現s in public speeches, and 認める that the horse-対処するing episode might easily have been smoothed over; but he 宣言するd that 事柄s had come to a 行き詰まる, and that there was no other course left to him but to ask for Hutton's 解任する. Minto replied vigorously that in his 見解（をとる） Hutton was in the 権利, that the latter had fought against political 影響（力） in 民兵 行政, and that in this lay the secret of the whole trouble. If the 閣僚 asked for his 解任する he would, of course, 送信する／伝染させる the request to the 皇室の 政府, but he would feel bound in a covering 派遣（する） to 明言する／公表する 堅固に his own opinion; a course which Sir Wilfrid said might 強要する the 辞職 of his 政府. The 総理大臣 示唆するd that Hutton might be 許すd to go to South Africa in 命令（する）, say, of Strathcona's Horse, but Minto 宣言するd that that would be a "palpable 一時しのぎの物，策" which he could not 受託する. As he wrote to Mr. Chamberlain, he considered that the question of the G.O.C. in Canada should be put once for all on a proper basis, and that he ought, if necessary, to 受託する the 政府's 辞職, "I do not 収容する／認める any 権利 on the part of any 政府 to 推定する／予想する me to 差し控える from commenting to you 逆に on their 活動／戦闘."

On 20th January Minto submitted a memorandum setting 前へ／外へ his 見解（をとる）s; it was meant to be for the confidential （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） of the 総理大臣, but by some mistake it was submitted to the 閣僚. In it he pointed out the mischief of political 干渉，妨害 with the 民兵, the ineptitude of Dr. Borden's behaviour in the horsedealing 事例／患者 and the discourtesy of his whole 態度, and the difficulty of finding a 後継者 to Hutton, unless the position of the G.O.C. was 適切に 持続するd. He 追加するd the incontrovertible truth that, while by 法令 the 大臣 of 民兵 was 最高の, yet, by 受託するing the G.O.C. as his 軍の 助言者, he placed 事柄s of 軍の 決まりきった仕事 and 詳細（に述べる） in his 手渡すs, and that 干渉，妨害 in 事柄s thus 委任する／代表d would make the 地位，任命する of G.O.C. untenable by any self-尊敬（する）・点ing man. The 閣僚 replied with an immensely long discourse on 憲法の 法律, drawn up by the 大臣 of 司法（官）, which Sir Wilfrid 手渡すd to Minto with some amusement. The 推論する／理由ing of the discourse was impeccable, but it was wholly irrelevant to the question at 問題／発行する. Minto drily 再結合させるd that he 受託するd every word of the 文書; but that the 論争 was not as to 憲法の 原則s but as to the "best practical adaptation of them and as to the proper line of 境界設定 between civil and 軍の 当局 in regard to the smooth working of the 機械装置 of an army;" and 表明するd his "surprise at the suggestion that he could かもしれない 支持する for any 軍の officer a position 独立した・無所属 of 責任／義務 to a 大臣 of the 栄冠を与える."

その上の discussion with Sir Wilfrid did not alter the position. Minto 労働d hard to bring about a 解決／入植地, for, apart from other 推論する／理由s, he saw that Hutton would be hard to 取って代わる during the war, and that, with his 軍の 長官, Laurence Drummond, serving in South Africa, he would be left alone to grapple with the 民兵 Department. But the 閣僚 was 毅然とした, and on 7th February an order-in-会議 was passed asking for Muttons 解任する. Minto had hesitated for a little as to whether he should 調印する this order, but on reflection, as he wrote to Mr. Chamberlain, the wiser course seemed to be to 調印する it, to make his 抗議する to the 会議, and to 今後 the whole correspondence to the 皇室の 当局. "'It would be a 広大な／多数の／重要な mistake to 押し進める an advocacy of the General's position to extremes. Though he has many 支持者s, anything like an 試みる／企てる to over-圧力（をかける） the 政府 to 保持する him would in all probability be taken as 正統化できない 皇室の 圧力 and be resented accordingly, so that there seemed to be no 疑問 as to my 調印 the request to H.M.'s 政府 for the General's 解任する. But it also appeared to me that, considering the manner in which other generals have disappeared from Canada with no 明らかな 推論する／理由 placed before the public, it was 権利 that my 政府 should 受託する the 公式の／役人 責任／義務 for their General's 除去."

On 3rd February Minto had submitted to the 会議 a formal 声明 of his 見解（をとる）s; on 8th February he put them before Mr. Chamberlain in a 派遣（する） covering the order-in-会議 and copies of the correspondence; on 9th February Hutton was 知らせるd by Lord Lansdowne of his 選択 for active service in South Africa and ordered home. Next day he sent in his 辞職, which was at once 受託するd, and on the 13th took a friendly 別れの（言葉，会） of Sir Wilfrid Laurier. He left Canada まっただ中に many demonstrations of popular 悔いる, which did much to salve his 負傷させるd pride. From New York he wrote to Minto: "本人自身で I can never forget all your Excellency's 親切 and thought. It has been your sympathy and constant 激励 which have alone enabled me to stand the discourtesies and annoyances 延長するing over so many months." To 完全にする the tale: Mr. Chamberlain's 派遣（する） of 17th April 記録，記録的な／記録するd his 深い 失望 "that 大臣s should have 設立する themselves unable to 許す General Hutton to 完全にする the work he had begun," and 表明するd the 見解（をとる） that "although the 責任／義務 to 議会 must be 持続するd, it is 望ましい that the officer in 命令（する） of the 防御の 軍隊s in Canada should have a freer 手渡す in 事柄s 必須の to the discipline and efficiency of the 民兵 than would be proper in the 事例／患者 of an ordinary civil servant even of the highest position."

Minto's 活動／戦闘 was much 非難するd, but it is impossible to 疑問 that he was 権利--both in 調印 the order-in-会議 and in making his 抗議する. The "stiffness" which Sir Wilfrid せいにするd to him was in this 事例／患者 （疑いを）晴らす-sightedness and courage. He 明言する／公表するd the 事例／患者 to Mr. Chamberlain with 完全にする fairness. Hutton was undoubtedly difficult; he might 努力する／競う to be decorous, but cumulatively by endless little indiscretions he 越えるd decorum. His fortitude in re was not 連合させるd with suavity in modo; he was a gadfly whose 商売／仕事 it was to sting lethargy into 活動／戦闘, and there were 自然に 抗議するs from those who smarted under the sting. He was not the best man to work with the 政府 of a jealous young 僕主主義. But the fact remained that the 政策 he 代表するd was 決定的な to Canada as a nation, that it was not questioned by 大臣s that he had 大幅に kept inside the 憲法の 限界s of his office, that he had done and was doing much 価値のある work, and that he fell a 犠牲者 いっそう少なく to his defects than to his 長所s. He had 苦しむd an unwarrantable 干渉，妨害 in 事柄s which were 厳密に within his 州, and that 干渉，妨害 had been 予定 to the inclination to "汚職，収賄" and patronage engrained in Canadian political life. Unless this root of evil was extirpated there could be no health in the 民兵, and with Hutton's 失敗 消えるd the hope of a 国家の 民兵 army.

It was for this 推論する／理由 that Minto was compelled to take a stand in 対立 to his 大臣s. Hutton was sacrificed to their pettiness--not so much Sir Wilfrid's, for he 認める that he could have worked with him, but that of lesser folk; and in the 利益／興味s of his party the 総理大臣 not very willingly and rather shamefacedly took up the quarrel. In these lesser people two other 動機s were no 疑問 at work. It was the dark season of the South African War, and the repute of 皇室の officers was a little （名声などを）汚すd, and the ardour of the more 最近の 変えるs to 帝国主義 顕著に abated. "I ask myself," Dr. Borden had told Hutton after Colenso, "in 直面する of the 逆転するs which the British army has received, if it is 価値（がある） the while of Canada to remain part of the Empire." Also, Hutton was too popular. He had behind him a large に引き続いて of which he was いつかs injudicious enough to remind 大臣s--an unpalatable thought to those who had come to believe that they were the 単独の rightful interpreters of the people's will.

During his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office Minto had to 直面する a second 論争 over the personality of the 民兵 指揮官, but happily one which raised a いっそう少なく difficult question. A 一時的な 後継者 to Hutton was 任命するd, and Mr. Brodrick, when he became 長官 for War, 発揮するd himself to find a man who would be at once 許容できる to the Canadian 政府 and would carry out the 改革（する）s in the 民兵, as to which he and Minto were in 完全にする （許可，名誉などを）与える. After many 失敗s he 説得するd Lord Dundonald to 受託する the 地位，任命する. Lord Dundonald at the time was a 目だつ 人物／姿／数字 in the public 注目する，もくろむ. He had done good work with the cavalry in South Africa, and had led the first 軍隊／機動隊s that relieved Ladysmith; he was a keen professional 兵士; he belonged to an 古代の and famous Scottish house, which was in itself a 推薦 to a country so 大部分は peopled from Scotland. But he had 確かな personal 特徴 which made 摩擦 必然的な. His candour had little geniality; he was 極端に 極度の慎重さを要する, like many shy men, and had developed a 保護の armour of stiffness and reserve, which was not far 除去するd from egotism. A touch of the theatrical in his 行為／行う was a その上の danger; he was very willing to appear to the world as riding the 嵐／襲撃する and 持つ／拘留するing the gate. At first he was not 不成功の. Much excellent work was done in 民兵 再組織 in the light of South African lessons, and the 民兵 予算 was 大幅に 増加するd. But 不和s soon opened between him and the 政府. His 嘆願s for larger 見積（る）s and for 広範囲にわたる 要塞s on the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs 国境 were 拒絶するd, and in the discussions on the 改正 of the 民兵 行為／法令／行動する he was profoundly irritated by the ignoring of his 見解（をとる）s on 確かな 条項s. A multitude of petty differences of opinion with Sir Frederick Borden 悪化させるd his temper, and he 徐々に slipped in his public utterances into a トン of sharp 批評 of the 政府 of which he was the servant.

The 危機 （機の）カム in the summer of 1904. A new 連隊, the 13th Scottish Dragoons, was 存在 raised in the Eastern 郡区s, the 選挙区／有権者 of a member of the 閣僚, Mr. Sydney Fisher, who was 一時的に 事実上の／代理 as 大臣 of 民兵. の中で the 指名するs of officers submitted to the 知事-General for 是認, one, that of a 目だつ Tory 政治家，政治屋, was scratched out by Mr. Fisher on his own 責任／義務. Minto 調印するd the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）, and returned it to Dundonald, who made no comment. But on 4th July the latter at Montreal made a public speech in which he violently attacked the 政府 for introducing party politics into the 民兵 行政. Such 活動／戦闘 was a 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な 違反 of discipline, and Minto saw at once that it made Dundonald's position impossible, and 率直に told him so. The General 命令（する）ing the 民兵 had been sedulously cultivating the 対立 and the 対立 圧力（をかける）, and he was not displeased to find himself in the 役割 of a popular saviour 反抗するing the machinations of the 政治家，政治屋s. Mr. Fisher's 活動／戦闘 had been no 疑問 不規律な, but Dundonald's 訂正する 見解（をとる）s on the evils of political wire-pulling could not atone for a 極悪の 違反 of discipline and an utter 無視（する） of the 憲法の position of his 命令（する）. In a 私的な memorandum Minto wrote: "I 完全に agree with my 政府 as to the 即座の necessity of Dundonald's 解雇／（訴訟の）却下. As to their support of Fisher I 完全に 同意しない with them; but surely the question as to whether public departments are to be run on political lines is not one to be settled by the 知事-General, but by the Dominion 議会 and the people of Canada. . . . I don't care a damn what any one says, and have not a 影をつくる／尾行する of 疑問 this is 権利."

He was 堅固に 圧力（をかける）d to 辞退する to 調印する the order-incouncil for Dundonald's 解雇／（訴訟の）却下, and much 非難するd when he 調印するd it. But he had no 疑問s as to his course. Dundonald's 事例／患者 was wholly different from Hutton's; the latter had 労働d 真面目に to carry 大臣s with him and had never been willingly 有罪の of insubordination; the former had chosen the path of flat 反抗. Dundonald's 態度 was 明らかにする／漏らすd by his 行為／行う when the order was passed. He 手配中の，お尋ね者 Minto to 延期する it that he might have a chance of starting a political （選挙などの）運動をする, and was surprised when Minto told him that he would never be a party to such a course. At the same time Minto wished to use the occasion as a 警告 against political jobbery in the 民兵, and 圧力（をかける）d Sir Wilfrid to ask also for Mr. Fisher's 辞職--a course which the 総理大臣 拒絶する／低下するd to take. Minto 調印するd the order, and contented himself with repeating his 見解（をとる）s on political 干渉，妨害 in a 私的な memorandum to 会議, and in endeavouring unsuccessfully to get from 大臣s some 承認 of the good work 遂行するd by Dundonald in spite of his indiscretions. A hot 論争 followed the 出来事/事件, for the 対立 were on the General's 味方する, and Dundonald, like his famous ancestor, was not without some of the gifts of the demagogue. Moreover, he was a Scot, and Canadian Scots were 誘発する to resent Sir Wilfrid's description of him as a "foreigner," at once 修正するd to "stranger"--the consequence, perhaps, of the 総理大臣's habit of thinking in French. The 集まり 会合s held in Toronto, Ottawa, and Montreal were nearly as 批判的な of the 知事-General as of the 政府. Minto's 活動／戦闘 was a proof of his 十分な understanding of his 憲法の 義務s, and his 評価 of those small differences in the facts which may 伴う／関わる a momentous 相違 in 原則; the 政策 which he had vigorously resisted in the 事例／患者 of Hutton he 受託するd 敏速に in the 事例／患者 of Dundonald.*

* Footnote: His 活動／戦闘 has been curiously misunderstood by 確かな Canadian writers. Professor Skelton in his Life of Sir Wilfrid Laurier says that "he endeavoured to induce Sir Wilfrid to abandon or 延期する the 解雇／（訴訟の）却下" (II., page 201), and Mr. J. W. Dafoe in his brilliant little sketch of Laurier says that "he resisted 調印 the order-in-会議 until it was made （疑いを）晴らす to him that the 代案／選択肢 would be a 総選挙 in which the 問題／発行する would be his 拒絶" (page 80). The writers seem to be 混乱させるing the Hutton and Dundonald 事件／事情／状勢s, for I can find no 証拠 from the correspondence and 公式文書，認めるs of conversations of any 延期する in the latter 事例／患者. Minto 受託するd at once the 見解（をとる） of the 閣僚 on the necessity of Dundonald's 解雇／（訴訟の）却下.

In a conversation with Laurier in June 1904, Minto 安全な・保証するd from the Prime 大臣 a remarkable 激しい非難 of political 影響（力） in spheres which should be 解放する／自由な from politics. It was, said Sir Wilfrid, the 広大な／多数の／重要な evil of 僕主主義s, and he 嘆き悲しむd the 事例／患者 of Quebec, "which was 十分な of small political organizations who 完全に controlled 非常に／多数の public 任命s." His 見解（をとる） seems to have been that the whole 商売／仕事 was indefensible, but that while life was lived in faece Romuli and not in the Platonic 明言する／公表する, the evil must be 受託するd and the 乱用s of one party balanced by the 乱用s of the other. It was the 見解（をとる） of a practical party leader, not very heroic, perhaps, but with a 確かな 天然のまま justification. So long as the people 受託するd the system, the system would continue. Canada 苦しむd from the misfortunes 出来事/事件 to all young countries, where the ablest and strongest men are content, as a 支配する, with 私的な life, and are too busy in developing the land's 資源s to have time to take a 株 in the land's 政府. Such a 状況／情勢 leaves a 解放する／自由な field for the wire-puller. Moreover, in Canada parties had come to have a hereditary and sentimental 許可／制裁, so that the people were はっきりと 旅団d between them without much regard to doctrine. A man was born a "Grit" or a 保守的な, traditions and 環境 決定するd his political 忠誠, and party 忠義 had come to be reckoned a moral virtue. In Lord Bryce's words:* "Party seems to 存在する for its own sake. In Canada ideas are not needed to make parties, for these can live by 遺伝, and, like the Guelfs and Ghibellines of mediaeval Italy, by memories of past 戦闘s." In such 条件s the statesmen who tried to 除外する party 影響（力） and "汚職，収賄" from any domain of public life had the hopeless 仕事 of Sisyphus.

* 引用するd in Dafoe's Laurier, page 176.

But this maleficent growth was bound to strangle at birth any true system of 国家の defence. There was another and a not いっそう少なく 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な 障害 to be 直面するd by the 軍の 改革者. The Canadian people could not be apprehensive of danger except from the direction of the south. The Venezuela 危機 and the vapourings of American 政治家，政治屋s alarmed the country from Halifax to Vancouver, and on the basis of this alarm Hutton began his 改革（する）s. But the 恐れる soon passed, and the enthusiasm at the start of the South African War was not いっそう少なく short-lived. Canada, 猛烈に busy in developing her rich 遺産, lost 利益／興味 in 計画／陰謀s for her defence, for the imagination of most people has but a short 範囲, and dangers which are not 明白な to the 注目する，もくろむ are soon 解任するd as academic.

Before the end of Minto's 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office 確かな 決定的な changes were made in the 民兵 Department. In 1904 the 民兵 行為／法令／行動する was 改訂するd, and the 政府 were permitted to 任命する to the 命令（する） of the 軍隊, if they so 願望（する）d, a Canadian 民兵 officer. A 民兵 会議 was also created, on the lines of the new Army 会議 in Britain, with the 大臣 as 大統領，／社長, and with as its first member a 長，指導者 of Staff, who was 運命にあるd to take the place of the old G.O.C. Moreover, the 疑問 as to the 力／強力にするs of the 皇室の 当局 to call out the 民兵 for service abroad was settled by an explicit 声明 that the 軍隊 in time of war could only be called out by the Dominion 政府, and that its service, whether within or without Canada, was 制限するd to the defence of Canada. In the に引き続いて year the 防備を堅める／強化するd harbours of Halifax and Esquimalt, hitherto 持続するd and 守備隊d by Britain, were taken over by Canada, and the numbers of the 永久の 民兵 were その結果 増加するd. The result was that the defence of the country and the 支配（する）／統制する of the 武装した 軍隊s of the Dominion were wholly vested in the Canadian 政府.

Minto, as was to be 推定する／予想するd, took an eager 利益／興味 in the changes, and in many letters to Mr. Chamberlain, Mr. Brodrick, Lord Lansdowne, and Mr. Alfred Lyttelton, and in conversations with Sir Wilfrid Laurier and Sir Frederick Borden he 圧力（をかける）d his 見解（をとる）s. He was the first to 示唆する that Halifax and Esquimalt should be 手渡すd over to Canada and their 命令（する） amalgamated with that of the 民兵, for he thought that the 増加するd importance of the 地位，任命する would attract the best type of 兵士--"有能な," as he told Mr. Chamberlain, "of looking beyond 純粋に 軍の needs, and of 取引，協定ing tenderly with political necessities and the many disagreeable surroundings of 公式の／役人 life in a new country, and at the same time 所有するing strength of character enough to wear 負かす／撃墜する 乱用s by tact and 審議." To the 民兵 会議 he was favourable, but he was resolutely …に反対するd to the throwing open of the 長，指導者 命令（する） to Canadian officers. He was most anxious to open up to keen 民兵 officers a real career, and 労働d to 工夫する a system by which a 確かな number of 皇室の 任命s would be 利用できる for them. But he did not believe that the time was 熟した to を引き渡す the defence of Canada to a Canadian 兵士, and his 推論する／理由s were threefold. The first and most important was the 事柄 of technical competence. Canada 簡単に did not 所有する men of the professional knowledge 有能な of bringing the 民兵 to the 基準 of training 要求するd by modern 軍の 基準s. It was no discredit to Canada, but it was a fact which could not be blinked. In the second place, it was 不公平な to 推定する／予想する a Canadian 指揮官 to fight against the traditions of political 干渉，妨害 which were ingrained in public life, and which at the same time must disappear if true discipline was to be 持続するd. Finally, he dreamed of a Canadian 軍隊 trained on the same lines as other 軍隊s in the Empire, and so linked with these 軍隊s that in a 広大な／多数の／重要な war co-操作／手術--should Canada 法令 it--would be swift and smooth and irresistible. For this there must be a trait d'union, and that for the 現在の could only be 設立する in the link 供給するd by an 皇室の 命令（する）ing officer, familiar with 皇室の staff work. Minto 労働d in argument, but the home 当局 were apathetic and the Canadian 政府 解決するd. Slowly the 見通し of a Canadian 国家の army, on a 計画（する） with other 国家の armies within the Empire and part of one 広大な／多数の／重要な system of 皇室の defence, faded out of the 空気／公表する.

There are many 見解（をとる）s on the doctrine of Empire, and a dozen types of 憲法 have been canvassed, from the の近くに 機械装置 of 連合 to the loose tie of 連合した nations. But, whatever the doctrine, the one insistent 利益／興味 which can never be questioned is that of ありふれた defence. Canada relapsed into a 地方の system of a small 永久の 民兵, an imperfectly trained active 民兵, and a water-tight staff. She did not even, like Australia, have any custom of 全世界の／万国共通の training. Her statesmen of all parties, however restive they might 普通は be under 皇室の 需要・要求するs, had eloquently 布告するd that should Britain and the Empire ever be in danger the country would rise as one man in their defence. They were 正当化するd in their 約束. When in August 1914 Germany flung 負かす／撃墜する the challenge, Canada did not waver. Her 返答 was instant and 全世界の／万国共通の; she put armies into the field larger than any army of Britain in the old wars, and at Second Ypres, at Vimy, at Passchendaele, at the Drocourt-Queant Line won victories which were 決定的な to the 連合した 勝利. But everything had to be improvised, and improvisation takes time. It was eight months before the first Canadian 分割 could take its place in the field, and 合間 the whole 重荷（を負わせる） of the defence, not of Britain alone but of Canada, fell on the worn 階級s of the British 正規の／正選手s. They did not fail in that desperate 義務, but most of them died of it.

CHAPTER 7

GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF CANADA, 1898-1904 (continued)

皇室の and 国内の Problems

WHEN in the 中央の 'nineties the doctrine of a 部隊d Empire, preached by Sir John Seeley and made romantic by Cecil Rhodes, became in Mr. Chamberlain's 手渡すs an explicit 政策, it took for its text Disraeli's famous 宣言 in 1872: "Self-政府, in my opinion, when it was 譲歩するd, せねばならない have been 譲歩するd as part of a 広大な／多数の／重要な 政策 of 皇室の consolidation. It せねばならない have been …を伴ってd by an 皇室の 関税 . . . and by a 軍の code, which should have 正確に defined the means and the 責任／義務s by which the 植民地s should be defended, and by which, if necessary, this country should call for 援助（する） from the 植民地s themselves. It ought, その上の, to have been …を伴ってd by the 会・原則 of some 代表者／国会議員 会議 in the metropolis, which would have brought the 植民地s into constant and continuous relations with the home 政府." Each 詳細（に述べる） of this creed--憲法の, 軍の, 経済的な--was 強調するd in turn by the new 帝国主義の school; but 自然に the 憲法の took 優先, and its first and obvious form was the 計画／陰謀 of 皇室の 連合.

Sir Wilfrid Laurier was in 1897 the hope of the federationists. In his own words, they looked to him to 行為／法令／行動する as the bell-wether. The 手段 of 皇室の preference which he had carried in that year as a shrewd 一打／打撃 in 国内の politics seemed to 部外者s a step in a bold 皇室の statesmanship. He told a Liverpool audience in his eloquent way that the time might come when Macaulay's New Zealander would "stand at the gate of Westminster Palace asking for admission into that historic hall which, having been the cradle of Liberty"--the 残り／休憩（する） of the 宣告，判決 was 溺死するd in the plaudits of his hearers. His 見解（をとる）s beyond 疑問 at this time leaned to a 計画／陰謀 of 連合, and the 保守的な 対立, while in Ontario 告発する／非難するing him of lukewarmness in the 原因（となる） of Empire, in Quebec tried to 勝利，勝つ favour by attacking his 帝国主義の proclivities. When in the spring of 1900 he replied to Mr. Bourassa's 批評s in 議会, he 宣言するd that Canada's 援助 in 未来 wars must be 扶養家族 on a new 憲法の 協定. "If you want us to help you," he told the people of Britain, "you must call us to your 会議s." It was natural that Mr. Chamberlain should look on the Canadian 首相 as his first 中尉／大尉／警部補.

But Sir Wilfrid was not the type of 政治家 who is 深く，強烈に 関心d with 憲法の theories. A man who is leader of a party for thirty-two years and 総理大臣 for more than fifteen must be something of an opportunist, and his theory must be elastic enough to take its 形態／調整 from changing facts. If the 原則 of 連合 seemed to him attractive, he was not 用意が出来ている to take any step に向かって its 現実化 till compelled by an 圧倒的な 圧力 of circumstance, for he was aware how delicate was the 皇室の organism, and knew that the 課税 of a new and rigid pattern might kill its growth. So 遂行するd a rhetorician could not 避ける making play with the picturesque dream of a 部隊d Empire, but it did not 嘘（をつく） の近くに to his heart. The 開発 of Canadian 国家主義 控訴，上告d more 深く，強烈に both to his 感情 and his practical judgment.

Minto also was no lover of theories, and was chary of bold expansive 憲法の novelties. He felt that the easiest path to Empire union was through (n)役員／(a)執行力のある co-操作／手術, and that was why he flung himself into the question of defence. This 身元 of instinct made him read Sir Wilfrid's mind with remarkable acumen, and incidentally the mind of Canada. "People at home," he wrote to his brother Arthur, "do not 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる the growing aspirations of the young 国籍s we call 植民地s. . . . The more I see the more 納得させるd I am that, whatever they may say, the strongest feeling of Canadians is a feeling of Canada's 国家の independence. On the slightest pretext they resent 即時に anything they can 新たな展開 into meaning 皇室の 干渉，妨害." Of Laurier he was 温かく appreciative. To the same 特派員 he wrote: "Far the biggest man in Canada is Laurier. He is やめる charming, and if there is a change I shall 行方不明になる him more than I can say--and he is honest." But he had no illusions about the ultimate 政策 of the 総理大臣 or about the inner 核心 of Canadian feeling, which the 総理大臣 was bound to 解釈する／通訳する. Men like George Parkin, the 主要な／長／主犯 of Upper Canada College, Toronto, with whom he 持続するd an affectionate intimacy, were 皇室の 熱中している人s after the British type, and others, like Sir William Mulock and Mr. イスラエル Tarte, seemed to be 納得させるd federationists; but Sir Wilfrid's 用心深い, 非，不，無-committal opportunism was, he knew, in the last 訴える手段／行楽地 Canada's 態度.

When Mr. Chamberlain in March 1900 討議するd the idea of an 皇室の （a）忠告の／（n）警報 会議 Minto discussed the 事柄 with Laurier and 設立する him shy and 冷淡な. In a 私的な letter to the 植民地の 長官 in April 1900 he 始める，決める out the facts as he saw them:--

"Sir Wilfrid's own inclination に向かって an 皇室の 連合 of any sort is, in my opinion, 極端に doubtful--in fact, though his 最近の speeches appear to have been taken in England as enthusiastically 帝国主義の, I am 納得させるd they 保証（人） no such opinion. His speech in the House was very eloquent, and the 'call us to your 会議s' phrase appears to have been 受託するd as 示すing a wish to be called--the very last thing Sir Wilfrid would want, and the speech itself did not 正当化する that 解釈／通訳 of it. He 認めるd the strong British devotion to the motherland existent here, and the 皇室の feeling at home stronger perhaps than here, and got a chance for his 広大な／多数の／重要な eloquence. But I should say that 本気で he is devoid of the British feeling for a 部隊d Empire, that it has no sentimental attraction for him, and that a closer 関係 with the old country he would consider from a 公共事業（料金）／有用性 point of 見解（をとる） and nothing more. He 認めるs the fact that his Canadian fellow-countrymen must follow the Anglo-Saxon lead, and will do his best to educate them up to it; but I believe it to be much more with the idea of the welding together of a Canadian nation than of forming part of a 広大な／多数の／重要な Empire . . . and though he has never 現実に said so to me, I 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う that he dreams of Canadian independence in some 未来 age. He thinks the 協定 of 関税 questions far more likely to bring about 皇室の まとまり than any 共同の system of 皇室の defence; the former may be made to appear magnanimous in an 皇室の sense, but it would hardly be 支持するd by a 植民地の 政府 except in a belief in some practical 伸び（る） to the 植民地 from it, whilst the latter, upon which the safety of 貿易（する） must depend, probably appears before the public 単に as a direct 増加する in 軍の 支出 to 会合，会う an obscure danger not 一般に realized."

Minto's reading of Laurier's mind 設立する remarkable vindication at the 戦後の 皇室の 会議／協議会 of 1902. The Dominion 代表者／国会議員s one and all--even the ardent Mr. Seddon--fought shy of Mr. Chamberlain's 皇室の 会議, 恐れるing lest it might 衝突 with their own 議会s. The 会議／協議会 decided that the "現在の political relation was 一般に 満足な under 存在するing 条件s." The "bell-wether" 拒絶する／低下するd to lead the way; he had lost his old federationism and was moving slowly to another 見解（をとる） of 皇室の 関係. He 手配中の，お尋ね者 to let 井戸／弁護士席 alone, for of the two factors in Empire 開発, 植民地の 国家主義 and the 皇室の tie, he believed that the former must for long 要求する the 長，指導者 強調. His conception now was of Canada as a "nation within the Empire," and he left the best 機械／機構 of co-操作／手術 to 明らかにする／漏らす itself. It is probable that at the 支援する of his 長，率いる he conceived of an 最終的に 独立した・無所属 Canada; Minto always thought so, and Sir Wilfrid's 伝記作家 assents.* But independence at the moment was as futile as 連合, for it did not fit the facts; and we may take his words in 1909 as the 自白 of 約束 of a man who was above all things a realist, and was 決定するd to make dream wait upon fact. "We are reaching the day when our Canadian 議会 will （人命などを）奪う，主張する co-equal 権利s with the British 議会, and when the only 関係 binding us together will be a ありふれた 旗 and a ありふれた 栄冠を与える." This was likewise Minto's 結論--also based on 観察するd facts--though he might have wished it さもなければ. It is no disparagement of the idealists who from the 'nineties on have preached 有機の 皇室の union to say that they misjudged the course of events, for their ideals, even if unrealized and unrealizable, have had a potent 影響（力） on political thought; but it was those who, like Minto, looked 今後 to 同盟 instead of 連合, to (n)役員／(a)執行力のある co-操作／手術 rather than a 法律を制定する 共同, who 裁判官d most shrewdly the 傾向 of Empire 開発.

* Skelton, II., page 292.

A 政治家, it has been said, should be subtle enough to を取り引きする things, and simple enough to を取り引きする men.* Minto had that large 安全な・保証する judgment of his fellow-creatures, at once shrewd and charitable, which comes from mixing with every type of humanity. While 帝国主義のs in Britain and Canada tended to picture the French-Canadians as a race brooding darkly over ancestral 憎悪s and dreaming of 分離, he laughed the bogey to 軽蔑（する）. There were elements, indeed, of danger, as he saw, in French Canada--the dregs of an 古代の jacobinism and 頻発する waves of clericalism--but the 態度 of the 広大な 大多数 was acquiescent and decorous. As a mere 事柄 of self-利益／興味 the British 栄冠を与える was their best 保護. America had nothing to 申し込む／申し出; an 独立した・無所属 Canada would raise ぎこちない questions for them; the 栄冠を与える was the 後見人 of their Church, their language, and their peculiar traditions. They were a social 飛び領土 which could only 持続する its particularism under the 保護 of a tolerant Empire. Minto had no patience with the nonsense 一般的に talked on the 支配する. In November 1900 he wrote to Arthur Elliot: "The 令状ing of the 主要な 対立 papers in Ontario has been 前向きに／確かに willed, 簡単に 目的（とする）ing at stirring up 憎悪 of French Canada. It is perfectly monstrous . . . I believe myself that the French-Canadians are very much maligned as to their disloyalty. French Canada does not wish to be mixed up in 皇室の wars, and is lukewarm, but at home you do not call a man disloyal if he disapproves of the War. Here, if he is only lukewarm, and is a French-Canadian, he must be a 反逆者／反逆する! That is the British bulldog argument." And six months later he wrote: "I think pig-長，率いるd British assertiveness is much more to be 恐れるd than French sympathies." The fault of the French-Canadian, as he saw it, was not disloyalty but parochialism, and this parochialism, in 見解（をとる） of his past history, was intelligible and 必然的な. How could men of another 血 kindle to the racial mysticism of the 皇室の creed. For, be it remembered, the 帝国主義 preached by Mr. Chamberlain had a strong racial tinge. As 早期に as his visit to Canada in 1887 he had eulogized "that proud, 執拗な, self-主張するing and resolute 在庫／株 that no change of 気候 or 条件 can alter, and which is infallibly 運命にあるd to be the predominating 軍隊 in the 未来 history and civilization of the world"; and he had 追加するd, "I am an Englishman. I 辞退する to make any distinction between the 利益／興味s of Englishmen in England, in Canada, and in the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs." The habitant could understand his own 古代の 忠義s, he might even be 解雇する／砲火／射撃d by Canadian 国家主義, but it would have been a 奇蹟 if he had discovered enthusiasm for a creed which （人命などを）奪う，主張するd the earth as an 相続物件 for men of another 血.

* The phrase is the late Sir Walter Raleigh's.

Mr. Chamberlain, having failed in his 計画（する）s of union on the 憲法の and defence 味方するs, turned in the summer of 1903 to the 経済的な. Minto had never given much attention to 会計の and 関税 questions, but Mr. Chamberlain's arguments seemed to him to be on the 直面する of them incontrovertible. In 保護 per se he had little 利益／興味, but 報復 appeared to him to be axiomatic, and 皇室の preferences looked like the method of (n)役員／(a)執行力のある co-操作／手術, which he 裁判官d to be the 権利 開発 of 皇室の relations. With Arthur Elliot, who as a 解放する／自由な-貿易（する） Unionist felt himself 強いるd to 辞職する his 地位，任命する in Mr. Balfour's 政府, he had 非常に長い arguments, and his letters 明らかにする／漏らす his difficulty in understanding any 詳細（に述べる） of his brother's 態度. Minto hoped for an instant 返答 from Canada, for Canada was a 保護貿易論者 land and had already taken a first step in 皇室の preference, and Sir Wilfrid Laurier at the 会議／協議会 of 1902 had encouraged Mr. Chamberlain to turn to the 経済的な 味方する of 皇室の union. But he realized, too, 確かな difficulties in the 状況／情勢, which he expounded to the 植民地の 長官 in a letter of July 17, 1903:--

"Canada is in a 明言する／公表する of 進化. At 現在の I see no one in the Dominion 有能な of directing her 未来. Everything is in a 明言する／公表する of drift. The 長，指導者 attraction in public life is the いわゆる 開発 of the country, meaning, I am afraid, to a 広大な／多数の／重要な extent 財政上の 処理／取引s not creditable to her public men; and 影響（力）s and inclinations are, so to speak, aimlessly floating about, waiting for some 力／強力にする which will 結局 支配（する）／統制する them. British 感情 is one such 影響（力）; it simmers やめる honestly in the hearts of the English-speaking 全住民, but there is no strong man here to put life into it. It has plenty of enemies, and, admitting its 本物の 存在, one has still to consider the mixed social 特徴 which surround it, and the 影響 they may 結局 have upon it. I do not 疑問 the 忠義 of Canada, but I believe the strongest feeling of her people is that of Canadian 国籍. There is no 推論する／理由 why, if Canada and the motherland 株 相互の 利益／興味s, her 国家の ambitions should be anti-皇室の; if they do not, the 傾向 will be に向かって 結局の 分離. There is, too, even の中で the most British society of the Dominion, that disagreeable cavilling feeling に向かって the old country . . . and the 誇張するd 疑惑 of anything that can be 新たな展開d into meaning 皇室の 干渉，妨害."

Minto believed that Mr. Chamberlain's 提案s were the turning of the ways in British history. He thought that if Britain 辞退するd to develop a line of 政策 which Canada had herself 就任するd, the 傾向 would be for the Dominion to turn her mind to 相互主義 with the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs. Here, as in the question of defence, he longed for 質s in the 総理大臣--質s of dash and daring--which the Prime 大臣 did not 所有する. The 返答 from the Laurier 政府 was polite, but tepid. On 27th July Mr. Chamberlain wrote to Minto a letter which 率直に 始める，決める out his 政策 so far as it 関心d Canada:--

"I am not by any means 完全に 満足させるd with the 活動／戦闘 of the Canadian 大臣s. Seeing that in all these conversations they 圧力（をかける）d for the 採択 of the 政策 I am now 支持するing, I certainly hoped for a warmer and more indisputable welcome. I have been ready to sacrifice anything to 安全な・保証する what I believe to be a 広大な／多数の／重要な 皇室の 反対する. If I fail, of course my political career will be の近くにd, but with proper co-操作／手術 I do not think I shall fail in the long run, although I may not 勝利，勝つ uno saltu. 植民地の 政治家，政治屋s, however, are more timid, and they do not seem to me to 投機・賭ける to put 広大な／多数の／重要な questions on the highest level. They attach more importance to a few 投票（する）s than to 広大な／多数の／重要な 原則s, and the prospect of an 皇室の union, which they perhaps do not 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる at its true value, is not 十分に attractive to them to 正当化する any 危険 of losing political support. . . . What I have to do is to 納得させる my own people first. . . .

"The change will be carried, if at all, by mixed considerations of 感情 and 利益／興味. As to the former, I hope it is strong in Canada, and that there is some 評価 of what an Empire really means as contrasted with the parochial life and small ambitions of little 明言する／公表するs. If the Empire breaks up into 原子s, each one will be comparatively insignificant, 権力のない, and uninteresting. If it 持つ／拘留するs together it will be the greatest civilizing 影響（力） in the world.

"As regards 利益／興味, the 植民地s will no 疑問 take steps to guard their growing 製造（する）s from 絶滅. On the other 手渡す, our people will not assent to a 税金 on corn and meat or other articles of 最初の／主要な necessity, unless they are 満足させるd that they will have something 相当な in return in the 形態／調整 of 増加するd 輸出（する）s of 製造（する）s. This cannot be 安全な・保証するd 完全に by the mere 増加する of differential 率s against foreign nations. The 商売／仕事 of foreign countries with Canada is either comparatively small, or it is in articles which we do not make or produce. We must, therefore, look to an 拡大 予定 to other 原因（となる）s than a mere 削減 in the 輸入するs of other countries.

"It seems to me that what we both want is possible. Canada may 保存する her 現在の 産業s, but give us a 十分な 株 in her 未来 拡大. If she has, for instance, decided to 設立する, or has already 設立するd, the 広大な／多数の／重要な 最初の／主要な 産業s such as アイロンをかける-making and cotton-spinning, and 要求するs a small 保護 against us to 妨げる them from 存在 圧倒するd, such a course might be taken; while, at the same time, she might leave to us the smaller 産業s not yet 設立するd in Canada, in regard to which there is no vested 利益／興味, and which together will （不足などを）補う large sums. In other words, let Canada continue to 保護する what she has got, and 可決する・採択する 自由貿易, or nearly 自由貿易, so far as we are 関心d, in regard to all the 産業s that up to the 現在の time have not been 設立するd.

"I feel 堅固に with you that we are at a parting of the ways, and, although I am not 性質の／したい気がして to prophesy anything with 信用／信任, I think that unless we 後継する in doing something to 部隊 our 商売／仕事 利益／興味s more closely, 感情 alone will not keep the Empire together."

Mr. Chamberlain 辞職するd the 植民地の Secretaryship and 充てるd himself to his crusade, but there was no such missionary zeal in the 保護貿易論者 政府 of Canada. Sir Wilfrid 受託するd the 計画／陰謀 in 原則, but would take no overt step to show his 是認. Minto summed up his 態度 thus to Mr. Chamberlain: "Canada does not want to appear as a beggar, asking a favour of the motherland; she does not want to 干渉する in what is becoming a party fight at home; the 事柄 is one which the old country must first settle for herself, and then Canada will know what to do. Canada believes that preferential 貿易（する） between the motherland and herself would be advantageous to both parties, but the former, with whom the 決定／判定勝ち（する） 残り／休憩（する）s, must not put herself in the position of making, or appearing to make, sacrifices for Canada."

It was a 控えめの and impregnable 態度, but it was not heroic, and to Mr. Chamberlain, 用意が出来ている to hazard everything for what he believed to be a 向こうずねing ideal, it seemed shabby and faint-hearted. Minto could not understand how those who 受託するd the end could be unwilling to 勧める the means, and Mr. Chamberlain wrote to him, in sadness rather than in bitterness, that Sir Wilfrid was 明確に "not a man with whom to go out tiger-追跡（する）ing." Sir Wilfrid was not; he was little inclined to 法廷，裁判所 danger, and his courage was reserved for the time when danger was 現在の and 必然的な. But there was more in the 政府's lukewarmness than the temperament of its leader. Canadian 自由主義のs were 影響（力）d by the not very honest "dear loaf" （選挙などの）運動をする of their British namesakes. Canadian 保守的なs were not enthusiastic about the 解放する／自由な field （人命などを）奪う，主張するd for British 製造（する）s in Canada, and Canadian 製造業者s were disinclined to 収容する／認める that there were any articles which sooner or later somewhere in the country they could not produce. The British 提案s seemed too much like a stereotyping of Canada's 現在の 産業の position, and Canada, intoxicated with dreams of a 広大な 未来, was averse to any 経済的な delimitation. Moreover, the 皇室の preference 味方する began soon to 落ちる into the shade, and Mr. Chamberlain's （選挙などの）運動をする, as it developed, became more and more a 計画（する） for the 保護 of British 産業s. Sir Wilfrid 裁判官d truly the feeling of his countrymen. They were not 大いに 利益／興味d; there was no 軍隊 of popular 感情 which would 軍隊 the 政府's 手渡す, and the 政府 was without inclination for 皇室の adventures. Minto, 株ing to the 十分な in Mr. Chamberlain's 見解（をとる）s, 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する Canadian apathy to Sir Wilfrid's 証拠不十分; but it is not weak to 辞退する to be drawn into a course for which you have little zest. The man who is 捜し出すing new worlds to 征服する／打ち勝つ will never see 注目する，もくろむ to 注目する，もくろむ with the man who is engrossed in the 開発 of his 郡区.

II

A 知事-General must play a large part in the foreign relations of the dominion where he 代表するs the British 栄冠を与える, since he is the exponent of the British point of 見解（をとる）, which has of necessity to embrace a wider 軌道 than that of the 地元の 政府. Canadian 外交政策 was at the time 限定するd to her relations with America, as to which there were many long-standing problems that at any moment might become 激烈な／緊急の 論争s. Minto 株d the 見解（をとる） which Queen Victoria had 表明するd to him at Balmoral, that there was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of cant in the 現在の talk of kinship between the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs and Britain. He was of the opinion that Sir Wilfrid Laurier 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する in a letter to him in 1899-- "Our American friends have very many 質s, but what they have they keep, and what they have not they want. Perhaps," Sir Wilfrid 追加するd, "we, too, are built up the same way." The 影響（力） of the "big 利益／興味s," which everywhere he detested, seemed to Minto to have reached in America the dimensions of a スキャンダル, and he 設立する in her people a 欠如（する） of that 冒険的な 公正，普通株主権 which he valued above all other human 質s. In any 論争 with the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs he was therefore likely to have a strong a "priori" leaning to Canada's 味方する.

The Washington 条約 of 1871, which dealt 大部分は with 漁業s and 貿易（する）, was 廃止するd in 1885, and the fishing question was 治める／統治するd by the old 条約 of 1818. This was manifestly an out-of-date machine, so a special （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, of which Mr. Chamberlain was a member, was 任命するd in 1887, and the Chamberlain-Bryan 条約 was produced, which, however, the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs 上院 拒絶する／低下するd to 批准する. The consequence was an 年次の modus vivendi, till in 1897 the 政府s of Britain and America agreed to a 共同の High （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, which should settle all 優れた differences, such as the 事柄 of 貿易（する） 相互主義, the Alaskan 境界, the 大西洋 漁業s, and the 調印（する） fishing in the Behring Sea. Lord Herschell, the chairman, died during the sittings, and the 審議s （機の）カム to an untimely end, principally because, though 協定 seemed to be in sight on the other points, a violent 相違 of 見解（をとる）s was 明らかな on the Alaskan frontier question. On this the difference of 態度 and 利益／興味s between Canada and her 隣人 （機の）カム to a 長，率いる, and it formed in many ways the most delicate and troublesome problem of Minto's 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office.

Alaska had been first 調査するd by the ロシアのs Behring and Cherikov, and its coast had been first charted by Captain Cook in 1778 and Vancouver in 1793-94. The land 初めは was ロシアの 領土, and its relations with America were 直す／買収する，八百長をするd by 条約 in 1824, and its 境界 with the British 所有／入手s by the 条約 of 1825. In 1867 ロシアの Alaska was sold to the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs, but the frontier question with Canada was not scientifically 決定するd. に向かって the の近くに of the century the 事柄 was made 緊急の by the 発見 of gold in the Klondyke and the 早い 開発 of the Yukon 地区. Canada needed ports for her hinterland, and the question of police 規則s was insoluble so long as the 境界 line was vague. There were many suggestions made for a 妥協, but America stood on what she believed to be her 合法的な 権利s given by the 条約 of 1825. 仲裁 was 提案するd under an impartial 法廷 and an umpire, but this America 拒絶するd. The feeling in Canada may be 裁判官d from a letter of Minto's to Arthur Elliot in August 1899:--

"The 明言する／公表するs are impossible to を取り引きする. Their 主要な men, however high-minded 本人自身で, are 完全に under the 影響（力） of 地元の organizations which they can't ignore. No one for an instant 推定する／予想するs fair play from the 明言する／公表するs either in 商売／仕事 or in sport. The feeling here is very strong against them, and it is only human nature that it should be so. On the other 手渡す, thinking people of course see the 決定的な necessity of 存在 on friendly 条件 with them. Canadian statesmen fully 認める the 圧倒的な importance of this; but one can't forget that you have an unruly 採掘 全住民 on the debatable frontier of Alaska, rubbing up against Canadian 地位，任命するs, and a good hearty 憎悪 between a large part of both nations."

The ordinary reader, when he first approaches the 支配する, is inclined to be amazed at the unreason and truculence of the American 態度, and to 始める，決める it 負かす／撃墜する to that highhandedness in international questions which has occasionally distinguished a nation accustomed more than others to 布告する the majesty of international 法律. Here was a long （土地などの）細長い一片 of coast, running far to the south and overlapping British Columbia, which had been given by an old 条約 to Russia because of the 権利s created at that date by 占領／職業, when America had no 利益／興味 in the 地域. It was fair to argue that the whole position as between two friendly 隣人s should be 改訂するd by 仲裁 in the light of the facts of Canadian western 開発. 仲裁 seemed to be a pet American 手続き. In 1895-96 大統領 Cleveland had compelled Lord Salisbury to 受託する it in a 境界 論争 with Venezuela--had 主張するd on it, indeed, with 著名な discourtesy. But now, when a 隣人 asked for 仲裁 in a 事例／患者 far more difficult than that of the Venezuela frontier, America would have 非，不，無 of it. She was indignant when it was 示唆するd that Alaska should be 含むd in the 言及／関連 of the Herschell （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, and on that very 得点する／非難する／２０ the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 failed. She was in 効果的な 占領／職業 of the coast （土地などの）細長い一片; "what I have I 持つ／拘留する," seemed to be her answer, irrespective of 法律 or decency.

Then Britain 提案するd 仲裁 もう一度, and there is 推論する／理由 to believe that 大統領 M'Kinley would have 受託するd it. Even John Hay, his 国務長官, though he did not like it, felt some difficulty in 辞退するing what America had 需要・要求するd in the 事例／患者 of Venezuela. But in September 1901 M'Kinley was assassinated, and Theodore Roosevelt 後継するd him as 大統領; and one of Roosevelt's first 行為／法令／行動するs was to 辞退する categorically any suggestion for 仲裁. What were his 推論する／理由s? He was a wise and a strong man, a lover of his country, but a lover also of fair play and international righteousness. Had he been 納得させるd that America was behaving dishonourably, we may be 確かな that he would have done what he held to be 権利 and consigned all intriguing 利益／興味s and 脅すing 選挙民s to the devil. On what did he base his unhesitating 拒絶?

In the first place--if we may guess at his thoughts--he regarded the 条約 of 1825 as a 合法的な 文書 to be 解釈する／通訳するd judicially. It was the 肩書を与える-行為s of America's 所有物／資産／財産 on the southern Alaskan coast. For seventy years a 確かな obvious 解釈／通訳 of it had held the field, which showed the 境界 running 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 長，率いるs of many inlets. It was （疑いを）晴らす to him that it had been the 意向 of the 条約 to give Russia not 単に a string of 孤立するd headlands, but the 無傷の lisiere. Now Canada had made the mistake of overstating her 事例／患者. She （人命などを）奪う，主張するd that the line should run across the mouths of the fjords, leaving her the 深い inlets behind. To Roosevelt and to the American people the （人命などを）奪う，主張する seemed preposterous, both on the 言い回し of the 条約 and on the prescriptive 権利 given by the 仮定／引き受けること of seventy years. Had there been an 仲裁, this extreme 事例／患者 of Canada's would have been put 今後 as a 取引ing 反対する, and, since 仲裁者s invariably 妥協, Canada would have received more than her 予定. He felt that he had no 権利 to play 急速な／放蕩な and loose with the 所有物／資産／財産 of his country; it was not only Seattle and the West that would 反対する, it was the whole American nation. He 堅固に 願望（する）d a 解決／入植地, but he did not believe that any 解決／入植地 would 耐える which 侵害する／違反するd plain 合法的な 権利s. All he was 関心d with was to have these 権利s explicitly ascertained, and for that the proper 器具 was a judicial （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限.

It was believed at the time in Canada that the 交渉s with America over the 改正 of the Bulwer-Clayton 条約, ーするために 保証する her 支配（する）／統制する of the パナマ Canal, gave Britain an 適切な時期 for 物々交換するing 譲歩s in Central America for 譲歩s in Alaska. The 適切な時期, if it ever really 存在するd, was 行方不明になるd, and the Alaska question was referred to a （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 of "six impartial jurists of repute," three British and three American. This was not 満足な to Canada, for it seemed likely to lead to a 行き詰まる, but Laurier 受託するd the 提案, it 存在 understood that the British three would be an English and a Canadian 裁判官 and the English 長，指導者-司法（官）. To the amazement of the world the American trio consisted of the 長官 for War, Mr. Elihu Root; Mr. Henry Cabot 宿泊する, the 上院議員 for Massachusetts; and 上院議員 Turner of Washington. Mr. Root was a 広大な／多数の／重要な lawyer, but he was also a member of the American (n)役員／(a)執行力のある; 上院議員 宿泊する had 公然と 述べるd the Canadian 事例／患者 as "a baseless and 製造（する）d （人命などを）奪う，主張する," and 上院議員 Turner 代表するd those Western 利益／興味s which were 敵意を持った to Canadian 貿易（する）. Where were the "impartial jurists"? Roosevelt's 動機 in the 任命s seems to have been that he was 決定するd on a 迅速な 解決／入植地 which would 除去する "the last 障害 to 絶対の 協定 between the two peoples," and that he was 納得させるd that his 事例／患者 was so unanswerable that he did not need to 捜し出す an 外見 of 公平さ.

Canada, who had argued herself into a belief in the 司法（官） of her 十分な （人命などを）奪う，主張する, could scarcely be 推定する／予想するd to 認可する this 行為／行う or 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる the 動機s behind it. On March 1, 1903, Minto wrote to Arthur Elliot:--

"The U.S. have behaved やめる disgracefully. 簡潔に, we 受託するd their 提案, or rather Herbert and Hay's 協定 for the judicial discussion of the frontier 論争--three 'impartial jurists of repute' on each 味方する. This was 完全に contrary to what Canada has always sought for, viz., 仲裁 with a 法廷，裁判所 selected under unprejudiced 条件s and an umpire; but, 存在 honestly anxious to have the arguments on both 味方するs fully considered, we agreed to the Hay-Herbert 条約, pointing out that it was not what we hoped for, but that the 巨大な importance of a friendly international consideration of the 支配する had decided us to 受託する the 条件 提案するd. The pourparlers were perfectly 際立った that on one 味方する we should have the 長，指導者-司法（官） of England and two 裁判官s of the High 法廷，裁判所s of England and Canada それぞれ--assuming, of course, that the U.S. commissioners would be jurists of distinction not at 現在の mixed up in politics. Imagine our surprise when Roosevelt 任命するs Root, his Sec. of S. for War; 宿泊する, who has given vent to the most anti-British 見解（をとる）s on Alaska; and Turner, the 上院議員 for Washington 明言する／公表する and the 代表者／国会議員 of the 太平洋の ports 利益／興味, in 対立, of course, to our Alaskan coast 貿易（する）. It's the most monstrous thing. . . . The first inclination was to retire altogether as far as Canada was 関心d from the 取引. On second thoughts, however, it seems better, while 抗議するing against the U.S. 活動／戦闘, to 受託する the 大統領's 指名／任命s; but I have impressed upon Sir Wilfrid and upon H.M.'s Gov. that in my opinion we せねばならない 主張する on sticking to our 味方する of the 取引, and 任命するing the 長，指導者-司法（官） and other 裁判官s on our 味方する as 初めは ーするつもりであるd. For some 推論する／理由 or other H.M.'s Gov. seem to have got it into their 長，率いるs that because the U.S. are 任命するing 同志／支持者s, therefore we must give up the judicial character of our 代表者／国会議員s. I think 正確に／まさに the opposite. If both 味方するs 任命する 同志／支持者s the 法廷 must lose all dignity and 負わせる, 反して if we stick to the 取引 like gentlemen, we shall not only 伸び（る） by better professional arguments, but will place the U.S. before the world as not having played up to the 条件 of the 条約 which they had agreed to."

Minto's good sense--with which Sir Wilfrid Laurier was in 十分な （許可，名誉などを）与える-勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd. It was considered wise to 任命する, in 新規加入 to Lord Alverstone, two Canadian 裁判官s, Sir Louis Jette and Mr. 司法（官） Armour, the latter of whom died in London and was 後継するd by Mr. A. B. Aylesworth, a leader of the Ontario 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業. In October 1903 the 法廷 報告（する）／憶測d. By a 大多数 of four to two, Lord Alverstone 投票（する）ing with the American 代表者／国会議員s, it was held that the 境界 should run, not across the mouths, but 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 長，率いるs of the fjords, and that the Portland Channel, the southern 限界, should be taken as running in such a way as to give Canada only two of the four islands （人命などを）奪う，主張するd. In 影響 the 判決 受託するd the 事例／患者 of the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs.

There was an instant uproar in Canada, and the bitter part of the the pill was the Portland Channel. It appeared that Lord Alverstone had 認める the strength of the British 事例／患者 on 12th October, and had 配達するd on 17th October a judgment 否定するing his 表明するd opinion, and the natural deduction was that, in his 苦悩 to settle the 事柄, he had 妥協d, and 行為／法令／行動するd as a diplomatist and not as a 裁判官. The two Canadian commissioners 抗議するd 公然と, and Minto lamented the awakening of all 肉親，親類d of old 分離主義者 and anti-British ghosts which he hoped had long been laid in their 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大なs. It may be 安全に said that for the 主張s against Lord Alverstone there was no 創立／基礎. The English 長，指導者-司法（官） was not a 広大な／多数の／重要な lawyer or a conspicuously strong man, but he was a very honest one, and he was incapable on such a 法廷 of forgetting the 最初の／主要な 義務s of a 裁判官. The best 合法的な 見解（をとる） at the time was that the question of the Portland Channel was one of extreme difficulty in which the 長所s were 平等に balanced, and that the American 論争 was at least as 正当と認められる as the Canadian.

Now that the irritation has long been forgotten, the considered opinion of Canada 受託するs the finding as a reasonable 解決／入植地. Undoubtedly 大統領 Roosevelt, however excellent his 意向s, and however cogent his grounds for 辞退するing an 仲裁, played a 失敗ing part, for his choice of the American commissioners was one of those pieces of folly and bluster which いつかs marred his 広大な／多数の／重要な career. If his 事例／患者 was as strong as he believed it to be, and as it no 疑問 was, to pack the 法廷，裁判所 with 同志／支持者s was to make 確かな that any 決定／判定勝ち（する） would be 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う in the 注目する，もくろむs of Canada and the world; and he did not help 事柄s when, after the 決定／判定勝ち（する） was 発表するd, he 布告するd it to the housetops as "the greatest 外交の victory of our time." Minto, on the contrary, showed a 抑制 and 知恵 which had a soothing 影響 on the 悪化させるd temper of his 政府. He had been as angry as any Canadian at the American 任命s, but he did not question the 司法（官） of the 判決. He 静めるd 負かす／撃墜する those who 需要・要求するd that in 未来 Canada should have the "条約-making 力／強力にする" by 示唆するing that in that event Canada must shoulder the whole 重荷（を負わせる） of her defence. He made himself a 完全にする master of the facts of the 事例／患者, and defended Lord Alverstone much better than that honest gentleman defended himself. He went over every argument with his 大臣s in long conversations, the 公式文書，認めるs of which show not only his trenchant good sense but an 予期しない 合法的な acumen; while his letters to Sir Wilfrid 含む／封じ込める an argument on the Portland Channel which was certainly not bettered by counsel during the 審理，公聴会 of the 事例／患者.

III

Canadian 内部の politics were no part of Minto's 州, but there was a 利ざや of 国内の questions where the 知事-General had a 確かな status, and was 解放する／自由な to 問い合わせ and advise. 著名な の中で these was the 行政 of the new Yukon 州, the position of the Indian 残余s, and 事柄s of historical and antiquarian 利益／興味, which are apt to be ignored in a country borne on the high tide of 商業の 勝利. In July 1900, while Sir Wilfrid Laurier was in the 厚い of 準備s for a 総選挙, Minto left Ottawa for a 長引かせるd 小旅行する in the North-West. It was a land he had not visited since he went to Vancouver with Lord Lansdowne fifteen years before, and every mile was a 発覚, for the old villages had swelled into towns, and towns had been transformed into cities. He left Vancouver on 8th August with Lady Minto, and, travelling by way of Skagway and the White Horse Pass, reached Dawson City on the 14th. For four days he led a strenuous life, of which the 重荷（を負わせる） was not lightened by 過度の proffers of シャンペン酒. "It has been a wonderful experience," his diary 記録，記録的な／記録するs. "There seems to have been an idea that we would 持つ／拘留する ourselves aloof, and 辞退する 一般に to 会合，会う all classes or 交換 ideas. We have done our best to see every one and do everything that time 許すd. I have received 嘆願（書）s from the 国民s and the Board of 貿易（する）, and discussed 事柄s with the 政治家，政治屋s, and have had many conversations with 鉱夫s and others 利益／興味d in the country. I have no 疑問 that my search for （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） will be 激しく resented by those in 力／強力にする, but to have 辞退するd to listen would have been, in my opinion, 哀れな." の中で those who resented his 行為／行う was certainly not Sir Wilfrid, to whom the Yukon was a perpetual source of disquiet, and who 喜んで welcomed an honest and first-手渡す opinion. The enthusiasm …に出席するing the 知事-General's 出発 from Dawson was in 示すd contrast to the apathy shown on his arrival. The 鉱夫s felt they had 設立する a friend who understood them. They 現在のd Lady Minto with a gold basket, made in Dawson, filled with nuggets, and with hearty 手渡す-shakes and まっただ中に （犯罪の）一味ing 元気づけるs the party 乗る，着手するd on the paddle-boat, Sybil, on their return 旅行 負かす／撃墜する the Yukon River.

In Minto's 見解（をとる） the direction of the Yukon at that time was a 不名誉. It was too far away to be 効果的に 治める／統治するd from Ottawa, and 汚職, which was always an ugly background 軍隊 in Canadian politics, walked there open and unashamed. The place was a 領土, 治めるd by a commissioner and five others 任命するd by the 知事-General-in-会議, to which 団体／死体 two elected members had just been 追加するd. The problem, it is true, was far from 平易な. The 全住民 was rough, mixed, and nomadic, and of the 17,000 in Dawson City 75 per cent, were American 支配するs. The system of getting gold was 完全に "placer" 採掘, which is not easily developed into a systematic 産業. Distance and the difficulties of 輸送（する） made 供給（する）s 高くつく／犠牲の大きい, and 行政の 失敗s 追加するd to the expense of living and 強めるd the 賭事ing atmosphere. "Prices are enormous," Minto wrote to Arthur Elliot; "an egg 75 cents, a 瓶／封じ込める of シャンペン酒 cheap at 20 dollars, but every one drinks it on every possible occasion; hay very cheap when I was there at 300 dollars a トン (I believe it has been up to 600 dollars). The high prices are to a 広大な／多数の／重要な extent of course 予定 to expense of freight, but also to the misgovernment which has so 税金d the gold 生産（高） that there is a feeling that only 賭事ing prices are 価値（がある） going in for. アルコール飲料 is only 許すd in by a system of 許すs, the 大臣 of the 内部の 配置する／処分する／したい気持ちにさせるing of these 許すs to his friends at a 王族 of two dollars a gallon, and they selling it in Dawson for four and five dollars a gallon to 相場師s there."

It is the tale of all new 採掘 （軍の）野営地，陣営s. A remote 政府 扱う／治療するs them as a milch-cow for 歳入 and a field for patronage, and forgets its 義務s. In a long 私的な letter to Mr. Chamberlain, Minto 始める，決める out the 改革（する）s which seemed to him 必須の. The 過度の 王族 on the gold 生産（高）--10 per cent, on the 甚だしい／１２ダース--should be 減ずるd; the アルコール飲料 許すs system should be 廃止するd, since it put the 貿易（する） into a few corrupt 手渡すs; there should be a change in the system of the 保留（地）／予約 of （人命などを）奪う，主張するs for the Dominion 政府, which was no いっそう少なく than an 招待 to 公式の／役人 dishonesty; above all, a reasonable 割合 of the 歳入 should be spent on the 改良 of the country. There was nothing new either in the （民事の）告訴s or the 提案するd 改革（する）s, for Canada had been humming for the past year with talk of Yukon スキャンダルs. Sir Wilfrid was far from 平易な in his own mind about the 事柄, and he could not 無視（する） the emphatic comments of the 知事-General. The gold 王族 was 減ずるd, and other 改革（する）s were in 過程, when the Yukon question was suddenly transformed into the Alaskan 境界 論争. In a few years the 拒絶する／低下する of the placer 採掘 stripped the problem of its 緊急, for the wilds の近くにd in upon many mushroom 解決／入植地s, and the 激しい growth checked and ebbed.

For the Indians, the 古代の owners of the land, Minto had at all times a peculiar tenderness. In his 早期に wanderings he had been brought much into 接触する with savage tribes, and in particular had seen how the frontier officers in India kept the peace by a wise 寛容, when the 厳しい 手渡す would have led to 争い. In the Batoche 探検隊／遠征隊 he had had experience of the red man, and was eager to 保存する something of his 伝統的な life from the steam-roller of civilization. We find him, on his way 支援する from his Yukon 旅行, visiting the Sarcee and Blackfoot Reserves, of which he wrote to Queen Victoria:--"The Indians, too, have made 広大な／多数の／重要な 前進するs, and though they met me with all their old 野蛮な pomp, bead-work, feathers, and tomahawks, I am told I am probably the last 知事-General who will receive such a welcome, and that my 後継者s will have to be content with 長，指導者s in tall hats and 黒人／ボイコット coats. I suppose one must not 悔いる the coming change, but I 自白する the wild red man has charms for me."

Two years later he was at Fort Qu'appelle and held a pow-wow with the 長，指導者s of a 隣人ing reserve and heard their grievances. One of them was the Sioux, Standing Buffalo, with whose 知能 he was much impressed, and he listened 根気よく to the tale of their woes. The 真っ先の was the 鎮圧 of their 伝統的な dancing. "The Commissioner for Native 事件／事情／状勢s," says the 定期刊行物, "is evidently …に反対するd to dancing. He is a tall cadaverous Scotsman, more like an 年上の of the Kirk than anything else, and had the most depressing 影響 on me. . . . I cannot conceive his ever 認可するing of dancing! But why should not these poor people dance? It is their only amusement, and sober beyond words in comparison to a Scottish reel.

Of course the Sun Dance and its cruelties it was 権利 to stop, but surely not all dancing. . . . The ridiculous wish to 削減（する） it 負かす／撃墜する, root and 支店, on the part of 狭くする-minded 当局 ^makes me sick, and I said plainly that I saw no 害（を与える） in it, and was in no way …に反対するd to it. I suppose I shall be 報告（する）／憶測d, as usual, as in violent 対立 to my 大臣s. I don't care a damn, as I am 納得させるd all reasonable people who know the Indians agree with me, and I believe my speaking out occasionally does much good." So we find him to the end of his 任期 of office pleading the 原因（となる） of the Indians, 特に of his friend Standing Buffalo, to Indian commissioners and 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事s, without much 援助 from the 総理大臣. Sir Wilfrid, who might have been 推定する／予想するd to have a tender 味方する に向かって the 古代の ways, had no wish to rouse the Canadian 同等（の） of the Nonconformist 良心.

Some months after Minto's return from the Yukon a Dawson paper thus 述べるd his visit and its results:--

"For a 知事-General in an 積極的な young 植民地 like Canada to be 活発に 利益／興味d in 事件／事情／状勢s necessitates the constant 演習 of the greatest ありふれた sense. An illustration was afforded in Dawson. The （民事の）告訴s from the 領土 percolating through to the outside were loud and 深い. The 政府 had considered it necessary on the 床に打ち倒す of the House to 抗議する that there was really nothing wrong here excepting the people. Lord Minto was not content to come here and be blind and deaf. The 行政 願望（する）d it. There were many 信頼できる 支持者s of the party in 力／強力にする who stood 用意が出来ている to take mortal offence did the 知事-General make any 資本／首都 for the 対立.

"A weak man would have taken the hint and remained silent, leaving 乱用s unredressed and the people 抑圧するd. A 臆病な／卑劣な man would have 避けるd the dangerous shoals by retiring from the public behind 公式の／役人 dignity and red tape. A stupid man would have had the party and 政府 about his ears in a week. But Lord Minto 避けるd every 落し穴. He first 主張するd upon receiving the people here and 審理，公聴会 their （民事の）告訴s: the 行政 stood off in affright! The 知事-General even 招待するd 法案s of 権利s and 記念のs recapitulating 乱用s; and the stauncher members of the party almost 崩壊（する）d! He cross-診察するd his 報知係s closely, showing the most intelligent and 同情的な understanding of the questions brought before him. The wise ones winked knowingly, and intimated that the 知事-General would 避ける the 激しく揺するs by 棚上げにするing the （民事の）告訴s; that the 記念のs would be pigeon-穴を開けるd and never resurrected; that, in short, it was all a '立ち往生させる.'

"He left Dawson, and it is a 事柄 of Yukon history that after his 出発 he was silent as the 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な. Not a word （機の）カム 支援する to Dawson; not a word reached the outside papers. Ottawa gossip never even discovered he was having anything to say to the 大臣s, or 報告（する）／憶測ing to them his 発見s while here. And the only way in which we know we were not forgotten was that, 開始するing some twenty days after his 出発, the very 改革（する）s were begun for which he had been 嘆願（書）d. Day by day the 乱用s were 除去するd, until presently everything complained of to Lord Minto had been 治療（薬）d without a word of explanation. Moreover, it was to be 観察するd that so cleverly had his 推薦s been made that his standing with the Canadian 政府 and in 公式の／役人 circles was higher than ever. He had dared to be more than an 公式の／役人 puppet; had put his spoke in the Canadian wheel; had not 恐れるd to essay the 改正 of palpable 乱用s; and yet had 干渉するd so cleverly that there was not the slightest soreness discoverable anywhere."

That was the 肉親，親類d of 承認 which Minto 願望（する）d. He was a man of 活動／戦闘, and, though his position forbade him to 行為／法令／行動する himself, he could get things done by others. He 固執するd scrupulously to 憲法の form, and he did not 捜し出す personal repute or 宣伝, but he 安全な・保証するd results without 摩擦, where the 噴出するing 人気-追跡（する）ing type of 知事 would have utterly failed. Dr. Doughty has written of him: "Sir Wilfrid Laurier said once: "Lord Minto is the most 憲法の 知事 we have had.' And yet perhaps no other 知事 後継するd so 完全に in 課すing his own 政策 upon the 政府. He would 示唆する, 説得する, 主張する; but when once his point was 伸び（る）d, there was 完全にする self-effacement, and the 手段 became that of his 助言者s, even in its inception. He might be the discoverer of the evil and the author of the 治療（薬）, but the 活動／戦闘 must be taken by, and the credit belong to, the 政府 of Canada."

He would have asked for no finer 尊敬の印. It is a 鮮明度／定義 of the 必須の 機能（する）／行事 of a wise viceroy in a 解放する／自由な Dominion.

CHAPTER 8

GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF CANADA, 1898-1904 (continued)

Social and Personal Relations

A GOVERNOR-GENERAL lives an intricate and （人が）群がるd life in the public 注目する，もくろむ, and he is fortunate if from the whirl of minor 義務s he can snatch time for 熟考する／考慮する and reflection. His mind may be 吸収するd in some 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な discussion with his 大臣s or the home 政府, but he must 現在の himself smiling at a dozen 機能（する）／行事s, and let no one guess his 最大の関心事. He must perpetually entertain and be entertained: he must show 利益／興味 in every form of public activity, from a charity bazaar to a university 祝賀; he must be accessible to all men that he may learn of them and they of him; he must visit every corner of his domain, and become, for the time 存在, not only one of its 国民s, but by 採択 a perfervid son of each town and 州. These things are the imponderabilia of 知事／長官の職, not いっそう少なく important than a 冷静な／正味の 長，率いる and a sound judgment in the greater 事柄s of 政策, and many a man who is 井戸／弁護士席 fitted for the latter 義務s fails signally in the other. We have seen Minto's work on the political 味方する; in its social and personal 面s its 長所s were no いっそう少なく 目だつ. To the 仕事 indeed he brought splendid endowments. He had remarkable physical strength, and could go through a long 儀式の day without loss of vigour or temper. He について言及するs in his 定期刊行物 that at the age of fifty-six he wore glasses for the first time in reading, which shows how little he had to complain of in bodily 力／強力にするs. He was also endowed with the liveliest curiosity about all sorts and 条件s of men, their 商売／仕事, their sports, the whims and humours of their lives. 存在 the extreme contrary of an egoist, it was 平易な for him to enter into other people's 利益／興味s, and his sympathy was no painfully 可決する・採択するd 提起する／ポーズをとる, but sincere and spontaneous. Lastly, he had a wife who 株d his happy temperament, and relieved him of more than half his 重荷（を負わせる）. Lady Minto's energy was unflagging, and her tact infallible. She busied herself with every form of social work, 利益／興味ing herself in the charities already 設立するd, and raising a 基金 in memory of Queen Victoria which was 充てるd to 設立するing cottage hospitals in 辺ぴな 地区s. She …を伴ってd him everywhere, and everywhere made friends. Few 知事-Generals have made a greater success of that delicate and arduous 義務, 公式の／役人 entertainments. There was a 真心 about the 歓迎会 of each guest which gave the impression of an individual welcome, and the happy atmosphere could not fail to leave its impression on the stream of 訪問者s who crossed the threshold, for the hospitable doors of 政府 House were always open. The secret of this success was 明らかな: the whole 設立 worked for the ありふれた end with a spirit of co-操作／手術 which produced a harmonious 世帯, for there was a magnetism about Minto which called 前へ／外へ the best in others. He had the good fortune to be 補助装置d by the most competent staff; his first 軍の 長官 was Laurence Drummond, to be followed two years later by that officer of the Coldstream Guards who, as Sir Stanley Maude, in the 広大な／多数の／重要な War saved our fortunes in Mesopotamia. Minto was no lover of 機能（する）／行事s, but he 受託するd them cheerfully, wearing on every possible occasion his 軍の uniform in preference to the 外交の gold coat. "You are so absurdly fond of my 明らかにする 脚s and dancing pumps," he wrote to his wife. "What I feel is that all my service till I （機の）カム here has been 軍の service, every little honour I have won is for that, and on 退職 I was given the 権利 to wear a General's uniform, and I shall always do so. I hate these 明らかにする-legged people." He could find a source of humour even in 退屈.

"An awful dinner last night," he told his wife; "timed for 7 and we did not get home till 2 a.m. The toast 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） was sent to me beforehand, and, to my horror, five toasts and seventeen people to speak. I violently remonstrated, but was 保証するd the speeches would be very short. They were yards long! At last, when I was getting desperate, and was just going to 提案する Sir . . . 's health to の近くに the 訴訟／進行s, to my 狼狽 he jumped up and 提案するd 地雷 for the second time. We were by that time so 打ち勝つ with emotion at each other's eloquence that we 同時に broke up. X made a tremendous speech, and, trembling with emotion, 布告するd a Monroe doctrine for Canada, and that she must 吸収する the 明言する／公表するs and 支配する the world. As he had a U.S. professor next door to him, who had just made an excellent speech, I やめる 推定する／予想するd war would be 宣言するd this morning."

The group of high-spirited and extraordinarily handsome children became something of a legend, and their doings and 説s did much to 追加する to the lively 利益／興味 which Canada took in 政府 House. A happy home life is not only an 不可欠の background for a busy man, but, if that man be 知事-General, it is an element in his 影響（力） and a direct 援助（する） to the 人気 of his 政権. The atmosphere of 政府 House, with its warm family affection, its gaiety and its 簡単, was a 残り／休憩（する） and a refreshment to all who entered it. Minto's 定期刊行物s and letters are 十分な of his children and his pride in their 業績／成就s, and the humours and surprises of the young; the remarkable talent that Eileen showed for 事実上の／代理; Ruby's success in taking a first-class at the Toronto College of Music; Esmond's wit and charm; Larry's and Violet's horsemanship. He tells this story of his youngest daughter, who …を伴ってd him on a 旅行 to Lake Tamiscaming. "As we arrived at the 駅／配置する a poor man was brought in horribly mutilated by a 爆破 on the new 鉄道 近づく here. He was やめる insensible and 事実上 dead, and they put him in the 調書をとる／予約するing office. I hoped Vi had not seen him, but she had, and assumed he was in frightful agony and asked me 怒って why they did not kill him now, at once: 'Do have him killed, Father.' So 完全に practical and so like old Vi--it would so often be much the best 計画（する）."

There were other entertainments at 政府 House than formal parties, one of the most successful 存在 a children's fancy dress ball at the Christmas of 1903, when the 長，指導者 characters were taken from Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, his youngest daughter Violet filling the part of Alice, and Esmond, then seven years old, that of the White Rabbit. There were also many 劇の 業績／成果s, brilliantly 行う／開催する／段階-managed by Captain Harry Graham. There were unrehearsed 業績／成果s too, such as the 解雇する／砲火／射撃 that broke out in the new wing of the house on the 早期に morning of 復活祭 Sunday 1904, when Lady Minto was lying helpless with a broken 脚. "My own bedroom," Minto 令状s in his 定期刊行物, "was so 十分な of smoke I could hardly breathe in it. We made a 担架 out of a 審査する and carried Mary 負かす／撃墜する to the oval room. She really behaved magnificently; my 恐れる was that she was too 冷静な／正味の and would not 許す us to hurry her enough. The children's wing was almost 全く destroyed, and much 損失 was done by water before the 解雇する／砲火／射撃 was 消滅させるd. The younger children had been taken for safety to the stables, and were 設立する there later, ひさまづくing by the corn 貯蔵所, 真面目に praying for their mother's safety."*

* This was not the only experience the Mintos had of 解雇する／砲火／射撃s, for in the same month four years earlier four miles of the town of Ottawa had been burnt, and the 知事-General had himself 補助装置d the 解雇する／砲火／射撃 旅団 in fighting the 炎上s.

There were 確かな 出来事/事件s which belonged to the social and 儀式の 味方する of Minto's 義務s which gave him as much thought and trouble as the major problems of politics. Two of them are 価値（がある） 公式文書，認めるing, as an example of the 肉親，親類d of difficulty which beset the 知事-General's path. When in January 1901 Queen Victoria died, it seemed to Minto only fitting that there should be an 公式の／役人 記念の service in Ottawa. He 協議するd Sir Wilfrid Laurier, who 認可するd, and it was decided that a service should be held in the Church of England Cathedral, at which the 知事-General and 大臣s should …に出席する in 明言する／公表する. It was arranged that Minto should 問題／発行する the 招待s, that the 大主教 should officiate, and that the 政府 should 与える／捧げる to the Cathedral decorations. Suddenly there arrived a 公式文書，認める from Sir Wilfrid 説 that there could be no 明言する／公表する service, as there was no 明言する／公表する church in Canada, and that 大臣s could only …に出席する the services of their own communions. Minto was 自然に surprised, not at the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） about the 明言する／公表する church, but at Sir Wilfrid's 結論. It seemed to him reasonable to 持つ／拘留する the 記念の service for the dead Queen in the church to which she had belonged, though the 総理大臣 was a カトリック教徒. Moreover, there was an exact precedent. The 団体／死体 of Sir John Thompson had been brought from England in a man-of-war, there had been a 明言する／公表する funeral at Halifax, and a 明言する／公表する 記念の service in the Roman カトリック教徒 Basilica at Ottawa, for all of which the 政府 had paid. Sir Wilfrid, much embarrassed, explained that Sir John's had been a "burial" service with the 団体／死体 現在の; but Minto replied that the 団体／死体 had remained at Halifax, while the 記念の service was held at Ottawa. There was indeed no argument possible on the 総理大臣's 味方する; he had been willing enough, but had changed his mind because of the 反対s of 確かな of the 大臣s, 顕著に Mr. Scott, who was a 狭くする type of カトリック教徒. 合間 the 大臣の 圧力（をかける） （刑事）被告 the 知事-General of having taken a highhanded line on his own 当局 and of 試みる／企てるing to 軍隊 a 明言する／公表する church upon Canada. Minto very 適切に 問題／発行するd a contradiction, pointing out that every step he had taken had been with Sir Wilfrid's assent, and the consequence was that 大臣s looked 極端に foolish. The whole 事件／事情／状勢 was scarcely to the 総理大臣's credit; he had agreed without 協議するing his 閣僚, and at a hint of 対立 had chosen to leave the 知事-General in the lurch. The result was that the solemnity of the occasion was somewhat marred: the カトリック教徒 市長 of Quebec, who was also 総理大臣 of the 州, …に出席するd in 明言する／公表する a service in the English Cathedral in that city; at Ottawa Sir Wilfrid went to the Roman カトリック教徒 Basilica, while Minto with some of the 大臣s went to the English service--…を伴ってd, to the amazement of the 国民s, by that stout カトリック教徒, Mr. イスラエル Tarte.

A second 出来事/事件 was the visit of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York in the autumn of 1901. The 政府 at first showed 完全にする apathy in the 商売／仕事; Mr. Scott was doubtful about Canada's welcome, but waived his 反対 in haste when Minto 提案するd to cable his 見解（をとる）s home and 示唆する that the visit be countermanded. Then 大臣s 願望（する）d to make 手はず／準備 themselves, which was manifestly an impossible 計画（する）, but Minto pointed out that he would be held 本人自身で 責任がある the 詳細（に述べる）s, and they willingly 放棄するd the 仕事. The organization from beginning to end was the work of the 知事-General and his staff, and it was no small 請け負うing. The time was 限られた／立憲的な, the 王室の 訪問者s wished to travel Canada from East to West, 地元の susceptibilities had to be considered in order that no area might be neglected, and it was 平等に important that the Duke and Duchess should not be overweighted with 義務s but should have a reasonable 株 of leisure and amusement. There were anxious hearts at the Citadel before the Ophir arrived at Quebec, but the success of the visit was 完全にする and 明白な. Minto's letter of October 25, 1901, to King Edward is the best 要約:--

"It is a 広大な／多数の／重要な 楽しみ to me to be able to tell your Majesty of the 巨大な success of their 王室の Highnesses' visit. From the day they arrived at Quebec till their 出発 last Monday their stay here has been a 一連の ovations, and I hear nothing on all 味方するs but 表現s of 楽しみ, not only as to the success of the 小旅行する, but as to the affectionate impressions they have left behind them. . . . Their 王室の Highnesses held 歓迎会s at all the 長，指導者 towns, which were very 大部分は …に出席するd. They were arranged on the lines of the 明言する／公表する 歓迎会s held at Ottawa, though there was at first かなりの 相違 of opinion as to the best manner of 行為／行うing them--whether they should 簡単に be 歓迎会s in the ordinary sense of the word, a few selected people 存在 brought up and introduced, or whether people should 'pass' and 屈服する without shaking 手渡すs, or whether every one should shake 手渡すs. Their 王室の Highnesses 可決する・採択するd the last course, and it has been 深く，強烈に 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるd as a personal intercourse between themselves and the Canadian people, which will always be remembered.

"Your Majesty will have seen from the newspapers that I did not …を伴って their 王室の Highnesses across the continent. . . . I 自白する I was at first much in 疑問 as to what to do. I was very anxious to give all the help I could, and felt that I might be able to give a good 取引，協定 of help from my 知識 with 主要な people in the North-West and in British Columbia. But at the same time I felt that it was only natural that 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事s should wish 本人自身で to take the lead in doing honour to the Duke and Duchess, and that I should perhaps be rather in the way at small 政府 Houses, where two staffs would multiply difficulties. So I hope your Majesty may think I decided rightly in not going across the continent. Lady Minto went everywhere with the Duke and Duchess, and was, I hope, an 援助 to them. I met them on their return from the West at a place called Poplar Point, in Manitoba, where we had two days' duck 狙撃, which I believe the Duke enjoyed. I think that eleven guns got about 700 duck in a day and a half's 狙撃, and a detached party of four guns got about 200 more. I had 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty in arranging this shoot: my 大臣s were …に反対するd to any 狙撃 at all, and I finally had to 主張する on it on the ground that it really was absurd to say that H.R.H. should not be 許すd a day and a half's 緩和. . . . I am sure your Majesty will understand that the organization of the 小旅行する was not without its difficulties. There was at first an inclination to do nothing to 準備する for the 歓迎会 and to leave everything to chance. It was hopeless, too, to endeavour to explain that their 王室の Highnesses' time was 限られた／立憲的な, or that it was fair to consider their 力／強力にするs of endurance. その結果 it 残り／休憩（する）d with me to 請け負う many 拒絶s and curtailments of 儀式s, the necessity for which people here are unwilling to 収容する／認める. But it is an 巨大な satisfaction to realize that Canada's 歓迎会 has been a 勝利を得た demonstration of loyal 感情. The letter of hearty thanks which the Duke has 演説（する）／住所d to me, 表明するing his sincere 評価 of the 歓迎会 he had received throughout Canada, has given 広大な／多数の／重要な 楽しみ everywhere."

The weeks passed at the Citadel during the autumn of each year were of special 利益／興味 to Minto. Quebec had a peculiar attraction for him, and he spent many an afternoon wandering through the Old Town searching out its historical treasures and 診察するing the 詳細（に述べる）s of its 戦場s. His 利益／興味 led him to 願望（する） a deeper and more 正確な knowledge, and on making 調査s for the historical manuscripts Minto 設立する that these 価値のある 記録，記録的な／記録するs were not 利用できる, and that the whole of the Canadian 古記録s were in a 明言する／公表する of 悲惨な disorder. They were rotting uncatalogued and uncared for in cellars and 地階s: no one department was 責任がある their 保護／拘留, and no 試みる／企てる was made to fill up the gaps in them, with the result that they were 事実上 useless for the 目的s of the scholar. In a long letter to Sir Wilfrid, Minto pointed out what appeared to him the iniquity of the neglect: "My 研究s have 誘発するd in me such 利益／興味 and 関心 that I cannot 差し控える from speaking 堅固に. 事前の to 1882 many papers were committed to the 炎上s; I have heard of large consignments of unsorted 文書s, some of which were known to be 価値のある, 存在 除去するd from the Privy 会議 Office for the 利益 of the paper factories. It is not only in the 政府 offices that these 記録，記録的な／記録するs 存在する, but many are scattered throughout the country in the old Hudson's Bay 地位，任命するs, utterly neglected, which are of the greatest historical value. It appears to me that the 任命 of a 副 Keeper of the 記録，記録的な／記録するs would be of the greatest value to the history of the Dominion, and would 影響 a 相当な saving on the extravagant system which at 現在の 存在するs. For this 任命, both on account of his ability and literary taste, I should like to について言及する Mr. Doughty, the 議会の Librarian, with whom I have been in の近くに touch in 関係 with the old 計画（する）s of the defences of Quebec."

Minto 圧力（をかける）d the question, with the result that the 現在の 古記録s building was 築くd, and the 政府 laid the 創立／基礎 of a new system of 保護（する）／緊急輸入制限ing and 完全にするing the public 記録，記録的な／記録するs which has grown to-day to be one of the best in the world. He 安全な・保証するd for Canada the 初めのs of the despatches to the 知事-Generals, 同様に as many 価値のある 文書s from 私的な muniment rooms. He also took up the 事柄 of the teaching of Canadian history in schools, and, 存在 不満な with the 存在するing text-調書をとる／予約するs, induced the 政府 to 請け負う the 準備 and 問題／発行する of 文書s for Canadian history, of which the Board of Historical 出版（物）s of Canada and the brilliant work of Dr. A. S. Doughty were the ultimate fruit.

Minto also interceded with the 総理大臣 for the 保護 of the Plains of Abraham, having discovered to his horror that it was 提案するd to desecrate that historic ground by building and road-making, and that Sir Wilfrid had 現実に 調印するd, without reading it, an order-in-会議 for the 目的. He at once took the 事柄 up and 変えるd the Prime 大臣 to his 見解（をとる）s, so that 法律制定 was passed 保存するing the Plains for all time as a 国家の 記念の.

The 知事-General had an unusual experience one winter in reaching Quebec:--

"Left 政府 House in the worst blizzard I ever saw. 電報電信s from Quebec told us of a terrible 嵐／襲撃する 激怒（する）ing there, but I thought it was best to 押し進める through if possible. We arrived at Levis about midnight. The ice-橋（渡しをする） jam gave way last night, and the river was passable only in canoes; the banks were piled with rough ice and fields of icebergs were floating 負かす／撃墜する the river. It is very rare that the ferryboats fail to keep the river open, and canoes are now seldom used. It was a most thrilling experience. We got into our canoe on 乾燥した，日照りの land and were 押し進めるd and 牽引するd partly over the floes of ice and partly in the open river. We had eight men to each canoe, who paddled in the open water and were wonderfully quick in jumping out and 押し進めるing the canoe over the ice, singing French-Canadian songs as they paddled. I would not have 行方不明になるd the passage for anything. In these days of ice-breakers such a crossing is almost unique. At the 上陸 sleighs had been 供給するd for us, and the Snow Shoe Clubs in their 衣装s 護衛するd us to the Citadel, which we 設立する warm and comfortable."

II

The 知事-General travelled throughout the length and breadth of Canada, covering 113,000 miles during his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office. 世代s of Whig decorum had not killed in him the moss-軍隊／機動隊ing instincts of Liddesdale; his love of adventure, often of the roughest 肉親，親類d, and of every description of sport, brought him very 近づく to the heart of the country. His bodily fitness and the hard training in which he always kept himself made 探検隊／遠征隊s possible for him which would have broken up younger men. His old family 関係s, too, and his 株 in the little war of 1885 stood him in good stead, and wherever he went he 設立する friends--国境 Scots who remembered the Elliots, and men who had been with him at Batoche.

"Arrived at Winnipeg, where we met with a most 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の 歓迎会. A 抱擁する （人が）群がる packed the streets, and we passed through a 狭くする line of people all carrying たいまつs. It is said that Canadians can't 元気づける, but there was no 疑問 about it at Winnipeg, and people kept running out of the （人が）群がる to shake my 手渡す, Hawick men shouting 'Terribus.'* The enthusiasm continued the whole way to 政府 House. Winnipeg is intensely Scots: the 市長 in one of his speeches said that though they were very proud to welcome the 代表者／国会議員 of the Queen, their demonstration was for Lord Melgund, who had fought for them in 1885. . .

* The 決起大会／結集させるing cry of the men of Hawick.

"…に出席するd church parade in uniform. I marched at the 長，率いる of the 90th, very 十分な of old recollections of 1885, and with rather a lump in my throat. I was with them so much; they and the Scouts bore all the brunt of the 早期に days of the （選挙などの）運動をする. It was with a strong party of the 90th that I went, two days after the fight at Fish Creek, to 回復する the 団体／死体s of the men left there. And as we passed the gate of old Fort Garry one could not but think of Wolseley, and Buller, and the Red River 探検隊／遠征隊, and all the history they have 株d in since then, when there was scarcely anything but the Hudson's Bay Fort and a few nouses with about 200 inhabitants where the 広大な／多数の／重要な city now stands. In 1885, when I first knew it, the main street was a quagmire, and the 全住民 about 25,000. At the last 国勢（人口）調査 it was returned at 95,000. 抱擁する buildings, banks, and 倉庫／問屋s rivalling London and New York are springing up everywhere と一緒に the old 木造の shacks of days gone by. It has become a 広大な 鉄道 centre with a hundred miles of sidings. It seems a fairy tale."*

* It was from Winnipeg four years later that Minto received his most touching 別れの（言葉，会）. The Town Hall was illuminated with "Au revoir, Minto": the 知事-General's train stood for some time in the 駅／配置する, and the （人が）群がる made the most remarkable demonstration. Thousands surrounded the car; they climbed on the wheels, on the footboard, and clung to the door. Again and again Minto had to appear; he thanked them and tried to 企て，努力，提案 them good-bye, but they 辞退するd to 分散させる until the train slowly moved out of the 駅／配置する まっただ中に （犯罪の）一味ing 元気づけるs.

The Mintos paid two visits to the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs. The first was in October 1899:--

"We left Ottawa and arrived at New York on 1st October, to be the guests of 陸軍大佐 Roosevelt, 知事 of New York 明言する／公表する, ーするために …に出席する the International ヨット Race between Sir Thomas Lipton's Shamrock and the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs ヨット Columbia. Roosevelt's home is Sagamore Hill, Long Island, a small and unpretentious house. . . . In the afternoon I took a walk with 陸軍大佐 Roosevelt, who is やめる one of the most remarkable men I ever met, 泡ing over with energy of mind and 団体／死体; hardly ever stops talking, a 広大な／多数の／重要な sense of humour, and an excellent raconteur; I should think afraid of nothing 肉体的に or morally, and 絶対 straightforward. Though a 広大な／多数の／重要な sportsman--the house is 十分な of magnificent 長，率いるs--he has much literary talent, and has written many 調書をとる／予約するs, 冒険的な and historical, and is considered to be in the running for the 大統領／総裁などの地位. He is rather fat and short, with a bull-dog 表現, and a way of gnashing his teeth when eager in conversation. I delighted in him."

During one walk Roosevelt led Minto to a precipitous cliff and pointed out a ジグザグの path by which he advised him to descend, 説 that he himself preferred climbing 負かす／撃墜する the 直面する of the 激しく揺する. To his surprise Minto at once volunteered to …を伴って him, and the 知事 of New York 明言する／公表する and the 知事-General of Canada raced together to the 底（に届く）. At the の近くに of the visit their host, on wishing Lady Minto good-bye, confided to her that he had dreaded their arrival, his idea of an English peer 存在 somebody "wedded to a frock coat and a tall hat, who had rarely left the London pavements."

The second crossing of the 国境 took place in May 1903. During one of his arduous 公式の／役人 小旅行するs in Western Ontario--when it was no exception to visit from five to six towns in one day, 検査／視察するing every charitable 会・原則 of importance, replying to a dozen or more 演説（する）／住所s, and 持つ／拘留するing 歓迎会s of nearer thousands than hundreds--Minto was 招待するd to visit Detroit. The 定期刊行物 含む／封じ込めるs this account:--

"Our 歓迎会 at Detroit took us 完全に by surprise. We 設立する 陸軍大佐 Hecker's ヨット 十分な of lovely ladies in the 最新の Paris fashions, and on 上陸 we 設立する a carriage, and the 市長, waiting to 護衛する us. The streets were （疑いを）晴らすd of all traffic, and the 市長 said there were some 150,000 people along the line of our 大勝する. Every window was （人が）群がるd, and our 歓迎会 was enthusiastic. 'The Fighting First,' a 正規の／正選手 連隊 home the day before from the Philippines, 長，率いるd the 行列 in khaki, then the 国家の Guard, then the 海軍の Reserve, all in open columns of companies. A small boy marched と一緒に of our carriage yelling: 'What's the 事柄 with Lady Minto--she's all 権利,' after the custom of the New World. After marching through the 長，指導者 parts of the town, the 軍隊／機動隊s formed line along the magnificent 主要な／長／主犯 street, and the 禁止（する）d played 'God save the King ' as we passed. We were then taken to the hotel, where a deputation from both Houses of the 立法機関 of Michigan 明言する／公表する 現在のd me with an 演説（する）／住所 of welcome, 全員一致で 投票（する）d by both Houses, for which I 表明するd my thanks. The 市長 made a very nice speech, to which I replied, 説 that I could only suppose the enthusiasm of my 歓迎会 was ーするつもりであるd as a 証言 of friendship for the King whom I was so proud to 代表する. Then followed a supper and a 歓迎会 of the 主要な 国民s, when we were 現在のd to the officers of the 'Fighting First.' The City Hall was illuminated with a 'Welcome' to us, and then we returned in our ヨット to our own 味方する. It was a most remarkable 儀式 from first to last. Everything perfectly 組織するd, and I am at a loss to account for the enthusiasm. Whether it was all the American wish to lead the world, even as to 歓迎会s, or whether there was any inspiration from Washington, or whether the large Canadian 全住民 of Detroit had anything to do with it, I don't know; but it is impossible to think that there was not some friendly feeling underlying it all."

The 定期刊行物 throughout his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office is 十分な of 公式文書，認めるs of （軍の）野営地，陣営ing 探検隊／遠征隊s, いつかs part of an 公式の／役人 小旅行する, いつかs snatched in the intervals of 商売／仕事. Twice with his family Minto （軍の）野営地，陣営d on the shores of Qu'appelle Lake, celebrated for its duck 狙撃; but what he enjoyed most was revisiting the scenes of the Riel 反乱 and living over again his old （選挙などの）運動をするing days.

"Moved to Edmonton during the night. Received an 演説（する）／住所 on the hill above the Saskatchewan on which the town stands. The beech 支持を得ようと努めるd a 集まり of yellow. The 護衛する must have been a pretty sight as they crossed the 橋（渡しをする） and rose the hill. Just as I got off my horse a man in the （人が）群がる shouted out, 'We'll give the Indian war whoop for our fighting 知事-General;' they gave three 元気づけるs and then yelled the war whoop. I suppose I, and those in the Riel 反乱 in 1885, will be the last to hear the Indian war whoop in 戦う／戦い.

"We lunched with Bishop Grandin, a delightful old man, at the 使節団 at Fort Albert, where I met an old 兵士 who told me that he had served with me in the 機動力のある Infantry in Egypt in 1882. Just as I was leaving a priest （機の）カム up and spoke to me: 'Had I ever seen him before?' I said, 'Yes, I think in a cottage at Batoche fifteen years ago.' He then told me that he was the priest to whom I gave a 安全な-行為／行う and a message to the 反逆者／反逆するs. I remembered it all perfectly, and had always a hope that the 反逆者／反逆するs might 降伏する without その上の loss of life.

"Three curious things have happened to me today. The war whoop, the old 兵士, and the priest.

"(Batoche) Strolled with Mary and the girls to the church. The last time I saw it it was 十分な of our 負傷させるd, and I had given orders for them to be ready to move at once if we had to 落ちる 支援する. Places and scenes （機の）カム vividly before me. . . .

"We had a most 利益／興味ing day too at Fish Creek. We lunched in the hollow 主要な to the ravine where I was twice 解雇する／砲火／射撃d at and where Middleton had his cap 発射 through. I was told long afterwards that it was Gabriel Dumont who 解雇する／砲火／射撃d at us. I walked over to P鑽e Moulin's house in the moonlight, and had a last look at the church and the open ground in 前線 of it, so 十分な of memories. When I last saw it the bush to the 権利 was on 解雇する／砲火／射撃, and things were not going 井戸／弁護士席. I went into Batoche's house and saw the room in which poor Jack French was killed, 発射 through the window. He was a 罰金 gallant fellow and much liked. . . . A day 十分な of 利益／興味, but rather sad; recollections of hard but very happy times and many old friends. Our （軍の）野営地，陣営 here has been luxurious, very different from the old （選挙などの）運動をするing days. Mary is sitting here beside me. Our テント opens に向かって the beautiful Saskatchewan."

In September 1904 Minto introduced a new feature into the usual autumn programme, starting with Maude, and an 護衛する of North-West 機動力のある Police 命令（する）d by Gilpin Brown, on a 400-mile ride from Edmonton to Saskatoon, ーするために 熟知させる himself with the 条件s of the country:--

"The prairie looking lovely in all the glory of autumn 色合いs, golden beech, and crimson-leaf dwarf rose, and the magnificent 輪郭（を描く） of the Rockies always in the background. My staff laugh at me because I say that if I began life over again I would choose the 屈服する River country for a home. To me, too, even the flatter prairie has a charm.

"September 21st.--Struck our （軍の）野営地，陣営 for the last time. In all probability my last （軍の）野営地，陣営 on the prairie. Such a pretty place on the banks of the North Saskatchewan. Last night brilliant moonlight--a couple of coyotes speaking to each other not far off, and the 急ぐ of a flight of ducks over my テント about midnight. It is a dreadful pang leaving it all. The 全住民 of these parts is 完全に old country. It is curious to find 精製するd ladies and gentlemen in this rough Western life, but they are splendid, 十分な of ideas and energy, and the more I see the more I admire the 先導 of the best of our people, and the more I dislike the self-満足させるd 高級な of home. The people of the Far West, the Indians, the 機動力のある Police, are 一般に far better fellows."

III

To the wonderful Canadian rivers Minto and his family 借りがあるd their 長，指導者 enjoyment. Those mighty 水路s, with their relentless 現在のs and 雪の降る，雪の多い 早いs, cast a （一定の）期間 over them. River 探検隊／遠征隊s were made almost every day during the summer, sailing, canoeing, or 列／漕ぐ／騒動ing, and on more than one occasion at かなりの personal 危険. 予期しない squalls would arise, when the waves would 井戸／弁護士席-nigh 押し寄せる／沼地 the frail canoe, or the sail would hardly be lowered in time. The 静める 冷静な／正味の evenings on the Ottawa, after the 広大な／多数の／重要な heat of the day, with the sun setting in a 野外劇／豪華な行列 of crimson, brought 残り／休憩（する） and contentment. Minto could 扱う a canoe 同様に as any half-産む／飼育する, and he never forgot his "wet-（頭が）ひょいと動く" 偉業／利用するs at Eton. "I have just returned from dining at the Shack on the Gatineau," he wrote to his wife, "Lawless, Hanlon and some 列／漕ぐ／騒動ing men, 法案 Lascelles and self. Hanlon, as I dare say you know, was 支持する／優勝者 sculler of the world for years, probably the best that ever 列／漕ぐ／騒動d. You would have been amused this afternoon: of course they did not know I knew anything about sculling. 井戸／弁護士席, Hanlon （機の）カム up in a light racing boat, and after dinner 法案, goodness knows why, said he must go out in it. I thought it 半端物 if he knew nothing about it to 投機・賭ける in an outrigger with a 事情に応じて変わる seat. However, out he went, and sort of floated into the middle of the river, where he became 権力のない to move either way, and Lawless had to go out in a canoe and somehow bring him in. So I thought I would give them a show. I believe they thought me mad, and that I was bound to 転覆する, so I 手渡すd my watch to Hanlon, who evidently considered it all up with me, and 静かに seated myself, 存在 確かな I should feel just as I did thirty years ago. I made them 押し進める me out, and I fancy they were utterly 打ち勝つ by surprise at the first few 一打／打撃s I took, when they all burst into wild 賞賛. In a few minutes I felt I was やめる in good form, and left them all gaping with wonder!"

One of the 認めるd Ottawa 探検隊／遠征隊s was to shoot the 板材 slides on the Chaudiere 落ちるs, a comparatively tame 業績／成果; but to 追加する zest to the 偉業／利用する the 知事-General was advised to use a lumberman's boat instead of a prosaic raft. 手はず／準備 were accordingly made, and the Mintos, …を伴ってd by the Drummonds and the Grenfells,* 乗る，着手するd above the 落ちるs, やめる unaware of the extreme danger of the adventure. Once in the boat it was too late to draw 支援する. The lock gates were open, the river was exceptionally high, the 現在の carried them off, and soon they were 急落（する），激減（する）ing 負かす／撃墜する a 減少（する） of twenty feet into the 殺到するing 早いs of the 落ちるs. The nose of the boat was 完全に 潜水するd, and the two men who were 試みる／企てるing to guide her were 権力のない. The 激流 took 命令（する） and flung the boat like a cork first one way then the other, till, with its drenched occupants, it was providentially carried into calmer waters.

* Lord and Lady Desborough.

In the 早期に spring of 1902 Minto had another 狭くする escape from 溺死するing. When walking one day on the frozen Ottawa River the ice suddenly gave way with him and he 設立する himself in the water:--

"At first I thought it was only the snow crust, but soon realized it was more than that. I could see the solid ice about three feet below the surface, and の近くに to it was the unmistakable 黒人／ボイコット-looking 深い water, just under my 長，率いる. I fell 十分な length, and luckily the crust supported my arm, but on the 権利 味方する I was wet up to the neck. I 慎重に raised myself on to the crust on my 手渡すs and 膝s and was then all 権利. I must have struck an 空気／公表する 穴を開ける connected with the 深い water, and only thinly covered. It does not do to take liberties with the Ottawa River!"

It was a 広大な／多数の／重要な grief to Minto that the fishing on the Cascapedia was no longer the perquisite of the 知事-General; for the enjoyment of this sport he had to be beholden to 私的な owners, or to 受託する the 歓待 of the American clubs who had 購入（する）d the fishing of many Canadian rivers. The 高級な of the newcomers seemed to him to suburbanize the sport. "Very hospitable, certainly," the 定期刊行物 公式文書，認めるs, "but an unworkmanlike look about them; very smart 冒険的な 着せる／賦与するs, looking as if they never had been and never would be rained on. X himself in a grey hat and white puggaree, variegated waistcoat, new putties under white low gaiters, and brand new leather boots. He would have startled them on the Tweed." Minto loved the river, frozen or running 解放する／自由な; the whole family skated, Lady Minto brilliantly, and during their 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office the Minto Skating Club was 就任するd, which has since produced competitors for the world's 選手権. Throughout the winter there were 週刊誌 skating parties, but the favourite entertainments were by moonlight, when the bonfires 炎d and the rinks were brilliant with fairy lights. There would be an 時折の tramp with the Snow-shoers in their picturesque 衣装s to the rhythm of French-Canadian songs. Minto also took up ski-ing with enthusiasm, and with Lady Minto and the children was often seen careering over the snow-覆う？ hills at Fairy Lake.*

* As a Scotsman Minto was also a curler, and had the 楽しみ of entertaining the Scottish team that （機の）カム over to play Canada. In the 乾燥した，日照りの and electric 空気／公表する of the Canadian winter it is possible to light the gas by placing a finger on the jet. This was pointed out to one of the 訪問者s, who duly 成し遂げるd the feat, and 観察するd that "it cowed a'." "When I get hame," he said, "I'll hae some queer things to tell the wife, but I'll no tell her that. She would say I had been drinkiin'."

No sport （機の）カム amiss to the 知事-General, and an adventure while on a moose-追跡（する） in the Matawa 地区 of Ontario is 述べるd in a letter to his wife:--

"We started at 8:30 a.m. through nice open bush. I got a 発射 at a moose in the afternoon, and thought I had killed him, but he went on. He was の近くに in 前線 of us, but we could not やめる manage to get up to him. As it was getting late we thought we had better make for （軍の）野営地，陣営; the guide 保証するd me we should get the moose the next day, so we started for home. We tramped along for some time, but before long I was 納得させるd that neither of the guides knew in the least where we were; however, we struggled on 予定 north, steering by the compass. At last we （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する to a little lake; it was getting dark, and the guide, Frank Le Claire, pulled up, looked at me and said,'We must make 解雇する／砲火／射撃.'"

It is a pretty dismal feeling to be utterly lost in these 抱擁する forests. We had 事実上 nothing to eat, and very thin coats on, though we luckily had our sweaters. We had eight small 薄焼きパン／素焼陶器s left from our lunch, some tea, and a spoonful of whisky in my flask. There was nothing for it but 'to make 解雇する／砲火／射撃,' and the guide at once 取り組むd a 抱擁する dead pine with his small axe, an enormous tree which （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する with a tremendous 衝突，墜落. It was rotten all through, and the hollow tree formed a sort of draught chimney, at the end of which we lighted our 解雇する／砲火／射撃, and kept it 燃やすing all night. It was certainly an unpleasant experience, 激しく 冷淡な, but 罰金, the new moon just showing itself. The guides 削減（する） us some spruce boughs, and we lay 負かす／撃墜する on these, getting roasted on one 味方する so that our things scorched, and frozen on the other, so that one had to keep 回転するing like a kitchen spit.

"The morning （機の）カム at last; we started again at 7:30 a.m., still steering north. A very rough walk till we 攻撃する，衝突する a 板材 追跡する. Soon we got 負かす／撃墜する to the lake, doubtfully frozen over, and nervously crossed till within a few yards of the other 味方する; but seeing no 調印するs of the 追跡する in the bush, and not knowing where in the world we might get to if we still went on our course, we decided to turn 支援する to our bivouac and （問題を）取り上げる our old 追跡する of the day before and 追跡（する） it out if we could stick the distance, as we knew it must 結局 get us home unless snow （機の）カム and obliterated our 示すs. About 4 o'clock, after tramping all day through the snow, we heard a shout, and to our 激しい delight 設立する that one of the guides had come out from the （軍の）野営地，陣営 to 会合，会う us, bringing whisky and 挟むs. We had 事実上 eaten nothing since 12 o'clock the day before, and had had tremendously hard walking, up to our 膝s in snow. Another hour brought us into the （軍の）野営地，陣営. I do not think I have ever had such a hard time, and have never been so played out; we had been on the go for about 34 hours. I wondered how much その上の it was possible for us to keep on. To-day we felt we must have a 残り／休憩（する）, but the guides went out, and the Indians have just brought in my moose, a splendid 長，率いる 手段ing 49, and the whole 設立 is wild with excitement."

Canada is not famous as a 追跡（する）ing country, and Minto had few chances of indulging in his favourite 追跡. On one occasion, however, すぐに after his arrival in the country, he was out riding with his children--

"When, to our 激しい surprise, we heard hounds running in the 共同墓地, and five and a half couple crossed the road, running hard, with a tremendous cry, and not a soul with them." The 約束 of this ghostly 追跡（する） was not 実行するd, but the 定期刊行物 記録，記録的な／記録するs one day with the hounds at St. Anne's, 近づく Montreal: "What recollections of old days! Red coats and all the panoply of the chase! We 設立する in a large 支持を得ようと努めるd and went away very 急速な／放蕩な for twenty minutes やめる straight and lost him. 設立する again late in the afternoon, over very difficult country, 石／投石する 塀で囲むs, and stiff 木材／素質 with no end of 溝へはまらせる／不時着するs. My horse was the cleverest I ever 棒. A very good day's sport!" The gusto with which he recounts the 詳細（に述べる）s of the run showed that the passion of the old Limber days had not abated.

IV

In June 1902 Minto returned to England on a 飛行機で行くing visit to …に出席する the 載冠（式）／即位（式）, where he was just in time to 妨げる the 告示 of a peerage for Sir Wilfrid Laurier which Sir Wilfrid had 辞退するd. He 設立する it difficult to get any serious talk with the 大臣s.

"They are 一般に 長，率いる over ears in work and 利益／興味d only in their own departments. Mr. Chamberlain's 事故 too has 妨げるd my having much conversation with him. He himself has done a 広大な／多数の／重要な work in developing the 植民地の and 皇室の 関係, but I 疑問 if he is in touch with 植民地の 感情--I mean, if he 完全に realizes the sentimental affection for the motherland, or 裁判官s 公正に／かなり of the 不本意 of 植民地の statesmen to commit themselves あわてて to an 皇室の 政策. He appears to be a hard-長，率いるd man of 商売／仕事, bent on the idea of 利用するing our 植民地の 所有／入手s for 皇室の 利益. . . . He is a very strong man but not a 同情的な one, and therefore his 植民地の 行政 is not without 危険. I suppose my 注目する，もくろむs have been opened by my life on the other 味方する of the 大西洋, for I 自白する I feel that there is much that is very insular at home in ideas and knowledge of mankind."

About 軍の 事件／事情／状勢s Minto was 悲観的な. He thought Lord Roberts incapable of carrying through any real army 改革（する）s, and the 条件s of the War Office seemed to him primeval 大混乱. "Kitchener said at 昼食 the other day at the Duke of Connaught's, 'One could run a War Office どこかよそで for a year without the War Office finding one out.' There have only been telephones at the War Office for the last few months, for 恐れる, it is said, that some one should say something 負かす／撃墜する them of which there was no 記録，記録的な／記録する!" *

* The 定期刊行物 for 1902 の近くにs with this 入ること／参加（者）: "This year has been 十分な of events; the Peace, the 載冠（式）／即位（式）, and all its sensational 利益／興味, and latterly the 完成 of the 太平洋の Cable and the 'All-一連の会議、交渉／完成する-the-World' message to me, and still more Marconi's wonderful success, and my wireless message to the King. For the 未来 Sir Wilfrid's delicate health makes me anxious both in a public and a 私的な sense, for he is a 広大な／多数の／重要な friend, and a 嵐の 開会／開廷／会期 is approaching. . . . And now we shall 前進する at midnight for the next （選挙などの）運動をする. The bells are （犯罪の）一味ing in the New Year, and Mary wishes me a happy one."

In April 1903 Mr. Chamberlain, ーに関して／ーの点でs of high compliment, begged Minto to remain another year in Canada, since the office was in reality a six-year 任命, though custom had curtailed it to five. Minto 同意d, as he was bound to do, 特に as Sir Wilfrid Laurier 追加するd his entreaties. That same month we find the first について言及する of the 可能性 of his going to India as Lord Curzon's 後継者. Mr. Chamberlain referred to it in his letter, and Sir Wilfrid spoke 個人として to the 知事-General, 説 that he would do all in his 力／強力にする to 勧める the 任命, 追加するing that Minto had "his foot in the stirrup, if he was not yet in the saddle," and that he would be glad to see Lord Palmerston's advice followed--"When in difficulty send an Elliot." There had been other suggestions as to his 未来, one of which, the 大使館 at Washington, he had unhesitatingly 拒絶するd. India 控訴，上告d to him on every ground of past 関係 and 現在の-day 適切な時期; but it was never his habit to ask for things, and for the next eighteen months the 支配する dropped. Lady Minto, who was in England in the summer of 1904, 報告（する）／憶測d that the inclination seemed to be to send a 閣僚 大臣, somebody like Lord Selborne, and that Lord Curzon had told her that no man over fifty should be 任命するd, as the 地位，任命する was the most arduous in the Empire. The letters Minto wrote to his wife during these 簡潔な／要約する absences are perhaps the most 十分な and characteristic of all his correspondence, for from her he had no 保留（地）／予約s, and to her he could 明らかにする／漏らす much which his natural reticence withheld from others.

The extra year of office passed, and in August 1904 （機の）カム the last 明言する／公表する 機能（する）／行事, the prorogation of 議会, when the retiring 知事-General received an 演説（する）／住所 of thanks from both Houses, Lady Minto taking her place on the 演壇 beside him, and the speeches of Sir Wilfrid Laurier and Sir Robert Borden 構成するd such a 尊敬の印 as no man could listen to unmoved. Minto had before this been 個人として 知らせるd that his 後継者 would be his brother-in-法律, Lord Grey. He paid a 別れの（言葉，会） visit to Quebec--"Our last night at the Citadel; very sad; everything 十分な of old recollections"--and then started with his wife and eldest daughter for a final trip to the North-West and British Columbia. The 小旅行する was saddened by a horrible 鉄道 事故 近づく Sintaluta, in which five lives were lost and the 知事-General's party had a 狭くする escape. The 定期刊行物, まっただ中に its 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）s of 演説（する）／住所s and 歓迎会s, 落ちるs often into a mood of wistful 悔いる, for Minto was too 深く，強烈に in love with the country to leave it easily. When he 記録，記録的な／記録するs "Struck our （軍の）野営地，陣営 for the last time--my last （軍の）野営地，陣営 in all human probability"--it is the reflection of a man who, in the 広大な／多数の／重要な spaces of the prairie and amongst the 開拓するs of a new land, had 設立する a life after his own heart.

On Friday, 18th November, the party sailed in the Tunisian from Quebec, after a trying time of 贈呈s and 別れの（言葉，会）s. There had been far more in the leavetaking than a formal 儀式, for there was affection on both 味方するs, and if Minto was loth to go, Canada was loth to lose him. Says the 定期刊行物:--

"At sea. So our life in Canada is over at last, and it has been a 広大な／多数の／重要な wrench parting from so many friends and leaving a country which I love and which has been very 十分な of 利益／興味 to me. We have had nothing but 'good-byes' for weeks. . . . We left 政府 House, Ottawa, for the last time in brilliant 日光, and drove to the Armoury, where I received a 別れの（言葉，会） 演説（する）／住所, Mary afterwards 存在 現在のd with a beautiful diamond maple leaf by Belcourt on に代わって of the city. Her speech in 表明するing her thanks was perfect. The 駅／配置する was （人が）群がるd with our friends; the inside of the car was decorated with flowers, and the 禁止（する）d played 'Auld Lang Syne' as we moved off. We arrived at Quebec and drove to the Frontenac as guests of the city. The last evening we gave a 祝宴, and our guests …を伴ってd us to the wharf through an avenue of lighted たいまつs, and まっただ中に 元気づける and waving of handkerchiefs we put off at 10 p.m., the old Citadel 炎ing away her nineteen guns.

"So ends our career in Canada. Innumerable 演説（する）／住所s and speeches, but it has been a very affectionate 別れの（言葉，会）, and one cannot but feel very pleased at what has been said on every 味方する. I cannot 令状 a memoir now, but the six years have been far from ordinary ones, very 十分な of history, 皇室の and Canadian, with much that is fraught with meaning for the 未来. And now the 仕事 is over, and I am 感謝する for the 評価 of the country I have worked for; and through it all Mary has been more than splendid."

Minto arrived at Liverpool and 設立する a host of friends to 迎える／歓迎する him. Mr. Alfred Lyttelton had 後継するd Mr. Chamberlain at the 植民地の Office, and his 公式の／役人 派遣（する） was cordial in its 尊敬の印:--

"The six years during which you have 代表するd the 君主 in Canada have been 示すd by events of 広大な／多数の／重要な importance to the Dominion and the Empire 捕まらないで, 含むing a war in which the 軍の 軍隊s of the 部隊d Kingdom and Canada 行為／法令／行動するd together in an 皇室の 原因（となる）. These years have also been 示すd by a splendid 開発 in the 繁栄 and greatness of Canada, and His Majesty's 政府 has been glad to 認める that during this period the highest office in the Dominion has been held by one upon whose discretion, ability, and 勇敢な sense of 義務 they could confidently rely on all occasions. . . . I also 公式文書，認める with 楽しみ the 評価 of the admirable 質s and services of the Countess of Minto, shown by the Canadian 議会 and people."

It had been a happy time, and Minto brought away from it that 遺産／遺物 of delectable memories which is the reward of the traveller. Lady Minto, in a paper in the 国家の Review in March 1905, tried to tell something of the wonders of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Dominion. "With vivid distinctness scenes too 非常に／多数の to recount come 支援する to me. I see again the 泡，激怒することing waters of the St. John River racing in wild career through 騒然とした 早いs for 45 miles to the Saguenay, my frail canoe 投げ上げる／ボディチェックするing like a leaf on the mighty stream, gliding 速く past the 背信の whirlpools and the sharp 激しく揺するs, 安全な in the skilful 手渡すs of the half-産む／飼育するs. And now I am galloping once more on the boundless prairie, over that fragrant carpet woven of wild spring flowers, elated by the pure 空気／公表する and transparent atmosphere, exulting in the freedom of my life. And now the silence of the night has fallen, and in the awe-奮起させるing forests or in the 甘い stillness of the prairie the （軍の）野営地，陣営 sleeps, watched over by a myriad 星／主役にするs." Minto, no いっそう少なく than his wife, was intoxicated by the beauty of Canada's 深い winters and riotous summers and 炎上ing autumns. To a 国境 Scot the land 供給するd on a magnificent 規模 the モミ 支持を得ようと努めるd, the （疑いを）晴らす waters, and the wide spaces of his own countryside. With all classes of the people he felt an 即座の kinship, and he could appraise the 質 alike of an Indian 長，指導者 and a Montreal lawyer, a Scots 植民／開拓者 in Manitoba and a Quebec habitant. He 株d in their hopes, rejoiced in their 勝利s, and 嘆く／悼むd with them in their 悲しみs. When the skating 悲劇 took place at Ottawa in December 1901, of which Mr. Mackenzie King has written in his Secret of Heroism, it was the 知事-General who was out at 夜明け next day helping to 回復する the 団体／死体s. The humanity learned hi the democratic 国境s, and ripened by years of racing and 兵士ing, enabled him to 会合，会う men of every 階級 and 産む／飼育する with friendliness and understanding.

Minto gave much to Canada, but he received much in return. He was enabled to look within the 機械装置 of the 憲法の 明言する／公表する. His party politics, never 心にいだくd with much 有罪の判決, were mellowed and 自由化するd by an insight into the eternal difficulties of all parties and their curious alikeness in 根底となるs. He acquired 視野, and learned to separate the 偶発の from the 必須の. His 帝国主義, which had been a dream, became a 推論する／理由d 約束. More and more he （機の）カム to value the moral 質s in statesmanship above the 知識人; for, since 僕主主義 の中で men of British 血 is 事実上 the same whatever party 治める／統治するs, excellence is 設立する rather in character than in creed. His flair for the true 憲法の path, an 相続物件 from his Whig forbears, developed into a sure instinct, which was often in 前進する of that of 大臣s both in Canada and at home. Earlier in his life he had disliked the game of politics, now he （機の）カム to see the gravity of it, and he 発揮するd himself to 確実にする that it was played wisely and honestly. There was much in the Canadian parties that he disliked, but he saw that 改革（する） could not come 単に by reprobation, and he did his best to 始める，決める before the 青年 with which he （機の）カム in 接触する a high, if undogmatic and unpharisaic, ideal of public service. To Mr. Mackenzie King, then a young man on the threshold of his career, Minto wrote:--

"Though I thanked you for your speech a few days ago, I have always meant to 令状 and tell you how glad I am to have a copy of it. If you will 許す me to say so, the speech was a most eloquent one, and not only that, but it gave 表現 to opinions which, in my estimation, it is impossible to over-value. To me it seems all-important that the young men who are coming on, and who will make the history of Canada, should speak out 明確に and decidedly in their 主張 on the manliness and 潔白 of public life. Nothing, in my opinion, can be more unfortunate to a country than that its people should be ready to 受託する as a 事柄 of course a low 基準 of public and political morality.

"I know how difficult it is from the nature of things for people to speak out as they would often like to do. At the same time I いつかs think that public opinion in Canada is too apathetic, and not 傾向がある enough to be outspoken on public 事件／事情／状勢s. Many of the best brains in the country are no 疑問 engaged in 商売／仕事 and professions and are not 利用できる for political careers--but even they can make their 発言する／表明するs heard; and I 投機・賭ける to think that more of them might be inclined to enter the political 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）s than do at 現在の. Anyhow I am 完全に with you in the all-importance of the pure public spirit of rising Canada."

Minto's main 仕事 had been the 調和させるing of 軍隊s which might 井戸／弁護士席 have 衝突／不一致d--the 国家主義 of Canada and the new self-conscious 帝国主義 of Britain. 大部分は 借りがあるing to his patience and tact any 影をつくる／尾行する of 衝突 was 避けるd. In the 事柄 which he had most at heart, 皇室の defence, his prescient 警告s were indeed neglected, but Canada was enabled to 前進する に向かって her 国家の 運命 unhampered by a too 海峡 皇室の 社債, while at the same time the more potent and delicate 関係 with the mother-country were 顕著に 強化するd. In his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office he had to 取引，協定 特に with two distinguished 人物／姿／数字s who had a real formative 影響 on his mind. Of the two Mr. Chamberlain's 影響（力） was perhaps the lesser. Minto 尊敬（する）・点d him 極端に, and 株d most of his 見解（をとる）s; to him the 植民地の Office without Mr. Chamberlain was like the War Office without Lord Wolseley; but in temperament the two had little in ありふれた except courage. Their 関係 was one of 相互の 忠義 and 尊敬（する）・点, but scarcely of intimacy. With Sir Wilfrid Laurier, on the other 手渡す, Minto frequently 同意しないd, and was often exasperated. He believed that 過度の temporizing for the sake of party まとまり was bad 策略 even for that 目的, and he had little patience with the type of mind which seemed to be content to 治める／統治する adroitly from day to day without any 政策 worthy of the 指名する. But it is impossible to read his letters and 定期刊行物s without realizing that there was growing up in him a feeling that after all Sir Wilfrid might be 権利--that in a new land, with so many 相いれない elements inside her 国境s, the slow game might be the wise game, that the time was not 熟した for a clenched and riveted 決まり文句／製法 of Empire, and that the true 解答 must be left to the 過程s of time. At any 率, lover of decided 活動／戦闘 as he was, in his public 行為／行う the Whig element in Minto 支配するd the Liddesdale impetuosity, and it would appear that history has vindicated both him and his 総理大臣. Of the affection between the two men there was no question. Sir Wilfrid's graciousness and charm won the heart of one who was always a lover of gentleness. Once Lady Minto, speaking of him to Mr. Chamberlain, said that, whatever his foibles, he was a 広大な／多数の／重要な gentleman. "I would rather," ran the reply, "do 商売／仕事 with a cad who knows his own mind." Minto would not have assented. Under no circumstances did he believe in the cad.

BOOK 3

CHAPTER 9

VICEROY OF INDIA, 1905-6

AFTER his six strenuous Canadian years Minto hoped for a 残り／休憩（する） at home, and longed 特に for that 国境 country life which lay always nearest to his heart. But a retiring 知事-General is not readily permitted to 沈む into the 緩和する of a 私的な 国民; he became the quarry of a thousand organizations in 追求（する），探索（する） of a 大統領，／社長 or an apologist; and even when he escaped to Minto he 設立する leisure hard to come by. He was busy with 改良s on his 広い地所, 含むing the 取り付け・設備 of electric light and the building of a new wing, and these, with a little 追跡（する）ing and a number of visits, filled his time in the winter and spring of 1904-5. In May he went to Rome, at the request of the Board of 農業, as one of the British 委任する／代表s to the International 農業の 議会, and after a 簡潔な／要約する stay returned in July to politics and dinners in London, 含むing a 祝宴 to his old 教える, Dr. Warre, on his 退職 from the headmastership of Eton. By the 12th of August he was 支援する at Minto, filling his days, like Sir Walter Scott, with the 監督するing of his 改良s. The place was in the 手渡すs of workmen, and he and his wife were 任命する／導入するd in the factor's little house at Cleughhead.

吸収するd in 国内の 計画（する）s, and already half drawn into the machine of British 事件／事情／状勢s, Minto had almost forgotten the 可能性 of the Indian viceroyalty which had been 討議するd a year ago before he left Canada. There seemed to be many 候補者s, and it had been his fashion to wait in these 事柄s upon the 手渡す of Providence. Therefore it was with a real surprise that, on the morning of 18th August, as he was walking 負かす／撃墜する to Minto before breakfast, he opened a letter from Mr. St. John Brodrick, which told him that Lord Curzon had 辞職するd and that he was 指名するd as his 後継者. In the garden afterwards, when the hot August sun was beginning to 運動 the もや from the hills, he told his wife. "The greatest 任命 I have ever hoped for," he wrote in his 定期刊行物, "and still what a pang to leave the dear old place again--and all the difficulties about the children. Mary took it so 井戸／弁護士席. I know she feels the same as I do, and it is a 承認 of all her good work やめる as much as of anything I have ever done. But it is a very high 裁判，公判."

The 任命 was to be curiously informal in every 詳細（に述べる）. Minto never heard a word 直接／まっすぐに from the 総理大臣. The Prince and Princess of むちの跡s were on the eve of 出発／死ing for India, and it was arranged that Lord Curzon should 会合，会う them at Bombay, and that he should receive the 後継の Viceroy in the same place instead of in Calcutta--a 出発 from precedent fraught with 可能性s of contretemps. Minto paid a visit to the King at Balmoral, and then 始める，決める himself to the exhausting 商売／仕事 of 別れの（言葉，会）s. He 設立する it hard to 涙／ほころび himself from his home, which he had just 回復するd and beautified, for the （一定の）期間 of the 国境 grows the stronger for absence, and many of the old folk about the place he could not 推定する／予想する in the course of nature to see again. He had the 規則 会談 with Mr. Balfour, and with Mr. Brodrick, the 長官 of 明言する／公表する for India, but as the 保守的な 行政 was tottering to its 落ちる these were 自然に of a slighter character than usual. It was tacitly 認めるd that in a month or two he would be the servant of a very different 政府. He took counsel of the Nestor of 皇室の 行政, Lord Cromer, "the only one の中で all the public men I know who has impressed me as a really big man." There were the usual dinners--one, 特に, composed 完全に of old Eton, Cambridge, Army, and 追跡（する）ing friends, when Minto very modestly 始める，決める out his hopes. "I am 後継するing," he said, "a brilliant 支配者 who, in perfecting the 機械／機構 of 明言する／公表する, has given 証拠 of abilities and talents which no 後継者 can hope to emulate. And yet my racing days have taught me that many a race has been won by giving the horse a 残り／休憩（する） in his gallops." On 2nd November the Mintos left London, almost on the same day as seven years before they had sailed from Liverpool for Canada, and on the afternoon of 17th November arrived at Bombay.

II

When in 1806 the first Earl of Minto went to India as 知事-General, it was in succession--save for the 簡潔な／要約する interludes of Cornwallis and Sir George Barlow--to the 広大な／多数の／重要な 時代 of 拡大 under the Marquis Wellesley which had made the British 政府 最高位の throughout the 半島. His 仕事 was to 強固にする／合併する／制圧する what had been won, to join the raw 辛勝する／優位s which are left by change, and to make of the new order of things a harmonious and 有機の polity. The 義務 which fell to his 子孫 a century later was not dissimilar. The history of India does not 許す itself to be 要約するd in a paragraph, but it is necessary to ちらりと見ること 簡潔に at the １０年間 which に先行するd Minto's arrival.

The age of the 征服する／打ち勝つing Viceroys ended with Dalhousie, and with him, too, began the succession of 支配者s who have given their minds to the 開発 of the wealth of the land and the 繁栄 of the Indian people, for even the 広大な／多数の／重要な 改革（する）ing 政権 of Lord William Bentinck had been 充てるd rather to the 排除／予選 of old 乱用s than to 肯定的な 前進するs in what the modern world calls civilization. The 反乱（を起こす） obscured for a moment the work of the greatest 人物／姿／数字 の中で the Viceroys, who 完全にするd the 仕事 of Wellesley and continued the 政策 of Bentinck, but the 創立／基礎s remained, and the India of to-day is in the main Dalhousie's 創造. The 地位，任命する-反乱（を起こす） 知事s, after the 移動 in 1858 of all India to the British 栄冠を与える, had the same types of problem to 直面する, which they dealt with after their individual fashions. They had the 永久の question of frontier defence--the belt of wild tribes in the mountains of the North-West, the uncertain 力／強力にする of Afghanistan, and the 可能性のある menace of Russia from beyond the trans-Himalayan 砂漠s. They had the difficult 商売／仕事 of 財政／金融, 複雑にするd by the 落ちるing rupee, and an intricate group of 経済的な problems, dating from Dalhousie's 再建. They had the more 純粋に 行政の questions, the efficiency of the civil service, the degree to which decentralization was possible, the nature and strength of the 武装した 軍隊s of the 栄冠を与える, both British and native, and their relations to the civil 政府. And behind all, they had the problem of the Indian people, their education, the 影響 upon them of Western ideas, the question of how far and to what end they should be trained in political 責任／義務. Different Viceroys concentrated on different 面s of their 仕事; Lytton was preoccupied with the frontier, Northbrook with 財政／金融, Ripon with the 使用／適用 to India of Gladstonian Liberalism, Dufferin with 行政の 改革（する）s; and to the idiosyncrasies of each must be 追加するd the idiosyncrasies of the さまざまな British 政府s which they served. But behind all the transitory viceregal race there was the 連続 of the greatest civil service since the days of the Roman Empire, a 団体／死体 of 高度に-trained and 充てるd men, working with a 広大な 蓄積するd 団体／死体 of knowledge to 援助（する） them and in the spirit of a high and unselfish tradition. India was 事実上 a 官僚主義 of the most efficient type, for the machine was stronger than any Viceroy, 広大な／多数の／重要な as were the Viceroy's 力／強力にするs, and far stronger than even the most vigilant 国務長官. For, since the passing away of the East India Company, Britain had infinitely いっそう少なく knowledge of her Indian dependency. In the old days at each 再開 of the company's 借り切る／憲章 there had been a more or いっそう少なく 徹底的な inquisition into the 明言する／公表する of Indian 事件／事情／状勢s, but now the home country was content to 信用 to the India Office and the Viceroy, and an Indian discussion in the House of ありふれたs became a byword for apathy and dullness. The mood of the Indian people could only be guessed at even by the 井戸／弁護士席-知らせるd at home, and its aspirations became little more than rhetorical 憶測s in party 審議.

In 1899 Lord Curzon, then scarcely forty years of age, 後継するd Lord Elgin. He had imagination and enthusiasm, 完全にする self-信用／信任, a high courage, and an 産業 and a 速度(を上げる） which left his 同僚s panting behind him. This is not the place to 大きくする on that remarkable 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office. To each of the standing problems of Indian 支配する he brought his own 重大な 出資／貢献. He continued the 政策 begun by Lord Elgin on the North-West frontier, withdrew British 守備隊s from the 部族の zone, putting 部族の 徴収するs in their place, and created a new North-West frontier 州. By 包括的な 計画／陰謀s of irrigation, by 改革（する）s in the collection of land 歳入, and by the 会・原則 of co-operative credit societies, he 労働d to put 農業 on a securer basis. He 精密検査するd the whole 行政の machine, 改革（する）d the police, lopped off dead 支持を得ようと努めるd from the civil service, and checked that 中毒 to paperasserie which is the foible of even the best 官僚主義. 奮起させるd with the romance of India's history, he showed a reverent 関心 for her 広大な／多数の／重要な public 記念のs. He was aware of the growth of the selfgovernment movement, which, from the small beginnings of the first Indian 国家の 議会 of 1885, had now become a 力／強力にする, and, believing that the ills 原因（となる）d by a smattering of Western education could only be cured by a better and fuller knowledge, he strove to broaden the whole 教育の system, and in spite of much 対立 carried his Universities 行為／法令／行動する of 1904. To a casual 観察者／傍聴者 the みごたえのある and 議論の的になる character of some of his 改革（する）s was apt to obscure the enormous 集まり of sound and painstaking work, the 有益な 影響 of which was beyond question.

But the wisest changes, if they are many and sudden, will produce a revulsion. On the long 見解（をとる）, it may 公正に／かなり be said that Lord Curzon had 供給するd for India a diet which, though wholesome in 質, was too large in 量 for a normal digestion. No Viceroy had ever sought more 真面目に the 福利事業 of the Indian people, but there comes a time in the 開発 of a race when they are いっそう少なく 感謝する for wise 判決，裁定 than for 許可 to 失敗 on their own account. He had underrated the 不満 which a サイクロン of 改革（する） from above would produce not only の中で the cruder vested 利益／興味s of the Indian 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 and Indian journalism, but の中で even honest and public-spirited 国民s. The event which 原因（となる）d his 辞職 was, indeed, a comparatively trivial 事柄 as far as Indian 政策 was 関心d, 存在 no more than a difference of opinion with Lord Kitchener as to the method by which 軍の 提案s should be 現在のd to the Viceroy's (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議--Lord Kitchener 需要・要求するing a 選び出す／独身 department 統括するd over by the 指揮官-in-長，指導者 as an ordinary member of 会議, and Lord Curzon 反対するing that the civil 力／強力にする would その為に be 奪うd of 独立した・無所属 軍の advice, and all 軍の 当局 would be concentrated in the 手渡すs of the 指揮官-in-長，指導者. It may be fantastic to argue, as some have done, that Lord Kitchener's victory was 責任がある the 決裂／故障 of the Indian army system ten years later in Mesopotamia, but it is doubtful whether much was 伸び（る）d by the change either in 行政の efficiency or economy. Lord Curzon was tired and out of health, and a difference which might easily have been settled was 許すd to become a 衝突／不一致 of adamantine 原則s. More serious was the other step which the Viceroy took in his last year of office. The 大統領／総裁などの地位 of Bengal was 証明するing unwieldy for a 選び出す／独身 地方の 政府, and Lord Curzon decided to separate the flat wet plains and ジャングルs of the eastern section and 連合させる them with the 州 of Assam. This gave the Mohammedans a 大多数 in the new 州, and その為に inflamed the Hindus of Bengal, who saw in it a menace to their 宗教的な preponderance, and to the importance of Calcutta. The cry arose that the Bengali nation had been 侮辱d and 分裂（する） in twain, and, the sensational 勝利 of Japan over Russia having kindled the race-consciousness of the East, in the autumn of 1905 a very pretty （選挙などの）運動をする began of ボイコット（する） and agitation.

The first Minto had followed on the stirring times of Wellesley, and had rightly hoped for a period of peace and 内部の 開発, which he did not 得る. His 広大な／多数の／重要な-grandson entered upon office with the same hopes, and was to be doomed to the same 失望. In India it is 危険な at the best to 予測（する） the 未来. "No 慎重な man," said Dalhousie, as he left with the 調印（する） of death on him, "would 投機・賭ける to 予報する a long continuance of peace in India. . . . Insurrection may arise like an exhalation from the earth;" and his 後継者, Canning, speaking at a 別れの（言葉，会） 祝宴 in England, 宣言するd in prophetic words: "I wish for a 平和的な time of office. But I cannot forget that in the sky of India, serene as it is, a small cloud may arise, no larger than a man's 手渡す, but which, growing larger and larger, may at last 脅す to burst and 圧倒する us with 廃虚." Already the cloud was larger than a man's 手渡す. There were the smouldering embers in Bengal, 速く 存在 fanned into 炎上; there was a general unsettlement of men's minds 借りがあるing to a plethora of sudden changes, the vigour of which had not perhaps been 軟化するd by tactfulness in method. Peace and 静かな might be what India needed, but it was far from 確かな that they were what she would choose. From the beginning of his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office it was （疑いを）晴らす that the land stood at the parting of the ways, and that it lay with the new Viceroy to make 決定／判定勝ち（する）s as momentous as any taken by his 前任者s.

In Canada Minto had learned the 義務 of a self-effacing 知事, quick to understand the nuances of constitutionalism, and 演習ing his 力／強力にする by suggestion and counsel. His new position was very different, for he was in a land remote from the forms and spirit of Western 僕主主義, （権力などを）行使するing through his 会議 an (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 当局 far greater than that of an ordinary 君主. His 商売／仕事 was to 治める／統治する 同様に as to 統治する. His position was not only the most responsible in the overseas British Empire, but by far the most onerous, and its laboriousness had been 増加するd by Lord Curzon's passion for 製図／抽選 into his 手渡すs the minutest 詳細（に述べる）s. In 新規加入 to the normal 決まりきった仕事 which filled most of the hours of a working day, he must 演習 a personal 影響（力）, for in the East the personal factor is omnipotent, 旅行ing throughout the length of the land, to 会合，会う and learn from every class and 条件. He must be 患者 and tactful and 都市の, for in 最近の years many 神経s had been frayed and tempers ruffled. He must not become so immersed in 詳細（に述べる） as to 行方不明になる seeing the 支持を得ようと努めるd for the trees, for his first 義務 was the long 見解（をとる）. As Minto 反映するd upon his 重荷（を負わせる） it must have occurred to him that at last his ambition had been gratified, and that he had 設立する a form of 兵士ing. The position of a Viceroy is like that of a general; he has to 予測（する） the （選挙などの）運動をする, to take in the last 訴える手段／行楽地 広大な／多数の／重要な 決定／判定勝ち（する）s alone, to foster the moral of his army, which is the three hundred millions of India, and to check ruthlessly in the ありふれた 利益／興味 any impulse to anarchy. The words which his 広大な／多数の／重要な-grandfather used a century earlier must have often recurred to his memory, as a 思い出の品 of the solemnity of his 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金: "I entreat them to be 説得するd that no man of honour at the 長，率いる of a 政府 will ever 妥協 with 反乱; he has no 選択 but to 持続する the contest or abandon his 信用 and 飛行機で行く from his 義務." And he may 井戸／弁護士席 have 反映するd that the giving 影響 to this maxim might be for a far-sighted and 自由主義の mind one of the most difficult of human 仕事s.

III

The arrival at Bombay was an embarrassing 事件／事情／状勢, with Lord Curzon waiting on the eve of 出発 and the 公式の／役人s of the Bombay 政府 unable to 対処する with a 状況／情勢 which had no precedent. Minto landed late in the afternoon, too late, it was 裁判官d, for a public 歓迎会. He had a long talk that evening with Lord Curzon, who left 早期に next morning, when the deferred public 歓迎会 of the new Viceroy at last took place. Minto was 行為／行うd to the （国際的組織の）事務局, where the 令状 of 任命 was read, and he took his seat as Viceroy, but the whole 儀式 was something of a muddle. The 支配する may be 解任するd with the 乾燥した，日照りの 公式文書，認める which is to be 設立する in the 公式の／役人 報告（する）／憶測 on his 行政: "These 訴訟／進行s were not 完全に in 一致 with precedent, and Lord Minto has decided that they shall not be taken as a guide for the 未来."

On 22nd November the Mintos arrived in Calcutta, where their 歓迎会 made 修正するs for the informalities of Bombay. The first impression of a Viceroy must be of a 儀式の 明言する／公表する almost too 激しい to be 耐えるd, of a cloth-of-gold ritual which 強化するs all the movements of life. A 世帯 of seven hundred native servants, whose 仕事s are infinitely and rigidly differentiated, leaves upon the newcomer a sense of living alone in the heart of 広大な 孤独s, from which it is possible to get only a distant prospect of the normal world. The Viceroy has 即座の 義務s to turn his mind from this 重大な magnificence, but his wife must grapple with it and domesticate it. Lady Minto's first feeling was one of an 巨大な loneliness. "Letters are brought in from A.D.C.'s 説 that they を待つ my 命令（する）s-at 現在の I have 非，不，無 to give them. 明らかに in 未来 I shall have to send for any one I may wish to see, as no one intrudes upon the sacred presence uninvited. I am bound to say a 深い 不景気 has taken 所有／入手 of my soul!" Nothing 元気づけるd them both so much as to come across traces of the family traditions which linked the 静かな home by Teviot with this gorgeous East. The portrait of the first Earl hung conspicuously in the 会議 議会 of 政府 House. Almost the first deputations which Minto received were from the four Maharajas of Patiala, Jind, Nabha, and Behawalpur, 明言する／公表するs which the first Lord Minto had 保護するd against the encroachments of Ranjit Singh, who was 捜し出すing to 延長する his 領土 across the Sutlej. It was pleasant to find that India had a long memory.

Christmas was a season of 機能（する）／行事s--the 公式訪問 of the Tashi Lama of Tibet, a young man in a yellow bishop's mitre, with a tom-tom-（警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域ing 護衛する on shaggy ponies, and the Tongsa Penlop of Bhutan, a famous 人物／姿／数字 in the Lhasa 探検隊／遠征隊. On 29th December the 王室の party arrived in Calcutta, and till their 出発 on January 9, 1906, the Prince and Princess of むちの跡s and their hosts led （人が）群がるd lives. At first there had been a 脅し that the native 全住民 would ボイコット（する） the visit, but Minto took the bold step of sending for Mr. Gokhale, the leader of the Indian 進歩／革新的なs, and talking to him with so much 影響 that all danger from that source was 除去するd. It was a visit in which the 未来 君主s of Britain won golden opinions from every class, European and native alike, for their graciousness and friendly 簡単, and it was of the first importance, too, in the 開発 of Indian 政策. The Prince, in his speech at the Guildhall on his return, 宣言するd as the moral he had read from his 小旅行する the need of a closer and wider sympathy between 政府 and 治める／統治するd in India, and it fell to Minto to 供給する means for the 現実化 of this ideal.

By the 早期に months of 1906 the new Viceroy was in the toils of the laborious 決まりきった仕事 of his office, and 試みる／企てるing in his scanty leisure to bring into 焦点（を合わせる） the multitude of new problems which each day 現在のd. His indefatigable 前任者 had drawn all the 詳細（に述べる）s of 行政 to himself, and this centralization, 有益な as were many of its results, 伴う／関わるd the emasculation of the 地元の 政府s, and a dead-負わせる of 詳細（に述べる） for the Viceroy. The Members of 会議 had been stripped of all real 責任／義務, and from coadjutors had become clerks. In 陸軍大佐 Dunlop Smith, Minto had a most 有能な 私的な 長官 who 労働d to spare him, but the system of bringing the most trivial of 事柄s to the Viceroy for 決定／判定勝ち（する）, of using, in Burke's phrase, the "extreme 薬／医学 of the 憲法 as its daily bread," could not be altered in a day. "Every morning about eight," Lady Minto 令状s, "ひどく laden servants stagger upstairs with innumerable papers. These colossal とじ込み／提出するs, with their 独特の labels and 抱擁する red tickets with '緊急の' printed in 積極的な letters, are built in a zareba on the 床に打ち倒す 一連の会議、交渉／完成する his 令状ing （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する and almost hide him from 見解（をとる）." It was not 平易な to wade through morasses of the inessential--to 許可／制裁 the spending of a thousand rupees on building a bathroom for a remote 公式の／役人 or decide whether a man should have leave to visit his dentist--and at the same time to keep the mind （疑いを）晴らす and fresh for the consideration of the greater 事柄s of 政策. From that folie de doute which 妨げるs a man from 委任する／代表ing work and makes him nervous about the most microscopic 詳細（に述べる） to which he has not given personal attention, Minto was conspicuously 解放する／自由な. He thought of 政府 as an 演習 in co-操作／手術 and not as an anxious 独裁政治, and he 刻々と 辞退するd to be buried under a drift of とじ込み／提出するs. From the first he strove to 回復する the 責任／義務 and 率先 of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議, and he 主張するd on making leisure for himself to 熟考する／考慮する and meditate upon the larger questions of Indian 支配する. He was not sent to India to be an under-長官 but a Viceroy.

IV

Before the の近くに of 1905 Mr. Balfour's 政府 had fallen, and the 選挙 of January 1906 brought the 自由主義のs into 力／強力にする with a 大多数 almost too big to be comfortable. The new 政府 entered upon office with a large programme of 改革（する）, and, since they had 敗北・負かすd decisively the 帝国主義の 政策 of Mr. Chamberlain, it was assumed by many that their 即位 would 伴う／関わる some 過激な changes in the 行政 of the Empire. Mr. John Morley, who had his choice of many 地位，任命するs, selected the Secretaryship for India, and, whatever 疑問s may have been in Minto's mind as to 未来 unanimity, he welcomed the 任命 to the India Office of a man so able, so 一般に esteemed, and so powerful in the 会議s of his party, as a proof that India would not be relegated to the position of a forgotten 味方する-show in British 政策. He had met Mr. Morley in Canada and had 大いに liked him, and the first letter from the new 国務長官 解任するd the 会合. "The conversation we had when you so kindly 避難所d me at Ottawa last year 納得させるs me that we speak the same political language, even though we may not always say 正確に the same things." Their relations thus began on a 公式文書，認める of friendship, a friendship which through たびたび（訪れる） differences of opinion was never impaired. The many 私的な letters which passed during this period between Whitehall and Calcutta form a 団体／死体 of correspondence as fascinating in its 発覚 of temperament and mind, and as 政治上 informative, as any in the 古記録s of the British Empire. Lord Morley has happily given to the world many of his letters, and it is our 特権 in these pages to 補足（する） them by 確かな quotations from Minto's 味方する. He has also published in his Recollections* a 尊敬の印 to his 特派員, based upon five years of intimate colleagueship:--

"Lord Minto, the new Viceroy, had all the manly traditions and honourable 協会s that gather 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the best of 青年 at Eton and Trinity. In 在庫／株 he was descended from patrician Whigs, and he had his 株 of the intuitive political perception that belonged to that sect since its rise at the 革命の 解決／入植地. His temperament was theirs. He had seen active service under Roberts in India; he had fought on the 味方する of the Turks against Russia: nor, in truth, did friendly feeling for the Ottoman ever leave him. As 知事-General of Canada he had acquired insight into the working 専門的事項s of public 行政 in a 解放する／自由な 議会の system. Such habits of mind he joined to the spirit of the 兵士. The Indian Viceroy is not bound to know political philosophy or juristic theory or 憲法の history; he is first and 真っ先の an 行政官／管理者, and the working 長，率いる of a 複雑にするd civil and 軍の service. Nature had endowed Lord Minto with an ample 供給（する） of constancy and goodhumour. His 忠義, courage, friendliness, straightforwardness, and 圧力（をかける）ing sense of public 義務 were all splendid; so was his rooted contempt for those in whom he 設立する such excellences languid. A Viceroy needs to be a 裁判官 of men, whether with dark 肌s or white, and Lord Minto mixed tact and good cornmon sense and the milk of human 親切 in the 権利 割合 for discovering with what sort of man he had to 取引，協定. He liked people, though he did not always believe them, and he began by a disposition to get on with people 同様に as they would let him. If he 設立する on 裁判，公判 what he thought good 推論する／理由 for 不信ing a man, he did not change. His 見通し was not subtle, but, what is far better, it was remarkably shrewd. A 明らかにする 目録 of 質s, however, is not all; such 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）s never are, nor can be. It is the 要約 of them, the man himself, that 事柄s. His ancestor, an idolater of Burke, and Indian Viceroy a hundred years before, once dropped the ingenuous but 深遠な 発言／述べる, 'How curious it is to see how 正確に／まさに people follow their own characters all through life.' Our Lord Minto was a first-率 事例／患者. You were always sure where you would find him; there was no 恐れる of selfishness or pettiness 製図／抽選 him for a 選び出す／独身 passing moment from the straight path; his 基準 of political 負わせるs and 対策 was simple--it was true to the 権利 facts, and it was 確固たる.

"In 早期に days at the India Office it was refreshing to hear from him how 感謝する he was for my 提案 that he should 容赦 three hundred students who had been injudiciously 解任するd from their school. 'For,' said he, 'I do believe that in this country one can do any 量 of good, and 蓄積する a very growing 影響（力）, if one only gives 証拠 of some feelings of sympathy.' This was the result of a sure instinct. It went with a strong and active 良心, not a weak one; with a manful sense both of public 責任／義務 and of practical 割合. The sympathy of which he spoke was much more than humane 感情; it was a 重要な to sound politics, and I very soon made no 疑問 that, though he did not belong to my own 政党 on the Thames at Westminster, we should find all that was 手配中の，お尋ね者 of ありふれた ground on the banks of the ギャング（団）s. Good 相互の understanding between 国務長官 and Viceroy makes all the difference, and between us two it never failed. We were most happily alike, if I may use again some old words of my own, in aversion to all quackery and cant, whether it be the quackery of hurried 暴力／激しさ dissembling as love of order or the cant of unsound and misapplied 感情, 離婚d from knowledge and untouched by 冷静な／正味の comprehension of realities."

* Vol II, pages 121-123. In a 贈呈 copy to Lady Minto the author has written the に引き続いて 尊敬の印:--

"To Lady Minto, with warm 尊敬（する）・点, in 感謝する memory of an able, straightforward, 確固たる, unselfish, and most considerate comrade in 仕事s of arduous public 義務. MORLEY OF B. April 25, 1919."

Every item in this wise and generous 尊敬の印 was, we may be 保証するd, 深く，強烈に felt by the writer, and every phrase is true. Minto had not the literary 技術 of his 同僚, and he has left us no such 演習 in the art of Theophrastus; his 見積（る） of Mr. Morley is to be gathered only from fragments of his letters and conversations. But it is （疑いを）晴らす that from the very 手始め he had arrived at an 正確な judgment of the 国務長官. A warm regard soon ripened into affection; he admired the brilliance and 多様制 of his talents, and was 感謝する for the treasures of 知恵, drawn from a rich memory of the world's thought and literature, with which he brightened his correspondence. This, he felt, was a compliment of which any man might 井戸／弁護士席 be proud. But he had to 会合，会う Mr. Morley not as a 私的な friend, but as a 国務長官, and as a 国務長官 he had his drawbacks. His （疑いを）晴らす-削減（する） personality, 解放する／自由な from ragged 辛勝する／優位s and indeterminate colours, was not the one best ふさわしい to the 仕事 of 行政. His life had been that of the scholar and the teacher, and even in 議会 his 力／強力にする lay rather in 審議 than in the arts of leadership. He was not, like Sir Wilfrid Laurier, a 技術d party tactician, but an exponent of 原則s, and an inspirer, rather than a framer, of 政策s. His 知識人 忠誠 was 借りがあるd to a school of thought which tended always に向かって rigidity in theory, and rigidity in theory is apt, if the thinker becomes a 政治家, to develop into absolutism in practice. He had had no training in 事件／事情／状勢s such as 落ちるs to the lot of the humblest country gentleman, and had never had his corners rubbed off by mingling with the ruck of humanity. The scholar, 特に a scholar of Mr. Morley's type, transferred to the seat of 力／強力にする, is always apt to order things with a high 手渡す, because he has little knowledge of the daily 妥協s by means of which the 商売／仕事 of the world is 行為／行うd.

The innocent vanity of the scholar, too, may easily acquire that touch of arrogance which brings it 近づく to folie des grandeurs, and is indeed the almost 必然的な concomitant of a quick imagination. Mr. Morley was attracted to the India Office by his susceptibility to historic 明言する／公表する; he loved to sit in a large room and 問題／発行する 法令s to high 公式の／役人s; it delighted him to feel that he had the 支配（する）／統制する of the fortunes of some hundreds of millions of human souls; there was even satisfaction in the thought that 軍隊／機動隊s might move at his 命令（する） in just and beneficent wars. It is a curious trait to 記録，記録的な／記録する in a 信奉者 of Comte, but he had no general 人道的な sympathies. Indeed, he had a strong distaste for all coloured races, and little imaginative insight into their moods and 見解（をとる）s. "The real truth," he told Lady Minto in a delightful letter, "is that I am an Occidental, not an Oriental; don't betray this 致命的な secret or I shall be 廃虚d! I think I like Mohammedans, but I cannot go much その上の than that in an easterly direction." He had a prejudice against 官僚主義, but had himself the temperament of the austerest bureaucrat; he professed a distaste for 軍国主義, but he had an 半端物 liking for 兵士s, and his affection was 公約するd in history to 人物／姿／数字s like Cromwell and Strafford. He called it a "wicked thought," but it was a self-明らかにする／漏らすing suggestion of his that "Strafford was an ideal type, both for 知事 of Ireland in the seventeenth century and 知事 of India in the twentieth century." Indeed, if an irreverence may be permitted which its 支配する would assuredly have forgiven, there was about Mr. Morley at the India Office the 空気／公表する of a colleger who is 認める in his last year at school to the companionship of the captains of the boats and the cricket eleven, and who is intoxicated with his new society and inclined to forget the scholar in the sportsman. He was like Dr. Johnson in his capacity as Mr. Thrale's executor, striding about the brewery with a 広大な／多数の／重要な inkhorn and rejoicing in the playing of a novel part.* There are many passages which 表明する his distaste for the doctrinaire, but no man so ready as he was to put his philosophy of life into maxims and aphorisms could escape a touch of doctrinairedom. His school of thought had taught him high-飛行機で行くing doctrines of 議会の 最高位, and there was a 危険 that he might incline to 見解（をとる）s about the 政府 of India which were not the いっそう少なく despotic because the 先制政治 was 議会の. His 支配する was in danger of becoming 独裁的な and inelastic; he would certainly 無視／無効 his own 会議, he would probably 支払う／賃金 small 尊敬（する）・点 to the Viceroy's 会議, and he might end by ignoring the Viceroy himself.

* Once, when lunching at 10 負かす／撃墜するing Street after he had become Lord 大統領 of the 会議, he was asked by his old friend, Mr. Thomas Hardy, what 調書をとる／予約するs he had been reading lately, and replied loftily, "I never read anything"--seeming, said Mr. Hardy gently in telling the tale, "to draw an invisible ermine about him, as though he were a 冒険的な peer who never read anything but the Pink 'Un."-年４回の Review, January 1924.

Minto shrewdly 査定する／（税金などを）課すd the temperament of the 国務長官 and 始める，決める himself to 中和する／阻止する its dangers. His 目的（とする） was by 患者 argument and adroit suggestion to get Mr. Morley to believe that the 政策 of the 政府 of India was 始めるd by Whitehall; it 事柄d little who got the credit so long as the work was done. He 避けるd scrupulously any 衝突 except on the gravest 問題／発行するs; in lesser 事柄s he was only too willing to humour his 同僚. Having no vanity himself, he was not 感情を害する／違反するd by an innocent manifestation of it in another, 特に when he had for that other a sincere 尊敬（する）・点 and affection. He 認めるd, too, that the 運命／宿命s had been 肉親，親類d in giving him, in a new 政府 of 予測できない 傾向s, just such a 国務長官. To Mr. Morley he could look with certainty for support in all 自由主義の and 同情的な 政策s, and, should it become necessary to take strong 対策 of repression, if he could 納得させる Mr. Morley, he could count with 信用／信任 on the support of the 閣僚. A 政治家 of such an impeccable democratic 記録，記録的な／記録する would soon silence the ill-知らせるd critics of his own 味方する, for he had about him an aura of earnest morality which would enable him to steal a horse with safety when another man dare not look over the hedge.

The first of Minto's 仕事s was to settle the quarrel on 軍の 行政 which had led to the break between Lord Curzon and Lord Kitchener. With the latter he had only a slight previous 知識, and looked 今後 with some trepidation to their first 公式の／役人 会合. To his delight he 設立する a man whom he could work with in perfect 信用／信任 and 緩和する, a fellow-兵士 who spoke the same tongue as himself, a friend whose humour and 忠義 made him an admirable 同僚. The new 協定, which had been 許可／制裁d in 原則 by Mr. Brodrick in the previous year, was worked out in 詳細（に述べる）, and, with some modifications, received the assent of His Majesty's 政府, and （機の）カム into 軍隊 as from March 19, 1906. The 軍の Department of the 政府 of India, which had 存在するd for over one hundred and twenty years, was 廃止するd; the 行政の 支配（する）／統制する of the Army of India was 分配するd between two new departments--the Army Department and the Department of 軍の 供給（する）; the former was placed under the Commanderin-長，指導者, who was now 直接／まっすぐに responsible to the 知事-General in 会議 for the 行政 of the Indian 軍隊s. The 計画／陰謀 was 受託するd as a reasonable 解決／入植地 both in Britain and India; the 閣僚 contented itself with altering 確かな small 準備／条項s which the 政府 of India 故意に 挿入するd that they might be altered. Mr. Morley told Minto that he did not consider the 解答 特に brilliant, but that everything depended "upon the C.-in-C. 存在 held by you 厳密に within the 限界s we are 割り当てるing to him;" the Viceroy, thankful to be やめる of the 商売／仕事, told the 国務長官 that "it was refreshing to see ideas 伝えるd in a 肉親，親類d of English unknown to 公式の／役人 language here." So in an atmosphere of 相互の compliments an acrimonious 論争 was laid to 残り／休憩（する）.

に引き続いて の近くに upon it, （機の）カム Mr. Morley's first suggestion of the new 政策 of the Foreign Office に向かって Russia, whose position in the world had been materially altered by her 敗北・負かす at the 手渡すs of Japan. "Supposing," Mr. Morley wrote to the Viceroy, "you were coming to some sort of understanding with Russia--a hypothesis which may be many hundred miles off 現実化--and suppose even that we held the upper 手渡す in the 交渉, what would be the 条件 that you would exact from Russia as 必須の to a 取引? I mean what, from 軍の, 戦略の, and political points of 見解（をとる）, are the things that she is to 請け負う to do or not to do?" Minto took time to consider the question in 協議 with Lord Kitchener, and the 見解（をとる） of the two was 始める，決める 前へ／外へ in a letter of 2nd May. Kitchener's 条件s were that Russia should 公然と 認める that Afghanistan was outside her sphere of 影響（力） and that its 外部の relations must be 行為／行うd through Britain; that she should make no 戦略の 拡張 of her 現在の 鉄道 system に向かって the Indian frontier; that she should 認める the preponderating 利益／興味s of Britain in Seistan and southern Persia, and that she should scrupulously 尊敬（する）・点 the 正直さ of 中国 in Kashgar and どこかよそで, and 差し控える from all 干渉，妨害 in Tibet. On 25th May Mr. Morley sent to India a 草案 of Sir Edward Grey's 指示／教授／教育s to Sir Arthur Nicolson in Petrograd on the 条約 so far as it 関係のある to Afghanistan, Persia, and Tibet, and Minto replied on 12th June, 非難するing 堅固に the 準備／条項s as to Afghanistan. He was 用意が出来ている for the most generous 譲歩s to Russia in Persia, but he was nervous about the Indian North-West frontier. He 疑問d the 知恵 of permitting communications between ロシアの and Afghan 公式の／役人s even on 純粋に 地元の 事柄s; he questioned the advisability of a Russo-Afghan frontier （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, and he took the gravest exception to the 提案するd 協定 of Britain not to 延長する her 鉄道s in the direction of the Afghan 国境 during a period of ten years. He believed that 鉄道s were the true frontier defence of India, a necessary consequence of the frontier 軍の 政策.

"We must be masters in our own house. We surely cannot agree to sacrifice the 安全 and 内部の 改良 of a 部分 of our dominions for the sake of our relations with a foreign 力／強力にする. . . We should have to stand still for ten years, to give up hopes of closer relations with our tribes, and, for the sake of our own safety, to go on fighting them as we have done for 世代s. . . . I cannot but feel 堅固に …に反対するd to any 協定 with Russia in 尊敬（する）・点 to 鉄道s. I should be inclined to let her do what she wants. She has 事実上 in 尊敬（する）・点 to her propinquity to the Afghan frontier got all she wants now, or can get it at very short notice. I 真面目に hope it may be realized how such an 協定 would tie our 手渡すs. . . . I cannot but think that まず第一に／本来 the Amir is a more dangerous 隣人 to us than Russia, and therefore in 尊敬（する）・点 to India a more necessary friend. . . . To me it seems infinitely more important to keep on friendly and controlling 条件 with him than to enter into any 取引 with Russia which might 少なくなる our 影響（力） with him, or 疎遠にする him from us. I believe him to be 極度の慎重さを要する, 怪しげな, and over-確信して in his own strength, but in my opinion it is vitally important to keep on good 条件 with him. . . . If we are to enter upon an entente with Russia, let us 取引 with her どこかよそで than in Central Asia. . . . I have only given you my own 見解（をとる）s in answer to your letter, but I certainly think that, for 推論する／理由s 影響する／感情ing the 内部の 行政 of India 独立して of 皇室の 外交政策, the 政府 of India should be fully 協議するd before any 協定 is entered into with Russia."

This letter 具体的に表現するs Minto's main articles of frontier defence--that, having 受託するd the 疑わしい 計画（する） of 持つ／拘留するing the marches with 部族の 徴収するs, a road and 鉄道 政策 was necessary to bring these tribes more closely under our 影響（力）, and to 供給する the strategical means for 早い 軍の 集中; and that the Amir's friendship was the 創立／基礎 of frontier peace. In a 事柄 so vitally 影響する／感情ing the 内部の 利益／興味s of India it seems a modest request that the 政府 of India should be 協議するd. In replying on 6th July to a letter of which he 賞賛するd the "広大な／多数の／重要な clearness, ability, and 軍隊," Mr. Morley 配達するd a lecture on the 原則s and practice of statesmanship, a vigorous homily which is 価値（がある） 引用するing as an example of the aptitude of the 国務長官 for discovering suddenly in the most prosaic 関係 that 根底となるs were 危うくするd:--

"You argue . . . as if the 政策 of entente with Russia were an open question. That is just what it is not. His Majesty's 政府, with almost 全世界の／万国共通の support in public opinion, have decided to make such 試みる／企てる as ロシアの circumstances may 許す to arrange an entente. The grounds for this I have often referred to when 令状ing to you. Be they good or bad, be we 権利 or wrong, that is our 政策. . . .

"You say, 'If we are to enter on an entente with Russia, let us 取引 with her どこかよそで than in Central Asia.' But then this was not the question laid before you. The question was, in 見解（をとる） of the 政策 解決するd upon deliberately by us, what you thought of the line on which in 尊敬（する）・点 of Afghanistan we ーするつもりであるd to 追求する our 政策. An entente with Russia that should leave out Central Asia would be a sorry トロフィー of our 外交 indeed. Anyhow, H.M.'s 政府 has 決定するd on this course, and it is for their スパイ／執行官s and officers all over the world to 受託する it. If there is one の中で them to whom it would be more idle to repeat the a b c of the 憲法 than to another you are that man.

"I am, however, a little 脅すd when you say at the end of your letter that 'the 政府 of India should be fully 協議するd before the 協定 示唆するd is entered into with Russia.' If you mean the 政府 of India in a technical sense--as the G.-G. in C.--I must with all 尊敬（する）・点 demur. For one thing the G.-G. is his own 外務大臣, and the Foreign department is under his own 即座の superintendence. Second, with sincere regard for the capacity of your 会議, I fail to see what particular 出資／貢献 they could make to questions of public 政策. . . . Third, have you considered how in practice this '十分な 協議' could be worked? 外交, as you will agree, is やむを得ず delicate, 柔軟な, elastic. Is Nicolson in his 会談 with Isvolsky to pull himself up by thinking how this or that 提案 would be taken not only at Whitehall, but also at Simla? You know better than anybody how the pretensions of Canada (I don't use pretensions in any bad sense) fetter and shackle 交渉s with the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs. The plain truth is--and you won't mind my 説 it 率直に because you will agree--that this country cannot have two 外交政策s. The 政府 of India in Curzon's day, and in days before Curzon, tried to have its own 外交政策. I seem to see the same spectre lurking behind the phrase about'十分な 協議.'"

In these 宣告，判決s there is 明白に much 疑わしい doctrine, and what is sound is a little beside the point. Minto contented himself with replying that no one could be more …に反対するd than himself to any 試みる／企てる of the 政府 of India to have a 政策 apart from the 政策 of Britain. "But opinions are a different thing, and it is やめる possible and often probable that the opinions of a 子会社 政府 may be different from those of His Majesty's 政府. In that 事例／患者 it seems to me all-important that the 国務長官 should have the 適切な時期 of 審理，公聴会 these opinions and deciding upon their value."

In one 詳細（に述べる） of his frontier 政策 he had the 国務長官's 十分な concurrence--the fostering of friendly relations with the Amir of Afghanistan. Lord Curzon had tried to 説得する Habibullah to visit India to …に出席する the 載冠（式）／即位（式） Durbar at Delhi; but the 招待 had been perhaps too much in the nature of a 命令（する）, and Habibullah took umbrage. Since then Sir Louis Dane's 使節団 had smoothed away the irritation, and 早期に in 1906 Minto heard that the Amir was anxious to make a 楽しみ trip to the 長，指導者 Indian cities. He sent him a cordial 招待 to be his guest, and a ready 受託 followed. "I was 決定するd," Habibullah told his durbar, "never to go to India in the manner 願望（する）d by Lord Curzon. The 態度 可決する・採択するd by Lord Minto, however, is so friendly and 解放する／自由な from 動機s that I cannot かもしれない hesitate to 受託する the 招待 of His Excellency, which is couched in such 条件 of 親切 表明するing a 願望（する） for an interview between friends." It was the first time since the days of Lord Dufferin that the 支配者 of Afghanistan had 同意d to visit India.

The 長，指導者 内部の problem of the first half of 1906 was the agitation against the partition of Bengal, that 悩ますd 相続物件 to which Minto had fallen 相続人. We shall presently see this 火山 in irruption. But in the 早期に months of the year Minto had begun to turn his attention to the 事柄 which the Prince of むちの跡s had made the 基本方針 of his speech on his return, and which he and Mr. Morley had canvassed from the beginning of their colleagueship-the 可能性 of 設立するing a truer sympathy between 支配者s and 支配するd by admitting Indians to some 株 in the 政府 of their country. It would be an idle 仕事 to 決定する whether the first suggestion （機の）カム from the 味方する of the Viceroy or of the 国務長官, for both men were from the start at one on the desirability of the 改革（する）, if it were 事実上 feasible. In Minto's mind the 判決，裁定 動機 was a sense of honour, the wish to fulfil the 約束 held out as long ago as the 行為／法令／行動する of 1833 and the 王室の 布告／宣言 of 1858. Lord Curzon, 労働ing singleheartedly in what he believed to be the 原因（となる） of the Indian people, had shown himself somewhat intolerant of the （人命などを）奪う，主張するs of the new educated public which Britain had created. On the ground of efficiency he had 宣言するd, with perhaps needless sharpness, that the higher 階級s of civil 雇用 must be reserved for Englishmen, "for the 推論する／理由 that they 所有する, partly by 遺伝, partly by しつけ, and partly by education, the knowledge of the 原則s of 政府, the habits of mind, and the vigour of character which are 必須の for the 仕事." He had 宣言するd, too, that the West had a higher 基準 of truthfulness than the East, "where craftiness and 外交の wile have always been held in much repute." These dicta, whatever their justification, were 深く，強烈に 負傷させるing to Indian self-esteem, and they seemed to 延期する the 現実化 of Britain's solemn 誓約（する） till the Greek Kalends. Minto, with his lively sense of public honour, could not be comfortable in this blank 拒絶.

Moreover, as a practical man, he did not see the ありふれた sense of the 態度. He had to the 十分な Lord Curzon's 賞賛 for the 質s of his own countrymen, but his very pride in these 質s made him incline to the belief that they could 持続する good 政府 even when the problem was 複雑にするd by admitting Indians to a 株 in it. It was the 誇る of the British in India that they had been willing to 直面する the facts of a new world and alter their 行政 accordingly; one of the greatest of them, 過密な住居 Hastings, had foreseen that the true 仕事 of his race was not in conquest but in what （機の）カム after, when he said, "To 得る empire is ありふれた; to 治める／統治する it 井戸／弁護士席 has been rare indeed." To Minto it seemed that to 治める／統治する with the assent of the 治める／統治するd was いっそう少なく a moral than a physical necessity; the opposite was not so much wrong as impossible. As he looked around him he saw two 現在のs of 不安--one the 必然的な 願望（する） of men whom we had educated on Western lines to 株 in the 政府, the other the dark stream of anarchy and 革命, which had its springs as much in Europe as in India. If both were 苦しむd to 洪水 there might be cataclysmic 災害; but the two were different in 肉親，親類d, and if the second was to be 抑制するd, there was the more need for canalizing and 規制するing the first; さもなければ the 現在のs might join in a 悲劇の inundation. He was incapable of taking a melodramatic 見解（をとる）, and reading anarchy into what was natural and reasonable. There was a type of 不安 which might 公正に／かなり be called "loyal." In his own words, he saw that "beneath a seemingly 静める surface there 存在するd a 集まり of smothered political discontent, much of which was 完全に 正当と認められる and 予定 to 原因（となる）s which we were bound to 診察する." He 願望（する）d to check the 革命の by 妨げるing his 同盟 with the 穏健な 改革者. The words which Mr. Gokhale used in the 予算 審議 in March 1906 seemed to him the 明らかにする truth. "The question of the 調停 of the educated classes . . . raises 問題／発行するs which will 税金 all the 資源s of British statesmanship. There is but one way in which this 調停 can be 安全な・保証するd, and that is by associating these classes more and more with the 政府 of their own country. This is the 政策 to which England stands committed by solemn 誓約（する）s given in the past. . . . What the country needs at the moment above everything else is a 政府 国家の in spirit, even though it may be foreign in 職員／兵員."

The first step was taken by the Viceroy. In March 1906, before leaving Calcutta, he raised boldly in 私的な with 確かな members of his (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 the question of the desirability of 任命するing an Indian to its 会員の地位, since to him the path of (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 共同 between the races seemed the simplest and most 希望に満ちた. He 設立する the 大多数 of his 助言者s 堅固に against the 提案, and he did not 報告（する）／憶測 the discussion to the 国務長官, since he ーするつもりであるd to open the whole question later. On 16th May, in 関係 with the position of Mr. Gokhale, he wrote to Mr. Morley deprecating the 輸入 of British 会・原則s into India en 圏, and Mr. Morley replied, agreeing, but arguing that British 会・原則s were one thing and the spirit of British 会・原則s another--"a thing we cannot escape, even if we wished, which I hope we don't. . . . I have no sort of ambition for us to take a part in any grand 革命 during my time of 責任／義務, whether it be long or short. Just the very opposite. You need have no 逮捕 whatever of a 私的な 電報電信 reaching you from me some 罰金 morning requesting you at once to 召喚する an Indian Duma. On the other 手渡す, I don't want to walk blindfold in the ways of 官僚主義." A week or two earlier Mr. Morley had 引用するd a たびたび（訪れる） 説 of Lord Cromer, which he had heard from Mr. Brodrick, to the 影響 that it had always been his habit in Egypt to 雇う a native whenever it was at all possible, even though a European might be more efficient. "That," said Lord Cromer, "is where the 政府 of India go wrong, and have always gone wrong; they find the native いっそう少なく competent, or not competent at all, and then they 雇う an Englishman instead. You lose more by the 影響 on popular content than you 伸び（る） by having your work better done."

This was very much Minto's own way of looking at things, and in his letter of 28th May he 強調するd this 見解（をとる） and 解放するd his soul on the foolish exclusiveness of British society in India, instancing the 事例／患者 of Sir Pertab Singh:--

"I will tell you a story of Sir Pertab. Not long ago a young British officer of whom he was very fond died of コレラ in his house. He was to be buried the same afternoon, and had just been put in his 棺 in a room in which were Sir Pertab and an English officer, who, seeing that there would be some difficulty in carrying the 棺 負かす／撃墜する to the gun-carriage at the door, asked Sir Pertab to send for a '掃海艇.' '掃海艇!' said Sir Pertab, 'what do you want a 掃海艇 for? I shall carry the boy 負かす／撃墜する myself.' The English officer, knowing that this meant that he would lose his caste, implored him not to do so, but he 主張するd, carried the 棺 on his shoulder to the door, walked by the gun-carriage, and again carried the 棺 from it to the 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な. Next morning a deputation of Brahmins （機の）カム to Sir Pertab's house and told him that a terrible thing had happened the day before. 'Yes!' he answered, 'a young officer died here.' 'More terrible than that,' they said. 'You, a Rahtor Rajput, have lost your caste.' He ゆらめくd up like a 発射. 'Look here, you pigs! There is one caste higher than all other castes throughout the world, and that is the caste of a 兵士! That is my caste!' Turning to one of his staff he 怒って asked for his 追跡（する）ing whip, the Brahmins fled, and he remains as 広大な／多数の／重要な as ever. And that is the man that we can't 許す inside an English club at Calcutta!"

On 15th June, in a letter of Mr. Morley's occurred a passage of the first importance:--

"I wonder whether we could not now make a good start in the way of 改革（する） in the popular direction. If we don't, is it not 確かな that the 需要・要求するs will 広げる and 延長する into '国家の' 推論する／理由s, which I at least look upon with a very doubtful and 怪しげな 注目する，もくろむ. Why should you not now consider as practical and 即座の things--the 拡張 of the native element in your 法律を制定する 会議; ditto in 地元の 会議s; 十分な time for discussing 予算 in your L.C., instead of four or five skimpy hours; 権利 of moving 改正s? (Of course, 公式の／役人s would remain a 大多数.) If I read your letters 正確に you have no disposition どれでも to look on such changes in a 敵意を持った spirit; やめる the contrary. Why not, then, be getting ready to 発表する 改革（する）s of this sort? Either you 令状 me a 派遣（する）, or I 令状 you one--by way of 開始 the ball. It need be no long or high-flown 事件／事情／状勢. I suppose the notion of a native in your (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 would not do at all. Is that 確かな ? I daresay it is--and it would 脅す that nervous personage (自然に nervous), the Anglo-Indian."

These suggestions were the "ありふれた form" of Indian liberalism, and Mr. Morley had 可決する・採択するd them partly from Minto's letters, partly from 会談 with Mr. Gokhale, and partly from Indian sympathizers at home. Minto replied on 5th July, agreeing heartily with the 国務長官, and について言及するing that the 可能性 of a native on his (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 had been simmering for months in his mind. On 11th July he wrote at greater length:--

"I need not tell you how heartily I am in （許可，名誉などを）与える with all you say as to the necessity of 取引，協定ing with our Indian political 未来. Moreover, it appears to me that our 適切な時期 has come. . . . I would for the 現在の put aside the-question of the 会議 of Princes and the 可能性 of a native Member of 会議. . . . What I think we have distinctly before us is the prolongation of the 予算 審議, the 激励 of greater discussion at that 審議 not only on questions of 財政／金融, but on other 事柄s of public moment, and also a larger 代表 on the 法律を制定する 会議 of the Viceroy. . . . I believe, as a 事柄 of sound 改良, we should do very 権利 in 開始するing our 改革（する）s from the 底（に届く） of the tree. The 議会 leaders would begin at the 最高の，を越す. They want ready-made 力／強力にする for themselves. We must remember that our own people at home have been educated for centuries in the idea of 憲法の 政府, and have only 前進するd by slow steps to the popular 代表 of to-day. Here everything is different. From time immemorial it has been a 支配する of 独裁者s, and we must be very careful not to thrust modern political 機械／機構 upon a people who are 一般に 全く unprepared for it. . . . What I should 投機・賭ける to 提案する to you is that you should let me know what you think of my 天然のまま suggestions, that we should put our ideas as far as possible into 形態／調整 by 私的な correspondence, and that I should then place the position before my 会議 for discussion, with the 意向 of our sending you our 提案s in the 形態／調整 of an 公式の／役人 派遣（する）. I attach 広大な／多数の／重要な importance to the 公式の／役人 率先 存在 taken by the 政府 of India. It is better in every 尊敬（する）・点, both for the 現在の and for the 未来, that the 政府 of India should appear to 認める all that is in the 空気／公表する here, and the necessity of 会合 new 条件s, and that they should not run the 危険 of 存在 assumed to have at last taken tardy 活動／戦闘 out of 尊敬（する）・点 to 指示／教授／教育s from home."

VI

At the の近くに of March the Mintos left Calcutta for a 小旅行する in the North-West, visiting Delhi on the way, where the Viceroy 明かすd a statue of John Nicholson. It was his first breathing-space, and he exulted in the keen 空気／公表する of the frontier hills, and the revisiting of places where he had （選挙などの）運動をするd twenty-seven years before. At Mardan they saw the 記念の to Cavagnari, and Lady Minto remembered with a shudder how 辛うじて her husband had escaped Cavagnari's 運命／宿命.

"I saw the headmen at Dargai," Minto wrote to Mr. Morley on 18th April, "who 現在のd me with an 演説（する）／住所 in 詩（を作る） in Pushtu, the main point of which was a 願望（する） for 改善するd 鉄道 communication. On the other 味方する of the pass I again met all the 主要な men--a strong, manly, cheerful people, eminently respectable-looking in their long white dresses, who were fighting hard against us in 1895-97 and 1898. I am afraid my 国境 血 conduced to a 確かな 量 of sympathy between us. I talked to all the leaders の中で them, and somehow could not help feeling that we liked each other, and they 現在のd me with two of their 基準s, which, I believe, is an honour never paid to any one before, as no 基準 has ever been parted with unless it was lost in war. It is a peculiar society, perpetual bloodfeuds and little wars の中で themselves. Younghusband, 命令（する）ing the Guides, Sir Francis's brother, told me the other day that only a few months ago he was coming 支援する from playing polo in the Swat valley の近くに to a village through which I passed, when to his astonishment he realized that a 激しい musketry 解雇する／砲火／射撃 was going on, and he 棒 up to a line of 軍人s who were 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing away merrily, and asked what on earth they were doing. They said they were only fighting about a piece of land, and that, though there 'were yet but five 死体s, by God's grace there would soon be more.' Our frontier officers, like Roos-Keppel in the Khyber, and Deane, love these people. There is a curious feeling of fun and devilry in it all which is fascinating."

The last week of April 設立する the 副／悪徳行為-regal 世帯 settled in Simla, the place which Minto had 設立する 嫌悪すべき on his first visit, but which he was soon to 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる. It was a change of 住居, but no change of life, for the inexorable とじ込み／提出するs flowed in ceaselessly, and the Viceroy was fortunate if he snatched an hour's ride in the day. In June they had an alarming 地震, and in July the community was saddened by the 悲劇の news of Lady Curzon's death. Lady Minto was hard at work at her organization of the Indian Nursing 協会, and 準備するing for the 抱擁する Fancy 祝日，祝う in Calcutta which was to 供給する it with endowments. In this 計画／陰謀 she had Mr. Morley's warm support. "Do you know," he wrote, "that I have often wondered whether I would not rather be in Lord Shaftesbury's place on the Day of Judgment than in the place of all the glittering statesmen. I mean that I would rather have done something pretty 確かな -nothing is やめる 確かな --to mitigate 悲惨s such as your Nursing 計画／陰謀 目的（とする）s at, than have done all the grand things about which high speeches are made and 広大な／多数の／重要な articles written in the newspapers." There were 探検隊／遠征隊s in which the hard-worked Viceroy いつかs managed to join, and the marvellous ritual of the 世帯 never 中止するd to 奮起させる awe. After a very wet ride they arrive at Fagu in the hills, and Lady Minto's 定期刊行物 公式文書，認めるs: "The scarlet servants with immovable 直面するs stood 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する as usual, looking as if they had never left 政府 House. Francis Grenfell told me he 推定する／予想するd a picnic 昼食, but I 知らせるd him that the Viceroy must have his silver plate, his 星／主役にする of India 磁器, and every variety of ワイン, even if he happens to be on the highest pinnacle of the Himalaya mountains, and somehow they always appear as if by 魔法!"

Simla was scarcely いっそう少なく (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述する than Calcutta. "We counted the other day, when Rolly and I were 絶対 alone, nineteen servants waiting about in the passages, and thirty-two men who compose the 禁止（する）d playing in the hall below--fifty-one in all." It was a gay and intimate world, 十分な of polo and tennis, gymkhanas, amateur theatricals, and endless dances, in which the three daughters, soon to be respectfully known throughout India as the "Destroying Angels," played a 著名な part. But it was a world in which perforce the Viceroy could have little 株. The 国務長官 was courteous and kindly, but he was exacting, and cables 需要・要求するing （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） arrived at all hours. Mr. Morley 賞賛するd the "冷静な／正味の, equitable, and 侵入するing reflection" which Minto was giving to his problems, and wrote to Lady Minto:

"We have had 広範囲にわたって different training and experience, but I do believe that, in the way we approach public 商売／仕事, Lord Minto and I are just the same. It is 必然的な that in 詳細（に述べる） and carrying things out we should いつかs 変化させる, and 論争s cannot be 避けるd in all these コンビナート／複合体 and difficult 事件／事情／状勢s. But, at any 率, after our six months' experience, I am 確信して that neither on his 味方する nor 地雷 will a difficulty ever be made worse by any element of huffy personality." It was a fortunate 明言する／公表する of things, for the problems themselves were of a magnitude to 需要・要求する the 分割されない attention of both.

In July the difficulties in Eastern Bengal （機の）カム to a 長，率いる. The 必然的な troubles connected with partition were not soothed by the personality of the first 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 of the new 州. Sir Bampfylde Fuller was a man of ability and energy, and 選び出す／独身-hearted in his devotion to 義務. But he had not the 質s of tact and judgment necessary for the delicate 状況／情勢 in which he was placed; he was impetuous and hot-長，率いるd, apt to use the strong 手渡す, and not inclined to be too deferent to the 見解（をとる）s of his 公式の／役人 superiors, who had to 想像する the problems of all India. Already in the first six months of his 任期 of office he had made many 失敗s, and 大いに 増加するd the Viceroy's 重荷（を負わせる）. Mr. Morley was eager that he should be 除去するd; Minto shrank, not unnaturally, from a step which would be certainly misconstrued by the critics of the 政府; but he was 納得させるd that Sir Bampfylde's 行政 was a serious danger, since he 欠如（する）d the 質s of patience and discretion which could alone in time abate the partition ferment. Perpetual pin-pricks, on the contrary, kept the irritation alive. "What ails Fuller Sahib," Sir Pertab Singh once asked, "that he wants to blow 飛行機で行くs from 大砲?" Then in July an 出来事/事件 happened which was not やめる unwelcome to either Viceroy or 国務長官. Before the partition （機の）カム into 軍隊 the 政府 of Bengal had 禁じるd the 参加 of students in the ボイコット（する） movement, and 警告するd the 長，率いるs of schools and colleges that, if this 禁止 were 無視（する）d, 明言する／公表する 援助（する）-would be 孤立した, and Calcutta University would be asked to disaffiliate such 会・原則s. In February 1906 the 政府 of Eastern Bengal asked that Calcutta University should 身を引く 承認 from two schools which had ignored the 禁止. Now, at that moment such 活動／戦闘 would have been dangerous, for Lord Curzon's University 行為／法令／行動する was not yet in 十分な working order, Calcutta University was in 過程 of 再組織, and if the disaffiliation request had been 圧力（をかける）d forthwith it might have been 辞退するd, with the most ぎこちない consequences. Accordingly, the Home department of the 政府 of India 示唆するd 半分-公式に to the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 the advisability of 身を引くing the request on the ground that "the political 反対s to 圧力（をかける）ing the 使用／適用 to the 企業連合（する） outweigh whatever 教育の advantages might be supposed to attach to a 撤退 of 承認 from the schools." To this Sir Bampfylde replied with an autograph letter to the Viceroy, in which he 発表するd that he was unable to acquiesce in this 見解（をとる）, and that if it were 固執するd in he must tender his 辞職.

To his amazement Minto, after 協議するing the 国務長官, 受託するd the 辞職.* "I feel," he wrote, "that, as you had 表明するd your 乗り気 to 辞職する, it would not be 権利 to ask you to 請け負う 訴訟／進行s of which you did not 認可する." The 出来事/事件 produced a 深遠な sensation, and there was much foolish talk of "throwing officers to the wolves." But there can be no 疑問 that Minto was 権利. Sir Bampfylde Fuller had not 証明するd a success, and that he should have been unable to perceive the cogent 推論する／理由s of the 政府 of India for 辞退するing his request was 十分な proof that he had not the 資格s needed for a most difficult 地位，任命する. In 実体 his 政策 was sound, and a year later, when the 上院 of Calcutta University had been 再構成するd, it was put into 影響 by the Viceroy. But in the summer of 1906 it was premature, for it is a truism of statesmanship that what is wise at one moment may be foolish at another. As for the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of disloyalty to a subordinate, it was more 訂正する to say that the subordinate had been disloyal to his superior. To reply with a 脅し of 辞職 to a letter pointing out difficulties and 示唆するing a reconsideration of a 需要・要求する was to fail in the first 義務 of a public servant. No 政府 could 生き残る for long if, when an 公式の／役人 異なるd from it and 申し込む／申し出d to 辞職する, it felt bound to capitulate to the ピストル held at its 長，率いる.

* Footnote: Mr. Morley wrote to the Viceroy, November 2, 1906: " . . . The Fuller papers will be laid before 議会 in a day or two. One 事柄 in 関係 with them lies rather 激しい on my 良心, and it is this. There is not a word to show that the 受託 of Fuller's 辞職 had my entire concurrence; and I have a feeling that you may think it rather shabby in me, who clamoured every week for his 除去, to remain in the innocence of a lamb before 議会. The Office were obdurate against the 生産／産物 of my 電報電信 on the ground that the 知事-General is technically and constitutionally the 単独の 当局 over 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事s, and on the その上の ground that both 知事-General and 国務長官 should communicate with one another in 絶対の freedom, and this freedom would be much impaired if either felt that his letter or 電報電信 might be 工場／植物d in a blue 調書をとる／予約する. I will try to get it known in 議会 that I 温かく concurred in your 受託 of the 辞職. I only hope that you will believe I am not thinking of saving my own 肌, which, after all this time, has become dreadfully indurated."

The sensation was short-lived. Sir Bampfylde Fuller behaved at first with discretion, but when in June 1908 he published in the Times his letter 長，率いるd "J'告発する／非難する" he 納得させるd reasonable men that, whatever his talents, he was unfitted for the more delicate 仕事s of 行政. Mr. Morley's account of his interview with him in the に引き続いて October is the best comment on a painful but 避けられない 事件／事情／状勢:--

"I had a talk with him yesterday which lasted two solid hours and a half. I did not grudge the time, though it was a pretty stiff dose. . . . His 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の vivacity attracted me; so did his evident candour and good 約束; he soon became 解放する／自由な and colloquial in his speech, playing with cards on the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, in which 策略 I followed him, both of us 存在 perfectly frank and 完全に good-natured. He is certainly a shrewdish, eager, impulsive, 洪水ing sort of man, やめる 井戸／弁護士席 fitted for 政府 work of ordinary 範囲, but I 恐れる no more fitted to manage the 明言する／公表する of things in E. Bengal than am I to 運動 an engine. . . . '井戸／弁護士席,' said I, 'you have a 権利 to 現在の your 事例／患者 in your own way, My reply will be a very simple one, and it will be that; "You 辞職するd not because you had been ill-supported by the G. of I., but because you could not have your own way in a particular 事柄 where you took one 見解（をとる） and the G. of I. took another. That is the only question that arises on this 始める，決める of facts. My 会社／堅い 原則 is that if any 公式の／役人 辞職するs because he cannot have his way, I (if it be my 商売／仕事) will 敏速に and definitely 受託する his 辞職, and I cannot see that Lord Minto had any other 代案／選択肢. Your 政策 was not recommended by success. You talk of the 傷害 to prestige 原因（となる）d by the 受託 of your 辞職. You should have thought of that before you 辞職するd. The 責任／義務 is yours. I don't believe it is for the good of prestige to 支援する up every 公式の／役人 whatever he does, 権利 or wrong."' The 影響 of this eloquent burst upon the 動きやすい man was to procure a vehement 表現 of 協定 . . . The whole thing was intensely instructive and 利益／興味ing, but it was also to me, as it certainly would have been to you, very painful. Yet every minute of the interview 納得させるd me more and more that his retention must have brought wider mischief."

In August Minto, after months of careful 調査 and much anxious thought, took the first practical step in his 改革（する）s 政策. He 任命するd a 委員会, consisting of Sir A. T. Arundel, Sir Denzil Ibbetson, Mr. パン職人, and Mr. Erie Richards, with Mr. H. Risley as 長官, to consider the question, and himself wrote a minute for their 指導／手引. He referred to paragraph 7 in the 報告（する）／憶測 of Sir Charles Aitchison's 委員会 as 詳細（に述べる）ing the 利益／興味s which must be 保護するd in any 増加する of 代表; the 利益／興味s, すなわち, of the hereditary nobility and landed classes, of the 貿易（する）ing, professional, and 農業の classes, of the 工場／植物ing and 商業の European community, and of stable and 効果的な 行政. The 支配するs he 提案するd for the 委員会's consideration were: (a) a 会議 of Princes, and, should this be impossible, whether they might be 代表するd in the Viceroy's 法律を制定する 会議; (b) an Indian member of the Viceroy's (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議; (c) 増加するd 代表 on the 法律を制定する 会議 of the Viceroy and of 地元の 政府s; and (d) prolongation of the 予算 審議, and 増加するd 力／強力にする of moving 改正s.

The に引き続いて is an 抽出する from Minto's 公式文書，認める to his 会議 when 任命するing the 委員会:--

"I feel sure my 同僚s will agree with me that Indian 事件／事情／状勢s and the methods of Indian 行政 have never attracted more public attention in India and at home than at the 現在の moment. The 推論する／理由s for their doing so are not far to 捜し出す. The growth of education, which British 支配する has done so much to encourage, is 耐えるing fruit. Important classes of the 全住民 are learning to realize their own position, to 見積（る） for themselves their own 知識人 capacities, and to compare their （人命などを）奪う，主張するs for an equality of 市民権 with those of a 判決，裁定 race, whilst the directing 影響（力）s of political life at home are 同時に in 十分な （許可，名誉などを）与える with the 前進する of political thought in India.

"To what extent the people of India as a whole are as yet 有能な of serving in all 支店s of 行政, to what extent they are 個々に する権利を与えるd to a 株 hi the political 代表 of their country, to what extent it may be possible to weld together the 伝統的な sympathies of many different races and different creeds, and to what extent the 広大な／多数の／重要な hereditary 支配者s of native 明言する／公表するs should 補助装置 to direct 皇室の 政策, are problems which the experience of 未来 years can alone 徐々に solve.

"But we, the 政府 of India, cannot shut our 注目する，もくろむs to 現在の 条件s. The political atmosphere is 十分な of change, questions are before us which we cannot afford to ignore, and which we must 試みる／企てる to answer: and to me it would appear all-important that the 率先 should emanate from us; that the 政府 of India should not be put in the position of appearing to have its 手渡すs 軍隊d by agitation in this country, or by 圧力 from home; that we should be the first to 認める surrounding 条件s, and to place before His Majesty's 政府 the opinions which personal experience and a の近くに touch with the every-day life of India する権利を与える us to 持つ／拘留する."

The 委員会 sat through an entire month, and during its 開会／開廷／会期 Minto's letters to Mr. Morley showed that his 見解（をとる）s were hardening 急速な／放蕩な about the native member of the Viceroy's 会議. He had come to think it a step not only 望ましい but 必須の. The 委員会's 報告（する）／憶測, when 完全にするd, was 循環させるd to the other members of 会議, with a 公式文書，認める from the Viceroy 取引，協定ing 特に with the question of a native member, of which two out of the four 加盟国s to the 報告（する）／憶測 were in favour. Minto 認めるd that he must proceed slowly, and the 対立 which he 推定する／予想するd to be most formidable was that of Kitchener. For the time the 国務長官 was too 活発に engaged in the 議会の struggles of his 政府, in 関係 おもに with education and the 力／強力にするs of the House of Lords, to give his 分割されない attention to India. His 私的な letters were discursive and wholly delightful--憶測s on the dullness of a Viceroy's life によれば Dufferin and Lytton: a description of a tea-party at Wimbledon for the Gaekwar of Baroda, and of a visit to Lord Roberts: an explanation, …を伴ってd by a gift of his Life of Gladstone ("When you are done with it, pray 追加する my 調書をとる／予約する to the kinematographs, brocades, Martinis, and other appropriate 現在のs to Kabul"), of the "frightful school" of 財政上の churlishness in which he had been 後部d: and a 推薦 that, should the House of Lords be 廃止するd, Minto should 後継する him on his return from India as member for the Montrose Burghs. The 国務長官 was in excellent spirits:--

"I am perfectly fascinated by that idea of yours, of you and me taking a walk together on your frontier. But then I have 疑惑s--when I think of the possible 影響 upon your mind of the teaching of your new friends at Kashmir, and their maxims upon the 'political convenience' of 'the 静かな 除去 to another world of a troublesome 同僚.' What a 誘惑 to rid yourself of an importunate 経済学者 once for all! Your description of the enchantments of Kashmir brings the wonder of them 井戸／弁護士席 before me, and makes me half jealous of you in my own 貿易（する） of man of letters."

VII

The Mohammedan 全住民 of India has always been a problem by itself, different in 肉親，親類d from that of the other races. The sixty-two millions of the 信奉者s of Islam had, with a few exceptions, hitherto taken little part in political life, and their leaders had held aloof from the 国家の 議会. Their 忠義 to the British Raj had been beyond 批評, but, 借りがあるing to their 主張 upon a system of education which was essentially 宗教的な, they 設立する themselves outstripped by the Hindus in the 安全な・保証するing of public 地位，任命するs, and were beginning to smart under a sense of inferiority. The partition of Bengal had been to their 利益, but the 運命／宿命 of Sir Bampfylde Fuller, whom they regarded as their special 支持する／優勝者, had roused 苦悩, and there was a danger that their young men might 落ちる a prey to the peripatetic agitator. Minto, like the 国務長官, had a liking for the Mohammedan, and the wiser 長，率いるs in the 団体／死体 decided that the best 予防の to 不安 was to 捜し出す an interview with the Viceroy and 明言する／公表する their grievances. The deputation was received at Simla on 1st October, and the 演説（する）／住所, 耐えるing the 署名s of every class of the Moslem community, was 現在のd by the Aga 旅宿泊所. Never before had so 代表者／国会議員 a 団体／死体 発言する／表明するd Mohammedan 見解（をとる）s, and the 演説（する）／住所 was 顕著に 穏健な and dignified. It pointed out that the position of Moslems "should be 相応した not 単に with their 数値／数字による strength but also with their political importance and the value of the 出資／貢献 which they made to the defence of the Empire." 受託するing, without 広大な／多数の／重要な enthusiasm, the setting up of 代表者／国会議員 会・原則s, it （人命などを）奪う，主張するd that 準備／条項 should be made for the 選挙 of Mohammedans by 純粋に Mohammedan 選挙民s.

Minto replied in a speech which was one of the most sagacious and tactful that he ever made. He realized that no 改革（する）s would work which did not carry with them the assent of this 広大な／多数の／重要な community, and that the moment had come for a （疑いを）晴らす 声明 of his 政策. The に引き続いて passage was 受託するd as a 借り切る／憲章 of Islamic 権利s:--

"The pith of your 演説（する）／住所, as I understand it, is a （人命などを）奪う，主張する that, in any system of 代表, whether it 影響する／感情s a municipality, a 地区 board, or a 法律を制定する 会議, in which it is 提案するd to introduce or to 増加する the 選挙（人）の organization, the Mohammedan community should be 代表するd as a 団体／死体. You point out that in many 事例／患者s 選挙（人）の 団体／死体s as now 構成するd cannot be 推定する／予想するd to return a Mohammedan 候補者, and that, if by chance they did so, it could only be at the sacrifice of such a 候補者's 見解（をとる）s to those of a 大多数 …に反対するd to his own community, whom he would in no way 代表する; and you 正確に，正当に （人命などを）奪う，主張する that your position should be 概算の not 単に on your 数値／数字による strength but in 尊敬（する）・点 to the political importance of your community and the service that it has （判決などを）下すd to the Empire. I am 完全に in （許可，名誉などを）与える with you. Please do not misunderstand me; I make no 試みる／企てる to 示す by what means the communities can be 得るd, but I am as 堅固に 納得させるd as I believe you to be, that any 選挙（人）の 代表 in India would be doomed to mischievous 失敗 which 目的（とする）d at 認めるing a personal enfranchisement 関わりなく the beliefs and traditions of the communities composing the 全住民 of this continent."

There was far more in his speech than the formal 誓約（する）; there was an accent of friendliness and 誠実 which 深く，強烈に impressed his hearers. "Your 演説（する）／住所," Mr. Morley wrote, "was admirable alike in spirit, in its choice of topics, and in the 扱うing," and he 追加するd that its gravity and 安定した dignity were 完全に 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるd at home. After the interview the 委任する／代表s had tea in the garden, and the old 総理大臣 of Patiala said to Lady Minto, "A hundred years ago Lord Minto （機の）カム and saved our 明言する／公表する. We cannot forget the 感謝 we 借りがある to his family. Now God has sent his 子孫 not only to help Patiala but to save India, and our hearts are 十分な of thankfulness." The language of hyperbole was not without 推論する／理由. The speech undoubtedly 妨げるd the 階級s of sedition from 存在 swollen by Moslem 新採用するs, an inestimable advantage in the day of trouble which was 夜明けing.

The Mohammedan deputation having been received, the Viceroy 出発／死d on a 非常に長い 小旅行する. He went first to Quetta, where he held a durbar of Baluchi 長，指導者s and enjoyed a day's 追跡（する）ing over remarkable country, a 網状組織 of 山の尾根s, blind 溝へはまらせる／不時着するs, and old irrigation 作品. Then by way of Rawal Pindi he reached Kashmir, 訴訟／進行 to Srinagar up the Jhelum in a lordly house-boat. "It was amusing," Lady Minto's diary 公式文書，認めるs, "to see the Viceroy trying to take a little 演習 by walking along the bank. He was surrounded by a concourse of people. His dignity 需要・要求するd a 抱擁する 護衛する in 前線, 兵士s bringing up the 後部, policemen to the 権利 and left of him, scouts on ahead, and skirmishers 調査するing the country on either 味方する. Had we been marching through an enemy's country it would have been impossible to take more 激烈な 警戒s." In Kashmir the Mintos were royally entertained, and, later in Poonch, の中で other forms of sport had a day's 耐える-狙撃, when the 捕らえる、獲得する was thirty-one 耐えるs, of which Lady Minto accounted for five. Here is an 抽出する from her Kashmir diary:--

"At Dachigan （軍の）野営地，陣営 two thousand were 融通するd, 含むing the Maharaja's 禁止（する）d of eighty musicians, and the beaters numbered six thousand. We were told to 推定する／予想する 耐える, deer, and barasingh, but the forest was nearly devoid of game. 借りがあるing to the 乱すing noises of this 広大な 輸入するd multitude the wild animals had all migrated over the mountains into Tibet. I was fortunate, however, in 殺人，大当り a large brown 耐える, and the next day Rolly 発射 the only barasingh in the （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域. The return of the party was a curious sight. They alighted from the tongas at the gates, where the 麻薬を吸うs and 派手に宣伝するs を待つd them, playing a suitable Scottish 空気／公表する for the return of the successful sportsmen. Rolly and the Maharaja slowly 前進するd, …を伴ってd by the 禁止（する）d, and followed by a 抱擁する retinue, and に先行するd by an army of men carrying たいまつs. It seems at five o'clock the Maharaja heard there was to be another （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域, and became terribly fussy lest the Viceroy should be out in the dark. Orders were sent to all the 隣人ing villages that men carrying たいまつs must line the road, and with some of the 苦力s sent from the （軍の）野営地，陣営 this was 遂行するd. The Maharaja drove to the foot of the mountain himself to see that all was faithfully carried out, and sure enough, as if by 魔法, for eight solid miles a 厚い avenue of 苦力s held 炎上ing たいまつs to illumine the Viceroy on his way. . . .

"It was amusing to see old Dandy's 出発 from （軍の）野営地，陣営, lying at his 緩和する on the soft mattress of a 特に-made 木造の bedstead, which was carried by four 苦力s with four 救済 men, and one man in a red uniform, fully 武装した, and 持つ／拘留するing a sword at the salute, walking beside him to 確実にする that he should not 落ちる out. The 苦力s speak respectfully of the Viceroy's dog as 'Dandy Sahib,' who 受託するs their homage and seems やめる aware of his own importance."

The next visit was paid to Bikanir, where they had some marvellous sport with the sand-grouse. In the 簡潔な／要約する space of this Memoir it is impossible to do 司法（官） to the splendid 歓待 延長するd to the Viceroy and his family by the Princes of India. For many of them Minto felt the warmest regard, they looked to him 絶えず for counsel, and in the native 明言する／公表するs perhaps his happiest hours of recreation were spent.

On 26th November his younger son, Esmond, arrived from England, and …を伴ってd him for the 残り／休憩（する） of the 小旅行する. At Nabha the old Raja went up to the little boy, who could hardly be seen under an enormous sun hat, and bent low so as to look in his 直面する. Then he said in Punjabi, "Your father is 肉親，親類d to the Phulkian misl (連合), because God, the Immortal, has 原因（となる）d the noble spirit of his ancestor, who saved their forefathers, to pass into him. You must never forget this, and must be 肉親，親類d to my grandchildren as your father is to me. My sword is yours." He put out his sword for Esmond to touch. Then （機の）カム Patiala, and then Delhi, where Minto dined with the 18th Sikhs, and was 伝えるd to the 兵舎 in a モーター-car, the 所有物／資産／財産 of some Raja. "It meandered about all over the road, and finally 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d a lamp-地位，任命する, nearly 破壊するing the whole party." On 調査 it was discovered that the Raja had not 許すd his 遂行するd chauffeur to 運動 "not thinking his 駅／配置する in life to be 適する; so the Viceroy's life was ゆだねるd to his 主要な／長／主犯 sirdar, who knew nothing about モーター-cars."

So の近くにd the first year of Minto's Viceroyalty. He could look 支援する on it with a modest 慰安, for his health had stood the 緊張する of incessant work--no small feat for a man of sixty--and he had 設立するd the best relations with the civil service, the native princes, and large classes of the Indian people. Sir Arthur Godley, the 永久の under-長官 at the India Office, summed up the year in a kindly Christmas message:--

"You （機の）カム into office at a time of unusual difficulty, and at the end of twelve months you can not only say like Sieyes, J'ai v馗u, but you can look 一連の会議、交渉／完成する upon a 大いに 改善するd 明言する／公表する of things, and look 支援する upon some 完全に good pieces of work. And the prospect before you is, I hope and believe, a 満足な one. Not the least of your 業績／成就s is that of having 設立するd 完全に 満足な relations with the 国務長官. I can 保証する you (so far as I can 裁判官) you have 完全に won his 信用／信任, and (what is not so 平易な to 勝利，勝つ by correspondence alone) his friendship."

CHAPTER 10

VICEROY OF INDIA, 1907-8

The first month of 1907 was given up to 機能（する）／行事s and gaieties, for it was the month of Lady Minto's F黎e in Calcutta for her Nursing 協会 and 地元の hospitals, and it saw the advent from the north of the 支配者 of Afghanistan. Of the F黎e let it be 記録，記録的な／記録するd that it was a 目だつ success, the most 包括的な fancy fair which India had ever seen, perfectly 組織するd in all 詳細（に述べる）s, and 生産力のある of no いっそう少なく a sum in 逮捕する 利益（をあげる）s than ｣25,000. 味方する by 味方する with the 苦悩s of this gigantic tamasha the Vicereine had to 直面する with the Viceroy the entertainment of the Amir Habibullah, on whose visit hung 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な 問題／発行するs for India's 外交政策. The 広大な／多数の／重要な Durbar was held at Agra, where the Amir arrived on 9th January in a deluge of rain--which he fortunately considered a good omen. The Viceroy and the 指揮官-in-長，指導者 were there to 会合，会う him, and a large concourse of guests, English and native. The Amir's （軍の）野営地，陣営 was superbly equipped. 抱擁する silver 政治家s support the 広大な／多数の／重要な Durbar shamiana, where about a dozen gorgeous silver 議長，司会を務めるs are arranged in a circle. There is a large empty room with 祈り carpets, where his devotions will be said. His bed is a silver four-poster with gold and silver embroideries instead of sheets, and his bath is a large inlaid marble tombstone with an アイロンをかける pedestal beside it, on which a man stands and 注ぐs water over him. His other 洗面所 requisites are all encased in plush and embroideries. On his dressing-（米）棚上げする／（英）提議する is a golden 事例／患者 十分な of scents--one 瓶／封じ込める 含む／封じ込めるing the pure 抽出する of attar of roses.

Then began a succession of garden parties, dinners, and 歓迎会s, and a Grand 一時期／支部 of the Indian orders of knighthood, when the Amir was 投資するd by the Viceroy with the Grand Cross of the Bath. It was a scene of impressive splendour as he walked in 行列 with the Viceroy and the Princes through the Dwan-i-kas to the Jasmine Hall, with its priceless traceries and carvings, which in other days had 証言，証人／目撃するd the glories of the Mogul 王朝. He was--after much anxious discussion--演説（する）／住所d as "His Majesty" and given a salute of thirty-one guns. He 証明するd to be a short, 厚い-始める，決める gentleman, cheerful, voluble, strong-長，率いるd, with a passion for novelties, most friendly and susceptible, and 明白に of a stout heart and a quick 知能. He wore English 着せる／賦与するs, except for a small astrakhan cap, adorned with a diamond sun, and occasionally put himself into knickerbockers and Norfolk jacket. He was 深く，強烈に impressed by the review which he 証言，証人／目撃するd of 32,000 Indian 軍隊／機動隊s, and 率d his sirdars for making him believe that the Afghan army outweighed the 連合させるd 軍隊s of India and Russia. "And the whole army of India, I now learn, is but a fraction of the total 軍の strength of the British Empire, and the whole army of the British Empire, I その上の find, is one of the smallest の中で the armies of the world's 広大な／多数の／重要な 力／強力にするs. What! Have you naught to say? Look to it, I shall 要求する your answer."

There was high comedy in the visit. The Amir lost his heart to so many ladies of diverse types that it was difficult to say whom he most admired.

"Lord Kitchener entertained the Amir at dinner last night," says Lady Minto's diary, "and it seems to have been a 広大な／多数の／重要な success. He became most hilarious, drank three 瓶／封じ込めるs of soda-water and a tub of plain water, and the 影響 could not have been more invigorating had the liquid been ワイン. He led Lord Kitchener to a sofa and said, 'You my friend, I your friend. Now we joke.' Lord Kitchener had the greatest difficulty in getting rid of him に向かって midnight."

He 配達するd さまざまな homilies on total abstinence, and a surprising 演説（する）／住所 at Aligarh College on the need of 宗教的な education, but he resolutely 拒絶する／低下するd to について言及する politics. Here is a picture by Lady Minto of his 外見 at the 明言する／公表する Ball in Calcutta:--

"He had never seen dancing in his life, and I was terrified that he was going to ask me to teach him. We sat together on the 演壇 in the ballroom discussing old Persian 説s, from which many of our proverbs are derived. There happened to be an （太陽，月の）食／失墜 of the moon, and the Amir gallantly said, 'The moon in our country is masculine, and he even hides his 直面する to-night so that your ball may have no 競争相手.' Later at supper I told him that it was our custom to put our knife and fork together if we had finished and 手配中の，お尋ね者 our plate 除去するd. He said, 'You tell, I learn!' . . . He said, 'Please you tell me I been 激しい guest or light guest?' Of course I said, 'You've been a light guest;' その結果 he 追加するd, 'Then I come and stay with you next year, not 公式の／役人. I come as your friend for a long time.' With a sickly smile I told him that we should look 今後 to that 楽しみ, 個人として praying that the 政府 will never 許す the 実験 to be repeated oftener than once in five years."

The Amir 購入（する）d enormous 量s of goods at the Calcutta F黎e; he gave largesse to any one who took his fancy; he did his best to arrange a marriage for Lord Kitchener, whose celibacy was a constant grief to him; and he 出発／死d at long last in 涙／ほころびs, having 設立する the rivers of Damascus more attractive than his own scanty waters of イスラエル. In his 別れの（言葉，会） speech he gave a 約束 which he loyally kept throughout the anxious days of the 広大な／多数の／重要な War: "Before I （機の）カム to India we called ourselves friends; now I find myself in such a position that our friendship, which was like a 工場／植物 before, is now like a big tree. I have 伸び（る）d much experience in India, and from that experience I hope to 利益 my country in 未来. Let me say that at no time will Afghanistan pass from the friendship of India. So long as the Indian Empire 願望（する）s to keep her friendship, so long will Afghanistan and Britain remain friends."

Melancholy 電報電信s and letters were 派遣（する）d to the Viceroy from every haltingplace on his return 旅行, and he crossed the frontier in utter dolefulness. "He drew Sir Henry M'Mahon aside, put on his モーターing goggles to hide the 涙／ほころびs that were coursing 負かす／撃墜する his 直面する, and was too 打ち勝つ to say one word. He finally jumped on to his horse, spurred him into a gallop, and disappeared through the mountain passes に向かって his 野蛮な kingdom."

The visit was not perhaps to the advantage of Habibullah; the fleshpots of the West were much too attractive to him, he fell out of conceit with his own people, and the way was 用意が出来ている for the 運命／宿命 which befell him twelve years later. But from the point of 見解（をとる） of Indian 政策 it was an 明白な 勝利, for relations of cordial friendship had been 設立するd which made it possible to tide over the difficulties of the 協定 with Russia, now approaching 完成. The British 政府 温かく congratulated Minto on the success of the visit, and two 抽出するs from the correspondence of the Viceroy and the 国務長官 may be 引用するd to show that the 重荷（を負わせる） of it was not light and that this was 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるd in Whitehall. On 6th February Minto wrote:--

"The Amir is still with us. I am afraid these words can hardly 伝える what they mean to me. Lady Minto and I are at the last 行う／開催する／段階s of exhaustion. He fills up one's every spare moment. He （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する to Barrackpore on Sunday for 昼食, after which I hoped for an afternoon to myself, but could not leave him. He then got 伴う／関わるd in a game of croquet with my daughters, and finally remained till dark. He dined at the Frasers', and sang a Persian love song to Lady Fraser to his own accompaniment on the piano, and has 発射 clay pigeons with me, though for international 推論する／理由s I thought it wise to divest the amusement of the 条件s of a match! The worst of it is he won't go away, and now, though every one was sworn to secrecy, he has discovered that our 明言する／公表する Ball is on Friday, and 主張するs on remaining for that. A horrible rumour reached us this evening that he wants to stay for the races on Saturday, but I have told M'Mahon that he 絶対 must 主張する on his leaving, as His Majesty's ships are 特に を待つing his arrival at Bombay, and there is a 海軍の programme there which he cannot neglect. He is 簡単に irrepressible, more like a boy out of school than anything else. Not a word of 事件／事情／状勢s of 明言する／公表する. . . . I only pray that the joys of Calcutta may not have 完全に unsettled him! The 責任／義務 of another such visit would really be more than I could 耐える, and I hear with 逮捕 that his sirdars say that there is no 疑問 there will now be an excellent モーター-road from Kabul to Peshawar! I am in 広大な／多数の／重要な hopes, however, that the attractions of Western life may 示唆する a visit to you in London rather than to me!"

To which Mr. Morley replied with an 急襲 into realpolitik:--

"I felt the horrible 軍隊 of your 開始 words, 'The Amir is still with us.' Ah, 井戸／弁護士席, il faut souffrir 注ぐ 黎re beau, and Viceroys cannot have 有望な feathers in their caps without prodigious doses of 退屈. I am glad His Majesty has at last taken himself off, and without one 選び出す／独身 bit of new 約束／交戦 on our part. If, as I most confidently 推定する／予想する, he gets knocked on the 長，率いる some 罰金 morning by his brother or some other 近づく 親族, we are not bound to put him 支援する on his 不安定な gadi, or, rather I should say, to avenge his deposition therefrom. One 広大な／多数の／重要な spring of mischief in these high politics is to suppose that the 状況／情勢 of to-day is to be the 状況／情勢 of tomorrow. If I were Lord Chesterfield, 令状ing to a son whom I meant to be a 政治家, I should say to him, 'Remember that in the 広大な／多数の／重要な high latitudes of 政策 all is fluid, elastic, mutable; the friend to-day, the 敵 to-morrow; the 同盟（する） and confederate against the enemy, suddenly his confederate against you; Russia or フラン or Germany or America, one sort of 力／強力にする this year, やめる another sort, and in 深く，強烈に changed relations to you, the year after!' Excuse this preachment, and be sure not to 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う any '使用／適用,' such as your Scotch preachers are fond of."

II

During the first months of 1907 the discussion of 改革（する） was approaching its culmination--the embodiment of the Viceroy's 提案s in an 公式の／役人 派遣（する）. The Arundel 委員会 had 報告（する）／憶測d, and the suggestion as to a native member met with no support from the Viceroy's 会議, with one 独房監禁 exception, its 長，指導者 対抗者s 存在 Lord Kitchener and Sir Denzil Ibbetson. Minto's own 見解（をとる） on the 事柄 was unshaken ("In 受託するing an Indian member of 会議 we should at once 収容する／認める the 即座の 権利 of a native to 株 in the highest (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 行政 of the country "), but he was ready to look at the question from every 味方する, to 収容する／認める the difficulties with the British public, and to put before Mr. Morley the arguments 勧めるd against it in India. It was a strong 手段 to 押し進める the 提案 in the 直面する of all his 同僚s but one, but he was 用意が出来ている to 直面する it. He told Mr. Morley so on 27th February:--

"The 推論する／理由s against it as 明言する／公表するd in the 公式文書，認めるs of members of 会議 are 一般に very 狭くする, based almost 完全に on the 仮定／引き受けること that it is impossible to 信用 a native in a position of 広大な／多数の／重要な 責任／義務, and that the 任命 of a native member is 単に a 譲歩 to 議会 agitation. The truth is, that by far the most important factor we have to を取り引きする in the political life of India is not impossible 議会 ambitions, but the growing strength of an educated class, which is perfectly loyal and 穏健な in its 見解（をとる）s, but which, I think, やめる 正確に，正当に considers itself する権利を与えるd to a greater 株 in the 政府 of India. I believe that we shall derive the greatest 援助 from this class if we 認める its 存在, and that, if we do not, we shall 運動 it into the 武器 of 議会 leaders."

On 21st March Minto, much encouraged by a deputation from Hindus and Mohammedans, who were anxious to 連合させる in putting an end to the 不安,* sent off the 派遣（する）: "I do not believe that any 派遣（する） fraught with greater difficulties and greater 可能性s has ever left India." The contents were kept a の近くに secret, but some hint of them got abroad, and Minto 認めるd that sooner or later, whatever happened, the native member 提案 would be known, and his own 株 in it.

* Footnote: He wrote to Mr. Morley: "Of all the wonderful things that have happened since I was in India, this, to my mind, was the most wonderful. . . . The 重荷（を負わせる） of it was that they are most anxious to put an end to 不安 and bad feeling, and that they 提案する to 組織する 協会s throughout the country with a 見解（をとる） to inducing Mohammedans and Hindus to work together for the 支配（する）／統制する of their 各々の communities. . . . It was 簡単に marvellous, with the troubles and 苦悩s of a few months ago still fresh in one's memory, to see the 'King of Bengal' sitting on my sofa with his Mohammedan 対抗者s, asking for my 援助 to 穏健な the evil passions of the Bengali, and inveighing agamst the extravagances of Bepin Chandra Pal. I hope you will 許す me a little feeling of exultation at the 信用／信任 表明するd to me by these 代表者／国会議員s of 敵意を持った （軍の）野営地，陣営s, and their 宣言 of 約束 in you and Mr. Hare and myself."

"I think," he wrote to Mr. Morley on 17th April, "that Anglo-India would be divided into two （軍の）野営地，陣営s, agreeing and 同意しないing with me, and that I should be violently attacked by the latter both here and at home. If he is 任命するd, the attacks will, I believe, die 負かす／撃墜する, and 徐々に disappear; if he is not 任命するd, we shall have a tremendous 復活 of agitation, in which 穏健な natives will join and with which many Anglo-Indians will sympathize. It will be 一般に known throughout India that the Viceroy (and it will be assumed, I am sure, that your sympathies run in the same direction) and reasonable British opinion as 井戸／弁護士席 as native have given way to the clamour of a 官僚主義 大部分は 影響（力）d by 関心 for their own 利益／興味s. We shall have a 列／漕ぐ／騒動 either way, but in the 事例／患者 of the 任命 of a native member it would emanate from the 公式の／役人 world alone, and would, in my opinion, 徐々に 沈下する."

On 5th June Minto wrote that he had never been anxious to escape from 批評, and was "やめる ready to stand the 発射."

The 国務長官, as he 認める in a later letter of 31st October, was いっそう少なく bold. The King's Speech at the 開始 of 議会 had hinted at Indian 改革（する）, and he clamoured from January till April for the Viceroy's 派遣（する）. When he got it he was inclined to take alarm at the 対立 of the Viceroy's 会議, and the 確かな repercussion at home. "I have known," he had written on 24th January, "some slippery places in my ill-spent political days, but I 宣言する I do not 解任する one when any step, both in reaching a 結論 and in the 過程 of making it known, needs more 用心深い 審議." He foresaw that his own 会議 would be 全員一致の against the native member; ex-Viceroys like Lord Elgin and Lord Lansdowne were 敵意を持った, as was an ex-Indian 長官, Sir Henry Fowler, who, however, によれば Mr. Morley, was "not happily 構成するd for swimming, or even floating, in 深い waters "; there was the whole host of retired Anglo-Indians, and the 用心深い and untiring 対立 of Lord Curzon to be reckoned with. Even Lord Ripon was against the 計画／陰謀 on its 長所s. Mr. Morley was better at 取引，協定ing with recalcitrants in the 階級s of his own party, the 残余 of Indian sympathizers in the House of ありふれたs whom he despised, than with an 対立 of which he knew little and which he ばく然と 尊敬（する）・点d. His own 見解（をとる）s in the abstract were Minto's, but he was only half-説得するd himself of the 知恵 at the moment of the step, and he failed to 説得する the 閣僚, who had always at the 支援する of their minds the agitation which followed the 悪名高い Ilbert 法案. In the 予算 審議 in the first week of June the 国務長官 did not について言及する the 支配する, but 発表するd that the time had now come when he might 安全に 指名する one, or even two Indian members to his own 会議. These 任命s followed in August.

合間, by the fantastic irony of events, while 改革（する）s 円熟したd anarchy and disorder raised their 長，率いるs. The area was the Punjab, always a dangerous neighbourhood because of the virile and warlike 質s of the Sikh people, who formed a 相当な part of the Indian army. There was 暴動ing in Lahore in April and at Rawal Pindi in May--serious 暴動ing which had 明白に been skilfully 組織するd. Something was 予定 to the anti-British 宣伝 of Bengali agitators, something to the 最近の 疫病／悩ます and the wild 疑惑s which always …を伴って such a visitation, and much to the unwise 扱うing by the 地元の 政府 of the canal 植民地s. Undoubtedly the native army was 存在 tampered with, and in India a little flicker may in a day be a prairie 解雇する／砲火／射撃. As Lord Kitchener said, "My officers tell me it is all 権利, but they said the same thing in the 反乱（を起こす） days till they were 発射 by their own men." Sir Denzil Ibbetson, as 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事, asked for special 警戒s to 会合，会う a special danger. There was some difference at first in the Viceroy's 会議, but 要約 対策 were undertaken. Under an old 規則 of 1818 the two 長，指導者 agitators, Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh, were 逮捕（する）d and 国外追放するd without 裁判，公判. An 法令／条例 was also 問題／発行するd (The 規則 of 会合s 法令／条例, 1907) 禁じるing the 持つ／拘留するing of seditious 会合s in the 州s of the Punjab and Eastern Bengal. These were strong 対策 for a 自由主義の 国務長官, but Mr. Morley rose gallantly to the occasion, 受託するd the need for them, and loyally defended the 政府 of India in 議会. He had in many letters shown a curious restiveness under the very suggestion of the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 that he might be averse from using the strong 手渡す when the 状況／情勢 需要・要求するd it. He felt that to be a 疑惑 which followed 自然に upon his political 記録，記録的な／記録する, and he was 決定するd to give it the 嘘（をつく）. He 願望（する）d to make 譲歩s to the Indian people, and was the more 熱心な, therefore, to show that he also stood for 法律 and order. "If we can hatch some 計画（する） and 政策," he wrote, "for half a 世代, that will be something; and if for a whole 世代, that would be better. Only I am bent, as you assuredly are, on doing nothing to 緩和する the bolts."

The instancy and vigour of the 活動／戦闘 of the 政府 of India had a miraculous 影響 in 静めるing the Punjab 不安. But more 効果的な than anything else was Minto's behaviour in 関係 with the Chenab 植民地, 疑惑 of the 政府's 態度 as to which had been a prime 原因（となる） of the trouble. In the 行政 of this 植民地, peopled by 1,200,000 souls, the Punjab 政府 had introduced 確かな 対策 which the colonists regarded, and with 司法（官）, as a 出発 from the 誓約（する）s on which the 解決／入植地 had been formed. The 法案, passed by the Punjab 法律を制定する 会議, was now up for the Viceroy's assent; it was admittedly an imperfect 手段, it was 悪名高くも 人気がない, and to Minto it seemed a （疑いを）晴らす 違反 of 約束. But he was told, if he disallowed it, that at a 批判的な time he would 少なくなる the prestige of the 地元の 政府 in the 注目する，もくろむs of the people. This was never the 肉親，親類d of 嘆願 that 控訴，上告d to Minto's mind. If it was an 不正な 法案, he told an inquirer, he would not consider the feelings of fifty Punjab 政府s. "I hate the argument," he wrote to Mr. Morley, "that to 辞退する to 許可／制裁 what we know to be wrong is a 降伏する to agitation and an 指示，表示する物 of 証拠不十分. It is far 女性, to my mind, to 固執する in a wrong course for 恐れる of 存在 thought weak." So he disallowed the 法案, with the most fortunate consequences. The trouble の中で the 植民地s disappeared, and the Viceroy acquired in the 注目する，もくろむs of the natives the repute of a just and beneficent divinity. It is needless to say that in his 活動／戦闘 he had Mr. Morley's fullest support. Lord Kitchener, too, was in favour of the course followed, and Minto's only qualm was that it might seem to cast a slight upon Sir Denzil Ibbetson, a most 勇敢な and competent 行政官／管理者, who was leaving the Punjab fatally stricken with 病気.

During these months the relations with the 国務長官 were cordial, though on occasions a little delicate. Mr. Morley's letters were always 十分な of urbanity and 推論する／理由, but his 電報電信s, if there should be any trouble brewing in 議会, were いつかs petulant and exasperating. His extreme sensitiveness was now 明らかな to Minto, who 労働d to 避ける any 事柄 of offence, but sudden 嵐／襲撃するs would 爆発する, as on the question of Mr. Morley's 私的な correspondence with Kitchener, where an 半端物 誤解 arose when Minto thought that he was 解釈する／通訳するing Mr. Morley's own 表明するd wishes. Lady Minto was in England at the time, and had some 利益／興味ing 会談 at the India Office. "I don't suppose," the 国務長官 told her, "that any Viceroy has had such a 負わせる of 責任／義務 on his shoulders since India was taken over by the 栄冠を与える." He felt to the 十分な the comedy of a 状況／情勢 in which a Tory Viceroy on a 事柄 of 改革（する） was bolder than a 自由主義の 大臣.

"Lady Minto," he wrote, "told me the other day that I had said that you were a stronger 過激な than I am; or else that I was the Whig and you were the 過激な, or something of that sort. I daresay I did in good humour talk in that vein, at my own expense, not yours. If I may seem over-用心深い to you, 'tis only because I do not know the Indian ground, and I hate to 運動 quick in the dark. You are at の近くに ４半期/4分の1s and see things with your own 注目する，もくろむs, and this gives you, rightly gives you, 信用／信任 in the 地域 of political 拡大. At least be 確かな that, in 反対する and temper, I am in entire sympathy with you, even if in 詳細（に述べる） I may now and then 異なる. You remember old Carlyle's 説 of himself and another--'We walked away 西方の, from seeing Mill at the East India House, talking of all manner of things, except in opinion not 同意しないing!' About India I don't know that you and I 同意しない even in opinion."

In April Minto went into （軍の）野営地，陣営 at Dehra Dun and どこかよそで, and 早期に in May was settled again at Simla. Those summer months, when the Punjab danger was gone, were a time of constant busyness but of comparative peace. Minto had 発揮するd himself to encourage independence の中で 公式の／役人s, so that they should 令状 what they believed to be true and not what they assumed that the Viceroy wished to hear. His work was 耐えるing fruit in a 普及した sense of 信用／信任 throughout the 階層制度, and the candour which 信用／信任 奮起させるs. Small annoyances were not absent. A section of the English 圧力（をかける） had 構成するd itself the 熱烈な apologist of Lord Curzon--which was 井戸／弁護士席 enough; but this （機の）カム to 伴う／関わる a subtle disparagement of his 後継者, which was 単に foolish. Servants of the 栄冠を与える are not 競争相手 beauties, so that the 賞賛する of one 伴う／関わるs the discrediting of the other. Few people had いっそう少なく vanity than Minto, but any honest man must chafe under misrepresentation. There were difficulties, too, about some of Lord Curzon's 企業s--the Delhi 記念の, for instance, which was to 祝う／追悼する the famous Durbar, and which had got into 悲惨な 混乱, and the 提案するd 記念の to Clive, with which Minto fully sympathized, but which he saw danger in connecting with the field of Plassey in the then 明言する／公表する of feeling in Bengal. He had little leisure for amusement, but at the Horse Show in June he 棒 his horse "Waitress" and had a 投げ上げる／ボディチェックする over a 塀で囲む--a thing which can never have happened to a Viceroy before. Lady Minto returned from England in July, and Sir Pertab Singh （機の）カム on a visit in August to 安心させる Minto about the 条件 of India. "People know Viceroy," he said; "he 兵士, he two-手渡す man, he make people happy; everyone 信用 two-手渡す man. 非軍事の, he only one-手渡す man." Under the heaviest 圧力（をかける） of 義務s Minto never lost his humour or even his boyishness of temper. He could always see the ridiculous in pompous occasions, and enter into the escapades of his staff, and gossip of sport past, 現在の, or to come, and laugh at the preposterous letter 捕らえる、獲得する of a Viceroy--提案s from unknown Bengalis for the 手渡す of one of his daughters, and requests for gifts to be repaid by the blessing of God, "Whom your Excellency 大いに 似ているs."

During the summer the 交渉s for an Anglo-ロシアの 条約 （機の）カム to a 長，率いる. The pourparlers between Sir Arthur Nicolson and M. Isvolsky had begun 早期に in 1906, and the first 草案 of the 条約 was telegraphed to India in May 1907. Within these dates there had been a 非常に長い correspondence between the Viceroy and the 国務長官, in which the former 強調するd 特に two points--the 絶対の necessity of 保護（する）／緊急輸入制限ing the status quo in the Persian 湾, and the desirability of carrying the 支配者 of Afghanistan with them. "It is most important," he wrote in June 1906, "to remember that the 現在の position has been agreed between the Amir and ourselves, and that we are not する権利を与えるd to 取り消す it without his 同意." Minto had little 信用／信任 in the decencies of ロシアの 外交 and the 保証／確信s of St. Petersburg, and he foresaw that the 協定 would leave northern Persia a happy 追跡（する）ing-ground for ロシアの intrigue. More, too, than Mr. Morley, he felt distaste for the whole tradition of the Tsarist 政府. But it was not his 商売／仕事 to 非難する the 外交政策 of His Majesty's 助言者s, though he would have assented to many of the 批評s which Lord Curzon made on the 条約 in the House of Lords, and, the 湾 position 存在 安全な・保証するd, he was only 関心d with the Afghanistan problem.

The 可能性 of an 協定 as to Central Asia between Russia and Japan, which was 明らかな 早期に in 1907, 急いでd the steps of the British 交渉者s, and during the summer there was a continuous and somewhat hectic correspondence between Simla and Whitehall. Minto had to work strenuously to 妨げる the British 閣僚 from 廃虚ing utterly the 未来 relations of India and Afghanistan. One instance may be selected. The 閣僚 had 受託するd the に引き続いて 準備／条項: "Should any change occur in the political status of Afghanistan, the two 政府s will enter into a friendly 交換 of 見解（をとる）s on the 支配する." The 条項, away from the 状況 of Article II., of which it was to form a part, looked innocent enough, but Minto saw that it might be a 実りの多い／有益な parent of mischief. ーするために 安全な・保証する from Russia no more than a repetition of her 誓約（する） that Afghanistan was outside the sphere of her 影響（力）, we were to 貯蔵所d ourselves to do what we had never dreamed of before--to 協議する her whenever a change in the political status occurred. Such a change might mean anything. If the Amir sent a （製品，工事材料の）一回分 of 公式の／役人s to India to be trained in 歳入 work, or asked for a 王室の Engineer officer to advise on the 防備を堅める／強化するing of Kabul, these requests might be reasonably construed as a change in the political status. Moreover, even without any 活動／戦闘 on the Amir's part, Russia could herself at any time 軍隊 an alteration in the political status, and so bring the whole question of Britain's relations with Afghanistan into the melting-マリファナ. Minto's 抗議する had its 影響, and the objectionable 条項 was dropped.

The Viceroy failed, however, to induce the 政府 to 協議する the Amir before 結論するing the 交渉s. Mr. Morley felt the difficulty, but his 同僚s were obdurate; candour with the Amir would 妨げる the 迅速な 死刑執行 of a 外交の クーデター on which they had 始める，決める their hearts. On 2nd August he wrote: "It （機の）カム to this at last-a choice between 受託するing the drawbacks and losing the 条約, Of course any one can see that the relations between us and the Amir were never so good as they are at this moment. Nothing can mend them. On the other 手渡す, it is 必然的な that the 条約 between us and Russia should make him 怪しげな and uneasy. The notion of his two 隣人s '交流ing 見解（をとる）s' about 別館ing and 占領するing him will 自然に have a very ugly look of Partition in his 注目する，もくろむs. . . . If the 条約 goes on--as in spite of all its drawbacks I am bound to hope that it will--I would ask you to encourage yourself in the delicate 外交 that we shall in that 事例／患者 課す on you with the Amir. . . . Certainly, if you do not 後継する in managing your Kabul friend, the results of the whole 訴訟／進行 will be 悲惨な." On 31st August the 国務長官 telegraphed that the 条約 had been 調印するd, and on 10th September the part relating to Afghanistan was communicated to the Amir. Minto wrote that he was pleased with the 協定, and hoped that the Amir would assent, but repeated that he did not believe that it would enable India to 減ずる her 軍の 予算. Months of 疲れた／うんざりした procrastination and obstruction on the part of Kabul were to 証明する the soundness of his forebodings.

The trouble in the Punjab was 静めるd for the 現在の, but there was ugly 証拠 of disquiet どこかよそで. The 小旅行する in the マドラス 大統領／総裁などの地位 of the Bengali agitator, Bepin Chandra Pal, led to a 一連の 暴動s, and in the autumn his doings in Calcutta resulted in his going to 刑務所，拘置所 for six months. Throughout the autumn and 早期に winter the 資本／首都 city was in a 乱すd 明言する／公表する, seditious 会合s were たびたび（訪れる）, the police were 石／投石するd, and in the beginning of December an 試みる／企てる was made to 殺人 Sir Andrew Fraser, the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事. The circular of the British 閣僚 on the 提案するd 改革（する）s had arrived in India, and had been communicated to the 地元の 政府s for their 観察s, but 味方する by 味方する with the discussion of 改革（する） there rose for consideration the necessity of その上の steps for the 保護 of order. Lord Kitchener, whose 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office had been 延長するd by Mr. Morley, was anxious for an 改善するd 圧力（をかける） 行為／法令／行動する, and the 支配する was discussed in many letters between the Viceroy and the 国務長官: both disliked the 政策 on general grounds, but the former was daily growing more 納得させるd of its inevitability. In November the Seditious 会合s 法案 was passed (superseding the 最近の 規則s of 会合s 法令／条例), and Minto made a speech in the 法律を制定する 会議 in which he 率直に denned his 政策. "The 法案 is 目的（とする）d at the 就任（式）／開始 of dangerous sedition, not at political 改革（する）, not at the freedom of speech of the people of India. . . . Far from wishing to check the growth of political thought, I have hoped that with proper 指導／手引 Indian capacity and Indian patriotism might earn for its people a greater 株 in the 政府 of their country. . . . We may repress sedition, we mil repress it with a strong 手渡す, but the restlessness of new-born and 前進するing thought we cannot repress. We must be 用意が出来ている to 会合，会う it with help and 指導／手引, we must 捜し出す for its 原因（となる）s." This speech earned the commendation of Mr. Gokhale, who had …に反対するd the 法案. "I liked it," he told Dunlop Smith, "though I cannot agree with it. There was a true （犯罪の）一味 about it." The passing of the 行為／法令／行動する 伴う／関わるd the 解放（する） of the Punjab 被追放者s. "I have not a 影をつくる／尾行する of 疑問," Minto wrote on 5th November, "that we must 解放（する） them, and that the sooner we do so the better." So, in spite of the forebodings of the timid, 解放（する）d they were at Lahore on 18th November.

The correspondence of these months with Mr. Morley shows the 長官 of 明言する／公表する 保存するing an 空気／公表する of philosophy under 苦悩s which he was unwilling to 自白する and a growing exasperation at the denseness of mankind. "I am not very clever at egg-dances, as my old 長，指導者 was," he wrote, "but I'll try my best; and I know that in you, who are the person most 直接／まっすぐに 伴う／関わるd, I shall have a 裁判官 who will make allowances. . . . 過激な 支持者s will be 批判的な, and Tory 対抗者s will scent an inconsistency between 国外追放するing Lajpat and my old fighting of Balfour for locking up William O'Brien. I shall not, however, waste much time about that. I have always said that Strafford would have made a far better 商売／仕事 of Ireland than Cromwell did. . . ." A month before he had written: "I fancy you are of a good temperament for troublous times, and I believe that I am not bad;" but his philosophy was not always proof against vexation, and so we have this cri du coeur:--

"I am so very glad that my lot was cast in the nineteenth century, and not the twentieth! When a man has that sort of feel, 'tis a 調印する that he should take in his sail, and drift peaceably into harbour. You will understand this 高度に figurative 結論."

In July he was getting very 疲れた／うんざりした, not only of the 過激な 独立した・無所属s in the House of ありふれたs ("I have often thought that a man of Cotton's stamp would like nothing いっそう少なく than such a pacification of India as you are 捜し出すing--so perverse and wrong-長，率いるd is the vain creature's whole line "), but even of the Indian 穏健なs like Mr. Gokhale. "I am the best friend they have got in England . . . yet they 掴む the first chance that 申し込む／申し出s to 宣言する me as much their enemy as Curzon!" Yet, though the letters show now and then the brittle patience of a man approaching seventy, the main impression they leave is of a marvellous vitality. He sends Minto not only his reflections on life and statesmanship, but news of every 肉親，親類d, 含むing a startling 見解（をとる） of the German Emperor--which he called a "golden impression"--that "he does really 願望（する） and ーするつもりである peace." At the の近くに of August, when he had 任命するd the two Indian members* of his 会議 and was looking 今後 to a スイスの holiday, he again toyed with the notion of a visit to India. "I have いつかs played with the idea of a scamper to India. . . . How glorious it would be! But my shagreen 肌 (you know Balzac's Peau de Chagrin?) is 速く 沈むing to a sadly diminutive 捨てる, and I am above all things a homebird. Yet I would honestly give up a 穏健な bit of my talisman 肌 if I could have a week's talk at Simla with you." Minto's letters are 限定するd, as a 支配する, 厳密に to 商売／仕事, but once he follows the example of the 国務長官 and gives an excerpt from his philosophy of life:--

"It is important to choose the 権利 適切な時期 for the 戦う／戦い. Of course in many things one must fight and chance the consequences, but いつかs one is more sure to 勝利，勝つ if one can afford to wait. There is an old racing motto, of which I used to be very fond and which I have always thought 井戸／弁護士席 adapted to the race of life: 'Wait in 前線'--which, 存在 解釈する／通訳するd, means, Do not make too much running, but always be in the place from which you can 勝利，勝つ when you want to."

* Mr. Krishna Gobinda Gupta of the Indian Civil Service, a Hindu, and Mr. Saiyid Husain Bllgrami, a Mohammedan who had been a member of the Viceroy's 法律を制定する 会議.

In November the Mintos paid a visit to the Nizam at Hyderabad, and proceeded thence to マドラス. Then they crossed the Bay of Bengal to Rangoon, and after a pleasant but 疲労，（軍の）雑役ing 小旅行する in Burma were 支援する in Calcutta for Christmas. One of the 義務s of a Viceroy is that of public 芸能人, and he is never without his guests, for any 訪問者 of 公式文書，認める has to be bidden to 政府 House, and the Mintos, having many relations and having 蓄積するd up and 負かす／撃墜する the world an infinity of friends, entertained more extensively than most of their 前任者s. Minto's modesty made him willing to learn from any man, and his placid good sense and friendliness made a success of even difficult 会合s. A 事例／患者 in point was the 小旅行する of the 社会主義者 leader, Mr. Keir Hardie, in 1907. He talked beyond question a good 取引，協定 of nonsense, but mischiefmakers perverted what he said, until he became a bogey of the first order to both England and India. Minto took a juster 見解（をとる） and 招待するd him to the Viceregal 宿泊する. "Keir Hardie," he wrote to Sir Arthur Bigge, "was much better than he was painted. I rather liked him, as I think every one at Simla did who met him. He is 簡単に a crank, and his 説s were very much 誇張するd. He was most anxious to see people 完全に …に反対するd to his 見解（をとる）s, and he saw many." To Mr. Morley he wrote: "He said nothing that I could in the least find fault with. He impressed me as a warm-hearted 熱中している人, who had come out here with preconceived opinions. He was やめる 用意が出来ている to 収容する／認める the difficulties of the 現在の position. . . . Though much of this (his 批評) is 完全に wrongheaded, there are 穀物s of truth." "What a singular world," Mr. Morley replied. "A talk with Scindia one day and then with Keir Hardie the day after! The last event fills one with a queer exquisite sort of satisfaction; and I think if you had been here while the Keir Hardie 嵐／襲撃する was at its 高さ (I did not やめる escape the 軍隊 of the 強風 myself), you would relish the notion of a 'cordial interview with the Viceroy' as 熱心に as I do. The King heartily 認可するd of your seeing him."

IV

In December 1907 a decentralization （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 had begun work in India, and in the beginning of 1908 it was plain that trouble would 続いて起こる. The （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 had been the result of a suggestion of Minto's made 早期に in 1907 as an 代案／選択肢 to Mr. Morley's dangerous 提案 of a 議会の 調査 into Indian 事件／事情／状勢s. It soon became a pet 計画／陰謀 of the 国務長官, and he took a keen 利益／興味 in its composition, selecting さまざまな chairmen who failed him one after the other, and finally 任命するing Mr. (now Sir) Charles Hobhouse. Mr. Hobhouse did not turn out to be the most fortunate of choices. He contrived to 感情を害する／違反する many of the 公式の／役人s with whom he （機の）カム into 接触する, he 無視（する）d the 条件 of his 調査 and 提案するd to 報告（する）／憶測 on the most delicate and secret 事柄s 完全に outside his 範囲, and he finally （機の）カム into 衝突 with the Viceroy himself. One evening about 9 p.m. he sent in eighty-six questions, which he asked the Viceroy to consider before noon next day; when told that this was impossible, and that he was in the 範囲 of his 調査s 越えるing his 力／強力にするs, he 需要・要求するd a 私的な 昼食 with the Viceroy to discuss the question, which was 相いれない with viceregal etiquette. Minto wrote to Mr. Morley on 3rd January an account of the 行き詰まる. He did not think that the 政府 of India should be itself 診察するd on any of the 広大な／多数の／重要な questions of 行政, but should keep （疑いを）晴らす so that it might be able to give an 独立した・無所属 opinion upon the 報告（する）／憶測 when 完全にするd. Above all, it was impossible to have the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 visiting and interrogating the native 明言する／公表するs, whose 内部の relations were a delicate 事柄 and depended おもに upon personal intercourse between the 判決，裁定 princes and the Viceroy. On 9th January he wrote that the chairman of the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 "is 明らかに under the impression that some superior 力／強力にする to that of the 政府 of India has been 委任する／代表d to him," and he went on to 示唆する a 原則 of which Mr. Morley cordially 認可するd: "Indian 政策 should 一般に depend upon an 交流 of 見解（をとる）s between the 国務長官 and the Viceroy. There must be a 政策 for India as a whole 認可するd by His Majesty's 政府, and I can see nothing except 混乱 of ideas if the 国務長官 should be advised by the 長，率いるs of a number of 地元の 政府s, in whom 一般に little 依存 can be placed in 言及／関連 to questions of 皇室の magnitude."

The worst difficulty was the 事柄 of the native 明言する／公表するs. Minto 辞退するd, rightly, to let the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 visit these 明言する／公表するs, since its 目的 would have been misunderstood, and it would have led to endless perplexities; so it was arranged that, so far as that 支配する was 関心d, the chairman should 診察する the 長，率いる of the Foreign department in Calcutta and political officers belonging to any native 明言する／公表する he cared to 指名する. Unhappily Mr. Hobhouse misunderstood or forgot the 協定, went to Rajputana 明らかに on a 私的な 小旅行する, and while there called for confidential 報告（する）／憶測s on a variety of 支配するs, 主張するing--or so the 公式の／役人s understood him--that he had a secret （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 from Mr. Morley to 診察する into these 事柄s. The Viceroy 敏速に forbade the 公式の／役人s to furnish a line of （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） or Mr. Hobhouse to ask for it. Allowances must be made for the difficulties of the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限; they had "sun-乾燥した，日照りのd bureaucrats" on the brain, and, 存在 on the look-out for secretiveness 自然に 設立する it; their 仕事 could not be a very 平易な or popular one, though the Viceroy and the 政府 of India did everything to 容易にする it. But the chairman was unhappily chosen, for his ability and energy were not mellowed by the necessary tact. The 国務長官 was the last man to 苦しむ his 指名する to be taken in vain. Even before the Rajputana 出来事/事件 he had written: "I am in some despair about a 確かな （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 that in a doubtful hour I 開始する，打ち上げるd upon you. From many ４半期/4分の1s I have the same story of want of tact, and of 過度の brusqueness. I can only 嘆願d that I did my 最大の to 警告する him, and in every letter I have harped upon the same tune." On the 事柄 of a "secret 使節団" he was flat in his 否定. On 12th March he wrote: "The trouble Hobhouse is giving us really is almost exasperating. The 'secret 使節団' is wholly unintelligible. Why, I told him fifty times that you were to decide everything in this 地域. It is as absurd as his talk about my '委任する／代表ing' the 力／強力にするs of a 国務長官 to him." The （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 was brought to a の近くに with some celerity, and presently Mr. Hobhouse was 促進するd from the India Office to the 財務省.

The second daughter, Ruby, had become engaged to Lord Cromer's eldest son, and in February Lady Minto went home for the wedding. Before she left she had the felicity of seeing her youngest daughter, Violet, 勝利，勝つ the Calcutta Ladies' Steeplechase at Tollygunge.

"I took up my position," she wrote in her diary, "in a long stretch of country where we could see four of the 塀で囲む jumps, feeling too sick with 恐れる to speak. Rolly was 平等に wretched. It was an awful moment seeing them 衝突，墜落 past us. One lady fell at the first 塀で囲む; Rolly saw a heap on the ground with fair hair, and for one horrid moment thought it was Violet. She was wonderfully 静める, not a bit nervous, and 持つ／拘留するing her horse 井戸／弁護士席 together. . . . After seeing them pass we galloped 支援する to the winning 地位，任命する. It was a tricky course with turns, the slippery ground making it much more dangerous. Fortunately the suspense was short-lived. We had hardly got into position before Violet sailed 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the corner, 主要な by several lengths, looking 一連の会議、交渉／完成する with the savoir faire of an old (v)策を弄する／(n)騎手 to see what she had in 手渡す, as if she had been riding races all her life. She （疑いを）晴らすd the last 盗品故買者 beautifully and won easily. . . . Violet's first 発言／述べる after the race was, 'Why wasn't I a boy?' For my peace of mind I am too thankful she wasn't."

Lady Minto left just as the long-推定する／予想するd war broke out on the North-West frontier. The frontier 政策 of India had been laid 負かす／撃墜する in Lord George Hamilton's 派遣（する） of January 1898, during Lord Elgin's viceroyalty, and had been 受託するd by Lord Elgin's 後継者s. Its 目的（とする） was 限られた／立憲的な 義務／負債, and it was based on two main 原則s--that the 軍の 軍隊 should be concentrated so as to 命令（する） the strategical points of the 国境, and that 政府 干渉，妨害 with the tribes should be 限られた／立憲的な so as to 避ける the 拡張 of 行政の 支配（する）／統制する over 独立した・無所属 部族の 領土. In consequence most of the 正規の／正選手 軍隊／機動隊s were 孤立した inside the 国境, Chitral and Malakand 存在 の中で the few transborder 駅／配置するs 占領するd, while the 部族の valleys, like the Khyber, Kurram, Tochi, and Zhob, were held by 地元の 民兵 軍団 命令（する）d by British officers. The position could not in the nature of things be 満足な. The 部族の 徴収するs were often incompetent, one tribe after another grew restless or took to （警察の）手入れ，急襲ing, 刑罰の 探検隊／遠征隊s followed, there was a 燃やすing of huts and 刈るs, the British retired, and a little later it all began again. The 政策 had no 約束 of finality, and the men whose 商売／仕事 it was to 持つ／拘留する the frontier were inclined to the belief that the （土地などの）細長い一片 of no-man's-land lying between India and Afghanistan should be brought 直接／まっすぐに under British 支配（する）／統制する. The Amir, talking to a British officer, once said, "Till the British frontier reaches the frontier of Afghanistan we never can have peace. So long as these tribes have not been subdued by the British there will be trouble and intrigue." The whole question indeed bristled with difficulties. There was on the one 味方する the natural 願望（する） of the British 政府 not to 大きくする its 領土の 責任／義務s; and there was on the other 味方する the exasperation of the frontier 公式の／役人s with a system which did not get rid of 責任／義務 but gave no real 保証（人） of 保護. Minto's 見解（をとる） was that a 修正するd 占領／職業 was necessary. He wrote to Mr. Morley on October 16, 1907:--

"There need be no necessity for taking the country in the sense of 軍隊ing upon it British 行政, collection of 歳入s, etc. We could 簡単に 持つ／拘留する it by the 創造 of one or two roads, or rather by the 改良 of the 存在するing roads by means of 部族の 労働 . . . and the 設立 of a few 前進するd 地位，任命するs, leaving the tribes as heretofore to carry on their own 部族の 行政, as we have done in the Swat valley and other 地区s. Why should we have a nest of 削減（する）-throats at our doors when all our experience has taught us that the mere 証拠 of British strength means not only safety to ourselves but happiness and 繁栄 to the 地区s we have pacified? . . . Putting aside the loss of life and 所有物／資産／財産 consequent upon perpetual frontier 乱暴／暴力を加えるs, the pacification of Waziristan would, in the long run, be far いっそう少なく expensive than a succession of 探検隊／遠征隊s. I hope when an occasion does arise to 訴える手段／行楽地 to 軍隊 that all this may be borne in mind."

On January 29, 1908, he wrote again:--

"I think perhaps you misunderstand me. I 疑問 very much if any one who thinks at all would wish to 増加する our landed 所有物／資産／財産 純粋に for the sake of 追加するing to our 所有／入手s. But an examination of our frontier history would, I should say, undoubtedly 証明する that when we have assumed 支配（する）／統制する of 部族の 地区s comparative civilization and peace have been the result. . . . The examples that come to my mind are Baluchistan, the Kurram valley, the Swat valley, and the 部族の country on this 味方する of the Malakand, in which latter 地区 the 長，指導者 request of the jirga which met me was for an 改善するd 鉄道 service! I believe, too, that the 責任／義務 and expense these 地区s entailed upon us before they （機の）カム under our 支配（する）／統制する was probably far greater than that which 存在するs at the 現在の day. . . . The 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s on our frontier is becoming 簡単に disreputable. We cannot afford any longer to 無視（する） the safety of our own 支配するs. We shall have to fight, and, of course, we are sure to 勝利，勝つ. But in doing so are we to spend lives and money and throw aside what we may 伸び（る）, with the knowledge that in a few years' time we shall have to repeat the same 支出, which our frontier experience has told us we can so 井戸／弁護士席 避ける?"

Mr. Morley was not 納得させるd, but as the last letter was 存在 penned part of the writer's 予測（する） was coming true. On the night of 28th January the Zakka Khel tribe of the Afridi race made a most daring （警察の）手入れ，急襲 on Peshawar. This was the culmination of a long 一連の 乱暴／暴力を加えるs, and it was decided to send an 探検隊／遠征隊 into their country, the Bazar valley. A 軍隊, consisting of two 旅団s under the 命令（する） of Sir James Willcocks, crossed the 国境 on 15th February. Mr. Morley's telegraphed 指示／教授／教育s were explicit: "Orders are that the end in 見解（をとる） is 厳密に 限られた／立憲的な to the 罰 of the Zakka Khels, and neither すぐに nor 最終的に, 直接／まっすぐに nor 間接に, will there be 占領／職業 of 部族の 領土." The 探検隊／遠征隊 was 完全に successful, and, having taken order with the tribes, it withdrew on 29th February. It was a delicate 商売／仕事, for the Zakka Khels had to be 孤立するd from the other Afridis, and there was an ugly 試みる／企てる of さまざまな mullahs on the Afghan 味方する to raise a jehad. It was plain that Habibullah could not 支配（する）／統制する his 支配するs, for presently （機の）カム an attack by an Afghan lashkar at Landi Kotal, which was easily beaten off. Also the trouble spread to the Mohmands, who in April assumed an 態度 so 脅すing that Sir James Willcocks had to re-concentrate his field 軍隊 and read them a sharp lesson. By the middle of May the frontier was 静かな again; but 苦悩 remained, for the springs of the mischief had been in Afghanistan, and the Amir had wrapped himself in mystery and vouchsafed no communication about the Anglo-ロシアの 条約 or anything else. It was fortunate that the year before the Viceroy had at any 率 設立するd with him a strong personal friendship.

The （選挙などの）運動をするs were brilliantly 行為／行うd, and the inflammable elements on the frontier, which might have 炎d into a formidable war, were skilfully damped 負かす／撃墜する. Mr. Morley followed the 詳細（に述べる）s with 激烈な／緊急の 利益／興味, and perhaps with a little nervousness, and its 結論 was to his mind a 救済, and also a source of pardonable pride. The philosopher for once had been in 命令（する） of 軍隊／機動隊s, for the war had been fought under his explicit 指示／教授／教育s. The generals were his generals. To Sir James Willcocks he wrote: "I must congratulate you on having carried out my orders so efficiently."

"I follow the 軍の doings with lively 利益／興味, and we have people in the office who know the ground. So, by the way, does Winston Churchill, who was there with Bindon 血. Winston is, next to poor Chamberlain, the most alive 政治家，政治屋 I have ever come across. . . . They make other folk seem like mere amateurs, fl穗eurs. . . ."

On 4th March:--

"We Indians are all in good spirits here just now at the end of the Zakka, and at its 存在 a good end; and our gratification is 株d to the 十分な by all the 残り／休憩（する） of the world. I think the 政策 of His Majesty's 政府 has been amply 正当化するd in the result; and the 軍の part of the work has evidently been done to perfection. For this I cannot but feel that we 借りがある Lord K. a special 負債. I don't suppose that he had any taste for our 政策 of 誘発する and peremptory 撤退, and yet he manifestly (and as I learn from letters) threw himself into the 死刑執行 of it with as much care, 技術, and energy, as if he had thought it the best 政策 in the world. That's the true 兵士."

In reply Minto wrote: "K. is the very essence of 警告を与える as regards the frontier. I know no one more anxious to 避ける 刑罰の 探検隊／遠征隊s, かもしれない no 疑問 because he knows that with the vastly 改善するd 軍備s of the tribes a frontier war on a big 規模 would be a very serious 事件／事情／状勢." And he 追加するd this picturesque 公式文書，認める:--

"By far the most striking characteristic of the 探検隊／遠征隊 has been its political 管理／経営 by Roos-Keppel. . . . His personal friendship with the very men against whom he was fighting is the most attractive part of the story. Though his own Khyber ライフル銃／探して盗むs are 十分な of Zakkas, they 主張するd on …を伴ってing him to fight their own fathers and sons and 爆発する their paternal mansions, and I am told the first thing the Zakka jirga said to him when they saw him was, 'Sahib, did we put up a good fight?' to which he answered, 'I wouldn't have shaken 手渡すs with you unless you had!' He is unhappy about Dadai, who was the most powerful Zakka leader against us, and is supposed to have been mortally 負傷させるd. He wrote Roos-Keppel a very nice letter from his death-bed, 説 how sorry he was for all that had occurred, and that he fully realized the mistake he had made in relying upon 援助 from Kabul. Mooltan, too, the other 広大な／多数の／重要な Zakka leader . . . is also a 広大な／多数の／重要な friend of Roos-Keppel's, and at one time stayed with him as his guest for three months. He was leader of the famous attack on Peshawar the other day, and wrote to Roos-Keppel afterwards 説 he hoped he was not annoyed at what he had done!"

This honeymoon atmosphere between the India Office and Calcutta was fortunate, for there were 事柄s 未解決の on which both Minto and Kitchener were 直接／まっすぐに at variance with the 国務長官. Mr. Morley considered that the Anglo-ロシアの 条約 should be followed by a 減少（する）d 軍の 予算 for India; both Viceroy and 指揮官-in-長，指導者 asked, most pertinently, in what 尊敬（する）・点 the 条約 強化するd India's 安全 or enabled her to relax her 防御の vigilance. Another point of difference was the 政策 to be 追求するd as to southern Persia and the 湾. Mr. Morley was inclined to 非難する Minto's 見解（をとる） of the place as the glacis of the Indian 要塞; he questioned the appropriateness of the whole metaphor, and he was 性質の／したい気がして to 否定する India's 権利 to a 見解（をとる） on the larger questions of 外交政策. "中国, Persia, Turkey, Russia, フラン, Germany," he wrote, "I have never been able to understand, and never shall understand, what advantages the 政府 of India have for comprehending the play of all these factors in the 広大な／多数の／重要な game of Empire. On the contrary, the 政府 of India is by no means the Man on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す. That, I say again, is just what the 政府 of India is not." To such 爆発s, which must seem a little beside the 示す, Minto replied by 明言する／公表するing 根気よく in many letters the ありふれた sense of the 事例／患者. It was not a 事柄 for extreme dogmas on either 味方する.

"It is not the 外見 of German armies that we have to 恐れる, it is the growth of German 影響（力） and its 影響 on Eastern 国籍s. Given 最高位の German 影響（力） in Turkey, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, and southern Persia, our position in India would be 本気で 脅すd. . . . I don't see how Indian 利益／興味s in Persia and the 湾 can be 手渡すd over 完全に to home 行政, for if this were done, putting aside political 事柄s, any 軍の 支出 in Persia or 海軍の 支出 in the 湾 could not 公正に／かなり be 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d to India. And yet we know that, as a 事柄 of fact, in the 事例／患者 of difficulties arising in Persia it would be upon Indian 軍隊／機動隊s that His Majesty's 政府 would be 強いるd to rely. I don't think you can separate Indian 利益／興味s from the 商業 of the 湾, or the strategical position in Persia from the possible necessity of Indian 軍の 援助."

In April the 辞職 of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman 伴う／関わるd a 再建 of the 閣僚; Mr. Asquith became 総理大臣 and Mr. Morley went to the House of Lords, because, as he told Mr. Asquith, "though my 注目する，もくろむ is not 薄暗い nor my natural 軍隊 abated, I have had a pretty industrious life, and I shall do my work all the better for the comparative leisure of the other place." To Minto he wrote on 15th April:--

"My inclination, almost to the last, was to bolt from public life altogether, for I have a decent library of 調書をとる／予約するs still unread, and in my brain a page or two still unwritten. Before the 現在の 政府 comes to an end, the 手渡す of time will in any 事例／患者 have brought the zest for either reading or 令状ing 負かす／撃墜する 近づく to 無, or beyond. I suppose, however, one should do the 商売／仕事 that lies to one's 手渡す."

The new adventure seemed to have raised the spirits of one who never 手配中の，お尋ね者 for courage, and who behind a staid exterior 保存するd a boyish liking for 企業. A week later he wrote:--

"I have been 押し寄せる／沼地d with correspondence about my grand glorification, winding up with a fuss with a bearish squire in my native Lancashire, who 断言するs I have no 権利 to take the 指名する of his manor as a tag to my own surname. His argument is that his family were there in 1600, 'when there were no Morleys and no 過激なs.' . . . I daresay I'll let the 耐える have his way. . . . As if it 事柄d to a man with no children who is within a few months of the Psalmist's allotted （期間が）わたる! All I hope is to be alive as long as I live--if you understand that; and at 現在の I don't feel さもなければ than alive!"

The summer of 1908 was 示すd by a recrudescence of barbarous 乱暴／暴力を加えるs, of which the 試みる／企てるs to 殺人 Sir Andrew Fraser and the 地区 治安判事 of Dacca in the previous year had been a foretaste. On the night of 30th April a 爆弾, ーするつもりであるd for Mr. Kingsford, a former 長，指導者 大統領／総裁などの地位 治安判事 of Calcutta, was thrown into a carriage in which two Englishwomen were returning from the Club at Muzaffarpur, and both ladies died of their 傷害s. A secret 殺人 society, operating in Calcutta and Midnapur, was 明らかにする／漏らすd, connected with the 悪名高い Maniktolla Gardens, and 爆弾 factories were discovered in さまざまな ４半期/4分の1s. In July there were ugly 騒動s in Bombay consequent upon the 起訴 of Tilak for sedition, and 暴動s at Pandharpur and Nagpur. In September an approver was 発射 dead by two of the Muzaffarpur 囚人s in the 長，指導者 刑務所，拘置所 in Calcutta. In November there was another 試みる／企てる to 殺人 Sir Andrew Fraser, and a native 視察官 of police was 発射 in a Calcutta street. It soon became （疑いを）晴らす that there was a wide 網状組織 of secret anarchist societies, whose members, mostly of the student class, were inflamed by a scurrilous 圧力（をかける）, and directed in their 罪，犯罪s by subtle and unwearied leaders.

Minto took the alarming 開発 with fortitude and good sense. "I am 決定するd," he said in the 法律を制定する 会議 on 8th June, "that no anarchist 罪，犯罪s will for an instant 阻止する me from endeavouring to 会合，会う as best I can the political aspirations of honest 改革者s, and I ask the people of India, and all who have the 未来 福利事業 of this country at heart, to 部隊 in the support of 法律 and order, and to join in one ありふれた 成果／努力 to eradicate a 臆病な／卑劣な 共謀 from our 中央." But if he 辞退するd to be panicky, he was 解決するd not to be supine. He was 責任がある the lives of many millions of 静かな folk, and for the 維持／整備 of order and 法律, and he was 決定するd to 適用する the exact 対策 needed to 会合，会う the 状況／情勢--no more and no いっそう少なく. He did not ask for a "解放する／自由な 手渡す," he realized that he must carry the 長官 of 明言する／公表する with him in all his new 対策; but it was his 義務 to be frank with the British 政府 and make them realize the truth, even at the cost of giving offence to minds which loved to 包む ugly facts in soft phrases. The 対策 which Minto 施行するd may be 簡潔に 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する. The English 爆発性のs 行為／法令／行動する was passed in June as an Indian 法令. The Indian 犯罪の 法律 改正 行為／法令／行動する, passed in December, 供給するd a 要約 手続き for the 裁判，公判 of seditious 共謀s, and gave 力／強力にする to 抑える 協会s formed for unlawful 行為／法令／行動するs. The (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 政府 was 権力を与えるd to 宣言する an 協会 unlawful, and there was no 控訴，上告 against its 決定／判定勝ち（する）. The 圧力（をかける） 行為／法令／行動する of 1908, 取引，協定ing with newspapers which published incitements to 殺人 and 暴力／激しさ, did not create new offences but 供給するd a more 激烈な 手続き, a better 機械／機構 for getting at the real 犯人, and severer 刑罰，罰則s. The 予防 of Seditious 会合s 行為／法令／行動する of 1907 already gave the 政府 力／強力にする to "布告する" an area and 禁じる public 会合s within it. The old 規則 of 1818, which permitted the 政府 to place persons under 拘留，拘置 without 裁判，公判, was put into use, and nine Bengali agitators were clapped into 刑務所，拘置所 in December with excellent results for the peace of the realm. This was perhaps the most 非難するd of the 対策, but it was on the same 計画（する） as the British 力／強力にする of 一時停止するing the Habeas Corpus 行為／法令／行動する, and was made necessary because 証言，証人／目撃するs were 存在 terrorized and dared not go into 法廷，裁判所.

Such 対策 were a hard 裁判，公判 for the 国務長官, and on the whole he 直面するd the facts with courage and reasonableness. The 合法性 of a lawyer is as nothing to the 合法性 of a Whig 政治家, and Lord Morley had to 努力する／競う--not with critics in 議会, of whom he was habitually contemptuous--but with the prepossessions and traditions of a lifetime. He may have drawn 慰安 (for he loved to have philosophic 当局 on his 味方する) from the words of his master Mill, who had written, "A people like the Hindus, who are more 性質の／したい気がして to 避難所 a 犯罪の than to apprehend him . . . who are 反乱d by an 死刑執行 but not shocked by an 暗殺, 要求する that the public 当局 should be 武装した with much sterner 力／強力にするs of repression than どこかよそで." It was Lord Morley himself who 示唆するd the 使用／適用 of the 爆発性のs 行為／法令／行動する to India, and it was enormously to his credit that he 受託するd the 逮捕（する） of the nine ringleaders in December. He was unable to resist Minto's resolute and 穏健な good sense, his 温和／情状酌量 which was not changed by difficulties, and his firmness which was not clouded by hysteria. But the 国務長官 had to 打ち勝つ his ingrained 不信 of a 官僚主義, which he believed to be always contemptuous of 法律 and clamorous for the violent 手渡す.

"We cannot carry on upon the old maxims. This is not to say that we are to watch the evildoers with 倍のd 武器, waiting to see what the devil will send us. You will tell me what you think is needed. . . . I 信用, and fully believe, that you will not 裁判官 me to be callous, sitting comfortably in an armchair at Whitehall while 爆弾s are scattering violent death in India."

On 21st May he wrote:--

"I am much with you, or rather you are much with me, in these pretty anxious days. . . . I daresay, however, that you are of the temperament of Thiers. 'In public things, take everything 本気で, nothing tragically.' When I began life I was rather the other way, scenting 悲劇 before there was any need; time and experience have brought me 一連の会議、交渉／完成する. Whether I should keep as 冷静な／正味の if 爆弾s were 飛行機で行くing I don't know."

But いつかs his 苦悩s got the better of his philosophy. He was alarmed at the 宣告，判決 of twelve months for the Bombay 石／投石する-投げる人s--he seems to have regarded them as only mischievous urchins--and he was quick to take offence at any phrase in Minto's letters which was 有能な of 存在 construed into a defence of 独断的な 政府. There is an illuminating passage in his letter of 17th June:--

"This notion of the '解放する／自由な 手渡す' is really against both letter and spirit of 法律 and 憲法. It cannot be; and let me 保証する you, on my word of honour as a student of our political history, that nobody would have been more …に反対するd to it than that excellent ancestor and 公式の／役人 前任者 of yours, Gilbert Elliot, the friend and disciple of Burke and one of the leaders against the greatest of our 知事-Generals. . . . I have amused myself by turning to Burke's correspondence, and in a letter to Gilbert Elliot I 設立する this: 'No 政治家，政治屋 can make a 状況／情勢. His 技術 consists in his 井戸／弁護士席-playing the game dealt to him by fortune, and に引き続いて the 指示，表示する物s given him by nature, times, and circumstances' (含むing H. of C. and the British デモs). This 下落する reflection by one of the greatest of men needs not to be 引用するd to you, for it is 正確に／まさに in the vein of your own political temper.

"Oh, but I must 停止する my 手渡すs at your hint of 'Prerogative'! What a shock to all the Greys, Elliots, Russells, and other grand Whig shades, discussing over and over in the Elysian Fields the 創立／基礎s of the happy and glorious 憲法 of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain! But then you say that on this 'I feel that I am getting into 深い water, and would rather sit upon the bank.' My 気温 had been slowly rising, but at this good-natured 疑問 it 即時に fell to normal, and I thought how, if you and I had been 行為／行うing the 論争 with 直面する answering to 直面する--you as Tory, I as the good 正統派の Whig--we should have 押し進めるd our 議長，司会を務めるs 支援する and gone 前へ／外へ laughing for a saunter in the garden."

"If 改革（する）s do not save the Raj nothing else will," Lord Morley had written, and Minto had replied with spirit that he utterly 同意しないd. "The Raj will not disappear in India as long as the British race remains what it is, because we shall fight for the Raj as hard as we have ever fought if it comes to fighting, and we shall 勝利，勝つ as we have always done. My 広大な／多数の／重要な 反対する is that it shall not come to that." Accordingly the Viceroy 圧力（をかける）d on with the 改革（する） 計画／陰謀 now 存在 incubated at leisure by the 地元の 政府s. In this work the 国務長官 most loyally and fruitfully co-operated, and, though the 提案s （機の）カム from India and the 詳細（に述べる）s were all worked out there, the 計画／陰謀 may 公正に／かなり be regarded as preeminently the work of these two men. On 1st November there fell the fiftieth 周年記念日 of Queen Victoria's 布告／宣言 of 1858, and it was decided to make this the occasion of a message from the King to the people of India, foreshadowing the 改革（する） 提案s. Minto was 解決するd that it should also touch on another 事柄 which lay very 近づく his heart--the 廃止 of the 軍の disabilities of the Indian gentleman. By 法律 an Indian might, if he were a member of the Indian civil service, become 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 of a 州, he could 持つ／拘留する the highest position on the （法廷の）裁判, and there was no 合法的な 反対 to his 存在 知事 of Bombay or マドラス, but whatever his value as a 兵士 he could not rise above a very inferior 階級. Minto was 井戸／弁護士席 aware that at first few Indians might be 設立する qualified for responsible 命令（する）s, but, as he argued in reply to Lord Kitchener's 反対, that was not the point. "We want to 除去する the disability for 昇進／宣伝 to such 地位，任命するs which now 存在するs. We can を取り引きする the 任命s to them によれば the 長所s of the individuals when the time comes." In November, too, the 国務長官 at last 同意d to his 提案 for a native member of 会議.

On 1st October the Viceroy sent home the fateful 派遣（する） giving the considered 計画／陰謀 of the 政府 of India. Lord Morley 任命するd a small 専門家 委員会 to 報告（する）／憶測 on the 提案s, and in a 派遣（する） of 27th November 許可／制裁d the 計画／陰謀, 支配する to 確かな slight modifications. 合間, on 1st November, Minto, in a 広大な／多数の／重要な durbar at Jodhpur, had 配達するd the message of the King. Lady Minto's diary 述べるs the scene in that 古代の city 始める，決める まっただ中に the 砂漠s:--

"It was 正確に／まさに as if we had gone 支援する at least five centuries. The entire 大勝する was lined on each 味方する with the Thakurs and their retinues, each 禁止（する）d having their 独特の pugrees. On either 味方する of the road there were caparisoned horses with marvellous trappings, long flowing draperies covering their 長，率いるs, richly embroidered with gold and silver, all wearing the 厚い gold bracelet above the 権利 膝, pawing the ground and arching their necks as they are taught to do; elephants 完全に covered with velvet embroideries and 大規模な silver ornaments; camels galore, some carrying antediluvian guns which look as if they could never have done much 死刑執行; 機動力のある men covered from 長，率いる to foot with chain armour, wearing the 同一の 控訴s of mail used in 戦う／戦い at the time of the 早期に Mogul Emperors."

In this romantic setting the Viceroy read the words of the King-Emperor, repeating and 大きくするing the 借り切る／憲章 of 1858. The time had come when the 原則 of 代表者／国会議員 会・原則s must be prudently 延長するd, and the 対策 to 確実にする this would soon be made known. "For the 軍の guardianship of my Indian Dominion I 認める the valour and fidelity of my Indian 軍隊／機動隊s, and at the New Year I have ordered that 適切な時期 should be taken to show in 相当な form this my high 評価 of their 戦争の instincts, their splendid discipline, and their faithful 準備完了 of service."

In December the 改革（する） 計画／陰謀, the 詳細（に述べる）s of which will be discussed in the next 一時期／支部, was made public both in England and India. There was little 批評, and much 是認 in both countries. The "native member," the supposed bone of 論争, was universally 受託するd. Only the 計画／陰謀 for "選挙（人）の colleges," which had been 挿入するd at home, was disquieting to the Mohammedans. "I hope," Minto had written to Lord Morley on 30th November, "I am not overweening in my feeling that we are about to 株 in the 勝利 of a 広大な／多数の／重要な work. There may be no 明白な 勝利 at first, and there will be any 量 of 批評, but I believe that thinking India will realize that much has been 伸び（る）d. Notwithstanding all my 警告s as to possible その上の trouble, perhaps I am more sanguine than you are. Instinct seems to tell me that we are 近づくing the turn of the tide." So the year 1908, which had been dark enough at times, ended with a brighter horizon. A vicious 突発／発生 of anarchist 罪，犯罪 had been 敏速に checked, miscreants had been laid by the heels, and Tilak, the cleverest agitator in India, had been 輸送（する）d for six years. A 広大な／多数の／重要な 計画／陰謀 of 改革（する） had been happily passed into 法律. The 苦悩 about Afghanistan's 態度 に向かって the 条約 with Russia had been 長引いた till September, to Lord Morley's 激しい annoyance, but it was 静めるd during that month by the 領収書 of a friendly letter from the Amir, and wholly dispelled in October when M. Isvolsky visited England. In spite of unceasing work Minto had kept his health, and his 私的な life had been happy as ever. His youngest daughter had become engaged to Lord Lansdowne's second son, Lord Charles Fitzmaurice, and in November Melgund and Lady Eileen arrived from England. Even in the most 悩ますing times Minto's correspondence never fails in a sense of the humour of life. He 述べるs for the 利益 of Lord Morley his visit to Scindia, when the Maharani sang Scots songs to him from behind the purdah, and he joined in the choruses. "It was really all too curious--the more so when I think that いっそう少なく than a hundred years ago my grandfather, General Sir Thomas Hislop, finally 敗北・負かすd the Mahratta army under Holkar at the 戦う／戦い of Medhipore, not so very far from here, and that here was I, his grandson, singing songs with Scindia's wife!" Nor was the 国務長官 slow to reply in 肉親，親類d. He 悔いるs that he did not remain in the House of ありふれたs to 取引，協定 as "'長，指導者 goose-herd'" with what he 述べるd as "the honest 自由主義の Fools and the baser sort of Unionist ditto." "An under-長官 cannot put the 恐れる of God into their silly hearts, as the 国務長官 can at least try to do. However, I am up aloft, and there I am happy to stop; at the same time I have told Asquith that there is to be no playing with India to please the geese." In a delightful letter on 10th December he complains that he has a 黒人／ボイコット dog on his 支援する, which "makes me think of the Psalmist at his worst, or 職業, 一時期／支部 III.," and which might be explained by an influenza 冷淡な. "To cook up a powerful and impressive oration, one half for coercion and t'other half against it, in the 中央 of cough, quinine, and 一面に覆う／毛布s, is no joke, I can 保証する you. Ah, 井戸／弁護士席, as I think I'm always 説 to you:--

"'Be the day short or be the day long, At length it ringeth to Evensong.'

"A jingle that 慰安s me, I hardly know why, for Time is bringing me into pretty の近くに sight and sound of the last Evensong of all. Time 解任するs the Times newspaper--" and then follows 圧力（をかける） gossip, which never failed to amuse him.

But loyal and helpful as he was in all 広大な／多数の／重要な 事柄s, and warm as were the feelings of the two men for each other, the 国務長官 did much to 増加する the Viceroy's 負担. The India Office was 列d in red tape and slow in movement, and it was 過度に curious about trivialities--a 解放する／自由な passage to a 未亡人 or a 年金 to some minor 公式の／役人. In September Minto 抗議するd 堅固に against this habit; already a member of the Hobhouse （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 had told Lord Morley that the first 反対する for decentralization was the India Office. But the 長官 of 明言する／公表する himself was not 解放する／自由な from the same fault, and he 悩ますd the Viceroy with constant 電報電信s about 事柄s with which he had no real 関心, forgetting the words of Mill, at whose lamp he said he had kindled his "modest rushlight"--"The (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 政府 of India must be seated in India itself." Lord Morley had not the gift of quickly acquiring （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） on unfamiliar topics; he remained oddly ignorant of the 詳細（に述べる）s of Indian 条件s, and to the end made suggestions which were occasionally so beside the 示す as to be comic. That would have been a small 事柄 if he had not wished to direct 活発に parts of the 行政の machine himself, a 仕事 for which he had neither the 権利 肉親，親類d of experience nor the 権利 肉親，親類d of talent. 絶えず he 手配中の，お尋ね者 to use his 罰金 brain as ineptly as the man who 始める，決めるs a race-horse to the plough. This habit 二塁打d the Viceroy's work, and it is impossible to read the telegraphic correspondence between Simla and Whitehall without regarding much of it as a sheer waste of time and energy. There was often 構成要素 for a quarrel. Lord Morley was jealous of the correspondence of Minto or any high Indian 公式の／役人 except with himself, and when Minto hinted at the 拡張 of the same 原則 to Lord Morley's correspondence with Lord Kitchener he was 本気で 傷つける. When an Indian 公式の／役人 went to England he was shepherded by the 国務長官 from any 接触する with Foreign Office or War Office. Few 大臣s of the 栄冠を与える have been so unyieldingly despotic in the lesser 事柄s of 行為／行う. His sense of personal dignity, too, was easily 感情を害する／違反するd; his vanity, さもなければ an innocent and attractive thing, could suddenly become peevish; a casual careless phrase in the letter of an overworked man became the occasion for a homily. The truth seems to have been that in 1908 he was beginning to feel his seventy years, and that the 乱暴／暴力を加えるs in India and the 必然的な 対策 that followed so 感情を害する／違反するd his sense of decency and his lifelong traditions, that they preyed upon his mind and unsettled his temper. His letters were invariably courteous, his 電報電信s, 反映するing his momentary moods, were often petulant and 不正な. Minto 始める，決める himself the difficult 仕事 of 辞退するing to be ruffled and replying always considerately and calmly, and to his 継続している honour he 後継するd.

But it wore him 負かす／撃墜する. He was not the man to complain in public or 私的な; but in an 時折の letter to his wife or to an old friend like Sir Arthur Bigge there is a hint that he 設立する it hard to soothe the sensitiveness and 静める the 疑惑s of a 国務長官 who did not readily understand the etiquette of a service, and was apt to 受託する, as veracious, preposterous gossip from 私的な letters, and 需要・要求する of an overworked Viceroy 即座の 調査 and explanation. It was his 商売／仕事 to 許す for Lord Morley's temperament as part of the problem he had to 会合，会う, and in reading the correspondence it is pleasant to 公式文書，認める how Minto's knowledge of human nature and his real affection for the 国務長官 taught him the best way of 扱うing his 同僚. He overstates a point that Lord Morley may have the satisfaction of whittling it 負かす／撃墜する; he insinuates in 連続する letters a 政策 till presently it returns from Whitehall as Lord Morley's own 提案; he 根気よく 崩壊するs a prejudice against some 公式の／役人 till Lord Morley becomes the 支持する of his 長所s.

Such a result would never have been 得るd but for the solid 創立／基礎 of liking and 尊敬（する）・点 between the two men. The 補償（金）s were 広大な／多数の／重要な, for there would suddenly come from Lord Morley such an outflow of kindliness that a いっそう少なく 極度の慎重さを要する heart than Minto's would have been touched. The Viceroy hints that the 国務長官 takes perhaps too 詳細（に述べる）d an 利益／興味 in the 事件／事情／状勢s of India, and the latter replies that he read the words with a friendly smile. "My only excuse is that I have to 援助（する） you in your 戦う／戦い." There is a slight difference of opinion, and Lord Morley 令状s: "We are placed in positions where the points of 見解（をとる） of Whitehall and Simla are やむを得ず different, but what I can say . . . is that you and I have entire 信用／信任 in one another's 目的（とする）s and sense of public 義務." On October 30, 1908, he 令状s again: "We have now had all but three years of it, and considering the difference in our experience of life and the world, and the difference in the political schools to which we belong (or think we belong), and the intrinsic delicacy of our 公式の／役人 relations, our avoidance of 暗礁s and 行き詰まり，妨げるs has been rather creditable all 一連の会議、交渉／完成する. When 11th December comes--the 周年記念日 of my taking the 調印（する）s--I feel as if I could compose a very 罰金 Te Deum duet, in which you shall take one part if you will, and I the other." And the last day of December brought the Viceroy this New Year message: "Believe that I am very heartily your 支持者 for 1909, and as many more years as you care to have. At least you leave off at the end of 1908 in a position that must gratify all your friends, 含むing Morley of B." Exasperation could not 耐える for long with a nature so essentially warm and gracious, and--in its considered moods--so magnanimous. In talking with Lady Minto on her visit to England Lord Morley paid the finest 尊敬の印 which perhaps 国務長官 ever paid to Viceroy. "I am swimming," he said, "in a popular tide through victories which are not my own."

CHAPTER 11

VICEROY OF INDIA, 1909-10

JANUARY was filled with 準備s for Lady Violet's marriage to Lord Charles Fitzmaurice, which was celebrated in Calcutta Cathedral on the 20th. "Scindia, Sir Pertab Singh, and Cooch Behar," Minto wrote to Lord Morley, "were all in the church--the ecclesiastics not 存在 the least shocked by their presence." Wedding gifts were 申し込む／申し出d from every ４半期/4分の1, and though their 受託 was forbidden by the etiquette of the Viceroy's office, the feeling which 誘発するd their 申し込む／申し出 was gratefully 認めるd. One such 現在の, which was 購入（する）d by Lady Minto, was a posteen 申し込む／申し出d by an Afghan 仲買人 with the に引き続いて letter: "As Vicereine of India, and we humble savages of the wilds of Afghanistan having heard that your honoured daughter, Lady Violet Elliot, will to-morrow become, by the grace of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Allah, Lady Fitzmaurice, the husband which to-morrow will be the second son of that 広大な／多数の／重要な noble and benefactor of our land, the Marquis of Lansdowne. On such news reaching us, we thought we could do no better than 支払う／賃金 homage to thee, good Ladyship, and to the 広大な／多数の／重要な Viceroy, Lord Minto, and to thy gracious daughter, Lady Violet, by coming and 申し込む／申し出ing, as our poor means will 許す, something that will 証明する our 忠義 to thy 広大な／多数の／重要な Family and to the invincible British Raj." Lord Kitchener 提案するd the health of the bride, and the cake was 削減（する） with his sword. "Lady Violet," he said, "has won more hearts than that of Lord Charles, and I feel sure there are 非，不，無 現在の who do not 深く，強烈に and 心から 悔いる her 出発 from amongst us. For that we 持つ／拘留する Lord Charles responsible, but considering his 誘惑, I think we must 許す him."

The year 1909 had for its 長，指導者 work the final perfecting and 設立するing of the new 改革（する）s. The 計画／陰謀 received in India an almost 全員一致の welcome, and Mr. Gokhale in the 予算 審議 in March 宣言するd that the Viceroy and Lord Morley between them had saved India from drifting "に向かって what cannot be 述べるd by any other 指名する than 大混乱." In the 早期に months of the year the 国務長官 was engaged in 操縦するing the necessary 法案 through 議会, a 仕事 which he 成し遂げるd with remarkable 技術 and with a 確かな humorous enjoyment.

"Balfour spoke in his usual pleasant and 効果的な way for a short half-hour, おもに 占領するd with an 利益／興味ing 分析 of the 条件s that are 要求するd to make 代表者／国会議員 政府 a success, ending in the 結論 that India 満足させるs 非，不，無 of these 条件s. . . . He vouched me as undoubtedly agreeing with him as to Indian unfitness for 代表者／国会議員 会・原則s; and he was やめる 権利. With the 法案 and the 計画／陰謀 he hardly dealt at all, and his 批評 was 純粋に superficial. It reminded me of what Gibbon said about Voltaire 'casting a keen and lively ちらりと見ること over the surface of history.' On the whole, sitting perched up over the clock in the Peers' Gallery, I felt as if I were listening to a 禁止（する）d of disembodied ghosts--so far off did they all seem from the hard realities and perplexities with which we have been grappling all these long months. Though it would never do for me to say so, I must 内密に 収容する／認める that the thing compared very 貧しく with the strength and knowledge of the 審議s on the 法案 in the House of Lords. I 設立する also, when the dinner hour arrived, that I had already, in いっそう少なく than a twelvemonth, acquired one inexorable propensity of every selfrespecting peer; I 延期，休会するd; and after a modest meal at the Club, instead of returning to hear more speeches, I went home to bed, where I did not dream of Mackarness, Cotton, and other excellent men. Some day it will be your turn to listen to an Indian 審議 from the same perch; for I dare not suppose that we have finally settled the 商売／仕事. I will not ask you to send me an account 負かす／撃墜する in the Elysian Fields, where I shall then be wandering at my 緩和する."

The 必然的な 批評 of the 法案 in the British 議会 and 圧力（をかける） had its repercussion in India, and the 疑問s were 主として about the native member of the Viceroy's 会議. It had been decided to 申し込む／申し出 the 任命 as 合法的な member to Mr. Sinha, the Bengal 支持する-General, who, 大いに to his credit, was willing to sacrifice his very large 私的な income at the Calcutta 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業. King Edward was 本気で 関心d at the whole 提案, and in a talk to Lord Morley, while admitting that there was no 代案／選択肢 against a 全員一致の 閣僚, remonstrated vigorously about the whole 訴訟／進行. Minto wrote to the King on 4th March in the hope of 除去するing 確かな misconceptions:--

"The Viceroy was inclined when he first （機の）カム to India to argue with 確かな of his 同僚s on his (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 that an Indian member should be 追加するd to their number and a seat 供給するd for him by 法令. The Viceroy has, however, since come to the 結論 that an Indian member, 占領するing a seat created by 法令, would be an admission of the necessity for racial 代表, which would create 競争相手 （人命などを）奪う，主張するs for such seat amongst the many 国籍s, 宗教s, and castes of India. Moreover, a seat held on racial 資格s would, it appeared to the Viceroy, 示す a 無視（する） for the special 質s which should する権利を与える an individual to 持つ／拘留する such a seat, viz., professional ability, 行政の experience, and social standing. . . . From the Viceroy's point of 見解（をとる）, therefore, the point 伴う／関わるd is the question whether, if an Indian gentleman is 所有するd of the above 資格s, he should be debarred because of his race from 持つ／拘留するing an 任命 for which he may be exceptionally ふさわしい. The Viceroy thinks he can no longer in 司法（官） be so debarred, and that racial disability should be 除去するd."

The step 要求するd no statutory 当局, and on 24th March the 圧力（をかける） 含む／封じ込めるd the news of Mr. Sinha's 任命. At the 遂行するd fact 批評 died away. "The Times" Lord Morley wrote, "shakes its 長，率いる a little . . . they shed 涙／ほころびs over the fact that Sinha has not some 得点する／非難する／２０ of the rarest political virtues in any world--courage, patience, tact, foresight, 侵入／浸透, breadth of 見解（をとる）, habit of 当局, and Heaven knows what else--just as if all those noble 質s were inherent in any third-率 lawyer that I could have fished out of Lincoln's Inn, or even as if they are to be 設立する in all the members of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 as it stands to-day!"

The new member did his work most competently, though he often sighed for his 非公式の days, and at さまざまな times alarmed the Viceroy by showing a strong inclination to return to them. The notion that his 任命 would give offence to the 判決，裁定 長，指導者s was 劇的な 性質の／したい気がして of when in September Scindia （機の）カム to Simla, and of his own （許可，名誉などを）与える made it his first 商売／仕事 to call on Mr. Sinha. "Times have changed," Minto wrote. "How long will it take 'Indicus olim' to 認める the fact?" As to Mr. Sinha's 態度 to British 支配する, it is 十分な to 記録，記録的な／記録する a 説 of his in conversation with Lady Minto: "If the English left India in a 団体／死体, we should have to telegraph to Aden and get them to return as 急速な／放蕩な as they could, for in a couple of days India would be in 大混乱."

The 改革（する） 法案 was passed into 法律 on 25th May, and, since much had been left to be 影響d by 規則s, the 政府 of India had to でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れる these and send them home 早期に in July. Lord Morley 任命するd a 委員会 to consider them ("I can at least 約束 you that it shall not be illuminated by the 向こうずねing presence of Lord Macdonnell"), and the Viceroy in 会議 brought the 行為／法令／行動する into 操作／手術 as from 15th November. It is unnecessary here to give more than a general sketch of the main 準備／条項s. The total strength of the さまざまな 法律を制定する 会議s was raised from 124 to 331, and the number of elected members from 39 to 135, a 大多数 of 非，不，無-公式の／役人 members 存在 introduced in every 法律を制定する 会議 except that of the Viceroy. 力／強力にする was given to members to move 決意／決議s on 事柄s of general public 利益／興味, to discuss the 年次の 予算s more 自由に, and to put 補足の questions. We have already seen the 任命 of an Indian member to the Viceroy's (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議; the members of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議s of マドラス and Bombay were 増加するd, and 力／強力にする was given to 任命する an Indian member of each, while it was also made possible for the Viceroy, with the assent of the 国務長官, to create an (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議 in any other 州.

The method of 選挙 of 非，不，無-公式の／役人 members to the さまざまな 法律を制定する 会議s was コンビナート／複合体, since it was 願望（する）d to 確実にする an 適する 代表 of the professional classes, the landholders, the Mohammedan 全住民, and the European and Indian 商業の communities. In a country such as India a simple plebiscitary system was 明白に out of the question. These 利益／興味s could be 代表するd only by means of separate 選挙民s or by 指名／任命. The main difficulty 関心d the Mohammedans, as to whom a vigorous 論争 激怒（する）d all summer both in India and in Britain. The 政府 of India's 計画（する）, に引き続いて upon Minto's 誓約（する） to the Moslem deputation on October 1, 1906, was to give the Mohammedans separate 選挙民s, 補足（する）d to the 十分な extent of their 合法的 （人命などを）奪う，主張するs by その上の 代表 through mixed 選挙民s, or by 指名／任命 where they failed to 得る a fair 株 of the elective seats. Minto 願望（する）d to 妨げる the 信奉者s of Islam from becoming a rigid 飛び領土, 離婚d from the 残り／休憩（する） of Indian life. But unfortunately during the discussion of the 法案 in 議会 the 国務長官 示唆するd as the best 解答 mixed 選挙（人）の colleges based on 比例する 代表. This 提案, which seemed to ゆだねる Mohammedan 利益／興味s wholly to mixed 選挙民s, and to abandon the 原則 of communal 代表, was stoutly …に反対するd by Indian Moslems, and by Mr. Ameer Ali and the Aga 旅宿泊所 in London. The Mohammedan leaders put their （人命などを）奪う，主張するs too high, but 結局 they were induced to agree to what was 事実上 the Viceroy's 計画／陰謀, receiving a 最小限 of six members in the Viceroy's 法律を制定する 会議--five elected by 純粋に Mohammedan 選挙民s, one 指名するd, and possible 新規加入s from the mixed 選挙民s. There were many deputations received and interviews 認めるd in Whitehall and Simla, and Lord Morley seems, in spite of his tenderness for Islam, to have grown very 疲れた／うんざりした of Islam's spokesmen. It was delicate ground, for, as he wrote, "We have to take care that in 選ぶing up the Mussulman we don't 減少（する） our Hindu 小包s." "I have agreed," he told Minto, "to receive the sons of the 三日月 next week. I wish the Prophet himself was coming! There are not many historical 人物／姿／数字s whom I should be better pleased to 召喚する up from 楽園, or wherever he now がまんするs."

The Viceroy and the 国務長官 had been at one in every major 詳細（に述べる） of the 改革（する）s. They were at one, too, in the 視野 with which they regarded them, though Lord Morley may have placed the main 強調 on the 増加する of elected 代表者／国会議員s in the 立法機関s, and Minto on the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある partisanship of which the first step was the admission of natives to the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議s. Neither thought that the 計画／陰謀 would be a final 解決／入植地; both believed that it was "that just 手段 of change 要求するd to 会合，会う what was reasonable in the 現在の 需要・要求するs." The words of the 国務長官 in the letter of 2nd April would have been willingly subscribed to by the Viceroy:--

"It may be that the notion of co-操作／手術 between foreigners and 外国人 支配するs is a dream. Very likely. Then the 代案／選択肢 is pure Repression and the Naked Sword. But that is as dangerous and uncertain as 調停, be that as bad as Balfour thinks, because it is impossible that the Native Army can for ever escape contagion. And 鉄道s and telegraphs put new and formidable 器具／実施するs in the 手渡すs of even the civil 全住民, if they break into 反乱（を起こす）. Our 自由主義の expedients may fail. The Tory 実験 of grudging and half-and-half 譲歩s is sure . . . to end in dangerous impotence. The only chance, be it a good chance or a bad chance, is to do our best to make English 支配者s friends with Indian leaders, and at the same time to do our best to train them in habits of political 責任／義務."

But there was one question on which at no time the two men saw fully 注目する，もくろむ to 注目する，もくろむ. This was the 事柄 of the 国外追放s. Lord Morley, though he had assented to the strong 対策 of the previous winter, was never enamoured of them, and he was perpetually haunted by 疑問s as to their advisability--疑問s which it pleased 確かな young 保守的なs in the House of ありふれたs to 増加する in their search for 原因（となる） of offence against the 政府. The question arose on the political disqualification of 被追放者s for which Minto argued. The mere 権利 of 拒否権 in the Viceroy after 選挙 seemed to him to be …に出席するd with the gravest disadvantages, and he 提案するd a general disqualification, with the 権利 of the Viceroy to 許す candidature in special 事例／患者s. Minto 明言する／公表するd his 見解（をとる）s, as he felt it his 義務 to do, with vigour and frankness:--

"What is our main 義務? Surely it is, in the first place, to 治める／統治する India with 予定 regard to the 福利事業 and peace of its 全住民--not to 試みる／企てる, irrespective of those 利益／興味s, to 適合する with 原則s which the political training of years may have （判決などを）下すd dear to the people of England, but which are 全く unadapted to the 条件s we have now to を取り引きする in this country. . . . It is such 指導／手引 of the 政府 of India by a 議会 全く ignorant of 地元の 条件s which, if it is to 代表する a 一般に 受託するd 原則 in our 行政 of India, is, I must 残念に say, in my opinion 確かな to 証明する 悲惨な. . . . Political disqualification in England, and in India just awakening to political life and 治める／統治するd 大部分は by the mere prestige of British 当局, cannot be 裁判官d by the same 基準. A 解放（する）d political 囚人 who becomes a member of 議会 in no way 脅すs the safety of the 憲法, but the 選挙 of Lajpat Rai to the Viceroy's 法律を制定する 会議 would 始める，決める India in a 炎. . . . We must not forget . . . that our 会議s will be comparatively small, and that the introduction into them of a 嵐の petrel would have a very different 影響 to a 類似の introduction into the historic atmosphere of the House of ありふれたs."

The 事柄 was finally settled by permitting the Viceroy by 規則 to give to himself and the 地元の 政府s the 力／強力にする to 妨げる the 指名／任命 of any irreconcilable--which was, of course, a more stringent 警戒 than the disqualification of 被追放者s as such. On a second point the 論争 was still warmer. Lord Morley, not unnaturally, wished to signalize the 完成 of the 改革（する） 計画／陰謀 by some 著名な 行為／法令／行動する of 温和／情状酌量. "The continued 拘留，拘置 of the 被追放者s," he telegraphed on 21st October, "makes a mockery of the language we are going to use about 改革（する）. It makes a 完全に self-contradictory 状況／情勢." He therefore wished to 発表する their 解放（する） 同時に with the 出版（物） of the 規則s. The 国務長官 was 存在 much badgered on the 事柄, and he wished to get rid of so embarrassing a 重荷（を負わせる）.

"A very clever Tory lawyer, F. E. Smith," he wrote to the Viceroy in May, "the rising hope of his party and not at all a bad fellow, has joined the 追跡（する）. . . . You will understand that I have no notion whatever of giving way, whatever happens, unless you see a chance of 解放（する）ing some or all of the detenus one of these days. . . . The mischief to India of a long stream of nagging questions and attacks, 特に if even a handful of Tories join my knot of critics, rather perturbs me. . . . F. E. Smith said to a friend of 地雷, 'I would not 反対する to 国外追放 in an 緊急 if the man who 課すd it was an English country gentleman.' 'But then,' was my answer, 'what else is Lord Minto?' . . . Don't be 感情を害する／違反するd if I say boldly that, if I were 知事-General to-day, I would （不足などを）補う my mind to have an 恩赦，大赦 on the day when the new 会議s 行為／法令／行動する comes into 軍隊. As you know, I could argue the other way if I liked, but I have an instinct that this is the way that would redound most to the credit and honour for courage acquired by you already."

Minto had long ago come to the 結論 that the 被追放者s must be 解放（する）d as soon as the 改革（する）s were in 操作／手術. But he was resolutely …に反対するd to their 解放（する） till the 選挙s were over, and so 堅固に did he feel on the 事柄 that at one moment, when it seemed likely that he might be overruled, he took the strong step of asking that the 抗議する of the 政府 of India should be made public. His argument, which 最終的に 納得させるd Lord Morley, seems difficult to resist:--

"One of the 広大な／多数の／重要な hopes of our 改革（する） 計画／陰謀 was to '決起大会／結集させる the 穏健なs.' Surely it would not be wise to turn loose those firebrands into the political 円形競技場 just at the very moment when we are hoping that the reasonable and stable characters in Indian society will come 今後 and 範囲 themselves on our 味方する, and on the 味方する of 憲法の 進歩. It seems to me that, if we were to do this, we should indeed be creating a 'self-contradictory 状況／情勢,' in that, having 孤立した the 被追放者s from political life for nine months or so while nothing was going on, we should be 解放するing them at the very moment when the whole country will be in the 騒動 of a 総選挙, and when we are trying for the first time to work out an 完全に novel 選挙（人）の 機械／機構!"*

(* Footnote: The に引き続いて 電報電信s may be 引用するd:--

国務長官 to Viceroy.

"31st October 1909.

"Regarding the 被追放者s--I 真面目に hope that I am not to understand that you 拒絶する the 全員一致の suggestion of the 閣僚. Such a result would be most 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な, and I am sure you will consider the 状況／情勢 with a 十分な sense of 責任／義務, as I 心から try to do."

Viceroy to 国務長官.

"2nd November 1909.

"Your 電報電信 of 31st October. I have always 認めるd the 広大な／多数の／重要な importance of our 協定 in all 事柄s, and also know the many considerations you have to を取り引きする at home, but the Viceroy and 政府 of India are 責任のある to you for the 即座の 行政 of India, and are bound to 明言する／公表する their 見解（をとる）s to you as to the safety or さもなければ of 活動／戦闘 影響する／感情ing that 行政. I have already told you that the 決定／判定勝ち（する） of my 会議 against 解放（する） is 全員一致の, and is supported by the strong opinions of 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事s. My 電報電信 of 22nd October explains our 推論する／理由s. I cannot 明言する／公表する position more 明確に than in last part of my 私的な 電報電信 to you of 31st October, the に引き続いて 部分 of which I 投機・賭ける to 引用する, すなわち:--

"'The question is whether the 被追放者s can be 解放（する）d with 予定 regard to the 内部の peace of India. My 会議 have twice decided that they cannot now be so 解放（する）d, in which 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事s 関心d 絶対 agree. We shall be heartily glad to 解放（する） them when we know that 条件s will 許す of it, but I must say distinctly that to 解放（する） them on either of the dates you 指名する would be 十分な of 正統化できない 危険, and would be 完全に contrary to the 推論する／理由s for which they were 国外追放するd--すなわち, that their freedom 危うくするd the peace of the country.'

"I have most carefully considered the 状況／情勢, and can only say, with a 十分な knowledge of 条件s throughout the whole of India, that the Viceroy and 政府 of India would be betraying the 信用 課すd upon them by His Majesty's 政府 if they now 表明するd themselves さもなければ than in my 電報電信 of 22nd October. If His Majesty's 政府 decides upon the opposite course, the Viceroy and 政府 of India must 受託する their 指示／教授／教育s, but they could not be held 責任がある the results: and, putting aside the 再開 of agitation, I feel bound to tell you that, from an Indian point of 見解（をとる）, I cannot conceive at the 現在の moment anything more dangerous than that 無視（する） should be had to the 円熟したd opinions of the 政府 of India and 地元の 政府s.")

The period during which the 改革（する）s were approaching their consummation was ironically 示すd by anarchy and 乱暴／暴力を加える. In February the public 検察官，検事 in the Alipore 事例／患者 was 殺人d; in the 早期に summer secret 犯罪の societies were discovered in Gwalior, the Deccan, and Eastern Bengal; and on 1st July there was （罪などを）犯すd the hideous 殺人 of Sir William Curzon Wyllie and Dr. Lalkaka at the 皇室の 学校／設ける in London. The 殺害者, Dingra, belonged to a most respectable Punjab family, one of whom had written a 調書をとる／予約する which he had 献身的な to the Viceroy. There were constant dacoities in Bengal, committed by young Hindus ーするために swell the 革命の 基金s, and there was disquieting 証拠 that the mischief might spread from the Bengali student class to the more virile races of the north. Finally, on 21st December, Mr. Jackson, the collector of Nasik in the Deccan, was 発射 dead by a young Brahmin at a 別れの（言葉，会） theatrical 業績／成果 given in his honour. The Nasik 事例／患者 compelled the 政府 to 延期する the return of the 被追放者s and to 準備する more stringent 対策 of 警戒. Minto kept his 長，率いる まっただ中に these 当惑s. "I hope," he wrote to Lord Morley, "that public opinion won't take the 不当な 見解（をとる） that the 行為s of a few anarchists are proof of the doubtful 忠義 of all India. Of this I am 絶対 確かな , that if it had not been for our 承認 of Indian political ambitions, we should now have had 範囲d against us a 集まり of discontent composed not only of 極端論者s, but of those who are now our most loyal 支持者s."

He had himself a 株 of the attention of the 犯罪のs. On 13th November, while on a visit to Ahmedabad, two 爆弾s were thrown at the carriage in which he and Lady Minto were 運動ing. They failed to 爆発する, but one subsequently went off in the 手渡すs of a water-運送／保菌者 who 選ぶd it up, 原因（となる）ing serious 傷害s. Both the Viceroy and his wife took the 事件／事情／状勢 with the 最大の coolness and courage. Lady Minto in her 定期刊行物 単に 記録，記録的な／記録するs that the day was her birthday and that 爆弾s were an 半端物 肉親，親類d of birthday 現在の. Minto, 令状ing a short account of it to Lord Morley, prefaced his letter by 説 that he was too overworked to send him more than 捨てるs of news, and ended with a 穏やかな 不平（をいう） at the 不快 which 試みる／企てるs on a man's life entailed:--

"Imagine our portentous 警戒s! Last night we proceeded solemnly to that awful ordeal, a 明言する／公表する 祝宴. After 存在 seated some time and no food appearing, さまざまな high 公式の／役人s sallied 前へ／外へ to 調査／捜査する the 原因（となる）s of 延期する and 設立する two 歩哨s with 直す／買収する，八百長をするd 銃剣 standing over the soup, which they 辞退するd to 収容する／認める without a pass!"

Lord Morley wrote:--

"In spite of your magnanimous 拒絶 to attach any political significance to the 爆弾s, one cannot but feel that the miscreants who planned the 乱暴／暴力を加える were animated by politics, if one can give the 指名する of politics to such folly and wickedness. Anyhow it was 罰金 and truly generous of you to say that you stoutly resisted the idea that it 代表するd anything like the heart of the general Indian 全住民. This is one of the utterances that will stick, and will 原因（となる） your 指名する to be held in honour. Lord Roberts was here the day after, and I read him your first 電報電信. He said, 'Ah, Minto is an intrepid fellow! He hasn't a 神経 in him!' This would be rather an ぎこちない thing for you from the anatomical and physiological point of 見解（をとる）; but I knew what he meant!"

II

The year 1909 奪うd the Viceroy of two fellowworkers whom he 深く，強烈に valued. His 私的な 長官, Sir James Dunlop Smith, whose 広大な／多数の／重要な Indian experience, unfailing 忠義, and tireless 産業 had been of incalculable service, was 任命するd to follow Sir W. Curzon Wyllie at the India Office. In August Lord Kitchener 中止するd to be 指揮官-in-長，指導者, and was 後継するd by Sir O'Moore Creagh. It was an open secret that Kitchener would have liked to be the next Viceroy; he was made a Field-保安官 and 受託するd the 申し込む／申し出 of the Malta 命令（する） which was 圧力（をかける）d on him, but he 得るd 許可 after his long Indian service to indulge himself with a 予選 holiday in the Far East. His relations with Minto had been always those of the most cordial friendship, and the fact is the more remarkable when it is remembered that Minto was himself a 兵士 and in no way 性質の／したい気がして to 受託する the 指揮官-in-長，指導者's 見解（をとる）s on army questions without a searching examination of his own. "In 軍の 事柄s," he wrote to Lord Morley, "I am not やめる the same as other Viceroys have been, or are likely to be in the 未来. For many years I served as a 兵士 in さまざまな capacities all over the world, have seen much active service, and much of other armies besides our own, and this not only from the love of adventure, for I worked hard at the more 知識人 必要物／必要条件s of a 軍の career. その結果 the comprehension of 軍の organization and 行政 comes very 自然に to me, and 軍の 政策 in India is a 事柄 on which I shall always 持つ／拘留する decided 見解（をとる）s of my own, no 事柄 what my 指揮官-in-長，指導者 may think!" In August he wrote: "I shall 行方不明になる K. very much, for he has supported me most loyally always, and I look upon him as a real friend. We have 異なるd--as, of course, we must occasionally--over 確かな things, but I have always 設立する him very open to 有罪の判決. He is such a different man to what the outside public suppose him to be. In my humble opinion you could not select for the gadi a more reliable occupant." Minto had 労働d to 解釈する／通訳する Kitchener to the 国務長官, and had met with some success, but on the question of the Viceroyalty he 設立する him 毅然とした. "I should not much care," wrote Lord Morley, "to be 国務長官 if he were 知事-General, and what is more, my dear Viceroy, I don't mean to be." To Lord Morley Kitchener was only a competent and stiff-necked 兵士; perhaps it was impossible except for those who worked closely with him to realize that his political sagacity and prescience were more 著名な than even his talents for 策略 or 戦略.

Lord Kitchener's 出発 was not unattended with sensation. His 別れの（言葉，会） speech at Simla 証明するd to be 大部分は an adaptation of Lord Curzon's 別れの（言葉，会） speech at the Byculla Club in 1905. 平行の columns in the Times showed a 損失ing 身元 both in 事柄 and style. There had been no such 事例／患者 of plagiarism since Disraeli cribbed from Thiers his panegyrics on the Duke of Wellington, and the 状況／情勢 was made piquant by the fact that copier and copied were old and unreconciled antagonists. Minto's letter to Lord Morley explains the 事件／事情／状勢 as far as explanation was possible. Sir Beauchamp Duff had been in the habit of helping Kitchener with his speeches.

"At first I thought the similarity might be mere coincidence--but such a 可能性 消えるs when one sees the passages 味方する by 味方する. The best explanation I have heard--and I have good 推論する／理由 to think it the true one--is that K. 単に told Duff that he would find some good points in Curzon's speech, but I am 堅固に 納得させるd that K. never ーするつもりであるd that he should use it as he did, and never had any idea that he had done so. But then, as I say--how is Duff's 業績／成果 to be accounted for? Of course there are ill-natured explanations beneath contempt. The supposition that it was irony on K.'s part has also gone the 一連の会議、交渉／完成するs here--sheer impossible nonsense. . . . K. is a very bad （衆議院の）議長--hates having even to say a few words--always reads his speeches, and read the one in question 特に 不正に. . . . I am very sorry about it all. It is lucky for K. that he is on the high seas!"

The arduousness of the Viceroy's life did not 減少（する） as the months went by. In October he wrote to Lord Morley: "I have been in India almost four years now, and during that time I have not had one 選び出す／独身 解放する／自由な day to myself. Even on the few occasions I have been away in （軍の）野営地，陣営, I have never had a day without 公式の／役人 work. One must be strong and 井戸／弁護士席 to start 早期に in the morning, go through long tiring hours in the sun, and come 支援する to one's テント to find it 十分な of とじ込み／提出するs and 公式の／役人 電報電信s and work till midnight or the small hours of the morning. But so it is, and I am thankful to say, so far, I am fit and 井戸／弁護士席." The 救済 in such a life was the 転換ing of base--the move from Calcutta to Simla, and the 旅行s to distant 州s.

The visit to Lahore in April was a 広大な／多数の／重要な success. The Viceregal party on elephants entered the 狭くする streets of the old city, where every house was decorated with embroideries and mottoes, 含むing the remarkable couplet:--

"Eipon, Minto, Morley, England's greatest three, India sing their 賞賛するs till eternity."

"The wonderful part," Minto wrote to Lord Morley, "was that our 大勝する lay through the very heart of the old city, through streets no Viceroy had ever before been 許すd to pass. It had not been considered 安全な. . . . Nothing but friendly enthusiasm the whole way. I 自白する it was all very encouraging. Yet it is an inflammable 全住民, a much more dangerous 全住民 in reality than in Bengal."

Later in the same month the Mintos went tiger-狙撃 in the 周辺 of Dehra Dun, and while waiting 機動力のある on elephants while the ジャングル was 存在 beaten out, 遭遇（する）d an appalling 雷雨. "The 空気／公表する seemed 十分な of electricity," says Lady Minto's 定期刊行物; "the noise was deafening, and besides the forks of 炎上 flashes of light seemed to 勃発する in all directions. . . . We all agreed that, as long as the Viceroy held on to his ライフル銃／探して盗む, the 残り／休憩（する） of the party were in 義務 bound to follow 控訴. Rolly 宣言するd that he would have given a thousand 続けざまに猛撃するs to get rid of it, but his izzat forbade his taking such a course."

That summer Minto and his wife had an 遭遇（する） with a mad dog, and had to を受ける the Pasteur 治療, which has a most depressing 影響 upon the system. Happily both had equable 神経s, but the twenty-one days of suspense were a nightmare to the staff. During the autumn there was an 延長するd 小旅行する の中で the Rajput 明言する／公表するs, and at Udaipur on 6th November Minto 配達するd an important speech on the 支配する of the native 明言する／公表するs and the 判決，裁定 princes. The 忠義 of the latter had been questioned in irresponsible ４半期/4分の1s in Britain, but their behaviour during the 突発／発生 of anarchy in the past two years had given the 嘘（をつく） to the calumny. The Viceroy now took occasion to define the 政策 of Britain--the more necessary now that democratic 改革（する） was on the eve of 存在 introduced in British India. At Gwalior in 1899 Lord Curzon had 発表するd that he considered the native 長，指導者s as "his 同僚s and partners in the 行政." But such colleagueship might 伴う／関わる an unwelcome and unworkable 責任／義務, and an 試みる／企てる to 施行する uniformity in 行政. It was not possible to turn a 判決，裁定 class, 極度の慎重さを要する about their prerogatives and status, into a picturesque 肉親，親類d of 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 or commissioner. Minto accordingly 強調するd their 内部の independence, as far as it was 一貫した with the 利益／興味s of India and the British Empire, and the need of elasticity and variety in their relations with the Raj. He had no belief in a world steamrollered out into a uniform flatness to please a 確かな type of 公式の／役人 mind.

"I have made it a 支配する to 避ける as far as possible the 問題／発行する of general 指示／教授／教育s, and have endeavoured to を取り引きする questions as they arose with 言及／関連 to 存在するing 条約s, the 長所s of each 事例／患者, 地元の 条件s, antecedent circumstances, and the particular 行う／開催する／段階 of 開発, 封建的 and 憲法の, of individual principalities. . . . I have always been …に反対するd to anything like 圧力 on Durbars with a 見解（をとる） to introducing British methods of 行政--I have preferred that 改革（する） should emanate from the Durbars themselves, and grow up in harmony with the traditions of the 明言する／公表する. It is 平易な to 過大評価する the value of 行政の efficiency."

The colleagueship of the Viceroy and the 国務長官 remained during the year の近くに and friendly, though not without occasions of vigorous 論争. There was the old trouble of 私的な correspondence by subordinates without the cognizance of the superior, and in the 事例／患者 of a 極悪の 違反 of etiquette by one member of the Viceroy's 会議 the 国務長官 seemed scarcely to 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる the Viceroy's indignation. Minto, too, was 悩ますd at times by Lord Morley's かわき for what he felt to be irrelevant （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）, and, as we have seen, the 事柄 of the 被追放者s 伴う／関わるd much cabled argument. But the 相互の regard of the two men is shown in the correspondence by their inclination to discuss with each other 事柄s of moment not 厳密に pertinent to their offices. Minto laments that in a time of 緊張する and constant watchfulness he has no leisure for 私的な reflection. "It makes me sad to think how little time there has been to read or 熟考する／考慮する the many mysteries of India--it has been a life of every-day 活動／戦闘--certainly learning much as one goes along, but realizing all the more how terribly ignorant one is of many things." He comments on the land 条項s of Mr. Lloyd George's famous 予算, and について言及するs that at Minto he had, out of a 甚だしい／１２ダース rent-roll of ｣5,600, 逮捕する 領収書s of ｣83, which he hoped would still be 利用できる to entertain the 国務長官 when he visited the 国境s. Lord Morley replied with his impressions of the German Emperor as "火星 commis-voyageur." "He is a consummately 利益／興味ing 人物／姿／数字 all the same, with just that streak of Crackedness which is perhaps 必須の to the 利益／興味ing. As for Bagman, don't suppose I think it a 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of reproach: just the opposite. The 兵士 is a 罰金 fellow; the diplomatist is 不可欠の; but the 警報 and thrifty Bagman, making money, 蓄積するing it, 雇うing it, he's the 創立／基礎 of a strong 明言する／公表する! I much 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う that this will 反乱 you!" He draws an amusing picture of Indian humbug in Surendra Nath Banerji. "He nearly made me cascade with 甚だしい／１２ダース compliments--their Guru, a 広大な／多数の／重要な Man, then (by noble 盛り上がり) the greatest Man since ATthbar! I hope he'll balance the little account between us two by 断言するing that you are far greater than Aurungzebe. After this nauseating dose, he went straight off to a 会合 統括するd over by Cotton, and listened with silent composure to an orator 公然と非難するing me as no いっそう少なく of an 抑圧者 and tyrant than the Tsar of Russia!"

There are graver moments, too. He transcribes, to 慰安 Minto in his difficulties with a disloyal 同僚, a wise passage from Mr. Gladstone:--

"The imperious nature of the 支配するs, their 負わせる and form, 需要・要求するing the entire strength of a man and all his faculties, leave him no residue, at least for the time, to 適用する to self-regard; no more than there is for a swimmer, swimming for his life. He must, too, in retrospect feel himself to be so very small in comparison with the 主題s and 利益／興味s of which he has to think."

He was beginning, in spite of all his vitality, to feel the 重荷（を負わせる） of his years, and wondered いつかs whether he would ever have a talk with his 特派員 直面する to 直面する. "I am rather jaded, and I have a birthday of terribly high 人物／姿／数字 next month. I had 約束d myself a 残り／休憩（する） as soon as ever I got 解放する／自由な of 改革（する）s and 被追放者s. Unhappily I am not やめる my own master for three or four weeks to come. They 主張する that I 公然と非難する the House of Lords to their noble 直面するs--a pastime that would have given me lively satisfaction once, and I should have produced an hour's oration with the 最大の 緩和する. So I shall have to 生き返らせる my memory of Pym, Hampden, Eliot, and King Charles. Then I'm bidden to Windsor for four days--very agreeable always, only not 残り／休憩（する） like my library." The 影をつくる／尾行する of a 総選挙, too, hung over him, and a possible change of 政府. "The men 指名するd by the 閣僚-製造者s for this office are Percy, Midleton, and Milner. If it should be the last, I do believe you will いつかs sigh with a passing breath for the meek individual who now subscribes himself."

III

The Nasik 殺人 in December 1909 had created throughout all India a sense of insecurity, and on January 24,1910, it was followed by a no いっそう少なく startling 罪，犯罪, when the Mohammedan police officer who had been おもに instrumental in unravelling the Bengal 殺人 陰謀（を企てる）s was 発射 dead in the very 管区s of the Calcutta High 法廷，裁判所. It was an ill-omened prologue to the 開始 of the 改革（する）d 法律を制定する 会議. Some 慰安 was to be drawn from the replies of the 判決，裁定 princes of India, whom Minto had 公式に 協議するd on the question of the growth of sedition. Their 返答s, published on the 21st, were a splendid manifesto of 忠義, and a 約束 of vigorous co-操作／手術 in whatever 政策 of repression the 政府 of India 提案するd.

It was （疑いを）晴らす that that 政府 must arm itself with その上の 力／強力にするs, for, as Minto wrote on 6th January, "we want above all things to 納得させる the public, both Indian and European, that we are 決定するd to do all in our 力／強力にする to 保護する the safety of individuals and to 支持する the credit of British 行政. We can afford no 延期する in doing so. We may have another 暗殺 at any moment." That other 暗殺 （機の）カム on the day 先行する the 開始 of the new 会議.

It was a season of 緊張した 苦悩, in which only the Viceroy seems to have wholly kept his 長，率いる. "The worst of it," he wrote, "is that the meaning of 乱暴／暴力を加えるs is so enormously 誇張するd at home. I wish the British public would understand that the troubles we have to を取り引きする do not mean the 可能性 of 反乱." He was very averse to その上の 国外追放s, for he believed that he had 適する 機械／機構 to を取り引きする the 危機--the 犯罪の 改正 行為／法令／行動する and the ordinary 過程s of 法律. "Speaking 率直に," he wrote later, "there was at one time a very decided slackness on the part of 地元の 政府s in 尊敬（する）・点 to 起訴s for sedition. They were much more inclined to advise 国外追放 and throw the 責任／義務 on the 政府 of India and the 国務長官, and there was a 傾向 to complain of the 証拠不十分 of our 合法的な 機械／機構, the truth 存在 that it was often ample, but that its 使用／適用 was neglected. I have done all I can to 主張する on every use 存在 made of the ordinary 法律 and to discourage 需要・要求するs for exceptional 手続き." But in January he was doubtful whether the 犯罪の 改正 行為／法令／行動する would be 十分な. "The difficulty is that the European Calcutta 全住民 is so unnerved that, if things go wrong, it may be necessary to 回復する 信用／信任 by 即座の 国外追放. I do not like 説 this sort of thing at all, but that's how it is." There was a 提案 for 戦争の 法律, made by the 指揮官-in-長，指導者, which Minto 拒否権d, and which Lord Morley said made his hair stand on end. The Viceroy decided to ask the support of the new 会議 for an 大きくするd 圧力（をかける） 行為／法令／行動する--for one main source of the mischief lay in 圧力（をかける） incitation--and at the same time to 捜し出す the earliest favourable occasion for the 解放（する） of the nine Bengalis 国外追放するd in December 1908. Lord Morley had been 圧力（をかける）ing for their 解放（する） in a トン which was not far from peevish, and with arguments which, however 正当と認められる by formal logic, were strangely remote from reality. No 疑問 it seemed an anomaly that men, whose 解放（する） had been 決定するd upon, should continue in confinement because of fresh 殺人s in which they had no complicity, but such anomalies are of the essence of practical 行政. "If this 不明確な／無期限の 拘留，拘置," the 国務長官 wrote, "until the Day of Judgment (if that be thought necessary) is what you mean by 国外追放, then I do not 推定する／予想する to find myself able to 許可／制裁 any more of it, nor the continuance of this." The argument was 純粋に academic; the facts were that 殺人s had been committed which had spread びっくり仰天 in India, that 改革（する）s were about to be put into practical 影響 which 伴う／関わるd in many 注目する，もくろむs a slackening of the reins of British 政府, and that any day fresh 国外追放s might become 必然的な. To 解放（する） 被追放者s at the moment without any new 保護（する）／緊急輸入制限s would have been a "gesture" wholly contrary to the logic of facts, and a potent 刺激 to the 流布している 苦悩.

On 25th January, in the old-world 会議 Room at Calcutta, with the portraits of 過密な住居 Hastings, Wellesley, Cornwallis, and the first Lord Minto looking 負かす／撃墜する upon him, the Viceroy opened the new 法律を制定する 会議. "He began his speech," Lady Minto wrote, "まっただ中に 深遠な silence; you might have heard a pin 減少（する）. He spoke 徐々に with more and more 強調, and when he 発表するd that whether for good or ill he alone was 責任がある the 改革（する）s, his strength and 決意 やめる carried his audience with him, and at last they broke out into an enthusiastic burst of 賞賛, a thing hitherto unheard of in the 会議 議会." He traced the 推論する／理由s for the 改革（する）s, and the さまざまな steps in their 進歩, which showed that they had sprung from the 率先 of the 政府 of India. "It is important that my 同僚s and the Indian public should know the history, the 早期に history, of the 改革（する）s which have now been 許可／制裁d by 議会. They had their genesis in a 公式文書，認める of my own 演説（する）／住所d to my 同僚s in August 1906--nearly three and a half years ago. It was based 完全に on the 見解（をとる）s I had myself formed of the position of 事件／事情／状勢s in India. It was 予定 to no suggestions from home: whether it was good or bad, I am 完全に 責任がある it." Then he turned to the 暗殺s. "I had hoped to open this new 会議 under an unclouded political sky. No man has longed more 真面目に than I have to 許す bygones to be bygones, and to 開始する a new 行政の 時代 with a clean 予定する. The course of 最近の events has cancelled the 現実化 of those hopes, and I can but 主張する that the first 義務 of every 政府 is to 持続する the observance of the 法律--to 供給する for the 現在の, and as far as it can for the 未来, 福利事業 of the 全住民s committed to its 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金--to 支配する, and, if need be, to 支配する with a strong 手渡す." These were almost the words of his 広大な／多数の／重要な-grandfather: "No man of honour at the 長，率いる of a 政府 will ever 妥協 with 反乱." He 結論するd on a more 希望に満ちた 公式文書，認める:--

"I do not for an instant 収容する／認める that the necessity of ruthlessly eradicating a 広大な／多数の／重要な evil from our 中央 should throw more than a passing 影をつくる／尾行する over the general political 状況／情勢 in India. I believe that 状況／情勢 to be better than it was five years ago. We must not 許す 即座の dangers to blind us to the 証拠 of 未来 約束. I believe that the broadening of political 代表 has saved India from far greater troubles than those we have now to 直面する. I am 納得させるd that the enlargement of our 行政の 機械／機構 has enormously 強化するd the 手渡すs of the Viceroy and the 政府 of India, and has brought factors to our 援助（する） which would さもなければ have had no sympathy with us. I believe above all that the fellow-services of British and Indian 行政官／管理者s under a 最高の British 政府 is the 重要な to the 未来 political happiness of this country."

The behaviour of the new 会議 was such as to 正当化する the hopes of the 改革者s. On 9th February the new 圧力（をかける） 行為／法令／行動する was passed, which compelled the publisher or printer of a newspaper to give 安全 for good behaviour, and laid 負かす／撃墜する that, in the event of the paper publishing 禁じるd 事柄, the 安全 might be 没収されるd, and, on the second offence, the 工場／植物 itself. An editor was 解放する／自由な to publish what he pleased, as in England, but he did it at his own 危険; in England that 危険 took the form of 義務／負債 to 損害賠償金 or 監禁，拘置, in India of the 没収 of 所有物／資産／財産. Mr. Gokhale, though he 非難するd 確かな 詳細（に述べる）s, 受託するd the 手段, only two members 異なるd from the main 原則, and the 法案 passed the 会議 without a 分割.

That same day the Viceroy 問題／発行するd orders for the 解放（する） of the Bengal 被追放者s. The loyal co-操作／手術 of the new 会議 gave him the cue which he had long sought. In a 公式文書，認める which he sent to a 同僚 who 非難するd his 決定／判定勝ち（する） occur these 宣告，判決s: "That advice (to his 会議 on the 支配する of 解放（する）) was given without any 言及／関連 whatever, either by letter or 電報電信, to the 国務長官. I did not even forewarn him of the 可能性 of 解放（する）. I 行為／法令／行動するd 完全に on my own 責任／義務, and I was 特に anxious to do so ーするために 避ける any 外見 of any documental suggestion that the 政府 of India had 行為／法令／行動するd under 圧力. As far as I am 関心d, the advice I gave my 会議 was based 完全に on what I considered best for India, 独立して of any 影響（力） in England." But he went on to point out that at any moment there might arise an agitation in 議会 for 解放（する）, to which the British 政府 might be compelled to 屈服する, and that it would be 悲惨な for the strength of 未来 政府s of India if they were dictated to from home on a 事柄 of 内部の 行政 借りがあるing to the exigencies of party politics.

There was much 批評 of the 活動／戦闘 in India, and more in Britain, by those who （刑事）被告 Minto of 存在, in the phrase of Tacitus, "suarum legum auctor ac subversor," of passing a repressive 手段 with one 手渡す and giving a licence to 悪名高い agitators with the other. The defence is obvious: it was manifestly 不正な to keep men in 捕らわれた 無期限に／不明確に because of new 罪，犯罪s which they had not committed, and the loyal 活動／戦闘 of the 法律を制定する 会議 made their 解放（する） both 望ましい and 安全な. But Minto's 公式文書，認める which has just been 引用するd did not please the 長官 of 明言する／公表する, who read him a 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な homily for imagining that he or any member of the 閣僚 had ever 勧めるd the 解放（する） of the 被追放者s from any other 動機 than strict 司法（官）. Minto gently replied that they seemed to be at cross-目的s, and that he had been answering a 明確な／細部 告訴，告発, which, if believed, would have done mischief, and not 非難するing the 国務長官. He might have 追加するd that for four years Lord Morley had been 強調するing the fact that the House of ありふれたs 治める／統治するd India, and that that House must その結果 be humoured. But indeed the question of 国外追放s and 起訴s was becoming an obsession with Lord Morley, and he 中止するd to 裁判官 things with his wonted acumen. During the 早期に summer he discovered a tenderness for Arabindo Ghose, perhaps the most dangerous man in India, and hoped that the Bengal 政府 would not 安全な・保証する a 有罪の判決 against him, and he appeared to hanker after some みごたえのある 演習 of the "温和／情状酌量 of the 栄冠を与える" in the 形態／調整 of an 恩赦，大赦 in the 古代の Oriental fashion. In June Minto was compelled to speak with 広大な／多数の／重要な frankness:--

"I can only say that under 存在するing 条件s it is an impossibility. The old Oriental 君主s 演習d their 温和／情状酌量 in different circumstances to those of the 現在の day. Their 裁判権 was 要約--they had no House of ありふれたs to answer to-they took life 自由に as it ふさわしい them, they 解放（する）d as they liked, and 拘留するd as they liked without any question. No one is a greater 信奉者 than I am in the elements of 感情 and imagination, but their 影響（力） 削減（する）s both ways. It may bring 感謝する 涙／ほころびs to the 注目する，もくろむs of the effeminate Bengali, or it may shock the spirited traditions and the warlike imagination of more manly races. The 広大な／多数の／重要な factor, as far as I have been able to 裁判官, in the success of Indian 支配者s has been strong personality 代表するd by sympathy and 力／強力にする, but sympathy and 力／強力にする must work together 手渡す in 手渡す."

IV

In April the Mintos went by way of Agra, Delhi, and Dehra Dun to the North-West Frontier, and visited Peiwar Kotal and the Kurram valley, the scene of the Viceroy's old （選挙などの）運動をする with Roberts. On this trip occurred the 出来事/事件 which has been narrated どこかよそで.*

* Footnote: See 一時期／支部 Three: "While riding through the village he met a tall bearded Pathan about whose 外見 there was something familiar . . . . "

In the first week of May （機の）カム the news of King Edward's death. Behind the stately 記念の services there was 証拠 of a sincere 国家の 嘆く／悼むing throughout India. Thirty of the （刑事）被告 in the Nasik 事例／患者 were anxious to send a message of sympathy to Queen Alexandra, and were surprised when the 刑務所，拘置所 当局 forbade it. There was a 広大な／多数の／重要な Hindu demonstration on the Maidan at Calcutta, when the Maharaja of Darbhunga pronounced a eulogy on the dead 君主. "After all that has passed," Minto wrote to the 国務長官, "I am sure you will think the manifestation of feeling most remarkable--Surendra Nath Banerji, Bhupendra Nath Basu, and Moti Lai Ghose on bended 膝s before a picture of the King-Emperor! What an emotional people! And yet the fact that they are so せねばならない give us a master-重要な to many of the secrets of 治める／統治するing them." Lord Morley's 公式文書，認める is 価値（がある） quotation:--

"He (King Edward), had just the character that Englishmen at any 率 完全に understand, 完全に like, and make any 量 of allowance for. It was 半端物 how he had managed to 連合させる regal dignity with bonhomie, and regard for form with entire absence of spurious pomp. As I told you, I had an audience just a week before he died, and the topic was one on which we did not take the same 見解（をとる）. He was very much in earnest, but not for an instant did he 中止する to be kindly, considerate, genial, nor did he 圧力（をかける） with an 原子 of anything like overweening 主張. 井戸／弁護士席, he is gone. The Queen Alexandra took me to see him yesterday, and he lay as if in natural 平和的な slumber, his 直面する transfigured by the 手渡す of 肉親，親類d Death into an image of what was best in him, or in any other 広大な／多数の／重要な Prince. I had known him off and on in さまざまな relations since he was a boy at Oxford, where I was; and it was moving to see him lying there, after the curtain had fallen and the play come to an end. The part he had played was generous and high."

合間 Lord Kitchener had arrived in London after an absence of eight years, and had been enthusiastically received. When he had his first interview with the King and was created a Field-保安官, he left his baton in the hall of Buckingham Palace, and was in a 広大な／多数の／重要な 明言する／公表する till he discovered its どの辺に. The advent of Kitchener meant that the 任命 of Minto's 後継者 could not long be 延期するd. Lord Morley 記録，記録的な／記録するs his impression of the distinguished 兵士:--

"I was a good 取引，協定 astonished, for I had 推定する／予想するd a silent, stiff, moody fellow; behold I could hardly get a word in, and he 大打撃を与えるd away loud and strong with manly gestures and high トンs. He used the warmest language, as to which I was in no need of such 強調, about yourself; it was very agreeable to hear, you may be 確かな . He has the poorest opinion possible of your 会議, not as an 会・原則, but of its 現在の members. He talked about the Partition of Bengal in a way that rather made me open my 注目する，もくろむs; for, although he hardly went so far as to favour 逆転, he was 説得するd that we must do something in bringing the people of the two 厳しいd 部分s into some 種類 of まとまり. We got on 井戸／弁護士席 enough--he and I--for nothing was said about his going to India. At night he dined alone with Haldane, and then he 表明するd his 会社／堅い 期待s with perfect frankness, and even a sort of vehemence. Haldane told him that the 決定／判定勝ち（する） would be 地雷; whatever my 決定／判定勝ち（する） might be, the 総理大臣 would 支援する it (though, by the way, I hear that the 総理大臣 本人自身で would be much better pleased if the lot fell upon K.). To-day I had an audience in high ４半期/4分の1s and 設立する the atmosphere almost torrid!"

Minto, as we have already seen, had hoped for Kitchener as his 後継者, his only 疑問s 存在 as to his shyness, his brusqueness, and the want of a wife. Mr. Asquith was in favour of the 任命, but Lord Morley was 毅然とした on the ground that at that juncture a 軍の Viceroy would be 致命的な. "My own mind has been （疑いを）晴らす enough for a long time, that Lord K., while he would be no bad Viceroy, and indeed from his 示すd personality and his fame might be an 極端に good one, still would produce an impression that might easily 始める，決める 支援する the clock that you and I have with no ordinary 労働 and 苦痛s 首尾よく 負傷させる up." To this argument Minto reluctantly assented. There was much gossip, the 指名するs of Lord Selborne, the Master of Elibank, Sir George Murray, and others 存在 投げ上げる／ボディチェックするd about by rumour. Late in June the 任命 was 発表するd of Sir Charles Hardinge, the 永久の under-長官 at the Foreign Office. On 16th June Minto wrote:--

"I cannot but feel that I am only now 開始するing to 伸び（る） an insight into many things, and that no 後継者 could start where I leave off. In many ways he will have to begin the game over again. But I hope the 広大な／多数の／重要な 原則s for which we have fought so hard are 安全な. As far as I can 裁判官, Hardinge's 任命 is excellent. I hardly know him myself, but he has a 記録，記録的な／記録する, and his family 関係 with India will stand him in good stead, for the stories of British 行政 of old days are 心にいだくd here. Lady Hardinge, too, will, I know, play a 広大な／多数の／重要な part in a world where a lady leader has 広大な／多数の／重要な and growing 適切な時期s for good."

Lord Morley 早期に in the year had told Minto of his 意向 to leave the India Office 同時に with Minto's relinquishment of the Viceroyalty, and there were 調印するs throughout the summer that the 国務長官 was beginning to 屈服する under the 重荷（を負わせる） of his work. A tartness appeared in a correspondence 以前 so 都市の, and phrases like "墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な displeasure" and "painful inadequacy" became たびたび（訪れる）. Vexatious little 出来事/事件s arose to make a 不和 in the harmony. There was the （民事の）告訴 of Mr. Ramsay Macdonald that on his Indian visit he had been 影をつくる／尾行するd and his letters tampered with; （民事の）告訴s decisively answered by the 生産／産物 of the 指示／教授／教育s to the police that there was to be no sort of 監視, and by the explanation that in the mail-捕らえる、獲得するs in the hot 天候 調印（する）ing-wax was apt to melt. A more difficult 事柄 arose in 関係 with the question of a new Education department. For this it was decided to 任命する a member of 会議 from the Indian civil service, and it was therefore possible to 任命する a man from home, as Lord Morley 願望（する）d, to the 空いている department of 商業 and 産業. He selected Mr. (afterwards Sir William) Clark, who had been Mr. Lloyd George's 長官, and was thought 井戸／弁護士席 of by the 未来 Lord Inchcape. Against Mr. Clark 本人自身で there was no word to say, but to Minto it appeared that he scarcely met the 必要物／必要条件s of the office. "The 商業の world in India," he wrote, "wants, やめる justifiably, to have an experienced 代表者／国会議員 on the Viceroy's 会議, and it will not 収容する／認める that a young 公式の／役人 from Whitehall can be in touch with its 利益／興味s. Moreover, from the Viceroy's point of 見解（をとる）, there are even stronger 推論する／理由s against such an 任命, as what he needs to 補助装置 him is not 単に departmental experience, but a wide knowledge of India and its 必要物／必要条件s. If he does not find this 援助 he must 主張する himself and 支配する alone, or with the help of an inner circle of his 会議, and that is not what is 手配中の，お尋ね者. The Viceroy does not want a pupil, but an 助言者." But Lord Morley's obstinacy (it was his own word) had been 誘発するd by the newspaper clamour against Mr. Clark and what he 述べるd as the "不当な pretensions of the I.C.S.," and, though shaken for a moment by the Viceroy's 不賛成, he 固執するd in the 任命.

But the most serious difference between India and Whitehall was the work of Mr. Edwin Montagu, the under-長官 for India, who, in his 予算 speech in the beginning of August, had this passage:--

"The relations of the Viceroy to the 国務長官 are intimate and responsible. The 行為／法令／行動する of 議会 says 'that the 国務長官 in 会議 shall superintend, direct, and 支配（する）／統制する all 行為／法令／行動するs, 操作／手術s, and 関心s which in any way relate to or 関心 the 政府 and 歳入s of India, and all 認めるs of salaries, gratuities or allowances, and all other 支払い（額）s and 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s whatever out of or on the 歳入s of India.' It will be seen how wide, how far-reaching, and how 完全にする these 力／強力にするs are. Lord Morley and his 会議, working through the 機関 of Lord Minto, have 遂行するd much. . . ."

The last 宣告，判決 roused a 嵐／襲撃する of 批評 in India, for it 主張するd unequivocally that the Viceroy was 単に an スパイ／執行官 of the 長官 of 明言する／公表する, and the 政府 of India a registry office. The doctrine was bad alike in 憲法の 法律 and in 憲法の practice. The 最高の 当局 of the 国務長官 was beyond 疑問, but, both by 法令 and custom, that 当局 had been 限られた／立憲的な to 確かな 限定された 機能（する）／行事s. Mr. Montagu was unfortunate in his statutory citations. His quotation was from the 行為／法令／行動する of 1833, but section 39 of the same 行為／法令／行動する 供給するd that "the superintendence, direction, and 支配（する）／統制する of the whole civil and 軍の 政府 of all the said 領土s and 歳入s in India shall be and is hereby vested in a 知事-General and 議員s to be styled 'The 知事-General of India in 会議." The 行為／法令／行動する which Mr. Montagu 引用するd 述べるd the 力／強力にするs of the old Board of 支配（する）／統制する, which were transferred to the 国務長官 by the 政府 of India 行為／法令／行動する of 1858. That 行為／法令／行動する in section 3 宣言するd that the 国務長官 should have and 成し遂げる the 力／強力にするs and 義務s which might have been held and 成し遂げるd by the Company and the Board of 支配（する）／統制する. What these were has been 述べるd by an 当局 whom Lord Morley was bound to 尊敬（する）・点. The Board of 支配（する）／統制する, said Mill, "is not so much an (n)役員／(a)執行力のある as a deliberative 団体／死体. The (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 政府 of India is, and must be, seated in India itself." It is （疑いを）晴らす from the 行為／法令／行動する that, while the 国務長官 had 十分な ultimate 力／強力にするs of 監督, their 演習 was 熟視する／熟考するd as the exception and not as the 支配する. As for the 受託するd practice, the reader may 協議する 一時期／支部 V. of Sir John Strachey's 広大な／多数の／重要な 調書をとる／予約する on India. In such a 事例／患者 the letter of a 法令 is いっそう少なく 権威のある than that customary 法律 which has grown up out of 緊急の practical needs. The Viceroy was the 明白な 支配者 to millions who had never heard of the 国務長官. To 減ずる him to the level of a docile スパイ／執行官 was to strike at the root of British prestige.

Lord Morley わびるd for Mr. Montagu's manner as "not felicitous," but he 固執するd to the 実体 of the doctrine. Minto contented himself with a good-humoured 抗議する, for he did not wish to 損なう his last weeks with a quarrel; but he regarded the 事柄 as one of the first importance, and, had the 出来事/事件 occurred earlier in his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office, he would undoubtedly have fought the fight to a finish. His 見解（をとる）s are best gathered from his personal letters to Sir Arthur Bigge (Lord Stamfordham), from one of which (July 5,1910) a long quotation is 正当化するd:--

"What is important is the constant 主張 by the S. of S. on his 単独の 権利 to 任命する members of 会議, together with perpetual 干渉，妨害 with the 詳細（に述べる）s of 行政 in India. By 法令 the members of 会議 are 任命するd by the King--and there is no について言及する of 推薦 by either S. of S. or Viceroy. I had much correspondence about this when I first （機の）カム out--my argument 存在 that, whilst やめる 認めるing the S. of S. as the King's 憲法の 助言者, it seemed to me reasonable to assume that it was ーするつもりであるd that the Viceroy should be 協議するd as to 任命s to his own 会議 which 関心d him more than any one else, and that 広大な／多数の／重要な 負わせる should at any 率 be given to his 反対s.M., on the other 手渡す, arrogates to himself 完全にする independence, and I am bound to say that the 任命s he has made off his own bat have been most unfortunate. I have 絶えず felt that I must depend upon myself alone with the exception of one or two 助言者s I had managed to 安全な・保証する, and that those sent me were not only useless but mischievous. As to 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事s, they are 任命するd by the King on the 推薦 of the Viceroy, and その結果 have always been considered as the Viceroy's 任命s; but though I have 後継するd in 持続するing them as such, it has been after any 量 of useless correspondence and often of useless 反対s. Besides the 損失 done to Indian 当局 by 干渉，妨害 of this sort at home, the door is thrown open to wire-pulling in England by the friends of 候補者s for 任命s, and the Viceroy is bound to feel that his advice is handicapped by that of 本人自身で 利益／興味d and unqualified persons.

"It seems to me that, as regards these high 任命s made by the King, the position of the Viceroy is so peculiar, as 存在 責任のある for the safety and good 行政 of India, and that the 当局 of the King-Emperor is so direct に向かって India itself, that the King would be fully and constitutionally 正当化するd, when such 任命s are submitted to him, in asking for the Viceroy's opinion and in 存在 大部分は 影響（力）d by it in his 決定／判定勝ち（する）. As long as I am here I cannot feel 正当化するd in 令状ing to the King about one of his own 大臣s. I must serve H.M.'s 政府 straightforwardly, but if I had been going to stay longer I should have felt bound to ask that the position of the S. of S. に向かって the G. of I. should be considered. No one except those who have been behind the scenes here knows what the 干渉，妨害 has been about every little thing. I used to imagine that the S. of S. 目的（とする）d only at directing 広大な／多数の／重要な 原則s of Indian 政策, and that the 行政 of the country 残り／休憩（する）d with the 政府 of India, but there has been 干渉，妨害 in everything. It only results in 激しい worry for the Viceroy, for, do what he will, the S. of S. cannot 治める India. . . . As a 事柄 of fact, I believe I have 伸び（る）d my point hi everything since I have been here, but it has 一般に been by not losing my temper when I should have been 完全に 正当化するd in doing so--いつかs by not answering--often by 主張するing myself in the most courteous language--and often by humouring the peculiar personality with whom I had to 取引，協定. Ever since I have been in India it has seemed to me of 決定的な importance to run the ship as best I could, 関わりなく the inexcusable troubles 投げつけるd at me from home. . . . So I have been 決定するd to sit tight, to say what I 手配中の，お尋ね者, and to get it, without raising the personal question on my own に代わって--and so far I know I have won the game--and there are only a few months more. But for the sake of the 未来 of India things must not be 許すd to go on as they are."

Lord Morley's conception of his office was in the truest sense despotic--a 先制政治 but little tempered by lip service to a 議会 which he believed he could manage. He was 用意が出来ている to 受託する a friendly Viceroy as a junior 同僚, but with these two began and ended the 政府 of India. With Minto 本人自身で he would 取引，協定, but he jibbed at the "知事-General in 会議," and he always tended to ignore the 存在 both of his own 会議 and of the Viceroy's. With little talent for practical 行政, and with an imperfect sense of those arcana imperii which are more potent than the text of 法令s, he 試みる／企てるd by fits and starts the 仕事 of direct 政府, and only Minto's stalwart 抵抗 妨げるd 災害. But the method he followed had 必然的に a malign 影響 upon the efficiency of the Indian 政府. His 政策 was in the strictest sense retrograde, a relapse into bureaucratic and personal 支配する. His 否定 to the Viceroy's 会議 of a 発言する／表明する in 外交政策 led India to take too 狭くする a 見解（をとる） of her 皇室の 責任／義務s; his substitution of 私的な communications to the Viceroy for 公式の／役人 correspondence 弱めるd the prestige and energy of her (n)役員／(a)執行力のある officers. As has been 井戸／弁護士席 said, Lord Morley 狭くするd India's 会・原則s at the 最高の，を越す while broadening them at the 底（に届く）; in the 広大な／多数の／重要な War she 苦しむd the 刑罰，罰則 of this impossible regimen, and the 報告（する）／憶測 of the Mesopotamia （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 is the best comment on its unwisdom.

The 一連の letters to Minto which Lord Morley has printed in the second 容積／容量 of his Reminiscences is a 出資／貢献 to English epistolary literature which will not soon be forgotten. But it is an anthology, not the 十分な text, and its humour and kindliness, its blend of wise saws and modern instances, its 時折の pedagogic トン as if 教えるing a 約束ing pupil, do not give the reader a fair conception of the relations between the two men. Some of Lord Morley's sagest passages are, when read in 合同 with Minto's letters which occasioned them, curiously beside the point; often his arguments are captious, the result of a 誤解; often they are 嘆願s which in practice he was compelled to abandon. An innocent suggestion that England did not readily understand Indian 条件s would elicit a spirited defence of the 全員出席の inspiration of the English people, but in a month's time the 国務長官 would be repeating the Viceroy's suggestion as his own considered opinion. Minto complains of 議会の ignorance, Lord Morley replies that no King Canute can 抑制する the ocean, Minto 再結合させるs that "we nowadays know of some most 効果的な sea-塀で囲むs," and presently the 国務長官 himself 可決する・採択するs the 態度 of a haughty Canute に向かって the tides of ill-知らせるd popular opinion. In reading the 十分な correspondence the impression grows that it was the Viceroy who from start to finish had the more 一貫した and considered 見解（をとる） of Indian problems, and that by tact and patience he invariably got his way with the 国務長官. It is difficult for a man whose 長，指導者 器具／備品 is a wide reading in the history and philosophy of politics and a long experience of party 争い to keep an even keel in the yeasty seas of foreign 行政, for the aphorisms of philosophy may be useless, since they can be 召喚するd to support either of two opposite practical 政策s. Minto's arguments are often met to begin with by 対立, buttressed by stately citations from the past; but in the end they are 受託するd and come 前へ／外へ 結局 as the ukase of the 国務長官, dressed in all the purple and gold of the literary graces.

It is necessary to make this （疑いを）晴らす, for Lord Morley's 出版（物） of one 味方する of a correspondence may 井戸／弁護士席 leave a 誤った impression. It is necessary, too, to remember that this correspondence was not always the friendly docile 事件／事情／状勢 which the letters in the Reminiscences would lead one to believe. There was much stiff and strenuous argument, and much plain speaking. But it is no いっそう少なく necessary to 強調する the 深い underlying friendliness, the 根底となる 尊敬（する）・点, sympathy, even affection of the two men for each other. As Minto's 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office drew to its の近くに he communicates to Lord Morley his feelings as 自由に as he would to a brother. Though he is tired out, he hates the idea of leaving his work before it is 完全にするd.

"I wish I could 設立する a 王朝," he 令状s. He longs to be 支援する の中で his own hills, and he finds 慰安 in the Simla landscape. "I was 後部d in the mountains and the もや, and have 苦しむd from mountain madness all my life. 頂点（に達する）s, passes, and glaciers have a fascination for me. I never saw anything so gorgeous as the 見解（をとる） of the snows here yesterday morning--a whole 範囲 of 頂点（に達する）s 非常に高い one above another against the brightness of blue skies and a dark foreground of hills and pinewoods. You must never think I don't 株 in your passion for hills and もや." And again: "You tell me when I come home I may find myself in the 騒動 of a Tibetan 審議. No, nothing will draw me into the political 円形競技場, not even the suffragettes! I shall go straight off to my own Borderland and bury my 長，率いる in the heather." He 会談, too, with the 最大の frankness about party questions at home. He 嘆き悲しむs the decadence of the 議会の system, and 嘆願d for "some sort of 連合 in the 部隊d Kingdom." Again, "Though I am 入会させるd in the 階級s of the 現在の 対立, I often feel that in many ways my inclinations are much more in （許可，名誉などを）与える with the 見解（をとる）s of your 味方する of the House. Yet I suppose in many 事柄s I am diametrically …に反対するd to them. I am afraid I am 所有するd of that infirmity--a 'cross-（法廷の）裁判 mind.'" Of Lord Spencer he 令状s: "I was a rabid anti-Home 支配者, knowing nothing whatever at all about it--and now, still knowing nothing at all about it, am half inclined to think that you and he were 権利." Lord Morley had written of the same 政治家: "If ever there was a man to go 耐える-追跡（する）ing with, it was he; and if ever I am engaged in 狙撃 tigers, I 取引 that you …を伴って me;" and Minto replied: "You don't realize how refreshing your words are. If we go tiger-追跡（する）ing together, it must, I am afraid, be after some political tiger in the Westminster ジャングル. There seems to be a large 保存する of them in that 地区."

In October the two 同僚s took leave in their letters of their high offices and of each other. "I suppose," Lord Morley 令状s, "this will very likely be my last letter to you; and somebody says that to do anything for the last time has always an element of the sorrowful in it. 井戸／弁護士席, we have had plenty of stiff （選挙などの）運動をするing together, and it is a 慰安, and no discredit to either of us, that we have got to the end of it without any bones broken, or other mischief. There was 適切な時期 enough, if we had not been too sensible. . . . About the time when you get this, you will know by wire that your famous 予測, that you and I should やめる Indian 政府 at the same hour, has come true. . . . I think five years of arduous work are a justification for 退職. And I shall have a short （期間が）わたる for serene musing on my own virtues. After all, a short （期間が）わたる will be やめる long enough for so meagre a topic." A week later Minto wrote his 別れの（言葉，会）:--

"As I look 支援する upon the years that have passed, I must say, if you will 許す me, that few people, as far as I can 裁判官, could have 異なるd so little upon big questions of 政策 and 原則 as you and I have. In fact, I really think we have hardly 異なるd at all. About questions of actual 行政, or rather of the 解釈／通訳 of (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 当局 as it should be （権力などを）行使するd at a distance from a 最高の 政府, I know we do 持つ／拘留する different 見解（をとる）s, and, when we have done so, I have always told you my opinions and the 推論する／理由 for them. We have certainly been through very 嵐の times together, and after all it is the 危険s and dangers that 強化する comradeship. No one knows 同様に as I do how much India 借りがあるs to the fact of your having been 長官 of 明言する／公表する through all this period of 開発, and I hope you will never think that I have not truly realized the generous support you have so often given me at very 批判的な moments, or that I have not 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるd the peculiar difficulties which have surrounded you at home, and from which I have been spared."

CHAPTER 12

VICEROY OF INDIA: DEPARTURE

THE 肯定的な 業績／成就s of Minto's Viceroyalty may be read by those who 捜し出す them in the many 容積／容量s of the departmental 報告（する）／憶測s of the 政府 of India. They 含む a thousand 事柄s which can only be について言及するd in such a memoir as this--事柄s of 行政の and 財政上の 改革（する）, such as the 再組織 of the 鉄道 and education departments; 政策s of 広大な／多数の／重要な social 輸入する, like the new and vigorous 試みる／企てる to grapple with the 天罰（を下す） of malaria and the 疫病／悩ます; questions of India's foreign relations, such as the 成果／努力 to 得る just 治療 for Indians in South Africa, the 論争 with the home 政府 over the 条約 with Russia, and Minto's far-sighted 代表s as to the Bagdad 鉄道, Mesopotamia, and southern Persia. Like all Viceroys, he had a frontier problem to grapple with, and a little frontier war. On the 悩ますd 事柄 of the "open" and the "の近くにd" frontier, he took up, as we have seen, the 態度 of a practical 兵士, and his 出資／貢献 to a discussion which is still unconcluded has not been excelled in 知恵; for, while he was as averse as Lord Morley to 領土の 拡張, he held that the （土地などの）細長い一片 of 国境 no-man's-land instead of 存在 a 安全 was a constant 危険，危なくする, unless British 影響（力） was brought to 耐える on it and it was within 推論する／理由 opened up to civilizing and pacifying 影響（力）s. The 戦略 of frontier defence could only be 複雑にするd by a terra incognita in which unknown mischief might at any moment 爆発する like a sandstorm in the 砂漠. One 一時的な 保護（する）／緊急輸入制限 he 供給するd, for he made of the Amir of Afghanistan an 大（公）使館員d friend. In 軍の 事件／事情／状勢s 一般に, his technical knowledge （判決などを）下すd him an efficient coadjutor to Lord Kitchener in carrying out the changes of 機械／機構 made at the beginning of his 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of office. For the Indian army he had a 深い 賞賛 and care; he 労働d, as we have seen, to give Indian gentlemen the 権利 of serving the British 栄冠を与える on equal 条件 with the British-born, and the last 派遣（する） he sent home was on this 事柄.

But it is customary to 裁判官 a Viceroy by those parts of his work which 構成する a new 出発 in 政策, which are not 単に "carrying-on" but initiation. On this 見解（をとる） Minto had to his credit two 著名な 業績／成就s. The first was that into a fevered and 乱すd India he introduced by the sheer 軍隊 of his personality a new harmony and 信用／信任. The 公式の／役人 階層制度, the educated classes, the 判決，裁定 長，指導者s, were all, in 1905, in a 明言する／公表する of 不快 and discontent. Their 神経s had been frayed by startling changes; often their feelings had been 負傷させるd by 失敗s in tact, by a 独裁的な トン 侮辱ing to their pride, by the left-handedness of an able man whose delicacy of perception was not equal to his earnestness of 目的. On this 味方する Minto was able to realize the hope which he had 表明するd before leaving England of "giving the horse a 残り／休憩（する） in its gallops." His personality alone, apart from his 行為／法令／行動するs, was soothing and engaging. He was both 信用d and liked by his 公式の／役人s, for they realized that he asked only for candour and honest service, and had no vanity to be 感情を害する／違反するd by plain 取引，協定ing; that he was 忠義 itself, and would never leave a 同僚 in the lurch. The educated Indian 認めるd in him one who believed in the 根底となる good sense of the Indian people, and who was 温かく 同情的な に向かって all that was honourable and reasonable in Indian 武器. Though he passed more repressive 法律s and 行為／法令／行動するd more 絶対 than any Viceroy since Canning, he did not lose the 信用／信任 even of the classes most …に反対するd to his 対策. Lastly, his relations with the 判決，裁定 長，指導者s were cordial and straightforward, as of one gentleman to others. They understood him as he understood them. He showed a scrupulous regard for their 権利s and dignities, and a wise 評価 of their difficulties. By his speech at Udaipur he dispelled the last 残余s of their 不信 of the 政府 of India, which had been growing up during the previous 政権, and by his personal relations he made of them 充てるd 同盟（する）s and friends.*

* The Begum of Bhopal, on receiving a letter written by the Viceroy himself, was so elated that she ordered her troopa to parade with the letter held at the saluting point, while twenty-one guns were 解雇する／砲火／射撃d in its honour.

This 面 of his 建設的な work--and there is no greater 建設的な 仕事 than to create 信用／信任 out of 不信--was まず第一に／本来 a 勝利 of character. There were not wanting critics who complained that he 統治するd but did not 治める／統治する, because he 辞退するd to turn his office into a fussy satrapy, based upon constant personal 干渉，妨害. There were critics who saw in his avoidance of pedantry and his love of sport the proof of a secondrate mind. "What can you 推定する／予想する," one of these was 報告（する）／憶測d to have asked, "when they send out as Viceroy of India a pleasant-spoken gentleman who jumps hedges?" The critic was blind to the （一定の）期間 which, since the world began, has been 演習d by honesty, 親切, and 簡単. Minto's was not a subtle character, for it was built on 幅の広い and simple lines, but his 質s were those which men at the 底（に届く） of their hearts prize most, and he had a rare 力／強力にする of communicating them. Good 産む／飼育するing is happily not uncommon, but Minto's was of that rare type which the French call politesse du coeur. He was friendly to everybody, because he liked everybody; and he could 裁判官 men shrewdly because he had learned the ways of human nature not only in an office but on the turf, in the 追跡（する）ing field, in many wars, and in much travelling in strange countries. Old Ayub 旅宿泊所, the 勝利者 of Maiwand, who had been given an interview, 宣言するd: "The Viceroy rained gentlemanliness upon me." Sir George Roos-Keppel wrote: "If I had a son I would ask you to let him come and stay for a month at Minto ーするために show him what a perfect English gentleman should be." Bhupendra Nath Basu, who might be considered an unprejudiced 証言，証人／目撃する, said, "The Viceroy has the 力／強力にする of 製図／抽選 out the best 味方する of a man, because he makes them feel affection for him." To the long-descended 長，指導者s he was one whose every taste and 質 they whole-heartedly understood. They 尊敬（する）・点d him as a 罰金 horseman and a bold shikari, and after his sedentary 前任者s rejoiced in a Viceroy who galloped on to the parade ground; they admired the unhesitating courage which made him 扱う／治療する an 試みる／企てる at 暗殺 as a trifle and take the 危険 of 運動ing through 狭くする streets to show his 信用 in the people. Old Sir Pertab, after his fashion, put it all 負かす／撃墜する to good family. "Viceroy has good pedigree. Why for sending man no pedigree? I not buying horse no pedigree, not buying dog no pedigree, not buying buffalo no pedigree, why for man no pedigree?" But lest 判決，裁定 長，指導者s should be held to be biased, we may 引用する from Mrs. Besant's words when in September 1910 Minto visited the Hindu college at Benares:--

"It will help you to understand the real nature of the Viceroy if I tell you what happened. . . . When he got into the carriage at the 駅／配置する surrounded by guards, it went at a gallop through Calcutta streets. Reaching 政府 House, he asked why such a strange pace was 可決する・採択するd. The answer was, 'Your Excellency, there is danger in the streets.' 'Is that the way to 会合，会う danger, as if you were running away from it?' 'Your Excellency, we 除去するd the Indian guards and 取って代わるd them with Scots.' 'Take the Scots away and put on my Indian guards. If we do not 信用 Indians, how can we hope Indians will 信用 us?' This when Calcutta was seething with excitement, and he was not alone, but with his wife and children. He tried to draw the two nations together in spite of the difficulties. He 相続するd many sad traditions, and the wave of life 広範囲にわたる over India showed itself in many objectionable forms. He rightly struck 負かす／撃墜する 暴力／激しさ, but did not 辞退する the gift of self-政府. He has done what few would do in the 中央 of danger and 批評. He kept a straight course. Flawless 司法（官） and perfect courage laid the 創立／基礎s of self-政府 within the Empire. Of his own 率先, taking 十分な 責任／義務, he 始める，決める 解放する／自由な the 被追放者s. A man so strong, far-seeing, and 静かな, who makes no 誇る, says little, does much, is the best type of English gentleman."

On the eve of his 出発 a high 公式の／役人 wrote to him: "May I 追加する a humble 尊敬の印 to your 傷をいやす／和解させるing 力／強力にする. India cried aloud for a healer, and there is not a man in the British Empire who could have 傷をいやす／和解させるd India as you have done." "傷をいやす／和解させるing" is the appropriate word to 述べる the 影響（力） of his character. In spite of the tumult of events he had 後継するd in giving the horse a 残り／休憩（する） in its gallops, for he 演習d a balancing and 穏健なing 力／強力にする, sweetened the acerbities of life, and 静めるd 苦悩s. He radiated a simple kindliness, and 受託するd 批評, 誤解, and 始める，決める-支援するs with a smiling 直面する and an unshaken heart. Lord Canning in his troubled years of office 宣言するd that he had become "a moral rhinoceros as regards the world 捕まらないで." Minto had the same proof armour, woven not of callousness but of 簡単. It is an idle 仕事 to compare one Viceroy with another, for there is little uniformity of 条件s. Minto did not belong to the school of those who come to India with 確かな preconceived 政策s, or those who have far-reaching ideals wedded to lively personal ambitions--a combination which is apt to induce hurry and 暴力／激しさ. If we 捜し出す a 平行の in temperament it will be 設立する in his own 広大な／多数の／重要な-grandfather, or in some 人物／姿／数字 like Lord Mayo, whom he 似ているd in his geniality, his love of sport, and his invincible sangfroid. For the successful 行政官／管理者 the intellectuel is not needed, nor the egoist; a Viceroy should 所有する the 肉親，親類d of ability 要求するd of a Viceroy, and what this is some 宣告，判決s of Mr. Rivett-Carnac's, speaking of Lord Mayo, will show. "Your clever man is not what is 手配中の，お尋ね者. Such a one will probably be 十分な of fads, and will rub every one up the wrong way in his 願望（する） to 主張する himself and make himself important, and in doing so will overlook the necessity of keeping the 政府 machine working 刻々と and 静かに. If you 雇う a very clever man, the 影響 will be somewhat the same, as I have seen it 述べるd, as using a sharp pen-knife in cutting the leaves of your 調書をとる／予約する. The very sharp blade will run off the line and 開始する to 削減（する） out curves on its own （許可，名誉などを）与える, 独立した・無所属 of direction. What is 手配中の，お尋ね者 for the 目的 is in the nature of a good, solid, sound paper-knife, which, working 刻々と through the 倍のs of the pages, will do its work honestly and neatly."

But, if we put Minto's gifts of character as the basis of that 建設的な work which consisted in bringing a spirit of harmony out of discord, we must 始める，決める beside them the other 業績／成就 which was based upon vigorous 力／強力にするs of mind. He had to 直面する a 広大な／多数の／重要な 緊急 and 工夫する a 治療（薬） to 会合，会う it. The questions of the 改革（する）s and the 扱うing of sedition were really one. He had to 診断する a 普及した 不安, check with a 会社／堅い 手渡す its 純粋に mischievous elements, and relieve what was worthy and reasonable. He でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd a 計画／陰謀 from his own diagnosis, and that 計画／陰謀 was put into 影響; the 改革（する）s were まず第一に／本来 his work, and to him must belong whatever 長所 or demerit history may 割り当てる to them. There can be no 否定するing that they met the 即座の 危機. Minto did not believe in the 可能性 of a universally contented India. The land would continue in travail, for West and East were 製図／抽選 の近くに together, and in their 会合 lay endless 可能性s of 争い. His 仕事 was to 立法者 for the 現在の and the 即座の 未来; all beyond that was in the （競技場の）トラック一周 of the gods. The 改革（する）s 実行するd the 目的 for which they were でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるd. They 満足させるd the 即座の ambition of educated Indians, they checked the 影響（力） of the professional 政治家，政治屋s, and for a little they 溺死するd 国家主義 in 地方の and 地元の 感情. But they did not 廃止する all the 原因（となる）s of 不安, and in India no system of the 肉親，親類d could hope for permanence. The old secret anarchy remained, 弱めるd but alive, and there was the eternal difficulty--that education had created, and was creating, a class far larger than the 適切な時期s of 雇うing it.

In the 改革（する）s there were obvious points of danger. An immovable (n)役員／(a)執行力のある and an irresponsible 立法機関 do not, によれば the teaching of political philosophy and the lessons of history, make for harmony. The 任命 to high (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 地位，任命するs of Indians of one race or creed, would, in a land of racial and 宗教的な 競争, antagonize those of another race and creed. These 反対s were considered at the time and 解任するd, for, however 重大な they might be, they were not final, and 確かな 危険s must be taken in all 憲法-making. Minto had no wish to 追加する a Brahmin 官僚主義 to an English; his 目的（とする） was 簡単に to 除去する a 障壁 to capacity which he felt to be 侮辱ing, and so to 可能にする the co-操作／手術 of the best brains of the two races. The 改革（する）s, again, must be read in 合同 with his 政策 に向かって the 判決，裁定 princes, and with his settled 決意 to stamp out cruelty and 罪，犯罪. He was aware of the dark worships of the Hindu pantheon, which might 炎 into a sudden madness--the 解雇する／砲火／射撃s smouldering beneath the 溶岩 crust. But he believed, too, in the ありふれた-sense and decency of the 広大な／多数の／重要な 集まりs of the Indian people, and while 用意が出来ている for the worst he sought to give 激励 to the best.

All 憲法の 実験s must in one sense sooner or later fail. If they are 有機の things they must be outgrown and superseded. It is probably true to say that even before the 突発／発生 of the 広大な／多数の／重要な War, which produced a 化学製品 change so that no 選挙権を持つ／選挙人 was left unaltered, the 改革（する）s were in need of 改正--the more as they were not …を伴ってd by that firmness and consistency in (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 政府 which Minto had postulated. Both Viceroy and 国務長官 deprecated too long a 見解（をとる） in such a 事柄; 十分な unto them the day, and the day after to-morrow. Could the two men now look 支援する from those Elysian Fields which were always in Lord Morley's mind, and see the course of India, in what light would they regard their 成果／努力s? To Minto there would be 確かな grounds for satisfaction. He would rejoice at the 広大な／多数の／重要な 業績／成就 of India in the War, and in the fact that at last to Indians had been opened British （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限s in the King's army. He would not be surprised at the continuance of the North-West frontier problem, for he had never believed that Britain's 政策 there gave any chance of a final 解決／入植地. But both men would be puzzled, and a little perturbed at the dyarchy of the Montagu-Chelmsford 計画／陰謀, and somewhat 懐疑的な of its continuance. We can imagine Lord Morley 引用するing some high phrase of Burke's about "広大な／多数の／重要な varieties of untried 存在," and shrugging his shoulders. Both would 収容する／認める--since they 絶えず 認める it to each other--that 改革（する） in India had no 直す／買収する，八百長をするd 限界s, and that the 広大な／多数の／重要な War with its loud 約束s of self-決意, 受託するd literally by many peoples who had no self to 決定する, made some bold 前進する 必然的な. The ironic spirit of The Dynasts has brooded so long over the modern world that we have 中止するd to marvel at paradoxes, but a paradox the two would most certainly consider the 現在の 政府 of India. 代表者／国会議員 政府 they believed in, but to both responsible 政府, even a truncated 見解／翻訳／版 of it, would be a startling thought, for each conceived of India, in Mill's words, as "a kingly 政府, 解放する／自由な from the 支配（する）／統制する, though 強化するd by the support, of 代表者／国会議員 会・原則s." Minto would be the first to 回復する from his surprise; for, since he did not trouble 大いに about theories, a theoretic 革命 would shock him the いっそう少なく. About India he held the same 見解（をとる） as he held about the British Empire, that 進歩 must come おもに by (n)役員／(a)執行力のある co-操作／手術, and for that 推論する／理由 he regarded the 新規加入 of native members to the 会議s as the most potent of the 改革（する）s. But it was always his habit to 直面する facts, and, had he read in the facts the need for a long stride 今後 in India's education in the 責任／義務s of 政府, he would not have shrunk from it. It is 重要な that in one of his last letters to Lord Morley he 宣言するd his 見解（をとる） that the 未来 problems of India would be 会計の and 経済的な, 事柄s 直接／まっすぐに 関心ing the 暮らし of her people, and that in these native opinion must have a controlling 発言する／表明する. He would have assented to any change which 約束d a real 前進する in 適切な時期s for political education, though he might have had qualms about a system which 招待するd constant 行き詰まるs, and therefore the 復活 of the reserved 独裁政治 of the 政府.

But there was one proviso which he would have made, and in which Lord Morley would have solemnly joined. He realized that the real 需要・要求する in India was not for irrelevant slices of the British 憲法. The Indian 穏健な asked not for 僕主主義, but for Indianization, the 極端論者 for "国家の" independence, and though the first could in large 手段 be 認めるd, the second was on the facts impossible. In a land so remote from true 統合，差別撤廃 the only 国家の 政府 must be British 政府. The status of an 自治権のある dominion for all India was, in India's 利益／興味, 信じられない. If one may 裁判官 from his letters, he would have gone far in the direction of 地方の 自治 where there was a homogeneous race to be dealt with, but he would never have 降伏するd the 権利 to 干渉する and the 義務 to 監督する. "Blow hot or blow 冷淡な as you please," the Nizam once said to Sir Harcourt Butler, "but never forget your strength." "I am bent," the 長官 of 明言する／公表する told the Viceroy, "on doing nothing to 緩和する the bolts." We have seen that when Lord Morley had said in a moment of 疲労，（軍の）雑役 that, if 改革（する） could not save India, nothing would, Minto had replied trenchantly that India would not be lost, 改革（する） or no, for in the last 訴える手段／行楽地 Britain would fight for her and 勝利，勝つ. This was the 根底となる 原則 of both men--that the 巨大な 本体，大部分／ばら積みの of the Indian people cared not a straw for politics, but depended for their very lives on the continuance of British 当局, and that any talk of giving up India was a mischievous 背信 to 国家の honour, to civilization, and to the world's peace. Always, or at all events for any period within the 予測（する） of the human mind, Britain must be 責任がある that Indian Empire which she had created out of 相反する creeds and races, and 保持する in the last 訴える手段／行楽地 the 力／強力にする of 施行するing her 命令（する）s. This 強健な 約束 was held by Minto and Lord Morley alike; without it Indian 改革（する）s would have seemed to them no more than a drifting に向かって the cataract.

As a 要約 of Minto's viceroyalty a memorandum may be 引用するd which Sir Harcourt Butler, the most 充てるd of his 中尉／大尉／警部補s, wrote に向かって the の近くに of 1919:--

"To a captivating grace of manner and unerring tact he 追加するd a peculiar gift of putting one at 緩和する. He was 利益／興味d in and courteous and considerate to all. He drew the best out of men because he looked for the good in them. There was nothing 軍隊d in this. It seemed natural to him. Nothing mean or petty could live 近づく him for any length of time.

"He will long be remembered as the 共同の author of a 計画／陰謀 of 改革（する）s for 内部の India, and as the originator of a new 政策 and spirit in the relations between the 政府 of India and native 明言する／公表するs. Nothing new is popular in an intensely 保守的な country like India. Both 改革（する）s were 非難するd at the time for going too far, and later for not going far enough. Both were 奮起させるd by 深い and sincere 評価 of the changes at work in India. No one now questions the 知恵 of Lord Minto's 政策 に向かって native 明言する／公表するs. It has been 可決する・採択するd and developed by his 後継者s. As regards the 共同の 改革（する）s, I said 公然と at Meerut on July 15,1918, and repeat here:--

"'You have been told that the Minto-Morley 改革（する）s were doomed to 失敗 and have failed. With all 尊敬（する）・点 to those who 持つ／拘留する this 見解（をとる）, I must say that this is not my experience as 副／悪徳行為-大統領，／社長 of the 皇室の 法律を制定する 会議, as 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 of Burma, and as 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 of the 部隊d 州s. In my experience, and this was the 表明するd opinion of Lord Hardinge, the Minto-Morley 改革（する）s have been successful. They have been a 価値のある training to Indian 政治家，政治屋s and have 用意が出来ている them for another 今後 move. The (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 政府 has been far more 影響（力）d by the discussions in 会議 than is popularly imagined, and the 審議s have been 持続するd at a really high level. Occasionally time has been wasted. Occasionally feeling has run high. Of what 議会 cannot this be said? I was led to believe that in our 法律を制定する 会議 I should find a spirit of 対立 and 敵意 to 政府. I have 設立する, on the contrary, a responsive and reasonable spirit. Indeed, I go so far as to say that it is the very success of the Minto-Morley 改革（する）s that makes me most 希望に満ちた in regard to the 未来 course of 改革（する）.'

"This also I may say. As a 改革者 Lord Minto showed not once but on many occasions high courage, patience, and clearness of 見通し. He was as 絶対 straight in his public as in his 私的な life. He took large-minded and generous 見解（をとる）s of things. He met formidable difficulties with a rare sense of 義務. 'If I 辞職する, に引き続いて the 活動／戦闘 of my 前任者,' he once said to me, 'the office of Viceroy will be lowered for ever.' He never hesitated to do what he thought the 権利 thing. . . .

"Working under him I was struck by his sagacity and sense of 司法（官）. He reminded me of an elephant, which will not tread on rotten ground. Once he had 収穫d the facts of the 事例／患者 in his mind his judgment was seldom wrong. There was no 限界 to the trouble that he would take to master facts when any question of 司法（官） was 関心d. Again, more than any one under whom I have served, he had the gift of seeing 'the other fellow's point of 見解（をとる）.' 'Think how that letter will read at the other end,' he often used to say in 訂正するing the abruptness of 公式の／役人 communications. He was a 広大な／多数の／重要な sportsman, and up to the last he admired a spirit of adventure. He used to 引用する some lines on the spirit of adventure written by my uncle (Arthur Butler) at a time when people wrote to the 圧力（をかける） about the dangers of 登山. He always supported frontier officers or officers in distant places who took reasonable 危険s.

"Looking 支援する on Lord Minto as 政治家, 行政官／管理者, gentleman, sportsman, man of the world, and constant 肉親，親類d friend, I can truly say of him:--

"'He was a man, take him for all in all, I shall not look upon his like again.'"

II

As the time of leave-taking approached there were hourly proofs of the 悔いる of every class in the community. The rotation of Viceroys has always been a puzzle to the Indian native, who looks for permanence in his 支配者s. Said one tiny 相続人 to a native 明言する／公表する: "Why is the Lat Sahib going to leave us? Is it because he wants the Gods to let him live on a 広大な／多数の／重要な 石／投石する horse in the Maidan like the other Lat Sahibs? The 広大な／多数の／重要な Queen asked the Gods to let her come to India too, and she sits and watches over them from a 議長，司会を務める." One Indian tradesman 旅行d from Hyderabad to say 別れの（言葉，会）, 発表するing that the "Viceroy has ぱらぱら雨d water on the people after the 解雇する／砲火／射撃 which he 設立する." The Maharaja of Darbhunga, the greatest of the Bengal zemindars, Lady Minto's diary 記録，記録的な／記録するs, "As he was leaving the room, flung himself on his 膝s, 除去するd his cap, and begged Rolly to bless him."

In October Simla saw a succession of 別れの（言葉，会） dinners--a Scots dinner on the 11th, and on the 14th a 祝宴 at the 部隊d Service Club, where Minto took occasion to review the years of his Viceroyalty. It was almost the best of his speeches, because it 含む／封じ込めるd not only a just 要約 of his work, but his whole political creed and philosophy of life. One passage may 井戸／弁護士席 become a part of the unwritten 手動式の of British 行政の 知恵, worthy to 階級 with Dalhousie's famous 説 that "to 恐れる God and to 恐れる nothing else is the first 原則 even of worldly success."

"The public, 特に the public at home, not fully 熟知させるd with Indian difficulties, has, perhaps not unnaturally, been unable to distinguish between the utterly different problems and 危険s that have 直面するd us. The necessity for 取引，協定ing with reasonable hopes has been lost sight of, while every 乱暴／暴力を加える that has occurred has been taken as indicative of the general 明言する／公表する of India. And throughout its time of trouble every 活動／戦闘 of the 政府 has been 支配するd to microscopic examination, to a running 解雇する／砲火／射撃 of newspaper 批評, to questions in 議会, to the advice of travellers who have returned home to 令状 調書をとる／予約するs on India after a few weeks' sojourn in the country--while sensational headlines have helped to 解雇する／砲火／射撃 the imagination of the man in the street, who in his turn has cried out for 'strong 対策,' 関わりなく the meaning of his words, and for a 'strong man' to 施行する them. Gentlemen, I have heard a good 取引，協定 of 'strong men' in my time, and I can only say that my experience in all our anxious days in India has taught me that the strongest man is he who is not afraid of 存在 called weak."

It was the last occasion when he would 会合，会う the 代表者／国会議員s of the public services, and he could not leave his old 同僚s without emotion.

"I have told you my story--I have told it to you who have been my fellow-労働者s and comrades in troublous times, who have helped me to steer the ship through many dangerous 海峡s--the men of the 広大な／多数の／重要な services which have built up the British Raj. We may perhaps at times have thought 異なって as to the course to be steered--it could not be さもなければ--but you have stood behind me loyally, and I thank you. I leave India knowing 十分な 井戸／弁護士席 that you will perpetuate the 広大な／多数の／重要な traditions of British 支配する--perhaps with few 適切な時期s of much public 賞賛, but with the inestimable satisfaction that you are doing your 義務."

On 16th November Minto held his last review in Calcutta, and told General Mahon that "it had 生き返らせるd the memories of service in the field in the years gone by and the wish that it would all come over again." That night there was a 祝宴 at the Turf Club, when Minto 解任するd his 早期に racing career in a speech which has already been 引用するd,* and two days later a 広大な／多数の／重要な dinner at the Calcutta Club, when Mr. Sinha 提案するd his health and he replied by pleading for the 廃止 of a foolish race 障壁 in ordinary social relations: "国家の and racial differences of thought and ways of life there must be, but a good fellow is a good fellow all the world over."

* See 一時期／支部 2: ". . . . your welcome and your 別れの（言葉，会） to a fellow-sportsman. . . ." On the 21st the guns 発表するd the arrival of the new Viceroy, and two days later, a little after noon, the Mintos left Calcutta. I take the description of the scene from Lady Minto's 定期刊行物:--

"I tried to feel as stony as possible, but tearful 注目する，もくろむs, the 圧力 of the 手渡す, and a 'God bless you' are enough to upset one. A 広大な／多数の／重要な many Indian friends （機の）カム to 企て，努力，提案 us 別れの（言葉，会）--the Maharajas of Gwalior, Kashmir, Bikanir, Benares, Jodpur, Kurupam, Gidhour, Burdwar, Darbhunga, Vizianagram, the Prince of Arcot, and （人が）群がるs more whose 指名するs I can't 対処する with. By 12:15 the halls were packed, and Rolly and I took twenty minutes, literally fighting our way through the people. I can never 述べる the enthusiasm. . . . At last we reached the 最高の，を越す of the marble steps, and walked for the last time over the red carpet between the two lines of the splendid 護衛. The Hardinges stood at the foot of the steps, and we both bade them a most cordial 別れの（言葉，会） . . . and I made them each a curtsey and wished them good luck. He seemed やめる 打ち勝つ, and it really was a moving sight, the enormous 護衛する and a guard of honour, and the steps thronged by this wonderful concourse of people. . . . Scindia and Bikanir 圧力（をかける）d our 手渡すs in both their own, but they couldn't speak. We passed through the gates where the 禁止（する）d was 駅／配置するd playing 'Auld Lang Syne.' . . . As we drove through the streets packed with 観客s, 元気づける after 元気づける rang out, and occasionally I caught sight of a 直面する I knew at some window or on a balcony. Howrah 橋（渡しをする） was beautifully decorated with palms, as was also the 鉄道 駅／配置する; a few 公式の／役人s met us there, and I 設立する my carriage a bower of flowers. まっただ中に 元気づけるs we steamed slowly out of the 駅／配置する, and sat 負かす／撃墜する with a sigh of 救済, but with very mixed feelings of 悲しみ and gladness. A wonderful 一時期／支部 in our lives is ended. The guns にわか景気d out our 出発, and 発表するd the 取り付け・設備 of the new Viceroy."

They arrived at Bombay on the afternoon of the 25th, and after a final 歓迎会 by the native community at Convocation Hall, where Mr. Gokhale 提案するd their healths, they drove to the Apollo Bundur. There stood Sir Pertab Singh, with 涙／ほころびs rolling 負かす／撃墜する his cheeks, and speechless with emotion. At sunset they 乗る，着手するd in the R.I.M. steamer Dufferin, and moved away from the shores of India.

"The evening was a gorgeous one. The sky was a 深い orange, and the glow was 反映するd on the sea. The dark spires and buildings of Bombay stood out in sharp 救済. Then （機の）カム the twilight, and along the coast the lights 炎d out in a myriad twinkling 注目する，もくろむs, turning the darkened 集まり into a city of 解雇する／砲火／射撃. A 広大な／多数の／重要な 静める pervaded the atmosphere, and we sat on in the ever-増加するing gloom till the beacons of 炎上 from the 回転するing lighthouses faded away like 星／主役にするs in the heavens. Nature seemed to understand our mood, and I could not have wished to 企て，努力，提案 a more perfect 別れの（言葉，会） to the shores of India. The East has cast her 魔法 （一定の）期間 around us, and nothing can ever fascinate me やめる in the same way again."

In every such leave-taking there must be both solemnity and sadness. Of the latter the smallest part was the laying 負かす／撃墜する of 広大な／多数の／重要な office and becoming again one of the （人が）群がる, for, as Walter Savage Landor has written, "外部の 力／強力にする can 影響する／感情 those only who have 非，不，無 intrinsically." But there was the parting with old friends, the unlacing of armour, the sense that a 広大な／多数の／重要な 時代 in one's life was over. There was the bidding 別れの（言葉，会） to a staff of which any Viceroy might have been proud, a staff perfect in its 公式の／役人 capacity, and working harmoniously, unselfishly, and devotedly for the success of the 政権. Yet mingled with 悔いるs was that knowledge of a thing 井戸／弁護士席 完全にするd which is the highest of mortal 楽しみs. Lady Minto had been the 組織者 of 広大な／多数の／重要な 企業s of charity and social 福利事業; she had, in the words of the Aga 旅宿泊所, "humanized the homes of which she had been for five years the chatelaine;" she had made warm friends in every class and 州; and she had been to her husband a constant source of 知恵 and sympathy.* Minto himself left India with his work honoured by all competent to 裁判官, and, though he had had his troubles with the 政府 at home, he could not complain of neglect and 失望／欲求不満--unlike Dalhousie who, 手足を不自由にする／（物事を）損なうd, heart-broken, and dying, limped on board a wretched cockle-boat of six hundred トンs, which was all that England could spare for one of the greatest of her servants. He left with the priceless boon of a 静かな mind. 患者 and 審議する／熟考する in arriving at a 結論, he had no 悔いるs for a 選び出す／独身 決定／判定勝ち（する）. He told his wife, as the Bombay lights sank astern, that, had he those five years to live again, he would do nothing 異なって, that he wished no 選び出す／独身 行為／法令／行動する undone, no 選び出す／独身 word unspoken.

(* A 詩（を作る） or two may be 引用するd of a poem 演説（する）／住所d to Lady Minto which appeared in the Empire in February 1910:--

Lady, あそこの at your husband's 味方する for years An Empire's 重荷（を負わせる） like a queen have borne, You have 設立する smiles for them that joy, and 涙／ほころびs For them that 嘆く／悼む.

You, when the 暗殺者's deadly 目的（とする） had failed, No 調印する of terror to our 注目する，もくろむs 陳列する，発揮するd; And in your 仕事 at danger never quailed, Regal and unafraid. . . .

We have no 星／主役にするs nor jewels to bestow, Nor honours that shall make your 指名する to live; But what of love and 感謝 we 借りがある, That we can give.

A people whom your care has helped shall be For ever mindful of a noble 指名する, And in their hearts enthroned by memory Shall live your fame!)

When the Mintos reached Port Said, they 設立する there, to their delight, Lord Kitchener, who had travelled in haste from Smyrna to 会合，会う them. At Dover they were met by Dunlop Smith, and at Victoria by Sir Arthur Bigge, Lord Morley, Lord 乗組員, Lord Roberts, and a 広大な／多数の／重要な concourse of family and friends. Minto was 迎える／歓迎するd on his arrival by a letter from the Lord 市長 of London 申し込む／申し出ing him the freedom of the City. Four days later they both lunched at Buckingham Palace, and Minto was 投資するd with the Order of the Garter.

He was eager to get 支援する to his 国境 home, which in all his Indian years had been rarely absent from his thoughts. There was no heather in 中央の-December to bury his 長，率いる in, but he had a wish to 完全にする the 回路・連盟 of his 旅行 where his 広大な／多数の／重要な-grandfather had failed.* の中で the papers of the first Lord Minto there is a pathetic bundle, 含む／封じ込めるing the 計画（する）s for his home-coming; over this his 未亡人 had written the words "Poor fools!" The 運命／宿命s were kinder to his 子孫. At Hawick there was a guard of honour from the King's Own Scottish Borderers and the Lothians and 国境 Horse, and the provost and town 会議 were on the 壇・綱領・公約. Denholm, the little village at the park gates, was 燃えて with lights and decorations, and in a 行列, …を伴ってd by ゆらめくing たいまつs and pipers, the party moved up the long avenue to Minto House, where the oldest tenant 現在のd an 演説（する）／住所 and he heard again the 井戸／弁護士席-loved 国境 speech. Above the doorway were the words "安全な in," a phrase from his own kindly pastoral world. The far-wandering Ulysses had come 支援する to Ithaca.

* See Introductory: ". . . . he died on the first 行う／開催する／段階 of that happy northward 旅行 of which for seven years he had dreamed. . . . "

CHAPTER 13

CONCLUSION

IT has always been the fashion for a British proconsul on his return home to give a public account of his stewardship, and in this 事例／患者 the occasion selected was the 贈呈 of the freedom of the City of London. On February 23, 1911, the 儀式 took place in the presence of many friends and 同僚s, such as Lord 乗組員, Lord Morley, Lord Midleton, Lord Cromer, Lord Lansdowne, Lord Strathcona, Mr. Asquith, and Mr. Austen Chamberlain. Minto in his speech carefully 避けるd 事柄s of 論争, but in his sketch of his years of office he 繰り返し言うd the 原則s which he had followed--the need in India of "separating the sheep from the goats," of に引き続いて a 二重の 政策 of 行政の 改革（する） and the 施行 of disciplinary 法律. He thought it 権利 to 強調する the necessity for an elastic 行政 on the part of Britain in the new 時代 which was beginning.

"It is an 時代 in which I 堅固に believe the 政府 of India--in India--will continue to grow in strength, in 返答 to Indian sympathy and support. But it is an 時代 also in which its relations with the central 政府 of the Empire will 要求する to be directed with a very light 手渡す. The 政府 of India is, of course, 完全に subservient to the 国務長官, and must be so in 尊敬（する）・点 to the 承認 of political 原則s and the 就任（式）／開始 of 幅の広い lines of 政策. But the daily 行政 of the 政府 of the country can only be carried on efficiently and 安全に by those to whom long and anxious experience has given some insight into the コンビナート／複合体 and mysterious surroundings of the people committed to their 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金. India cannot be 安全に 治める／統治するd from home. Any 試みる／企てる so to 治める／統治する it in these days of 早い communication, when collusion between 政党s in India and 政党s in England is not difficult, and when その結果 the 政府 of India may be 悩ますd by political 影響（力）s to which it should never be exposed, can only end in 災害. No one admires more than I do the generous impulses of the people of England in 尊敬（する）・点 to the just 政府 of their fellow-支配するs, of whatever race, in every part of the Empire; but Western 方式s of 治療 are not やむを得ず applicable to Eastern grievances. No Viceroy, however eloquent he may be with his pen, can portray to the 国務長官 thousands of miles away the picture which lies before him. He can, perhaps, 述べる its rugged 輪郭（を描く）s, but the ever-changing lights and shades, which must so often 影響（力） his instant 活動／戦闘, he cannot 再生する. He and his 会議 can alone be 安全に ゆだねるd with the daily 行為／行う of 事件／事情／状勢s in the 広大な 領土s they are 任命するd to 治める."

At the 昼食 which followed Lord Morley paid a final 尊敬の印 to his 同僚. "Lord Minto could 反映する with 信用／信任 that he had left behind him in India high esteem, large general regard, and warm good-will. The 広大な／多数の／重要な feudatories and native princes had 設立する in him a genial, sincere, and 影響を受けない good-will. The Mohammedans 尊敬（する）・点d and liked him. The Hindus 尊敬（する）・点d and liked him. The political leaders, though neither Lord Minto nor the 国務長官 agreed in all they 願望（する）d, had perfect 信用／信任 in his constancy and good 約束. The Civil Service, not always averse from 批評, admired his courage, patience, and unruffled equanimity. He really got on consummately 井戸／弁護士席 with everybody with whom he had 商業, from the Amir in the fastnesses of Afghanistan 負かす／撃墜する to the imperious autocrat who for the moment was 国務長官 in the fastnesses of Whitehall. Having come 支援する from the banks of the ギャング（団）s, he 設立する on the banks of the Thames a cordial 評価 and generous 承認 of his fulfilment of a 広大な／多数の／重要な 国家の 義務. His 前任者, Lord Curzon, a man of powerful mind and eloquent tongue, had said that a man who could bring together the hearts of sundered peoples was a greater benefactor than the 征服者／勝利者 of kingdoms. Lord Minto was する権利を与えるd to that 賞賛する." The same evening he wrote to his friend: "I cannot go to 残り／休憩（する） to-night without a word of congratulation. It ends a 一時期／支部 in the day's 罰金 儀式 that is infinitely to your honour and credit, and I have a 権利 to use language of this sort, because I do really know all the difficulties with which you have had to 競う, and which you have so manfully 打ち勝つ. I shall always be proud of your 肉親，親類d words about me. We have had a 広大な／多数の／重要な （選挙などの）運動をする together, and I believe more than ever to-day, when you have been in my visual 注目する，もくろむ, that we have been good comrades and shall remain good friends. May you and Lady Minto have long and unclouded days."

The days were not 運命にあるd to be long. Minto was now a man of sixty-five, and with his marvellous 憲法 and his vigorous habits might 井戸／弁護士席 have looked 今後 to a hale old age. But his 労働s in India had worn 負かす／撃墜する even his アイロンをかける strength, and taken a 得点する／非難する／２０ of years from his life. After the Mansion House 儀式 he went for three weeks to Corsica, and visited the house in Bastia where the first Lord Minto had lived in 1794. Lady Minto 述べるs in her letters the high rooms and windows overlooking the sea, and the garden 十分な of orange blossom. "The whole place to our imagination seemed peopled with Sir Gilbert, Lady Elliot, Nelson, Hood, and Jervis. It was wonderful to feel that after all these years Lord Minto's 子孫 should have discovered this remote house and should be gazing at the same 反対するs that had been so familiar to his 広大な／多数の／重要な-grandfather. . . . We called on the 子孫 of Pozzo di Borgo, Sir Gilbert's old friend, and saw the 十分な-length picture of his ancestor, a smaller replica of which hangs at Minto. The 現在の Pozzo told us that the 指名する of Elliot was still remembered in Corsica." After that （機の）カム spring in the 国境s, a happy and 平和的な season, in which the only noteworthy event was the 贈呈 of the freedom of the City of Edinburgh in April.

The season in London was a succession of dinners, 私的な and 公式の／役人. At the dinner of the Central Asian Society Minto 宣言するd his belief that Indian 産業s were する権利を与えるd to a reasonable 保護, a speech which alarmed both Lord Morley and Mr. Austen Chamberlain. "Morley afraid for 自由貿易," the 定期刊行物 公式文書，認めるs, "Austen apprehensive for Manchester--yet both admitting that I had spoken the truth." At the Asquiths' he met Louis Botha, whom he 述べるd as "most manly and attractive." The 機動力のある Infantry dinner gave him the keenest 楽しみ, for his old hobby was still の近くに to his heart. "The toast of my health was enthusiastically welcomed, and things were said which I treasure more than I can say, and shall never forget. It took me 支援する to the old days, and I longed to have them over again." He 統括するd at the Newspaper 基金 dinner, when Lord Kitchener, who was not 傾向がある to the dithyrambic, gave eloquent 表現 to his affection:--

"Lord Minto needs no words of 賞賛する from me to 強化する his position in the hearts of his countrymen, for I 投機・賭ける to say that there are few living men whose services to the Empire have been greater and more 価値のある than those of the 支配する of my toast. Two 広大な／多数の／重要な countries can 耐える 証言 to his 行政の genius, his modesty, his 産業, and, above all, to his knowledge of human nature and his warm sympathy with all those さまざまな races it has fallen to his lot to 支配する. It is to these 質s that the 広大な／多数の／重要な success of his 政府 in such different surroundings as Canada and India has been おもに 予定. But if I was asked what 質 above all others I would ascribe to Lord Minto, it is that of pluck; not mere physical pluck, although of that he has shown innumerable proofs, but the greater 質 of moral pluck. There comes always to a public man a time when the 権利 course is not the most popular course; in such 事例／患者s I have never known or heard of Lord Minto 重さを計るing 人気 in the 規模 against what he has considered 権利 and just: and I 投機・賭ける to say that this 質 is one without which no man can 達成する true greatness as an 行政官／管理者. . . .

"I can speak with perhaps more intimate knowledge of his career as a 兵士, as we more than once served in the same （選挙などの）運動をする. I feel sure that, had he stuck to 軍の life, he would have 達成するd the highest honours my profession could give him, though perhaps not such a distinguished position as he now 持つ／拘留するs. Lord Minto in his 軍の career was 徹底的な and no メダル hunter or 探検者 after a 兵士's 泡 評判; and the メダルs he wears were always won in the hardest and most arduous services in each （選挙などの）運動をする. . . .

"During his 任期 of office as 知事-General of Canada and Viceroy of India the world closely followed his 政策, and as one who was nearly associated with him in India, and perhaps to a 確かな extent behind the 隠す, I can only say that my 賞賛 of his able statesmanship in somewhat difficult times was unbounded. Few Viceroys have been able to impress so favourably the Princes of India, and in his 同情的な 治療 of the natives, 同様に as of the officers and men of the Indian Army, he 得るd and 保持するd the affectionate regard and esteem of the whole country."

In June Minto received the 名誉として与えられる degree of Doctor of 法律s at Cambridge, his first visit to those 管区s since he had taken his bachelor's degree in racing 道具 forty-five years before. At the 載冠（式）／即位（式） in that month he was one of the four peers who held the panoply over the King. In July he saw Eton 勝利，勝つ the Ladies' Plate at Henley in 記録，記録的な／記録する time, with his younger son Esmond as cox, and a week later was in 命令（する） of the 退役軍人s in the review at Holyrood during the 王室の visit. It was the year of the acrimonious 審議s on the 議会 法案, and in August the 手段 reached the House of Lords, when Lord 乗組員 発表するd that, should it be 敗北・負かすd, the King had given the Prime 大臣 his 約束 to create as many new peers as might be necessary to pass it into 法律. Minto, little as he liked the 法案, liked the 代案／選択肢 still いっそう少なく, and having no taste for melodramatic intransigence, 投票（する）d with the 政府--a 訴訟／進行 which brought him a deluge of letters, half of which 述べるd him as a 反逆者 and half as a 愛国者.

The autumn and winter were spent at Minto, broken by a visit to Eton in December to 明かす a portrait of Lord Roberts. He was settling 負かす／撃墜する into the 決まりきった仕事 of a country gentleman--狙撃, an 時折の day with hounds, dinners at the Jed Forest Club, the 管理／経営 of his 広い地所s--and was induced to 受託する the convenership of the 郡 of Roxburgh. But the peace of Minto was impaired by an enormous correspondence with friends in India, for an ex-Viceroy cannot divest himself of 事柄s which for five years have 独占するd his life. With the vagaries of home politics he was not 大いに troubled, but Indian 政策 深く，強烈に 関心d him. He was alarmed at the 提案 to 逆転する the partition of Bengal, he 不信d the 知恵 of moving the 資本／首都 to Delhi, and, above all, he felt that the 協会 of these steps with the coming visit of the King-Emperor to India was to put upon the 君主 the direct 責任／義務 for a 疑わしい 計画／陰謀. In February 1912 he went to London for the Indian 審議 in the House of Lords, where he supported Lord Curzon in his 批評 of the Delhi move. His speech was in a high degree tactful and wise, and earned general commendation as that of a man who spoke only from a sense of 義務 and with 非，不，無 of the vanity which has いつかs made ex-Viceroys 批判的な of the doings of their 後継者s.

Minto had been elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh University, 敗北・負かすing Lord 乗組員, and in January 1912 he was the guest of honour at a University dinner. The 選挙 gave him peculiar 楽しみ, for if the 国境s were the cradle, Edinburgh had been the nursery of his forbears. In March he was elected to the Athenaeum Club under 支配する II. "I don't think," his brother Arthur wrote, "I have ever seen so much unanimity at an 選挙." 合間, in February, "Cat" Richardson had died. Minto saw him just before the end, and his 定期刊行物 記録，記録的な／記録するs his sense of loss.

"My oldest friend gone. I cannot say what a wrench it is--the link with so many recollections, and with a life which seems now to have belonged to another world. We had been friends ever since we went to Cambridge. A change seems to have come over my world, and it is not the same now he has gone out of it. He was a splendid fellow, by far the best and most polished rider I ever saw, and not only very excellent at all games, but 所有するd of brilliant natural ability. . . . In any line of life he might have taken up he would have held a 真っ先の place の中で his fellow-men."

In the summer he was much in London, and a good 取引，協定 at a house he had taken on the river 近づく Windsor. The autumn at Minto was restful--parties of Indian and 軍の friends, much 狙撃 and 追跡（する）ing, and the modest cares of the 広い地所. No man who has been blessed with a sound 団体／死体 will 収容する／認める readily that its 軍隊s can fail, and as late as March 1913 we find 追跡（する）ing 公式文書，認めるs in the diary like this: "I got a most abominable 投げ上げる／ボディチェックする. I hope I am not losing my 力／強力にする of gripping. Certainly it was a detestable place, and I was at the 最高の，を越す of the 追跡（する）. . . ." But presently it became （疑いを）晴らす that his ill-health was no trivial thing, that his strenuous Indian years were inexorably 需要・要求するing their price. The 定期刊行物 grows scrappier, and it is only the passing of a friend that moves him to an 入ること／参加（者）. Such was Lord Wolseley's death in March--"By far our greatest 兵士; and perhaps the greatest service which he has （判決などを）下すd to this country has been the example of his own personality." The last 宣告，判決 would be a not 不適切な epitaph for the writer himself.

We need not ぐずぐず残る over the year during which his 団体／死体 was dying of its 負傷させるs, for to those who knew his eager vitality it is hard to think of Minto on a sick-bed.* From April 1913 he was continuously unwell. He 回復するd to some extent, and in the autumn was able to welcome a few friends at Minto. But with the 開始 of 1914 he became 厳粛に ill, and on the first day of March the end （機の）カム. Since a death in 戦う／戦い was 否定するd him, it was the passing that he would have chosen, for he drew his last breath in his 古代の home with his family around him. When he received his last Communion he said, "I have tried to be loyal to my God and my King," and his dying words were 滞るd messages of love to the wife and children who had so warmed and lit his house of life. * Footnote: Minto in his illness often referred to some lines by Professor Blaokie, which he 宣言するd 含む／封じ込めるd his 自白 of 約束:--

"Creeds and 自白s! High Church or the Low I cannot say; but you would vastly please us, If with some pointed Scripture you could show To which of these belonged the Saviour Jesus? I think to all or 非，不，無: not curious creeds Or ordered forms of churchly 支配する He taught, But soul of love that blossomed into 行為s With human good and human blessing fraught. On me nor Priest, nor Presbyter, nor ローマ法王, Bishop nor Dean may stamp a party 指名する; But Jesus, with His 大部分は human 範囲, The service of my human life may （人命などを）奪う，主張する. Let prideful priests do 戦う／戦い about creeds, The Church is 地雷 that does most Christlike 行為s.

He was buried in the little churchyard of Minto, which looks に向かって the blue hills of Teviotdale. The 圧力（をかける） 布告するd the 業績／成就s of his public life, but it is by the simple, homely, often broken messages of 弔慰 received by his wife that the magnitude of the affection he 奮起させるd may be 裁判官d. Lord Kitchener, always chary of superlatives, called him 簡単に "the best, most gallant, and able 行政官／管理者 that England ever produced," and a brother-officer wrote: "I do not believe that any man ever passed away, or ever will do so, leaving more behind him who will from the very 底（に届く） of their hearts say 'Dear Minto.'" That is not how men 一般的に 令状 of the esteemed and the successful; it is more like the lament of 青年 for 青年.

Minto died on the very eve of the 広大な／多数の／重要な War. He was by training and taste a 兵士, and that profession was always dearer to his heart than any other, but 運命／宿命 had sent him nothing but minor （選挙などの）運動をするs. It is いつかs given to a son to realize the ambition of the father, and the little boy whom we have seen in a 広大な／多数の／重要な sun-helmet touching the proffered sword-hilt of the old Raja of Nabha and 約束ing when he grew up to 保護する that 明言する／公表する, was 運命にあるd to a part in the sternest 実験（する） of manhood which the world has known. Once, at Agra, the Begum of Bhopal took Esmond's 手渡すs in hers and told him that he would be a 広大な／多数の／重要な lord sahib one day and do much for the British Empire. The prophecy （機の）カム true, for he gave his all for his country, and in a 簡潔な／要約する time 実行するd the ends of life. At Eton he had coxed the Eight for three years, and had lived in the 日光 of that affection which young men give to one who 連合させるs infinite humour and high spirits with modesty and kindliness. On the 突発／発生 of war he joined the Lothians and 国境 Horse, and presently, a boy scarcely out of his teens, he was in フラン as A.D.C. to General Geoffrey Fielding, then 命令（する）ing the Guards 分割. He could not 耐える to remain a staff officer, so in June 1916, during the 戦う／戦い of the Somme, he joined the Scots Guards, and in October was gazetted to the second 大隊.

There never was a happier 兵士 or one more 明確に born to the 貿易（する） of 武器. His gallantry was remarkable even の中で gallant men, he was supremely competent in his work, and in the darkest days his debonair and gentle spirit made a light around him. Alike over his men and his brother-officers he cast a （一定の）期間, which was far more than a mere 感染 of cheerfulness, for, as one wrote, he made other people ashamed of all that was ignoble. He was given some of the roughest 構成要素 for his platoon, because the most troublesome old 兵士 became docile under his 影響（力）. His men made an idol of him, and would have followed him blindly to any hazard. When one of them went on leave his comrades used to （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 him to bring 支援する some little 現在の for Esmond. Once, when volunteers were called for a （警察の）手入れ，急襲, only a few （機の）カム 今後, till it became known that Esmond was to be in 命令（する）, when the whole platoon volunteered and most of the company. "When the war is over and these Scotsmen return to their homes," an officer wrote, "they will tell their people of the wonderful boy who （機の）カム to them in フラン, and who showed them what could be 達成するd by goodness."

Courage and devotion such as his could scarcely escape the nemesis which in those years overtook the flower of 青年. The end （機の）カム during the Third 戦う／戦い of Ypres, when he was selected to 命令（する） his company in the ざん壕s. すぐに after midnight on August 6, 1917, there was an 約束／交戦 between pickets, and while reconnoitring the 状況／情勢 Esmond was 発射 through the chest by a chance 弾丸. A little later he died in the （疑いを）晴らすing-駅／配置する, 平和的に and without 苦痛. In a short space he had lived 大いに, and had left an 影響（力） which will fructify in the lives of those who knew him long after the memory of the war is 薄暗い. The noble monument which 祝う／追悼するs him at Minto stands 近づく the tall cross which 示すs his father's 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な. It is the 記念の of two 兵士s fallen in 武器 that 会合，会うs the 夜明け coming over Cheviot from the eastern seas.

A life of 目だつ public 業績／成就, spent 大部分は in the 扱うing of 広大な／多数の／重要な 事件／事情／状勢s, belongs even in its own day to history, and must be 査定する／（税金などを）課すd by other canons than personal friendship. The 政治家 plays for high 火刑／賭けるs, and is 裁判官d by a high 法廷. In the service of the 明言する／公表する two 著名な types stand out, each with its 株 of 長所s and 欠陥／不足s. The first is the man of searching and introspective intellect, who has behind him the treasures of the world's culture. Such an one has 熟考する／考慮するd and meditated upon the whole history of politics, he is 法外なd in good literature, his mind by constant 使用／適用 has become a tempered 武器, so that easily and competently it attacks whatever 団体／死体 of knowledge 現在のs itself. A new problem to him has familiar elements, for it is 関係のある to kindred problems in the past, and he has in his memory large 蓄える／店 of maxims and precedents. For 確かな 事柄s of statecraft such a mind will be of superlative value--事柄s principally where exact science, whether 合法的な, 経済的な, or 憲法の, is the prime factor. Imagination, too, and the balance which a wide culture gives, will rarely be absent. In politics the pure intellect has its own splendid 機能（する）／行事s which only folly will decry. But there is a danger that a man of this type, though he may be the parent of ideas which have an 耐えるing 力／強力にする over humanity, will fail in the day-to-day 商売／仕事 of 政府. He may live too much in the world of 調書をとる／予約するs and thought to learn the ways of the 普通の／平均（する） man, so that he 欠如（する）s the gift of personal leadership. He may speak a tongue, like Burke, too high and noble for the commonplace 商売／仕事 he has to 行為／行う; he may 落ちる into the snare of 知識人 arrogance and 過度の subtlety, so that, like Shelburne or George Canning, his very brilliance 産む／飼育するs 不信; or he may be betrayed into an impractical idealism which （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域s its wings in the 無効の. If he 行方不明になる the human touch, his place is in the library and not in the 会議 or the field, for, though he may move the 未来 world by his thought, his personality will leave his 同時代のs 冷淡な.

In the other type the human touch is the 支配的な gift. The second man will always be a leader, but he will lead by character and not by mind. He has a large masculine ありふれた sense, an 正確な notion of what can be 達成するd in an imperfect world, a 罰金 and equable temper, good humour, patience, and an honest opportunism. His very foibles will be a source of strength; his 質s and tastes will be 正確に／まさに comprehended by everybody; he will be popular, because no one will feel in his presence the uncomfortable sense of 知識人 inferiority. Lord Palmerston might be taken as an instance, but a better is Lord Althorp, who 大部分は carried the 改革（する） 行為／法令／行動する of 1832 by his 人気. That "most honest, frank, true, and stout-hearted of God's creatures," as Lord Jeffrey called him, had the 真っ先の 影響（力） in political life of any man of his 世代, and he won it not by 広大な／多数の／重要な knowledge, for he had little, or by 広大な／多数の／重要な dialectical 力／強力にするs, for he had 非，不，無, but by the atmosphere of 正直さ, unselfishness, and humanity which he diffused around him. To such a leader England will always 答える／応じる, for he has the characteristic virtues of her people. But he has also their characteristic faults. He is without a creed in the larger sense; he is incapable of the long 見解（をとる） and the true 視野, for he has no 評価 of 原則s; and in コンビナート／複合体 事柄s he will be too simple and rough-and-ready to 会合，会う the needs of the 事例／患者. He may serve his day 井戸／弁護士席 enough with 手渡す-to-mouth expedients, but he will lay 負かす／撃墜する no 継続している 創立／基礎 for posterity.

Such are the two extremes in talents and temperament. A just mixture is needed in the work of 治める／統治するing, but it is proper that the second should have the larger 株. The 権利 character is more 必須の than the 権利 mind; or, to put it more 正確に／まさに, the 権利 disposition will 後継する, even though the 知識人 器具／備品 be 穏健な, 反して high 知識人 力／強力にする, not conjoined with the requisite character, will assuredly fail. Minto, as we have seen, had the normal education of his class and no more; he had not, like Lord Morley, many 議会s in his memory 蓄える／店d with theory and knowledge. But he had what was more important for his 仕事, a strong natural 知能, not easily befogged by subtleties, an 知能 which had a 著名な 力／強力にする of cutting clean to the root of a problem. He had a flair for the 必須の, which was in itself an 知識人 gift, not indeed working by コンビナート／複合体 過程s of ratiocination, but 簡単に the result of a strong mind accustomed for long to 演習 itself vigorously on practical 事件／事情／状勢s. We see it in Canada--his instant perception of the proper sphere of the 知事-General, his wise 評価 of the Alaskan 絡まる, his infallible 憲法の probity. We see it in India--his diagnosis of the 不安, his understanding of the コンビナート／複合体 interplay of creeds and races, his instinct as to when to relax and when to 強化する the rein, his doctrine of the true relation of 国務長官 and Viceroy. We see it in his 見解（をとる） of the 開発 of the British Empire--his ready assent to the 原則 of 植民地の 国家主義, his 早期に 現実化 that the hope of the 未来 lay not in 法律を制定する 連合 but in an (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 同盟. We speak of a flair, but let us remember that such a flair is no blind instinct, no lucky guess, but the consequences of 推論する／理由ing 非，不，無 the いっそう少なく の近くに and cogent because it is not 正式に 始める，決める out. He 裁判官d calmly and 正確に because his 力／強力にするs of mind were strong, and in no way 弱めるd by that theoretic distraction which often besets the professed intellectuel.

Such talents are inestimable in the 商売／仕事 of life, and they are essentially the talents of the British people--the landowner, the merchant, the plain 国民; that is why we have always had so rich a 貯蔵所 to draw on for the 行政 of the country and the Empire. When raised to a high 力／強力にする, the result is some 広大な／多数の／重要な 業績／成就, like the 解決／入植地 of Egypt and the union of South Africa. Both Cromer and Louis Botha had this gift for 簡単にするing the コンビナート／複合体, and by concentrating on the 必須の bringing order out of 混乱. They, like Minto, made no pretensions to academic 優越; their 原則s were a sober deduction from facts, and their brilliance was 明らかにする／漏らすd not in dazzling theories or glittering words but in the solid structure which they built. Their 質s of mind won them 信用／信任, because they were always comprehensible, the 質s of the ordinary man on the heroic 規模. Much the same may be said of Minto. He had the endowments of the best 肉親，親類d of country gentleman raised to a high 力／強力にする, and it may 公正に／かなり be argued that in the art of 政府 these endowments are the most 価値のある which the 明言する／公表する can 命令（する） for its service--the more 価値のある because they are not rare and exotic growths, but the 中心的要素 of the 国家の genius.

Character plays the major part in the life of 活動／戦闘, and Minto's we have seen 明らかにする／漏らすd in a variety of 実験（する）ing circumstances. A nature always modest, generous, and dutiful was broadened and toughened by his 早期に life on the turf. The career of a gentleman-(v)策を弄する／(n)騎手 has doubtless its drawbacks, but it is a school of 確かな indisputable virtues. A man starts on a level with others and has to 努力する／競う without favour. He learns to take chances coolly, to cultivate 安定した 神経s and the 力／強力にする of 早い 決定／判定勝ち（する）; and he acquires in the 過程 a rude stoicism. He 会合，会うs human nature of every sort in the rough, and learns to 裁判官 his fellows by other 基準s than the 従来の. Such a man may be a philistine but he will rarely be a fool, and Minto was 保存するd from the hardness and narrowness of the ordinary sportsman by his 自由主義の education, the cultivated traditions of his family, and his perpetual 利益／興味 in the arts of politics and war. 肉体的に he was handsomely endowed by nature, for apart from 広大な／多数の／重要な good looks he had perfect health and an amazing vitality, so that he was always eager for work and adventure. Nor had he any foibles or eccentricities of temper. He looked on the world cheerfully and sanely, wholly untormented by egotism, with a ready sense of humour--even of boyish fun, and also with the modest soldierly 信用／信任 of one who could forget himself in his 仕事.

All who （機の）カム in 接触する with him fell under the （一定の）期間 of his simple graciousness, for he could not have been discourteous had he tried. But those who saw much of him soon realized that his charm of manner was only the 索引 of an inner graciousness of soul. This deeper charm sprang from two impressions which he left on all who had to を取り引きする him. One was of unhesitating bravery. It was 信じられない that under any circumstances he should be afraid, or should hesitate to do what he believed to be 権利. The physical 味方する was the least of it, for most men of his antecedents have that 肉親，親類d of courage; far rarer and more impressive was his moral fortitude. In Canada he could …に反対する all those whose esteem he most valued in a 事柄 where an 皇室の officer and the 地元の 政府 （機の）カム into 衝突; in India he could 形態／調整 a course in direct 対立 to the prejudices of his own 軍の and 冒険的な worlds, and choose in the 追跡 of his 義務 to earn the imputation of 証拠不十分. The other impression was of a 深遠な goodness--honour as hard as 石／投石する, and mercifulness as plain as bread. 深い in his nature lay an undogmatic 宗教, a simple 信用 in the 知恵 and beneficence of God, and in the 約束 which he had learned in his childhood. It was a 兵士's creed, unsullied by 疑問, and it gave him both fearlessness and tenderness; though far enough from the rugged Calvinism of Dalhousie, it had the same moral inspiration. His 査定／評価 of values in life had the justness which comes only from a sense of what is temporal and what is eternal, and at the same time this （疑いを）晴らす-sightedness was mellowed always by his love of human nature. He 裁判官d himself by 厳格な，質素な 基準s, but the 残り／休憩（する） of mankind with abundant charity.

Few men have had a happier and fuller life, which was indeed his 予定, for he had a 最高の talent for living. An adventurous 青年, a middle age of high distinction, a delightful family circle, innumerable 大（公）使館員d friends, a temper which warmed the world around him--the gods gave their gifts in ample 手段. Looking 支援する upon his career, it is 著名な how little in 必須のs he changed. The man who smoked out a 賭事ing den at Cambridge was the same man who put 負かす／撃墜する his foot about the Punjab 植民地s. Nor did the boy in him ever pass, for at whatever age he had died he would have died young. He had indeed to the 十分な the two 緊張するs which we have seen in his race--the 速度(を上げる） and 解雇する／砲火／射撃 of the old Liddesdale Elliots and the practical sagacity and balance of the Whig lords of Minto. It is a combination that is characteristic of the 国境s, which were never 傾向がある to a 狭くする fanaticism, and which rarely lost a 確かな genial 寛容 and a gift for mirthfulness and the graces of life. Of this the greatest of Borderers, Sir Walter Scott, is an example, and Minto had something of the same central 知恵, 連合させるd with the same ready ear for the fife and clarion. The union makes for happiness and for 業績／成就, and is perhaps the best that can be 設立する in the "difficult but not desperate" life of man.

"Blest are those Whose 血 and judgment are so 井戸／弁護士席 commingled."

INDEX

ABDTJE RAHMAN
Abercrombie, Sir Ralph (Lord Dunfermline)
Afghan War, the
Afghanistan
Aga 旅宿泊所, the
Alaskan Question, the
Ale, river
Althorp, Lord
Alverstone, Lord (Sir Richard Webster)
Arabi
Ardagh, Sir John
Argyll, Duke of
Armour, Mr. 司法（官）
Arundel, Sir A. T.
Ashburnham, Harriet Lady
Astley, Sir J.
Asquith, Mr. H. H.
Aylesworth, Mr. A. B.

BALFOUR, Earl of (Mr. A. J. Balfour)
Baroda, the Gaekwar of
Bartholomew the Englishman
Batoche
Behawalpur
Bentinck, Lord George
Bentinck, Lord William
Beresford, Lord Charles
Beresford, Lord Marcus
Beresford, Lord William
Besant, Mrs. Annie
Bhopal, the Begum of
Bigge, Sir Arthur (see Lord Stamfordham)
Bikanir
Birkenhead, Earl of (Mr. F. E. Smith)
血, Sir Bindon
Boorde, Andrew
Borden, Sir Frederick
Borden, Sir Robert
国境 機動力のある ライフル銃／探して盗むs, the
国境s, the Scottish
Borthwick, Sir Algernon (Lord Glenesk)
Botha, General Louis
Bourassa, Mr.,
Brodrick, Mr. St. John (see Midleton, Earl of)
Bryce, Lord
Bucoleuch, family of
Buccleuch 追跡（する）, the
Burke, Edmund
Burnaby, 陸軍大佐 Fred
Butler, Rev. Arthur G.
Butler, Sir Harcourt
Butler, Dr. Montagu

CAMBRIDGE
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry
Canada (see under Minto, 4th Earl of)
Canning, Lord
大砲, Joe
大砲, tom
Carlist Army, the
Cavagnari, Sir Louis
Chamberlain, Mr. Austen
Chamberlain, Mr. Joseph
Chermside, Sir Herbert
Churchill, Mr. Winston
Clark, Sir William
Cleveland, 大統領
Colley, Sir George
Commune, the Paris
Corlett, Mr. John
Corsica
Creagh, Sir O'Moore
Cromer, 1st Earl of
Curzon, 1st Marquis (Mr. George Nathaniel Curzon)

DALHOUSIE, 1st Marquis of
Dane, Sir Louis
Darbhunga, Maharaja of
Dawnay, 吊りくさび
Disraeli, Mr. (Earl of Beaconsfield)
Doughty, Dr. A. S.
Douglas, Lord Francis
Drummond, Major-General Laurence,
Duff, Sir Beauchamp
Dufferin, 1st Marquis of
Dumont, Gabriel
Dundonald, 12th Earl of
Durham, Lord

EDE, George
Edward VII., H.M. King
Egyptian （選挙などの）運動をする, the (1882)
Elliot family, origin of
Elliot, Arthur
Elliot, Lady Eileen (Lady Francis Scott)
Elliot, Esmond
Elliot, Lieut.-陸軍大佐 Fitzwilliam
Elliot, Gavin, of Midlem Mill
Elliot, Gilbert, of Stobs
Elliot, Sir Gilbert, 1st Baronet
Elliot, Sir Gilbert, 2nd Baronet
Elliot, Sir Gilbert, 3rd Baronet
Elliot, Sir Gilbert, 4th Baronet (see Minto, 1st Earl of)
Elliot, Sir Henry
Elliot, Hugh (the 外交官／大使)
Elliot, Mr. Hugh
Elliot, Lady Ruby (Countess of Cromer)
Elliot, Lady Violet (Lady Violet Astor)
Eton

FISHER, Mr. Sydney,
Forbes, Archibald
Fraser, Sir Andrew
French Canadians, the
Fuller, Sir Bampfylde

GALLIFET, General
George V., H.M. King
Gladstone, W. E.,
Godley, Sir Arthur (Lord Kilbraeken)
Gokhale, Mr.
Gordon, General Charles
Graham, Captain Harry
Grand 国家の, the
Grandin, Bishop
Grenfell, Francis
Grey, Albert, 4th Earl
Grey, General Charles
Grey, Henry, 3rd Earl
Grey, Viscount (Sir Edward Grey)
Guards, the Scots

HABIBULLAH
Haldane, Viscount
Hamilton, Lord George
Hardinge of Penshurst, Lord
Hardy, Mr. Thomas
Hartopp, Captain
Hastings, 過密な住居
Heathfield, Lord
Henley
Herschell, Lord
Hislop, Lady
Hislop, Lieut.-General Sir Thomas
Hobhouse, Sir Charles
Home 支配する, Irish
Hope, Sir Edward
Hutton, Lieut.-General Sir Edward

IBBETSON, Sir Deuzil
Indians in Canada, the

JAMESON, Sir Starr
Jameson （警察の）手入れ，急襲, the
Jersey, 7th Earl of
Jette, Sir Louis
Jind
Jodhpur

KASHMIR
Keir-Hardie, Mr.
King, Mr. W. Mackenzie
Kitchener, F.-M. Earl
Kruger, 大統領

LAHORE
Lansdowne, 6th Marquis of
Lariston
Laurier, Sir Wilfrid
Legard, Cecil
Lesley, Bishop
Liddesdale
Limber
Lloyd George, Mr.
Loch, Lord
宿泊する, Mr. Henry Cabot
Lonsdale, 5th Earl of
Lyons, Lord
Lyttelton, Mr. Alfred

MACDONALD, Sir John
Macdonald, Mr. Ramsay
Macdonnell, Lord
Machell, Captain
M'Kinley, 大統領
M'Mahon, Sir Henry
Manners, Lord
Maude, Sir Stanley
Mayo, 6th Earl of
Melgund, Lord (see Minto, 4th and 5th Earls of)
Methuen, F.-M. Lord
Middleton, General
Midleton, 1st Earl of
Mill, John Stuart
Mills, General Nelson
Milner, Lord
Minto, 1st Earl of
Minto, 2nd Earl of
Minto, 3rd Earl of
Minto, Gilbert John, 4th Earl of, birth and childhood; Eton; Cambridge;
gazetted to Scots Guards; his steeplechasing career; in Paris during
Commune; visits Carlist Army; work with 国境 機動力のある ライフル銃／探して盗むs;
candidatures for 議会; Russo-Turkish War; in Afghan War; life in
London; in South Africa with Roberts; death of his mother; the Egyptian
（選挙などの）運動をする; marriage; 軍の 長官 in Canada; in Riel 反乱;
冒険的な reminiscences; succession to earldom; life at Minto; 任命するd
知事-General of Canada; work for Canadian Defence; Canadian
次第で変わる／派遣部隊 for South Africa; the Hutton 事件／事情／状勢; the Dundonald 事件／事情／状勢;
見解（をとる）s on 皇室の union; the Alaskan difficulty; visit to the Yukon;
society and sport in Canada; work for Canadian 記録，記録的な／記録するs; 出発 from
Canada; 要約 of 知事-Generalship; 任命するd Viceroy of India;
arrival in India; relations with Lord Kitchener; the partition of Bengal;
exception of the 改革（する） 計画／陰謀; visit to North-West Frontier; speech to
Mohammedan 代表; visit to Kashmir; 歓迎会 of Amir of
Afghanistan; the Punjab 植民地s question; the Anglo-ロシアの 条約;
visit to マドラス and Burma; the Hobhouse （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限; the Zakka Khel
rising; 対策 to を取り引きする Indian 不安; the Jodhpur Durbar; the
改革（する） 法案 passed; the 国外追放s; the 開始 of the new 法律を制定する
会議; last visit to North-West frontier; Mr. Montagu's speech; 要約
of Viceroyalty; 出発 from India; receives the Garter; Mansion House
speech; the 議会 法案; Lord Rector of Edinburgh University; death;
character and 業績／成就s
Minto, 5th Earl of
Minto, Mary Countess of
Minto, Nina Countess of
Minto House,
Moncreiff, Lord
Montagu, Mr. Edwin
Montagu-Chelmsford 計画／陰謀, the
Morley of Blackburn, 1st Viscount (Mr. John Morley)
登山
機動力のある Infantry, the (see also under Volunteers)
Mulock, Sir William
Muzaffarpur 殺人s, the

NABHA
Nicolson, Sir Arthur (Lord Carnock)
Nizam of Hyderabad, the
North-West frontier of India, the
Norton, Mrs.

OSBOBNE, Mr. John (n.)

PALMERSTON, Lord
Parkin, Sir George
Patiala
政治家-Carew, Lieut.-General Sir R.
Police, the Canadian North-West 機動力のある
Pozzo di Borgo
Primrose, Sir Henry

RED RIVER 探検隊／遠征隊, the
Rhodes, Cecil
Riarden, Sergeant
Richardson, John Maunsell
Riel 反乱, the
Ripon, 1st Marquis of
Roberts, F.-M. Earl (Sir Frederick Roberts)
Robinson, Sir Hercules (Lord Rosmead)
Roosevelt, 大統領
Roos-Keppel, Sir George
Root, Mr. Elihu
Rosebery, Lord
Russell, Lord John
Russia
Russo-Turkish War the

SALISBURY, Lord
Saunderson, 陸軍大佐
Scindia, Maharaja
Scot of Satchels
Scott, Mr. F. W.
Scott, Sir Walter
Seddon, Mr. Richard
Seeley, Sir John
Singh, Sir Pertab
Sinha, Lord
Smith, F. E. (see Birkenhead, Earl of)
Smith, Goldwin
Smith, Sir James Dunlop
South Africa
South African War, the
Southwell, Rev. H. Q.
Spencer, Lady Sarah
Stamfordham, Lord
Stewart, F.-M. Sir Donald
Stobs, family of
Strachey, Sir John
Strathcona, Lord
Stuart, Lady Louisa
Sudan 探検隊／遠征隊, the (1884)

TASHI LAMA, the
Tarte, Mr. イスラエル
Teviot, river
Thompson, Sir John
Tongsa Penlop, the
Townshend, Charles
Turner, 上院議員

VICTORIA, H.M. Queen
Volunteers, the

WALKEB, Horace
War 特派員s, position of
War, the 広大な／多数の／重要な
Warre, Dr.
Webster, Richard (see Alverstone, Lord)
Wellesley, Marquis
Wellington, Duke of
Willcocks, General Sir James
Wolseley, 1st Viscount (Sir Garnet Wolseley)
支持を得ようと努めるd, Sir Evelyn
Woodford, F.-M. Sir Alexander
Wyllie, Sir W. Curzon

YUKON question, the

ZAKKA KHEL rising, the

The End

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Lord Minto, A Memoir by John Buchan

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