PREFACE TO THE GERMAN EDITION
Alfred Marshall, on whose 原則s of 経済的なs all
同時代の English 経済学者s have been brought up, was at
particular 苦痛s to 強調 the 連続 of his thought with
Ricardo's. His work 大部分は consisted in 汚職，収賄ing the ごくわずかの
原則 and the 原則 of substitution on to the Ricardian
tradition; and his theory of 生産（高） and 消費 as a whole,
as 際立った from his theory of the 生産／産物 and 配当 of
a given 生産（高）, was never 分かれて expounded. Whether he
himself felt the need of such a theory, I am not sure. But his
即座の 後継者s and 信奉者s have certainly dispensed with
it and have not, 明らかに, felt the 欠如（する） of it. It was in this
atmosphere that I was brought up. I taught these doctrines myself
and it is only within the last １０年間 that I have been conscious
of their insufficiency. In my own thought and 開発,
therefore, this 調書をとる／予約する 代表するs a reaction, a 移行 away
from the English classical (or 正統派の) tradition. My 強調
upon this in the に引き続いて pages and upon the points of my
相違 from received doctrine has been regarded in some
４半期/4分の1s in England as unduly 議論の的になる. But how can one
brought up a カトリック教徒 in English 経済的なs, indeed a priest of
that 約束, 避ける some 議論の的になる 強調, when he first
becomes a Protestant?
But I fancy that all this may impress German readers somewhat
異なって. The 正統派の tradition, which 支配するd in nineteenth
century England, never took so 会社／堅い a 持つ／拘留する of German thought.
There have always 存在するd important schools of 経済学者s in
Germany who have 堅固に 論争d the adequacy of the classical
theory for the 分析 of 同時代の events. The Manchester
School and Marxism both derive 最終的に from Ricardo,ｾa 結論 which is only superficially
surprising. But in Germany there has always 存在するd a large
section of opinion which has 固執するd neither to the one nor to
the other.
It can scarcely be （人命などを）奪う，主張するd, however, that this school of thought has 築くd a 競争相手 theoretical construction; or has
even 試みる／企てるd to do so. It has been 懐疑的な, 現実主義の,
content with historical and empirical methods and results, which
discard formal 分析. The most important unorthodox discussion
on theoretical lines was that of Wicksell. His 調書をとる／予約するs were
利用できる in German (as they were not, until lately, in English);
indeed one of the most important of them was written in German.
But his 信奉者s were 主として Swedes and Austrians, the latter
of.whom 連合させるd his ideas with 特に Austrian theory so
as to bring them in 影響, 支援する again に向かって the classical
tradition. Thus Germany, やめる contrary to her habit in most of
the sciences, has been content for a whole century to do without
any formal theory of 経済的なs which was predominant and
一般に 受託するd.
Perhaps, therefore, I may 推定する／予想する いっそう少なく 抵抗 from German,
than from English, readers in 申し込む／申し出ing a theory of 雇用 and
生産（高） as a whole, which 出発／死s in important 尊敬（する）・点s from the
正統派の tradition. But can I hope to 打ち勝つ Germany's 経済的な
agnosticism? Can I 説得する German 経済学者s that methods of
formal 分析 have something important to 与える／捧げる to the
解釈／通訳 of 同時代の events and to the moulding of
同時代の 政策? After all, it is German to like a theory.
How hungry and thirsty German 経済学者s must feel after having
lived all these years without one! Certainly, it is 価値（がある） while
for me to make the 試みる／企てる. And if I can 与える／捧げる some 逸脱する
morsels に向かって the 準備 by German 経済学者s of a 十分な
repast of theory designed to 会合，会う 特に German 条件s,
I shall be content. For I 自白する that much of the に引き続いて 調書をとる／予約する
is illustrated and expounded おもに with 言及／関連 to the
条件s 存在するing in the Anglo-Saxon countries.
にもかかわらず the theory of 生産（高） as a whole, which is what
the に引き続いて 調書をとる／予約する 趣旨s to 供給する, is much more easily
adapted to the 条件s of a 全体主義者 明言する／公表する, than is the
theory of the 生産／産物 and 配当 of a given 生産（高）
produced under 条件s of 解放する／自由な 競争 and a large 手段
of laissez-faire. The theory of the psychologi-cal 法律s relating 消費 and saving, the 影響（力） of
貸付金 支出 on prices and real 給料, the part played by the
率 of 利益／興味ｾthese remain as
necessary 成分s in our 計画／陰謀 of thought.
I take this 適切な時期 to 認める my indebtedness to the
excellent work of my 翻訳家 Herr Waeger (I hope his
vocabulary at the end of this 容積／容量
may 証明する useful beyond its 即座の 目的) and to my
publishers, Messrs Duncker and Humblot, whose 企業, from
the days now sixteen years ago when they published my 経済的な
Consequences of the Peace, has enabled me to 持続する 接触する
with German readers.
J. M. KEYNES
7 September 1936