事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia a treasure-trove of literature treasure 設立する hidden with no 証拠 of 所有権

BROWSE the 場所／位置 for other 作品 by this author (and our other authors) or get HELP Reading, Downloading and 変えるing とじ込み／提出するs) or SEARCH the entire 場所／位置 with Google 場所／位置 Search

肩書を与える: 負かす／撃墜する and Out in Paris and London
Author: George Orwell
eBook No.: 0100171h.html
Language: English
Date first 地位，任命するd: November 2001
Date most recently updated: Sep 2015

This etext was produced by Dragan R. Laban and N. Overton.

見解（をとる） our licence and header

*

Read our other ebooks by George Orwell

負かす／撃墜する and Out in Paris and London

by

George Orwell

O scathful 害（を与える）, 条件 of poverte!

CHAUCER

Contents

一時期／支部 1.
一時期／支部 2.
一時期／支部 3.
一時期／支部 4.
一時期／支部 5.
一時期／支部 6.
一時期／支部 7.
一時期／支部 8.
一時期／支部 9.
一時期／支部 10.
一時期／支部 11.
一時期／支部 12.
一時期／支部 13.
一時期／支部 14.
一時期／支部 15.
一時期／支部 16.
一時期／支部 17.
一時期／支部 18.
一時期／支部 19.
一時期／支部 20.
一時期／支部 21.
一時期／支部 22.
一時期／支部 23.
一時期／支部 24.
一時期／支部 25.
一時期／支部 26.
一時期／支部 27.
一時期／支部 28.
一時期／支部 29.
一時期／支部 30.
一時期／支部 31.
一時期／支部 32.
一時期／支部 33.
一時期／支部 34.
一時期／支部 35.
一時期／支部 36.
一時期／支部 37.
一時期／支部 38.

I

THE rue du Coq d'Or, Paris, seven in the morning. A succession of furious, choking yells from the street. Madame Monce, who kept the little hotel opposite 地雷, had come out on to the pavement to 演説（する）／住所 a lodger on the third 床に打ち倒す. Her 明らかにする feet were stuck into sabots and her grey hair was streaming 負かす／撃墜する.

MADAME MONCE: 'Salope! Salope! How many times have I told you not to squash bugs on the wallpaper? Do you think you've bought the hotel, eh? Why can't you throw them out of the window like everyone else? Putain! Salope!'

THE WOMAN ON THE THIRD FLOOR: 'Vache!'

Thereupon a whole variegated chorus of yells, as windows were flung open on every 味方する and half the street joined in the quarrel. They shut up 突然の ten minutes later, when a 騎兵大隊 of cavalry 棒 past and people stopped shouting to look at them.

I sketch this scene, just to 伝える something of the spirit of the rue du Coq d'Or. Not that quarrels were the only thing that happened there—but still, we seldom got through the morning without at least one 爆発 of this description. Quarrels, and the desolate cries of street hawkers, and the shouts of children chasing orange-peel over the cobbles, and at night loud singing and the sour reek of the 辞退する-carts, made up the atmosphere of the street.

It was a very 狭くする street—a ravine of tall, leprous houses, lurching に向かって one another in queer 態度s, as though they had all been frozen in the 行為／法令／行動する of 崩壊（する）. All the houses were hotels and packed to the tiles with lodgers, mostly 政治家s, Arabs and Italians. At the foot of the hotels were tiny bistros, where you could be drunk for the 同等（の） of a shilling. On Saturday nights about a third of the male 全住民 of the ４半期/4分の1 was drunk. There was fighting over women, and the Arab navvies who lived in the cheapest hotels used to 行為／行う mysterious 反目，不和s, and fight them out with 議長，司会を務めるs and occasionally revolvers. At night the policemen would only come through the street two together. It was a 公正に／かなり rackety place. And yet まっただ中に the noise and dirt lived the usual respectable French shopkeepers, パン職人s and laundresses and the like, keeping themselves to themselves and 静かに piling up small fortunes. It was やめる a 代表者／国会議員 Paris slum.

My hotel was called the Hôtel des Trois Moineaux. It was a dark, rickety 過密な住居 of five storeys, 削減（する） up by 木造の partitions into forty rooms. The rooms were small arid inveterately dirty, for there was no maid, and Madame F., the patronne, had no time to do any 広範囲にわたる. The 塀で囲むs were as thin as matchwood, and to hide the 割れ目s they had been covered with 層 after 層 of pink paper, which had come loose and housed innumerable bugs. 近づく the 天井 long lines of bugs marched all day like columns of 兵士s, and at night （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する ravenously hungry, so that one had to get up every few hours and kill them in hecatombs. いつかs when the bugs got too bad one used to 燃やす sulphur and 運動 them into the next room; その結果 the lodger next door would retort by having his room sulphured, and 運動 the bugs 支援する. It was a dirty place, but homelike, for Madame F. and her husband were good sorts. The rent of the rooms 変化させるd between thirty and fifty フランs a week.

The lodgers were a floating 全住民, 大部分は foreigners, who used to turn up without luggage, stay a week and then disappear again. They were of every 貿易（する）—cobblers, bricklayers, stonemasons, navvies, students, 売春婦s, rag-pickers. Some of them were fantastically poor. In one of the attics there was a Bulgarian student who made fancy shoes for the American market. From six to twelve he sat on his bed, making a dozen pairs of shoes and 収入 thirty-five フランs; the 残り／休憩（する） of the day he …に出席するd lectures at the Sorbonne. He was 熟考する／考慮するing for the Church, and 調書をとる／予約するs of theology lay 直面する-負かす／撃墜する on his leather-strewn 床に打ち倒す. In another room lived a ロシアの woman and her son, who called himself an artist. The mother worked sixteen hours a day, darning socks at twenty-five centimes a sock, while the son, decently dressed, loafed in the Montparnasse cafés. One room was let to two different lodgers, one a day 労働者 and the other a night 労働者. In another room a widower 株d the same bed with his two grown-up daughters, both consumptive.

There were eccentric characters in the hotel. The Paris slums are a 集会-place for eccentric people—people who have fallen into 独房監禁, half-mad grooves of life and given up trying to be normal or decent. Poverty 解放する／自由なs them from ordinary 基準s of behaviour, just as money 解放する／自由なs people from work. Some of the lodgers in our hotel lived lives that were curious beyond words.

There were the Rougiers, for instance, an old, ragged, dwarfish couple who plied an 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の 貿易（する）. They used to sell postcards on the Boulevard St Michel. The curious thing was that the postcards were sold in 調印（する）d packets as pornographic ones, but were 現実に photographs of chateaux on the Loire; the 買い手s did not discover this till too late, and of course never complained. The Rougiers earned about a hundred フランs a week, and by strict economy managed to be always half 餓死するd and half drunk. The filth of their room was such that one could smell it on the 床に打ち倒す below. によれば Madame F., neither of the Rougiers had taken off their 着せる／賦与するs for four years.

Or there was Henri, who worked in the 下水管s. He was a tall, melancholy man with curly hair, rather romantic-looking in his long, 下水管-man's boots. Henri's peculiarity was that he did not speak, except for the 目的s of work, literally for days together. Only a year before he had been a chauffeur in good 雇う and saving money. One day he fell in love, and when the girl 辞退するd him he lost his temper and kicked her. On 存在 kicked the girl fell 猛烈に in love with Henri, and for a fortnight they lived together and spent a thousand フランs of Henri's money. Then the girl was unfaithful; Henri 工場／植物d a knife in her upper arm and was sent to 刑務所，拘置所 for six months. As soon as she had been stabbed the girl fell more in love with Henri than ever, and the two made up their quarrel and agreed that when Henri （機の）カム out of 刑務所，拘置所 he should buy a taxi and they would marry and settle 負かす／撃墜する. But a fortnight later the girl was unfaithful again, and when Henri （機の）カム out she was with child, Henri did not を刺す her again. He drew out all his 貯金 and went on a drinking-一区切り／（ボクシングなどの）試合 that ended in another month's 監禁，拘置; after that he went to work in the 下水管s. Nothing would induce Henri to talk. If you asked him why he worked in the 下水管s he never answered, but 簡単に crossed his wrists to signify 手錠s, and jerked his 長，率いる southward, に向かって the 刑務所，拘置所. Bad luck seemed to have turned him half-witted in a 選び出す／独身 day.

Or there was R., an Englishman, who lived six months of the year in Putney with his parents and six months in フラン. During his time in フラン he drank four litres of ワイン a day, and six litres on Saturdays; he had once travelled as far as the Azores, because the ワイン there is cheaper than anywhere in Europe. He was a gentle, domesticated creature, never rowdy or quarrelsome, and never sober. He would 嘘（をつく） in bed till midday, and from then till midnight he was in his corner of the bistro, 静かに and methodically soaking. While he soaked he talked, in a 精製するd, womanish 発言する／表明する, about antique furniture. Except myself, R. was the only Englishman in the ４半期/4分の1.

There were plenty of other people who lived lives just as eccentric as these: Monsieur Jules, the Roumanian, who had a glass 注目する，もくろむ and would not 収容する／認める it, Furex the Limousin stonemason, Roucolle the miser—he died before my time, though—old Laurent the rag-merchant, who used to copy his 署名 from a slip of paper he carried in his pocket. It would be fun to 令状 some of their biographies, if one had time. I am trying to 述べる the people in our ４半期/4分の1, not for the mere curiosity, but because they are all part of the story. Poverty is what I am 令状ing about, and I had my first 接触する with poverty in this slum. The slum, with its dirt and its queer lives, was first an 反対する-lesson in poverty, and then the background of my own experiences. It is for that 推論する／理由 that I try to give some idea of what life was like there.

II

LIFE in the ４半期/4分の1. Our bistro, for instance, at the foot of the Hôtel des Trois Moineaux. A tiny brick-床に打ち倒すd room, half 地下組織の, with ワイン-sodden （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs, and a photograph of a funeral inscribed 'Crédit est mort'; and red-sashed workmen carving sausage with big jack-knives; and Madame F., a splendid Auvergnat 小作農民 woman with the 直面する of a strong-minded cow, drinking Malaga all day 'for her stomach'; and games of dice for apéritifs; and songs about 'Les Fraises et Les Framboises', and about Madelon, who said, 'Comment épouser un soldat, moi qui 目的（とする） tout le régiment?'; and extraordinarily public love-making. Half the hotel used to 会合，会う in the bistro in the evenings. I wish one could find a pub in London a ４半期/4分の1 as cheery.

One heard queer conversations in the bistro. As a 見本 I give you Charlie, one of the 地元の curiosities, talking.

Charlie was a 青年 of family and education who had run away from home and lived on 時折の remittances. Picture him very pink and young, with the fresh cheeks and soft brown hair of a nice little boy, and lips 過度に red and wet, like cherries. His feet are tiny, his 武器 abnormally short, his 手渡すs dimpled like a baby's. He has a way of dancing and capering while he 会談, as though he were too happy and too 十分な of life to keep still for an instant. It is three in the afternoon, and there is no one in the bistro except Madame F. and one or two men who are out of work; but it is all the same to Charlie whom he 会談 to, so long as he can talk about himself. He declaims like an orator on a バリケード, rolling the words on his tongue and gesticulating with his short 武器. His small, rather piggy 注目する，もくろむs glitter with enthusiasm. He is, somehow, profoundly disgusting to see.

He is talking of love, his favourite 支配する.

'Ah, l'amour, l'amour! Ah, que les femmes m'ont tué! 式のs, messieurs et dames, women have been my 廃虚, beyond all hope my 廃虚. At twenty-two I am utterly worn out and finished. But what things I have learned, what abysses of 知恵 have I not plumbed! How 広大な／多数の／重要な a thing it is to have acquired the true 知恵, to have become in the highest sense of the word a civilized man, to have become raffiné, vicieux,' etc. etc.

'Messieurs et dames, I perceive that you are sad. Ah, mais la 争う est belle—you must not be sad. Be more gay, I beseech you!

'Fill high ze bowl vid Samian vine,
Ve vill not 沈む of semes like zese!

'Ah, que la 争う est belle! Listen, messieurs et dames, out of the fullness of my experience I will discourse to you of love. I will explain to you what is the true meaning of love—what is the true sensibility, the higher, more 精製するd 楽しみ which is known to civilized men alone. I will tell you of the happiest day of my life. 式のs, but I am past the time when I could know such happiness as that. It is gone for ever—the very 可能性, even the 願望（する） for it, are gone.

'Listen, then. It was two years ago; my brother was in Paris—he is a lawyer—and my parents had told him to find me and take me out to dinner. We hate each other, my brother and I, but we preferred not to disobey my parents. We dined, and at dinner he grew very drunk upon three 瓶／封じ込めるs of Bordeaux. I took him 支援する to his hotel, and on the way I bought a 瓶／封じ込める of brandy, and when we had arrived I made my brother drink a tumblerful of it—I told him it was something to make him sober. He drank it, and すぐに he fell 負かす／撃墜する like somebody in a fit, dead drunk. I 解除するd him up and propped his 支援する against the bed; then I went through his pockets. I 設立する eleven hundred フランs, and with that I hurried 負かす／撃墜する the stairs, jumped into a taxi, and escaped. My brother did not know my 演説（する）／住所—I was 安全な.

'Where does a man go when he has money? To the bordels, 自然に. But you do not suppose that I was going to waste my time on some vulgar debauchery fit only for navvies? Confound it, one is a civilized man! I was fastidious, exigeant, you understand, with a thousand フランs in my pocket. It was midnight before I 設立する what I was looking for. I had fallen in with a very smart 青年 of eighteen, dressed en smoking and with his hair 削減（する） à l'américaine, and we were talking in a 静かな bistro away from the boulevards. We understood one another 井戸／弁護士席, that 青年 and I. We talked of this and that, and discussed ways of コースを変えるing oneself. Presently we took a taxi together and were driven away.

'The taxi stopped in a 狭くする, 独房監禁 street with a 選び出す／独身 gas-lamp ゆらめくing at the end. There were dark puddles の中で the 石／投石するs. 負かす／撃墜する one 味方する ran the high, blank 塀で囲む of a convent. My guide led me to a tall, ruinous house with shuttered windows, and knocked several times at the door. Presently there was a sound of footsteps and a 狙撃 of bolts, and the door opened a little. A 手渡す （機の）カム 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 辛勝する／優位 of it; it was a large, crooked 手渡す, that held itself palm 上向きs under our noses, 需要・要求するing money.

'My guide put his foot between the door and the step. "How much do you want?" he said.

'"A thousand フランs," said a woman's 発言する／表明する. "支払う／賃金 up at once or you don't come in."

'I put a thousand フランs into the 手渡す and gave the remaining hundred to my guide: he said good night and left me. I could hear the 発言する／表明する inside counting the 公式文書，認めるs, and then a thin old crow of a woman in a 黒人／ボイコット dress put her nose out and regarded me suspiciously before letting me in. It was very dark inside: I could see nothing except a ゆらめくing gas-jet that illuminated a patch of plaster 塀で囲む, throwing everything else into deeper 影をつくる／尾行する. There was a smell of ネズミs and dust. Without speaking, the old woman lighted a candle at the gas-jet, then hobbled in 前線 of me 負かす／撃墜する a 石／投石する passage to the 最高の，を越す of a flight of 石／投石する steps.

'"Voilà!" she said; "go 負かす／撃墜する into the cellar there and do what you like. I shall see nothing, hear nothing, know nothing. You are 解放する／自由な, you understand—perfectly 解放する／自由な."

'Ha, messieurs, need I 述べる to you—forcément, you know it yourselves—that shiver, half of terror and half of joy, that goes through one at these moments? I crept 負かす／撃墜する, feeling my way; I could hear my breathing and the 捨てるing of my shoes on the 石／投石するs, さもなければ all was silence. At the 底（に届く） of the stairs my 手渡す met an electric switch. I turned it, and a 広大な／多数の／重要な electrolier of twelve red globes flooded the cellar with a red light. And behold, I was not in a cellar, but in a bedroom, a 広大な／多数の／重要な, rich, garish bedroom, coloured 血 red from 最高の，を越す to 底（に届く）. 人物／姿／数字 it to yourselves, messieurs et dames! Red carpet on the 床に打ち倒す, red paper on the 塀で囲むs, red plush on the 議長，司会を務めるs, even the 天井 red; everywhere red, 燃やすing into the 注目する，もくろむs. It was a 激しい, stifling red, as though the light were 向こうずねing through bowls of 血. At the far end stood a 抱擁する, square bed, with quilts red like the 残り／休憩（する）, and on it a girl was lying, dressed in a frock of red velvet. At the sight of me she shrank away and tried to hide her 膝s under the short dress.

'I had 停止（させる）d by the door. "Come here, my chicken," I called to her.

'She gave a whimper of fright. With a bound I was beside the bed; she tried to elude me, but I 掴むd her by the throat—like this, do you see?—tight! She struggled, she began to cry out for mercy, but I held her 急速な／放蕩な, 軍隊ing 支援する her 長，率いる and 星／主役にするing 負かす／撃墜する into her 直面する. She was twenty years old, perhaps; her 直面する was the 幅の広い, dull 直面する of a stupid child, but it was coated with paint and 砕く, and her blue, stupid 注目する，もくろむs, 向こうずねing in the red light, wore that shocked, distorted look that one sees nowhere save in the 注目する，もくろむs of these women. She was some 小作農民 girl, doubtless, whom her parents had sold into slavery.

'Without another word I pulled her off the bed and threw her on to the 床に打ち倒す. And then I fell upon her like a tiger! Ah, the joy, the incomparable rapture of that time! There, messieurs et dames, is what I would expound to you; Voilà l'amour! There is the true love, there is the only thing in the world 価値（がある） 努力する／競うing for; there is the thing beside which all your arts and ideals, all your philosophies and creeds, all your 罰金 words and high 態度s, are as pale and profitless as ashes. When one has experienced love—the true love—what is there in the world that seems more than a mere ghost of joy?

'More and more savagely I 新たにするd the attack. Again and again the girl tried to escape; she cried out for mercy もう一度, but I laughed at her.

'"Mercy!" I said, "do you suppose I have come here to show mercy? Do you suppose I have paid a thousand フランs for that?" I 断言する to you, messieurs et dames, that if it were not for that accursed 法律 that 略奪するs us of our liberty, I would have 殺人d her at that moment.

'Ah, how she 叫び声をあげるd, with what bitter cries of agony. But there was no one to hear them; 負かす／撃墜する there under the streets of Paris we were as 安全な・保証する as at the heart of a pyramid. 涙／ほころびs streamed 負かす／撃墜する the girl's 直面する, washing away the 砕く in long, dirty smears. Ah, that 取り返しのつかない time! You, messieurs et dames, you who have not cultivated the finer sensibilities of love, for you such 楽しみ is almost beyond conception. And I too, now that my 青年 is gone—ah, 青年!—shall never again see life so beautiful as that. It is finished.

'Ah yes, it is gone—gone for ever. Ah, the poverty, the shortness, the 失望 of human joy! For in reality—car en realité, what is the duration of the 最高の moment of love. It is nothing, an instant, a second perhaps. A second of ecstasy, and after that—dust, ashes, nothingness.

'And so, just for one instant, I 逮捕（する）d the 最高の happiness, the highest and most 精製するd emotion to which human 存在s can 達成する. And in the same moment it was finished, and I was left—to what? All my savagery, my passion, were scattered like the petals of a rose. I was left 冷淡な and languid, 十分な of vain 悔いるs; in my revulsion I even felt a 肉親，親類d of pity for the weeping girl on the 床に打ち倒す. Is it not nauseous, that we should be the prey of such mean emotions? I did not look at the girl again; my 単独の thought was to get away. I 急いでd up the steps of the 丸天井 and out into the street. It was dark and 激しく 冷淡な, the streets were empty, the 石／投石するs echoed under my heels with a hollow, lonely （犯罪の）一味. All my money was gone, I had not even the price of a taxi fare. I walked 支援する alone to my 冷淡な, 独房監禁 room.

'But there, messieurs et dames, that is what I 約束d to expound to you. That is Love. That was the happiest day of my life.'

He was a curious 見本／標本, Charlie. I 述べる him, just to show what diverse characters could be 設立する 繁栄するing in the Coq d'Or ４半期/4分の1.

III

I LIVED in the Coq d'Or ４半期/4分の1 for about a year and a half. One day, in summer, I 設立する that I had just four hundred and fifty フランs left, and beyond this nothing but thirty-six フランs a week, which I earned by giving English lessons. Hitherto I had not thought about the 未来, but I now realized that I must do something at once. I decided to start looking for a 職業, and—very luckily, as it turned out—I took the 警戒 of 支払う／賃金ing two hundred フランs for a month's rent in 前進する. With the other two hundred and fifty フランs, besides the English lessons, I could live a month, and in a month I should probably find work. I 目的（とする）d at becoming a guide to one of the tourist companies, or perhaps an interpreter. However, a piece of bad luck 妨げるd this.

One day there turned up at the hotel a young Italian who called himself a compositor. He was rather an あいまいな person, for he wore 味方する whiskers, which are the 示す either of an apache or an 知識人, and nobody was やめる 確かな in which class to put him. Madame F. did not like the look of him, and made him 支払う／賃金 a week's rent in 前進する. The Italian paid the rent and stayed six nights at the hotel. During this time he managed to 準備する some duplicate 重要なs, and on the last night he robbed a dozen rooms, 含むing 地雷. Luckily, he did not find the money that was in my pockets, so I was not left penniless. I was left with just forty-seven フランs—that is, seven and tenpence.

This put an end to my 計画（する）s of looking for work. I had now got to live at the 率 of about six フランs a day, and from the start it was too difficult to leave much thought for anything else. It was now that my experiences of poverty began—for six フランs a day, if not actual poverty, is on the fringe of it. Six フランs is a shilling, and you can live on a shilling a day in Paris if you know how. But it is a 複雑にするd 商売／仕事.

It is altogether curious, your first 接触する with poverty. You have thought so much about poverty—it is the thing you have 恐れるd all your life, the thing you knew would happen to you sooner or later; and it, is all so utterly and prosaically different. You thought it would be やめる simple; it is extraordinarily 複雑にするd. You thought it would be terrible; it is 単に squalid and boring. It is the peculiar lowness of poverty that you discover first; the 転換s that it puts you to, the 複雑にするd meanness, the crust-wiping.

You discover, for instance, the secrecy 大（公）使館員ing to poverty. At a sudden 一打／打撃 you have been 減ずるd to an income of six フランs a day. But of course you dare not 収容する／認める it—you have got to pretend that you are living やめる as usual. From the start it 絡まるs you in a 逮捕する of lies, and even with the lies you can hardly manage it. You stop sending 着せる／賦与するs to the laundry, and the laundress catches you in the street and asks you why; you mumble something, and she, thinking you are sending the 着せる／賦与するs どこかよそで, is your enemy for life. The tobacconist keeps asking why you have 削減（する） 負かす／撃墜する your smoking. There are letters you want to answer, and cannot, because stamps are too expensive. And then there are your meals—meals are the worst difficulty of all. Every day at meal-times you go out, 表面上は to a restaurant, and loaf an hour in the Luxembourg Gardens, watching the pigeons. Afterwards you 密輸する your food home in your pockets. Your food is bread and margarine, or bread and ワイン, and even the nature of the food is 治める／統治するd by lies. You have to buy rye bread instead of 世帯 bread, because the rye loaves, though dearer, are 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and can be 密輸するd in your pockets. This wastes you a フラン a day. いつかs, to keep up 外見s, you have to spend sixty centimes on a drink, and go 対応して short of food. Your linen gets filthy, and you run out of soap and かみそり-blades. Your hair wants cutting, and you try to 削減（する） it yourself, with such fearful results that you have to go to the barber after all, and spend the 同等（の） of a day's food. All day you are telling lies, and expensive lies.

You discover the extreme precariousness of your six フランs a day. Mean 災害s happen and 略奪する you of food. You have spent your last eighty centimes on half a litre of milk, and are boiling it over the spirit lamp. While it boils a bug runs 負かす／撃墜する your forearm; you give the bug a flick with your nail, and it 落ちるs, plop! straight into the milk. There is nothing for it but to throw the milk away and go foodless.

You go to the パン職人's to buy a 続けざまに猛撃する of bread, and you wait while the girl 削減（する）s a 続けざまに猛撃する for another 顧客. She is clumsy, and 削減（する）s more than a 続けざまに猛撃する. '容赦, monsieur,' she says, 'I suppose you don't mind 支払う／賃金ing two sous extra?' Bread is a フラン a 続けざまに猛撃する, and you have 正確に／まさに a フラン. When you think that you too might be asked to 支払う／賃金 two sous extra, and would have to 自白する that you could not, you bolt in panic. It is hours before you dare 投機・賭ける into a パン職人's shop again.

You go to the greengrocer's to spend a フラン on a キログラム of potatoes. But one of the pieces that （不足などを）補う the フラン is a ベルギー piece, and the shopman 辞退するs it. You slink out of the shop, and can never go there again.

You have 逸脱するd into a respectable ４半期/4分の1, and you see a 繁栄する friend coming. To 避ける him you dodge into the nearest café. Once in the café you must buy something, so you spend your last fifty centimes on a glass of 黒人／ボイコット coffee with a dead 飛行機で行く in it. Once could multiply these 災害s by the hundred. They are part of the 過程 of 存在 hard up.

You discover what it is like to be hungry. With bread and margarine in your belly, you go out and look into the shop windows. Everywhere there is food 侮辱ing you in 抱擁する, wasteful piles; whole dead pigs, baskets of hot loaves, 広大な／多数の／重要な yellow 封鎖するs of butter, strings of sausages, mountains of potatoes, 広大な Gruyère cheeses like grindstones. A snivelling self-pity comes over you at the sight of so much food. You 計画（する） to 得る，とらえる a loaf and run, swallowing it before they catch you; and you 差し控える, from pure funk.

You discover the 退屈 which is inseparable from poverty; the times when you have nothing to do and, 存在 underfed, can 利益／興味 yourself in nothing. For half a day at a time you 嘘（をつく） on your bed, feeling like the jeune squelette in Baudelaire's poem. Only food could rouse you. You discover that a man who has gone even a week on bread and margarine is not a man any longer, only a belly with a few 従犯者 組織／臓器s.

This—one could 述べる it その上の, but it is all in the same style —is life on six フランs a day. Thousands of people in Paris live it— struggling artists and students, 売春婦s when their luck is out, out-of-work people of all 肉親，親類d. It is the 郊外s, as it were, of poverty.

I continued in this style for about three weeks. The forty-seven フランs were soon gone, and I had to do what I could on thirty-six フランs a week from the English lessons. 存在 inexperienced, I 扱うd the money 不正に, and いつかs I was a day without food. When this happened I used to sell a few of my 着せる／賦与するs, 密輸するing them out of the hotel in small packets and taking them to a secondhand shop in the rue de la Montagne St Geneviève. The shopman was a red-haired Jew, an 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の disagreeable man, who used to 落ちる into furious 激怒（する）s at the sight of a （弁護士の）依頼人. From his manner one would have supposed that we had done him some 傷害 by coming to him. 'Merde!' he used to shout, 'you here again? What do you think this is? A soup kitchen?' And he paid incredibly low prices. For a hat which I had bought for twenty-five shillings and scarcely worn he gave five フランs; for a good pair of shoes, five フランs; for shirts, a フラン each. He always preferred to 交流 rather than buy, and he had a trick of thrusting some useless article into one's 手渡す and then pretending that one had 受託するd it. Once I saw him take a good overcoat from an old woman, put two white billiard-balls into her 手渡す, and then 押し進める her 速く out of the shop before she could 抗議する. It would have been a 楽しみ to flatten the Jew's nose, if only one could have afforded it.

These three weeks were squalid and uncomfortable, and evidently there was worse coming, for my rent would be 予定 before long. にもかかわらず, things were not a ４半期/4分の1 as bad as I had 推定する／予想するd. For, when you are approaching poverty, you make one 発見 which outweighs some of the others. You discover 退屈 and mean 複雑化s and the beginnings of hunger, but you also discover the 広大な／多数の／重要な redeeming feature of poverty: the fact that it 絶滅するs the 未来. Within 確かな 限界s, it is 現実に true that the いっそう少なく money you have, the いっそう少なく you worry. When you have a hundred フランs in the world you are liable to the most craven panics. When you have only three フランs you are やめる indifferent; for three フランs will 料金d you till tomorrow, and you cannot think その上の than that. You are bored, but you are not afraid. You think ばく然と, 'I shall be 餓死するing in a day or two—shocking, isn't it?' And then the mind wanders to other topics. A bread and margarine diet does, to some extent, 供給する its own anodyne.

And there is another feeling that is a 広大な／多数の／重要な なぐさみ in poverty. I believe everyone who has been hard up has experienced it. It is a feeling of 救済, almost of 楽しみ, at knowing yourself at last genuinely 負かす／撃墜する and out. You have talked so often of going to the dogs—and 井戸／弁護士席, here are the dogs, and you have reached them, and you can stand it. It takes off a lot of 苦悩,

IV

ONE day my English lessons 中止するd 突然の. The 天候 was getting hot and one of my pupils, feeling too lazy to go on with his lessons, 解任するd me. The other disappeared from his lodgings without notice, 借りがあるing me twelve フランs. I was left with only thirty centimes and no タバコ. For a day and a half I had nothing to cat or smoke, and then, too hungry to put it off any longer, I packed my remaining 着せる／賦与するs into my スーツケース and took them to the pawnshop. This put an end to all pretence of 存在 in 基金s, for I could not take my 着せる／賦与するs out of the hotel without asking Madame F.'s leave. I remember, however, how surprised she was at my asking her instead of 除去するing the 着せる／賦与するs on the sly, 狙撃 the moon 存在 a ありふれた trick in our ４半期/4分の1.

It was the first time that I had been in a French pawnshop. One went through grandiose 石／投石する portals (示すd, of course, 'Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité'—they 令状 that even over the police 駅／配置するs in フラン) into a large, 明らかにする room like a school classroom, with a 反対する and 列／漕ぐ／騒動s of （法廷の）裁判s. Forty or fifty people were waiting. One 手渡すd one's 誓約（する） over the 反対する and sat 負かす／撃墜する. Presently, when the clerk had 査定する／（税金などを）課すd its value he would call out, 'Numéro such and such, will you take fifty フランs?' いつかs it was only fifteen フランs, or ten, or five—whatever it was, the whole room knew it. As I （機の）カム in the clerk called with an 空気／公表する of offence, 'Numéro 83—here!' and gave a little whistle and a beckon, as though calling a dog. Numéro 83 stepped to the 反対する; he was an old bearded man, with an overcoat buttoned up at the neck and frayed trouser-ends. Without a word the clerk 発射 the bundle across the 反対する—evidently it was 価値（がある） nothing. It fell to the ground and （機の）カム open, 陳列する，発揮するing four pairs of men's woollen pants. No one could help laughing. Poor Numéro 83 gathered up his pants and shambled out, muttering to himself.

The 着せる／賦与するs I was pawning, together with the スーツケース, had cost over twenty 続けざまに猛撃するs, and were in good 条件. I thought they must be 価値（がある） ten 続けざまに猛撃するs, and a ４半期/4分の1 of this (one 推定する／予想するs ４半期/4分の1 value at a pawnshop) was two hundred and fifty or three hundred フランs. I waited without 苦悩, 推定する／予想するing two hundred フランs at the worst.

At last the clerk called my number: 'Numéro 97!'

'Yes,' I said, standing up.

'Seventy フランs?'

Seventy フランs for ten 続けざまに猛撃するs' 価値（がある） of 着せる／賦与するs! But it was no use arguing; I had seen someone else 試みる／企てる to argue, and the clerk had 即時に 辞退するd the 誓約（する）. I took the money and the pawnticket and walked out. I had now no 着せる／賦与するs except what I stood up in—the coat 不正に out at the 肘—an overcoat, moderately pawnable, and one spare shirt. Afterwards, when it was too late, I learned that it was wiser to go to a pawnshop in the afternoon. The clerks are French, and, like most French people, are in a bad temper till they have eaten their lunch.

When I got home, Madame F. was 広範囲にわたる the bistro 床に打ち倒す. She （機の）カム up the steps to 会合，会う me. I could see in her 注目する，もくろむ that she was uneasy about my rent.

'井戸／弁護士席,' she said, 'what did you get for your 着せる／賦与するs? Not much, eh?'

'Two hundred フランs,' I said 敏速に.

'Tiens!' she said, surprised; '井戸／弁護士席, that's not bad. How expensive those English 着せる／賦与するs must be!'

The 嘘（をつく） saved a lot of trouble, and, strangely enough, it （機の）カム true. A few days later I did receive 正確に／まさに two hundred フランs 予定 to me for a newspaper article, and, though it 傷つける to do it, I at once paid every penny of it in rent. So, though I （機の）カム 近づく to 餓死するing in the に引き続いて weeks, I was hardly ever without a roof.

It was now 絶対 necessary to find work, and I remembered a friend of 地雷, a ロシアの waiter 指名するd Boris, who might be able to help me. I had first met him in the public 区 of a hospital, where he was 存在 扱う／治療するd for arthritis in the left 脚. He had told me to come to him if I were ever in difficulties.

I must say something about Boris, for he was a curious character and my の近くに friend for a long time. He was a big, soldierly man of about thirty-five, and had been good looking, but since his illness he had grown immensely fat from lying in bed. Like most ロシアの 難民s, he had had an adventurous life. His parents, killed in the 革命, had been rich people, and he had served through the war in the Second Siberian ライフル銃／探して盗むs, which, によれば him, was the best 連隊 in the ロシアの Army. After the war he had first worked in a 小衝突 factory, then as a porter at Les Halles, then had become a dishwasher, and had finally worked his way up to be a waiter. When he fell ill he was at the Hôtel Scribe, and taking a hundred フランs a day in tips. His ambition was to become a maître d'hôtel, save fifty thousand フランs, and 始める，決める up a small, select restaurant on the 権利 Bank.

Boris always talked of the war as the happiest time of his life. War and 兵士ing were his passion; he had read innumerable 調書をとる／予約するs of 戦略 and 軍の history, and could tell you all about the theories of Napoleon, Kutuzof, Clausewitz, Moltke and Foch. Anything to do with 兵士s pleased him. His favourite café was the Gloserie des Lilas in Montparnasse, 簡単に because the statue of 保安官 Ney stands outside it. Later on, Boris and I いつかs went to the rue du 商業 together. If we went by Métro, Boris always got out at Cambronne 駅／配置する instead of 商業, though 商業 was nearer; he liked the 協会 with General Cambronne, who was called on to 降伏する at Waterloo, and answered 簡単に, 'Merde!'

The only things left to Boris by the 革命 were his メダルs and some photographs of his old 連隊; he had kept these when everything else went to the pawnshop. Almost every day he would spread the photographs out on the bed and talk about them:

'Voilà, mon ami. There you see me at the 長，率いる of my company. 罰金 big men, eh? Not like these little ネズミs of Frenchmen. A captain at twenty—not bad, eh? Yes, a captain in the Second Siberian ライフル銃／探して盗むs; and my father was a 陸軍大佐.

'Ah, mais, mon ami, the ups and 負かす／撃墜するs of life! A captain in the ロシアの Army, and then, piff! the 革命—every penny gone. In 1916 I stayed a week at the Hôtel Édouard Sept; in 1920 I was trying for a 職業 as night watchman there. I have been night watchman, cellarman, 床に打ち倒す scrubber, dishwasher, porter, lavatory attendant. I have tipped waiters, and I have been tipped by waiters.

'Ah, but I have known what it is to live like a gentleman, mon ami. I do not say it to 誇る, but the other day I was trying to 計算する how many mistresses I have had in my life, and I made it out to be over two hundred. Yes, at least two hundred... Ah, 井戸／弁護士席, ça reviendra. Victory is to him who fights the longest. Courage!' etc. etc.

Boris had a queer, changeable nature. He always wished himself 支援する in the army, but he had also been a waiter long enough to acquire the waiter's 見通し. Though he had never saved more than a few thousand フランs, he took it for 認めるd that in the end he would be able to 始める，決める up his own restaurant and grow rich. All waiters, I afterwards 設立する, talk and think of this; it is what reconciles them to 存在 waiters. Boris used to talk interestingly about Hotel life:

'Waiting is a 賭事,' he used to say; 'you may die poor, you may make your fortune in a year. You are not paid 給料, you depend on tips—ten per cent of the 法案, and a （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 from the ワイン companies on シャンペン酒 corks. いつかs the tips are enormous. The barman at Maxim's, for instance, makes five hundred フランs a day. More than five hundred, in the season... I have made two hundred フランs a day myself. It was at a Hotel in Biarritz, in the season. The whole staff, from the 経営者／支配人 負かす／撃墜する to the plongeurs, was working twenty-one hours a day. Twenty-one hours' work and two and a half hours in bed, for a month on end. Still, it was 価値（がある） it, at two hundred フランs a day.

'You never know when a 一打／打撃 of luck is coming. Once when I was at the Hôtel 王室の an American 顧客 sent for me before dinner and ordered twenty-four brandy cocktails. I brought them all together on a tray, in twenty-four glasses. "Now, garçon," said the 顧客 (he was drunk), "I'll drink twelve and you'll drink twelve, and if you can walk to the door afterwards you get a hundred フランs." I walked to the door, and he gave me a hundred フランs. And every night for six days he did the same thing; twelve brandy cocktails, then a hundred フランs. A few months later I heard he had been （国外逃亡犯を）引き渡すd by the American 政府—使い込み，横領. There is something 罰金, do you not think, about these Americans?'

I liked Boris, and we had 利益／興味ing times together, playing chess and talking about war and hotels. Boris used often to 示唆する that I should become a waiter. 'The life would 控訴 you,' he used to say; 'when you are in work, with a hundred フランs a day and a nice mistress, it's not bad. You say you go in for 令状ing. 令状ing is bosh. There is only one way to make money at 令状ing, and that is to marry a publisher's daughter. But you would make a good waiter if you shaved that moustache off. You are tall and you speak English—those are the 長，指導者 things a waiter needs. Wait till I can bend this accursed 脚, mon ami. And then, if you are ever out of a 職業, come to me.'

Now that I was short of my rent, and getting hungry, I remembered Boris's 約束, and decided to look him up at once. I did not hope to become a waiter so easily as he had 約束d, but of course I knew how to scrub dishes, and no 疑問 he could get me a 職業 in the kitchen. He had said that dishwashing 職業s were to be had for the asking during the summer. It was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 救済 to remember that I had after all one 影響力のある friend to 落ちる 支援する on.

V

A SHORT time before, Boris had given me an 演説（する）／住所 in the rue du Marché des Blancs Manteaux. All he had said in his letter was that 'things were not marching too 不正に', and I assumed that he was 支援する at the Hôtel Scribe, touching his hundred フランs a day. I was 十分な of hope, and wondered why I had been fool enough not to go to Boris before. I saw myself in a cosy restaurant, with jolly cooks singing love-songs as they broke eggs into the pan, and five solid meals a day. I even squandered two フランs fifty on a packet of Gaulois Bleu, in 予期 of my 給料.

In the morning I walked 負かす／撃墜する to the rue du Marché des Blancs Manteaux; with a shock, I 設立する it a shimmy 支援する street-as bad as my own. Boris's hotel was the dirtiest hotel in the street. From its dark doorway there （機の）カム out a vile, sour odour, a mixture of slops and synthetic soup—it was Bouillon Zip, twenty-five centimes a packet. A 疑惑 （機の）カム over me. People who drink Bouillon Zip are 餓死するing, or 近づく it. Could Boris かもしれない be 収入 a hundred フランs a day? A surly patron, sitting in the office, said to me. Yes, the ロシアの was at home—in the attic. I went up six nights of 狭くする, winding stairs, the Bouillon Zip growing stronger as one got higher. Boris did not answer when I knocked at his door, so I opened it and went in.

The room was an attic, ten feet square, lighted only by a skylight, its 単独の furniture a 狭くする アイロンをかける bedstead, a 議長，司会を務める, and a washhand-stand with one game 脚. A long S-形態／調整d chain of bugs marched slowly across the 塀で囲む above the bed. Boris was lying asleep, naked, his large belly making a 塚 under the grimy sheet. His chest was spotted with insect bites. As I （機の）カム in he woke up, rubbed his 注目する，もくろむs, and groaned 深く，強烈に.

'指名する of Jesus Christ!' he exclaimed, 'oh, 指名する of Jesus Christ, my 支援する! 悪口を言う／悪態 it, I believe my 支援する is broken!'

'What's the 事柄?' I exclaimed.

'My 支援する is broken, that is all. I have spent the night on the 床に打ち倒す. Oh, 指名する of Jesus Christ! If you knew what my 支援する feels like!'

'My dear Boris, are you ill?'

'Not ill, only 餓死するing—yes, 餓死するing to death if this goes on much longer. Besides sleeping on the 床に打ち倒す, I have lived on two フランs a day for weeks past. It is fearful. You have come at a bad moment, mon ami.'

It did not seem much use to ask whether Boris still had his 職業 at the Hôtel Scribe. I hurried downstairs and bought a loaf of bread. Boris threw himself on the bread and ate half of it, after which he felt better, sat up in bed, and told me what was the 事柄 with him. He had failed to get a 職業 after leaving the hospital, because he was still very lame, and he had spent all his money and pawned everything, and finally 餓死するd for several days. He had slept a week on the quay under the Font d'Austerlitz, の中で some empty ワイン バーレル／樽s. For the past fortnight he had been living in this room, together with a Jew, a mechanic. It appeared (there was some 複雑にするd explanation.) that the Jew 借りがあるd Boris three hundred フランs, and was 返すing this by letting him sleep on the 床に打ち倒す and 許すing him two フランs a day for food. Two フランs would buy a bowl of coffee and three rolls. The Jew went to work at seven in the mornings, and after that Boris would leave his sleeping-place (it was beneath the skylight, which let in the rain) and get into the bed. He could not sleep much even there 借りがあるing to the bugs, but it 残り／休憩（する）d his 支援する after the 床に打ち倒す.

It was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 失望, when I had come to Boris for help, to find him even worse off than myself. I explained that I had only about sixty フランs left and must get a 職業 すぐに. By this time, however, Boris had eaten the 残り／休憩（する） of the bread and was feeling cheerful and talkative. He said carelessly:

'Good heavens, what are you worrying about? Sixty フランs—why, it's a fortune! Please 手渡す me that shoe, mon ami. I'm going to 粉砕する some of those bugs if they come within reach.'

'But do you think there's any chance of getting a 職業?'

'Chance? It's a certainty. In fact, I have got something already. There is a new ロシアの restaurant which is to open in a few days in the rue du 商業. It is une chose entendue that I am to be maître d'hôtel. I can easily get you a 職業 in the kitchen. Five hundred フランs a month and your food—tips, too, if you are lucky.'

'But in the 合間? I've got to 支払う／賃金 my rent before long.'

'Oh, we shall find something. I have got a few cards-up my sleeve. There are people who 借りがある me money, for instance—Paris is 十分な of them. One of them is bound to 支払う／賃金 up before long. Then think of all the women who have been my mistress! A woman never forgets, you know—I have only to ask and they will help me. Besides, the Jew tells me he is going to steal some magnetos from the garage where he 作品, and he will 支払う／賃金 us five フランs a day to clean them before he sells them. That alone would keep us. Never worry, mon ami. Nothing is easier to get than money.'

'井戸／弁護士席, let's go out now and look for a 職業.'

'Presently, mon ami. We shan't 餓死する, don't you 恐れる. This is only the fortune of war—I've been in a worse 穴を開ける 得点する／非難する／２０s of times. It's only a question of 固執するing. Remember Foch's maxim: "Attaquez! Attaquez! Attaquez!"'

It was midday before Boris decided to get up. All the 着せる／賦与するs he now had left were one 控訴, with one shirt, collar and tie, a pair of shoes almost worn out, and a pair of socks all 穴を開けるs. He had also an overcoat which was to be pawned in the last extremity. He had a スーツケース, a wretched twenty-フラン cardboard thing, but very important, because the patron of the hotel believed that it was 十分な of 着せる／賦与するs—without that, he would probably have turned Boris out of doors. What it 現実に 含む／封じ込めるd were the メダルs and photographs, さまざまな 半端物s and ends, and 抱擁する bundles of love-letters. In spite of all this Boris managed to keep a 公正に／かなり smart 外見. He shaved without soap and with a かみそり-blade two months old, tied his tie so that the 穴を開けるs did not show, and carefully stuffed the 単独のs of his shoes with newspaper. Finally, when he was dressed, he produced an 署名／調印する-瓶／封じ込める and 署名／調印するd the 肌 of his ankles where it showed through his socks. You would never have thought, when it was finished, that he had recently been sleeping under the Seine 橋（渡しをする）s.

We went to a small café off the rue de Rivoli, a 井戸／弁護士席-known rendezvous of hotel 経営者／支配人s and 従業員s. At the 支援する was a dark, 洞穴-like room where all 肉親，親類d of hotel 労働者s were sitting—smart young waiters, others not so smart and 明確に hungry, fat pink cooks, greasy dish-washers, 乱打するd old scrubbing-women. Everyone had an untouched glass of 黒人／ボイコット coffee in 前線 of him. The place was, in 影響, an 雇用 bureau, and the money spent on drinks was the patron's （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限. いつかs a stout, important-looking man, 明白に a restaurateur, would come in and speak to the barman, and the barman would call to one of the people at the 支援する of the café. But he never called to Boris or me, and we left after two hours, as the etiquette was that you could only stay two hours for one drink. We learned afterwards, when it was too late, that the dodge was to 賄賂 the barman; if you could afford twenty フランs he would 一般に get you a 職業.

We went to the Hôtel Scribe and waited an hour on the pavement, hoping that the 経営者／支配人 would come out, but he never did. Then we dragged ourselves 負かす／撃墜する to the rue du 商業, only to find that the new restaurant, which was 存在 redecorated, was shut up and the patron away. It was now night. We had walked fourteen kilometres over pavement, and we were so tired that we had to waste one フラン fifty on going home by Métro. Walking was agony to Boris with his game 脚, and his 楽観主義 wore thinner and thinner as the day went on. When he got out of the Métro at the Place d'Italie he was in despair. He began to say that it was no use looking for work—there was nothing for it but to try 罪，犯罪.

'Sooner 略奪する than 餓死する, mon ami. I have often planned it. A fat, rich American—some dark corner 負かす／撃墜する Montparnasse way—a cobblestone in a 在庫／株ing—bang! And then go through his pockets and bolt. It is feasible, do you not think? I would not flinch—I have been a 兵士, remember.'

He decided against the 計画（する） in the end, because we were both foreigners and easily 認めるd.

When we had got 支援する to my room we spent another one フラン fifty on bread and chocolate. Boris devoured his 株, and at once 元気づけるd up like 魔法; food seemed to 行為／法令／行動する on his system as 速く as a cocktail. He took out a pencil and began making a 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of the people who would probably give us 職業s. There were dozens of them, he said.

'Tomorrow we shall find something, mon ami, I know it in my bones. The luck always changes. Besides, we both have brains—a man with brains can't 餓死する.

'What things a man can do with brains! Brains will make money out of anything. I had a friend once, a 政治家, a real man of genius; and what do you think he used to do? He would buy a gold （犯罪の）一味 and pawn it for fifteen フランs. Then—you know how carelessly the clerks fill up the tickets—where the clerk had written "en or" he would 追加する "et diamants" and he would change "fifteen フランs" to "fifteen thousand". Neat, eh? Then, you see, he could borrow a thousand フランs on the 安全 of the ticket. That is what I mean by brains...'

For the 残り／休憩（する） of the evening Boris was in a 希望に満ちた mood, talking of the times we should have together when we were waiters together at Nice or Biarritz, with smart rooms and enough money to 始める，決める up mistresses. He was too tired to walk the three kilometres 支援する to his hotel, and slept the night on the 床に打ち倒す of my room, with his coat rolled 一連の会議、交渉／完成する his shoes for a pillow.

VI

WE again failed to find work the next day, and it was three weeks before the luck changed. My two hundred フランs saved me from trouble about the rent, but everything else went as 不正に as possible. Day after day Boris and I went up and 負かす／撃墜する Paris, drifting at two miles an hour through the （人が）群がるs, bored and hungry, and finding nothing. One day, I remember, we crossed the Seine eleven times. We loitered for hours outside service doorways, and when the 経営者／支配人 （機の）カム out we would go up to him ingratiatingly, cap in 手渡す. We always got the same answer: they did not want a lame man, nor a man without experience. Once we were very nearly engaged. While we spoke to the 経営者／支配人 Boris stood straight upright, not supporting himself with his stick, and the .経営者／支配人 did not see that he was lame. 'Yes,' he said, 'we want two men in the cellars. Perhaps you would do. Come inside.' Then Boris moved, the game was up. 'Ah,' said the 経営者／支配人, 'you limp. Malheureusement—'

We 入会させるd our 指名するs at 機関s and answered 宣伝s, but walking everywhere made us slow, and we seemed to 行方不明になる every 職業 by half an hour. Once we very nearly got a 職業 swabbing out 鉄道 トラックで運ぶs, but at the last moment they 拒絶するd us in favour of Frenchmen. Once we answered an 宣伝 calling for 手渡すs at a circus. You had to 転換 （法廷の）裁判s and clean up litter, and, during the 業績／成果, stand on two tubs and let a lion jump through your 脚s. When we got to the place, an hour before the time 指名するd, we 設立する a 列 of fifty men already waiting. There is some attraction in lions, evidently.

Once an 機関 to which I had 適用するd months earlier sent me a petit bleu, telling me of an Italian gentleman who 手配中の，お尋ね者 English lessons. The petit bleu said 'Come at once' and 約束d twenty フランs an hour. Boris and I were in despair. Here was a splendid chance, and I could not take it, for it was impossible to go to the 機関 with my coat out at the 肘. Then it occurred to us that I could wear Boris's coat—it did not match my trousers, but the trousers were grey and might pass for flannel at a short distance. The coat was so much too big for me that I had to wear it unbuttoned and keep one 手渡す in my pocket. I hurried out, and wasted seventy-five centimes on a bus fare to get to the 機関. When I got there I 設立する that the Italian had changed his mind and left Paris.

Once Boris 示唆するd that I should go to Les Halles and try for a 職業 as a porter. I arrived at half-past four in the morning, when the work was getting into its swing. Seeing a short, fat man in a bowler hat directing some porters, I went up to him and asked for work. Before answering he 掴むd my 権利 手渡す and felt the palm.

'You are strong, eh?' he said.

'Very strong,' I said untruly.

'Bien. Let me see you 解除する that crate.'

It was a 抱擁する wicker basket 十分な of potatoes. I took 持つ／拘留する of it, and 設立する that, so far from 解除するing it, I could not even move it. The man in the bowler hat watched me, then shrugged his shoulders and turned away. I made off. When I had gone some distance I looked 支援する and saw four men 解除するing the basket on to a cart. It 重さを計るd three hundredweight, かもしれない. The man had seen that I was no use, and taken this way of getting rid of me.

いつかs in his 希望に満ちた moments Boris spent fifty centimes on a stamp and wrote to one of his ex-mistresses, asking for money. Only one of them ever replied. It was a woman who, besides having been his mistress, 借りがあるd him two hundred フランs. When Boris saw the letter waiting and 認めるd the handwriting, he was wild with hope. We 掴むd the letter and 急ぐd up to Boris's room to read it, like a child with stolen 甘いs. Boris read the letter, then 手渡すd it silently to me. It ran:

My Little 心にいだくd Wolf,

With what delight did I open thy charming letter, reminding me of the days of our perfect love, and of the so dear kisses which I have received from thy lips. Such memories ぐずぐず残る for ever in the heart, like the perfume of a flower that is dead.

As to thy request for two hundred フランs, 式のs! it is impossible. Thou dost not know, my dear one, how I am desolated to hear of thy 当惑s. But what wouldst thou? In this life which is so sad, trouble conies to everyone. I too have had my 株. My little sister has been ill (ah, the poor little one, how she 苦しむd!) and we are 強いるd to 支払う／賃金 I know not what to the doctor. All our money is gone and we are passing, I 保証する thee, very difficult days.

Courage, my little wolf, always the courage! Remember that the bad days are not for ever, and the trouble which seems so terrible will disappear at last.

残り／休憩（する） 保証するd, my dear one, that I will remember thee always. And receive the most sincere embraces of her who has never 中止するd to love thee, thy

Yvonne

This letter disappointed Boris so much that he went straight to bed and would not look for work again that day. My sixty フランs lasted about a fortnight. I had given up the pretence of going out to restaurants, and we used to eat in my room, one of us sitting on the bed and the other on the 議長，司会を務める. Boris would 与える／捧げる his two フランs and I three or four フランs, and we would buy bread, potatoes, milk and cheese, and make soup over my spirit lamp. We had a saucepan and a coffee-bowl and one spoon; every day there was a polite squabble as to who should eat out of the saucepan and who out of the coffee-bowl (the saucepan held more), and every day, to my secret 怒り／怒る, Boris gave in first and had the saucepan. いつかs we had more bread in the evening, いつかs not. Our linen was getting filthy, and it was three weeks since I had had a bath; Boris, so he said, had not had a bath for months. It was タバコ that made everything tolerable. We had plenty of タバコ, for some time before Boris had met a 兵士 (the 兵士s are given their タバコ 解放する／自由な) and bought twenty or thirty packets at fifty centimes each.

All this was far worse for Boris than for me. The walking and sleeping on the 床に打ち倒す kept his 脚 and 支援する in constant 苦痛, and with his 広大な ロシアの appetite he 苦しむd torments of hunger, though he never seemed to grow thinner. On the whole he was surprisingly gay, and he had 広大な capacities for hope. He used to say 本気で that he had a patron saint who watched over him, and when things were very bad he would search the gutter for money, 説 that the saint often dropped a two-フラン piece there. One day we were waiting in the rue 王室の; there was a ロシアの restaurant 近づく by, and we were going to ask for a 職業 there. Suddenly, Boris made up his mind to go into the Madeleine and bum a fifty-centime candle to his patron saint. Then, coming out, he said that he would be on the 安全な 味方する, and solemnly put a match to a fifty-centime stamp, as a sacrifice to the immortal gods. Perhaps the gods and the saints did not get on together; at any 率, we 行方不明になるd the 職業.

On some mornings Boris 崩壊（する）d in the most utter despair. He would 嘘（をつく） in bed almost weeping, 悪口を言う／悪態ing the Jew with whom he lived. Of late the Jew had become restive about 支払う／賃金ing the daily two フランs, and, what was worse, had begun putting on intolerable 空気／公表するs of patronage. Boris said that I, as an Englishman, could not conceive what 拷問 it was to a ロシアの of family to be at the mercy of a Jew.

'A Jew, mon ami, a veritable Jew! And he hasn't even the decency to be ashamed of it. To think that I, a captain in the ロシアの Army—have I ever told you, mon ami, that I was a captain in the Second Siberian ライフル銃／探して盗むs? Yes, a captain, and my father was a 陸軍大佐. And here I am, eating the bread of a Jew. A Jew...

'I will tell you what Jews are like. Once, in the 早期に months of the war, we were on the march, and we had 停止（させる）d at a village for the night. A horrible old Jew, with a red 耐えるd like Judas Iscariot, （機の）カム こそこそ動くing up to my billet. I asked him what he 手配中の，お尋ね者. "Your honour," he said, "I have brought a girl for you, a beautiful young girl only seventeen. It will only be fifty フランs." "Thank you," I said, "you can take her away again. I don't want to catch any 病気s." "病気s!" cried the Jew, "mais, monsieur le capitaine, there's no 恐れる of that. It's my own daughter!" That is the ユダヤ人の 国家の character for you.

'Have I ever told you, mon ami, that in the old ロシアの Army it was considered bad form to spit on a Jew? Yes, we thought a ロシアの officer's spittle was too precious to be wasted on Jews...' etc. etc.

On these days Boris usually 宣言するd himself too ill to go out and look for work. He would 嘘（をつく） till evening in the greyish, verminous sheets, smoking and reading old newspapers. いつかs we played chess. We had no board, but we wrote 負かす／撃墜する the moves on a piece of paper, and afterwards we made a board from the 味方する of a packing—事例／患者, and a 始める，決める of men from buttons, ベルギー coins and the like. Boris, like many ロシアのs, had a passion for chess. It was a 説 of his that the 支配するs of chess are the same as the 支配するs of love and war, and that if you can 勝利，勝つ at one you can 勝利，勝つ at the others. But he also said that if you have a chessboard you do not mind 存在 hungry, which was certainly not true in my 事例／患者.

VII

MY money oozed away—to eight フランs, to four フランs, to one フラン, to twenty-five centimes; and twenty-five centimes is useless, for it will buy nothing except a newspaper. We went several days on 乾燥した，日照りの bread, and then I was two and a half days with nothing to eat whatever. This was an ugly experience. There are people who do 急速な／放蕩なing cures of three weeks or more, and they say that 急速な／放蕩なing is やめる pleasant after the fourth day; I do not know, never having gone beyond the third day. Probably it seems different when one is doing it 任意に and is not underfed at the start.

The first day, too inert to look for work, I borrowed a 棒 and went fishing in the Seine, baiting with bluebottles. I hoped to catch enough for a meal, but of course I did not. The Seine is 十分な of dace, but they grew cunning during the 包囲 of Paris, and 非，不，無 of them has been caught since, except in 逮捕するs. On the second day I thought of pawning my overcoat, but it seemed too far to walk to the pawnshop, and I spent the day in bed, reading the Memoirs Of Sherlock Holmes. It was all that I felt equal to, without food. Hunger 減ずるs one to an utterly spineless, brainless 条件, more like the after-影響s of influenza than anything else. It is as though one had been turned into a jellyfish, or as though all one's 血 had been pumped out and luke-warm water 代用品，人d. 完全にする inertia is my 長，指導者 memory of hunger; that, and 存在 強いるd to spit very frequently, and the spittle 存在 curiously white and flocculent, like cuckoo-spit. I do not know the 推論する／理由 for this, but everyone who has gone hungry several days has noticed it.

On the third morning I felt very much better. I realized that I must do something at once, and I decided to go and ask Boris to let me 株 his two フランs, at any 率 for a day or two. When I arrived I 設立する Boris in bed, and furiously angry. As soon as I （機の）カム in he burst out, almost choking:

'He has taken it 支援する, the dirty どろぼう! He has taken it 支援する!'

'Who's taken what?' I said.

'The Jew! Taken my two フランs, the dog, the どろぼう! He robbed me in my sleep!'

It appeared that on the previous night the Jew had きっぱりと 辞退するd to 支払う／賃金 the daily two フランs. They had argued and argued, and at last the Jew had 同意d to を引き渡す the money; he had done it, Boris said, in the most 不快な／攻撃 manner, making a little speech about how 肉親，親類d he was, and だまし取るing abject 感謝. And then in the morning he had stolen the money 支援する before Boris was awake.

This was a blow. I was horribly disappointed, for I had 許すd my belly to 推定する／予想する food, a 広大な／多数の／重要な mistake when one is hungry. However, rather to my surprise, Boris was far from despairing. He sat up in bed, lighted his 麻薬を吸う and reviewed the 状況／情勢.

'Now listen, mon ami, this is a tight corner. We have only twenty-five centimes between us, and I don't suppose the Jew will ever 支払う／賃金 my two フランs again. In any 事例／患者 his behaviour is becoming intolerable. Will you believe it, the other night he had the わいせつ to bring a woman in here, while I was there on the 床に打ち倒す. The low animal! And I have a worse thing to tell you. The Jew ーするつもりであるs （疑いを）晴らすing out of here. He 借りがあるs a week's rent, and his idea is to 避ける 支払う／賃金ing that and give me the slip at the same time. If the Jew shoots the moon I shall be left without a roof, and the patron will take my スーツケース in lieu of rent, 悪口を言う／悪態 him! We have got to make a vigorous move.'

'All 権利. But what can we do? It seems to me that the only thing is to pawn our overcoats and get some food.'

'We'll do that, of course, but I must get my 所有／入手s out of this house first. To think of my photographs 存在 掴むd! 井戸／弁護士席, my 計画（する） is ready. I'm going to forestall the Jew and shoot the moon myself. F——le （軍の）野営地，陣営—退却／保養地, you understand. I think that is the 訂正する move, eh?'

'But, my dear Boris, how can you, in daytime? You're bound to be caught.'

'Ah 井戸／弁護士席, it will need 戦略, of course. Our patron is on the watch for people slipping out without 支払う／賃金ing their rent; he's been had that way before. He and his wife take it in turns all day to sit in the office— what misers, these Frenchmen! But I have thought of a way to do it, if you will help.'

I did not feel in a very helpful mood, but I asked Boris what his 計画（する） was. He explained it carefully.

'Now listen. We must start by pawning our overcoats. First go 支援する to your room and fetch your overcoat, then come 支援する here and fetch 地雷, and 密輸する it out under cover of yours. Take them to the pawnshop in the rue des フランs Bourgeois. You せねばならない get twenty フランs for the two, with luck. Then go 負かす／撃墜する to the Seine bank and fill your pockets with 石／投石するs, and bring them 支援する and put them in my スーツケース. You see the idea? I shall 包む as many of my things as I can carry in a newspaper, and go 負かす／撃墜する and ask the patron the way to the nearest laundry. I shall be very brazen and casual, you understand, and of course the patron will think the bundle is nothing but dirty linen. Or, if he does 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う anything, he will do what he always does, the mean こそこそ動く; he will go up to my room and feel the 負わせる of my スーツケース. And when he feels the 負わせる of 石／投石するs he will think it is still 十分な. 戦略, eh? Then afterwards I can come 支援する and carry my other things out in my pockets.'

'But what about the スーツケース?'

'Oh, that? We shall have to abandon it. The 哀れな thing only cost about twenty フランs. Besides, one always abandons something in a 退却／保養地. Look at Napoleon at the Beresina! He abandoned his whole army.'

Boris was so pleased with this 計画／陰謀 (he called it ruse de guerre) that he almost forgot 存在 hungry. Its main 証拠不十分—that he would have nowhere to sleep after 狙撃 the moon—he ignored.

At first the ruse de guerre worked 井戸／弁護士席. I went home and fetched my overcoat (that made already nine kilometres, on an empty belly) and 密輸するd Boris's coat out 首尾よく. Then a hitch occurred. The receiver at the pawnshop, a 汚い, sour-直面するd, 干渉するing, little man—a typical French 公式の／役人—辞退するd the coats on the ground that they were not wrapped up in anything. He said that they must be put either in a valise or a cardboard box. This spoiled everything, for we had no box of any 肉親，親類d, and with only twenty-five centimes between us we could not buy one.

I went 支援する and told Boris the bad news. 'Merde!' he said, 'that makes it ぎこちない. 井戸／弁護士席, no 事柄, there is always a way. We'll put the overcoats in my スーツケース.'

'But how are we to get the スーツケース past the patron? He's sitting almost in the door of the office. It's impossible!'

'How easily you despair, mon ami! Where is that English obstinacy that I have read of? Courage! We'll manage it.'

Boris thought for a little while, and then produced another cunning 計画（する）. The 必須の difficulty was to 持つ／拘留する the patron's attention for perhaps five seconds, while we could slip past with the スーツケース. But, as it happened, the patron had just one weak 位置／汚点／見つけ出す—that he was 利益／興味d in Le Sport, and was ready to talk if you approached him on this 支配する. Boris read an article about bicycle races in an old copy of the Petit Parisien, and then, when he had reconnoitred the stairs, went 負かす／撃墜する and managed to 始める，決める the patron talking. 一方／合間, I waited at the foot of the stairs, with the overcoats under one arm and the スーツケース under the other. Boris was to give a cough when he thought the moment favourable. I waited trembling, for at any moment the patron's wife might come out of the door opposite the office, and then the game was up. However, presently Boris coughed. I こそこそ動くd 速く past the office and out into the street, rejoicing that my shoes did not creak. The 計画（する） might have failed if Boris had been thinner, for his big shoulders 封鎖するd the doorway of the office. His 神経 was splendid, too; he went on laughing and talking in the most casual way, and so loud that he やめる covered any noise I made. When I was 井戸／弁護士席 away he （機の）カム and joined me 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the corner, and we bolted.

And then, after all our trouble, the receiver at the pawnshop again 辞退するd the overcoats. He told me (one could see his French soul revelling in the pedantry of it) that I had not 十分な papers of 身元確認，身分証明; my carte d'identité was not enough, and I must show a パスポート or 演説（する）／住所d envelopes. Boris had 演説（する）／住所d envelopes by the 得点する／非難する／２０, but his carte d'identité was out of order (he never 新たにするd it, so as to 避ける the 税金), so we could not pawn the overcoats in his 指名する. All we could do was to trudge up to my room, get the necessary papers, and take the coats to the pawnshop in the Boulevard Port 王室の.

I left Boris at my room and went 負かす／撃墜する to the pawnshop. When I got there I 設立する that it was shut and would not open till four in the afternoon. It was now about half-past one, and I had walked twelve kilometres and had no food for sixty hours. 運命／宿命 seemed to be playing a 一連の extraordinarily unamusing jokes.

Then the luck changed as though by a 奇蹟. I was walking home through the Rue Broca when suddenly, glittering on the cobbles, I saw a five-sou piece. I pounced on it, hurried home, got our other five-sou piece and bought a 続けざまに猛撃する of potatoes. There was only enough alcohol in the stove to parboil them, and we had no salt, but we wolfed them, 肌s and all. After that we felt like new men, and sat playing chess till the pawnshop opened.

At four o'clock I went 支援する to the pawnshop. I was not 希望に満ちた, for if I had only got seventy フランs before, what could I 推定する／予想する for two shabby overcoats in a cardboard スーツケース? Boris had said twenty フランs, but I thought it would be ten フランs, or even five. Worse yet, I might be 辞退するd altogether, like poor Numéro 83 on the previous occasion. I sat on the 前線 （法廷の）裁判, so as not to see people laughing when the clerk said five フランs.

At last the clerk called my number: 'Numéro 117!'

'Yes,' I said, standing up.

'Fifty フランs?'

It was almost as 広大な／多数の／重要な a shock as the seventy フランs had been the time before. I believe now that the clerk had mixed my number up with someone else's, for one could not have sold the coats 完全な for fifty フランs. I hurried home and walked into my room with my 手渡すs behind my 支援する, 説 nothing. Boris was playing with the chessboard. He looked up 熱望して.

'What did you get?' he exclaimed. 'What, not twenty フランs? Surely you got ten フランs, anyway? Nom de Dieu, five フランs—that is a bit too 厚い. Mon ami, don't say it was five フランs. If you say it was five フランs I shall really begin to think of 自殺.'

I threw the fifty-フラン, 公式文書，認める on to the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する. Boris turned white as chalk, and then, springing up, 掴むd my 手渡す and gave it a 支配する that almost broke the bones. We ran out, bought bread and ワイン, a piece of meat and alcohol for the stove, and gorged.

After eating, Boris became more 楽観的な than I had ever known him. 'What did I tell you?' he said. 'The fortune of war! This morning with five sous, and now look at us. I have always said it, there is nothing easier to get than money. And that reminds me, I have a friend in the rue Fondary whom we might go and see. He has cheated me of four thousand フランs, the どろぼう. He is the greatest どろぼう alive when he is sober, but it is a curious thing, he is やめる honest when he is drunk. I should think he would be drunk by six in the evening. Let's go and find him. Very likely he will 支払う／賃金 up a hundred on account. Merde! He might 支払う／賃金 two hundred. Allons-y!'

We went to the rue Fondary and 設立する the man, and he was drunk, but we did not get our hundred フランs. As soon as he and Boris met there was a terrible altercation on the pavement. The other man 宣言するd that he did not 借りがある Boris a penny, but that on the contrary Boris 借りがあるd him four thousand フランs, and both of them kept 控訴，上告ing to me for my opinion. I never understood the 権利s of the 事柄. The two argued and argued, first in the street, then in a bistro, then in a prix 直す／買収する，八百長をする restaurant where we went for dinner, then in another bistro. Finally, having called one another thieves for two hours, they went off together on a drinking 一区切り／（ボクシングなどの）試合 that finished up the last sou of Boris's money.

Boris slept the night at the house of a cobbler, another ロシアの 難民, in the 商業 ４半期/4分の1. 一方／合間, I had eight フランs left, and plenty of cigarettes, and was stuffed to the 注目する，もくろむs with food and drink. It was a marvellous change for the better after two bad days.

VIII

WE had now twenty-eight フランs in 手渡す, and could start looking for work once more. Boris was still sleeping, on some mysterious 条件, at the house of the cobbler, and he had managed to borrow another twenty フランs from a ロシアの friend. He had friends, mostly ex-officers like himself, here and there all over Paris. Some were waiters or dishwashers, some drove taxis, a few lived on women, some had managed to bring money away from Russia and owned garages or dancing-halls. In general, the ロシアの 難民s in Paris are hard-working people, and have put up with/their bad luck far better than one can imagine Englishmen of the same class doing. There are exceptions, of course. Boris told me of an 追放するd ロシアの duke whom he had once met, who たびたび（訪れる）d expensive restaurants. The duke would find out if there was a ロシアの officer の中で the waiters, and, after he had dined, call him in a friendly way to his （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する.

'Ah,' the duke would say, 'so you are an old 兵士, like myself? These are bad days, eh? 井戸／弁護士席, 井戸／弁護士席, the ロシアの 兵士 恐れるs nothing. And what was your 連隊?'

'The so-and-so, sir,' the waiter would answer.

'A very gallant 連隊! I 検査／視察するd them in 1912. By the way, I have unfortunately left my notecase at home. A ロシアの officer will, I know, 強いる me with three hundred フランs.'

If the waiter had three hundred フランs he would 手渡す it over, and, of course, never see it again. The duke made やめる a lot in this way. Probably the waiters did not mind 存在 搾取するd. A duke is a duke, even in 追放する.

It was through one of these ロシアの 難民s that Boris heard of something which seemed to 約束 money. Two days after we had pawned the overcoats, Boris said to me rather mysteriously:

'Tell me, mon ami, have you any political opinions?'

'No,'I said.

'Neither have I. Of course, one is always a 愛国者; but still—Did not Moses say something about spoiling the Egyptians? As an Englishman you will have read the Bible. What I mean is, would you 反対する to 収入 money from 共産主義者s?'

'No, of course not.'

'井戸／弁護士席, it appears that there is a ロシアの secret society in Paris who might do something for us. They are 共産主義者s; in fact they are スパイ／執行官s for the Bolsheviks. They 行為／法令／行動する as a friendly society, get in touch with 追放するd ロシアのs, and try to get them to turn Bolshevik. My friend has joined their society, and he thinks they would help us if we went to them.'

'But what can they do for us? In any 事例／患者 they won't help me, as I'm not a ロシアの.'

'That is just the point. It seems that they are 特派員s for a Moscow paper, and they want some articles on English politics. If we got to them at once they may （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 you to 令状 the articles.'

'Me? But I don't know anything about politics.'

'Merde! Neither do they. Who does know anything about politics? It's 平易な. All you have to do is to copy it out of the English papers. Isn't there a Paris Daily Mail? Copy it from that.'

'But the Daily Mail is a 保守的な paper. They loathe the 共産主義者s.'

'井戸／弁護士席, say the opposite of what the Daily Mail says, then you can't be wrong. We mustn't throw this chance away, mon ami. It might mean hundreds of フランs.'

I did not like the idea, for the Paris police are very hard on 共産主義者s, 特に if they are foreigners, and I was already under 疑惑. Some months before, a 探偵，刑事 had seen me come out of the office of a 共産主義者 週刊誌 paper, and I had had a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of trouble with the police. If they caught me going to this secret society, it might mean 国外追放. However, the chance seemed too good to be 行方不明になるd. That afternoon Boris's friend, another waiter, （機の）カム to take us to the rendezvous. I cannot remember the 指名する of the street—it was a shabby street running south from the Seine bank, somewhere 近づく the 議会 of 副s. Boris's friend 主張するd on 広大な／多数の／重要な 警告を与える. We loitered casually 負かす／撃墜する the street, 示すd the doorway we were to enter—it was a laundry—and then strolled 支援する again, keeping an 注目する，もくろむ on all the windows and cafés. If the place were known as a haunt of 共産主義者s it was probably watched, and we ーするつもりであるd to go home if we saw anyone at all like a 探偵，刑事. I was 脅すd, but Boris enjoyed these conspiratorial 訴訟／進行s, and やめる forgot that he was about to 貿易（する） with the slayers of his parents.

When we were 確かな that the coast was （疑いを）晴らす we dived quickly into the doorway. In the laundry was a Frenchwoman アイロンをかけるing 着せる／賦与するs, who told us that 'the ロシアの gentlemen' lived up a staircase across the 中庭. We went up several flights of dark stairs and 現れるd on to a 上陸. A strong, surly-looking young man, with hair growing low on his 長，率いる, was standing at the 最高の，を越す of the stairs. As I （機の）カム up he looked at me suspiciously, 閉めだした the way with his arm and said something in ロシアの.

'Mot d'ordre!' he said はっきりと when I did not answer.

I stopped, startled. I had not 推定する／予想するd passwords.

'Mot d'ordre!' repeated the ロシアの.

Boris's friend, who was walking behind, now （機の）カム 今後 and said something in ロシアの, either the password or an explanation. At this, the surly young man seemed 満足させるd, and led us into a small, shabby room with 霜d windows. It was like a very poverty-stricken office, with 宣伝 posters in ロシアの lettering and a 抱擁する, 天然のまま picture of Lenin tacked on the 塀で囲むs. At the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する sat an unshaven ロシアの in shirt sleeves, 演説（する）／住所ing newspaper wrappers from a pile in 前線 of him. As I （機の）カム in he spoke to me in French, with a bad accent.

'This is very careless!' he exclaimed fussily. 'Why have you come here without a 小包 of washing?'

'Washing?'

'Everybody who comes here brings washing. It looks as though they were going to the laundry downstairs. Bring a good, large bundle next time. We don't want the police on our 跡をつけるs.'

This was even more conspiratorial than I had 推定する／予想するd. Boris sat 負かす／撃墜する in the only 空いている 議長，司会を務める, and there was a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of talking in ロシアの. Only the unshaven man talked; the surly one leaned against the 塀で囲む with his 注目する，もくろむs on me, as though he still 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑うd me. It was queer, standing in the little secret room with its 革命の posters, listening to a conversation of which I did not understand a word. The ロシアのs talked quickly and 熱望して, with smiles and shrugs of the shoulders. I wondered what it was all about. They would be calling each other 'little father', I thought, and 'little dove', and 'Ivan Alexandrovitch', like the characters in ロシアの novels. And the talk would be of 革命s. The unshaven man would be 説 堅固に, 'We never argue. 論争 is a bourgeois pastime. 行為s are our arguments.' Then I gathered that it was not this 正確に／まさに. Twenty フランs was 存在 需要・要求するd, for an 入り口 料金 明らかに, and Boris was 約束ing to 支払う／賃金 it (we had just seventeen フランs in the world). Finally Boris produced our precious 蓄える／店 of money and paid five フランs on account.

At this the surly man looked いっそう少なく 怪しげな, and sat 負かす／撃墜する on the 辛勝する／優位 of the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する. The unshaven one began to question me in French, making 公式文書，認めるs on a slip of paper. Was I a 共産主義者? he asked. By sympathy, I answered; I had never joined any organization. Did I understand the political 状況／情勢 in England? Oh, of course, of course. I について言及するd the 指名するs of さまざまな 大臣s, and made some contemptuous 発言／述べるs about the 労働 Party. And what about Le Sport? Could I do articles on Le Sport? (Football and 社会主義 have some mysterious connexion on the Continent.) Oh, of course, again. Both men nodded 厳粛に. The unshaven one said:

'Évidemment, you have a 徹底的な knowledge of 条件s in England. Could you 請け負う to 令状 a 一連の articles for a Moscow 週刊誌 paper? We will give you the particulars.'

'Certainly.'

'Then, comrade, you will hear from us by the first 地位，任命する tomorrow. Or かもしれない the second 地位，任命する. Our 率 of 支払う／賃金 is a hundred and fifty フランs an article. Remember to bring a 小包 of washing next time you come. Au revoir, comrade.'

We went downstairs, looked carefully out of the laundry to see if there was anyone in the street, and slipped out. Boris was wild with joy. In a sort of sacrificial ecstasy he 急ぐd into the nearest tobacconist's and spent fifty centimes on a cigar. He （機の）カム out 強くたたくing his stick on the pavement and beaming.

'At last! At last! Now, mon ami, out fortune really is made. You took them in finely. Did you hear him call you comrade? A hundred and fifty フランs an article—Nom de Dieu, what luck!'

Next morning when I heard the postman I 急ぐd 負かす／撃墜する to the bistro for my letter; to my 失望, it had not come. I stayed at home for the second 地位，任命する; still no letter. When three days had gone by and I had not heard from the secret society, we gave up hope, deciding that they must have 設立する somebody else to do their articles.

Ten days later we made another visit to the office of the secret society, taking care to bring a 小包 that looked like washing. And the secret society had 消えるd! The woman in the laundry knew nothing—she 簡単に said that 'ces messieurs' had left some days ago, after trouble about the rent. What fools we looked, standing there with our 小包! But it was a なぐさみ that we had paid only five フランs instead of twenty.

And that was the last we ever heard of the secret society. Who or what they really were, nobody knew. 本人自身で I do not think they had anything to do with the 共産主義者 Party; I think they were 簡単に 詐欺師s, who preyed upon ロシアの 難民s by 抽出するing 入り口 料金s to an imaginary society. It was やめる 安全な, and no 疑問 they are still doing it in some other city. They were clever fellows, and played their part admirably. Their office looked 正確に／まさに as a secret 共産主義者 office should look, and as for that touch about bringing a 小包 of washing, it was genius.

9

FOR three more days we continued traipsing about looking for work, coming home for 減らすing meals of soup and bread in my bedroom. There were now two gleams of hope. In the first place, Boris had heard of a possible 職業 at the Hôtel X, 近づく the Place de la Concorde, and in the second, the patron of the new restaurant in the rue du 商業 had at last come 支援する. We went 負かす／撃墜する in the afternoon and saw him. On the way Boris talked of the 広大な fortunes we should make if we got this 職業, and on the importance of making a good impression on the patron.

'外見—外見 is everything, mon ami. Give me a new 控訴 and I will borrow a thousand フランs by dinner-time. What a pity I did not buy a collar when we had money. I turned my collar inside out this morning; but what is the use, one 味方する is as dirty as the other. Do you think I look hungry, mon ami?'

'You look pale.'

'悪口を言う／悪態 it, what can one do on bread and potatoes? It is 致命的な to look hungry. It makes people want to kick you. Wait.'

He stopped at a jeweller's window and smacked his cheeks はっきりと to bring the 血 into them. Then, before the 紅潮／摘発する had faded, we hurried into the restaurant and introduced ourselves to the patron.

The patron was a short, fattish, very dignified man with wavy grey hair, dressed in a smart, 二塁打-breasted flannel 控訴 and smelling of scent. Boris told me that he too was an ex-陸軍大佐 of the ロシアの Army. His wife was there too, a horrid, fat Frenchwoman with a dead-white 直面する and scarlet lips, reminding me of 冷淡な veal and tomatoes. The patron 迎える／歓迎するd Boris genially, and they talked together in ロシアの for a few minutes. I stood in the background, 準備するing to tell some big lies about my experience as a dish-washer.

Then the patron （機の）カム over に向かって me. I shuffled uneasily, trying to look servile. Boris had rubbed it into me that a plongeur is a slave's slave, and I 推定する／予想するd the patron to 扱う／治療する me like dirt. To my astonishment, he 掴むd me 温かく by the 手渡す.

'So you are an Englishman!' he exclaimed. 'But how charming! I need not ask, then, whether you are a golfer?'

'Mais certainement,' I said, seeing that this was 推定する／予想するd of me.

'All my life I have 手配中の，お尋ね者 to play ゴルフ. Will you, my dear monsieur, be so 肉親，親類d as to show me a few of the 主要な／長／主犯 一打／打撃s?'

明らかに this was the ロシアの way of doing 商売／仕事. The patron listened attentively while I explained the difference between a driver and an アイロンをかける, and then suddenly 知らせるd me that it was all entendu; Boris was to be maître d'hôtel when the restaurant opened, and I plongeur, with a chance of rising to lavatory attendant if 貿易（する） was good. When would the restaurant open? I asked. '正確に／まさに a fortnight from today,' the patron answered grandly (he had a manner of waving his 手渡す and flicking off his cigarette ash at the same time, which looked very grand), '正確に／まさに a fortnight from today, in time for lunch.' Then, with obvious pride, he showed us over the restaurant.

It was a smallish place, consisting of a 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業, a dining-room, and a kitchen no bigger than the 普通の／平均（する） bathroom. The patron was decorating it in a trumpery 'picturesque' style (he called it 'le Normand'; it was a 事柄 of sham beams stuck on the plaster, and the like) and 提案するd to call it the Auberge de Jehan Cottard, to give a 中世 影響. He had a ちらし printed, 十分な of lies about the historical 協会s of the ４半期/4分の1, and this ちらし 現実に （人命などを）奪う，主張するd, の中で other things, that there had once been an inn on the 場所／位置 of the restaurant which was たびたび（訪れる）d by Charlemagne. The patron was very pleased with this touch. He was also having the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 decorated with indecent pictures by an artist from the Salon. Finally he gave us each an expensive cigarette, and after some more talk he went home.

I felt 堅固に that we should never get any good from this restaurant. The patron had looked to me like a cheat, and, what was worse, an incompetent cheat, and I had seen two unmistakable duns hanging about the 支援する door. But Boris, seeing himself a maître d'hôtel once more, would not be discouraged.

'We've brought it off—only a fortnight to 持つ／拘留する out. What is a fortnight? Je m'en f——. To think that in only three weeks I shall have my mistress! Will she be dark or fair, I wonder? I don't mind, so long as she is not too thin.'

Two bad days followed. We had only sixty centimes left, and we spent it on half a 続けざまに猛撃する of bread, with a piece of garlic to rub it with. The point of rubbing garlic on bread is that the taste ぐずぐず残るs and gives one the illusion of having fed recently. We sat most of that day in the Jardin des 工場／植物s. Boris had 発射s with 石／投石するs at the tame pigeons, but always 行方不明になるd them, and after that we wrote dinner menus on the 支援するs of envelopes. We were too hungry even to try and think of anything except food. I remember the dinner Boris finally selected for himself. It was: a dozen oysters, bortch soup (the red, 甘い, beetroot soup with cream on 最高の，を越す), crayfishes, a young chicken en casserole, beef with stewed plums, new potatoes, a salad, suet pudding and Roquefort cheese, with a litre of Burgundy and some old brandy. Boris had international tastes in food. Later on, when we were 繁栄する, I occasionally saw him eat meals almost as large without difficulty.

When our money （機の）カム to an end I stopped looking for work, and was another day without food. I did not believe that the Auberge de Jehan Cottard was really going to open, and I could see no other prospect, but I was too lazy to do anything but 嘘（をつく） in bed. Then the luck changed 突然の. At night, at about ten o'clock, I heard an eager shout from the street. I got up and went to the window. Boris was there, waving his stick and beaming. Before speaking he dragged a bent loaf from his pocket and threw it up to me.

'Mon ami, mon cher ami, we're saved! What do you think?'

'Surely you 港／避難所't got a 職業!'

'At the Hôtel X, 近づく the Place de la Concorde—five hundred フランs a month, and food. I have been working there today. 指名する of Jesus Christ, how I have eaten!'

After ten or twelve hours' work, and with his game 脚, his first thought had been to walk three kilometres to my hotel and tell me the good news! What was more, he told me to 会合，会う him in the Tuileries the next day during his afternoon interval, in 事例／患者 he should be able to steal some food for me. At the 任命するd time I met Boris on a public （法廷の）裁判. He undid his waistcoat and produced a large, 鎮圧するd, newspaper packet; in it were some minced veal, a wedge of Camembert cheese, bread and an éclair, all jumbled together.

'Voilà!' said Boris, 'that's all I could 密輸する out for you. The doorkeeper is a cunning swine.'

It is disagreeable to eat out of a newspaper on a public seat, 特に in the Tuileries, which are 一般に 十分な of pretty girls, but I was too hungry to care. While I ate, Boris explained that he was working in the cafeterie of the hotel—that is, in English, the stillroom. It appeared that the cafeterie was the very lowest 地位，任命する in the hotel, and a dreadful come-負かす／撃墜する for a waiter, but it would do until the Auberge de Jehan Cottard opened. 一方／合間 I was to 会合，会う Boris every day in the Tuileries, and he would 密輸する out as much food as he dared. For three days we continued with this 協定, and I lived 完全に on the stolen food. Then all our troubles （機の）カム to an end, for one of the plongeurs left the Hôtel X, and on Boris's 推薦 I was given a 職業 there myself.

X

THE Hôtel X was a 広大な, grandiose place with a classical facade, and at one 味方する a little, dark doorway like a ネズミ-穴を開ける, which was the service 入り口. I arrived at a ４半期/4分の1 to seven in the morning. A stream of men with greasy trousers were hurrying in and 存在 checked by a doorkeeper who sat in a tiny office. I waited, and presently the chef du 職員／兵員, a sort of assistant 経営者／支配人, arrived and began to question me. He was an Italian, with a 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, pale 直面する, haggard from overwork. He asked whether I was an experienced dishwasher, and I said that I was; he ちらりと見ることd at my 手渡すs and saw that I was lying, but on 審理，公聴会 that I was an Englishman he changed his トン and engaged me.

'We have been looking for someone to practise our English on,' he said. 'Our （弁護士の）依頼人s are all Americans, and the only English we know is——' He repeated something that little boys 令状 on the 塀で囲むs in London. 'You may be useful. Come downstairs.'

He led me 負かす／撃墜する a winding staircase into a 狭くする passage, 深い 地下組織の, and so low that I had to stoop in places. It was stiflingly hot and very dark, with only 薄暗い, yellow bulbs several yards apart. There seemed to be miles of dark labyrinthine passages—現実に, I suppose, a few hundred yards in all—that reminded one queerly of the lower decks of a liner; there were the same heat and cramped space and warm reek of food, and a humming, whirring noise (it （機の）カム from the kitchen furnaces) just like the whir of engines. We passed doorways which let out いつかs a shouting of 誓いs, いつかs the red glare of a 解雇する／砲火／射撃, once a shuddering draught from an ice 議会. As we went along, something struck me violently in the 支援する. It was a hundred-続けざまに猛撃する 封鎖する of ice, carried by a blue-aproned porter. After him （機の）カム a boy with a 広大な／多数の／重要な 厚板 of veal on his shoulder, his cheek 圧力（をかける）d into the damp, spongy flesh. They 押すd me aside with a cry of 'Sauve-toi, idiot!' and 急ぐd on. On the 塀で囲む, under one of the lights, someone had written in a very neat 手渡す: 'Sooner will you find a cloudless sky in winter, than a woman at the Hôtel X who has her maidenhead.' It seemed a queer sort of place.

One of the passages 支店d off into a laundry, where an old, skull-直面するd woman gave me a blue apron and a pile of dishcloths. Then the chef du 職員／兵員 took me to a tiny 地下組織の den—a cellar below a cellar, as it were—where there were a 沈む and some gas-ovens. It was too low for me to stand やめる upright, and the 気温 was perhaps 110 degrees Fahrenheit. The chef du 職員／兵員 explained that my 職業 was to fetch meals for the higher hotel 従業員s, who fed in a small dining-room above, clean their room and wash their crockery. When he had gone, a waiter, another Italian, thrust a 猛烈な／残忍な, fuzzy 長，率いる into the doorway and looked 負かす／撃墜する at me.

'English, eh?' he said. '井戸／弁護士席, I'm in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 here. If you work 井戸／弁護士席' —he made the 動議 of up-ending a 瓶／封じ込める and sucked noisily. 'If you don't'—he gave the doorpost several vigorous kicks. 'To me, 新たな展開ing your neck would be no more than spitting on the 床に打ち倒す. And if there's any trouble, they'll believe me, not you. So be careful.'

After this I 始める，決める to work rather hurriedly. Except for about an hour, I was at work from seven in the morning till a ４半期/4分の1 past nine at night; first at washing crockery, then at scrubbing the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs and 床に打ち倒すs of the 従業員s' dining-room, then at polishing glasses and knives, then at fetching meals, then at washing crockery again, then at fetching more meals and washing more crockery. It was 平易な work, and I got on 井戸／弁護士席 with it except when I went to the kitchen to fetch meals. The kitchen was like nothing I had ever seen or imagined—a stifling, low-天井d inferno of a cellar, red-lit from the 解雇する／砲火／射撃s, and deafening with 誓いs and the clanging of マリファナs and pans. It was so hot that all the metal-work except the stoves had to be covered with cloth. In the middle were furnaces, where twelve cooks skipped to and fro, their 直面するs dripping sweat in spite of their white caps. 一連の会議、交渉／完成する that were 反対するs where a 暴徒 of waiters and plongeurs clamoured with trays. Scullions, naked to the waist, were stoking the 解雇する／砲火／射撃s and scouring 抱擁する 巡査 saucepans with sand. Everyone seemed to be in a hurry and a 激怒（する）. The 長，率いる cook, a 罰金, scarlet man with big moustachios, stood in the middle にわか景気ing continuously, 'Ça marche deux oeufs brouillés! Ça marche un Chateaubriand aux pommes sautées!' except when he broke off to 悪口を言う／悪態 at a plongeur. There were three 反対するs, and the first time I went to the kitchen I took my tray unknowingly to the wrong one. The 長，率いる cook walked up to me, 新たな展開d his moustaches, and looked me up and 負かす／撃墜する. Then he beckoned to the breakfast cook and pointed at me.

'Do you see that? That is the type of plongeur they send us nowadays. Where do you come from, idiot? From Charenton, I suppose?' (There is a large lunatic 亡命 at Charenton.)

'From England,' I said.

'I might have known it. 井戸／弁護士席, mon cher monsieur l'Anglais, may I 知らせる you that you are the son of a whore? And now—the （軍の）野営地，陣営 to the other 反対する, where you belong.'

I got this 肉親，親類d of 歓迎会 every time I went to the kitchen, for I always made some mistake; I was 推定する／予想するd to know the work, and was 悪口を言う／悪態d accordingly. From curiosity I counted the number of times I was called maquereau during the day, and it was thirty-nine.

At half past four the Italian told me that I could stop working, but that it was not 価値（がある） going out, as we began at five. I went to the lavatory for a smoke; smoking was 厳密に forbidden, and Boris had 警告するd me that the lavatory was the only 安全な place. After that I worked again till a ４半期/4分の1 past nine, when the waiter put his 長，率いる into the doorway and told me to leave the 残り／休憩（する） of the crockery. To my astonishment, after calling me pig, mackerel, etc., all day, he had suddenly grown やめる friendly. I realized that the 悪口を言う／悪態s I had met with were only a 肉親，親類d of 保護監察.

'That'll do, mon p'tit,' said the waiter. 'Tu n'es pas débrouillard, but you work all 権利. Come up and have your dinner. The hotel 許すs us two litres of ワイン each, and I've stolen another 瓶／封じ込める. We'll have a 罰金 booze.'

We had an excellent dinner from the leavings of the higher 従業員s. The waiter, grown mellow, told me stories about his love-事件／事情／状勢s, and about two men whom he had stabbed in Italy, and about how he had dodged his 軍の service. He was a good fellow when one got to know him; he reminded me of Benvenuto Cellini, somehow. I was tired and drenched with sweat, but I felt a new man after a day's solid food. The work did not seem difficult, and I felt that this 職業 would 控訴 me. It was not 確かな , however, that it would continue, for I had been engaged as an 'extra' for the day only, at twenty-five フランs. The sour-直面するd doorkeeper counted out the money, いっそう少なく fifty centimes which he said was for 保険 (a 嘘（をつく）, I discovered afterwards). Then he stepped out into the passage, made me take off my coat, and carefully prodded me all over, searching for stolen food. After this the chef du 職員／兵員 appeared and spoke to me. Like the waiter, he had grown more genial on seeing that I was willing to work.

'We will give you a 永久の 職業 if you like,' he said. 'The 長，率いる waiter says he would enjoy calling an Englishman 指名するs. Will you 調印する on for a month?'

Here was a 職業 at last, and I was ready to jump at it. Then I remembered the ロシアの restaurant, 予定 to open in a fortnight. It seemed hardly fair to 約束 working a month, and then leave in the middle. I said that I had other work in prospect—could I be engaged for a fortnight? But at that the chef du 職員／兵員 shrugged his shoulders and said that the hotel only engaged men by the month. Evidently I had lost my chance of a 職業.

Boris, by 協定, was waiting for me in the Arcade of the Rue de Rivoli. When I told him what had happened, he was furious. For the first time since I had known him he forgot his manners and called me a fool.

'Idiot! 種類 of idiot! What's the good of my finding you a 職業 when you go and chuck it up the next moment? How could you be such a fool as to について言及する the other restaurant? You'd only to 約束 you would work for a month.'

'It seemed more honest to say I might have to leave,' I 反対するd.

'Honest! Honest! Who ever heard of a plongeur 存在 honest? Mon ami'—suddenly he 掴むd my lapel and spoke very 真面目に—'mon ami, you have worked here all day. You see what hotel work is like. Do you think a plongeur can afford a sense of honour?'

'No, perhaps not.'

'井戸／弁護士席, then, go 支援する quickly and tell the chef du 職員／兵員 you are やめる ready to work for a month. Say you will throw the other 職業 over. Then, when our restaurant opens, we have only to walk out.'

'But what about my 給料 if I break my 契約?

'Boris banged his stick on the pavement and cried out at such stupidity. 'Ask to be paid by the day, then you won't lose a sou. Do you suppose they would 起訴する a plongeur for breaking his 契約? A plongeur is too low to be 起訴するd.'

I hurried 支援する, 設立する the chef du 職員／兵員, and told him that I would work for a month, whereat he 調印するd me on. Ibis was my first lesson in plongeur morality. Later I realized how foolish it had been to have any scruples, for the big hotels are やめる merciless に向かって their 従業員s. They engage or 発射する／解雇する men as the work 需要・要求するs, and they all 解雇（する） ten per cent or more of their staff when the season is over. Nor have they any difficulty in 取って代わるing a man who leaves at short notice, for Paris is thronged by hotel 従業員s out of work.

XI

AS it turned out, I did not break my 契約, for it was six weeks before the Auberge de Jehan Cottard even showed 調印するs of 開始. In the 合間 I worked at the Hôtel X, four days a week in the cafeterie, one day helping the waiter on the fourth 床に打ち倒す, and one day 取って代わるing the woman who washed up for the dining-room. My day off, luckily, was Sunday, but いつかs another man was ill and I had to work that day 同様に. The hours were from seven in the morning till two in the afternoon, and from five in the evening till nine—eleven hours; but it was a fourteen-hour day when I washed up for the dining-room. By the ordinary 基準s of a Paris plongeur, these are exceptionally short hours. The only hardship of life was the fearful heat and stuffiness of these labyrinthine cellars. Apart from this the hotel, which was large and 井戸／弁護士席 組織するd, was considered a comfortable one.

Our cafeterie was a murky cellar 手段ing twenty feet by seven by eight high, and so （人が）群がるd with coffee-urns, breadcutters and the like that one could hardly move without banging against something. It was lighted by one 薄暗い electric bulb, and four or five gas-解雇する／砲火／射撃s that sent out a 猛烈な／残忍な red breath. There was a 温度計 there, and the 気温 never fell below 110 degrees Fahrenheit—it 近づくd 130 at some times of the day. At one end were five service 解除するs, and at the other an ice cupboard where we 蓄える／店d milk and butter. When you went into the ice cupboard you dropped a hundred degrees of 気温 at a 選び出す／独身 step; it used to remind me of the hymn about Greenland's icy mountains and India's 珊瑚 立ち往生させる. Two men worked in the cafeterie besides Boris and myself. One was Mario, a 抱擁する, excitable Italian—he was like a city policeman with operatic gestures—and the other, a hairy, uncouth animal whom we called the Magyar; I think he was a Transylvanian, or something even more remote. Except the Magyar we were all big men, and at the 急ぐ hours we 衝突する／食い違うd incessantly.

The work in the cafeterie was spasmodic. We were never idle, but the real work only （機の）カム in bursts of two hours at a time—we called each burst 'un クーデター de feu'. The first クーデター de feu （機の）カム at eight, when the guests upstairs began to wake up and 需要・要求する breakfast. At eight a sudden banging and yelling would 勃発する all through the 地階; bells rang on all 味方するs, blue-aproned men 急ぐd through the passages, our service 解除するs （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する with a 同時の 衝突，墜落, and the waiters on all five 床に打ち倒すs began shouting Italian 誓いs 負かす／撃墜する the 軸s. I don't remember all our 義務s, but they 含むd making tea, coffee and chocolate, fetching meals from the kitchen, ワインs from the cellar and fruit and so 前へ／外へ from the dining-room, slicing bread, making toast, rolling pats of butter, 手段ing jam, 開始 milk-cans, counting lumps of sugar, boiling eggs, cooking porridge, 続けざまに猛撃するing ice, grinding coffee—all this for from a hundred to two hundred 顧客s. The kitchen was thirty yards away, and the dining-room sixty or seventy yards. Everything we sent up in the service 解除するs had to be covered by a 保証人／証拠物件, and the 保証人／証拠物件s had to be carefully とじ込み／提出するd, and there was trouble if even a lump of sugar was lost. Besides this, we had to 供給（する） the staff with bread and coffee, and fetch the meals for the waiters upstairs. All in all, it was a 複雑にするd 職業.

I calculated that one had to walk and run about fifteen miles during the day, and yet the 緊張する of the work was more mental than physical. Nothing could be easier, on the 直面する of it, than this stupid scullion work, but it is astonishingly hard when one is in a hurry. One has to leap to and fro between a multitude of 職業s—it is like sorting a pack of cards against the clock. You are, for example, making toast, when bang! 負かす／撃墜する comes a service 解除する with an order for tea, rolls and three different 肉親，親類d of jam, and 同時に bang! 負かす／撃墜する comes another 需要・要求するing 緊急発進するd eggs, coffee and grapefruit; you run to the kitchen for the eggs and to the dining-room for the fruit, going like 雷 so as to be 支援する before your toast bums, and having to remember about the tea and coffee, besides half a dozen other orders that are still 未解決の; and at the same time some waiter is に引き続いて you and making trouble about a lost 瓶／封じ込める of soda-water, and you are arguing with him. It needs more brains than one might think. Mario said, no 疑問 truly, that it took a year to make a reliable cafetier.

The time between eight and half past ten was a sort of delirium. いつかs we were going as though we had only five minutes to live; いつかs there were sudden なぎs when the orders stopped and everything seemed 静かな for a moment. Then we swept up the litter from the 床に打ち倒す, threw 負かす／撃墜する fresh sawdust, and swallowed gallipots of ワイン or coffee or water—anything, so long as it was wet. Very often we used to break off chunks of ice and suck them while we worked. The heat の中で the gas-解雇する／砲火／射撃s was nauseating; we swallowed quarts of drink during the day, and after a few hours even our aprons were drenched with sweat. At times we were hopelessly behind with the work, and some of the 顧客s would have gone without their breakfast, but Mario always pulled us through. He had worked fourteen years in the cafeterie, and he had the 技術 that never wastes a second between 職業s. The Magyar was very stupid and I was inexperienced, and Boris was inclined to shirk, partly because of his lame 脚, partly because he was ashamed of working in the cafeterie after 存在 a waiter; but Mario was wonderful. The way he would stretch his 広大な／多数の／重要な 武器 権利 across the cafeterie to fill a coffee-マリファナ with one 手渡す and boil an egg with the other, at the same time watching toast and shouting directions to the Magyar, and between whiles singing snatches from Rigoletto, was beyond all 賞賛する. The patron knew his value, and he was paid a thousand フランs a month, instead of five hundred like the 残り／休憩（する） of us.

The breakfast pandemonium stopped at half past ten. Then we scrubbed the cafeterie （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs, swept the 床に打ち倒す and polished the brasswork, and, on good mornings, went one at a time to the lavatory for a smoke. This was our slack time—only 比較して slack, however, for we had only ten minutes for lunch, and we never got through it 連続する. The 顧客s' 昼食 hour, between twelve and two, was another period of 騒動 like the breakfast hour. Most of our work was fetching meals from the kitchen, which meant constant engueulades from the cooks. By this time the cooks had sweated in 前線 of their furnaces for four or five hours, and their tempers were all warmed up.

At two we were suddenly 解放する／自由な men. We threw off our aprons and put on our coats, hurried out of doors, and, when we had money, dived into the nearest bistro. It was strange, coming up into the street from those firelit cellars. The 空気／公表する seemed blindingly （疑いを）晴らす and 冷淡な, like 北極の summer; and how 甘い the 石油 did smell, after the stenches of sweat and food! いつかs we met some of our cooks and waiters in the bistros, and they were friendly and stood us drinks. Indoors we were their slaves, but it is an etiquette in hotel life that between hours everyone is equal, and the engueulades do not count.

At a ４半期/4分の1 to five we went 支援する to the hotel. Till half-past six there were no orders, and we used this time to polish silver, clean out the coffee-urns, and do other 半端物 職業s. Then the grand 騒動 of the day started—the dinner hour. I wish I could be Zola for a little while, just to 述べる that dinner hour. The essence of the 状況／情勢 was that a hundred or two hundred people were 需要・要求するing 個々に different meals of five or six courses, and that fifty or sixty people had to cook and serve them and clean up the mess afterwards; anyone with experience of catering will know what that means. And at this time when the work was 二塁打d, the whole staff was tired out, and a number of them were drunk. I could 令状 pages about the scene without giving a true idea of it. The 非難するs to and fro in the 狭くする passages, the 衝突／不一致s, the yells, the struggling with crates and trays and 封鎖するs of ice, the heat, the 不明瞭, the furious festering quarrels which there was no time to fight out—they pass description. Anyone coming into the 地階 for the first time would have thought himself in a den of maniacs. It was only later, when I understood the working of a hotel, that I saw order in all this 大混乱.

At half past eight the work stopped very suddenly. We were not 解放する／自由な till nine, but we used to throw ourselves 十分な length on the 床に打ち倒す, and 嘘（をつく） there 残り／休憩（する）ing our 脚s, too lazy even to go to the ice cupboard for a drink. いつかs the chef du 職員／兵員 would come in with 瓶／封じ込めるs of beer, for the hotel stood us an extra beer when we had had a hard day. The food we were given was no more than eatable, but the patron was not mean about drink; he 許すd us two litres of ワイン a day each, knowing that if a plongeur is not given two litres he will steal three. We had the heeltaps of 瓶／封じ込めるs 同様に, so that we often drank too much—a good thing, for one seemed to work faster when 部分的に／不公平に drunk.

Four days of the week passed like this; of the other two working days, one was better and one worse. After a week of this life I felt in need of a holiday. It was Saturday night, so the people in our bistro were busy getting drunk, and with a 解放する／自由な day ahead of me I was ready to join them. We all went to bed, drunk, at two in the morning, meaning to sleep till noon. At half past five I was suddenly awakened. A night-watchman, sent from the hotel, was standing at my 病人の枕元. He stripped the 着せる／賦与するs 支援する and shook me 概略で.

'Get up!' he said. 'Tu t'es bien saoulé la gueule, eh? 井戸／弁護士席, never mind that, the hotel's a man short. You've got to work today.'

'Why should I work?' I 抗議するd. 'This is my day off.'

'Day off, nothing! The work's got to be done. Get up!'

I got up and went out, feeling as though my 支援する were broken and my skull filled with hot cinders. I did not think that I could かもしれない do a day's work. And yet, after only an hour in the 地階, I 設立する that I was perfectly 井戸／弁護士席. It seemed that in the heat of those cellars, as in a turkish bath, one could sweat out almost any 量 of drink. Plongeurs know this, and count on it. The 力／強力にする of swallowing quarts of ワイン, and then sweating it out before it can do much 損失, is one of the 補償（金）s of their life.

XII

BY far my best time at the hotel was when I went to help the waiter on the fourth 床に打ち倒す. We worked in a small pantry which communicated with the cafeterie by service 解除するs. It was delightfully 冷静な／正味の after the cellars, and the work was 主として polishing silver and glasses, which is a humane 職業. Valenti, the waiter, was a decent sort, and 扱う／治療するd me almost as an equal when we were alone, though he had to speak 概略で when there was anyone else 現在の, for it does not do for a waiter to be friendly with plongeurs. He used いつかs to tip me five フランs when he had had a good day. He was a comely 青年, 老年の twenty-four but looking eighteen, and, like most waiters, he carried himself 井戸／弁護士席 and knew how to wear his 着せる／賦与するs. With his 黒人／ボイコット tail-coat and white tie, fresh 直面する and sleek brown hair, he looked just like an Eton boy; yet he had earned his living since he was twelve, and worked his way up literally from the gutter. 甚だしい／１２ダースing the Italian frontier without a パスポート, and selling chestnuts from a barrow on the northern boulevards, and 存在 given fifty days' 監禁，拘置 in London for working without a 許す, and 存在 made love to by a rich old woman in a hotel, who gave him a diamond （犯罪の）一味 and afterwards （刑事）被告 him of stealing it, were の中で his experiences. I used to enjoy talking to him, at slack times when we sat smoking 負かす／撃墜する the 解除する 軸.

My bad day was when I washed up for the dining-room. I had not to wash the plates, which were done in the kitchen, but only the other crockery, silver, knives and glasses; yet, even so, it meant thirteen hours' work, and I used between thirty and forty dishcloths during the day. The 古風な methods used in フラン 二塁打 the work of washing up. Plate-racks are unheard-of, and there are no soap-flakes, only the treacly soft soap, which 辞退するs to lather in the hard, Paris water. I worked in a dirty, （人が）群がるd little den, a pantry and scullery 連合させるd, which gave straight on the dining-room. Besides washing up, I had to fetch the waiters' food and serve them at （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する; most of them were intolerably insolent, and I had to use my 握りこぶしs more than once to get ありふれた civility. The person who 普通は washed up was a woman, and they made her life a 悲惨.

It was amusing to look 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the filthy little scullery and think that only a 二塁打 door was between us and the dining-room. There sat the 顧客s in all their splendour—spotless （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する-cloths, bowls of flowers, mirrors and gilt cornices and painted cherubim; and here, just a few feet away, we in our disgusting filth. For it really was disgusting filth. There was no time to sweep the 床に打ち倒す till evening, and we slithered about in a 構内／化合物 of soapy water, lettuce-leaves, torn paper and trampled food. A dozen waiters with their coats off, showing their sweaty armpits, sat at the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する mixing salads and sticking their thumbs into the cream マリファナs. The room had a dirty, mixed smell of food and sweat. Everywhere in the cupboards, behind the piles of crockery, were squalid 蓄える／店s of food that the waiters had stolen. There were only two 沈むs, and no washing 水盤／入り江, and it was nothing unusual for a waiter to wash his 直面する in the water in which clean crockery was rinsing. But the 顧客s saw nothing of this. There were a coco-nut mat and a mirror outside the dining-room door, and the waiters used to preen themselves up and go in looking the picture of cleanliness.

It is an instructive sight to see a waiter going into a hotel dining-room. As he passes the door a sudden change comes over him. The 始める，決める of his shoulders alters; all the dirt and hurry and irritation have dropped off in an instant. He glides over the carpet, with a solemn priest-like 空気／公表する. I remember our assistant maître d'hôtel, a fiery Italian, pausing at the dining-room door to 演説（する）／住所 an 見習い工 who had broken a 瓶／封じ込める of ワイン. Shaking his 握りこぶし above his 長，率いる he yelled (luckily the door was more or いっそう少なく soundproof):

'Tu me fais—Do you call yourself a waiter, you young bastard? You a waiter! You're not fit to scrub 床に打ち倒すs in the 売春宿 your mother （機の）カム from. Maquereau!'

Words failing him, he turned to the door; and as he opened it he 配達するd a final 侮辱 in the same manner as Squire Western in Tom Jones.

Then he entered the dining-room and sailed across it dish in 手渡す, graceful as a swan. Ten seconds later he was 屈服するing reverently to a 顧客. And you could not help thinking, as you saw him 屈服する and smile, with that benign smile of the trained waiter, that the 顧客 was put to shame by having such an aristocrat to serve him.

This washing up was a 完全に 嫌悪すべき 職業—not hard, but boring and silly beyond words. It is dreadful to think that some people spend their whole １０年間s at such 占領／職業s. The woman whom I 取って代わるd was やめる sixty years old, and she stood at the 沈む thirteen hours a day, six days a week, the year 一連の会議、交渉／完成する; she was, in 新規加入, horribly いじめ（る）d by the waiters. She gave out that she had once been an actress—現実に, I imagine, a 売春婦; most 売春婦s end as charwomen. It was strange to see that in spite of her age and her life she still wore a 有望な blonde wig, and darkened her 注目する，もくろむs and painted her 直面する like a girl of twenty. So 明らかに even a seventy-eight-hour week can leave one with some vitality.

XIII

ON my third day at the hotel the chef du 職員／兵員, who had 一般に spoken to me in やめる a pleasant トン, called me up and said はっきりと:

'Here, you, shave that moustache off at once! Nom de Dieu, who ever heard of a plongeur with a moustache?'

I began to 抗議する, but he 削減（する） me short. 'A plongeur with a moustache —nonsense! Take care I don't see you with it tomorrow.'

On the way home I asked Boris what this meant. He shrugged his shoulders. 'You must do what he says, mon ami. No one in the hotel wears a moustache, except the cooks. I should have thought you would have noticed it. 推論する／理由? There is no 推論する／理由. It is the custom.'

I saw that it was an etiquette, like not wearing a white tie with a dinner-jacket, and shaved off my moustache. Afterwards I 設立する out the explanation of the custom, which is this: waiters in good hotels do not wear moustaches, and to show their 優越 they 法令 that plongeurs shall not wear them either; and the cooks wear their moustaches to show their contempt for the waiters.

This gives some idea of the (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述する caste system 存在するing in a hotel. Our staff, 量ing to about a hundred and ten, had their prestige graded as 正確に as that of 兵士s, and a cook or waiter was as much above a plongeur as a captain above a 私的な. Highest of all （機の）カム the 経営者／支配人, who could 解雇（する） anybody, even the cooks. We never saw the patron, and all we knew of him was that his meals had to be 用意が出来ている more carefully than that of the 顧客s; all the discipline of the hotel depended on the 経営者／支配人. He was a conscientious man, and always on the 警戒／見張り for slackness, but we were too clever for him. A system of service bells ran through the hotel, and the whole staff used these for signalling to one another. A long （犯罪の）一味 and a short （犯罪の）一味, followed by two more long （犯罪の）一味s, meant that the 経営者／支配人 was coming, and when we heard it we took care to look busy.

Below the 経営者／支配人 （機の）カム the maître d'hôtel. He did not serve at （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, unless to a lord or someone of that 肉親，親類d, but directed the other waiters and helped with the catering. His tips, and his 特別手当 from the シャンペン酒 companies (it was two フランs for each cork he returned to them), （機の）カム to two hundred フランs a day. He was in a position やめる apart from the 残り／休憩（する） of the staff, and took his meals in a 私的な room, with silver on the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する and two 見習い工s in clean white jackets to serve him. A little below the 長，率いる waiter （機の）カム the 長，率いる cook, 製図／抽選 about five thousand フランs a month; he dined in the kitchen, but at a separate （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, and one of the 見習い工 cooks waited on him. Then （機の）カム the chef du 職員／兵員; he drew only fifteen hundred フランs a month, but he wore a 黒人／ボイコット coat and did no 手動式の work, and he could 解雇（する） plongeurs and 罰金 waiters. Then （機の）カム the other cooks, 製図／抽選 anything between three thousand and seven hundred and fifty フランs a month; then the waiters, making about seventy フランs a day in tips, besides a small 保持するing 料金; then the laundresses and sewing women; then the 見習い工 waiters, who received no tips, but were paid seven hundred and fifty フランs a month; then the plongeurs, also at seven hundred and fifty フランs; then the chambermaids, at five or six hundred フランs a month; and lastly the cafetiers, at five hundred a month. We of the cafeterie were the very dregs of the hotel, despised and tutoied by everyone.

There were さまざまな others—the office 従業員s, called 一般に 特使s, the storekeeper, the cellarman, some porters and pages, the ice man, the パン職人s, the night-watchman, the doorkeeper. Different 職業s were done by different races. The office 従業員s and the cooks and sewing-women were French, the waiters Italians and Germans (there is hardly such a thing as a French waiter in Paris), the plongeurs of every race in Europe, beside Arabs and Negroes. French was the lingua franca, even the Italians speaking it to one another.

All the departments had their special perquisites. In all Paris hotels it is the custom to sell the broken bread to パン職人s for eight sous a 続けざまに猛撃する, and the kitchen 捨てるs to pigkeepers for a trifle, and to divide the proceeds of this の中で the plongeurs. There was much pilfering, too. The waiters all stole food—in fact, I seldom saw a waiter trouble to eat the rations 供給するd for him by the hotel—and the cooks did it on a larger 規模 in the kitchen, and we in the cafeterie swilled illicit tea and coffee. The cellarman stole brandy. By a 支配する of the hotel the waiters were not 許すd to keep 蓄える／店s of spirits, but had to go to the cellarman for each drink as it was ordered. As the cellarman 注ぐd out the drinks he would 始める，決める aside perhaps a teaspoonful from each glass, and he amassed 量s in this way. He would sell you the stolen brandy for five sous a swig if he thought he could 信用 you.

There were thieves の中で the staff, and if you left money in your coat pockets it was 一般に taken. The doorkeeper, who paid our 給料 and searched us for stolen food, was the greatest どろぼう in the hotel. Out of my five hundred フランs a month, this man 現実に managed to cheat me of a hundred and fourteen フランs in six weeks. I had asked to be paid daily, so the doorkeeper paid me sixteen フランs each evening, and, by not 支払う／賃金ing for Sundays (for which of course 支払い（額） was 予定), pocketed sixty-four フランs. Also, I いつかs worked on a Sunday, for which, though I did not know it, I was する権利を与えるd to an extra twenty-five フランs. The doorkeeper never paid me this either, and so made away with another seventy-five フランs. I only realized during my last week that I was 存在 cheated, and, as I could 証明する nothing, only twenty-five フランs were refunded. The doorkeeper played 類似の tricks on any 従業員 who was fool enough to be taken in. He called himself a Greek, but in reality he was an Armenian. After knowing him I saw the 軍隊 of the proverb '信用 a snake before a Jew and a Jew before a Greek, but don't 信用 an Armenian.'

There were queer characters の中で the waiters. One was a gentleman—a 青年 who had been educated at a university, and had had a 井戸／弁護士席-paid 職業 in a 商売／仕事 office. He had caught a venereal 病気, lost his 職業, drifted, and now considered himself lucky to be a waiter. Many of the waiters had slipped into フラン without パスポートs, and one or two of them were 秘かに調査するs—it is a ありふれた profession for a 秘かに調査する to 可決する・採択する. One day there was a fearful 列／漕ぐ／騒動 in the waiters' dining-room between Morandi, a dangerous-looking man with 注目する，もくろむs 始める，決める too far apart, and another Italian. It appeared that Morandi had taken the other man's mistress. The other man, a weakling and 明白に 脅すd of Morandi, was 脅すing ばく然と.

Morandi jeered at him. '井戸／弁護士席, what are you going to do about it? I've slept with your girl, slept with her three times. It was 罰金. What can you do, eh?'

'I can 公然と非難する you to the secret police. You are an Italian 秘かに調査する.'

Morandi did not 否定する it. He 簡単に produced a かみそり from his tail pocket and made two swift 一打／打撃s in the 空気／公表する, as though 削除するing a man's cheeks open. Whereat the other waiter took it 支援する.

The queerest type I ever saw in the hotel was an 'extra'. He had been engaged at twenty-five フランs for the day to 取って代わる the Magyar, who was ill. He was a Serbian, a 厚い-始める，決める nimble fellow of about twenty-five, speaking six languages, 含むing English. He seemed to know all about hotel work, and up till midday he worked like a slave. Then, as soon as it had struck twelve, he turned sulky, shirked his work, stole ワイン, and finally 栄冠を与えるd all by loafing about 率直に with a 麻薬を吸う in his mouth. Smoking, of course, was forbidden under 厳しい 刑罰，罰則s. The 経営者／支配人 himself heard of it and （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する to interview the Serbian, ガス／煙ing with 激怒（する）.

'What the devil do you mean by smoking here?' he cried.

'What the devil do you mean by having a 直面する like that?' answered the Serbian, calmly.

I cannot 伝える the blasphemy of such a 発言／述べる. The 長，率いる cook, if a plongeur had spoken to him like that, would have thrown a saucepan of hot soup in his 直面する. The 経営者／支配人 said 即時に, 'You're 解雇（する）d!' and at two o'clock the Serbian was given his twenty-five フランs and duly 解雇（する）d. Before he went out Boris asked him in ロシアの what game he was playing. He said the Serbian answered:

'Look here, mon vieux, they've got to 支払う／賃金 me a day's 給料 if I work up to midday, 港／避難所't they? That's the 法律. And where's the sense of working after I get my 給料? So I'll tell you what I do. I go to a hotel and get a 職業 as an extra, and up to midday I work hard. Then, the moment it's struck twelve, I start raising such hell that they've no choice but to 解雇（する） me. Neat, eh? Most days I'm 解雇（する）d by half past twelve; today it was two o'clock; but I don't care, I've saved four hours' work. The only trouble is, one can't do it at the same hotel twice.'

It appeared that he had played this game at half the hotels and restaurants in Paris. It is probably やめる an 平易な game to play during the summer, though the hotels 保護する themselves against it 同様に as they can by means of a 黒人／ボイコット 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）.

XIV

IN a few days I had しっかり掴むd the main 原則s on which the hotel was run. The thing that would astonish anyone coming for the first time into the service ４半期/4分の1s of a hotel would be the fearful noise and disorder during the 急ぐ hours. It is something so different from the 安定した work in a shop or a factory that it looks at first sight like mere bad 管理／経営. But it is really やめる 避けられない, and for this 推論する／理由. Hotel work is not 特に hard, but by its nature it comes in 急ぐs and cannot be economized. You cannot, for instance, 取調べ／厳しく尋問する a steak two hours before it is 手配中の，お尋ね者; you have to wait till the last moment, by which time a 集まり of other work has 蓄積するd, and then do it all together, in frantic haste. The result is that at mealtimes everyone is doing two men's work, which is impossible without noise and quarrelling. Indeed the quarrels are a necessary part of the 過程, for the pace would never be kept up if everyone did not 告発する／非難する everyone else of idling. It was for this 推論する／理由 that during the 急ぐ hours the whole staff 激怒（する）d and 悪口を言う／悪態d like demons. At those times there was scarcely a verb in the hotel except foutre. A girl in the パン屋, 老年の sixteen, used 誓いs that would have 敗北・負かすd a cabman. (Did not Hamlet say '悪口を言う／悪態ing like a scullion'? No 疑問 Shakespeare had watched scullions at work.) But we are not losing our 長，率いるs and wasting time; we were just 刺激するing one another for the 成果／努力 of packing four hours' work into two hours.

What keeps a hotel going is the fact that the 従業員s take a 本物の pride in their work, beastly and silly though it is. If a man idles, the others soon find him out, and conspire against him to get him 解雇（する）d. Cooks, waiters and plongeurs 異なる 大いに in 見通し, but they are all alike in 存在 proud of their efficiency.

Undoubtedly the most workmanlike class, and the least servile, are the cooks. They do not earn やめる so much as waiters, but their prestige is higher and their 雇用 steadier. The cook does not look upon himself as a servant, but as a 技術d workman; he is 一般に called 'un ouvrier' which a waiter never is. He knows his 力／強力にする—knows that he alone makes or 損なうs a restaurant, and that if he is five minutes late everything is out of gear. He despises the whole 非，不，無-cooking staff, and makes it a point of honour to 侮辱 everyone below the 長，率いる waiter. And he takes a 本物の artistic pride in his work, which 需要・要求するs very 広大な／多数の／重要な 技術. It is not the cooking that is so difficult, but the doing everything to time. Between breakfast and 昼食 the 長，率いる cook at the Hôtel X would receive orders for several hundred dishes, all to be served at different times; he cooked few of them himself, but he gave 指示／教授／教育s about all of them and 検査／視察するd them before they were sent up. His memory was wonderful. The 保証人／証拠物件s were pinned on a board, but the 長，率いる cook seldom looked at them; everything was 蓄える／店d in his mind, and 正確に／まさに to the minute, as each dish fell 予定, he would call out, 'Faites 行進者 une côtelette de veau' (or whatever it was) unfailingly. He was an insufferable いじめ（る）, but he was also an artist. It is for their punctuality, and not for any 優越 in technique, that men cooks are preferred to women.

The waiter's 見通し is やめる different. He too is proud in a way of his 技術, but his 技術 is 主として in 存在 servile. His work gives him the mentality, not of a workman, but of a snob. He lives perpetually in sight of rich people, stands at their （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs, listens to their conversation, sucks up to them with smiles and 控えめの little jokes. He has the 楽しみ of spending money by proxy. Moreover, there is always the chance that he may become rich himself, for, though most waiters die poor, they have long runs of luck occasionally. At some cafés on the Grand Boulevard there is so much money to be made that the waiters 現実に 支払う／賃金 the patron for their 雇用. The result is that between 絶えず seeing money, and hoping to get it, the waiter comes to identify himself to some extent with his 雇用者s. He will take 苦痛s to serve a meal in style, because he feels that he is 参加するing in the meal himself.

I remember Valenti telling me of some 祝宴 at Nice at which he had once served, and of how it cost two hundred thousand フランs and was talked of for months afterwards. 'It was splendid, mon p'tit, mais magnifique! Jesus Christ! The シャンペン酒, the silver, the orchids—I have never seen anything like them, and I have seen some things. Ah, it was glorious!'

'But,' I said, 'you were only there to wait?'

'Oh, of course. But still, it was splendid.'

The moral is, never be sorry for a waiter. いつかs when you sit in a restaurant, still stuffing yourself half an hour after の近くにing time, you feel that the tired waiter at your 味方する must surely be despising you. But he is not. He is not thinking as he looks at you, 'What an overfed lout'; he is thinking, 'One day, when I have saved enough money, I shall be able to imitate that man.' He is 大臣ing to a 肉親，親類d of 楽しみ he 完全に understands and admires. And that is why waiters are seldom 社会主義者s, have no 効果的な 貿易（する） union, and will work twelve hours a day—they work fifteen hours, seven days a week, in many cafés. They are snobs, and they find the servile nature of their work rather congenial.

The plongeurs, again, have a different 見通し. Theirs is a 職業 which 申し込む／申し出s no prospects, is intensely exhausting, and at the same time has not a trace of 技術 or 利益／興味; the sort of 職業 that would always be done by women if women were strong enough. All that is 要求するd of them is to be 絶えず on the run, and to put up with long hours and a stuffy atmosphere. They have no way of escaping from this life, for they cannot save a penny from their 給料, and working from sixty to a hundred hours a week leaves them no time to train for anything else. The best they can hope for is to find a わずかに softer 職業 as night-watchman or lavatory attendant.

And yet the plongeurs, low as they are, also have a 肉親，親類d of pride. It is the pride of the drudge—the man who is equal to no 事柄 what 量 of work. At that level, the mere 力／強力にする to go on working like an ox is about the only virtue attainable. Débrouillard is what every plongeur wants to be called. A débrouillard is a man who, even when he is told to do the impossible, will se débrouiller—get it done somehow. One of the kitchen plongeurs at the Hôtel X, a German, was 井戸／弁護士席 known as a débrouillard. One night an English lord （機の）カム to the hotel, and the waiters were in despair, for the lord had asked for peaches, and there were 非，不，無 in 在庫／株; it was late at night, and the shops would be shut. 'Leave it to me,' said the German. He went out, and in ten minutes he was 支援する with four peaches. He had gone into a 隣人ing restaurant and stolen them. That is what is meant by a débrouillard. The English lord paid for the peaches at twenty フランs each.

Mario, who was in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the cafeterie, had the typical drudge mentality. All he thought of was getting through the 'boulot', and he 反抗するd you to give him too much of it. Fourteen years 地下組織の had left him with about as much natural laziness as a piston 棒. 'Faut être dur,' he used to say when anyone complained. You will often hear plongeurs 誇る, 'Je suis dur'—as though they were 兵士s, not male charwomen.

Thus everyone in the hotel had his sense of honour, and when the 圧力（をかける） of work （機の）カム we were all ready for a grand 一致した 成果／努力 to get through it. The constant war between the different departments also made for efficiency, for everyone clung to his own 特権s and tried to stop the others idling and pilfering.

This is the good 味方する of hotel work. In a hotel a 抱擁する and 複雑にするd machine is kept running by an 不十分な staff, because every man has a 井戸／弁護士席-defined 職業 and does it scrupulously. But there is a weak point, and it is this—that the 職業 the staff are doing is not やむを得ず what the 顧客 支払う／賃金s for. The 顧客 支払う／賃金s, as he sees it, for good service; the 従業員 is paid, as he sees it, for the boulot—meaning, as a 支配する, an imitation of good service. The result is that, though hotels are 奇蹟s of punctuality, they are worse than the worst 私的な houses in the things that 事柄.

Take cleanliness, for example. The dirt in the Hôtel X, as soon as one 侵入するd into the service ４半期/4分の1s, was 反乱ing. Our cafeterie had year-old filth in all the dark corners, and the bread-貯蔵所 was infested with cockroaches. Once I 示唆するd 殺人，大当り these beasts to Mario. 'Why kill the poor animals?' he said reproachfully. The others laughed when I 手配中の，お尋ね者 to wash my 手渡すs before touching the butter. Yet we were clean where we 認めるd cleanliness as part of the boulot. We scrubbed the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs and polished the brasswork 定期的に, because we had orders to do that; but we had no orders to be genuinely clean, and in any 事例／患者 we had no time for it. We were 簡単に carrying out our 義務s; and as our first 義務 was punctuality, we saved time by 存在 dirty.

In the kitchen the dirt was worse. It is not a 人物／姿／数字 of speech, it is a mere 声明 of fact to say that a French cook will spit in the soup— that is, if he is not going to drink it himself. He is an artist, but his art is not cleanliness. To a 確かな extent he is even dirty because he is an artist, for food, to look smart, needs dirty 治療. When a steak, for instance, is brought up for the 長，率いる cook's 査察, he does not 扱う it with a fork. He 選ぶs it up in his fingers and 非難するs it 負かす／撃墜する, runs his thumb 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the dish and licks it to taste the gravy, runs it 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and licks again, then steps 支援する and 熟視する／熟考するs the piece of meat like an artist 裁判官ing a picture, then 圧力（をかける）s it lovingly into place with his fat, pink fingers, every one of which he has licked a hundred times that morning. When he is 満足させるd, he takes a cloth and wipes his 指紋s from the dish, and 手渡すs it to the waiter. And the waiter, of course, 下落するs his fingers into the gravy—his 汚い, greasy fingers which he is for ever running through his brilliantined hair. Whenever one 支払う／賃金s more than, say, ten フランs for a dish of meat in Paris, one may be 確かな that it has been fingered in this manner. In very cheap restaurants it is different; there, the same trouble is not taken over the food, and it is just forked out of the pan and flung on to a plate, without 扱うing. 概略で speaking, the more one 支払う／賃金s for food, the more sweat and spittle one is 強いるd to eat with it.

Dirtiness is inherent in hotels and restaurants, because sound food is sacrificed to punctuality and smartness. The hotel 従業員 is too busy getting food ready to remember that it is meant to be eaten. A meal is 簡単に 'une 命令（する）' to him, just as a man dying of 癌 is 簡単に 'a 事例／患者' to the doctor. A 顧客 orders, for example, a piece of toast. Somebody, 圧力（をかける）d with work in a cellar 深い 地下組織の, has to 準備する it. How can he stop and say to himself, 'This toast is to be eaten—I must make it eatable'? All he knows is that it must look 権利 and must be ready in three minutes. Some large 減少（する）s of sweat 落ちる from his forehead on to the toast. Why should he worry? Presently the toast 落ちるs の中で the filthy sawdust on the 床に打ち倒す. Why trouble to make a new piece? It is much quicker to wipe the sawdust off. On the way upstairs the toast 落ちるs again, butter 味方する 負かす／撃墜する. Another wipe is all it needs. And so with everything. The only food at the Hôtel X which was ever 用意が出来ている cleanly was the staff's, and the patron's. The maxim, repeated by everyone, was: 'Look out for the patron, and as for the （弁護士の）依頼人s, s'en f—pas mal!' Everywhere in the service ４半期/4分の1s dirt festered—a secret vein of dirt, running through the 広大な／多数の／重要な garish hotel like the intestines through a man's 団体／死体.

Apart from the dirt, the patron 搾取するd the 顧客s wholeheartedly. For the most part the 構成要素s of the food were very bad, though the cooks knew how to serve it up in style. The meat was at best ordinary, and as to the vegetables, no good housekeeper would have looked at them in the market. The cream, by a standing order, was diluted with milk. The tea and coffee were of inferior sorts, and the jam was synthetic stuff out of 広大な, unlabelled tins. All the cheaper ワインs, によれば Boris, were corked vin ordinaire. There was a 支配する that 従業員s must 支払う／賃金 for anything they spoiled, and in consequence 損失d things were seldom thrown away. Once the waiter on the third 床に打ち倒す dropped a roast chicken 負かす／撃墜する the 軸 of our service 解除する, where it fell into a litter of broken bread, torn paper and so 前へ／外へ at the 底（に届く）. We 簡単に wiped it with a cloth and sent it up again. Upstairs there were dirty tales of once-used sheets not 存在 washed, but 簡単に damped, アイロンをかけるd and put 支援する on the beds. The patron was as mean to us as to the 顧客s. Throughout the 広大な hotel there was not, for instance, such a thing as a 小衝突 and pan; one had to manage with a broom and a piece of cardboard. And the staff lavatory was worthy of Central Asia, and there was no place to wash one's 手渡すs, except the 沈むs used for washing crockery.

In spite of all this the Hôtel X was one of the dozen most expensive hotels in Paris, and the 顧客s paid startling prices. The ordinary 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 for a night's 宿泊するing, not 含むing breakfast, was two hundred フランs. All ワイン and タバコ were sold at 正確に／まさに 二塁打 shop prices, though of course the patron bought at the 卸売物価. If a 顧客 had a 肩書を与える, or was という評判の to be a millionaire, all his 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s went up automatically. One morning on the fourth 床に打ち倒す an American who was on diet 手配中の，お尋ね者 only salt and hot water for his breakfast. Valenti was furious. 'Jesus Christ!' he said, 'what about my ten per cent? Ten per cent of salt and water!' And he 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d twenty-five フランs for the breakfast. The 顧客 paid without a murmur.

によれば Boris, the same 肉親，親類d of thing went on in all Paris hotels, or at least in all the big, expensive ones. But I imagine that the 顧客s at the Hôtel X were 特に 平易な to 搾取する, for they were mostly Americans, with a ぱらぱら雨ing of English—no French—and seemed to know nothing whatever about good food. They would stuff themselves with disgusting American 'cereals', and eat marmalade at tea, and drink vermouth after dinner, and order a poulet à la reine at a hundred フランs and then souse it in Worcester sauce. One 顧客, from Pittsburg, dined every night in his bedroom on grape-nuts, 緊急発進するd eggs and cocoa. Perhaps it hardly 事柄s whether such people are 搾取するd or not.

XV

I HEARD queer tales in the hotel. There were tales of 麻薬 fiends, of old debauchees who たびたび（訪れる）d hotels in search of pretty page boys, of 窃盗s and ゆすり，恐喝. Mario told me of a hotel in which he had been, where a chambermaid stole a priceless diamond （犯罪の）一味 from an American lady. For days the staff were searched as they left work, and two 探偵，刑事s searched the hotel from 最高の，を越す to 底（に届く）, but the （犯罪の）一味 was never 設立する. The chambermaid had a lover in the パン屋, and he had baked the （犯罪の）一味 into a roll, where it lay unsuspected until the search was over.

Once Valenti, at a slack time, told me a story about himself.

'You know, mon p'tit, this hotel life is all very 井戸／弁護士席, but it's the devil when you're out of work. I 推定する／予想する you know what it is to go without eating, eh? Forcément, さもなければ you wouldn't be scrubbing dishes. 井戸／弁護士席, I'm not a poor devil of a plongeur; I'm a waiter, and I went five days without eating, once. Five days without even a crust of bread—Jesus Christ!

'I tell you, those five days were the devil. The only good thing was, I had my rent paid in 前進する. I was living in a dirty, cheap little hotel in the Rue Sainte Éloise up in the Latin ４半期/4分の1. It was called the Hotel Suzanne May, after some famous 売春婦 of the time of the Empire. I was 餓死するing, and there was nothing I could do; I couldn't even go to the cafés where the hotel proprietors come to engage waiters, because I hadn't the price of a drink. All I could do was to 嘘（をつく） in bed getting 女性 and 女性, and watching the bugs running about the 天井. I don't want to go through that again, I can tell you.

'In the afternoon of the fifth day I went half mad; at least, that's how it seems to me now. There was an old faded print of a woman's 長，率いる hanging on the 塀で囲む of my room, and I took to wondering who it could be; and after about an hour I realized that it must be Sainte Éloise, who was the patron saint of the ４半期/4分の1. I had never taken any notice of the thing before, but now, as I lay 星／主役にするing at it, a most 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の idea （機の）カム into my 長，率いる.

'"Écoute, mon cher," I said to myself, "you'll be 餓死するing to death if this goes on much longer. You've got to do something. Why not try a 祈り to Sainte Éloise? Go 負かす／撃墜する on your 膝s and ask her to send you some money. After all, it can't do any 害（を与える）. Try it!"

'Mad, eh? Still, a man will do anything when he's hungry. Besides, as I said, it couldn't do any 害（を与える）. I got out of bed and began praying. I said:

'"Dear Sainte Éloise, if you 存在する, please send me some money. I don't ask for much—just enough to buy some bread and a 瓶／封じ込める of ワイン and get my strength 支援する. Three or four フランs would do. You don't know how 感謝する I'll be, Sainte Éloise, if you help me this once. And be sure, if you send me anything, the first thing I'll do will be to go and bum a candle for you, at your church 負かす／撃墜する the street. Amen."

'I put in that about the candle, because I had heard that saints like having candles burnt in their honour. I meant to keep my 約束, of course. But I am an atheist and I didn't really believe that anything would come of it.

'井戸／弁護士席, I got into bed again, and five minutes later there （機の）カム a bang at the door. It was a girl called Maria, a big fat 小作農民 girl who lived at our hotel. She was a very stupid girl, but a good sort, and I didn't much care for her to see me in the 明言する／公表する I was in.

'She cried out at the sight of me. "Nom de Dieu!" she said, "what's the 事柄 with you? What are you doing in bed at this time of day? 鎮圧する 地雷 que tu as! You look more like a 死体 than a man."

'Probably I did look a sight. I had been five days without food, most of the time in bed, and it was three days since I had had a wash or a shave. The room was a 正規の／正選手 pigsty, too.

'"What's the 事柄?" said Maria again.

'"The 事柄!" I said; "Jesus Christ! I'm 餓死するing. I 港／避難所't eaten for five days. That's what's the 事柄."

'Maria was horrified. "Not eaten for five days?" she said. "But why? 港／避難所't you any money, then?"

'"Money!" I said. "Do you suppose I should be 餓死するing if I had money? I've got just five sous in the world, and I've pawned everything. Look 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the room and see if there's anything more I can sell or pawn. If you can find anything that will fetch fifty centimes, you're cleverer than I am."

'Maria began looking 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the room. She poked here and there の中で a lot of rubbish that was lying about, and then suddenly she got やめる excited. Her 広大な／多数の／重要な 厚い mouth fell open with astonishment.

'"You idiot!" she cried out. "Imbecile! What's this, then?"

'I saw that she had 選ぶd up an empty oil bidon that had been lying in the corner. I had bought it weeks before, for an oil lamp I had before I sold my things.

"That?" I said. "That's an oil bidon. What about it?"

'"Imbecile! Didn't you 支払う／賃金 three フランs fifty deposit on it?"

'Now, of course I had paid the three フランs fifty. They always make you 支払う／賃金 a deposit on the bidon, and you get it 支援する when the bidon is returned. But I'd forgotten all about it.

'"Yes—" I began.

'"Idiot!" shouted Maria again. She got so excited that she began to dance about until I thought her sabots would go through the 床に打ち倒す, "Idiot! T'es fou! T'es fou! What have you got to do but take it 支援する to the shop and get your deposit 支援する? 餓死するing, with three フランs fifty 星／主役にするing you in the 直面する! Imbecile!"

'I can hardly believe now that in all those five days I had never once thought of taking the bidon 支援する to the shop. As good as three フランs fifty in hard cash, and it had never occurred to me! I sat up in bed. "Quick!" I shouted to Maria, "you take it for me. Take it to the grocer's at the corner—run like the devil. And bring 支援する food!"

'Maria didn't need to be told. She grabbed the bidon and went clattering 負かす／撃墜する the stairs like a herd of elephants and in three minutes she was 支援する with two 続けざまに猛撃するs of bread under one arm and a half-litre 瓶／封じ込める of ワイン under the other. I didn't stop to thank her; I just 掴むd the bread and sank my teeth in it. Have you noticed how bread tastes when you have been hungry for a long time? 冷淡な, wet, doughy—like putty almost. But, Jesus Christ, how good it was! As for the ワイン, I sucked it all 負かす／撃墜する in one draught, and it seemed to go straight into my veins and flow 一連の会議、交渉／完成する my 団体／死体 like new 血. Ah, that made a difference!

'I wolfed the whole two 続けざまに猛撃するs of bread without stopping to take breath. Maria stood with her 手渡すs on her hips, watching me eat. "井戸／弁護士席, you feel better, eh?" she said when I had finished.

'"Better!" I said. "I feel perfect! I'm not the same man as I was five minutes ago. There's only one thing in the world I need now—a cigarette."

'Maria put her 手渡す in her apron pocket. "You can't have it," she said. "I've no money. This is all I had left out of your three フランs fifty —seven sous. It's no good; the cheapest cigarettes are twelve sous a packet."

'"Then I can have them!" I said. "Jesus Christ, what a piece of luck! I've got five sous—it's just enough."

'Maria took the twelve sous and was starting out to the tobacconist's. And then something I had forgotten all this time （機の）カム into my 長，率いる. There was that 悪口を言う／悪態d Sainte Éloise! I had 約束d her a candle if she sent me money; and really, who could say that the 祈り hadn't come true? "Three or four フランs," I had said; and the next moment along （機の）カム three フランs fifty. There was no getting away from it. I should have to spend my twelve sous on a candle.

'I called Maria 支援する. "It's no use," I said; "there is Sainte Éloise —I have 約束d her a candle. The twelve sous will have to go on that. Silly, isn't it? I can't have my cigarettes after all."

'"Sainte Éloise?" said Maria. "What about Sainte Éloise?"

'"I prayed to her for money and 約束d her a candle," I said. "She answered the 祈り—at any 率, the money turned up. I shall have to buy that candle. It's a nuisance, but it seems to me I must keep my 約束."

'"But what put Sainte Éloise into your 長，率いる?" said Maria.

'"It was her picture," I said, and I explained the whole thing. "There she is, you see," I said, and I pointed to the picture on the 塀で囲む.

'Maria looked at the picture, and then to my surprise she burst into shouts of laughter. She laughed more and more, stamping about the room and 持つ／拘留するing her fat 味方するs as though they would burst. I thought she had gone mad. It was two minutes before she could speak.

'"Idiot!" she cried at last. "T'es fou! T'es fou! Do you mean to tell me you really knelt 負かす／撃墜する and prayed to that picture? Who told you it was Sainte Éloise?"

'"But I made sure it was Sainte Éloise!" I said.

'"Imbecile! It isn't Sainte Éloise at all. Who do you think it is?"

'"Who?" I said.

'"It is Suzanne May, the woman this hotel is called after."

'I had been praying to Suzanne May, the famous 売春婦 of the Empire...

'But, after all, I wasn't sorry. Maria and I had a good laugh, and then we talked it over, and we made out that I didn't 借りがある Sainte Éloise anything. 明確に it wasn't she who had answered the 祈り, and there was no need to buy her a candle. So I had my packet of cigarettes after all.'

XVI

TIME went on and the Auberge de Jehan Cottard showed no 調印するs of 開始. Boris and I went 負かす／撃墜する there one day during our afternoon interval and 設立する that 非，不，無 of the alterations had been done, except the indecent pictures, and there were three duns instead of two. The patron 迎える／歓迎するd us with his usual blandness, and the next instant turned to me (his 見込みのある dishwasher) and borrowed five フランs. After that I felt 確かな that the restaurant would never get beyond talk. The patron, however, again 指名するd the 開始 for '正確に／まさに a fortnight from today', and introduced us to the woman who was to do the cooking, a Baltic ロシアの five feet tall and a yard across the hips. She told us that she had been a singer before she （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する to cooking, and that she was very artistic and adored English literature, 特に La 事例／患者 de l'Oncle Tom.

In a fortnight I had got so used to the 決まりきった仕事 of a plongeur's life that I could hardly imagine anything different. It was a life without much variation. At a ４半期/4分の1 to six one woke with a sudden start, 宙返り／暴落するd into grease-強化するd 着せる／賦与するs, and hurried out with dirty 直面する and 抗議するing muscles. It was 夜明け, and the windows were dark except for the workmen's cafés. The sky was like a 広大な flat 塀で囲む of cobalt, with roofs and spires of 黒人／ボイコット paper pasted upon it. Drowsy men were 広範囲にわたる the pavements with ten-foot besoms, and ragged families 選ぶing over the dustbins. Workmen, and girls with a piece of chocolate in one 手渡す and a croissant in the other, were 注ぐing into the Métro 駅／配置するs. Trams, filled with more workmen, にわか景気d gloomily past. One 急いでd 負かす／撃墜する to the 駅／配置する, fought for a place—one does literally have to fight on the Paris Métro at six in the morning—and stood jammed in the swaying 集まり of 乗客s, nose to nose with some hideous French 直面する, breathing sour ワイン and garlic. And then one descended into the 迷宮／迷路 of the hotel 地階, and forgot daylight till two o'clock, when the sun was hot and the town 黒人／ボイコット with people and cars.

After my first week at the hotel I always spent the afternoon interval in sleeping, or, when I had money, in a bistro. Except for a few ambitious waiters who went to English classes, the whole staff wasted their leisure in this way; one seemed too lazy after the morning's work to do anything better. いつかs half a dozen plongeurs would （不足などを）補う a party and go to an abominable 売春宿 in the Rue de Sieyes, where the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 was only five フランs twenty-five centimes—tenpence half-penny. It was 愛称d 'le prix 直す／買収する，八百長をする', and they used to 述べる their experiences there as a 広大な／多数の／重要な joke. It was a favourite rendezvous of hotel 労働者s. The plongeurs' 給料 did not 許す them to marry, and no 疑問 work in the 地階 does not encourage fastidious feelings.

For another four hours one was in the cellars, and then one 現れるd, sweating, into the 冷静な／正味の street. It was lamplight—that strange purplish gleam of the Paris lamps—and beyond the river the Eiffel Tower flashed from 最高の，を越す to 底（に届く） with ジグザグの skysigns, like enormous snakes of 解雇する／砲火／射撃. Streams of cars glided silently to and fro, and women, exquisite-looking in the 薄暗い light, strolled up and 負かす／撃墜する the arcade. いつかs a woman would ちらりと見ること at Boris or me, and then, noticing our greasy 着せる／賦与するs, look あわてて away again. One fought another 戦う／戦い in the Métro and was home by ten. 一般に from ten to midnight I went to a little bistro in our street, an 地下組織の place たびたび（訪れる）d by Arab navvies. It was a bad place for fights, and I いつかs saw 瓶／封じ込めるs thrown, once with fearful 影響, but as a 支配する the Arabs fought の中で themselves and let Christians alone. Raki, the Arab drink, was very cheap, and the bistro was open at all hours, for the Arabs—lucky men—had the 力／強力にする of working all day and drinking all night.

It was the typical life of a plongeur, and it did not seem a bad life at the time. I had no sensation of poverty, for even after 支払う／賃金ing my rent and setting aside enough for タバコ and 旅行s and my food on Sundays, I still had four フランs a day for drinks, and four フランs was wealth. There was—it is hard to 表明する it—a sort of 激しい contentment, the contentment a 井戸／弁護士席-fed beast might feel, in a life which had become so simple. For nothing could be simpler than the life of a plongeur. He lives in a rhythm between work and sleep, without time to think, hardly conscious of the exterior world; his Paris has shrunk to the hotel, the Métro, a few bistros and his bed. If he goes afield, it is only a few streets away, on a trip with some servant-girl who sits on his 膝 swallowing oysters and beer. On his 解放する／自由な day he lies in bed till noon, puts on a clean shirt, throws dice for drinks, and after lunch goes 支援する to bed again. Nothing is やめる real to him but the boulot, drinks and sleep; and of these sleep is the most important.

One night, in the small hours, there was a 殺人 just beneath my window. I was woken by a fearful uproar, and, going to the window, saw a man lying flat on the 石／投石するs below; I could see the 殺害者s, three of them, flitting away at the end of the street. Some of us went 負かす／撃墜する and 設立する that the man was やめる dead, his skull 割れ目d with a piece of lead 麻薬を吸うing. I remember the colour of his 血, curiously purple, like ワイン; it was still on the cobbles when I （機の）カム home that evening, and they said the school-children had come from miles 一連の会議、交渉／完成する to see it. But the thing that strikes me in looking 支援する is that I was in bed and asleep within three minutes of the 殺人. So were most of the people in the street; we just made sure that the man was done for, and went straight 支援する to bed. We were working people, and where was the sense of wasting sleep over a 殺人?

Work in the hotel taught me the true value of sleep, just as 存在 hungry had taught me the true value of food. Sleep had 中止するd to be a mere physical necessity; it was something voluptuous, a debauch more than a 救済. I had no more trouble with the bugs. Mario had told me of a sure 治療（薬） for them, すなわち pepper, まき散らすd 厚い over the bedclothes. It made me sneeze, but the bugs all hated it, and emigrated to other rooms.

XVII

WITH thirty フランs a week to spend on drinks I could take part in the social life of the ４半期/4分の1. We had some jolly evenings, on Saturdays, in the little bistro at the foot of the Hôtel des Trois Moineaux.

The brick-床に打ち倒すd room, fifteen feet square, was packed with twenty people, and the 空気／公表する 薄暗い with smoke. The noise was deafening, for everyone was either talking at the 最高の，を越す of his 発言する／表明する or singing. いつかs it was just a 混乱させるd din of 発言する／表明するs; いつかs everyone would burst out together in the same song—the 'Marseillaise', or the 'Internationale', or 'Madelon', or 'Les Fraises et les Framboises'. Azaya, a 広大な／多数の／重要な clumping 小作農民 girl who worked fourteen hours a day in a glass factory, sang a song about, 'Il a perdu ses pantalons, tout en dansant le Charleston.' Her friend Marinette, a thin, dark Corsican girl of obstinate virtue, tied her 膝s together and danced the danse du ventre. The old Rougiers wandered in and out, cadging drinks and trying to tell a long, 伴う／関わるd story about someone who had once cheated them over a bedstead. R., cadaverous and silent, sat in his corner 静かに boozing. Charlie, drunk, half danced, half staggered to and fro with a glass of sham absinthe balanced in one fat 手渡す, pinching the women's breasts and declaiming poetry. People played darts and diced for drinks. Manuel, a Spaniard, dragged the girls to the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 and shook the dice-box against their bellies, for luck. Madame F. stood at the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 速く 注ぐing chopines of ワイン through the pewter funnel, with a wet dishcloth always handy, because every man in the room tried to make love to her. Two children, bastards of big Louis the bricklayer, sat in a corner 株ing a glass of sirop. Everyone was very happy, 圧倒的に 確かな that the world was a good place and we a 著名な 始める，決める of people.

For an hour the noise scarcely slackened. Then about midnight there was a piercing shout of 'Citoyens!' and the sound of a 議長，司会を務める 落ちるing over. A blond, red-直面するd workman had risen to his feet and was banging a 瓶／封じ込める on the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する. Everyone stopped singing; the word went 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, 'Sh! Furex is starting!' Furex was a strange creature, a Limousin stonemason who worked 刻々と all the week and drank himself into a 肉親，親類d of paroxysm on Saturdays. He had lost his memory and could not remember anything before the war, and he would have gone to pieces through drink if Madame F. had not taken care of him. On Saturday evenings at about five o'clock she would say to someone, 'Catch Furex before he spends his 給料,' and when he had been caught she would take away his money, leaving him enough for one good drink. One week he escaped, and, rolling blind drunk in the Place Monge, was run over by a car and 不正に 傷つける.

The queer thing about Furex was that, though he was a 共産主義者 when sober, he turned violently 愛国的な when drunk. He started the evening with good 共産主義者 原則s, but after four or five litres he was a はびこる Chauvinist, 公然と非難するing 秘かに調査するs, challenging all foreigners to fight, and, if he was not 妨げるd, throwing 瓶／封じ込めるs. It was at this 行う／開催する／段階 that he made his speech—for he made a 愛国的な speech every Saturday night. The speech was always the same, word for word. It ran:

'国民s of the 共和国, are there any Frenchmen here? If there are any Frenchmen here, I rise to remind them—to remind them in 影響, of the glorious days of the war. When one looks 支援する upon that time of comradeship and heroism—one looks 支援する, in 影響, upon that time of comradeship and heroism. When one remembers the heroes who are dead—one remembers, in 影響, the heroes who are dead. 国民s of the 共和国, I was 負傷させるd at Verdun—'

Here he 部分的に／不公平に undressed and showed the 負傷させる he had received at Verdun. There were shouts of 賞賛. We thought nothing in the world could be funnier than this speech of Furex's. He was a 井戸／弁護士席-known spectacle in the ４半期/4分の1; people used to come in from other bistros to watch him when his fit started.

The word was passed 一連の会議、交渉／完成する to bait Furex. With a wink to the others someone called for silence, and asked him to sing the 'Marseillaise'. He sang it 井戸／弁護士席, in a 罰金 bass 発言する／表明する, with 愛国的な gurgling noises 深い 負かす／撃墜する in his chest when he （機の）カム to 'Aux arrmes, citoyens! Forrmez vos bataillons!' Veritable 涙／ほころびs rolled 負かす／撃墜する his cheeks; he was too drunk to see that everyone was laughing at him. Then, before he had finished, two strong workmen 掴むd him by either arm and held him 負かす／撃墜する, while Azaya shouted, 'Vive l'Allemagne!' just out of his reach. Furex's 直面する went purple at such infamy. Everyone in the bistro began shouting together, 'Vive l'Allemagne! À bas la フラン!' while Furex struggled to get at them. But suddenly he spoiled the fun. His 直面する turned pale and doleful, his 四肢s went limp, and before anyone could stop him he was sick on the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する. Then Madame F. hoisted him like a 解雇（する） and carried him up to bed. In the morning he 再現するd 静かな and civil, and bought a copy of L'Humanité.

The （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する was wiped with a cloth, Madame F. brought more litre 瓶／封じ込めるs and loaves of bread, and we Settled 負かす／撃墜する to serious drinking. There were more songs. An itinerant singer （機の）カム in with his banjo and 成し遂げるd for five-sou pieces. An Arab and a girl from the bistro 負かす／撃墜する the street did a dance, the man （権力などを）行使するing a painted 木造の phallus the size of a rolling-pin. There were gaps in the noise now. People had begun to talk about their love-事件／事情／状勢s, and the war, and the barbel fishing in the Seine, and the best way to faire la révolution, and to tell stories. Charlie, grown sober again, 逮捕（する）d the conversation and talked about his soul for five minutes. The doors and windows were opened to 冷静な／正味の the room. The street was emptying, and in the distance one could hear the lonely milk train 雷鳴ing 負かす／撃墜する the Boulevard St Michel. The 空気／公表する blew 冷淡な on our foreheads, and the coarse African ワイン still tasted good: we were still happy, but meditatively, with the shouting and hilarious mood finished.

By one o'clock we were not happy any longer. We felt the joy of the evening wearing thin, and called あわてて for more 瓶／封じ込めるs, but Madame F. was watering the ワイン now, and it did not taste the same. Men grew quarrelsome. The girls were violently kissed and 手渡すs thrust into their bosoms and they made off lest worse should happen. Big Louis, the bricklayer, was drunk, and はうd about the 床に打ち倒す barking and pretending to be a dog. The others grew tired of him and kicked at him as he went past. People 掴むd each other by the arm and began long rambling 自白s, and were angry when these were not listened to. The （人が）群がる thinned. Manuel and another man, both gamblers, went across to the Arab bistro, where card-playing went on till daylight. Charlie suddenly borrowed thirty フランs from Madame F. and disappeared, probably to a 売春宿. Men began to empty their glasses, call 簡潔に, ''Sieurs, Dames!' and go off to bed.

By half past one the last 減少（する） of 楽しみ had evaporated, leaving nothing but 頭痛s. We perceived that we were not splendid inhabitants of a splendid world, but a 乗組員 of underpaid workmen grown squalidly and dismally drunk. We went on swallowing the ワイン, but it was only from habit, and the stuff seemed suddenly nauseating. One's 長，率いる had swollen up like a balloon, the 床に打ち倒す 激しく揺するd, one's tongue and lips were stained purple. At last it was no use keeping it up any longer. Several men went out into the yard behind the bistro and were sick. We はうd up to bed, 宙返り／暴落するd 負かす／撃墜する half dressed, and stayed there ten hours.

Most of my Saturday nights went in this way. On the whole, the two hours when one was perfectly and wildly happy seemed 価値（がある） the その後の 頭痛. For many men in the ４半期/4分の1, unmarried and with no 未来 to think of, the 週刊誌 drinking-一区切り／（ボクシングなどの）試合 was the one thing that made life 価値（がある） living.

XVIII

CHARLIE told us a good story one Saturday night in the bistro. Try and picture him—drunk, but sober enough to talk consecutively. He bangs on the zinc 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 and yells for silence:

'Silence, messieurs et dames—silence, I implore you! Listen to this story, that I am about to tell you. A memorable story, an instructive story, one of the souvenirs of a 精製するd and civilized life. Silence, messieurs et dames!

'It happened at a time when I was hard up. You know what that is like —how damnable, that a man of refinement should ever be in such a 条件. My money had not come from home; I had pawned everything, and there was nothing open to me except to work, which is a thing I will not do. I was living with a girl at the time—Yvonne her 指名する was—a 広大な／多数の／重要な half-witted 小作農民 girl like Azaya there, with yellow hair and fat 脚s. The two of us had eaten nothing in three days. Mon Dieu, what sufferings! The girl used to walk up and 負かす／撃墜する the room with her 手渡すs on her belly, howling like a dog that she was dying of 餓死. It was terrible.

'But to a man of 知能 nothing is impossible. I propounded to myself the question, "What is the easiest way to get money without working?" And すぐに the answer （機の）カム: "To get money easily one must be a woman. Has not every woman something to sell?" And then, as I lay 反映するing upon the things I should do if I were a woman, an idea （機の）カム into my 長，率いる. I remembered the 政府 maternity hospitals—you know the 政府 maternity hospitals? They are places where women who are enceinte are given meals 解放する／自由な and no questions are asked. It is done to encourage childbearing. Any woman can go there and 需要・要求する a meal, and she is given it すぐに.

'"Mon Dieu!" I thought, "if only I were a woman! I would eat at one of those places every day. Who can tell whether a woman is enceinte or not, without an examination?"

'I turned to Yvonne. "Stop that insufferable bawling." I said, "I have thought of a way to get food."

'"How?" she said.

'"It is simple," I said. "Go to the 政府 maternity hospital. Tell them you are enceinte and ask for food. They will give you a good meal and ask no questions."

'Yvonne was appalled. "Mais mon Dieu," she cried, "I am not enceinte!"

'"Who cares?" I said. "That is easily 治療（薬）d. What do you need except a cushion—two cushions if necessary? It is an inspiration from heaven, ma chère. Don't waste it."

'井戸／弁護士席, in the end I 説得するd her, and then we borrowed a cushion and I got her ready and took her to the maternity hospital. They received her with open 武器. They gave her cabbage soup, a ragout of beef, a puree of potatoes, bread and cheese and beer, and all 肉親，親類d of advice about her baby. Yvonne gorged till she almost burst her 肌, and managed to slip some of the bread and cheese into her pocket for me. I took her there every day until I had money again. My 知能 had saved us.

'Everything went 井戸／弁護士席 until a year later. I was with Yvonne again, and one day we were walking 負かす／撃墜する the Boulevard Port 王室の, 近づく the 兵舎. Suddenly Yvonne's mouth fell open, and she began turning red and white, and red again.

'"Mon Dieu!" she cried, "look at that who is coming! It is the nurse who was in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 at the maternity hospital. I am 廃虚d!"

'"Quick!" I said, "run!" But it was too late. The nurse had 認めるd Yvonne, and she （機の）カム straight up to us, smiling. She was a big fat woman with a gold pince-nez and red cheeks like the cheeks of an apple. A motherly, 干渉するing 肉親，親類d of woman.

'"I hope you are 井戸／弁護士席, ma petite?" she said kindly. "And your baby, is he 井戸／弁護士席 too? Was it a boy, as you were hoping?"

'Yvonne had begun trembling so hard that I had to 支配する her arm. "No," she said at last.

'"Ah, then, évidemment, it was a girl?"

'Thereupon Yvonne, the idiot, lost her 長，率いる 完全に. "No," she 現実に said again!

'The nurse was taken aback. "Comment!" she exclaimed, "neither a boy nor a girl! But how can that be?"

'人物／姿／数字 to yourselves, messieurs et dames, it was a dangerous moment. Yvonne had turned the colour of a beetroot and she looked ready to burst into 涙／ほころびs; another second and she would have 自白するd everything. Heaven knows what might have happened. But as for me, I had kept my 長，率いる; I stepped in and saved the 状況／情勢.

'"It was twins," I said calmly.

'"Twins!" exclaimed the nurse. And she was so pleased that she took Yvonne by the shoulders and embraced her on both cheeks, 公然と.

'Yes, twins...'

XIX

ONE day, when we had been at the Hôtel X five or six weeks, Boris disappeared without notice. In the evening I 設立する him waiting for me in the Rue de Rivoli. He slapped me gaily on the shoulder.

'解放する／自由な at last, mon ami! You can give notice in the morning. The Auberge opens tomorrow.'

'Tomorrow?'

'井戸／弁護士席, かもしれない we shall need a day or two to arrange things. But, at any 率, no more cafeteria! Nous sommes lancés, mon ami! My tail coat is out of pawn already.'

His manner was so hearty that I felt sure there was something wrong, and I did not at all want to leave my 安全な and comfortable 職業 at the hotel. However, I had 約束d Boris, so I gave notice, and the next morning at seven went 負かす／撃墜する to the Auberge de Jehan Cottard. It was locked, and I went in search of Boris, who had once more bolted from his lodgings and taken a room in the rue de la Croix Nivert. I 設立する him asleep, together with a girl whom he had 選ぶd up the night before, and who he told me was 'of a very 同情的な temperament.' As to the restaurant, he said that it was all arranged; there were only a few little things to be seen to before we opened.

At ten I managed to get Boris out of bed, and we 打ち明けるd the restaurant. At a ちらりと見ること I saw what the 'few little things' 量d to. It was 簡潔に this: that the alterations had not been touched since our last visit. The stoves for the kitchen had not arrived, the water and electricity had not been laid on, and there was all manner of 絵, polishing and carpentering to be done. Nothing short of a 奇蹟 could open the restaurant within ten days, and by the look of things it might 崩壊（する） without even 開始. It was obvious what had happened. The patron was short of money, and he had engaged the staff (there were four of us) in order to use us instead of workmen. He would be getting our services almost 解放する／自由な, for waiters are paid no 給料, and though he would have to 支払う／賃金 me, he would not be feeding me till the restaurant opened. In 影響, he had 搾取するd us of several hundred フランs by sending for us before the restaurant was open. We had thrown up a good 職業 for nothing.

Boris, however, was 十分な of hope. He had only one idea in his 長，率いる, すなわち, that here at last was a chance of 存在 a waiter and wearing a tail coat once more. For this he was やめる willing to do ten days' work 未払いの, with the chance of 存在 left 失業 in the end. 'Patience!' he kept 説. 'That will arrange itself. Wait till the restaurant opens, and we'll get it all 支援する. Patience, mon ami!'

We needed patience, for days passed and the restaurant did not even 進歩 に向かって 開始. We cleaned out the cellars, 直す／買収する，八百長をするd the 棚上げにするs, distempered the 塀で囲むs, polished the woodwork, whitewashed the 天井, stained the 床に打ち倒す; but the main work, the plumbing and gas-fitting and electricity, was still not done, because the patron could not 支払う／賃金 the 法案s. Evidently he was almost penniless, for he 辞退するd the smallest 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s, and he had a trick of 速く disappearing when asked for money. His blend of shiftiness and aristocratic manners made him very hard to 取引，協定 with. Melancholy duns （機の）カム looking for him at all hours, and by 指示／教授／教育 we always told them that he was at Fontainebleau, or Saint Cloud, or some other place that was 安全に distant. 一方／合間, I was getting hungrier and hungrier. I had left the hotel with thirty フランs, and I had to go 支援する すぐに to a diet of 乾燥した，日照りの bread. Boris had managed in the beginning to 抽出する an 前進する of sixty フランs from the patron, but he had spent half of it, in redeeming his waiter's 着せる／賦与するs, and half on the girl of 同情的な temperament. He borrowed three フランs a day from Jules, the second waiter, and spent it on bread. Some days we had not even money for タバコ.

いつかs the cook （機の）カム to see how things were getting on, and when she saw that the kitchen was still 明らかにする of マリファナs and pans she usually wept. Jules, the second waiter, 辞退するd 刻々と to help with the work. He was a Magyar, a little dark, sharp-featured fellow in spectacles, and very talkative; he had been a 医療の student, but had abandoned his training for 欠如（する） of money. He had a taste for talking while other people were working, and he told me all about himself and his ideas. It appeared that he was a 共産主義者, and had さまざまな strange theories (he could 証明する to you by 人物／姿／数字s that it was wrong to work), and he was also, like most Magyars, passionately proud. Proud and lazy men do not make good waiters. It was Jules's dearest 誇る that once when a 顧客 in a restaurant had 侮辱d him, he had 注ぐd a plate of hot soup 負かす／撃墜する the 顧客's neck, and then walked straight out without even waiting to be 解雇（する）d.

As each day went by Jules grew more and more enraged at the trick the patron had played on us. He had a spluttering, oratorical way of talking. He used to walk up and 負かす／撃墜する shaking his 握りこぶし, and trying to 刺激する me not to work:

'Put that 小衝突 負かす／撃墜する, you fool! You and I belong to proud races; we don't work for nothing, like these damned ロシアの serfs. I tell you, to be cheated like this is 拷問 to me. There have been times in my life, when someone has cheated me even of five sous, when I have vomited—yes, vomited with 激怒（する）.

'Besides, mon vieux, don't forget that I'm a 共産主義者. À bas la bourgeoisie! Did any man alive ever see me working when I could 避ける it? No. And not only I don't wear myself out working, like you other fools, but I steal, just to show my independence. Once I was in a restaurant where the patron thought he could 扱う／治療する me like a dog. 井戸／弁護士席, in 復讐 I 設立する out a way to steal milk from the milk-cans and 調印（する） them up again so that no one should know. I tell you I just swilled that milk 負かす／撃墜する night and morning. Every day I drank four litres of milk, besides half a litre of cream. The patron was at his wits' end to know where the milk was going. It wasn't that I 手配中の，お尋ね者 milk, you understand, because I hate the stuff; it was 原則, just 原則.

'井戸／弁護士席, after three days I began to get dreadful 苦痛s in my belly, and I went to the doctor. "What have you been eating?" he said. I said: "I drink four litres of milk a day, and half a litre of cream." "Four litres!" he said. "Then stop it at once. You'll burst if you go on." "What do I care?" I said. "With me 原則 is everything. I shall go on drinking that milk, even if I do burst."

'井戸／弁護士席, the next day the patron caught me stealing milk. "You're 解雇（する）d," he said; "you leave at the end of the week." "容赦, monsieur," I said, "I shall leave this morning." "No, you won't," he said, "I can't spare you till Saturday." "Very 井戸／弁護士席, mon patron," I thought to myself, "we'll see who gets tired of it first." And then I 始める，決める to work to 粉砕する the crockery. I broke nine plates the first day and thirteen the second; after that the patron was glad to see the last of me.

'Ah, I'm not one of your ロシアの moujiks...'

Ten days passed. It was a bad time. I was 絶対 at the end of my money, and my rent was several days 延滞の. We loafed about the dismal empty restaurant, too hungry even to get on with the work that remained. Only Boris now believed that the restaurant would open. He had 始める，決める his heart on 存在 maître d'hôtel, and he invented a theory that the patron's money was tied up in 株 and he was waiting a favourable moment for selling. On the tenth day I had nothing to eat or smoke, and I told the patron that I could not continue working without an 前進する on my 給料. As blandly as usual, the patron 約束d the 前進する, and then, （許可，名誉などを）与えるing to his custom, 消えるd. I walked part of the way home, but I did not feel equal to a scene with Madame F. over the rent, so I passed the night on a （法廷の）裁判 on the boulevard. It was very uncomfortable—the arm of the seat 削減（する）s into your 支援する—and much colder than I had 推定する／予想するd. There was plenty of time, in the long boring hours between 夜明け and work, to think what a fool I had been to 配達する myself into the 手渡すs of these ロシアのs.

Then, in the morning, the luck changed. Evidently the patron had come to an understanding with his creditors, for he arrived with money in his pockets, 始める，決める the alterations going, and gave me my 前進する. Boris and I bought macaroni and a piece of horse's 肝臓, and had our first hot meal in ten days.

The workmen were brought in and the alterations made, あわてて and with incredible shoddiness. The （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs, for instance, were to be covered with baize, but when the patron 設立する that baize was expensive he bought instead disused army 一面に覆う／毛布s, smelling incorrigibly of sweat. The （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する cloths (they were check, to go with the 'Norman' decorations) would cover them, of course. On the last night we were at work till two in the morning, getting things ready. The crockery did not arrive till eight, and, 存在 new, had all to be washed. The cutlery did not arrive till the next morning, nor the linen either, so that we had to 乾燥した，日照りの the crockery with a shirt of the patron's and an old pillowslip belonging to the concierge. Boris and I did all the work. Jules was skulking, and the patron and his wife sat in the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 with a dun and some ロシアの friends, drinking success to the restaurant. The cook was in the kitchen with her 長，率いる on the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, crying, because she was 推定する／予想するd to cook for fifty people, and there were not マリファナs and pans enough for ten. About midnight there was a fearful interview with some duns, who （機の）カム ーするつもりであるing to 掴む eight 巡査 saucepans which the patron had 得るd on credit. They were bought off with half a 瓶／封じ込める of brandy.

Jules and I 行方不明になるd the last Métro home and had to sleep on the 床に打ち倒す of the restaurant. The first thing we saw in the morning were two large ネズミs sitting on the kitchen （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, eating from a ham that stood there. It seemed a bad omen, and I was surer than ever that the Auberge de Jehan Cottard would turn out a 失敗.

XX

THE patron had engaged me as kitchen plongeur; that is, my 職業 was to wash up, keep the kitchen clean, 準備する vegetables, make tea, coffee and 挟むs, do the simpler cooking, and run errands. The 条件 were, as usual, five hundred フランs a month and food, but I had no 解放する／自由な day and no 直す／買収する，八百長をするd working hours. At the Hôtel X I had seen catering at its best, with 制限のない money and good organization. Now, at the Auberge, I learned how things are done in a 完全に bad restaurant. It is 価値（がある） 述べるing, for there are hundreds of 類似の restaurants in Paris, and every 訪問者 料金d in one of them occasionally.

I should 追加する, by the way, that the Auberge was not the ordinary cheap eating-house たびたび（訪れる）d by students and workmen. We did not 供給する an 適する meal at いっそう少なく than twenty-five フランs, and we were picturesque and artistic, which sent up our social standing. There were the indecent pictures in the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業, and the Norman decorations—sham beams on the 塀で囲むs, electric lights done up as candlesticks, '小作農民' pottery, even a 開始するing-封鎖する at the door—and the patron and the 長，率いる waiter were ロシアの officers, and many of the 顧客s tided ロシアの 難民s. In short, we were decidedly chic.

にもかかわらず, the 条件s behind the kitchen door were suitable for a pigsty. For this is what our service 手はず／準備 were like.

The kitchen 手段d fifteen feet long by eight 幅の広い, and half this space was taken up by the stoves and （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs. All the マリファナs had to be kept on 棚上げにするs out of reach, and there was only room for one dustbin. This dustbin used to be crammed 十分な by midday, and the 床に打ち倒す was 普通は an インチ 深い in a compost of trampled food.

For 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing we had nothing but three gas-stoves, without ovens, and all 共同のs had to be sent out to the パン屋.

There was no larder. Our 代用品，人 for one was a half-roofed shed in the yard, with a tree growing in the middle of it. The meat, vegetables and so 前へ／外へ lay there on the 明らかにする earth, （警察の）手入れ，急襲d by ネズミs and cats.

There was no hot water laid on. Water for washing up had to be heated in pans, and, as there was no room for these on the stoves when meals were cooking, most of the plates had to be washed in 冷淡な water. This, with soft soap and the hard Paris water, meant 捨てるing the grease off with bits of newspaper.

We were so short of saucepans that I had to wash each one as soon as it was done with, instead of leaving them till the evening. This alone wasted probably an hour a day.

借りがあるing to some scamping of expense in the 取り付け・設備, the electric light usually fused at eight in the evening. The patron would only 許す us three candles in the kitchen, and the cook said three were unlucky, so we had only two.

Our coffee-grinder was borrowed from a bistro 近づく by, and our dustbin and brooms from the concierge. After the first week a 量 of linen did not come 支援する from the wash, as the 法案 was not paid. We were in trouble with the 視察官 of 労働, who had discovered that the staff 含むd no Frenchmen; he had several 私的な interviews with the patron, who, I believe, was 強いるd to 賄賂 him. The electric company was still dunning us, and when the duns 設立する that we would buy them off with apéritifs, they （機の）カム every morning. We were in 負債 at the grocery, and credit would have been stopped, only the grocer's wife (a moustachio'd woman of sixty) had taken a fancy to Jules, who was sent every morning to cajole her. 類似して I had to waste an hour every day haggling over vegetables in the rue du 商業, to save a few centimes.

These are the results of starting a restaurant on insufficient 資本／首都. And in these 条件s the cook and I were 推定する／予想するd to serve thirty or forty meals a day, and would later on be serving a hundred. From the first day it was too much for us. The cook's working hours were from eight in the morning till midnight, and 地雷 from seven in the morning till half past twelve the next morning—seventeen and a half hours, almost without a break. We never had time to sit 負かす／撃墜する till five in the afternoon, and even then there was no seat except the 最高の，を越す of the dustbin. Boris, who lived 近づく by and had not to catch the last Métro home, worked from eight in the morning till two the next morning—eighteen hours a day, seven days a week. Such hours, though not usual, are nothing 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の in Paris.

Life settled at once into a 決まりきった仕事 that made the Hôtel X seem like a holiday. Every morning at six I drove myself out of bed, did not shave, いつかs washed, hurried up to the Place d'ltalie and fought for a place on the Métro. By seven I was in the desolation of the 冷淡な, filthy kitchen, with the potato 肌s and bones and fishtails littered on the 床に打ち倒す, and a pile of plates, stuck together in their grease, waiting from 夜通し. I could not start on the plates yet, because the water was 冷淡な, and I had to fetch milk and make coffee, for the others arrived at eight and 推定する／予想するd to find coffee ready. Also, there were always several 巡査 saucepans to clean. Those 巡査 saucepans are the 禁止（する） of a plongeur's life. They have to be scoured with sand and bunches of chain, ten minutes to each one, and then polished on the outside with Brasso. Fortunately, the art of making them has been lost and they are 徐々に 消えるing from French kitchens, though one can still buy them second-手渡す.

When I had begun on the plates the cook would take me away from the plates to begin skinning onions, and when I had begun on the onions the patron would arrive and send me out to buy cabbages. When I （機の）カム 支援する with the cabbages the patron's wife would tell me to go to some shop half a mile away and buy a マリファナ of 紅; by the time I （機の）カム 支援する there would be more vegetables waiting, and the plates were still not done. In this way our 無資格／無能力 piled one 職業 on another throughout the day, everything in arrears.

Till ten, things went comparatively easily, though we were working 急速な／放蕩な, and no one lost his temper. The cook would find time to talk about her artistic nature, and say did I not think Tolstoy was épatant, and sing in a 罰金 soprano 発言する／表明する as she minced beef on the board. But at ten the waiters began clamouring for their lunch, which they had 早期に, and at eleven the first 顧客s would be arriving. Suddenly everything became hurry and bad temper. There was not the same furious 急ぐing and yelling as at the Hôtel X, but an atmosphere of muddle, petty spite and exasperation. 不快 was at the 底（に届く） of it. It was unbearably cramped in the kitchen, and dishes had to be put on the 床に打ち倒す, and one had to be thinking 絶えず about not stepping on them. The cook's 広大な buttocks banged against me as she moved to and fro. A ceaseless, nagging chorus of orders streamed from her:

'Unspeakable idiot! How many times have I told you not to bleed the beetroots? Quick, let me get to the 沈む! Put those knives away; get on with the potatoes. What have you done with my strainer? Oh, leave those potatoes alone. Didn't I tell you to skim the bouillon? Take that can of water off the stove. Never mind the washing up, chop this celery. No, not like that, you fool, like this. There! Look at you letting those peas boil over! Now get to work and 規模 these herrings. Look, do you call this plate clean? Wipe it on your apron. Put that salad on the 床に打ち倒す. That's 権利, put it where I'm bound to step in it! Look out, that マリファナ's boiling over! Get me 負かす／撃墜する that saucepan. No, the other one. Put this on the 取調べ／厳しく尋問する. Throw those potatoes away. Don't waste time, throw them on the 床に打ち倒す. Tread them in. Now throw 負かす／撃墜する some sawdust; this 床に打ち倒す's like a skating-rink. Look, you fool, that steak's 燃やすing! Mon Dieu, why did they send me an idiot for a plongeur? Who are you talking to? Do you realize that my aunt was a ロシアの countess?' etc. etc. etc.

This went on till three o'clock without much variation, except that about eleven the cook usually had a crise de nerfs and a flood of 涙／ほころびs. From three to five was a 公正に／かなり slack time for the waiters, but the cook was still busy, and I was working my fastest, for there was a pile of dirty plates waiting, and it was a race to get them done, or partly done, before dinner began. The washing up was 二塁打d by the 原始の 条件s—a cramped draining-board, tepid water, sodden cloths, and a 沈む that got 封鎖するd once in an hour. By five the cook and I were feeling unsteady on our feet, not having eaten or sat 負かす／撃墜する since seven. We used to 崩壊（する）, she on the dustbin and I on the 床に打ち倒す, drink a 瓶／封じ込める of beer, and わびる for some of the things we had said in the morning. Tea was what kept us going. We took care to have a マリファナ always stewing, and drank pints during the day.

At half-past five the hurry and quarrelling began again, and now worse than before, because everyone was tired out. The cook had a crise de nerfs at six and another at nine; they （機の）カム on so 定期的に that one could have told the time by them. She would flop 負かす／撃墜する on the dustbin, begin weeping hysterically, and cry out that never, no, never had she thought to come to such a life as this; her 神経s would not stand it; she had 熟考する／考慮するd music at Vienna; she had a bedridden husband to support, etc. etc. At another time one would have been sorry for her, but, tired as we all were, her whimpering 発言する／表明する 単に infuriated us. Jules used to stand in the doorway and mimic her weeping. The patron's wife nagged, and Boris and Jules quarrelled all day, because Jules shirked his work, and Boris, as 長，率いる waiter, （人命などを）奪う，主張するd the larger 株 of the tips. Only the second day after the restaurant opened, they （機の）カム to blows in the kitchen over a two-フラン tip, and the cook and I had to separate them. The only person who never forgot his manners was the patron. He kept the same hours as the 残り／休憩（する） of us, but he had no work to do, for it was his wife who really managed things. His 単独の 職業, besides ordering the 供給（する）s, was to stand in the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 smoking cigarettes and looking gentlemanly, and he did that to perfection.

The cook and I 一般に 設立する time to eat our dinner between ten and eleven o'clock. At midnight the cook would steal a packet of food for her husband, stow it under her 着せる／賦与するs, and make off, whimpering that these hours would kill her and she would give notice in the morning. Jules also left at midnight, usually after a 論争 with Boris, who had to look after the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 till two. Between twelve and half past I did what I could to finish the washing up. There was no time to 試みる／企てる doing the work 適切に, and I used 簡単に to rub the grease off the plates with （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する-napkins. As for the dirt on the 床に打ち倒す, I let it 嘘（をつく）, or swept the worst of it out of sight under the stoves.

At half past twelve I would put on my coat and hurry out. The patron, bland as ever, would stop me as I went 負かす／撃墜する the alley-way past the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業. 'Mais, mon cher monsieur, how tired you look! Please do me the favour of 受託するing this glass of brandy.'

He would 手渡す me the glass of brandy as courteously as though I had been a ロシアの duke instead of a plongeur. He 扱う／治療するd all of us like this. It was our 補償（金） for working seventeen hours a day.

As a 支配する the last Métro was almost empty—a 広大な／多数の／重要な advantage, for one could sit 負かす／撃墜する and sleep for a ４半期/4分の1 of an hour. 一般に I was in bed by half past one. いつかs I 行方不明になるd the train and had to sleep on the 床に打ち倒す of the restaurant, but it hardly 事柄d, for I could have slept on cobblestones at that time.

XXI

THIS life went on for about a fortnight, with a slight 増加する of work as more 顧客s （機の）カム to the restaurant. I could have saved an hour a day by taking a room 近づく the restaurant, but it seemed impossible to find time to change lodgings—or, for that 事柄, to get my hair 削減（する）, look at a newspaper, or even undress 完全に. After ten days I managed to find a 解放する／自由な ４半期/4分の1 of an hour, and wrote to my friend B. in London asking him if he could get me a 職業 of some sort—anything, so long as it 許すd more than five hours sleep. I was 簡単に not equal to going on with a seventeen-hour day, though there are plenty of people who think nothing of it. When one is overworked, it is a good cure for self-pity to think of the thousands of people in Paris restaurants who work such hours, and will go on doing it, not for a few weeks, but for years. There was a girl in a bistro 近づく my hotel who worked from seven in the morning till midnight for a whole year, only sitting 負かす／撃墜する to her meals. I remember once asking her to come to a dance, and she laughed and said that she had not been さらに先に than the street corner for several months. She was consumptive, and died about the time I left Paris.

After only a week we were all neurasthenic with 疲労，（軍の）雑役, except Jules, who skulked 断固としてやる. The quarrels, intermittent at first, had now become continuous. For hours' one would keep up a 霧雨 of useless nagging, rising into 嵐／襲撃するs of 乱用 every few minutes. 'Get me 負かす／撃墜する that saucepan, idiot!' the cook would cry (she was not tall enough to reach the 棚上げにするs where the saucepans were kept). 'Get it 負かす／撃墜する yourself, you old whore,' I would answer. Such 発言／述べるs seemed to be 生成するd spontaneously from the 空気／公表する of the kitchen.

We quarrelled over things of 信じられない pettiness. The dustbin, for instance, was an unending source of quarrels—whether it should be put where I 手配中の，お尋ね者 it, which was in the cook's way, or where she 手配中の，お尋ね者 it, which was between me and the 沈む. Once she nagged and nagged until at last, in pure spite, I 解除するd the dustbin up and put it out in the middle of the 床に打ち倒す, where she was bound to trip over it.

'Now, you cow,' I said, 'move it yourself.'

Poor old woman, it was too 激しい for her to 解除する, and she sat 負かす／撃墜する, put her 長，率いる on the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する and burst out crying. And I jeered at her. This is the 肉親，親類d of 影響 that 疲労，（軍の）雑役 has upon one's manners.

After a few days the cook had 中止するd talking about Tolstoy and her artistic nature, and she and I were not on speaking 条件, except for the 目的s of work, and Boris and Jules were not on speaking 条件, and neither of them was on speaking 条件 with the cook. Even Boris and I were barely on speaking 条件. We had agreed beforehand that the engueulades of working hours did not count between times; but we had called each other things too bad to be forgotten—and besides, there were no between times. Jules grew lazier and lazier, and he stole food 絶えず—from a sense of 義務, he said. He called the 残り／休憩（する） of us jaune—blackleg—when we would not join with him in stealing. He had a curious, malignant spirit. He told me, as a 事柄 of pride, that he had いつかs wrung a dirty dishcloth into a 顧客's soup before taking it in, just to be 復讐d upon a member of the bourgeoisie.

The kitchen grew dirtier and the ネズミs bolder, though we 罠にかける a few of them. Looking 一連の会議、交渉／完成する that filthy room, with raw meat lying の中で 辞退する on the 床に打ち倒す, and 冷淡な, clotted saucepans sprawling everywhere, and the 沈む 封鎖するd and coated with grease, I used to wonder whether there could be a restaurant in the world as bad as ours. But the other three all said that they had been in dirtier places. Jules took a 肯定的な 楽しみ in seeing things dirty. In the afternoon, when he had not much to do, he used to stand in the kitchen doorway jeering at us for working too hard:

'Fool! Why do you wash that plate? Wipe it on your trousers. Who cares about the 顧客s? They don't know what's going on. What is restaurant work? You are carving a chicken and it 落ちるs on the 床に打ち倒す. You わびる, you 屈服する, you go out; and in five minutes you come 支援する by another door—with the same chicken. That is restaurant work,' etc.

And, strange to say, in spite of all this filth and 無資格／無能力, the Auberge de Jehan Cottard was 現実に a success. For the first few days all our 顧客s were ロシアのs, friends of the patron, and these were followed by Americans and other foreigners—no Frenchmen. Then one night there was tremendous excitement, because our first Frenchman had arrived. For a moment our quarrels were forgotten and we all 部隊d in the 成果／努力 to serve a good dinner. Boris tiptoed into the kitchen, jerked his thumb over his shoulder and whispered conspiratorially:

'Sh! Attention, un Français!'

A moment later the patron's wife （機の）カム and whispered:

'Attention, un Français! See that he gets a 二塁打 部分 of all vegetables.'

While the Frenchman ate, the patron's wife stood behind the 取調べ／厳しく尋問する of the kitchen door and watched the 表現 of his 直面する. Next night the Frenchman （機の）カム 支援する with two other Frenchmen. This meant that we were 収入 a good 指名する; the surest 調印する of a bad restaurant is to be たびたび（訪れる）d only by foreigners. Probably part of the 推論する／理由 for our success was that the patron, with the 単独の gleam of sense he had shown in fitting out the restaurant, had bought very sharp （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する-knives. Sharp knives, of course, are the secret of a successful restaurant. I am glad that this happened, for it destroyed one of my illusions, すなわち, the idea that Frenchmen know good food when they see it. Or perhaps we were a 公正に／かなり good restaurant by Paris 基準s; in which 事例／患者 the bad ones must be past imagining.

In a very few days after I had written to B he replied to say that there was a 職業 he could get for me. It was to look after a congenital imbecile, which sounded a splendid 残り／休憩（する） cure after the Auberge de Jehan Cottard. I pictured myself loafing in the country 小道／航路s, knocking thistle-長，率いるs off with my stick, feeding on roast lamb and treacle tart, and sleeping ten hours a night in sheets smelling of lavender. B sent me a fiver to 支払う／賃金 my passage and get my 着せる／賦与するs out of the pawn, and as soon as the money arrived I gave one day's notice and left the restaurant. My leaving so suddenly embarrassed the patron, for as usual he was penniless, and he had to 支払う／賃金 my 給料 thirty フランs short. However he stood me a glass of Courvoisier '48 brandy, and I think he felt that this made up the difference. They engaged a Czech, a 完全に competent plongeur, in my place, and the poor old cook was 解雇（する）d a few weeks later. Afterwards I heard that, with two first-率 people in the kitchen, the plongeur's work had been 削減（する） 負かす／撃墜する to fifteen hours a day. Below that no one could have 削減（する） it, short of modernizing the kitchen.

XXII

FOR what they are 価値（がある） I want to give my opinions about the life of a Paris plongeur. When one comes to think of it, it is strange that thousands of people in a 広大な／多数の／重要な modern city should spend their waking hours swabbing dishes in hot dens 地下組織の. The question I am raising is why this life goes on—what 目的 it serves, and who wants it to continue, and why I am not taking the 単に 反抗的な, fainéant 態度. I am trying to consider the social significance of a plongeur's life.

I think one should start by 説 that a plongeur is one of the slaves of the modern world. Not that there is any need to whine over him, for he is better off than many 手動式の 労働者s, but still, he is no freer than if he were bought and sold. His work is servile and without art; he is paid just enough to keep him alive; his only holiday is the 解雇（する）. He is 削減（する） off from marriage, or, if he marries, his wife must work too. Except by a lucky chance, he has no escape from this life, save into 刑務所，拘置所. At this moment there are men with university degrees scrubbing dishes in Paris for ten or fifteen hours a day. One cannot say that it is mere idleness on their part, for an idle man cannot be a plongeur; they have 簡単に been 罠にかける by a 決まりきった仕事 which makes thought impossible. If plongeurs thought at all, they would long ago have formed a union and gone on strike for better 治療. But they do not think, because they have no leisure for it; their life has made slaves of them.

The question is, why does this slavery continue? People have a way of taking it for 認めるd that all work is done for a sound 目的. They see somebody else doing a disagreeable 職業, and think that they have solved things by 説 that the 職業 is necessary. Coal-採掘, for example, is hard work, but it is necessary—we must have coal. Working in the 下水管s is unpleasant, but somebody must work in the 下水管s. And 類似して with a plongeur's work. Some people must 料金d in restaurants, and so other people must swab dishes for eighty hours a week. It is the work of civilization, therefore unquestionable. This point is 価値（がある） considering.

Is a plongeur's work really necessary to civilization? We have a feeling that it must be 'honest' work, because it is hard and disagreeable, and we have made a sort of fetish of 手動式の work. We see a man cutting 負かす／撃墜する a tree, and we make sure that he is filling a social need, just because he uses his muscles; it does not occur to us that he may only be cutting 負かす／撃墜する a beautiful tree to make room for a hideous statue. I believe it is the same with a plongeur. He earns his bread in the sweat of his brow, but it does not follow that he is doing anything useful; he may be only 供給（する）ing a 高級な which, very often, is not a 高級な.

As an example of what I mean by 高級なs which are not 高級なs, take an extreme 事例／患者, such as one hardly sees in Europe. Take an Indian rickshaw puller, or a gharry pony. In any Far Eastern town there are rickshaw pullers by the hundred, 黒人／ボイコット wretches 重さを計るing eight 石／投石する, 覆う？ in loin-cloths. Some of them are 病気d; some of them are fifty years old. For miles on end they trot in the sun or rain, 長，率いる 負かす／撃墜する, dragging at the 軸s, with the sweat dripping from their grey moustaches. When they go too slowly the 乗客 calls them bahinchut. They earn thirty or forty rupees a month, and cough their 肺s out after a few years. The gharry ponies are gaunt, vicious things that have been sold cheap as having a few years' work left in them. Their master looks on the whip as a 代用品，人 for food. Their work 表明するs itself in a sort of equation—whip 加える food equals energy; 一般に it is about sixty per cent whip and forty per cent food. いつかs their necks are encircled by one 広大な sore, so that they drag all day on raw flesh. It is still possible to make them work, however; it is just a question of thrashing them so hard that the 苦痛 behind outweighs the 苦痛 in 前線. After a few years even the whip loses its virtue, and the pony goes to the knacker. These are instances of unnecessary work, for there is no real need for gharries and rickshaws; they only 存在する because Orientals consider it vulgar to walk. They are 高級なs, and, as anyone who has ridden in them knows, very poor 高級なs. They afford a small 量 of convenience, which cannot かもしれない balance the 苦しむing of the men and animals.

類似して with the plongeur. He is a king compared with a rickshaw puller or a gharry pony, but his 事例／患者 is analogous. He is the slave of a hotel or a restaurant, and his slavery is more or いっそう少なく useless. For, after all, where is the real need of big hotels and smart restaurants? They are supposed to 供給する 高級な, but in reality they 供給する only a cheap, shoddy imitation of it. Nearly everyone hates hotels. Some restaurants are better than others, but it is impossible to get as good a meal in a restaurant as one can get, for the same expense, in a 私的な house. No 疑問 hotels and restaurants must 存在する, but there is no need that they should enslave hundreds of people. What makes the work in them is not the 必須のs; it is the shams that are supposed to 代表する 高級な. Smartness, as it is called, means, in 影響, 単に that the staff work more and the 顧客s 支払う／賃金 more; no one 利益s except the proprietor, who will presently buy himself a （土地などの）細長い一片d 郊外住宅 at Deauville. Essentially, a 'smart' hotel is a place where a hundred people toil like devils in order that two hundred may 支払う／賃金 through the nose for things they do not really want. If the nonsense were 削減（する） out of hotels and restaurants, and the work done with simple efficiency, plongeurs might work six or eight hours a day instead often or fifteen.

Suppose it is 認めるd that a plongeur's work is more or いっそう少なく useless. Then the question follows, Why does anyone want him to go on working? I am trying to go beyond the 即座の 経済的な 原因（となる）, and to consider what 楽しみ it can give anyone to think of men swabbing dishes for life. For there is no 疑問 that people—comfortably 据えるd people—do find a 楽しみ in such thoughts. A slave, Marcus Cato said, should be working when he is not sleeping. It does not 事柄 whether his work is needed or not, he must work, because work in itself is good—for slaves, at least. This 感情 still 生き残るs, and it has piled up mountains of useless drudgery.

I believe that this instinct to perpetuate useless work is, at 底（に届く）, 簡単に 恐れる of the 暴徒. The 暴徒 (the thought runs) are such low animals that they would be dangerous if they had leisure; it is safer to keep them too busy to think. A rich man who happens to be intellectually honest, if he is questioned about the 改良 of working 条件s, usually says something like this:

'We know that poverty is unpleasant; in fact, since it is so remote, we rather enjoy harrowing ourselves with the thought of its unpleasantness. But don't 推定する／予想する us to do anything about it. We are sorry for you lower classes, just as we are sorry for a, cat with the mange, but we will fight like devils against any 改良 of your 条件. We feel that you are much safer as you are. The 現在の 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s 控訴s us, and we are not going to take the 危険 of setting you 解放する／自由な, even by an extra hour a day. So, dear brothers, since evidently you must sweat to 支払う／賃金 for our trips to Italy, sweat and be damned to you.'

This is 特に the 態度 of intelligent, cultivated people; one can read the 実体 of it in a hundred essays. Very few cultivated people have いっそう少なく than (say) four hundred 続けざまに猛撃するs a year, and 自然に they 味方する with the rich, because they imagine that any liberty 譲歩するd to the poor is a 脅し to their own liberty. 予知するing some dismal Marxian Utopia as the 代案／選択肢, the educated man prefers to keep things as they are. かもしれない he does not like his fellow-rich very much, but he supposes that even the vulgarest of them are いっそう少なく inimical to his 楽しみs, more his 肉親，親類d of people, than the poor, and that he had better stand by them. It is this 恐れる of a 恐らく dangerous 暴徒 that makes nearly all intelligent people 保守的な in their opinions.

恐れる of the 暴徒 is a superstitious 恐れる. It is based on the idea that there is some mysterious, 根底となる difference between rich and poor, as though they were two different races, like Negroes and white men. But in reality there is no such difference. The 集まり of the rich and the poor are differentiated by their incomes and nothing else, and the 普通の／平均（する） millionaire is only the 普通の／平均（する） dishwasher dressed in a new 控訴. Change places, and handy dandy, which is the 司法（官）, which is the どろぼう? Everyone who has mixed on equal 条件 with the poor knows this やめる 井戸／弁護士席. But the trouble is that intelligent, cultivated people, the very people who might be 推定する／予想するd to have 自由主義の opinions, never do mix with the poor. For what do the 大多数 of educated people know about poverty? In my copy of Villon's poems the editor has 現実に thought it necessary to explain the line 'Ne 苦痛 ne voyent qu'aux fenestres' by a footnote; so remote is even hunger from the educated man's experience.

From this ignorance a superstitious 恐れる of the 暴徒 results やめる 自然に. The educated man pictures a horde of submen, wanting only a day's liberty to 略奪する his house, 燃やす his 調書をとる／予約するs, and 始める，決める him to work minding a machine or 広範囲にわたる out a lavatory. 'Anything,' he thinks, 'any 不正, sooner than let that 暴徒 loose.' He does not see that since there is no difference between the 集まり of rich and poor, there is no question of setting the 暴徒 loose. The 暴徒 is in fact loose now, and—in the 形態／調整 of rich men—is using its 力／強力にする to 始める，決める up enormous treadmills of 退屈, such as 'smart' hotels.

To sum up. A plongeur is a slave, and a wasted slave, doing stupid and 大部分は unnecessary work. He is kept at work, 最終的に, because of a vague feeling that he would be dangerous if he had leisure. And educated people, who should be on his 味方する, acquiesce in the 過程, because they know nothing about him and その結果 are afraid of him. I say this of the plongeur because it is his 事例／患者 I have been considering; it would 適用する 平等に to numberless other types of 労働者. These are only my own ideas about the basic facts of a plongeur's life, made without 言及／関連 to 即座の 経済的な questions, and no 疑問 大部分は platitudes. I 現在の them as a 見本 of the thoughts that are put into one's 長，率いる by working in an hotel.

XXIII

AS soon as I left the Auberge de Jehan Cottard I went to bed and slept the clock 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, all but one hour. Then I washed my teeth for the first time in a fortnight, bathed and had my hair 削減（する）, and got my 着せる／賦与するs out of pawn. I had two glorious days of loafing. I even went in my best 控訴 to the Auberge, leant against the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 and spent five フランs on a 瓶／封じ込める of English beer. It is a curious sensation, 存在 a 顧客 where you have been a slave's slave. Boris was sorry that I had left the restaurant just at the moment when we were lancés and there was a chance of making money. I have heard from him since, and he tells me that he is making a hundred フランs a day and has 始める，決める up a girl who is très serieuse and never smells of garlic.

I spent a day wandering about our ４半期/4分の1, 説 good-bye to everyone. It was on this day that Charlie told me about the death of old Roucolle the miser, who had once lived in the ４半期/4分の1. Very likely Charlie was lying as usual, but it was a good story.

Roucolle died, 老年の seventy-four, a year or two before I went to Paris, but the people in the ４半期/4分の1 still talked of him while I was there. He never equalled Daniel ダンサー or anyone of that 肉親，親類d, but he was an 利益／興味ing character. He went to Les Halles every morning to 選ぶ up 損失d vegetables, and ate cat's meat, and wore newspaper instead of underclothes, and used the wainscoting of his room for firewood, and made himself a pair of trousers out of a 解雇（する）—all this with half a million フランs 投資するd. I should like very much to have known him.

Like many misers, Roucolle （機の）カム to a bad end through putting his money into a wildcat 計画／陰謀. One day a Jew appeared in the ４半期/4分の1, an 警報, 商売／仕事-like young chap who had a first-率 計画（する） for 密輸するing コカイン into England. It is 平易な enough, of course, to buy コカイン in Paris, and the 密輸するing would be やめる simple in itself, only there is always some 秘かに調査する who betrays the 計画（する） to the customs or the police. It is said that this is often done by the very people who sell the コカイン, because the 密輸するing 貿易（する） is in the 手渡すs of a large 連合させる, who do not want 競争. The Jew, however, swore that there was no danger. He knew a way of getting コカイン direct from Vienna, not through the usual channels, and there would be no ゆすり，恐喝 to 支払う／賃金. He had got into touch with Roucolle through a young 政治家, a student at the Sorbonne, who was going to put four thousand フランs into the 計画／陰謀 if Roucolle would put six thousand. For this they could buy ten 続けざまに猛撃するs of コカイン, which would be 価値（がある） a small fortune in England.

The 政治家 and the Jew had a tremendous struggle to get the money from between old Roucolle's claws. Six thousand フランs was not much—he had more than that sewn into the mattress in his room—but it was agony for him to part with a sou. The 政治家 and the Jew were at him for weeks on end, explaining, いじめ（る）ing, 説得するing, arguing, going 負かす／撃墜する on their 膝s and imploring him to produce the money. The old man was half frantic between greed and 恐れる. His bowels yearned at the thought of getting, perhaps, fifty thousand フランs' 利益（をあげる）, and yet he could not bring himself to 危険 the money. He used to sit in a corner with his 長，率いる in his 手渡すs, groaning and いつかs yelling out in agony, and often he would ひさまづく 負かす／撃墜する (he was very pious) and pray for strength, but still he couldn't do it. But at last, more from exhaustion than anything else, he gave in やめる suddenly; he slit open the mattress where his money was 隠すd and 手渡すd over six thousand フランs to the Jew.

The Jew 配達するd the コカイン the same day, and 敏速に 消えるd. And 一方／合間, as was not surprising after the fuss Roucolle had made, the 事件／事情／状勢 had been noised all over the ４半期/4分の1. The very next morning the hotel was （警察の）手入れ，急襲d and searched by the police.

Roucolle and the 政治家 were in agonies. The police were downstairs, working their way up and searching every room in turn, and there was the 広大な／多数の／重要な packet of コカイン on the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, with no place to hide it and no chance of escaping 負かす／撃墜する the stairs. The 政治家 was for throwing the stuff out of the window, but Roucolle would not hear of it. Charlie told me that he had been 現在の at the scene. He said that when they tried to take the packet from Roucolle he clasped it to his breast and struggled like a madman, although he was seventy-four years old. He was wild with fright, but he would go to 刑務所，拘置所 rather than throw his money away.

At last, when the police were searching only one 床に打ち倒す below, somebody had an idea. A man on Roucolle's 床に打ち倒す had a dozen tins of 直面する-砕く which he was selling on （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限; it was 示唆するd that the コカイン could be put into the tins and passed off as 直面する-砕く. The 砕く was あわてて thrown out of the window and the コカイン 代用品，人d, and the tins were put 率直に on Roucolle's （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, as though there there were nothing to 隠す. A few minutes later the police （機の）カム to search Roucolle's room. They tapped the 塀で囲むs and looked up the chimney and turned out the drawers and 診察するd the floorboards, and then, just as they were about to give it up, having 設立する nothing, the 視察官 noticed the tins on the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する.

'Tiens,' he said, 'have a look at those tins. I hadn't noticed them. What's in them, eh?'

'直面する-砕く,' said the 政治家 as calmly as he could manage. But at the same instant Roucolle let out a loud groaning noise, from alarm, and the police became 怪しげな すぐに. They opened one of the tins and tipped out the contents, and after smelling it, the 視察官 said that he believed it was コカイン. Roucolle and the 政治家 began 断言するing on the 指名するs of the saints that it was only 直面する-砕く; but it was no use, the more they 抗議するd the more 怪しげな the police became. The two men were 逮捕（する）d and led off to the police 駅／配置する, followed by half the ４半期/4分の1.

At the 駅／配置する, Roucolle and the 政治家 were interrogated by the Commissaire while a tin of the コカイン was sent away to be analysed. Charlie said that the scene Roucolle made was beyond description. He wept, prayed, made contradictory 声明s and 公然と非難するd the 政治家 all at once, so loud that he could be heard half a street away. The policemen almost burst with laughing at him.

After an hour a policeman （機の）カム 支援する with the tin of コカイン and a 公式文書，認める from the 分析家. He was laughing.

'This is not コカイン, monsieur,' he said.

'What, not コカイン?' said the Commissaire. 'Mais, alors—what is it, then?'

'It is 直面する-砕く.'

Roucolle and the 政治家 were 解放（する）d at once, 完全に exonerated but very angry. The Jew had 二塁打-crossed them. Afterwards, when the excitement was over, it turned out that he had played the same trick on two other people in the ４半期/4分の1.

The 政治家 was glad enough to escape, even though he had lost his four thousand フランs, but poor old Roucolle was utterly broken 負かす／撃墜する. He took to his bed at once, and all that day and half the night they could hear him thrashing about, mumbling, and いつかs yelling out at the 最高の，を越す of his 発言する／表明する:

'Six thousand フランs! Nom de Jésus-Christ! Six thousand フランs!'

Three days later he had some 肉親，親類d of 一打／打撃, and in a fortnight he was dead—of a broken heart, Charlie said.

XXIV

I TRAVELLED to England third class 経由で Dunkirk and Tilbury, which is the cheapest and not the worst way of crossing the Channel. You had to 支払う／賃金 extra for a cabin, so I slept in the saloon, together with most of the third-class 乗客s. I find this 入ること／参加（者） in my diary for that day:

'Sleeping in the saloon, twenty-seven men, sixteen women. Of the women, not a 選び出す／独身 one has washed her 直面する this morning. The men mostly went to the bathroom; the women 単に produced vanity 事例／患者s and covered the dirt with 砕く. Q. A 第２位 性の difference?'

On the 旅行 I fell in with a couple of Roumanians, mere children, who were going to England on their honeymoon trip. They asked innumerable questions about England, and I told them some startling lies. I was so pleased to be getting home, after 存在 hard up for months in a foreign city, that England seemed to me a sort of 楽園. There are, indeed, many things in England that make you glad to get home; bathrooms, armchairs, 造幣局 sauce, new potatoes 適切に cooked, brown bread, marmalade, beer made with veritable hops—they are all splendid, if you can 支払う／賃金 for them. England is a very good country when you are not poor; and, of course, with a tame imbecile to look after, I was not going to be poor. The thought of not 存在 poor made me very 愛国的な. The more questions the Roumanians asked, the more I 賞賛するd England; the 気候, the scenery, the art, the literature, the 法律s—everything in England was perfect.

Was the architecture in England good? the Roumanians asked. 'Splendid!' I said. 'And you should just see the London statues! Paris is vulgar—half grandiosity and half slums. But London—'

Then the boat drew と一緒に Tilbury pier. The first building we saw on the waterside was one of those 抱擁する hotels, all stucco and pinnacles, which 星／主役にする from the English coast like idiots 星／主役にするing over an 亡命 塀で囲む. I saw the Roumanians, too polite to say anything, cocking their 注目する，もくろむs at the hotel. 'Built by French architects,' I 保証するd them; and even later, when the train was はうing into London through the eastern slums, I still kept it up about the beauties of English architecture. Nothing seemed too good to say about England, now that I was coming home and was not hard up any more.

I went to B.'s office, and his first words knocked everything to 廃虚s. 'I'm sorry,' he said; 'your 雇用者s have gone abroad, 患者 and all. However, they'll be 支援する in a month. I suppose you can hang on till then?'

I was outside in the street before it even occurred to me to borrow some more money. There was a month to wait, and I had 正確に／まさに nineteen and sixpence in 手渡す. The news had taken my breath away. For a long time I could not （不足などを）補う my mind what to do. I loafed the day in the streets, and at night, not having the slightest notion of how to get a cheap bed in London, I went to a 'family' hotel, where the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 was seven and sixpence. After 支払う／賃金ing the 法案 I had ten and twopence in 手渡す.

By the morning I had made my 計画（する）s. Sooner or later I should have to go to B. for more money, but it seemed hardly decent to do so yet, and in the 合間 I must 存在する in some 穴を開ける-and-corner way. Past experience 始める，決める me against pawning my best 控訴. I would leave all my things at the 駅／配置する cloakroom, except my second-best 控訴, which I could 交流 for some cheap 着せる／賦与するs and perhaps a 続けざまに猛撃する. If I was going to live a month on thirty shillings I must have bad 着せる／賦与するs—indeed, the worse the better. Whether thirty shillings could be made to last a month I had no idea, not knowing London as I knew Paris. Perhaps I could beg, or sell bootlaces, and I remembered articles I had read in the Sunday papers about beggars who have two thousand 続けざまに猛撃するs sewn into their trousers. It was, at any 率, 悪名高くも impossible to 餓死する in London, so there was nothing to be anxious about.

To sell my 着せる／賦与するs I went 負かす／撃墜する into Lambeth, where the people are poor and there are a lot of rag shops. At the first shop I tried the proprietor was polite but unhelpful; at the second he was rude; at the third he was 石／投石する deaf, or pretended to be so. The fourth shopman was a large blond young man, very pink all over, like a slice of ham. He looked at the 着せる／賦与するs I was wearing and felt them disparagingly between thumb and finger.

'Poor stuff,' he said, 'very poor stuff, that is.' (It was やめる a good 控訴.) 'What yer want for 'em?'

I explained that I 手配中の，お尋ね者 some older 着せる／賦与するs and as much money as he could spare. He thought for a moment, then collected some dirty-looking rags and threw them on to the 反対する. 'What about the money?' I said, hoping for a 続けざまに猛撃する. He pursed his lips, then produced a shilling and laid it beside the 着せる／賦与するs. I did not argue—I was going to argue, but as I opened my mouth he reached out as though to （問題を）取り上げる the shilling again; I saw that I was helpless. He let me change in a small room behind the shop.

The 着せる／賦与するs were a coat, once dark brown, a pair of 黒人／ボイコット dungaree trousers, a scarf and a cloth cap; I had kept my own shirt, socks and boots, and I had a 徹底的に捜す and かみそり in my pocket. It gives one a very strange feeling to be wearing such 着せる／賦与するs. I had worn bad enough things before, but nothing at all like these; they were not 単に dirty and shapeless, they had—how is one to 表明する it?—a gracelessness, a patina of antique filth, やめる different from mere shabbiness. They were the sort of 着せる／賦与するs you see on a bootlace 販売人, or a tramp. An hour later, in Lambeth, I saw a hang-dog man, 明白に a tramp, coming に向かって me, and when I looked again it was myself, 反映するd in a shop window. The dirt was plastering my 直面する already. Dirt is a 広大な／多数の／重要な respecter of persons; it lets you alone when you are 井戸／弁護士席 dressed, but as soon as your collar is gone it 飛行機で行くs に向かって you from all directions.

I stayed in the streets till late at night, keeping on the move all the time. Dressed as I was, I was half afraid that the police might 逮捕（する） me as a vagabond, and I dared not speak to anyone, imagining that they must notice a 不平等 between my accent and my 着せる／賦与するs. (Later I discovered that this never happened.) My new 着せる／賦与するs had put me 即時に into a new world. Everyone's demeanour seemed to have changed 突然の. I helped a hawker 選ぶ up a barrow that he had upset. 'Thanks, mate,' he said with a grin. No one had called me mate before in my life—it was the 着せる／賦与するs that had done it. For the first time I noticed, too, how the 態度 of women 変化させるs with a man's 着せる／賦与するs. When a 不正に dressed man passes them they shudder away from him with a やめる frank movement of disgust, as though he were a dead cat. 着せる／賦与するs are powerful things. Dressed in a tramp's 着せる／賦与するs it is very difficult, at any 率 for the first day, not to feel that you are genuinely degraded. You might feel the same shame, irrational but very real, your first night in 刑務所，拘置所.

At about eleven I began looking for a bed. I had read about doss-houses (they are never called doss-houses, by the way), and I supposed that one could get a bed for fourpence or thereabouts. Seeing a man, a navvy or something of the 肉親，親類d, standing on the kerb in the Waterloo Road, I stopped and questioned him. I said that I was stony broke and 手配中の，お尋ね者 the cheapest bed I could get.

'Oh,' said he, 'you go to that 'ouse across the street there, with the 調印する "Good Beds for 選び出す／独身 Men". That's a good kip [sleeping place], that is. I 貯蔵所 there myself on and off. You'll find it cheap and clean.'

It was a tall, 乱打するd-looking house, with 薄暗い lights in all the windows, some of which were patched with brown paper. I entered a 石／投石する passage-way, and a little etiolated boy with sleepy 注目する，もくろむs appeared from a door 主要な to a cellar. Murmurous sounds （機の）カム from the cellar, and a wave of hot 空気／公表する and cheese. The boy yawned and held out his 手渡す.

'Want a kip? That'll be a 'og, guv'nor.'

I paid the shilling, and the boy led me up a rickety unlighted staircase to a bedroom. It had a sweetish reek of paregoric and foul linen; the windows seemed to be tight shut, and the 空気／公表する was almost 窒息させるing at first. There was a candle 燃やすing, and I saw that the room 手段d fifteen feet square by eight high, and had eight beds in it. Already six lodgers were in bed, queer lumpy 形態／調整s with all their own 着せる／賦与するs, even their boots, piled on 最高の，を越す of them. Someone was coughing in a loathsome manner in one corner.

When I got into the bed I 設立する that it was as hard as a board, and as for the pillow, it was a mere hard cylinder like a 封鎖する of 支持を得ようと努めるd. It was rather worse than sleeping on a （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, because the bed was not six feet long, and very 狭くする, and the mattress was convex, so that one had to 持つ／拘留する on to 避ける 落ちるing out. The sheets stank so horribly of sweat that I could not 耐える them 近づく my nose. Also, the bedclothes only consisted of the sheets and a cotton counterpane, so that though stuffy it was 非，不，無 too warm. Several noises recurred throughout the night. About once in an hour the man on my left—a sailor, I think—woke up, swore vilely, and lighted a cigarette. Another man, 犠牲者 of a bladder 病気, got up and noisily used his 議会-マリファナ half a dozen times during the night. The man in the corner had a coughing fit once in every twenty minutes, so 定期的に that one （機の）カム to listen for it as one listens for the next yap when a dog is baying the moon. It was an unspeakably repellent sound; a foul 泡ing and retching, as though the man's bowels were 存在 churned up within him. Once when he struck a match I saw that he was a very old man, with a grey, sunken 直面する like that of a 死体, and he was wearing his trousers wrapped 一連の会議、交渉／完成する his 長，率いる as a nightcap, a thing which for some 推論する／理由 disgusted me very much. Every time he coughed or the other man swore, a sleepy 発言する／表明する from one of the other beds cried out:

'Shut up! Oh, for Christ's—sake shut up!'

I had about an hour's sleep in all. In the morning I was woken by a 薄暗い impression of some large brown thing coming に向かって me. I opened my 注目する，もくろむs and saw that it was one of the sailor's feet, sticking out of bed の近くに to my 直面する. It was dark brown, やめる dark brown like an Indian's, with dirt. The 塀で囲むs were leprous, and the sheets, three weeks from the wash, were almost raw umber colour. I got up, dressed and went downstairs. In the cellar were a 列／漕ぐ／騒動 of 水盤／入り江s and two slippery roller towels. I had a piece of soap in my pocket, and I was going to wash, when I noticed that every 水盤／入り江 was streaked with grime—solid, sticky filth as 黒人／ボイコット as boot-黒人／ボイコットing. I went out unwashed. Altogether, the 宿泊するing-house had not come up to its description as cheap and clean. It was however, as I 設立する later, a 公正に／かなり 代表者／国会議員 宿泊するing-house.

I crossed the river and walked a long way eastward, finally going into a coffee-shop on Tower Hill. An ordinary London coffee-shop, like a thousand others, it seemed queer and foreign after Paris. It was a little stuffy room with the high-支援するd pews that were 流行の／上流の in the 'forties, the day's menu written on a mirror with a piece of soap, and a girl of fourteen 扱うing the dishes. Navvies were eating out of newspaper 小包s, and drinking tea in 広大な saucerless 襲う，襲って強奪するs like 磁器 tumblers. In a corner by himself a Jew, muzzle 負かす／撃墜する in the plate, was guiltily wolfing bacon.

'Could I have some tea and bread and butter?' I said to the girl.

She 星／主役にするd. 'No butter, only marg,' she said, surprised. And she repeated the order in the phrase that is to London what the eternal クーデター de 紅 is to Paris: 'Large tea and two slices!'

On the 塀で囲む beside my pew there was a notice 説 'Pocketing the sugar not 許すd,' and beneath it some poetic 顧客 had written:

He that takes away the sugar,
Shall be called a dirty——

but someone else had been at 苦痛s to scratch out the last word. This was England. The tea-and-two-slices cost threepence halfpenny, leaving me with eight and twopence.

XXV

THE eight shillings lasted three days and four nights. After my bad experience in the Waterloo Road* I moved eastward, and spent the next night in a 宿泊するing-house in Pennyfields. This was a typical 宿泊するing-house, like 得点する／非難する／２０s of others in London. It had accommodation for between fifty and a hundred men, and was managed by a '副'—a 副 for the owner, that is, for these 宿泊するing-houses are profitable 関心s and are owned by rich men. We slept fifteen or twenty in a 寄宿舎; the beds were again 冷淡な and hard, but the sheets were not more than a week from the wash, which was an 改良. The 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 was ninepence or a shilling (in the shilling 寄宿舎 the beds were six feet apart instead of four) and the 条件 were cash 負かす／撃墜する by seven in the evening or out you went.

[*It is a curious but 井戸／弁護士席-known fact that bugs are much commoner in south than north London. For some 推論する／理由 they have not yet crossed the river in any 広大な／多数の／重要な numbers.]

Downstairs there was a kitchen ありふれた to all lodgers, with 解放する／自由な 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing and a 供給（する） of cooking-マリファナs, tea-水盤／入り江s, and toasting-forks. There were two 広大な／多数の／重要な clinker 解雇する／砲火／射撃s, which were kept 燃やすing day and night the year through. The work of tending the 解雇する／砲火／射撃s, 広範囲にわたる the kitchen and making the beds was done by the lodgers in rotation. One 上級の lodger, a 罰金 Norman-looking stevedore 指名するd Steve, was known as '長，率いる of the house', and was arbiter of 論争s and 未払いの chucker-out.

I liked the kitchen. It was a low-ceiled cellar 深い 地下組織の, very hot and drowsy with coke ガス／煙s, and lighted only by the 解雇する／砲火／射撃s, which cast 黒人／ボイコット velvet 影をつくる／尾行するs in the corners. Ragged washing hung on strings from the 天井. Red-lit men, stevedores mostly, moved about the 解雇する／砲火／射撃s with cooking-マリファナs; some of them were やめる naked, for they had been laundering and were waiting for their 着せる／賦与するs to 乾燥した，日照りの. At night there were games of nap and draughts, and songs—' I'm a chap what's done wrong by my parents,' was a favourite, and so was another popular song about a shipwreck. いつかs late at night men would come in with a pail of winkles they had bought cheap, and 株 them out. There was a general 株ing of food, and it was taken for 認めるd to 料金d men who were out of work. A little pale, wizened creature, 明白に dying, referred to as 'pore Brown, 貯蔵所 under the doctor and 削減（する） open three times,' was 定期的に fed by the others.

Two or three of the lodgers were old-age pensioners. Till 会合 them I had never realized that there are people in England who live on nothing but the old-age 年金 often shillings a week. 非，不，無 of these old men had any other 資源 whatever. One of them was talkative, and I asked him how he managed to 存在する. He said:

'井戸／弁護士席, there's ninepence a night for yer kip—that's five an' threepence a week. Then there's threepence on Saturday for a shave— that's five an' six. Then say you 'as a 'aircut once a month for sixpence —that's another three'apence a week. So you 'as about four an' four-pence for food an' bacca.'

He could imagine no other expenses. His food was bread and margarine and tea—に向かって the end of the week 乾燥した，日照りの bread and tea without milk—and perhaps he got his 着せる／賦与するs from charity. He seemed contented, valuing his bed and 解雇する／砲火／射撃 more than food. But, with an income of ten shillings a week, to spend money on a shave—it is awe-奮起させるing.

All day I loafed in the streets, east as far as Wapping, west as far as Whitechapel. It was queer after Paris; everything was so much cleaner and quieter and drearier. One 行方不明になるd the 叫び声をあげる of the trams, and the noisy, festering life of the 支援する streets, and the 武装した men clattering through the squares. The （人が）群がるs were better dressed and the 直面するs comelier and milder and more alike, without that 猛烈な／残忍な individuality and malice of the French. There was いっそう少なく drunkenness, and いっそう少なく dirt, and いっそう少なく quarrelling, and more idling. Knots of men stood at all the corners, わずかに underfed, but kept going by the tea-and-two-slices which the Londoner swallows every two hours. One seemed to breathe a いっそう少なく feverish 空気／公表する than in Paris. It was the land of the tea urn and the 労働 交流, as Paris is the land of the bistro and the sweatshop.

It was 利益／興味ing to watch the （人が）群がるs. The East London women are pretty (it is the mixture of 血, perhaps), and Limehouse was ぱらぱら雨d with Orientals—Chinamen, Chittagonian lascars, Dravidians selling silk scarves, even a few Sikhs, come goodness knows how. Here and there were street 会合s. In Whitechapel somebody called The Singing Evangel undertook to save you from hell for the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of sixpence. In the East India ドッキングする／減らす／ドックに入れる Road the 救済 Army were 持つ／拘留するing a service. They were singing 'Anybody here like こそこそ動くing Judas?' to the tune of 'What's to be done with a drunken sailor?' On Tower Hill two Mormons were trying to 演説（する）／住所 a 会合. 一連の会議、交渉／完成する their 壇・綱領・公約 struggled a 暴徒 of men, shouting and interrupting. Someone was 公然と非難するing them for polygamists. A lame, bearded man, evidently an atheist, had heard the word God and was heckling 怒って. There was a 混乱させるd uproar of 発言する／表明するs.

'My dear friends, if you would only let us finish what we were 説 —!—That's 権利, give 'em a say. Don't get on the argue!—No, no, you answer me. Can you show me God? You show 'im me, then I'll believe in 'im.—Oh, shut up, don't keep interrupting of 'em!—Interrupt yourself!—polygamists!—井戸／弁護士席, there's a lot to be said for polygamy. Take the—women out of 産業, anyway.—My dear friends, if you would just—No, no, don't you slip out of it. 'Ave you seen God? 'Ave you touched 'im? 'Ave you shook 'ands with 'im?—Oh, don't get on the argue, for Christ's sake don't get on the argue!' etc. etc. I listened for twenty minutes, anxious to learn something about Mormonism, but the 会合 never got beyond shouts. It is the general 運命／宿命 of street 会合s.

In Middlesex Street, の中で the （人が）群がるs at the market, a draggled, 負かす／撃墜する-at-heel woman was 運ぶ／漁獲高ing a brat of five by the arm. She brandished a tin trumpet in its 直面する. The brat was squalling.

'Enjoy yourself!' yelled the mother. 'What yer think I brought yer out 'ere for an' bought y' a trumpet an' all? D'ya want to go across my 膝? You little bastard, you shall enjoy yerself!'

Some 減少（する）s of spittle fell from the trumpet. The mother and the child disappeared, both bawling. It was all very queer after Paris.

The last night that I was in the Pennyfields 宿泊するing-house there was a quarrel between two of the lodgers, a vile scene. One of the old-age pensioners, a man of about seventy, naked to the waist (he had been laundering), was violently 乱用ing a short, thickset stevedore, who stood with his 支援する to the 解雇する／砲火／射撃. I could see the old man's 直面する in the light of the 解雇する／砲火／射撃, and he was almost crying with grief and 激怒（する）. Evidently something very serious had happened.

The old-age pensioner: 'You—!'

The stevedore: 'Shut yer mouth, you ole—, afore I 始める，決める about yer!'

The old-age pensioner: 'Jest you try it on, you—! I'm thirty year older'n you, but it wouldn't take much to make me give you one as'd knock you into a bucketful of piss!'

The stevedore: 'Ah, an' then p'非難するs I wouldn't 粉砕する you up after, you ole—!'

Thus for five minutes. The lodgers sat 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, unhappy, trying to 無視（する） the quarrel. The stevedore looked, sullen, but the old man was growing more and more furious. He kept making little 急ぐs at the other, sticking out his 直面する and 叫び声をあげるing from a few インチs distant like a cat on a 塀で囲む, and spitting. He was trying to 神経 himself to strike a blow, and not やめる 後継するing. Finally he burst out:

'A—, that's what you are, a——! Take that in your dirty gob and suck it, you—! By—, I'll 粉砕する you afore I've done with you. A—, that's what you are, a son of a—whore. Lick that, you—! That's what I think of you, you—, you—, you—you BLACK BASTARD!'

Whereat he suddenly 崩壊（する）d on a （法廷の）裁判, took his 直面する in his 手渡すs, and began crying. The other man seeing that public feeling was against him, went out.

Afterwards I heard Steve explaining the 原因（となる） of the quarrel. It appeared that it was all about a shilling's 価値（がある） of food. In some way the old man had lost his 蓄える／店 of bread and margarine, and so would have nothing to eat for the next three days, except what the others gave him in charity. The stevedore, who was in work and 井戸／弁護士席 fed, had taunted him; hence the quarrel.

When my money was 負かす／撃墜する to one and fourpence I went for a night to a 宿泊するing-house in 屈服する, where the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 was only eightpence. One went 負かす／撃墜する an area and through an alley-way into a 深い, stifling cellar, ten feet square. Ten men, navvies mostly, were sitting in the 猛烈な／残忍な glare of the 解雇する／砲火／射撃. It was midnight, but the 副's son, a pale, sticky child of five, was there playing on the navvies' 膝s. An old Irishman was whistling to a blind bullfinch in a tiny cage. There were other songbirds there—tiny, faded things, that had lived all their lives 地下組織の. The lodgers habitually made water in the 解雇する／砲火／射撃, to save going across a yard to the lavatory. As I sat at the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する I felt something 動かす 近づく my feet, and, looking 負かす／撃墜する, saw a wave of 黒人／ボイコット things moving slowly across the 床に打ち倒す; they were 黒人／ボイコット-beetles.

There were six beds in the 寄宿舎, and the sheets, 示すd in 抱擁する letters 'Stolen from No.—Road', smelt loathsome. In the next bed to me lay a very old man, a pavement artist, with some 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の curvature of the spine that made him stick 権利 out of bed, with his 支援する a foot or two from my 直面する. It was 明らかにする, and 示すd with curious 渦巻くs of dirt, like a marble （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する-最高の，を越す. During the night a man （機の）カム in drunk and was sick on the 床に打ち倒す, の近くに to my bed. There were bugs too—not so bad as in Paris, but enough to keep one awake. It was a filthy place. Yet the 副 and his wife were friendly people, and ready to make one a cup of tea at any hour of the day or night.

XXVI

IN the morning after 支払う／賃金ing for the usual tea-and-two-slices and buying half an ounce of タバコ, I had a halfpenny left. I did not care to ask B. for more money yet, so there was nothing for it but to go to a casual 区. I had very little idea how to 始める，決める about this, but I knew that there was a casual 区 at Romton, so I walked out there, arriving at three or four in the afternoon. Leaning against the pigpens in Romton market-place was a wizened old Irishman, 明白に a tramp. I went and leaned beside him, and presently 申し込む／申し出d him my タバコ-box. He opened the box and looked at the タバコ in astonishment:

'By God,' he said, 'dere's sixpennorth o' good baccy here! Where de hell d'you get 持つ／拘留する o' dat? You ain't been on de road long.'

'What, don't you have タバコ on the road?' I said.

'Oh, we has it. Look.'

He produced a rusty tin which had once held Oxo Cubes. In it were twenty or thirty cigarette ends, 選ぶd up from the pavement. The Irishman said that he rarely got any other タバコ; he 追加するd that, with care, one could collect two ounces of タバコ a day on the London pavements.

'D'you come out o' one o' de London spikes [casual 区s], eh?' he asked me.

I said yes, thinking this would make him 受託する me as a fellow tramp, and asked him what the spike at Romton was like. He said:

'井戸／弁護士席, 'tis a cocoa spike. Dere's tay spikes, and cocoa spikes, and skilly spikes. Dey don't give you skilly in Romton, t'ank God—leastways, dey didn't de last time I was here. I been up to York and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する むちの跡s since.'

'What is skilly?' I said.

'Skilly? A can o' hot water wid some 血まみれの oatmeal at de 底（に届く）; dat's skilly. De skilly spikes is always de worst.'

We stayed talking for an hour or two. The Irishman was a friendly old man, but he smelt very unpleasant, which was not surprising when one learned how many 病気s he 苦しむd from. It appeared (he 述べるd his symptoms fully) that taking him from 最高の，を越す to 底（に届く） he had the に引き続いて things wrong with him: on his 栄冠を与える, which was bald, he had eczema; he was shortsighted, and had no glasses; he had chronic bronchitis; he had some undiagnosed 苦痛 in the 支援する; he had dyspepsia; he had urethritis; he had varicose veins, bunions and flat feet. With this assemblage of 病気s he had tramped the roads for fifteen years.

At about five the Irishman said, 'Could you do wid a cup o' tay? De spike don't open till six.'

'I should think I could.'

'井戸／弁護士席, dere's a place here where dey gives you a 解放する／自由な cup o' tay and a bun. Good tay it is. Dey makes you say a lot o' 血まみれの 祈りs after; but hell! It all passes de time away. You come wid me.'

He led the way to a small tin-roofed shed in a 味方する-street, rather like a village cricket pavilion. About twenty-five other tramps were waiting. A few of them were dirty old habitual vagabonds, the 大多数 decent-looking lads from the north, probably 鉱夫s or cotton operatives out of work. Presently the door opened and a lady in a blue silk dress, wearing gold spectacles and a crucifix, welcomed us in. Inside were thirty or forty hard 議長，司会を務めるs, a harmonium, and a very gory lithograph of the Crucifixion.

Uncomfortably we took off our caps and sat 負かす／撃墜する. The lady 手渡すd out the tea, and while we ate and drank she moved to and fro, talking benignly. She talked upon 宗教的な 支配するs—about Jesus Christ always having a soft 位置／汚点／見つけ出す for poor rough men like us, and about how quickly the time passed when you were in church, and what a difference it made to a man on the road if he said his 祈りs 定期的に. We hated it. We sat against the 塀で囲む fingering our caps (a tramp feels indecently exposed with his cap off), and turning pink and trying to mumble something when the lady 演説（する）／住所d us. There was no 疑問 that she meant it all kindly. As she （機の）カム up to one of the north country lads with the plate of buns, she said to him:

'And you, my boy, how long is it since you knelt 負かす／撃墜する and spoke with your Father in Heaven?'

Poor lad, not a word could he utter; but his belly answered for him, with a disgraceful rumbling which it 始める，決める up at sight of the food. Thereafter he was so 打ち勝つ with shame that he could scarcely swallow his bun. Only one man managed to answer the lady in her own style, and he was a spry, red-nosed fellow looking like a corporal who had lost his （土地などの）細長い一片 for drunkenness. He could pronounce the words 'the dear Lord Jesus' with いっそう少なく shame than anyone I ever saw. No 疑問 he had learned the knack in 刑務所，拘置所.

Tea ended, and I saw the tramps looking furtively at one another. An unspoken thought was running from man to man—could we かもしれない make off before the 祈りs started? Someone stirred in his 議長，司会を務める—not getting up 現実に, but with just a ちらりと見ること at the door, as though half 示唆するing the idea of 出発. The lady 鎮圧するd him with one look. She said in a more benign トン than ever:

'I don't think you need go やめる yet. The casual 区 doesn't open till six, and we have time to ひさまづく 負かす／撃墜する and say a few words to our Father first. I think we should all feel better after that, shouldn't we?'

The red-nosed man was very helpful, pulling the harmonium into place and 手渡すing out the prayerbooks. His 支援する was to the lady as he did this, and it was his idea of a joke to 取引，協定 the 調書をとる／予約するs like a pack of cards, whispering to each man as he did so, 'There y'are, mate, there's a—nap 'and for yer! Four エースs and a king!' etc.

Bareheaded, we knelt 負かす／撃墜する の中で the dirty teacups and began to mumble that we had left undone those things that we せねばならない have done, and done those things that we ought not to have done, and there was no health in us. The lady prayed very fervently, but her 注目する，もくろむs roved over us all the time, making sure that we were …に出席するing. When she was not looking we grinned and winked at one another, and whispered bawdy jokes, just to show that we did not care; but it stuck in our throats a little. No one except the red-nosed man was self-所有するd enough to speak the 返答s above a whisper. We got on better with the singing, except that one old tramp knew no tune but 'Onward, Christian 兵士s', and 逆戻りするd to it いつかs, spoiling the harmony.

The 祈りs lasted half an hour, and then, after a handshake at the door, we made off. '井戸／弁護士席,' said somebody as soon as we were out of 審理，公聴会, 'the trouble's over. I thought them—祈りs was never goin' to end.'

'You '広告 your bun,' said another; 'you got to 支払う／賃金 for it.'

'Pray for it, you mean. Ah, you don't get much for nothing. They can't even give you a twopenny cup of tea without you go 負かす／撃墜する on you—膝s for it.'

There were murmurs of 協定. Evidently the tramps were not 感謝する for their tea. And yet it was excellent tea, as different from coffee-shop tea as good Bordeaux is from the muck called 植民地の claret, and we were all glad of it. I am sure too that it was given in a good spirit, without any 意向 of humiliating us; so in fairness we せねばならない have been 感謝する—still, we were not.

XXVII

AT about a ４半期/4分の1 to six the Irishman led me to the spike. It was a grim, smoky yellow cube of brick, standing in a corner of the workhouse grounds. With its 列／漕ぐ／騒動s of tiny, 閉めだした windows, and a high 塀で囲む and アイロンをかける gates separating it from the road, it looked much like a 刑務所，拘置所. Already a long 列 of ragged men had formed up, waiting for the gates to open. They were of all 肉親，親類d and ages, the youngest a fresh-直面するd boy of sixteen, the oldest a 二塁打d-up, toothless mummy of seventy-five. Some were 常習的な tramps, recognizable by their sticks and billies and dust-darkened 直面するs; some were factory 手渡すs out of work, some 農業の labourers, one a clerk in collar and tie, two certainly imbeciles. Seen in the 集まり, lounging there, they were a disgusting sight; nothing villainous or dangerous, but a graceless, mangy 乗組員, nearly all ragged and palpably underfed. They were friendly, however, and asked no questions. Many 申し込む／申し出d me タバコ—cigarette ends, that is.

We leaned against the 塀で囲む, smoking, and the tramps began to talk about the spikes they had been in recently. It appeared from what they said that all spikes are different, each with its peculiar 長所s and demerits, and it is important to know these when you are on the road. An old 手渡す will tell you the peculiarities of every spike in England, as: at A you are 許すd to smoke but there are bugs in the 独房s; at B the beds are comfortable but the porter is a いじめ（る）; at C they let you out 早期に in the morning but the tea is undrinkable; at D the 公式の／役人s steal your money if you have any—and so on interminably. There are 正規の／正選手 beaten 跡をつけるs where the spikes are within a day's march of one another. I was told that the Barnet-St Albans 大勝する is the best, and they 警告するd me to steer （疑いを）晴らす of Billericay and Chelmsford, also Ide Hill in Kent. Chelsea was said to be the most luxurious spike in England; someone, 賞賛するing it, said that the 一面に覆う／毛布s there were more like 刑務所，拘置所 than the spike. Tramps go far afield in summer, and in winter they circle as much as possible 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the large towns, where it is warmer and there is more charity. But they have to keep moving, for you may not enter any one spike, or any two London spikes, more than once in a month, on 苦痛 of 存在 限定するd for a week.

Some time after six the gates opened and we began to とじ込み／提出する in one at a time. In the yard was an office where an 公式の／役人 entered in a ledger our 指名するs and 貿易（する）s and ages, also the places we were coming from and going to—this last is ーするつもりであるd to keep a check on the movements of tramps. I gave my 貿易（する） as 'painter'; I had painted water-colours—who has not? The 公式の／役人 also asked us whether we had any money, and every man said no. It is against the 法律 to enter the spike with more than eightpence, and any sum いっそう少なく than this one is supposed to を引き渡す at the gate. But as a 支配する the tramps prefer to 密輸する their money in, tying it tight in a piece of cloth so that it will not chink. 一般に they put it in the 捕らえる、獲得する of tea and sugar that every tramp carries, or の中で their 'papers'. The 'papers' are considered sacred and are never searched.

After 登録（する）ing at the office we were led into the spike by an 公式の／役人 known as the Tramp Major (his 職業 is to 監督する casuals, and he is 一般に a workhouse pauper) and a 広大な／多数の／重要な bawling ruffian of a porter in a blue uniform, who 扱う／治療するd us like cattle. The spike consisted 簡単に of a bathroom and lavatory, and, for the 残り／休憩（する）, long 二塁打 列／漕ぐ／騒動s of 石／投石する 独房s, perhaps a hundred 独房s in all. It was a 明らかにする, 暗い／優うつな place of 石／投石する and whitewash, unwillingly clean, with a smell which, somehow, I had foreseen from its 外見; a smell of soft soap, Jeyes' fluid and latrines—a 冷淡な, discouraging, prisonish smell.

The porter herded us all into the passage, and then told us to come into the bathroom six at a time, to be searched before bathing. The search was for money and タバコ, Romton 存在 one of those spikes where you can smoke once you have 密輸するd your タバコ in, but it will be 押収するd if it is 設立する on you. The old 手渡すs had told us that the porter never searched below the 膝, so before going in we had all hidden our タバコ in the ankles of our boots. Afterwards, while undressing, we slipped it into our coats, which we were 許すd to keep, to serve as pillows.

The scene in the bathroom was extraordinarily repulsive. Fifty dirty, stark-naked men 肘ing each other in a room twenty feet square, with only two bathtubs and two slimy roller towels between them all. I shall never forget the reek of dirty feet. いっそう少なく than half the tramps 現実に bathed (I heard them 説 that hot water is '弱めるing' to the system), but they all washed their 直面するs and feet, and the horrid greasy little clouts known as toe-rags which they 貯蔵所d 一連の会議、交渉／完成する their toes. Fresh water was only 許すd for men who were having a 完全にする bath, so many men had to bathe in water where others had washed their feet. The porter 押すd us to and fro, giving the rough 味方する of his tongue when anyone wasted time. When my turn （機の）カム for the bath, I asked if I might swill out the tub, which was streaked with dirt, before using it. He answered 簡単に, 'Shut yer—mouth and get on with yer bath!' That 始める，決める the social トン of the place, and I did not speak again.

When we had finished bathing, the porter tied our 着せる／賦与するs in bundles and gave us workhouse shirts—grey cotton things of doubtful cleanliness, like abbreviated nightgowns. We were sent along to the 独房s at once, and presently the porter and the Tramp Major brought our supper across from the workhouse. Each man's ration was a half-続けざまに猛撃する wedge of bread smeared with margarine, and a pint of bitter sugarless cocoa in a tin billy. Sitting on the 床に打ち倒す we wolfed this in five minutes, and at about seven o'clock the 独房 doors were locked on the outside, to remain locked till eight in the morning.

Each man was 許すd to sleep with his mate, the 独房s 存在 ーするつもりであるd to 持つ／拘留する two men apiece. I had no mate, and was put in with another 独房監禁 man, a thin scrubby-直面するd fellow with a slight squint. The 独房 手段d eight feet by five by eight high, was made of 石／投石する, and had a tiny 閉めだした window high up in the 塀で囲む and a spyhole in the door, just like a 独房 in a 刑務所，拘置所. In it were six 一面に覆う／毛布s, a 議会-マリファナ, a hot water 麻薬を吸う, and nothing else whatever. I looked 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 独房 with a vague feeling that there was something 行方不明の. Then, with a shock of surprise, I realized what it was, and exclaimed:

'But I say, damn it, where are the beds?'

'Beds?' said the other man, surprised. 'There aren't no beds! What yer 推定する／予想する? This is one of them spikes where you sleeps on the 床に打ち倒す. Christ! Ain't you got used to that yet?'

It appeared that no beds was やめる a normal 条件 in the spike. We rolled up our coats and put them against the hot-water 麻薬を吸う, and made ourselves as comfortable as we could. It grew foully stuffy, but it was not warm enough to 許す of our putting all the 一面に覆う／毛布s underneath, so that we could only use one to 軟化する the 床に打ち倒す. We lay a foot apart, breathing into one another's 直面する, with our naked 四肢s 絶えず touching, and rolling against one another whenever we fell asleep. One fidgeted from 味方する to 味方する, but it did not do much good; whichever way one turned there would be first a dull numb feeling, then a sharp ache as the hardness of the 床に打ち倒す wore through the 一面に覆う／毛布. One could sleep, but not for more than ten minutes on end.

About midnight the other man began making homosexual 試みる／企てるs upon me —a 汚い experience in a locked, pitch-dark 独房. He was a feeble creature and I could manage him easily, but of course it was impossible to go to sleep again. For the 残り／休憩（する） of the night we stayed awake, smoking and talking. The man told me the story of his life—he was a fitter, out of work for three years. He said that his wife had 敏速に 砂漠d him when he lost his 職業, and he had been so long away from women that he had almost forgotten what they were like. Homosexuality is general の中で tramps of long standing, he said.

At eight the porter （機の）カム along the passage 打ち明けるing the doors and shouting 'All out!' The doors opened, letting out a stale, fetid stink. At once the passage was 十分な of squalid, grey-shirted 人物／姿／数字s, each 議会-マリファナ in 手渡す, 緊急発進するing for the bathroom. It appeared that in the morning only one tub of water was 許すd for the lot of us, and when I arrived twenty tramps had already washed their 直面するs; I took one ちらりと見ること at the 黒人／ボイコット scum floating on the water, and went unwashed. After this we were given a breakfast 同一の with the previous night's supper, our 着せる／賦与するs were returned to us, and we were ordered out into the yard to work. The work was peeling potatoes for the pauper's dinner, but it was a mere 形式順守, to keep us 占領するd until the doctor （機の）カム to 検査／視察する us. Most of the tramps 率直に idled. The doctor turned up at about ten o'clock and we were told to go 支援する to our 独房s, （土地などの）細長い一片 and wait in the passage for the 査察.

Naked, and shivering, we lined up in the passage. You cannot conceive what ruinous, degenerate curs we looked, standing there in the merciless morning light. A tramp's 着せる／賦与するs are bad, but they 隠す far worse things; to see him as he really is, unmitigated, you must see him naked. Flat feet, マリファナ bellies, hollow chests, sagging muscles—every 肉親，親類d of physical rottenness was there. Nearly everyone was under-nourished, and some 明確に 病気d; two men were wearing trusses, and as for the old mummy-like creature of seventy-five, one wondered how he could かもしれない make his daily march. Looking at our 直面するs, unshaven and creased from the sleepless night, you would have thought that all of us were 回復するing from a week on the drink.

The 査察 was designed 単に to （悪事，秘密などを）発見する smallpox, and took no notice of our general 条件. A young 医療の student, smoking a cigarette, walked 速く along the line ちらりと見ることing us up and 負かす／撃墜する, and not 問い合わせing whether any man was 井戸／弁護士席 or ill. When my 独房 companion stripped I saw that his chest was covered with a red 無分別な, and, having spent the night a few インチs away from him, I fell into a panic about smallpox. The doctor, however, 診察するd the 無分別な and said that it was 予定 単に to under-nourishment.

After the 査察 we dressed and were sent into the yard, where the porter called our 指名するs over, gave us 支援する any 所有／入手s we had left at the office, and 分配するd meal tickets. These were 価値（がある） sixpence each, and were directed to coffee-shops on the 大勝する we had 指名するd the night before. It was 利益／興味ing to see that やめる a number of the tramps could not read, and had to 適用する to myself and other 'scholards' to decipher their tickets.

The gates were opened, and we 分散させるd すぐに. How 甘い the 空気／公表する does smell—even the 空気／公表する of a 支援する street in the 郊外s—after the shut-in, subfaecal stench of the spike! I had a mate now, for while we were peeling potatoes I had made friends with an Irish tramp 指名するd 米，稲 Jaques, a melancholy pale man who seemed clean and decent. He was going to Edbury spike, and 示唆するd that we should go together. We 始める，決める out, getting there at three in the afternoon. It was a twelve-mile walk, but we made it fourteen by getting lost の中で the desolate north London slums. Our meal tickets were directed to a coffee-shop in Ilford. When we got there, the little chit of a serving-maid, having seen our tickets and しっかり掴むd that we were tramps, 投げ上げる／ボディチェックするd her 長，率いる in contempt and for a long time would not serve us. Finally she slapped on the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する two 'large teas' and four slices of bread and dripping—that is, eightpenny-価値（がある） of food. It appeared that the shop habitually cheated the tramps of twopence or so on each ticket; having tickets instead of money, the tramps could not 抗議する or go どこかよそで.

XXVIII

PADDY was my mate for about the next fortnight, and, as he was the first tramp I had known at all 井戸／弁護士席, I want to give an account of him. I believe that he was a typical tramp and there are tens of thousands in England like him.

He was a tallish man, 老年の about thirty-five, with fair hair going grizzled and watery blue 注目する，もくろむs. His features were good, but his cheeks had lanked and had that greyish, dirty in the 穀物 look that comes of a bread and margarine diet. He was dressed, rather better than most tramps, in a tweed 狙撃-jacket and a pair of old evening trousers with the braid still on them. Evidently the braid 人物／姿／数字d in his mind as a ぐずぐず残る 捨てる of respectability, and he took care to sew it on again when it （機の）カム loose. He was careful of his 外見 altogether, and carried a かみそり and bootbrush that he would not sell, though he had sold his 'papers' and even his pocket-knife long since. にもかかわらず, one would have known him for a tramp a hundred yards away. There was something in his drifting style of walk, and the way he had of hunching his shoulders 今後, essentially abject. Seeing him walk, you felt instinctively that he would sooner take a blow than give one.

He had been brought up in Ireland, served two years in the war, and then worked in a metal polish factory, where he had lost his 職業 two years earlier. He was horribly ashamed of 存在 a tramp, but he had 選ぶd up all a tramp's ways. He browsed the pavements unceasingly, never 行方不明の a cigarette end, or even an empty cigarette packet, as he used the tissue paper for rolling cigarettes. On our way into Edbury he saw a newspaper 小包 on the pavement, pounced on it, and 設立する that it 含む／封じ込めるd two mutton 挟むs/rather frayed at the 辛勝する／優位s; these he 主張するd on my 株ing. He never passed an (a)自動的な／(n)自動拳銃 machine without giving a 強く引っ張る at the 扱う, for he said that いつかs they are out of order and will 排除する／（飛行機などから）緊急脱出する pennies if you 強く引っ張る at them. He had no stomach for 罪，犯罪, however. When we were in the 郊外s of Romton, 米，稲 noticed a 瓶／封じ込める of milk on a doorstep, evidently left there by mistake. He stopped, 注目する，もくろむing the 瓶／封じ込める hungrily.

'Christ!' he said, 'dere's good food goin' to waste. Somebody could knock dat 瓶／封じ込める off, eh? Knock it off 平易な.'

I saw that he was thinking of 'knocking it off' himself. He looked up and 負かす／撃墜する the street; it was a 静かな 居住の street and there was nobody in sight. 米，稲's sickly, chap-fallen 直面する yearned over the milk. Then he turned away, 説 gloomily:

'Best leave it. It don't do a man no good to steal. T'ank God, I ain't never stolen nothin' yet.'

It was funk, bred of hunger, that kept him virtuous. With only two or three sound meals in his belly, he would have 設立する courage to steal the milk.

He had two 支配するs of conversation, the shame and come-負かす／撃墜する of 存在 a tramp, and the best way of getting a 解放する／自由な meal. As we drifted through the streets he would keep up a monologue in this style, in a whimpering, self-pitying Irish 発言する／表明する:

'It's hell bein' on de road, eh? It breaks yer heart goin' into dem 血まみれの spikes. But what's a man to do else, eh? I ain't had a good meat meal for about two months, an' me boots is getting bad, an'—Christ! How'd it be if we was to try for a cup o' tay at one o' dem convents on de way to Edbury? Most times dey're good for a cup o' tay. Ah, what'd a man do widout 宗教, eh? I've took cups o' tay from de convents, an' de Baptists, an' de Church of England, an' all sorts. I'm a カトリック教徒 meself. Dat's to say, I ain't been to 自白 for about seventeen year, but still I got me 宗教的な feelin's, y'understand. An' dem convents is always good for a cup o' tay ...' etc. etc. He would keep this up all day, almost without stopping.

His ignorance was limitless and appalling. He once asked me, for instance, whether Napoleon lived before Jesus Christ or after. Another time, when I was looking into a bookshop window, he grew very perturbed because one of the 調書をとる／予約するs was called Of the Imitation of Christ. He took this for blasphemy. 'What de hell do dey want to go imitatin' of Him for?' he 需要・要求するd 怒って. He could read, but he had a 肉親，親類d of loathing for 調書をとる／予約するs. On our way from Romton to Edbury I went into a public library, and, though 米，稲 did not want to read, I 示唆するd that he should come in and 残り／休憩（する） his 脚s. But he preferred to wait on the pavement. 'No,' he said, 'de sight of all dat 血まみれの print makes me sick.'

Like most tramps, he was passionately mean about matches. He had a box of matches when I met him, but I never saw him strike one, and he used to lecture me for extravagance when I struck 地雷. His method was to cadge a light from strangers, いつかs going without a smoke for half an hour rather than strike a match.

Self-pity was the 手がかり（を与える） to his character. The thought of his bad luck never seemed to leave him for an instant. He would break long silences to exclaim, apropos of nothing, 'It's hell when yer clo'es begin to go up de spout, eh?' or 'Dat tay in de spike ain't tay, it's piss,' as though there was nothing else in the world to think about. And he had a low, worm-like envy of anyone who was better off—not of the rich, for they were beyond his social horizon, but of men in work. He pined for work as an artist pines to be famous. If he saw an old man working he would say 激しく, 'Look at dat old—keepin' able-団体／死体d men out o' work'; or if it was a boy, 'It's dem young devils what's takin' de bread out of our mouths.' And all foreigners to him were 'dem 血まみれの dagoes'—for, によれば his theory, foreigners were 責任がある 失業.

He looked at women with a mixture of longing and 憎悪. Young, pretty women were too much above him to enter into his ideas, but his mouth watered at 売春婦s. A couple of scarlet-lipped old creatures would go past; 米，稲's 直面する would 紅潮／摘発する pale pink, and he would turn and 星／主役にする hungrily after the women. 'Tarts!' he would murmur, like a boy at a sweetshop window. He told me once that he had not had to do with a woman for two years—since he had lost his 職業, that is—and he had forgotten that one could 目的（とする） higher than 売春婦s. He had the 正規の／正選手 character of a tramp—abject, envious, a jackal's character.

にもかかわらず, he was a good fellow, generous by nature and 有能な of 株ing his last crust with a friend; indeed he did literally 株 his last crust with me more than once. He was probably 有能な of work too, if he had been 井戸／弁護士席 fed for a few months. But two years of bread and margarine had lowered his 基準s hopelessly. He had lived on this filthy imitation of food till his own mind and 団体／死体 were 構内／化合物d of inferior stuff. It was 栄養不良 and not any native 副／悪徳行為 that had destroyed his manhood.

XXIX

ON the way to Edbury I told 米，稲 that I had a friend from whom I could be sure of getting money, and 示唆するd going straight into London rather than 直面する another night in the spike. But 米，稲 had not been in Edbury spike recently, and, tramp-like, he would not waste a night's 解放する／自由な 宿泊するing. We arranged to go into London the next morning. I had only a halfpenny, but 米，稲 had two shillings, which would get us a bed each and a few cups of tea.

The Edbury spike did not 異なる much from the one at Romton. The worst feature was that all タバコ was 押収するd at the gate, and we were 警告するd that any man caught smoking would be turned out at once. Under the Vagrancy 行為／法令／行動する tramps can be 起訴するd for smoking in the spike—in fact, they can be 起訴するd for almost anything; but the 当局 一般に save the trouble of a 起訴 by turning disobedient men out of doors. There was no work to do, and the 独房s were 公正に／かなり comfortable. We slept two in a 独房, 'one up, one 負かす／撃墜する'—that is, one on a 木造の shelf and one on the 床に打ち倒す, with straw palliasses and plenty of 一面に覆う／毛布s, dirty but not verminous. The food was the same as at Romton, except that we had tea instead of cocoa. One could get extra tea in the morning, as the Tramp Major was selling it at a halfpenny a 襲う，襲って強奪する, illicitly no 疑問. We were each given a hunk of bread and cheese to take away for our midday meal.

When we got into London we had eight hours to kill before the 宿泊するing-houses opened. It is curious how one does not notice things. I had been in London innumerable times, and yet till that day I had never noticed one of the worst things about London—the fact that it costs money even to sit 負かす／撃墜する. In Paris, if you had no money and could not find a public （法廷の）裁判, you would sit on the pavement. Heaven knows what sitting on the pavement would lead to in London—刑務所，拘置所, probably. By four we had stood five hours, and our feet seemed red-hot from the hardness of the 石／投石するs. We were hungry, having eaten our ration as soon as we left the spike, and I was out of タバコ—it 事柄d いっそう少なく to 米，稲, who 選ぶd up cigarette ends. We tried two churches and 設立する them locked. Then we tried a public library, but there were no seats in it. As a last hope 米，稲 示唆するd trying a Rowton House; by the 支配するs they would not let us in before seven, but we might slip in unnoticed. We walked up to the magnificent doorway (the Rowton Houses really are magnificent) and very casually, trying to look like 正規の／正選手 lodgers, began to stroll in. 即時に a man lounging in the doorway, a sharp-直面するd fellow, evidently in some position of 当局, 閉めだした the way.

'You men sleep 'ere last night?'

'No.'

'Then—off.'

We obeyed, and stood two more hours on the street corner. It was unpleasant, but it taught me not to use the 表現 'street corner loafer', so I 伸び（る）d something from it.

At six we went to a 救済 Army 避難所. We could not 調書をとる／予約する beds till eight and it was not 確かな that there would be any 空いている, but an 公式の／役人, who called us 'Brother', let us in on the 条件 that we paid for two cups of tea. The main hall of the 避難所 was a 広大な／多数の／重要な white-washed barn of a place, oppressively clean and 明らかにする, with no 解雇する／砲火／射撃s. Two hundred decentish, rather subdued-looking people were sitting packed on long 木造の （法廷の）裁判s. One or two officers in uniform prowled up and 負かす／撃墜する. On the 塀で囲む were pictures of General Booth, and notices 禁じるing cooking, drinking, spitting, 断言するing, quarrelling, and 賭事ing. As a 見本／標本 of these notices, here is one that I copied word for word:

Any man 設立する 賭事ing or playing cards will be expelled and will not be 認める under any circumstances.

A reward will be given for （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 主要な to the 発見 of such persons.

The officers in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 控訴，上告 to all lodgers to 補助装置 them in keeping this 宿泊所 解放する／自由な from the DETESTABLE EVIL OF GAMBLING.

'賭事ing or playing cards' is a delightful phrase. To my 注目する，もくろむ these 救済 Army 避難所s, though clean, are far drearier than the worst of the ありふれた 宿泊するing-houses. There is such a hopelessness about some of the people there—decent, broken-負かす／撃墜する types who have pawned their collars but are still trying for office 職業s. Coming to a 救済 Army 避難所, where it is at least clean, is their last clutch at respectability. At the next （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する to me were two foreigners, dressed in rags but manifestly gentlemen. They were playing chess 口頭で, not even 令状ing 負かす／撃墜する the moves. One of them was blind, and I heard them say that they had been saving up for a long time to buy a board, price half a 栄冠を与える, but could never manage it. Here and there were clerks out of work, pallid and moody. の中で a group of them a tall, thin, deadly pale young man was talking excitedly. He 強くたたくd his 握りこぶし on the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する and 誇るd in a strange, feverish style. When the officers were out of 審理，公聴会 he broke out into startling blasphemies:

'I tell you what, boys, I'm going to get that 職業 tomorrow. I'm not one of your 血まみれの 負かす／撃墜する-on-the-膝 旅団; I can look after myself. Look at that—notice there! "The Lord will 供給する!" A 血まみれの lot He's ever 供給するd me with. You don't catch me 信用ing to the—Lord. You leave it to me, boys. I'm going to get that 職業,' etc. etc.

I watched him, struck by the wild, agitated way in which he talked; he seemed hysterical, or perhaps a little drunk. An hour later I went into a small room, apart from the main hall, which was ーするつもりであるd for reading. It had no 調書をとる／予約するs or papers in it, so few of the lodgers went there. As I opened the door I saw the young clerk in there all alone; he was on his 膝s, praying. Before I shut the door again I had time to see his 直面する, and it looked agonized. やめる suddenly I realized, from the 表現 of his 直面する, that he was 餓死するing.

The 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 for beds was eightpence. 米，稲 and I had fivepence left, and we spent it at the '妨げる／法廷，弁護士業', where food was cheap, though not so cheap as in some ありふれた 宿泊するing-houses. The tea appeared to be made with tea dust, which I fancy had been given to the 救済 Army in charity, though they sold it at threehalfpence a cup. It was foul stuff. At ten o'clock an officer marched 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the hall blowing a whistle. すぐに everyone stood up.

'What's this for?' I said to 米，稲, astonished.

'Dat means you has to go off to bed. An' you has to look sharp about it, too.'

Obediently as sheep, the whole two hundred men 軍隊／機動隊d off to bed, under the 命令（する） of the officers.

The 寄宿舎 was a 広大な／多数の／重要な attic like a barrack room, with sixty or seventy beds in it. They were clean and tolerably comfortable, but very 狭くする and very の近くに together, so that one breathed straight into one's 隣人's 直面する. Two officers slept in the room, to see that there was no smoking and no talking after lights-out. 米，稲 and I had scarcely a wink of sleep, for there was a man 近づく us who had some nervous trouble, shellshock perhaps, which made him cry out 'Pip!' at 不規律な intervals. It was a loud, startling noise, something like the toot of a small モーター-horn. You never knew when it was coming, and it was a sure preventer of sleep. It appeared that Pip, as the others called him, slept 定期的に in the 避難所, and he must have kept ten or twenty people awake every night. He was an example of the 肉親，親類d of thing that 妨げるs one from ever getting enough sleep when men are herded as they are in these 宿泊するing-houses.

At seven another whistle blew, and the officers went 一連の会議、交渉／完成する shaking those who did not get up at once. Since then I have slept in a number of 救済 Army 避難所s, and 設立する that, though the different houses 変化させる a little, this 半分-軍の discipline is the same in all of them. They are certainly cheap, but they are too like workhouses for my taste. In some of them there is even a compulsory 宗教的な service once or twice a week, which the lodgers must …に出席する or leave the house. The fact is that the 救済 Army are so in the habit of thinking themselves a charitable 団体／死体 that they cannot even run a 宿泊するing-house without making it stink of charity.

At ten I went to B.'s office and asked him to lend me a 続けざまに猛撃する. He gave me two 続けざまに猛撃するs and told me to come again when necessary, so that 米，稲 and I were 解放する／自由な of money troubles for a week at least. We loitered the day in Trafalgar Square, looking for a friend of 米，稲's who never turned up, and at night went to a 宿泊するing-house in a 支援する alley 近づく the 立ち往生させる. The 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 was elevenpence, but it was a dark, evil-smelling place, and a 悪名高い haunt of the 'nancy boys'. Downstairs, in the murky kitchen, three あいまいな-looking 青年s in smartish blue 控訴s were sitting on a （法廷の）裁判 apart, ignored by the other lodgers. I suppose they were 'nancy boys'. They looked the same type as the apache boys one sees in Paris, except that they wore no 味方する-whiskers. In 前線 of the 解雇する／砲火／射撃 a fully dressed man and a stark-naked man were 取引ing. They were newspaper 販売人s. The dressed man was selling his 着せる／賦与するs to the naked man. He said:

''Ere y'are, the best 装備する-out you ever '広告. A tosheroon [half a 栄冠を与える] for the coat, two 'ogs for the trousers, one and a tanner for the boots, and a 'og for the cap and scarf. That's seven （頭が）ひょいと動く.'

'You got a 'ope! I'll give yer one and a tanner for the coat, a 'og for the trousers, and two 'ogs for the 残り／休憩（する）. That's four and a tanner.'

'Take the 'ole lot for five and a tanner, chum.'

'権利 y'are, off with 'em. I got to get out to sell my late 版.'

The 着せる／賦与するd man stripped, and in three minutes their positions were 逆転するd; the naked man dressed, and the other kilted with a sheet of the Daily Mail.

The 寄宿舎 was dark and の近くに, with fifteen beds in it. There was a horrible hot reek of urine, so beastly that at first one tried to breathe in small, shallow puffs, not filling one's 肺s to the 底（に届く）. As I lay 負かす／撃墜する in bed a man ぼんやり現れるd out of the 不明瞭, leant over me and began babbling in an educated, half-drunken 発言する／表明する:

'An old public schoolboy, what? [He had heard me say something to 米，稲.] Don't 会合，会う many of the old school here. I am an old Etonian. You know—twenty years hence this 天候 and all that.' He began to quaver out the Eton boating-song, not untunefully:

Jolly boating 天候,
And a hay 収穫—

'Stop that—noise!' shouted several lodgers.

'Low types,' said the old Etonian, 'very low types. Funny sort of place for you and me, eh? Do you know what my friends say to me? They say, "M—, you are past redemption." やめる true, I am past redemption. I've come 負かす／撃墜する in the world; not like these——s here, who couldn't come 負かす／撃墜する if they tried. We chaps who have come 負かす／撃墜する せねばならない hang together a bit. 青年 will be still in our 直面するs—you know. May I 申し込む／申し出 you a drink?'

He produced a 瓶／封じ込める of cherry brandy, and at the same moment lost his balance and fell ひどく across my 脚s. 米，稲, who was undressing, pulled him upright.

'Get 支援する to yer bed, you silly ole—!'

The old Etonian walked unsteadily to his bed and はうd under the sheets with all his 着せる／賦与するs on, even his boots. Several times in the night I heard him murmuring, 'M—, you are past redemption,' as though the phrase 控訴，上告d to him. In the morning he was lying asleep fully dressed, with the 瓶／封じ込める clasped in his 武器. He was a man of about fifty, with a 精製するd, worn 直面する, and, curiously enough, やめる fashionably dressed. It was queer to see his good 特許-leather shoes sticking out of that filthy bed. It occurred to me, too, that the cherry brandy must have cost the 同等（の） of a fortnight's 宿泊するing, so he could not have been 本気で hard up. Perhaps he たびたび（訪れる）d ありふれた 宿泊するing-houses in search of the 'nancy boys'.

The beds were not more than two feet apart. About midnight I woke up to find that the man next to me was trying to steal the money from beneath my pillow. He was pretending to be asleep while he did it, 事情に応じて変わる his 手渡す under the pillow as gently as a ネズミ. In the morning I saw that he was a hunchback, with long, apelike 武器. I told 米，稲 about the 試みる／企てるd 窃盗. He laughed and said:

'Christ! You got to get used to dat. Dese lodgin' houses is 十分な o' thieves. In some houses dere's nothin' 安全な but to sleep wid all yer clo'es on. I seen 'em steal a 木造の 脚 off a 手足を不自由にする／（物事を）損なう before now. Once I see a man—fourteen-石／投石する man he was—come into a lodgin'-house wid four 続けざまに猛撃する ten. He puts it under his mattress. "Now," he says, "any—dat touches dat money does it over my 団体／死体," he says. But dey done him all de same. In de mornin' he woke up on de 床に打ち倒す. Four fellers had took his mattress by de corners an' 解除するd him off as light as a feather. He never saw his four 続けざまに猛撃する ten again.'

XXX

THE next morning we began looking once more for 米，稲's friend, who was called Bozo, and was a screever—that is, a pavement artist. 演説（する）／住所s did not 存在する in 米，稲's world, but he had a vague idea that Bozo might be 設立する in Lambeth, and in the end we ran across him on the 堤防, where he had 設立するd himself not far from Waterloo 橋（渡しをする）. He was ひさまづくing on the pavement with a box of chalks, copying a sketch of Winston Churchill from a penny 公式文書，認める-調書をとる／予約する. The likeness was not at all bad. Bozo was a small, dark, hook-nosed man, with curly hair growing low on his 長，率いる. His 権利 脚 was dreadfully deformed, the foot 存在 新たな展開d heel 今後 in a way horrible to see. From his 外見 one could have taken him for a Jew, but he used to 否定する this vigorously. He spoke of his hooknose as 'Roman', and was proud of his resemblance to some Roman Emperor—it was Vespasian, I think.

Bozo had a strange way of talking, Cockneyfied and yet very lucid and expressive. It was as though he had read good 調書をとる／予約するs but had never troubled to 訂正する his grammar. For a while 米，稲 and I stayed on the 堤防, talking, and Bozo gave us an account of the screeving 貿易（する）. I repeat what he said more or いっそう少なく in his own words.

'I'm what they call a serious screever. I don't draw in blackboard chalks like these others, I use proper colours the same as what painters use; 血まみれの expensive they are, 特に the reds. I use five （頭が）ひょいと動くs' 価値（がある） of colours in a long day, and never いっそう少なく than two （頭が）ひょいと動くs' 価値（がある）*. 風刺漫画s is my line—you know, politics and cricket and that. Look here'—he showed me his notebook—'here's likenesses of all the political blokes, what I've copied from the papers. I have a different 風刺漫画 every day. For instance, when the 予算 was on I had one of Winston trying to 押し進める an elephant 示すd "負債", and underneath I wrote, "Will he budge it?" See? You can have 風刺漫画s about any of the parties, but you mustn't put anything in favour of 社会主義, because the police won't stand it. Once I did a 風刺漫画 of a boa constrictor 示すd 資本／首都 swallowing a rabbit 示すd 労働. The 巡査 （機の）カム along and saw it, and he says, "You rub that out, and look sharp about it," he says. I had to rub it out. The 巡査's got the 権利 to move you on for loitering, and it's no good giving them a 支援する answer.'

[* Pavement artists buy their colours in the form of 砕く, and work them into cakes in condensed milk]

I asked Bozo what one could earn at screeving. He said:

'This time of year, when it don't rain, I take about three quid between Friday and Sunday—people get their 給料 Fridays, you see. I can't work when it rains; the colours get washed off straight away. Take the year 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, I make about a 続けざまに猛撃する a week, because you can't do much in the winter. Boat Race day, and Cup Final day, I've took as much as four 続けざまに猛撃するs. But you have to 削減（する） it out of them, you know; you don't take a （頭が）ひょいと動く if you just sit and look at them. A halfpenny's the usual 減少（する） [gift], and you don't get even that unless you give them a bit of backchat. Once they've answered you they feel ashamed not to give you a 減少（する）. The best thing's to keep changing your picture, because when they see you 製図／抽選 they'll stop and watch you. The trouble is, the beggars scatter as soon as you turn 一連の会議、交渉／完成する with the hat. You really want a nobber [assistant] at this game. You keep at work and get a （人が）群がる watching you, and the nobber comes casual-like 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 支援する of them. They don't know he's the nobber. Then suddenly he pulls his cap off, and you got them between two 解雇する／砲火／射撃s like. You'll never get a 減少（する） off real toffs. It's shabby sort of blokes you get most off, and foreigners. I've had even sixpences off Japs, and blackies, and that. They're not so 血まみれの mean as what an Englishman is. Another thing to remember is to keep your money covered up, except perhaps a penny in the hat. People won't give you anything if they see you got a （頭が）ひょいと動く or two already.'

Bozo had the deepest contempt for the other screevers on the 堤防. He called them 'the salmon platers'. At that time there was a screever almost every twenty-five yards along the 堤防—twenty-five yards 存在 the 認めるd 最小限 between pitches. Bozo contemptuously pointed out an old white-bearded screever fifty yards away.

'You see that silly old fool? He's 貯蔵所 doing the same picture every day for ten years. "A faithful friend" he calls it. It's of a dog pulling a child out of the water. The silly old bastard can't draw any better than a child of ten. He's learned just that one picture by 支配する of thumb, like you learn to put a puzzle together. There's a lot of that sort about here. They come pinching my ideas いつかs; but I don't care; the silly——s can't think of anything for themselves, so I'm always ahead of them. The whole thing with 風刺漫画s is 存在 up to date. Once a child got its 長，率いる stuck in the railings of Chelsea 橋（渡しをする）. 井戸／弁護士席, I heard about it, and my 風刺漫画 was on the pavement before they'd got the child's 長，率いる out of the railings. 誘発する, I am.'

Bozo seemed an 利益／興味ing man, and I was anxious to see more of him. That evening I went 負かす／撃墜する to the 堤防 to 会合，会う him, as he had arranged to take 米，稲 and myself to a 宿泊するing-house south of the river. Bozo washed his pictures off the pavement and counted his takings—it was about sixteen shillings, of which he said twelve or thirteen would be 利益（をあげる）. We walked 負かす／撃墜する into Lambeth. Bozo limped slowly, with a queer crablike gait, half sideways, dragging his 粉砕するd foot behind him. He carried a stick in each 手渡す and slung his box of colours over his shoulder. As we were crossing the 橋（渡しをする） he stopped in one of the alcoves to 残り／休憩（する）. He fell silent for a minute or two, and to my surprise I saw that he was looking at the 星／主役にするs. He touched my arm and pointed to the sky with his stick.

'Say, will you look at Aldebaran! Look at the colour. Like a—広大な／多数の／重要な 血 orange!'

From the way he spoke he might have been an art critic in a picture gallery. I was astonished. I 自白するd that I did not know which Aldebaran was—indeed, I had never even noticed that the 星／主役にするs were of different colours. Bozo began to give me some elementary hints on astronomy, pointing out-the 長，指導者 星座s. He seemed 関心d at my ignorance. I said to him, surprised:

'You seem to know a lot about 星／主役にするs.'

'Not a 広大な／多数の／重要な lot. I know a bit, though. I got two letters from the 天文学者 王室の thanking me for 令状ing about meteors. Now and again I go out at night and watch for meteors. The 星／主役にするs are a 解放する／自由な show; it don't cost anything to use your 注目する，もくろむs.'

'What a good idea! I should never have thought of it.'

'井戸／弁護士席, you got to take an 利益／興味 in something. It don't follow that because a man's on the road he can't think of anything but tea-and-two-slices.'

'But isn't it very hard to take an 利益／興味 in things—things like 星／主役にするs—living this life?'

'Screeving, you mean? Not やむを得ず. It don't need turn you into a 血まみれの rabbit—that is, not if you 始める，決める your mind to it.'

'It seems to have that 影響 on most people.'

'Of course. Look at 米，稲—a tea-swilling old moocher, only fit to scrounge for fag-ends. That's the way most of them go. I despise them. But you don't need to get like that. If you've got any education, it don't 事柄 to you if you're on the road for the 残り／休憩（する） of your life.'

'井戸／弁護士席, I've 設立する just the contrary,' I said. 'It seems to me that when you take a man's money away he's fit for nothing from that moment.'

'No, not やむを得ず. If you 始める，決める yourself to it, you can live the same life, rich or poor. You can still keep on with your 調書をとる／予約するs and your ideas. You just got to say to yourself, "I'm a 解放する／自由な man in here"'—he tapped his forehead—'and you're all 権利.'

Bozo talked その上の in the same 緊張する, and I listened with attention. He seemed a very unusual screever, and he was, moreover, the first person I had heard 持続する that poverty did not 事柄. I saw a good 取引，協定 of him during the next few days, for several times it rained and he could not work. He told me the history of his life, and it was a curious one.

The son of a 破産者／倒産した bookseller, he had gone to work as a house-painter at eighteen, and then served three years in フラン and India during the war. After the war he had 設立する a house-絵 職業 in Paris, and had stayed there several years. フラン ふさわしい him better than England (he despised the English), and he had been doing 井戸／弁護士席 in Paris, saving money, and engaged to a French girl. One day the girl was 鎮圧するd to death under the wheels of an omnibus. Bozo went on the drink for a week, and then returned to work, rather 不安定な; the same morning he fell from a 行う／開催する／段階 on which he was working, forty feet on to the pavement, and 粉砕するd his 権利 foot to 低俗雑誌. For some 推論する／理由 he received only sixty 続けざまに猛撃するs 補償（金）. He returned to England, spent his money in looking for 職業s, tried 強硬派ing 調書をとる／予約するs in Middlesex Street market, then tried selling toys from a tray, and finally settled 負かす／撃墜する as a screever. He had lived 手渡す to mouth ever since, half 餓死するd throughout the winter, and often sleeping in the spike or on the 堤防.

When I knew him he owned nothing but the 着せる／賦与するs he stood up in, and his 製図／抽選 構成要素s and a few 調書をとる／予約するs. The 着せる／賦与するs were the usual beggar's rags, but he wore a collar and tie, of which he was rather proud. The collar, a year or more old, was 絶えず 'going' 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the neck, and Bozo used to patch it with bits 削減（する） from the tail of his shirt so that the shirt had scarcely any tail left. His 損失d 脚 was getting worse and would probably have to be amputated, and his 膝s, from ひさまづくing on the 石／投石するs, had pads of 肌 on them as 厚い as boot-単独のs. There was, 明確に, no 未来 for him but beggary and a death in the workhouse.

With all this, he had neither 恐れる, nor 悔いる, nor shame, nor self-pity. He had 直面するd his position, and made a philosophy for himself. 存在 a beggar, he said, was not his fault, and he 辞退するd either to have any compunction about it or to let it trouble him. He was the enemy of society, and やめる ready to take to 罪，犯罪 if he saw a good 適切な時期. He 辞退するd on 原則 to be thrifty. In the summer he saved nothing, spending his 黒字／過剰 収入s on drink, as he did not care about women. If he was penniless when winter （機の）カム on, then society must look after him. He was ready to 抽出する every penny he could from charity, 供給するd that he was not 推定する／予想するd to say thank you for it. He 避けるd 宗教的な charities, however, for he said it stuck in his throat to sing hymns for buns. He had さまざまな other points of honour; for instance, it was his 誇る that never in his life, even when 餓死するing, had he 選ぶd up a cigarette end. He considered himself in a class above the ordinary run of beggars, who, he said, were an abject lot, without even the decency to be ungrateful.

He spoke French passably, and had read some of Zola's novels, all Shakespeare's plays, Gulliver's Travels, and a number of essays. He could 述べる his adventures in words that one remembered. For instance, speaking of funerals, he said to me:

'Have you-ever seen a 死体 燃やすd? I have, in India. They put the old chap on the 解雇する／砲火／射撃, and the next moment I almost jumped out of my 肌, because he'd started kicking. It was only his muscles 契約ing in the heat—still, it give me a turn. 井戸／弁護士席, he wriggled about for a bit like a kipper on hot coals, and then his belly blew up and went off with a bang you could have heard fifty yards away. It fair put me against 火葬.'

Or, again, apropos of his 事故:

'The doctor says to me, "You fell on one foot, my man. And 血まみれの lucky for you you didn't 落ちる on both feet," he says. "Because if you had of fallen on both feet you'd have shut up like a 血まみれの concertina, and your thigh bones'd be sticking out of your ears!"'

明確に the phrase was not the doctor's but Bozo's own. He had a gift for phrases. He had managed to keep his brain 損なわれていない and 警報, and so nothing could make him succumb to poverty. He might be ragged and 冷淡な, or even 餓死するing, but so long as he could read, think, and watch for meteors, he was, as he said, 解放する／自由な in his own mind.

He was an embittered atheist (the sort of atheist who does not so much disbelieve in God as 本人自身で dislike Him), and took a sort of 楽しみ in thinking that human 事件／事情／状勢s would never 改善する. いつかs, he said, when sleeping on the 堤防, it had consoled him to look up at 火星 or Jupiter and think that there were probably 堤防 sleepers there. He had a curious theory about this. Life on earth, he said, is 厳しい because the 惑星 is poor in the necessities of 存在. 火星, with its 冷淡な 気候 and scanty water, must be far poorer, and life 対応して harsher. 反して on earth you are 単に 拘留するd for stealing sixpence, on 火星 you are probably boiled alive. This thought 元気づけるd Bozo, I do not know why. He was a very exceptional man.

XXXI

THE 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 at Bozo's 宿泊するing-house was ninepence a night. It was a large, （人が）群がるd place, with accommodation for five hundred men, and a 井戸／弁護士席-known rendezvous of tramps, beggars, and petty 犯罪のs. All races, even 黒人／ボイコット and white, mixed in it on 条件 of equality. There were Indians there, and when I spoke to one of them in bad Urdu he 演説（する）／住所d me as 'turn'—a thing to make one shudder, if it had been in India. We had got below the 範囲 of colour prejudice. One had glimpses of curious lives. Old 'Grandpa', a tramp of seventy who made his living, or a 広大な／多数の／重要な part of it, by collecting cigarette ends and selling the タバコ at threepence an ounce. 'The Doctor'—he was a real doctor, who had been struck off the 登録（する） for some offence, and besides selling newspapers gave 医療の advice at a few pence a time. A little Chittagonian lascar, barefoot and 餓死するing, who had 砂漠d his ship and wandered for days through London, so vague and helpless that he did not even know the 指名する of the city he was in—he thought it was Liverpool, until I told him. A begging-letter writer, a friend of Bozo's, who wrote pathetic 控訴，上告s for 援助（する） to 支払う／賃金 for his wife's funeral, and, when a letter had taken 影響, blew himself out with 抱擁する 独房監禁 gorges of bread and margarine. He was a 汚い, hyena-like creature. I talked to him and 設立する that, like most 詐欺師s, he believed a 広大な／多数の／重要な part of his own lies. The 宿泊するing-house was an Alsatia for types like these.

While I was with Bozo he taught me something about the technique of London begging. There is more in it than one might suppose. Beggars 変化させる 大いに, and there is a sharp social line between those who 単に cadge and those who 試みる／企てる to give some value for money. The 量s that one can earn by the different 'gags' also 変化させる. The stories in the Sunday papers about beggars who die with two thousand 続けざまに猛撃するs sewn into their trousers are, of course, lies; but the better-class beggars do have runs of luck, when they earn a living 行う for weeks at a time. The most 繁栄する beggars are street acrobats and street photographers. On a good pitch—a theatre 列, for instance—a street acrobat will often earn five 続けざまに猛撃するs a week. Street photographers can earn about the same, but they are 扶養家族 on 罰金 天候. They have a cunning dodge to 刺激する 貿易（する）. When they see a likely 犠牲者 approaching one of them runs behind the camera and pretends to take a photograph. Then as the 犠牲者 reaches them, they exclaim:

'There y'are, sir, took yer photo lovely. That'll be a （頭が）ひょいと動く.'

'But I never asked you to take it,' 抗議するs the 犠牲者.

'What, you didn't want it took? Why, we thought you signalled with your 'and. 井戸／弁護士席, there's a plate wasted! That's cost us sixpence, that 'as.'

At this the 犠牲者 usually takes pity and says he will have the photo after all. The photographers 診察する the plate and say that it is spoiled, and that they will take a fresh one 解放する／自由な of 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金. Of course, they have not really taken the first photo; and so, if the 犠牲者 辞退するs, they waste nothing.

組織／臓器-grinders, like acrobats, are considered artists rather than beggars. An 組織／臓器-grinder 指名するd Shorty, a friend of Bozo's, told me all about his 貿易（する）. He and his mate 'worked' the coffee-shops and public-houses 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Whitechapel and the 商業の Road. It is a mistake to think that 組織／臓器-grinders earn their living in the street; nine-tenths of their money is taken in coffee-shops and pubs—only the cheap pubs, for they are not 許すd into the good-class ones. Shorty's 手続き was to stop outside a pub and play one tune, after which his mate, who had a 木造の 脚 and could excite compassion, went in and passed 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the hat. It was a point of honour with Shorty always to play another tune after receiving the '減少（する）'—an encore, as it were; the idea 存在 that he was a 本物の 芸能人 and not 単に paid to go away. He and his mate took two or three 続けざまに猛撃するs a week between them, but, as they had to 支払う／賃金 fifteen shillings a week for the 雇う of the 組織／臓器, they only 普通の／平均（する）d a 続けざまに猛撃する a week each. They were on the streets from eight in the morning till ten at night, and later on Saturdays.

Screevers can いつかs be called artists, いつかs not. Bozo introduced me to one who was a 'real' artist—that is, he had 熟考する／考慮するd art in Paris and submitted pictures to the Salon in his day. His line was copies of Old Masters, which he did marvellously, considering that he was 製図／抽選 on 石／投石する. He told me how he began as a screever:

'My wife and kids Were 餓死するing. I was walking home late at night, with a lot of 製図／抽選s I'd been taking 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 売買業者s, and wondering how the devil to raise a （頭が）ひょいと動く or two. Then, in the 立ち往生させる, I saw a fellow ひさまづくing on the pavement 製図／抽選, and people giving him pennies. As I （機の）カム past he got up and went into a pub. "Damn it," I thought, "if he can make money at that, so can I." So on the impulse I knelt 負かす／撃墜する and began 製図／抽選 with his chalks. Heaven knows how I （機の）カム to do it; I must have been lightheaded with hunger. The curious thing was that I'd never used pastels before; I had to learn the technique as I went along. 井戸／弁護士席, people began to stop and say that my 製図／抽選 wasn't bad, arid they gave me ninepence between them. At this moment the other fellow （機の）カム out of the pub. "What in—are you doing on my pitch?" he said. I explained that I was hungry and had to earn something. "Oh," said he, "come and have a pint with me." So I had a pint, and since that day I've been a screever. I make a 続けざまに猛撃する a week. You can't keep six kids on a 続けざまに猛撃する a week, but luckily my wife earns a bit taking in sewing.

'The worst thing in this life is the 冷淡な, and the next worst is the 干渉，妨害 you have to put up with. At first, not knowing any better, I used いつかs to copy a nude on the pavement. The first I did was outside St ツバメ's-in-the-Fields church. A fellow in 黒人／ボイコット—I suppose he was a churchwarden or something—（機の）カム out in a 涙／ほころびing 激怒（する）. "Do you think we can have that obscenity outside God's 宗教上の house?" he cried. So I had to wash it out. It was a copy of Botticelli's Venus. Another time I copied the same picture on the 堤防. A policeman passing looked at it, and then, without a word, walked on to it and rubbed it out with his 広大な／多数の／重要な flat feet.'

Bozo told the same tale of police 干渉，妨害. At the time when I was with him there had been a 事例／患者 of 'immoral 行為／行う' in Hyde Park, in which the police had behaved rather 不正に. Bozo produced a 風刺漫画 of Hyde Park with policemen 隠すd in the trees, and the legend, 'Puzzle, find the policemen.' I pointed out to him how much more telling it would be to put, 'Puzzle, find the immoral 行為／行う,' but Bozo would not hear of it. He said that any policeman who saw it would move him on, and he would lose his pitch for good.

Below screevers come the people who sing hymns, or sell matches, or bootlaces, or envelopes 含む／封じ込めるing a few 穀物s of lavender—called, euphemistically, perfume. All these people are 率直に beggars, 偉業／利用するing an 外見 of 悲惨, and 非，不，無 of them takes on an 普通の／平均（する） more than half a 栄冠を与える a day. The 推論する／理由 why they have to pretend to sell matches and so 前へ／外へ instead of begging 完全な is that this is 需要・要求するd by the absurd English 法律s about begging. As the 法律 now stands, if you approach a stranger and ask him for twopence, he can call a policeman and get you seven days for begging. But if you make the 空気／公表する hideous by droning 'Nearer, my God, to Thee,' or scrawl some chalk daubs on the pavement, or stand about with a tray of matches—in short, if you make a nuisance of yourself—you are held to be に引き続いて a 合法的 貿易（する） and not begging. Match-selling and street-singing are 簡単に 合法化するd 罪，犯罪s. Not profitable 罪，犯罪s, however; there is not a singer or match-販売人 in London who can be sure of 50 続けざまに猛撃するs a year—a poor return for standing eighty-four hours a week on the kerb, with the cars grazing your backside.

It is 価値（がある） 説 something about the social position of beggars, for when one has consorted with them, and 設立する that they are ordinary human 存在s, one cannot help 存在 struck by the curious 態度 that society takes に向かって them. People seem to feel that there is some 必須の difference between beggars and ordinary 'working' men. They are a race apart—outcasts, like 犯罪のs and 売春婦s. Working men 'work', beggars do not 'work'; they are parasites, worthless in their very nature. It is taken for 認めるd that a beggar does not 'earn' his living, as a bricklayer or a literary critic 'earns' his. He is a mere social excrescence, 許容するd because we live in a humane age, but essentially despicable.

Yet if one looks closely one sees that there is no 必須の difference between a beggar's 暮らし and that of numberless respectable people. Beggars do not work, it is said; but, then, what is work? A navvy 作品 by swinging a 選ぶ. An accountant 作品 by 追加するing up 人物／姿／数字s. A beggar 作品 by standing out of doors in all 天候s and getting varicose veins, chronic bronchitis, etc. It is a 貿易（する） like any other; やめる useless, of course—but, then, many reputable 貿易（する）s are やめる useless. And as a social type a beggar compares 井戸／弁護士席 with 得点する／非難する／２０s of others. He is honest compared with the 販売人s of most 特許 薬／医学s, high-minded compared with a Sunday newspaper proprietor, amiable compared with a 雇う-購入（する） tout—in short, a parasite, but a 公正に／かなり 害のない parasite. He seldom 抽出するs more than a 明らかにする living from the community, and, what should 正当化する him によれば our 倫理的な ideas, he 支払う／賃金s for it over and over in 苦しむing. I do not think there is anything about a beggar that 始める，決めるs him in a different class from other people, or gives most modern men the 権利 to despise him.

Then the question arises, Why are beggars despised?—for they are despised, universally. I believe it is for the simple 推論する／理由 that they fail to earn a decent living. In practice nobody cares whether work is useful or useless, 生産力のある or parasitic; the 単独の thing 需要・要求するd is that it shall be profitable. In all the modern talk about energy, efficiency, social service and the 残り／休憩（する） of it, what meaning is there except 'Get money, get it 合法的に, and get a lot of it'? Money has become the grand 実験（する） of virtue. By this 実験（する） beggars fail, and for this they are despised. If one could earn even ten 続けざまに猛撃するs a week at begging, it would become a respectable profession すぐに. A beggar, looked at realistically, is 簡単に a 実業家, getting his living, like other businessmen, in the way that comes to 手渡す. He has not, more than most modern people, sold his honour; he has 単に made the mistake of choosing a 貿易（する） at which it is impossible to grow rich.

XXXII

I WANT to put in some 公式文書，認めるs, as short as possible, on London slang and 断言するing. These (omitting the ones that everyone knows) are some of the cant words now used in London:

A gagger—beggar or street performer of any 肉親，親類d. A moocher—one who begs 完全な, without pretence of doing a 貿易（する）. A nobbier—one who collects pennies for a beggar. A chanter—a street singer. A clodhopper —a street ダンサー. A mugfaker—a street photographer. A 微光—one who watches 空いている モーター-cars. A gee (or jee—it is pronounced jee)—the 共犯者 of a cheapjack, who 刺激するs 貿易（する） by pretending to buy something. A 分裂（する）—a 探偵，刑事. A flattie—a policeman. A dideki—a gypsy. A toby—a tramp.

A 減少（する）—money given to a beggar. Funkum—lavender or other perfume sold in envelopes. A boozer—a public-house. A slang—a hawker's licence. A kip—a place to sleep in, or a night's 宿泊するing. Smoke— London. A judy—a woman. The spike—the casual 区. The lump—the casual 区. A tosheroon—a half-栄冠を与える. A deaner—a shilling. A hog—a shilling. A sprowsie—a sixpence. Clods—巡査s. A 派手に宣伝する—a billy can. Shackles—soup. A 雑談（する）—a louse. Hard-up—タバコ made from cigarette ends. A stick or 茎—a 夜盗，押し込み強盗's jemmy. A peter—a 安全な. A bly—a 夜盗，押し込み強盗's oxy-acetylene blow-lamp.

To bawl—to suck or swallow. To knock off—to steal. To 船長／主将—to sleep in the open.

About half of these words are in the larger dictionaries. It is 利益／興味ing to guess at the derivation of some of them, though one or two—for instance, 'funkum' and 'tosheroon'—are beyond guessing. 'Deaner' 推定では comes from 'denier'. '微光' (with the verb 'to glim') may have something to do with the old word 'glim', meaning a light, or another old word 'glim', meaning a glimpse; but it is an instance of the 形式 of new words, for in its 現在の sense it can hardly be older than モーター-cars. 'Gee' is a curious word; conceivably it has arisen out of 'gee', meaning horse, in the sense of stalking horse. The derivation of 'screever' is mysterious. It must come 最終的に from scribo, but there has been no 類似の word in English for the past hundred and fifty years; nor can it have come 直接／まっすぐに from the French, for pavement artists are unknown in フラン. 'Judy' and 'bawl' are East End words, not 設立する west of Tower 橋（渡しをする）. 'Smoke' is a word used only by tramps. 'Kip' is Danish. Till やめる recently the word 'doss' was used in this sense, but it is now やめる obsolete.

London slang and dialect seem to change very 速く. The old London accent 述べるd by Dickens and Surtees, with v for w and w for v and so 前へ／外へ, has now 消えるd utterly. The Cockney accent as we know it seems to have come up in the 'forties (it is first について言及するd in an American 調書をとる／予約する, Herman Melville's White Jacket), and Cockney is already changing; there are few people now who say 'fice' for '直面する', 'nawce' for 'nice' and so 前へ／外へ as 終始一貫して as they did twenty years ago. The slang changes together with the accent. Twenty-five or thirty years ago, for instance, the 'rhyming slang' was all the 激怒（する） in London. In the 'rhyming slang' everything was 指名するd by something rhyming with it—a '攻撃する，衝突する or 行方不明になる' for a kiss, 'plates of meat' for feet, etc. It was so ありふれた that it was even 再生するd in novels; now it is almost extinct*. Perhaps all the words I have について言及するd above will have 消えるd in another twenty years.

[* It 生き残るs in 確かな abbreviations, such as 'use your twopenny' or 'use your 長，率いる.' 'Twopenny' is arrived at like this: 長，率いる—loaf of bread—twopenny loaf—twopenny]

The 断言する words also change—or, at any 率, they are 支配する to fashions. For example, twenty years ago the London working classes habitually used the word '血まみれの'. Now they have abandoned it utterly, though 小説家s still 代表する them as using it. No born Londoner (it is different with people of Scotch or Irish origin) now says '血まみれの', unless he is a man of some education. The word has, in fact, moved up in the social 規模 and 中止するd to be a 断言する word for the 目的s of the working classes. The 現在の London adjective, now tacked on to every noun, is ——. No 疑問 in time ——, like '血まみれの', will find its way into the 製図／抽選-room and be 取って代わるd by some other word.

The whole 商売／仕事 of 断言するing, 特に English 断言するing, is mysterious. Of its very nature 断言するing is as irrational as 魔法—indeed, it is a 種類 of 魔法. But there is also a paradox about it, すなわち this: Our 意向 in 断言するing is to shock and 負傷させる, which we do by について言及するing something that should be kept secret—usually something to do with the 性の 機能（する）／行事s. But the strange thing is that when a word is 井戸／弁護士席 設立するd as a 断言する word, it seems to lose its 初めの meaning; that is, it loses the thing that made it into a 断言する word. A word becomes an 誓い because it means a 確かな thing, and, because it has become an 誓い, it 中止するs to mean that thing. For example—. The Londoners do not now use, or very seldom use, this word in its 初めの meaning; it is on their lips from morning till night, but it is a mere expletive and means nothing. 類似して with—, which is 速く losing its 初めの sense. One can think of 類似の instances in French—for example—, which is now a やめる meaningless expletive.

The word—, also, is still used occasionally in Paris, but the people who use it, or most of them, have no idea of what it once meant. The 支配する seems to be that words 受託するd as 断言する words have some magical character, which 始める，決めるs them apart and makes them useless for ordinary conversation.

Words used as 侮辱s seem to be 治める／統治するd by the same paradox as 断言する words. A word becomes an 侮辱, one would suppose, because it means something bad; but in practice its 侮辱-value has little to do with its actual meaning. For example, the most bitter 侮辱 one can 申し込む／申し出 to a Londoner is 'bastard'—which, taken for what it means, is hardly an 侮辱 at all. And the worst 侮辱 to a woman, either in London or Paris, is 'cow'; a 指名する which might even be a compliment, for cows are の中で the most likeable of animals. Evidently a word is an 侮辱 簡単に because it is meant as an 侮辱, without 言及／関連 to its dictionary meaning; words, 特に 断言する words, 存在 what public opinion chooses to make them. In this connexion it is 利益／興味ing to see how a 断言する word can change character by crossing a frontier. In England you can print 'Je m'en fous' without 抗議する from anybody. In フラン you have to print it 'Je m'en f—'. Or, as another example, take the word 'barnshoot'—a 汚職 of the Hindustani word bahinchut. A vile and 許すことの出来ない 侮辱 in India, this word is a piece of gentle badinage in England. I have even seen it in a school text-調書をとる／予約する; it was in one of Aristophanes' plays, and the annotator 示唆するd it as a （判決などを）下すing of some gibberish spoken by a Persian 外交官／大使. 推定では the annotator knew what bahinchut meant. But, because it was a foreign word, it had lost its magical 断言する-word 質 and could be printed.

One other thing is noticeable about 断言するing in London, and that is that the men do not usually 断言する in 前線 of the women. In Paris it is やめる different. A Parisian workman may prefer to 抑える an 誓い in 前線 of a woman, but he is not at all scrupulous about it, and the women themselves 断言する 自由に. The Londoners are more polite, or more squeamish, in this 事柄.

These are a few 公式文書，認めるs that I have 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する more or いっそう少なく at 無作為の. It is a pity that someone 有能な of 取引，協定ing with the 支配する does not keep a year-調書をとる／予約する of London slang and 断言するing, 登録（する）ing the changes 正確に. It might throw useful light upon the 形式, 開発, and obsolescence of words.

XXXIII

THE two 続けざまに猛撃するs that B. had given me lasted about ten days. That it lasted so long was 予定 to 米，稲, who had learned parsimony on the road and considered even one sound meal a day a wild extravagance. Food, to him, had come to mean 簡単に bread and margarine—the eternal tea-and-two-slices, which will cheat hunger for an hour or two. He taught me how to live, food, bed, タバコ, and all, at the 率 of half a 栄冠を与える a day. And he managed to earn a few extra shillings by 'glimming' in the evenings. It was a 不安定な 職業, because 違法な, but it brought in a little and eked out our money.

One morning we tried for a 職業 as 挟む men. We went at five to an alley-way behind some offices, but there was already a 列 of thirty or forty men waiting, and after two hours we were told that there was no work for us. We had not 行方不明になるd much, for 挟む men have an unenviable 職業. They are paid about three shillings a day for ten hours' work—it is hard work, 特に in 風の強い 天候, and there is no skulking, for an 視察官 comes 一連の会議、交渉／完成する frequently to see that the men are on their （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域. To 追加する to their troubles, they are only engaged by the day, or いつかs for three days, never 週刊誌, so that they have to wait hours for their 職業 every morning. The number of 失業した men who are ready to do the work makes them 権力のない to fight for better 治療. The 職業 all 挟む men covet is 分配するing handbills, which is paid for at the same 率. When you see a man 分配するing handbills you can do him a good turn by taking one, for he goes off 義務 when he has 分配するd all his 法案s.

一方／合間 we went on with the 宿泊するing-house life—a squalid, eventless life of 鎮圧するing 退屈. For days together there was nothing to do but sit in the 地下組織の kitchen, reading yesterday's newspaper, or, when one could get 持つ／拘留する of it, a 支援する number of the Union Jack. It rained a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 at this time, and everyone who （機の）カム in Steamed, so that the kitchen stank horribly. One's only excitement was the 定期刊行物 tea-and-two-slices. I do not know how many men are living this life in London—it must be thousands at the least. As to 米，稲, it was 現実に the best life he had known for two years past. His interludes from tramping, the times when he had somehow laid 手渡すs on a few shillings, had all been like this; the tramping itself had been わずかに worse. Listening to his whimpering 発言する／表明する—he was always whimpering when he was not eating—one realized what 拷問 失業 must be to him. People are wrong when they think that an 失業した man only worries about losing his 給料; on the contrary, an 無学の man, with the work habit in his bones, needs work even more than he needs money. An educated man can put up with 施行するd idleness, which is one of the worst evils of poverty. But a man like 米，稲, with no means of filling up time, is as 哀れな out of work as a dog on the chain. That is why it is such nonsense to pretend that those who have 'come 負かす／撃墜する in the world' are to be pitied above all others. The man who really 長所s pity is the man who has been 負かす／撃墜する from the start, and 直面するs poverty with a blank, resourceless mind.

It was a dull 縁, and little of it stays in my mind, except for 会談 with Bozo. Once the 宿泊するing-house was 侵略するd by a slumming-party. 米，稲 and I had been out, and, coming 支援する in the afternoon, we heard sounds of music downstairs. We went 負かす／撃墜する to find three gentle-people, sleekly dressed, 持つ／拘留するing a 宗教的な service in our kitchen. They Were a 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な and reverend seignior in a frock coat, a lady sitting at a portable harmonium, and a chinless 青年 toying with a crucifix. It appeared that they had marched in and started to 持つ／拘留する the service, without any 肉親，親類d of 招待 whatever.

It was a 楽しみ to see how the lodgers met this 侵入占拠. They did not 申し込む／申し出 the smallest rudeness to the slummers; they just ignored them. By ありふれた 同意 everyone in the kitchen—a hundred men, perhaps—behaved as though the slummers had not 存在するd. There they stood 根気よく singing and exhorting, and no more notice was taken of them than if they had been earwigs. The gentleman in the frock coat preached a sermon, but not a word of it was audible; it was 溺死するd in the usual din of songs, 誓いs, and the clattering of pans. Men sat at their meals and card games three feet away from the harmonium, peaceably ignoring it. Presently the slummers gave it up and （疑いを）晴らすd out, not 侮辱d in any way, but 単に 無視（する）d. No 疑問 they consoled themselves by thinking how 勇敢に立ち向かう they had been, '自由に 投機・賭けるing into the lowest dens,' etc. etc.

Bozo said that these people （機の）カム to the 宿泊するing-house several times a month. They had 影響（力） with the police, and the '副' could not 除外する them. It is curious how people take it for 認めるd that they have a 権利 to preach at you and pray over you as soon as your income 落ちるs below a 確かな level.

After nine days B.'s two 続けざまに猛撃するs was 減ずるd to one and ninepence. 米，稲 and I 始める，決める aside eighteenpence for our beds, and spent threepence on the usual tea-and-two-slices, which we 株d—an appetizer rather than a meal. By the afternoon we were damnably hungry and 米，稲 remembered a church 近づく King's Cross 駅／配置する where a 解放する／自由な tea was given once a week to tramps. This was the day, and we decided to go there. Bozo, though it was 雨の 天候 and he was almost penniless, would not come, 説 that churches were not his style.

Outside the church やめる a hundred men were waiting, dirty types who had gathered from far and wide at the news of a 解放する／自由な tea, like 道具s 一連の会議、交渉／完成する a dead buffalo. Presently the doors opened and a clergyman and some girls shepherded us into a gallery at the 最高の，を越す of the church. It was an evangelical church, gaunt and wilfully ugly, with texts about 血 and 解雇する／砲火／射撃 blazoned on the 塀で囲むs, and a hymn-調書をとる／予約する 含む／封じ込めるing twelve hundred and fifty-one hymns; reading some of the hymns, I 結論するd that the 調書をとる／予約する would do as it stood for an anthology of bad 詩（を作る）. There was to be a service after the tea, and the 正規の／正選手 congregation were sitting in the 井戸／弁護士席 of the church below. It was a week-day, and there were only a few dozen of them, mostly stringy old women who reminded one of boiling-fowls. We 範囲d ourselves in the gallery pews and were given our tea; it was a one-続けざまに猛撃する jam-jar of tea each, with six slices of bread and margarine. As soon as tea was over, a dozen tramps who had 駅／配置するd themselves 近づく the door bolted to 避ける the service; the 残り／休憩（する） stayed, いっそう少なく from 感謝 than 欠如（する）ing the cheek to go.

The 組織／臓器 let out a few 予選 hoots and the service began. And 即時に, as though at a signal, the tramps began to misbehave in the most outrageous way. One would not have thought such scenes possible in a church. All 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the gallery men lolled in their pews, laughed, chattered, leaned over and flicked pellets of bread の中で the congregation; I had to 抑制する the man next to me, more or いっそう少なく by 軍隊, from lighting a cigarette. The tramps 扱う／治療するd the service as a 純粋に comic spectacle. It was, indeed, a 十分に ludicrous service—the 肉親，親類d where there are sudden yells of 'Hallelujah!' and endless extempore 祈りs—but their behaviour passed all bounds. There was one old fellow in the congregation—Brother Bootle or some such 指名する—who was often called on to lead us in 祈り, and whenever he stood up the tramps would begin stamping as though in a theatre; they said that on a previous occasion he had kept up an extempore 祈り for twenty-five minutes, until the 大臣 had interrupted him. Once when Brother Bootle stood up a tramp called out, 'Two to one 'e don't （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域 seven minutes!' so loud that the whole church must hear. It was not long before we were making far more noise than the 大臣. いつかs somebody below would send up an indignant 'Hush!' but it made no impression. We had 始める，決める ourselves to guy the service, and there was no stopping us.

It was a queer, rather disgusting scene. Below were the handful of simple, 井戸／弁護士席-meaning people, trying hard to worship; and above were the hundred men whom they had fed, deliberately making worship impossible. A （犯罪の）一味 of dirty, hairy 直面するs grinned 負かす／撃墜する from the gallery, 率直に jeering. What could a few women and old men do against a hundred 敵意を持った tramps? They were afraid of us, and we were 率直に いじめ（る）ing them. It was our 復讐 upon them for having humiliated us by feeding us.

The 大臣 was a 勇敢に立ち向かう man. He 雷鳴d 刻々と through a long sermon on Joshua, and managed almost to ignore the sniggers and chattering from above. But in the end, perhaps goaded beyond endurance, he 発表するd loudly:

'I shall 演説（する）／住所 the last five minutes of my sermon to the unsaved sinners!'

Having said which, he turned his 直面する to the gallery and kept it so for five minutes, lest there should be any 疑問 about who were saved and who unsaved. But much we cared! Even while the 大臣 was 脅すing hell 解雇する／砲火／射撃, we were rolling cigarettes, and at the last amen we clattered 負かす／撃墜する the stairs with a yell, many agreeing to come 支援する for another 解放する／自由な tea next week.

The scene had 利益／興味d me. It was so different from the ordinary demeanour of tramps—from the abject worm-like 感謝 with which they 普通は 受託する charity. The explanation, of course, was that we より数が多いd the congregation and so were not afraid of them. A man receiving charity 事実上 always hates his benefactor—it is a 直す／買収する，八百長をするd characteristic of human nature; and, when he has fifty or a hundred others to 支援する him, he will show it.

In the evening, after the 解放する／自由な tea, 米，稲 突然に earned another eighteenpence at 'glimming'. It was 正確に／まさに enough for another night's 宿泊するing, and we put it aside and went hungry till nine the next evening. Bozo, who might have given us some food, was away all day. The pavements were wet, and he had gone to the Elephant and 城, where he knew of a pitch under 避難所. Luckily I still had some タバコ, so that the day might have been worse.

At half past eight 米，稲 took me to the 堤防, where a clergyman was known to 分配する meal tickets once a week. Under Charing Cross 橋（渡しをする） fifty men were waiting, mirrored in the shivering puddles. Some of them were truly appalling 見本／標本s—they were 堤防 sleepers, and the 堤防 dredges up worse types than the spike. One of them, I remember, was dressed in an overcoat without buttons, laced up with rope, a pair of ragged trousers, and boots exposing his toes—not a rag else. He was bearded like a fakir, and he had managed to streak his chest and shoulders with some horrible 黒人／ボイコット filth 似ているing train oil. What one could see of his 直面する under the dirt and hair was bleached white as paper by some malignant 病気. I heard him speak, and he had a goodish accent, as of a clerk or shopwalker.

Presently the clergyman appeared and the men 範囲d themselves in a 列 in the order in which they had arrived. The clergyman was a nice, chubby, youngish man, and, curiously enough, very like Charlie, my friend in Paris. He was shy and embarrassed, and did not speak except for a 簡潔な／要約する good evening; he 簡単に hurried 負かす／撃墜する the line of men, thrusting a ticket upon each, and not waiting to be thanked. The consequence was that, for once, there was 本物の 感謝, and everyone said that the clergyman was a—good feller. Someone (in his 審理，公聴会, I believe) called out: '井戸／弁護士席, he'll never be a—bishop!'—this, of course, ーするつもりであるd as a warm compliment.

The tickets were 価値（がある） sixpence each, and were directed to an eating-house not far away. When we got there we 設立する that the proprietor, knowing that the tramps could not go どこかよそで, was cheating by only giving four pennyworth of food for each ticket. 米，稲 and I pooled our tickets, and received food which we could have got for sevenpence or eightpence at most coffee-shops. The clergyman had 分配するd 井戸／弁護士席 over a 続けざまに猛撃する in tickets, so that the proprietor was evidently 搾取するing the tramps to the tune of seven shillings or more a week. This 肉親，親類d of victimization is a 正規の／正選手 part of a tramp's life, and it will go on as long as people continue to give meal tickets instead of money.

米，稲 and I went 支援する to the 宿泊するing-house and, still hungry, loafed in the kitchen, making the warmth of the 解雇する／砲火／射撃 a 代用品，人 for food. At half-past ten Bozo arrived, tired out and haggard, for his mangled 脚 made walking an agony. He had not earned a penny at screeving, all the pitches under 避難所 存在 taken, and for several hours he had begged 完全な, with one 注目する，もくろむ on the policemen. He had amassed eightpence—a penny short of his kip. It was long past the hour for 支払う／賃金ing, and he had only managed to slip indoors when the 副 was not looking; at any moment he might be caught and turned out, to sleep on the 堤防. Bozo took the things out of his pockets and looked them over, 審議ing what to sell. He decided on his かみそり, took it 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the kitchen, and in a few minutes he had sold it for threepence—enough to 支払う／賃金 his kip, buy a 水盤／入り江 of tea, and leave a half-penny over.

Bozo got his 水盤／入り江 of tea and sat 負かす／撃墜する by the 解雇する／砲火／射撃 to 乾燥した，日照りの his 着せる／賦与するs. As he drank the tea I saw that he was laughing to himself, as though at some good joke. Surprised, I asked him what he had to laugh at.

'It's 血まみれの funny!' he said. 'It's funny enough for Punch. What do you think I been and done?'

'What?'

'Sold my かみそり without having a shave first: Of all the—fools!'

He had not eaten since the morning, had walked several miles with a 新たな展開d 脚, his 着せる／賦与するs were drenched, and he had a halfpenny between himself and 餓死. With all this, he could laugh over the loss of his かみそり. One could not help admiring him.

XXXIV

THE next morning, our money 存在 at an end, 米，稲 and I 始める，決める out for the spike. We went southward by the Old Kent Road, making for Cromley; we could not go to a London spike, for 米，稲 had been in one recently and did not care to 危険 going again. It was a sixteen-mile walk over asphalt, blistering to the heels, and we were acutely hungry. 米，稲 browsed the pavement, laying up a 蓄える／店 of cigarette ends against his time in the spike. In the end his perseverance was rewarded, for he 選ぶd up a penny. We bought a large piece of stale bread, and devoured it as we walked.

When we got to Cromley, it was too 早期に to go to the spike, and we walked several miles さらに先に, to a 農園 beside a meadow, where one could sit 負かす／撃墜する. It was a 正規の／正選手 caravanserai of tramps—one could tell it by the worn grass and the sodden newspaper and rusty cans that they had left behind. Other tramps were arriving by ones and twos. It was jolly autumn 天候. 近づく by, a 深い bed of tansies was growing; it seems to me that even now I can smell the sharp reek of those tansies, warring with the reek of tramps. In the meadow two carthorse colts, raw sienna colour with white manes and tails, were nibbling at a gate. We. sprawled about on the ground, sweaty and exhausted. Someone managed to find 乾燥した，日照りの sticks and get a 解雇する／砲火／射撃 going, and we all had milkless tea out of a tin '派手に宣伝する' which was passed 一連の会議、交渉／完成する.

Some of the tramps began telling stories. One of them, 法案, was an 利益／興味ing type, a 本物の sturdy beggar of the old 産む／飼育する, strong as Hercules and a frank 敵 of work. He 誇るd that with his 広大な／多数の／重要な strength he could get a navvying 職業 any time he liked, but as soon as he drew his first week's 給料 he went on a terrific drunk and was 解雇（する）d. Between whiles he 'mooched', 主として from shopkeepers. He talked like this:

'I ain't goin' far in—Kent. Kent's a tight 郡, Kent is. There's too many 貯蔵所' moochin' about 'ere. The—パン職人s get so as they'll throw their bread away sooner'n give it you. Now Oxford, that's the place for moochin', Oxford is. When I was in Oxford I mooched bread, and I mooched bacon, and I mooched beef, and every night I mooched tanners for my kip off of the students. The last night I was twopence short of my kip, so I goes up to a parson and mooches 'im for threepence. He give me threepence, and the next moment he turns 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and gives me in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 for beggin'. "You 貯蔵所 beggin'," the 巡査 says. "No I ain't," I says, "I was askin' the gentleman the time," I says. The 巡査 starts feelin' inside my coat, and he pulls out a 続けざまに猛撃する of meat and two loaves of bread. "井戸／弁護士席, what's all this, then?" he says. "You better come 'long to the 駅／配置する," he says. The beak give me seven days. I don't mooch from no more—parsons. But Christ! what do I care for a lay-up of seven days?' etc. etc.

It seemed that his whole life was this—a 一連の会議、交渉／完成する of mooching, drunks, and lay-ups. He laughed as he talked of it, taking it all for a tremendous joke. He looked as though he made a poor thing out of begging, for he wore only a corduroy 控訴, scarf, and cap—no socks or linen. Still, he was fat and jolly, and he even smelt of beer, a most unusual smell in a tramp nowadays.

Two of the tramps had been in Cromley spike recently, and they told a ghost story connected with it. Years earlier, they said, there had been a 自殺 there. A tramp had managed to 密輸する a かみそり into his 独房, and there 削減（する） his throat. In the morning, when the Tramp Major （機の）カム 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, the 団体／死体 was jammed against the door, and to open it they had to break the dead man's arm. In 復讐 for this, the dead man haunted his 独房, and anyone who slept there was 確かな to die within the year; there were copious instances, of course. If a 独房 door stuck when you tried to open it, you should 避ける that 独房 like the 疫病／悩ます, for it was the haunted one.

Two tramps, ex-sailors, told another grisly story. A man (they swore they had known him) had planned to stow away on a boat bound for Chile. It was laden with 製造（する）d goods packed in big 木造の crates, and with the help of a docker the 密航者 had managed to hide himself in one of these. But the docker had made a mistake about the order in which the crates were to be 負担d. The crane gripped the 密航者, swung him aloft, and deposited him—at the very 底（に届く） of the 持つ／拘留する, beneath hundreds of crates. No one discovered what had happened until the end of the voyage, when they 設立する the 密航者 rotting, dead of suffocation.

Another tramp told the story of Gilderoy, the Scottish robber. Gilderoy was the man who was 非難するd to be hanged, escaped, 逮捕（する）d the 裁判官 who had 宣告，判決d him, and (splendid fellow!) hanged him. The tramps liked the story, of course, but the 利益／興味ing thing was to see that they had got it all wrong. Their 見解／翻訳／版 was that Gilderoy escaped to America, 反して in reality he was 再度捕まえるd and put to death. The story had been 修正するd, no 疑問 deliberately; just as children 修正する the stories of Samson and コマドリ Hood, giving them happy endings which are やめる imaginary.

This 始める，決める the tramps talking about history, and a very old man 宣言するd that the 'one bite 法律' was a 生き残り from days when the nobles 追跡（する）d men instead of deer. Some of the others laughed at him, but he had the idea 会社／堅い in his 長，率いる. He had heard, too, of the Corn 法律s, and the jus primae noctis (he believed it had really 存在するd); also of the 広大な／多数の／重要な 反乱, which he thought was a 反乱 of poor against rich—perhaps he had got it mixed up with the 小作農民 反乱s. I 疑問 whether the old man could read, and certainly he was not repeating newspaper articles. His 捨てるs of history had been passed from 世代 to 世代 of tramps, perhaps for centuries in some 事例／患者s. It was oral tradition ぐずぐず残る on, like a faint echo from the Middle Ages.

米，稲 and I went to the spike at six in the evening, getting out at ten in the morning. It was much like Romton and Edbury, and we saw nothing of the ghost. の中で the casuals were two young men 指名するd William and Fred, ex-fishermen from Norfolk, a lively pair and fond of singing. They had a song called 'Unhappy Bella' that is 価値（がある） 令状ing 負かす／撃墜する. I heard them sing it half a dozen times during the next two days, and I managed to get it by heart, except a line or two which I have guessed. It ran:

Bella was young and Bella was fair
With 有望な blue 注目する，もくろむs and golden hair,
O unhappy Bella!
Her step was light and her heart was gay,
But she had no sense, and one 罰金 day
She got herself put in the family way
By a wicked, heartless, cruel deceiver.

Poor Bella was young, she didn't believe
That the world is hard and men deceive,
O unhappy Bella!
She said, 'My man will do what's just,
He'll marry me now, because he must';
Her heart was 十分な of loving 信用
In a wicked, heartless, cruel deceiver
.
She went to his house; that dirty skunk
Had packed his 捕らえる、獲得するs and done a bunk,
O unhappy Bella!
Her landlady said, 'Get out, you whore,
I won't have your sort a-darkening my door.'
Poor Bella was put to affliction sore
By a wicked, heartless, cruel deceiver.

All night she tramped the cruel snows,
What she must have 苦しむd nobody knows,
O unhappy Bella!
And when the morning 夜明けd so red,
式のs, 式のs, poor Bella was dead,
Sent so young to her lonely bed
By a wicked, heartless, cruel deceiver.

So thus, you see, do what you will,
The fruits of sin are 苦しむing still,
O unhappy Bella!
As into the 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な they laid her low,
The men said, '式のs, but life is so,'
But the women 詠唱するd, 甘い and low,
'It's all the men, the dirty bastards!'

Written by a woman, perhaps.

William and Fred, the singers of this song, were 徹底的な scallywags, the sort of men who get tramps a bad 指名する. They happened to know that the Tramp Major at Cromley had a 在庫／株 of old 着せる／賦与するs, which were to be given at need to casuals. Before going in William and Fred took off their boots, ripped the seams and 削減（する） pieces off the 単独のs, more or いっそう少なく 廃虚ing them. Then they 適用するd for two pairs of boots, and the Tramp Major, seeing how bad their boots were, gave them almost new pairs. William and Fred were scarcely outside the spike in the morning before they had sold these boots for one and ninepence. It seemed to them やめる 価値（がある） while, for one and ninepence, to make their own boots 事実上 unwearable.

Leaving the spike, we all started southward, a long slouching 行列, for Lower Binfield and Ide Hill. On the way there was a fight between two of the tramps. They had quarrelled 夜通し (there was some silly casus belli about one 説 to the other, 'Bull shit', which was taken for Bolshevik—a deadly 侮辱), and they fought it out in a field. A dozen of us stayed to watch them. The scene sticks in my mind for one thing—the man who was beaten going 負かす／撃墜する, and his cap 落ちるing off and showing that his hair was やめる white. After that some of us 介入するd and stopped the fight. 米，稲 had 一方／合間 been making 調査s, and 設立する that the real 原因（となる） of the quarrel was, as usual, a few pennyworth of food.

We got to Lower Binfield やめる 早期に, and 米，稲 filled in the time by asking for work at 支援する doors. At one house he was given some boxes to chop up for firewood, and, 説 he had a mate outside, he brought me in and we did the work together. When it was done the householder told the maid to take us out a cup of tea. I remember the terrified way in which she brought it out, and then, losing her courage, 始める，決める the cups 負かす／撃墜する on the path and bolted 支援する to the house, shutting herself in the kitchen. So dreadful is the 指名する of 'tramp'. They paid us sixpence each, and we bought a threepenny loaf and half an ounce of タバコ, leaving fivepence.

米，稲 thought it wiser to bury our fivepence, for the Tramp Major at Lower Binfield was renowned as a tyrant and might 辞退する to 収容する／認める us if we had any money at all. It is やめる a ありふれた practice of tramps to bury their money. If they ーするつもりである to 密輸する at all a large sum into the spike they 一般に sew it into their 着せる／賦与するs, which may mean 刑務所，拘置所 if they are caught, of course. 米，稲 and Bozo used to tell a good story about this. An Irishman (Bozo said it was an Irishman; 米，稲 said an Englishman), not a tramp, and in 所有／入手 of thirty 続けざまに猛撃するs, was 立ち往生させるd in a small village where he could not get a bed. He 協議するd a tramp, who advised him to go to the workhouse. It is やめる a 正規の／正選手 訴訟／進行, if one cannot get a bed どこかよそで, to get one at the workhouse, 支払う／賃金ing a reasonable sum for it. The Irishman, however, thought he would be clever and get a bed for nothing, so he 現在のd himself at the workhouse as an ordinary casual. He had sewn the thirty 続けざまに猛撃するs into his 着せる／賦与するs. 一方／合間 the tramp who had advised him had seen his chance, and that night he 個人として asked the Tramp Major for 許可 to leave the spike 早期に in the morning, as he had to see about a 職業. At six in the morning he was 解放（する）d and went out—in the Irishman's 着せる／賦与するs. The Irishman complained of the 窃盗, and was given thirty days for going into a casual 区 under 誤った pretences.

XXXV

ARRIVED at Lower Binfield, we sprawled for a long time on the green, watched by cottagers from their 前線 gates. A clergyman and his daughter （機の）カム and 星／主役にするd silently at us for a while, as though we had been 水槽 fishes, and then went away again. There were several dozen of us waiting. William and Fred were there, still singing, and the men who had fought, and 法案 the moocher. He had been mooching from パン職人s, and had 量s of stale bread tucked away between his coat and his 明らかにする 団体／死体. He 株d it out, and we were all glad of it. There was a woman の中で us, the first woman tramp I had ever seen. She was a fattish, 乱打するd, very dirty woman of sixty, in a long, 追跡するing 黒人／ボイコット skirt. She put on 広大な／多数の／重要な 空気／公表するs of dignity, and if anyone sat 負かす／撃墜する 近づく her she 匂いをかぐd and moved さらに先に off.

'Where you bound for, missis?' one of the tramps called to her.

The woman 匂いをかぐd and looked into the distance.

'Come on, missis,' he said, '元気づける up. Be chummy. We're all in the same boat 'ere.'

'Thank you,' said the woman 激しく, 'when I want to get mixed up with a 始める，決める of tramps, I'll let you know.'

I enjoyed the way she said tramps. It seemed to show you in a flash the whole other soul; a small, blinkered, feminine soul, that had learned 絶対 nothing from years on the road. She was, no 疑問, a respectable 未亡人 woman, become a tramp through some grotesque 事故.

The spike opened at six. This was Saturday, and we were to be 限定するd over the week-end, which is the usual practice; why, I do not know, unless it is from a vague feeling that Sunday 長所s something disagreeable. When we 登録（する）d I gave my 貿易（する） as '新聞記者／雑誌記者'. It was truer than 'painter', for I had いつかs earned money from newspaper articles, but it was a silly thing to say, 存在 bound to lead to questions. As soon as we were inside the spike and had been lined up for the search, the Tramp Major called my 指名する. He was a stiff, soldierly man of forty, not looking the いじめ（る） he had been 代表するd, but with an old 兵士's gruffness. He said はっきりと:

'Which of you is Blank?' (I forget what 指名する I had given.)

'Me, sir.'

'So you are a 新聞記者／雑誌記者?'

'Yes, sir,' I said, 地震ing. A few questions would betray the fact that I had been lying, which might mean 刑務所，拘置所. But the Tramp Major only looked me up and 負かす／撃墜する and said:

'Then you are a gentleman?'

'I suppose so.'

He gave me another long look. '井戸／弁護士席, that's 血まみれの bad luck, guv'nor,' he said; '血まみれの bad luck that is.' And thereafter he 扱う／治療するd me with 不公平な favouritism, and even with a 肉親，親類d of deference. He did not search me, and in the bathroom he 現実に gave me a clean towel to myself—an unheard-of 高級な. So powerful is the word 'gentleman' in an old 兵士's ear.

By seven we had wolfed our bread and tea and were in our 独房s. We slept one in a 独房, and there were bedsteads and straw palliasses, so that one せねばならない have had a good night's sleep. But no spike is perfect, and the peculiar shortcoming at Lower Binfield was the 冷淡な. The hot 麻薬を吸うs were not working, and the two 一面に覆う／毛布s we had been given were thin cotton things and almost useless. It was only autumn, but the 冷淡な was bitter. One spent the long twelve-hour night in turning from 味方する to 味方する, 落ちるing asleep for a few minutes and waking up shivering. We could not smoke, for our タバコ, which we had managed to 密輸する in, was in our 着せる／賦与するs and we should not get these 支援する till the morning. All 負かす／撃墜する the passage one could hear groaning noises, and いつかs a shouted 誓い. No one, I imagine, got more than an hour or two of sleep.

In the morning, after breakfast and the doctor's 査察, the Tramp Major herded us all into the dining-room and locked the door upon us. It was a limewashed, 石／投石する-床に打ち倒すd room, unutterably dreary, with its furniture of 取引，協定 boards and （法廷の）裁判s, and its 刑務所，拘置所 smell. The 閉めだした windows were too high to look out of, and there were no ornaments save a clock and a copy of the workhouse 支配するs. Packed 肘 to 肘 on the （法廷の）裁判s, we were bored already, though it was barely eight in the morning. There was nothing to do, nothing to talk about, not even room to move. The 単独の なぐさみ was that one could smoke, for smoking was connived at so long as one was not caught in the 行為／法令／行動する. Scotty, a little hairy tramp with a bastard accent sired by Cockney out of Glasgow, was tobaccoless, his tin of cigarette ends having fallen out of his boot during the search and been impounded. I stood him the makings of a cigarette. We smoked furtively, thrusting our cigarettes into our pockets, like schoolboys, when we heard the Tramp Major coming.

Most of the tramps spent ten continuous hours in this comfortless, soulless room. Heaven knows how they put up with it. I was luckier than the others, for at ten o'clock the Tramp Major told off a few men for 半端物 職業s, and he 選ぶd me out to help in the workhouse kitchen, the most coveted 職業 of all. This, like the clean towel, was a charm worked by the word 'gentleman'.

There was no work to do in the kitchen, and I こそこそ動くd off into a small shed used for 蓄える／店ing potatoes, where some workhouse paupers were skulking to 避ける the Sunday morning service. There were comfortable packing-事例／患者s to sit on, and some 支援する numbers of the Family 先触れ（する）, and even a copy of Raffles from the workhouse library. The paupers talked interestingly about workhouse life. They told me, の中で other things, that the thing really hated in the workhouse, as a stigma of charity, is the uniform; if the men could wear their own 着せる／賦与するs, or even their own caps and scarves, they would not mind 存在 paupers. I had my dinner from the workhouse （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, and it was a meal fit for a boa-constrictor—the largest meal I had eaten since my first day at the Hôtel X. The paupers said that they habitually gorged to the bursting-point on Sunday and were underfed the 残り／休憩（する） of the week. After dinner the cook 始める，決める me to do the washing up, and told me to throw away the food that remained. The wastage was astonishing and, in the circumstances, appalling. Half-eaten 共同のs of meat, and bucketfuls of broken bread and vegetables, were pitched away like so much rubbish and then defiled with tea-leaves. I filled five dustbins to 洪水ing with やめる eatable food. And while I did so fifty tramps were sitting in the spike with their bellies half filled by the spike dinner of bread and cheese, and perhaps two 冷淡な boiled potatoes each in honour of Sunday. によれば the paupers, the food was thrown away from 審議する／熟考する 政策, rather than that it should be given to the tramps.

At three I went 支援する to the spike. The tramps had been sitting there since eight, with hardly room to move an 肘, and they were now half mad with 退屈. Even smoking was at an end, for a tramp's タバコ is 選ぶd-up cigarette ends, and he 餓死するs if he is more than a few hours away from the pavement. Most of the men were too bored even to talk; they just sat packed on the （法廷の）裁判s, 星／主役にするing at nothing, their scrubby 直面するs 分裂（する） in two by enormous yawns. The room stank of ennui.

米，稲, his backside aching from the hard （法廷の）裁判, was in a whimpering mood, and to pass the time away I talked with a rather superior tramp, a young carpenter who wore a collar and tie and was on the road, he said, for 欠如（する） of a 始める，決める of 道具s. He kept a little aloof from the other tramps, and held himself more like a 解放する／自由な man than a casual. He had literary tastes, too, and carried a copy of Quentin Durward in his pocket. He told me that he never went into a spike unless driven there by hunger, sleeping under hedges and behind ricks in preference. Along the south coast he had begged by day and slept in bathing-huts for weeks at a time.

We talked of life on the road. He 非難するd the system that makes a tramp spend fourteen hours a day in the spike, and the other ten in walking and dodging the police. He spoke of his own 事例／患者—six months at the public 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 for want of a few 続けざまに猛撃するs' 価値（がある） of 道具s. It was idiotic, he said.

Then I told him about the wastage of food in the workhouse kitchen, and what I thought of it. And at that he changed his トン 即時に. I saw that I had awakened the pew-renter who sleeps in every English workman. Though he had been famished along with the others, he at once saw 推論する／理由s why the food should have been thrown away rather that given to the tramps. He admonished me やめる 厳しく.

'They have to do it,' he said. 'If they made these places too comfortable, you'd have all the scum of the country flocking into them. It's only the bad food as keeps all that scum away. These here tramps are too lazy to work, that's all that's wrong with them. You don't want to go encouraging of them. They're scum.'

I produced arguments to 証明する him wrong, but he would not listen. He kept repeating:

'You don't want to have any pity on these here tramps—scum, they are. You don't want to 裁判官 them by the same 基準s as men like you and me. They're scum, just scum.'

It was 利益／興味ing to see the subtle way in which he disassociated himself from 'these here tramps'. He had been on the road six months, but in the sight of God, he seemed to 暗示する, he was not a tramp. I imagine there are やめる a lot of tramps who thank God they are not tramps. They are like the trippers who say such cutting things about trippers.

Three hours dragged by. At six supper arrived, and turned out to be やめる uneatable; the bread, 堅い enough in the morning (it had been 削減（する） into slices on Saturday night), was now as hard as ship's 薄焼きパン／素焼陶器. Luckily it was spread with dripping, and we 捨てるd the dripping off and ate that alone, which was better than nothing. At a ４半期/4分の1 past six we were sent to bed. New tramps were arriving, and in order not to mix the tramps of different days (for 恐れる of 感染性の 病気s) the new men were put in the 独房s and we in 寄宿舎s. Our 寄宿舎 was a barn-like room with thirty beds の近くに together, and a tub to serve as a ありふれた 議会-マリファナ. It stank abominably, and the older men coughed and got up all night. But 存在 so many together kept the room warm, and we had some sleep.

We 分散させるd at ten in the morning, after a fresh 医療の 査察, with a hunk of bread and cheese for our midday dinner. William and Fred, strong in the 所有／入手 of a shilling, impaled their bread on the spike railings—as a 抗議する, they said. This was the second spike in Kent that they had made too hot to 持つ／拘留する them, and they thought it a 広大な／多数の／重要な joke. They were cheerful souls, for tramps. The imbecile (there is an imbecile in every collection of tramps) said that he was too tired to walk and clung to the railings, until the Tramp Major had to dislodge him and start him with a kick. 米，稲 and I turned north, for London. Most of the others were going on to Ide Hill, said to be about the worst spike in England*.

[* I have been in it since, and it is not so bad.]

Once again it was jolly autumn 天候, and the road was 静かな, with few cars passing. The 空気／公表する was like 甘い-briar after the spike's mingled stenches of sweat, soap, and drains. We two seemed the only tramps on the road. Then I heard a hurried step behind us, and someone calling. It was little Scotty, the Glasgow tramp, who had run after us panting. He produced a rusty tin from his pocket. He wore a friendly smile, like someone 返すing an 義務.

'Here y'are, mate,' he said cordially. 'I 借りがある you some fag ends. You stood me a smoke yesterday. The Tramp Major give me 支援する my box of fag ends when we come out this morning. One good turn deserves another—here y'are.'

And he put four sodden, debauched, loathly cigarette ends into my 手渡す.

XXXVI

I WANT to 始める，決める 負かす／撃墜する some general 発言／述べるs about tramps. When one comes to think of it, tramps are a queer 製品 and 価値（がある） thinking over. It is queer that a tribe of men, tens of thousands in number, should be marching up and 負かす／撃墜する England like so many Wandering Jews. But though the 事例／患者 明白に wants considering, one cannot even start to consider it until one has got rid of 確かな prejudices. These prejudices are rooted in the idea that every tramp, ipso facto, is a blackguard. In childhood we have been taught that tramps are blackguards, and その結果 there 存在するs in our minds a sort of ideal or typical tramp—a repulsive, rather dangerous creature, who would die rather than work or wash, and wants nothing but to beg, drink, and 略奪する 女／おっせかい屋-houses. This tramp-monster is no truer to life than the 悪意のある Chinaman of the magazine stories, but he is very hard to get rid of. The very word 'tramp' evokes his image. And the belief in him obscures the real questions of vagrancy.

To take a 根底となる question about vagrancy: Why do tramps 存在する at all? It is a curious thing, but very few people know what makes a tramp take to the road. And, because of the belief in the tramp-monster, the most fantastic 推論する／理由s are 示唆するd. It is said, for instance, that tramps tramp to 避ける work, to beg more easily, to 捜し出す 適切な時期s for 罪，犯罪, even—least probable of 推論する／理由s—because they like tramping. I have even read in a 調書をとる／予約する of criminology that the tramp is an atavism, a throw-支援する to the nomadic 行う／開催する／段階 of humanity. And 一方／合間 the やめる obvious 原因（となる） of vagrancy is 星／主役にするing one in the 直面する. Of course a tramp is not a nomadic atavism—one might 同様に say that a 商業の traveller is an atavism. A tramp tramps, not because he likes it, but for the same 推論する／理由 as a car keeps to the left; because there happens to be a 法律 説得力のある him to do so. A destitute man, if he is not supported by the parish, can only get 救済 at the casual 区s, and as each casual 区 will only 収容する／認める him for one night, he is automatically kept moving. He is a 浮浪者 because, in the 明言する／公表する of the 法律, it is that or 餓死する. But people have been brought up to believe in the tramp-monster, and so they prefer to think that there must be some more or いっそう少なく villainous 動機 for tramping.

As a 事柄 of fact, very little of the tramp-monster will 生き残る 調査. Take the 一般に 受託するd idea that tramps are dangerous characters. やめる apart from experience, one can say a priori that very few tramps are dangerous, because if they were dangerous they would be 扱う／治療するd accordingly. A casual 区 will often 収容する／認める a hundred tramps in one night, and these are 扱うd by a staff of at most three porters. A hundred ruffians could not be controlled by three 非武装の men. Indeed, when one sees how tramps let themselves be いじめ（る）d by the workhouse 公式の／役人s, it is obvious that they are the most docile, broken-spirited creatures imaginable. Or take the idea that all tramps are drunkards—an idea ridiculous on the 直面する of it. No 疑問 many tramps would drink if they got the chance, but in the nature of things they cannot get the chance. At this moment a pale watery stuff called beer is sevenpence a pint in England. To be drunk on it would cost at least half a 栄冠を与える, and a man who can 命令（する） half a 栄冠を与える at all often is not a tramp. The idea that tramps are impudent social parasites ('sturdy beggars') is not 絶対 unfounded, but it is only true in a few per cent of the 事例／患者s. 審議する／熟考する, 冷笑的な parasitism, such as one reads of in Jack London's 調書をとる／予約するs on American tramping, is not in the English character. The English are a 良心-ridden race, with a strong sense of the sinfulness of poverty. One cannot imagine the 普通の／平均（する） Englishman deliberately turning parasite, and this 国家の character does not やむを得ず change because a man is thrown out of work. Indeed, if one remembers that a tramp is only an Englishman out of work, 軍隊d by 法律 to live as a vagabond, then the tramp-monster 消えるs. I am not 説, of course, that most tramps are ideal characters; I am only 説 that they are ordinary human 存在s, and that if they are worse than other people it is the result and not the 原因（となる） of their way of life.

It follows that the 'Serve them damned 井戸／弁護士席 権利' 態度 that is 普通は taken に向かって tramps is no fairer than it would be に向かって 手足を不自由にする／（物事を）損なうs or 無効のs. When one has realized that, one begins to put oneself in a tramp's place and understand what his life is like. It is an extraordinarily futile, acutely unpleasant life. I have 述べるd the casual 区—the 決まりきった仕事 of a tramp's day—but there are three especial evils that need 主張するing upon. The first is hunger, which is the almost general 運命／宿命 of tramps. The casual 区 gives them a ration which is probably not even meant to be 十分な, and anything beyond this must be got by begging—that is, by breaking the 法律. The result is that nearly every tramp is rotted by 栄養不良; for proof of which one need only look at the men lining up outside any casual 区. The second 広大な／多数の／重要な evil of a tramp's life—it seems much smaller at first sight, but it is a good second—is that he is 完全に 削減（する） off from 接触する with women. This point needs (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述するing.

Tramps are 削減（する） off from women, in the first place, because there are very few women at their level of society. One might imagine that の中で destitute people the sexes would be as 平等に balanced as どこかよそで. But it is not so; in fact, one can almost say that below a 確かな level society is 完全に male. The に引き続いて 人物／姿／数字s, published by the L.C.C. from a night 国勢（人口）調査 taken on February 13th, 1931, will show the 親族 numbers of destitute men and destitute women:

Spending the night in the streets, 60 men, 18 women*. In 避難所s and homes not licensed as ありふれた 宿泊するing-houses, 1,057 men, 137 women. In the crypt of St ツバメ's-in-the-Fields Church, 88 men, 12 women. In L.C.C. casual 区s and 宿泊所s, 674 men, 15 women.

[* This must be an underestimate. Still, the 割合s probably 持つ／拘留する good.]

It will be seen from these 人物／姿／数字s that at the charity level men より数が多い women by something like ten to one. The 原因（となる） is 推定では that 失業 影響する／感情s women いっそう少なく than men; also that any presentable woman can, in the last 訴える手段／行楽地, attach herself to some man. The result, for a tramp, is that he is 非難するd to perpetual celibacy. For of course it goes without 説 that if a tramp finds no women at his own level, those above—even a very little above—are as far out of his reach as the moon. The 推論する／理由s are not 価値（がある） discussing, but there is no 疑問 that women never, or hardly ever, condescend to men who are much poorer than themselves. A tramp, therefore, is a celibate from the moment when he takes to the road. He is 絶対 without hope of getting a wife, a mistress, or any 肉親，親類d of woman except—very rarely, when he can raise a few shillings—a 売春婦.

It is obvious what the results of this must be: homosexuality, for instance, and 時折の 強姦 事例／患者s. But deeper than these there is the degradation worked in a man who knows that he is not even considered fit for marriage. The 性の impulse, not to put it any higher, is a 根底となる impulse, and 餓死 of it can be almost as demoralizing as physical hunger. The evil of poverty is not so much that it makes a man 苦しむ as that it rots him 肉体的に and spiritually. And there can be no 疑問 that 性の 餓死 与える／捧げるs to this rotting 過程. 削減（する） off from the whole race of women, a tramp feels himself degraded to the 階級 of a 手足を不自由にする／（物事を）損なう or a lunatic. No humiliation could do more 損失 to a man's self-尊敬（する）・点.

The other 広大な／多数の／重要な evil of a tramp's life is 施行するd idleness. By our vagrancy 法律s things are so arranged that when he is not walking the road he is sitting in a 独房; or, in the intervals, lying on the ground waiting for the casual 区 to open. It is obvious that this is a dismal, demoralizing way of life, 特に for an uneducated man.

Besides these one could enumerate 得点する／非難する／２０s of minor evils—to 指名する only one, 不快, which is inseparable from life on the road; it is 価値（がある） remembering that the 普通の／平均（する） tramp has no 着せる／賦与するs but what he stands up in, wears boots that are ill-fitting, and does not sit in a 議長，司会を務める for months together. But the important point is that a tramp's sufferings are 完全に useless. He lives a fantastically disagreeable life, and lives it to no 目的 whatever. One could not, in fact, invent a more futile 決まりきった仕事 than walking from 刑務所，拘置所 to 刑務所，拘置所, spending perhaps eighteen hours a day in the 独房 and on the road. There must be at the least several tens of thousands of tramps in England. Each day they expend innumerable foot-続けざまに猛撃するs of energy—enough to plough thousands of acres, build miles of road, put up dozens of houses—in mere, useless walking. Each day they waste between them かもしれない ten years of time in 星／主役にするing at 独房 塀で囲むs. They cost the country at least a 続けざまに猛撃する a week a man, and give nothing in return for it. They go 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, on an endless boring game of general 地位，任命する, which is of no use, and is not even meant to be of any use to any person whatever. The 法律 keeps this 過程 going, and we have got so accustomed to it that We are not surprised. But it is very silly.

認めるing the futility of a tramp's life, the question is whether anything could be done to 改善する it. 明白に it would be possible, for instance, to make the casual 区s a little more habitable, and this is 現実に 存在 done in some 事例／患者s. During the last year some of the casual 区s have been 改善するd—beyond 承認, if the accounts are true—and there is talk of doing the same to all of them. But this does not go to the heart of the problem. The problem is how to turn the tramp from a bored, half alive 浮浪者 into a self-尊敬（する）・点ing human 存在. A mere 増加する of 慰安 cannot do this. Even if the casual 区s became 前向きに／確かに luxurious (they never will)* a tramp's life would still be wasted. He would still be a pauper, 削減（する） off from marriage and home life, and a dead loss to the community. What is needed is to depauperize him, and this can only be done by finding him work—not work for the sake of working, but work of which he can enjoy the 利益. At 現在の, in the 広大な／多数の／重要な 大多数 of casual 区s, tramps do no work whatever. At one time they were made to break 石／投石するs for their food, but this was stopped when they had broken enough 石／投石する for years ahead and put the 石／投石する-breakers out of work. Nowadays they are kept idle, because there is seemingly nothing for them to do. Yet there is a 公正に／かなり obvious way of making them useful, すなわち this: Each workhouse could run a small farm, or at least a kitchen garden, and every able-団体／死体d tramp who 現在のd himself could be made to do a sound day's work. The produce of the farm or garden could be used for feeding the tramps, and at the worst it would be better than the filthy diet of bread and margarine and tea. Of course, the casual 区s could never be やめる self-supporting, but they could go a long way に向かって it, and the 率s would probably 利益 in the long run. It must be remembered that under the 現在の system tramps are as dead a loss to the country as they could かもしれない be, for they do not only do no work, but they live on a diet that is bound to 土台を崩す their health; the system, therefore, loses lives 同様に as money. A 計画／陰謀 which fed them decently, and made them produce at least a part of their own food, would be 価値（がある） trying.

[* In fairness, it must be 追加するd that a few of the casual 区s have been 改善するd recently, at least from the point of 見解（をとる） of sleeping accommodation. But most of them are the same as ever, and there has been no real 改良 in the food.]

It may be 反対するd that a farm or even a garden could not be run with casual 労働. But there is no real 推論する／理由 why tramps should only stay a day at each casual 区; they might stay a month or even a year, if there were work for them to do. The constant 循環／発行部数 of tramps is something やめる 人工的な. At 現在の a tramp is an expense to the 率s, and the 反対する of each workhouse is therefore to 押し進める him on to the next; hence the 支配する that he can stay only one night. If he returns within a month he is penalized by 存在 限定するd for a week, and, as this is much the same as 存在 in 刑務所，拘置所, 自然に he keeps moving. But if he 代表するd 労働 to the workhouse, and the workhouse 代表するd sound food to him, it would be another 事柄. The workhouses would develop into 部分的に／不公平に self-supporting 会・原則s, and the tramps, settling 負かす／撃墜する here or there （許可，名誉などを）与えるing as they were needed, would 中止する to be tramps. They would be doing something comparatively useful, getting decent food, and living a settled life. By degrees, if the 計画／陰謀 worked 井戸／弁護士席, they might even 中止する to be regarded as paupers, and be able to marry and take a respectable place in society.

This is only a rough idea, and there are some obvious 反対s to it. にもかかわらず, it does 示唆する a way of 改善するing the status of tramps without piling new 重荷（を負わせる）s on the 率s. And the 解答 must, in any 事例／患者, be something of this 肉親，親類d. For the question is, what to do with men who are underfed and idle; and the answer—to make them grow their own food—課すs itself automatically.

XXXVII

A WORD about the sleeping accommodation open to a homeless person in London. At 現在の it is impossible to get a bed in any 非，不，無-charitable 会・原則 in London for いっそう少なく than sevenpence a night. If you cannot afford seven-pence for a bed, you must put up with one of the に引き続いて 代用品，人s:

1. The 堤防. Here is the account that 米，稲 gave me of sleeping on the 堤防:

'De whole t'ing wid de 堤防 is gettin' to sleep 早期に. You got to be on your （法廷の）裁判 by eight o'clock, because dere ain't too many （法廷の）裁判s and いつかs dey're all taken. And you got to try to get to sleep at once. 'Tis too 冷淡な to sleep much after twelve o'clock, an' de police turns you off at four in de mornin'. It ain't 平易な to sleep, dough, wid dem 血まみれの trams flyin' past your 長，率いる all de time, an' dem sky-調印するs across de river flickin' on an' off in your 注目する，もくろむs. De 冷淡な's cruel. Dem as sleeps dere 一般に 包むs demselves up in newspaper, but it don't do much good. You'd be 血まみれの lucky if you got t'ree hours' sleep.'

I have slept on the 堤防 and 設立する that it corresponded to 米，稲's description. It is, however, much better than not sleeping at all, which is the 代案／選択肢 if you spend the night in the streets, どこかよそで than on the 堤防. によれば the 法律 in London, you may sit 負かす／撃墜する for the night, but the police must move you on if they see you asleep; the 堤防 and one or two 半端物 corners (there is one behind the Lyceum Theatre) are special exceptions. This 法律 is evidently a piece of wilful offensiveness. Its 反対する, so it is said, is to 妨げる people from dying of （危険などに）さらす; but 明確に if a man has no home and is going to die of （危険などに）さらす, die he will, asleep or awake. In Paris there is no such 法律. There, people sleep by the 得点する／非難する／２０ under the Seine 橋（渡しをする）s, and in doorways, and on （法廷の）裁判s in the squares, and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the ventilating 軸s of the Métro, and even inside the Métro 駅／配置するs. It does no 明らかな 害（を与える）. No one will spend a night in the street if he can かもしれない help it, and if he is going to stay out of doors he might 同様に be 許すd to sleep, if he can.

2. The Twopenny Hangover. This comes a little higher than the 堤防. At the Twopenny Hangover, the lodgers sit in a 列／漕ぐ／騒動 on a （法廷の）裁判; there is a rope in 前線 of them, and they lean on this as though leaning over a 盗品故買者. A man, humorously called the valet, 削減（する）s the rope at five in the morning. I have never been there myself, but Bozo had been there often. I asked him whether anyone could かもしれない sleep in such an 態度, and he said that it was more comfortable than it sounded—at any 率, better than 明らかにする 床に打ち倒す. There are 類似の 避難所s in Paris, but the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 there is only twenty-five centimes (a halfpenny) instead of twopence.

3. The 棺, at fourpence a night. At the 棺 you sleep in a 木造の box, with a tarpaulin for covering. It is 冷淡な, and the worst thing about it are the bugs, which, 存在 enclosed in a box, you cannot escape.

Above this come the ありふれた 宿泊するing-houses, with 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s 変化させるing between sevenpence and one and a penny a night. The best are the Rowton Houses, where the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 is a shilling, for which you get a cubicle to yourself, and the use of excellent bathrooms. You can also 支払う／賃金 half a 栄冠を与える for a 'special', which is 事実上 hotel accommodation. The Rowton Houses are splendid buildings, and the only 反対 to them is the strict discipline, with 支配するs against cooking, card-playing, etc. Perhaps the best 宣伝 for the Rowton Houses is the fact that they are always 十分な to 洪水ing. The Bruce Houses, at one and a penny, are also excellent.

Next best, in point of cleanliness, are the 救済 Army 宿泊所s, at sevenpence or eightpence. They 変化させる (I have been in one or two that were not very unlike ありふれた 宿泊するing-houses), but most of them are clean, and they have good bathrooms; you have to 支払う／賃金 extra for a bath, however. You can get a cubicle for a shilling. In the eightpenny 寄宿舎s the beds are comfortable, but there are so many of them (as a 支配する at least forty to a room), and so の近くに together, that it is impossible to get a 静かな night. The 非常に／多数の 制限s stink of 刑務所，拘置所 and charity. The 救済 Army 宿泊所s would only 控訴，上告 to people who put cleanliness before anything else.

Beyond this there are the ordinary ありふれた 宿泊するing-houses. Whether you 支払う／賃金 sevenpence or a shilling, they are all stuffy and noisy, and the beds are uniformly dirty and uncomfortable. What redeems them are their laissez-faire atmosphere and the warm home-like kitchens where one can lounge at all hours of the day or night. They are squalid dens, but some 肉親，親類d of social life is possible in them. The women's 宿泊するing-houses are said to be 一般に worse than the men's, and there are very few houses with accommodation for married couples. In fact, it is nothing out of the ありふれた for a homeless man to sleep in one 宿泊するing-house and his wife in another.

At this moment at least fifteen thousand people in London are living in ありふれた 宿泊するing-houses. For an unattached man 収入 two 続けざまに猛撃するs a week, or いっそう少なく, a 宿泊するing-house is a 広大な／多数の／重要な convenience. He could hardly get a furnished room so cheaply, and the 宿泊するing-house gives him 解放する／自由な 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing, a bathroom of sorts, and plenty of society. As for the dirt, it is a minor evil. The really bad fault of 宿泊するing-houses is that they are places in which one 支払う／賃金s to sleep, and in which sound sleep is impossible. All one gets for one's money is a bed 手段ing five feet six by two feet six, with a hard convex mattress and a pillow like a 封鎖する of 支持を得ようと努めるd, covered by one cotton counterpane and two grey, stinking sheets. In winter there are 一面に覆う／毛布s, but never enough. And this bed is in a room where there are never いっそう少なく than five, and いつかs fifty or sixty beds, a yard or two apart. Of course, no one can sleep soundly in such circumstances. The only other places where people are herded like this are 兵舎 and hospitals. In the public 区s of a hospital no one even hopes to sleep 井戸／弁護士席. In 兵舎 the 兵士s are （人が）群がるd, but they have good beds, and they are healthy; in a ありふれた 宿泊するing-house nearly all the lodgers have chronic coughs, and a large number have bladder 病気s which make them get up at all the hours of the night. The result is a perpetual ゆすり, making sleep impossible. So far as my 観察 goes, no one in a 宿泊するing-house sleeps more than five hours a night—a damnable 搾取する when one has paid sevenpence or more.

Here 法律制定 could 遂行する something. At 現在の there is all manner of 法律制定 by the L.C.C. about 宿泊するing-houses, but it is not done in the 利益／興味s of the lodgers. The L.C.C. only 発揮する themselves to forbid drinking, 賭事ing, fighting, etc. etc. There is no 法律 to say that the beds in a 宿泊するing-house must be comfortable. This would be やめる an 平易な thing to 施行する—much easier, for instance, than 制限s upon 賭事ing. The 宿泊するing-house keepers should be compelled to 供給する 適する bedclothes and better mattresses, and above all to divide their 寄宿舎s into cubicles. It does not 事柄 how small a cubicle is, the important thing is that a man should be alone when he sleeps. These few changes, 厳密に 施行するd, would make an enormous difference. It is not impossible to make a 宿泊するing-house reasonably comfortable at the usual 率s of 支払い（額）. In the Croydon 地方自治体の 宿泊するing-house, where the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 is only ninepence, there are cubicles, good beds, 議長，司会を務めるs (a very rare 高級な in 宿泊するing-houses), and kitchens above ground instead of in a cellar. There is no 推論する／理由 why every ninepenny 宿泊するing-house should not come up to this 基準.

Of course, the owners of 宿泊するing-houses would be …に反対するd en 圏 to any 改良, for their 現在の 商売／仕事 is an immensely profitable one. The 普通の／平均（する） house takes five or ten 続けざまに猛撃するs a night, with no bad 負債s (credit 存在 厳密に forbidden), and except for rent the expenses are small. Any 改良 would mean いっそう少なく （人が）群がるing, and hence いっそう少なく 利益（をあげる）. Still, the excellent 地方自治体の 宿泊するing-house at Croydon shows how 井戸／弁護士席 one can be served for ninepence. A few 井戸／弁護士席-directed 法律s could make these 条件s general. If the 当局 are going to 関心 themselves with 宿泊するing-houses at all, they せねばならない start by making them more comfortable, not by silly 制限s that would never be 許容するd in a hotel.

XXXVIII

AFTER we left the spike at Lower Binfield, 米，稲 and I earned half a 栄冠を与える at weeding and 広範囲にわたる in somebody's garden, stayed the night at Cromley, and walked 支援する to London. I parted from 米，稲 a day or two later. B. lent me a final two 続けざまに猛撃するs, and, as I had only another eight days to 持つ／拘留する out, that was the end of my troubles. My tame imbecile turned out worse than I had 推定する／予想するd, but not bad enough to make me wish myself 支援する in the spike or the Auberge de Jehan Cottard.

米，稲 始める，決める out for Portsmouth, where he had a friend who might conceivably find work for him, and I have never seen him since. A short time ago I was told that he had been run over and killed, but perhaps my informant was mixing him up with someone else. I had news of Bozo only three days ago. He is in Wandsworth—fourteen days for begging. I do not suppose 刑務所，拘置所 worries him very much.

My story ends here. It is a 公正に／かなり trivial story, and I can only hope that it has been 利益／興味ing in the same way as a travel diary is 利益／興味ing. I can at least say, Here is the world that を待つs you if you are ever penniless. Some days I want to 調査する that world more 完全に. I should like to know people like Mario and 米，稲 and 法案 the moocher, not from casual 遭遇（する）s, but intimately; I should like to understand what really goes on in the souls of plongeurs and tramps and 堤防 sleepers. At 現在の I do not feel that I have seen more than the fringe of poverty.

Still I can point to one or two things I have definitely learned by 存在 hard up. I shall never again think that all tramps are drunken scoundrels, nor 推定する／予想する a beggar to be 感謝する when I give him a penny, nor be surprised if men out of work 欠如（する） energy, nor subscribe to the 救済 Army, nor pawn my 着せる／賦与するs, nor 辞退する a handbill, nor enjoy a meal at a smart restaurant. That is a beginning.

THE END

This 場所／位置 is 十分な of FREE ebooks - 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia