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肩書を与える: Animal Farm
Author: George Orwell
eBook No.: 0100011h.html
Language: English
Date first 地位，任命するd: August 2001
Most 最近の update: March 2008

This eBook was produced by: Colin Choat

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Animal Farm

by

George Orwell

Contents

一時期／支部 1.
一時期／支部 2.
一時期／支部 3.
一時期／支部 4.
一時期／支部 5.
一時期／支部 6.
一時期／支部 7.
一時期／支部 8.
一時期／支部 9.
一時期／支部 10.

一時期／支部 I

Mr. Jones, of the Manor Farm, had locked the 女／おっせかい屋-houses for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the pop-穴を開けるs. With the （犯罪の）一味 of light from his lantern dancing from 味方する to 味方する, he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the 支援する door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the バーレル／樽 in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring.

As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a ぱたぱたするing all through the farm buildings. Word had gone 一連の会議、交渉／完成する during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White boar, had had a strange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all 会合，会う in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was 安全に out of the way. Old Major (so he was always called, though the 指名する under which he had been 展示（する）d was Willingdon Beauty) was so 高度に regarded on the farm that everyone was やめる ready to lose an hour's sleep ーするために hear what he had to say.

At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised 壇・綱領・公約, Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent 外見 in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been 削減（する）. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First （機の）カム the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pigs, who settled 負かす／撃墜する in the straw すぐに in 前線 of the 壇・綱領・公約. The 女／おっせかい屋s perched themselves on the window-sills, the pigeons ぱたぱたするd up to the rafters, the sheep and cows lay 負かす／撃墜する behind the pigs and began to chew the cud. The two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover, （機の）カム in together, walking very slowly and setting 負かす／撃墜する their 広大な hairy hoofs with 広大な／多数の／重要な care lest there should be some small animal 隠すd in the straw. Clover was a stout motherly 損なう approaching middle life, who had never やめる got her 人物／姿／数字 支援する after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen 手渡すs high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. A white （土地などの）細長い一片 負かす／撃墜する his nose gave him a somewhat stupid 外見, and in fact he was not of first-率 知能, but he was universally 尊敬（する）・点d for his steadiness of character and tremendous 力／強力にするs of work. After the horses （機の）カム Muriel, the white goat, and Benjamin, the donkey. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some 冷笑的な 発言／述べる—for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the 飛行機で行くs off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no 飛行機で行くs. Alone の中で the animals on the farm he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. にもかかわらず, without 率直に admitting it, he was 充てるd to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazing 味方する by 味方する and never speaking.

The two horses had just lain 負かす／撃墜する when a brood of ducklings, which had lost their mother, とじ込み／提出するd into the barn, cheeping feebly and wandering from 味方する to 味方する to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of 塀で囲む 一連の会議、交渉／完成する them with her 広大な／多数の／重要な foreleg, and the ducklings nestled 負かす／撃墜する inside it and 敏速に fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white 損なう who drew Mr. Jones's 罠（にかける）, （機の）カム mincing daintily in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took a place 近づく the 前線 and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red 略章s it was plaited with. Last of all （機の）カム the cat, who looked 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major's speech without listening to a word of what he was 説.

All the animals were now 現在の except Moses, the tame raven, who slept on a perch behind the 支援する door. When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he （疑いを）晴らすd his throat and began:

"Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say first. I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer, and before I die, I feel it my 義務 to pass on to you such 知恵 as I have acquired. I have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my 立ち往生させる, and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth 同様に as any animal now living. It is about this that I wish to speak to you.

"Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us 直面する it: our lives are 哀れな, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our 団体／死体s, and those of us who are 有能な of it are 軍隊d to work to the last 原子 of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are 虐殺（する）d with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old. No animal in England is 解放する／自由な. The life of an animal is 悲惨 and slavery: that is the plain truth.

"But is this 簡単に part of the order of nature? Is it because this land of ours is so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it? No, comrades, a thousand times no! The 国／地域 of England is fertile, its 気候 is good, it is 有能な of affording food in 豊富 to an enormously greater number of animals than now 住む it. This 選び出す／独身 farm of ours would support a dozen horses, twenty cows, hundreds of sheep—and all of them living in a 慰安 and a dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining. Why then do we continue in this 哀れな 条件? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our 労働 is stolen from us by human 存在s. There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a 選び出す／独身 word—Man. Man is the only real enemy we have. 除去する Man from the scene, and the root 原因（となる） of hunger and overwork is 廃止するd for ever.

"Man is the only creature that 消費するs without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run 急速な／放蕩な enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals. He 始める，決めるs them to work, he gives 支援する to them the 明らかにする 最小限 that will 妨げる them from 餓死するing, and the 残り／休憩（する） he keeps for himself. Our 労働 tills the 国／地域, our dung fertilises it, and yet there is not one of us that owns more than his 明らかにする 肌. You cows that I see before me, how many thousands of gallons of milk have you given during this last year? And what has happened to that milk which should have been 産む／飼育するing up sturdy calves? Every 減少（する） of it has gone 負かす／撃墜する the throats of our enemies. And you 女／おっせかい屋s, how many eggs have you laid in this last year, and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens? The 残り／休憩（する） have all gone to market to bring in money for Jones and his men. And you, Clover, where are those four foals you bore, who should have been the support and 楽しみ of your old age? Each was sold at a year old—you will never see one of them again. In return for your four confinements and all your 労働 in the fields, what have you ever had except your 明らかにする rations and a 立ち往生させる?

"And even the 哀れな lives we lead are not 許すd to reach their natural （期間が）わたる. For myself I do not 不平（をいう）, for I am one of the lucky ones. I am twelve years old and have had over four hundred children. Such is the natural life of a pig. But no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end. You young porkers who are sitting in 前線 of me, every one of you will 叫び声をあげる your lives out at the 封鎖する within a year. To that horror we all must come—cows, pigs, 女／おっせかい屋s, sheep, everyone. Even the horses and the dogs have no better 運命／宿命. You, Boxer, the very day that those 広大な／多数の／重要な muscles of yours lose their 力／強力にする, Jones will sell you to the knacker, who will 削減（する） your throat and boil you 負かす／撃墜する for the foxhounds. As for the dogs, when they grow old and toothless, Jones 関係 a brick 一連の会議、交渉／完成する their necks and 溺死するs them in the nearest pond.

"Is it not 水晶 （疑いを）晴らす, then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human 存在s? Only get rid of Man, and the produce of our 労働 would be our own. Almost 夜通し we could become rich and 解放する／自由な. What then must we do? Why, work night and day, 団体／死体 and soul, for the 倒す of the human race! That is my message to you, comrades: 反乱! I do not know when that 反乱 will come, it might be in a week or in a hundred years, but I know, as surely as I see this straw beneath my feet, that sooner or later 司法（官） will be done. 直す／買収する，八百長をする your 注目する，もくろむs on that, comrades, throughout the short 残りの人，物 of your lives! And above all, pass on this message of 地雷 to those who come after you, so that 未来 世代s shall carry on the struggle until it is 勝利を得た.

"And remember, comrades, your 決意／決議 must never 滞る. No argument must lead you astray. Never listen when they tell you that Man and the animals have a ありふれた 利益／興味, that the 繁栄 of the one is the 繁栄 of the others. It is all lies. Man serves the 利益／興味s of no creature except himself. And の中で us animals let there be perfect まとまり, perfect comradeship in the struggle. All men are enemies. All animals are comrades."

At this moment there was a tremendous uproar. While Major was speaking four large ネズミs had crept out of their 穴を開けるs and were sitting on their hindquarters, listening to him. The dogs had suddenly caught sight of them, and it was only by a swift dash for their 穴を開けるs that the ネズミs saved their lives. Major raised his trotter for silence.

"Comrades," he said, "here is a point that must be settled. The wild creatures, such as ネズミs and rabbits—are they our friends or our enemies? Let us put it to the 投票（する）. I 提案する this question to the 会合: Are ネズミs comrades?"

The 投票（する） was taken at once, and it was agreed by an 圧倒的な 大多数 that ネズミs were comrades. There were only four dissentients, the three dogs and the cat, who was afterwards discovered to have 投票（する）d on both 味方するs. Major continued:

"I have little more to say. I 単に repeat, remember always your 義務 of 敵意 に向かって Man and all his ways. Whatever goes upon two 脚s is an enemy. Whatever goes upon four 脚s, or has wings, is a friend. And remember also that in fighting against Man, we must not come to 似ている him. Even when you have 征服する／打ち勝つd him, do not 可決する・採択する his 副／悪徳行為s. No animal must ever live in a house, or sleep in a bed, or wear 着せる／賦与するs, or drink alcohol, or smoke タバコ, or touch money, or engage in 貿易（する）. All the habits of Man are evil. And, above all, no animal must ever tyrannise over his own 肉親，親類d. Weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers. No animal must ever kill any other animal. All animals are equal.

"And now, comrades, I will tell you about my dream of last night. I cannot 述べる that dream to you. It was a dream of the earth as it will be when Man has 消えるd. But it reminded me of something that I had long forgotten. Many years ago, when I was a little pig, my mother and the other （種を）蒔くs used to sing an old song of which they knew only the tune and the first three words. I had known that tune in my 幼少／幼藍期, but it had long since passed out of my mind. Last night, however, it （機の）カム 支援する to me in my dream. And what is more, the words of the song also （機の）カム 支援する-words, I am 確かな , which were sung by the animals of long ago and have been lost to memory for 世代s. I will sing you that song now, comrades. I am old and my 発言する／表明する is hoarse, but when I have taught you the tune, you can sing it better for yourselves. It is called 'Beasts of England'."

Old Major （疑いを）晴らすd his throat and began to sing. As he had said, his 発言する／表明する was hoarse, but he sang 井戸／弁護士席 enough, and it was a stirring tune, something between 'Clementine' and 'La Cucaracha'. The words ran:

Beasts of England, beasts of Ireland,
Beasts of every land and clime,
Hearken to my joyful tidings
Of the golden 未来 time.

Soon or late the day is coming,
Tyrant Man shall be o'erthrown,
And the 実りの多い／有益な fields of England
Shall be trod by beasts alone.

（犯罪の）一味s shall 消える from our noses,
And the harness from our 支援する,
Bit and 刺激（する） shall rust forever,
Cruel whips no more shall 割れ目.

Riches more than mind can picture,
Wheat and barley, oats and hay,
Clover, beans, and mangel-wurzels
Shall be ours upon that day.

有望な will 向こうずね the fields of England,
Purer shall its waters be,
Sweeter yet shall blow its 微風s
On the day that 始める，決めるs us 解放する／自由な.

For that day we all must 労働,
Though we die before it break;
Cows and horses, geese and turkeys,
All must toil for freedom's sake.

Beasts of England, beasts of Ireland,
Beasts of every land and clime,
Hearken 井戸／弁護士席 and spread my tidings
Of the golden 未来 time.

The singing of this song threw the animals into the wildest excitement. Almost before Major had reached the end, they had begun singing it for themselves. Even the stupidest of them had already 選ぶd up the tune and a few of the words, and as for the clever ones, such as the pigs and dogs, they had the entire song by heart within a few minutes. And then, after a few 予選 tries, the whole farm burst out into 'Beasts of England' in tremendous unison. The cows lowed it, the dogs whined it, the sheep bleated it, the horses whinnied it, the ducks quacked it. They were so delighted with the song that they sang it 権利 through five times in succession, and might have continued singing it all night if they had not been interrupted.

Unfortunately, the uproar awoke Mr. Jones, who sprang out of bed, making sure that there was a fox in the yard. He 掴むd the gun which always stood in a corner of his bedroom, and let 飛行機で行く a 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of number 6 発射 into the 不明瞭. The pellets buried themselves in the 塀で囲む of the barn and the 会合 broke up hurriedly. Everyone fled to his own sleeping-place. The birds jumped on to their perches, the animals settled 負かす／撃墜する in the straw, and the whole farm was asleep in a moment.

一時期／支部 II

Three nights later old Major died 平和的に in his sleep. His 団体／死体 was buried at the foot of the orchard.

This was 早期に in March. During the next three months there was much secret activity. Major's speech had given to the more intelligent animals on the farm a 完全に new 見通し on life. They did not know when the 反乱 予報するd by Major would take place, they had no 推論する／理由 for thinking that it would be within their own lifetime, but they saw 明確に that it was their 義務 to 準備する for it. The work of teaching and organising the others fell 自然に upon the pigs, who were 一般に recognised as 存在 the cleverest of the animals. Pre-著名な の中で the pigs were two young boars 指名するd Snowball and Napoleon, whom Mr. Jones was 産む／飼育するing up for sale. Napoleon was a large, rather 猛烈な／残忍な-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much of a talker, but with a 評判 for getting his own way. Snowball was a more vivacious pig than Napoleon, quicker in speech and more inventive, but was not considered to have the same depth of character. All the other male pigs on the farm were porkers. The best known の中で them was a small fat pig 指名するd Squealer, with very 一連の会議、交渉／完成する cheeks, twinkling 注目する，もくろむs, nimble movements, and a shrill 発言する／表明する. He was a brilliant talker, and when he was arguing some difficult point he had a way of skipping from 味方する to 味方する and 素早い行動ing his tail which was somehow very persuasive. The others said of Squealer that he could turn 黒人／ボイコット into white.

These three had (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述するd old Major's teachings into a 完全にする system of thought, to which they gave the 指名する of Animalism. Several nights a week, after Mr. Jones was asleep, they held secret 会合s in the barn and expounded the 原則s of Animalism to the others. At the beginning they met with much stupidity and apathy. Some of the animals talked of the 義務 of 忠義 to Mr. Jones, whom they referred to as "Master," or made elementary 発言／述べるs such as "Mr. Jones 料金d us. If he were gone, we should 餓死する to death." Others asked such questions as "Why should we care what happens after we are dead?" or "If this 反乱 is to happen anyway, what difference does it make whether we work for it or not?", and the pigs had 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty in making them see that this was contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The stupidest questions of all were asked by Mollie, the white 損なう. The very first question she asked Snowball was: "Will there still be sugar after the 反乱?"

"No," said Snowball 堅固に. "We have no means of making sugar on this farm. Besides, you do not need sugar. You will have all the oats and hay you want."

"And shall I still be 許すd to wear 略章s in my mane?" asked Mollie.

"Comrade," said Snowball, "those 略章s that you are so 充てるd to are the badge of slavery. Can you not understand that liberty is 価値（がある） more than 略章s?"

Mollie agreed, but she did not sound very 納得させるd.

The pigs had an even harder struggle to 中和する／阻止する the lies put about by Moses, the tame raven. Moses, who was Mr. Jones's especial pet, was a 秘かに調査する and a tale-持参人払いの, but he was also a clever talker. He （人命などを）奪う，主張するd to know of the 存在 of a mysterious country called Sugarcandy Mountain, to which all animals went when they died. It was 据えるd somewhere up in the sky, a little distance beyond the clouds, Moses said. In Sugarcandy Mountain it was Sunday seven days a week, clover was in season all the year 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, and lump sugar and linseed cake grew on the hedges. The animals hated Moses because he told tales and did no work, but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain, and the pigs had to argue very hard to 説得する them that there was no such place.

Their most faithful disciples were the two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover. These two had 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty in thinking anything out for themselves, but having once 受託するd the pigs as their teachers, they 吸収するd everything that they were told, and passed it on to the other animals by simple arguments. They were unfailing in their 出席 at the secret 会合s in the barn, and led the singing of 'Beasts of England', with which the 会合s always ended.

Now, as it turned out, the 反乱 was 達成するd much earlier and more easily than anyone had 推定する／予想するd. In past years Mr. Jones, although a hard master, had been a 有能な 農業者, but of late he had fallen on evil days. He had become much disheartened after losing money in a 訴訟, and had taken to drinking more than was good for him. For whole days at a time he would lounge in his Windsor 議長，司会を務める in the kitchen, reading the newspapers, drinking, and occasionally feeding Moses on crusts of bread soaked in beer. His men were idle and dishonest, the fields were 十分な of 少しのd, the buildings 手配中の，お尋ね者 roofing, the hedges were neglected, and the animals were underfed.

June （機の）カム and the hay was almost ready for cutting. On Midsummer's Eve, which was a Saturday, Mr. Jones went into Willingdon and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come 支援する till midday on Sunday. The men had milked the cows in the 早期に morning and then had gone out rabbiting, without bothering to 料金d the animals. When Mr. Jones got 支援する he すぐに went to sleep on the 製図／抽選-room sofa with the News of the World over his 直面する, so that when evening （機の）カム, the animals were still unfed. At last they could stand it no longer. One of the cows broke in the door of the 蓄える／店-shed with her horn and all the animals began to help themselves from the 貯蔵所s. It was just then that Mr. Jones woke up. The next moment he and his four men were in the 蓄える／店-shed with whips in their 手渡すs, 攻撃するing out in all directions. This was more than the hungry animals could 耐える. With one （許可，名誉などを）与える, though nothing of the 肉親，親類d had been planned beforehand, they flung themselves upon their tormentors. Jones and his men suddenly 設立する themselves 存在 butted and kicked from all 味方するs. The 状況／情勢 was やめる out of their 支配（する）／統制する. They had never seen animals behave like this before, and this sudden 反乱 of creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose, 脅すd them almost out of their wits. After only a moment or two they gave up trying to defend themselves and took to their heels. A minute later all five of them were in 十分な flight 負かす／撃墜する the cart-跡をつける that led to the main road, with the animals 追求するing them in 勝利.

Mrs. Jones looked out of the bedroom window, saw what was happening, hurriedly flung a few 所有／入手s into a carpet 捕らえる、獲得する, and slipped out of the farm by another way. Moses sprang off his perch and flapped after her, croaking loudly. 一方／合間 the animals had chased Jones and his men out on to the road and slammed the five-閉めだした gate behind them. And so, almost before they knew what was happening, the 反乱 had been 首尾よく carried through: Jones was expelled, and the Manor Farm was theirs.

For the first few minutes the animals could hardly believe in their good fortune. Their first 行為／法令／行動する was to gallop in a 団体／死体 権利 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 境界s of the farm, as though to make やめる sure that no human 存在 was hiding anywhere upon it; then they raced 支援する to the farm buildings to wipe out the last traces of Jones's hated 統治する. The harness-room at the end of the stables was broken open; the bits, the nose-（犯罪の）一味s, the dog-chains, the cruel knives with which Mr. Jones had been used to castrate the pigs and lambs, were all flung 負かす／撃墜する the 井戸／弁護士席. The reins, the halters, the blinkers, the degrading nosebags, were thrown on to the rubbish 解雇する／砲火／射撃 which was 燃やすing in the yard. So were the whips. All the animals capered with joy when they saw the whips going up in 炎上s. Snowball also threw on to the 解雇する／砲火／射撃 the 略章s with which the horses' manes and tails had usually been decorated on market days.

"略章s," he said, "should be considered as 着せる／賦与するs, which are the 示す of a human 存在. All animals should go naked."

When Boxer heard this he fetched the small straw hat which he wore in summer to keep the 飛行機で行くs out of his ears, and flung it on to the 解雇する／砲火／射撃 with the 残り／休憩（する）.

In a very little while the animals had destroyed everything that reminded them of Mr. Jones. Napoleon then led them 支援する to the 蓄える／店-shed and served out a 二塁打 ration of corn to everybody, with two 薄焼きパン／素焼陶器s for each dog. Then they sang 'Beasts of England' from end to end seven times running, and after that they settled 負かす／撃墜する for the night and slept as they had never slept before.

But they woke at 夜明け as usual, and suddenly remembering the glorious thing that had happened, they all raced out into the pasture together. A little way 負かす／撃墜する the pasture there was a knoll that 命令（する）d a 見解（をとる） of most of the farm. The animals 急ぐd to the 最高の，を越す of it and gazed 一連の会議、交渉／完成する them in the （疑いを）晴らす morning light. Yes, it was theirs—everything that they could see was theirs! In the ecstasy of that thought they gambolled 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, they 投げつけるd themselves into the 空気／公表する in 広大な／多数の／重要な leaps of excitement. They rolled in the dew, they cropped mouthfuls of the 甘い summer grass, they kicked up clods of the 黒人／ボイコット earth and 消すd its rich scent. Then they made a 小旅行する of 査察 of the whole farm and 調査するd with speechless 賞賛 the ploughland, the hayfield, the orchard, the pool, the spinney. It was as though they had never seen these things before, and even now they could hardly believe that it was all their own.

Then they とじ込み／提出するd 支援する to the farm buildings and 停止（させる）d in silence outside the door of the farmhouse. That was theirs too, but they were 脅すd to go inside. After a moment, however, Snowball and Napoleon butted the door open with their shoulders and the animals entered in 選び出す／独身 とじ込み／提出する, walking with the 最大の care for 恐れる of 乱すing anything. They tiptoed from room to room, afraid to speak above a whisper and gazing with a 肉親，親類d of awe at the unbelievable 高級な, at the beds with their feather mattresses, the looking-glasses, the horsehair sofa, the Brussels carpet, the lithograph of Queen Victoria over the 製図／抽選-room mantelpiece. They were just coming 負かす／撃墜する the stairs when Mollie was discovered to be 行方不明の. Going 支援する, the others 設立する that she had remained behind in the best bedroom. She had taken a piece of blue 略章 from Mrs. Jones's dressing-（米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, and was 持つ／拘留するing it against her shoulder and admiring herself in the glass in a very foolish manner. The others reproached her はっきりと, and they went outside. Some hams hanging in the kitchen were taken out for burial, and the バーレル／樽 of beer in the scullery was stove in with a kick from Boxer's hoof, さもなければ nothing in the house was touched. A 全員一致の 決意／決議 was passed on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す that the farmhouse should be 保存するd as a museum. All were agreed that no animal must ever live there.

The animals had their breakfast, and then Snowball and Napoleon called them together again.

"Comrades," said Snowball, "it is half-past six and we have a long day before us. Today we begin the hay 収穫. But there is another 事柄 that must be …に出席するd to first."

The pigs now 明らかにする／漏らすd that during the past three months they had taught themselves to read and 令状 from an old （一定の）期間ing 調書をとる／予約する which had belonged to Mr. Jones's children and which had been thrown on the rubbish heap. Napoleon sent for マリファナs of 黒人／ボイコット and white paint and led the way 負かす／撃墜する to the five-閉めだした gate that gave on to the main road. Then Snowball (for it was Snowball who was best at 令状ing) took a 小衝突 between the two knuckles of his trotter, painted out MANOR FARM from the 最高の，を越す 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 of the gate and in its place painted ANIMAL FARM. This was to be the 指名する of the farm from now onwards. After this they went 支援する to the farm buildings, where Snowball and Napoleon sent for a ladder which they 原因（となる）d to be 始める，決める against the end 塀で囲む of the big barn. They explained that by their 熟考する／考慮するs of the past three months the pigs had 後継するd in 減ずるing the 原則s of Animalism to Seven Commandments. These Seven Commandments would now be inscribed on the 塀で囲む; they would form an unalterable 法律 by which all the animals on Animal Farm must live for ever after. With some difficulty (for it is not 平易な for a pig to balance himself on a ladder) Snowball climbed up and 始める，決める to work, with Squealer a few rungs below him 持つ／拘留するing the paint-マリファナ. The Commandments were written on the tarred 塀で囲む in 広大な／多数の／重要な white letters that could be read thirty yards away. They ran thus:

THE SEVEN COMMANDMENTS

1. Whatever goes upon two 脚s is an enemy.
2. Whatever goes upon four 脚s, or has wings, is a friend.
3. No animal shall wear 着せる／賦与するs.
4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.
5. No animal shall drink alcohol.
6. No animal shall kill any other animal.
7. All animals are equal.

It was very neatly written, and except that "friend" was written "freind" and one of the "S's" was the wrong way 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, the （一定の）期間ing was 訂正する all the way through. Snowball read it aloud for the 利益 of the others. All the animals nodded in 完全にする 協定, and the cleverer ones at once began to learn the Commandments by heart.

"Now, comrades," cried Snowball, throwing 負かす／撃墜する the paint-小衝突, "to the hayfield! Let us make it a point of honour to get in the 収穫 more quickly than Jones and his men could do."

But at this moment the three cows, who had seemed uneasy for some time past, 始める，決める up a loud lowing. They had not been milked for twenty-four hours, and their udders were almost bursting. After a little thought, the pigs sent for buckets and milked the cows 公正に／かなり 首尾よく, their trotters 存在 井戸／弁護士席 adapted to this 仕事. Soon there were five buckets of frothing creamy milk at which many of the animals looked with かなりの 利益／興味.

"What is going to happen to all that milk?" said someone.

"Jones used いつかs to mix some of it in our mash," said one of the 女／おっせかい屋s.

"Never mind the milk, comrades!" cried Napoleon, placing himself in 前線 of the buckets. "That will be …に出席するd to. The 収穫 is more important. Comrade Snowball will lead the way. I shall follow in a few minutes. 今後, comrades! The hay is waiting."

So the animals 軍隊／機動隊d 負かす／撃墜する to the hayfield to begin the 収穫, and when they （機の）カム 支援する in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared.

一時期／支部 III

How they toiled and sweated to get the hay in! But their 成果／努力s were rewarded, for the 収穫 was an even bigger success than they had hoped.

いつかs the work was hard; the 器具／実施するs had been designed for human 存在s and not for animals, and it was a 広大な／多数の／重要な drawback that no animal was able to use any 道具 that 伴う／関わるd standing on his hind 脚s. But the pigs were so clever that they could think of a way 一連の会議、交渉／完成する every difficulty. As for the horses, they knew every インチ of the field, and in fact understood the 商売／仕事 of mowing and raking far better than Jones and his men had ever done. The pigs did not 現実に work, but directed and 監督するd the others. With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership. Boxer and Clover would harness themselves to the 切断機，沿岸警備艇 or the horse-rake (no bits or reins were needed in these days, of course) and tramp 刻々と 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the field with a pig walking behind and calling out "Gee up, comrade!" or "Whoa 支援する, comrade!" as the 事例／患者 might be. And every animal 負かす／撃墜する to the humblest worked at turning the hay and 集会 it. Even the ducks and 女／おっせかい屋s toiled to and fro all day in the sun, carrying tiny wisps of hay in their beaks. In the end they finished the 収穫 in two days' いっそう少なく time than it had usually taken Jones and his men. Moreover, it was the biggest 収穫 that the farm had ever seen. There was no wastage whatever; the 女／おっせかい屋s and ducks with their sharp 注目する，もくろむs had gathered up the very last stalk. And not an animal on the farm had stolen so much as a mouthful.

All through that summer the work of the farm went like clockwork. The animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be. Every mouthful of food was an 激烈な／緊急の 肯定的な 楽しみ, now that it was truly their own food, produced by themselves and for themselves, not 施し物d out to them by a grudging master. With the worthless parasitical human 存在s gone, there was more for everyone to eat. There was more leisure too, inexperienced though the animals were. They met with many difficulties—for instance, later in the year, when they 収穫d the corn, they had to tread it out in the 古代の style and blow away the chaff with their breath, since the farm 所有するd no threshing machine—but the pigs with their cleverness and Boxer with his tremendous muscles always pulled them through. Boxer was the 賞賛 of everybody. He had been a hard 労働者 even in Jones's time, but now he seemed more like three horses than one; there were days when the entire work of the farm seemed to 残り／休憩（する） on his mighty shoulders. From morning to night he was 押し進めるing and pulling, always at the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す where the work was hardest. He had made an 協定 with one of the cockerels to call him in the mornings half an hour earlier than anyone else, and would put in some volunteer 労働 at whatever seemed to be most needed, before the 正規の／正選手 day's work began. His answer to every problem, every 後退, was "I will work harder!"—which he had 可決する・採択するd as his personal motto.

But everyone worked によれば his capacity The 女／おっせかい屋s and ducks, for instance, saved five bushels of corn at the 収穫 by 集会 up the 逸脱する 穀物s. Nobody stole, nobody 不平（をいう）d over his rations, the quarrelling and biting and jealousy which had been normal features of life in the old days had almost disappeared. Nobody shirked—or almost nobody. Mollie, it was true, was not good at getting up in the mornings, and had a way of leaving work 早期に on the ground that there was a 石／投石する in her hoof. And the behaviour of the cat was somewhat peculiar. It was soon noticed that when there was work to be done the cat could never be 設立する. She would 消える for hours on end, and then 再現する at meal-times, or in the evening after work was over, as though nothing had happened. But she always made such excellent excuses, and purred so affectionately, that it was impossible not to believe in her good 意向s. Old Benjamin, the donkey, seemed やめる 不変の since the 反乱. He did his work in the same slow obstinate way as he had done it in Jones's time, never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either. About the 反乱 and its results he would 表明する no opinion. When asked whether he was not happier now that Jones was gone, he would say only "Donkeys live a long time. 非，不，無 of you has ever seen a dead donkey," and the others had to be content with this cryptic answer.

On Sundays there was no work. Breakfast was an hour later than usual, and after breakfast there was a 儀式 which was 観察するd every week without fail. First （機の）カム the hoisting of the 旗. Snowball had 設立する in the harness-room an old green tablecloth of Mrs. Jones's and had painted on it a hoof and a horn in white. This was run up the flagstaff in the farmhouse garden every Sunday morning. The 旗 was green, Snowball explained, to 代表する the green fields of England, while the hoof and horn 示す the 未来 共和国 of the Animals which would arise when the human race had been finally overthrown. After the hoisting of the 旗 all the animals 軍隊／機動隊d into the big barn for a general 議会 which was known as the 会合. Here the work of the coming week was planned out and 決意／決議s were put 今後 and 審議d. It was always the pigs who put 今後 the 決意／決議s. The other animals understood how to 投票（する）, but could never think of any 決意／決議s of their own. Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the 審議s. But it was noticed that these two were never in 協定: whatever suggestion either of them made, the other could be counted on to …に反対する it. Even when it was 解決するd—a thing no one could 反対する to in itself—to 始める，決める aside the small paddock behind the orchard as a home of 残り／休憩（する） for animals who were past work, there was a 嵐の 審議 over the 訂正する retiring age for each class of animal. The 会合 always ended with the singing of 'Beasts of England', and the afternoon was given up to recreation.

The pigs had 始める，決める aside the harness-room as a （警察，軍隊などの）本部 for themselves. Here, in the evenings, they 熟考する／考慮するd blacksmithing, carpentering, and other necessary arts from 調書をとる／予約するs which they had brought out of the farmhouse. Snowball also busied himself with organising the other animals into what he called Animal 委員会s. He was indefatigable at this. He formed the Egg 生産／産物 委員会 for the 女／おっせかい屋s, the Clean Tails League for the cows, the Wild Comrades' Re-education 委員会 (the 反対する of this was to tame the ネズミs and rabbits), the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep, and さまざまな others, besides 学校／設けるing classes in reading and 令状ing. On the whole, these 事業／計画（する）s were a 失敗. The 試みる／企てる to tame the wild creatures, for instance, broke 負かす／撃墜する almost すぐに. They continued to behave very much as before, and when 扱う／治療するd with generosity, 簡単に took advantage of it. The cat joined the Re-education 委員会 and was very active in it for some days. She was seen one day sitting on a roof and talking to some sparrows who were just out of her reach. She was telling them that all animals were now comrades and that any sparrow who chose could come and perch on her paw; but the sparrows kept their distance.

The reading and 令状ing classes, however, were a 広大な／多数の／重要な success. By the autumn almost every animal on the farm was literate in some degree.

As for the pigs, they could already read and 令状 perfectly. The dogs learned to read 公正に／かなり 井戸／弁護士席, but were not 利益／興味d in reading anything except the Seven Commandments. Muriel, the goat, could read somewhat better than the dogs, and いつかs used to read to the others in the evenings from 捨てるs of newspaper which she 設立する on the rubbish heap. Benjamin could read 同様に as any pig, but never 演習d his faculty. So far as he knew, he said, there was nothing 価値（がある） reading. Clover learnt the whole alphabet, but could not put words together. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. He would trace out A, B, C, D, in the dust with his 広大な／多数の／重要な hoof, and then would stand 星／主役にするing at the letters with his ears 支援する, いつかs shaking his forelock, trying with all his might to remember what （機の）カム next and never 後継するing. On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H, but by the time he knew them, it was always discovered that he had forgotten A, B, C, and D. Finally he decided to be content with the first four letters, and used to 令状 them out once or twice every day to refresh his memory. Mollie 辞退するd to learn any but the six letters which spelt her own 指名する. She would form these very neatly out of pieces of twig, and would then decorate them with a flower or two and walk 一連の会議、交渉／完成する them admiring them.

非，不，無 of the other animals on the farm could get その上の than the letter A. It was also 設立する that the stupider animals, such as the sheep, 女／おっせかい屋s, and ducks, were unable to learn the Seven Commandments by heart. After much thought Snowball 宣言するd that the Seven Commandments could in 影響 be 減ずるd to a 選び出す／独身 maxim, すなわち: "Four 脚s good, two 脚s bad." This, he said, 含む／封じ込めるd the 必須の 原則 of Animalism. Whoever had 完全に しっかり掴むd it would be 安全な from human 影響（力）s. The birds at first 反対するd, since it seemed to them that they also had two 脚s, but Snowball 証明するd to them that this was not so.

"A bird's wing, comrades," he said, "is an 組織／臓器 of propulsion and not of 巧みな操作. It should therefore be regarded as a 脚. The distinguishing 示す of man is the HAND, the 器具 with which he does all his mischief."

The birds did not understand Snowball's long words, but they 受託するd his explanation, and all the humbler animals 始める，決める to work to learn the new maxim by heart. FOUR LEGS GOOD, TWO LEGS BAD, was inscribed on the end 塀で囲む of the barn, above the Seven Commandments and in bigger letters When they had once got it by heart, the sheep developed a 広大な／多数の／重要な liking for this maxim, and often as they lay in the field they would all start bleating "Four 脚s good, two 脚s bad! Four 脚s good, two 脚s bad!" and keep it up for hours on end, never growing tired of it.

Napoleon took no 利益／興味 in Snowball's 委員会s. He said that the education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up. It happened that Jessie and Bluebell had both whelped soon after the hay 収穫, giving birth between them to nine sturdy puppies. As soon as they were 離乳するd, Napoleon took them away from their mothers, 説 that he would make himself 責任がある their education. He took them up into a loft which could only be reached by a ladder from the harness-room, and there kept them in such seclusion that the 残り／休憩（する） of the farm soon forgot their 存在.

The mystery of where the milk went to was soon （疑いを）晴らすd up. It was mixed every day into the pigs' mash. The 早期に apples were now ripening, and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. The animals had assumed as a 事柄 of course that these would be 株d out 平等に; one day, however, the order went 前へ／外へ that all the windfalls were to be collected and brought to the harness-room for the use of the pigs. At this some of the other animals murmured, but it was no use. All the pigs were in 十分な 協定 on this point, even Snowball and Napoleon. Squealer was sent to make the necessary explanations to the others.

"Comrades!" he cried. "You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and 特権? Many of us 現実に dislike milk and apples. I dislike them myself. Our 単独の 反対する in taking these things is to 保存する our health. Milk and apples (this has been 証明するd by Science, comrades) 含む／封じ込める 実体s 絶対 necessary to the 井戸／弁護士席-存在 of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers. The whole 管理／経営 and organisation of this farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your 福利事業. It is for YOUR sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our 義務? Jones would come 支援する! Yes, Jones would come 支援する! Surely, comrades," cried Squealer almost pleadingly, skipping from 味方する to 味方する and 素早い行動ing his tail, "surely there is no one の中で you who wants to see Jones come 支援する?"

Now if there was one thing that the animals were 完全に 確かな of, it was that they did not want Jones 支援する. When it was put to them in this light, they had no more to say. The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious. So it was agreed without その上の argument that the milk and the windfall apples (and also the main 刈る of apples when they ripened) should be reserved for the pigs alone.

一時期／支部 IV

By the late summer the news of what had happened on Animal Farm had spread across half the 郡. Every day Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons whose 指示／教授／教育s were to mingle with the animals on 隣人ing farms, tell them the story of the 反乱, and teach them the tune of 'Beasts of England'.

Most of this time Mr. Jones had spent sitting in the taproom of the Red Lion at Willingdon, complaining to anyone who would listen of the monstrous 不正 he had 苦しむd in 存在 turned out of his 所有物／資産／財産 by a pack of good-for-nothing animals. The other 農業者s sympathised in 原則, but they did not at first give him much help. At heart, each of them was 内密に wondering whether he could not somehow turn Jones's misfortune to his own advantage. It was lucky that the owners of the two farms which 隣接するd Animal Farm were on 永久的に bad 条件. One of them, which was 指名するd Foxwood, was a large, neglected, old-fashioned farm, much overgrown by woodland, with all its pastures worn out and its hedges in a disgraceful 条件. Its owner, Mr. Pilkington, was an 平易な-going gentleman 農業者 who spent most of his time in fishing or 追跡（する）ing によれば the season. The other farm, which was called Pinchfield, was smaller and better kept. Its owner was a Mr. Frederick, a 堅い, shrewd man, perpetually 伴う／関わるd in 訴訟s and with a 指名する for 運動ing hard 取引s. These two disliked each other so much that it was difficult for them to come to any 協定, even in defence of their own 利益／興味s.

にもかかわらず, they were both 完全に 脅すd by the 反乱 on Animal Farm, and very anxious to 妨げる their own animals from learning too much about it. At first they pretended to laugh to 軽蔑（する） the idea of animals managing a farm for themselves. The whole thing would be over in a fortnight, they said. They put it about that the animals on the Manor Farm (they 主張するd on calling it the Manor Farm; they would not 許容する the 指名する "Animal Farm") were perpetually fighting の中で themselves and were also 速く 餓死するing to death. When time passed and the animals had evidently not 餓死するd to death, Frederick and Pilkington changed their tune and began to talk of the terrible wickedness that now 繁栄するd on Animal Farm. It was given out that the animals there practised cannibalism, 拷問d one another with red-hot horseshoes, and had their 女性（の）s in ありふれた. This was what （機の）カム of rebelling against the 法律s of Nature, Frederick and Pilkington said.

However, these stories were never fully believed. Rumours of a wonderful farm, where the human 存在s had been turned out and the animals managed their own 事件／事情／状勢s, continued to 循環させる in vague and distorted forms, and throughout that year a wave of rebelliousness ran through the countryside. Bulls which had always been tractable suddenly turned savage, sheep broke 負かす／撃墜する hedges and devoured the clover, cows kicked the pail over, hunters 辞退するd their 盗品故買者s and 発射 their riders on to the other 味方する. Above all, the tune and even the words of 'Beasts of England' were known everywhere. It had spread with astonishing 速度(を上げる）. The human 存在s could not 含む／封じ込める their 激怒（する） when they heard this song, though they pretended to think it 単に ridiculous. They could not understand, they said, how even animals could bring themselves to sing such contemptible rubbish. Any animal caught singing it was given a flogging on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す. And yet the song was irrepressible. The blackbirds whistled it in the hedges, the pigeons cooed it in the elms, it got into the din of the smithies and the tune of the church bells. And when the human 存在s listened to it, they 内密に trembled, 審理，公聴会 in it a prophecy of their 未来 doom.

早期に in October, when the corn was 削減（する） and stacked and some of it was already threshed, a flight of pigeons （機の）カム whirling through the 空気／公表する and alighted in the yard of Animal Farm in the wildest excitement. Jones and all his men, with half a dozen others from Foxwood and Pinchfield, had entered the five-閉めだした gate and were coming up the cart-跡をつける that led to the farm. They were all carrying sticks, except Jones, who was marching ahead with a gun in his 手渡すs. 明白に they were going to 試みる／企てる the 再度捕まえる of the farm.

This had long been 推定する／予想するd, and all 準備s had been made. Snowball, who had 熟考する／考慮するd an old 調書をとる／予約する of Julius Caesar's （選挙などの）運動をするs which he had 設立する in the farmhouse, was in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the 防御の 操作／手術s. He gave his orders quickly, and in a couple of minutes every animal was at his 地位，任命する.

As the human 存在s approached the farm buildings, Snowball 開始する，打ち上げるd his first attack. All the pigeons, to the number of thirty-five, flew to and fro over the men's 長，率いるs and muted upon them from 中央の-空気／公表する; and while the men were 取引，協定ing with this, the geese, who had been hiding behind the hedge, 急ぐd out and つつく／ペックd viciously at the calves of their 脚s. However, this was only a light 小競り合いing manoeuvre, ーするつもりであるd to create a little disorder, and the men easily drove the geese off with their sticks. Snowball now 開始する，打ち上げるd his second line of attack. Muriel, Benjamin, and all the sheep, with Snowball at the 長，率いる of them, 急ぐd 今後 and prodded and butted the men from every 味方する, while Benjamin turned around and 攻撃するd at them with his small hoofs. But once again the men, with their sticks and their hobnailed boots, were too strong for them; and suddenly, at a squeal from Snowball, which was the signal for 退却／保養地, all the animals turned and fled through the gateway into the yard.

The men gave a shout of 勝利. They saw, as they imagined, their enemies in flight, and they 急ぐd after them in disorder. This was just what Snowball had ーするつもりであるd. As soon as they were 井戸／弁護士席 inside the yard, the three horses, the three cows, and the 残り／休憩（する） of the pigs, who had been lying in 待ち伏せ／迎撃する in the cowshed, suddenly 現れるd in their 後部, cutting them off. Snowball now gave the signal for the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金. He himself dashed straight for Jones. Jones saw him coming, raised his gun and 解雇する／砲火／射撃d. The pellets 得点する／非難する／２０d 血まみれの streaks along Snowball's 支援する, and a sheep dropped dead. Without 停止（させる）ing for an instant, Snowball flung his fifteen 石／投石する against Jones's 脚s. Jones was 投げつけるd into a pile of dung and his gun flew out of his 手渡すs. But the most terrifying spectacle of all was Boxer, 後部ing up on his hind 脚s and striking out with his 広大な／多数の／重要な アイロンをかける-shod hoofs like a stallion. His very first blow took a stable-lad from Foxwood on the skull and stretched him lifeless in the mud. At the sight, several men dropped their sticks and tried to run. Panic overtook them, and the next moment all the animals together were chasing them 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the yard. They were 血の塊／突き刺すd, kicked, bitten, trampled on. There was not an animal on the farm that did not take vengeance on them after his own fashion. Even the cat suddenly leapt off a roof の上に a cowman's shoulders and sank her claws in his neck, at which he yelled horribly. At a moment when the 開始 was （疑いを）晴らす, the men were glad enough to 急ぐ out of the yard and make a bolt for the main road. And so within five minutes of their 侵略 they were in ignominious 退却／保養地 by the same way as they had come, with a flock of geese hissing after them and つつく／ペックing at their calves all the way.

All the men were gone except one. 支援する in the yard Boxer was pawing with his hoof at the stable-lad who lay 直面する 負かす／撃墜する in the mud, trying to turn him over. The boy did not 動かす.

"He is dead," said Boxer sorrowfully. "I had no 意向 of doing that. I forgot that I was wearing アイロンをかける shoes. Who will believe that I did not do this on 目的?"

"No sentimentality, comrade!" cried Snowball from whose 負傷させるs the 血 was still dripping. "War is war. The only good human 存在 is a dead one."

"I have no wish to take life, not even human life," repeated Boxer, and his 注目する，もくろむs were 十分な of 涙／ほころびs.

"Where is Mollie?" exclaimed somebody.

Mollie in fact was 行方不明の. For a moment there was 広大な／多数の／重要な alarm; it was 恐れるd that the men might have 害（を与える）d her in some way, or even carried her off with them. In the end, however, she was 設立する hiding in her 立ち往生させる with her 長，率いる buried の中で the hay in the manger. She had taken to flight as soon as the gun went off. And when the others （機の）カム 支援する from looking for her, it was to find that the stable-lad, who in fact was only stunned, had already 回復するd and made off.

The animals had now 組立て直すd in the wildest excitement, each recounting his own 偉業／利用するs in the 戦う／戦い at the 最高の，を越す of his 発言する／表明する. An impromptu 祝賀 of the victory was held すぐに. The 旗 was run up and 'Beasts of England' was sung a number of times, then the sheep who had been killed was given a solemn funeral, a hawthorn bush 存在 工場／植物d on her 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な. At the graveside Snowball made a little speech, 強調ing the need for all animals to be ready to die for Animal Farm if need be.

The animals decided 全員一致で to create a 軍の decoration, "Animal Hero, First Class," which was conferred there and then on Snowball and Boxer. It consisted of a 厚かましさ／高級将校連 メダル (they were really some old horse-厚かましさ／高級将校連s which had been 設立する in the harness-room), to be worn on Sundays and holidays. There was also "Animal Hero, Second Class," which was conferred posthumously on the dead sheep.

There was much discussion as to what the 戦う／戦い should be called. In the end, it was 指名するd the 戦う／戦い of the Cowshed, since that was where the 待ち伏せ／迎撃する had been sprung. Mr. Jones's gun had been 設立する lying in the mud, and it was known that there was a 供給（する） of cartridges in the farmhouse. It was decided to 始める，決める the gun up at the foot of the Flagstaff, like a piece of 大砲, and to 解雇する／砲火／射撃 it twice a year—once on October the twelfth, the 周年記念日 of the 戦う／戦い of the Cowshed, and once on Midsummer Day, the 周年記念日 of the 反乱.

一時期／支部 V

As winter drew on, Mollie became more and more troublesome. She was late for work every morning and excused herself by 説 that she had overslept, and she complained of mysterious 苦痛s, although her appetite was excellent. On every 肉親，親類d of pretext she would run away from work and go to the drinking pool, where she would stand foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water. But there were also rumours of something more serious. One day, as Mollie strolled blithely into the yard, flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of hay, Clover took her aside.

"Mollie," she said, "I have something very serious to say to you. This morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm from Foxwood. One of Mr. Pilkington's men was standing on the other 味方する of the hedge. And—I was a long way away, but I am almost 確かな I saw this—he was talking to you and you were 許すing him to 一打／打撃 your nose. What does that mean, Mollie?"

"He didn't! I wasn't! It isn't true!" cried Mollie, beginning to prance about and paw the ground.

"Mollie! Look me in the 直面する. Do you give me your word of honour that that man was not 一打／打撃ing your nose?"

"It isn't true!" repeated Mollie, but she could not look Clover in the 直面する, and the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away into the field.

A thought struck Clover. Without 説 anything to the others, she went to Mollie's 立ち往生させる and turned over the straw with her hoof. Hidden under the straw was a little pile of lump sugar and several bunches of 略章 of different colours.

Three days later Mollie disappeared. For some weeks nothing was known of her どの辺に, then the pigeons 報告（する）／憶測d that they had seen her on the other 味方する of Willingdon. She was between the 軸s of a smart dogcart painted red and 黒人／ボイコット, which was standing outside a public-house. A fat red-直面するd man in check breeches and gaiters, who looked like a publican, was 一打／打撃ing her nose and feeding her with sugar. Her coat was newly clipped and she wore a scarlet 略章 一連の会議、交渉／完成する her forelock. She appeared to be enjoying herself, so the pigeons said. 非，不，無 of the animals ever について言及するd Mollie again.

In January there （機の）カム 激しく hard 天候. The earth was like アイロンをかける, and nothing could be done in the fields. Many 会合s were held in the big barn, and the pigs 占領するd themselves with planning out the work of the coming season. It had come to be 受託するd that the pigs, who were manifestly cleverer than the other animals, should decide all questions of farm 政策, though their 決定／判定勝ち（する）s had to be 批准するd by a 大多数 投票（する）. This 協定 would have worked 井戸／弁護士席 enough if it had not been for the 論争s between Snowball and Napoleon. These two 同意しないd at every point where 不一致 was possible. If one of them 示唆するd （種を）蒔くing a bigger acreage with barley, the other was 確かな to 需要・要求する a bigger acreage of oats, and if one of them said that such and such a field was just 権利 for cabbages, the other would 宣言する that it was useless for anything except roots. Each had his own に引き続いて, and there were some violent 審議s. At the 会合s Snowball often won over the 大多数 by his brilliant speeches, but Napoleon was better at canvassing support for himself in between times. He was 特に successful with the sheep. Of late the sheep had taken to bleating "Four 脚s good, two 脚s bad" both in and out of season, and they often interrupted the 会合 with this. It was noticed that they were 特に liable to break into "Four 脚s good, two 脚s bad" at 決定的な moments in Snowball's speeches. Snowball had made a の近くに 熟考する／考慮する of some 支援する numbers of the '農業者 and Stockbreeder' which he had 設立する in the farmhouse, and was 十分な of 計画（する）s for 革新s and 改良s. He talked learnedly about field drains, silage, and basic slag, and had worked out a 複雑にするd 計画／陰謀 for all the animals to 減少（する） their dung 直接／まっすぐに in the fields, at a different 位置／汚点／見つけ出す every day, to save the 労働 of cartage. Napoleon produced no 計画／陰謀s of his own, but said 静かに that Snowball's would come to nothing, and seemed to be 企て，努力，提案ing his time. But of all their 論争s, 非，不，無 was so bitter as the one that took place over the windmill.

In the long pasture, not far from the farm buildings, there was a small knoll which was the highest point on the farm. After 調査するing the ground, Snowball 宣言するd that this was just the place for a windmill, which could be made to operate a dynamo and 供給（する） the farm with 電気の 力／強力にする. This would light the 立ち往生させるs and warm them in winter, and would also run a circular saw, a chaff-切断機，沿岸警備艇, a mangel-slicer, and an electric milking machine. The animals had never heard of anything of this 肉親，親類d before (for the farm was an old-fashioned one and had only the most 原始の 機械／機構), and they listened in astonishment while Snowball conjured up pictures of fantastic machines which would do their work for them while they grazed at their 緩和する in the fields or 改善するd their minds with reading and conversation.

Within a few weeks Snowball's 計画（する）s for the windmill were fully worked out. The mechanical 詳細（に述べる）s （機の）カム mostly from three 調書をとる／予約するs which had belonged to Mr. Jones—'One Thousand Useful Things to Do About the House', 'Every Man His Own Bricklayer', and 'Electricity for Beginners'. Snowball used as his 熟考する／考慮する a shed which had once been used for incubators and had a smooth 木造の 床に打ち倒す, suitable for 製図／抽選 on. He was closeted there for hours at a time. With his 調書をとる／予約するs held open by a 石／投石する, and with a piece of chalk gripped between the knuckles of his trotter, he would move 速く to and fro, 製図／抽選 in line after line and uttering little whimpers of excitement. 徐々に the 計画（する）s grew into a 複雑にするd 集まり of cranks and cog-wheels, covering more than half the 床に打ち倒す, which the other animals 設立する 完全に unintelligible but very impressive. All of them （機の）カム to look at Snowball's 製図／抽選s at least once a day. Even the 女／おっせかい屋s and ducks （機の）カム, and were at 苦痛s not to tread on the chalk 示すs. Only Napoleon held aloof. He had 宣言するd himself against the windmill from the start. One day, however, he arrived 突然に to 診察する the 計画（する）s. He walked ひどく 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the shed, looked closely at every 詳細（に述べる） of the 計画（する）s and 消すd at them once or twice, then stood for a little while 熟視する／熟考するing them out of the corner of his 注目する，もくろむ; then suddenly he 解除するd his 脚, urinated over the 計画（する）s, and walked out without uttering a word.

The whole farm was 深く，強烈に divided on the 支配する of the windmill. Snowball did not 否定する that to build it would be a difficult 商売／仕事. 石／投石する would have to be carried and built up into 塀で囲むs, then the sails would have to be made and after that there would be need for dynamos and cables. (How these were to be procured, Snowball did not say.) But he 持続するd that it could all be done in a year. And thereafter, he 宣言するd, so much 労働 would be saved that the animals would only need to work three days a week. Napoleon, on the other 手渡す, argued that the 広大な／多数の／重要な need of the moment was to 増加する food 生産／産物, and that if they wasted time on the windmill they would all 餓死する to death. The animals formed themselves into two 派閥s under the スローガン, "投票（する） for Snowball and the three-day week" and "投票（する） for Napoleon and the 十分な manger." Benjamin was the only animal who did not 味方する with either 派閥. He 辞退するd to believe either that food would become more plentiful or that the windmill would save work. Windmill or no windmill, he said, life would go on as it had always gone on—that is, 不正に.

Apart from the 論争s over the windmill, there was the question of the defence of the farm. It was fully realised that though the human 存在s had been 敗北・負かすd in the 戦う／戦い of the Cowshed they might make another and more 決定するd 試みる／企てる to 再度捕まえる the farm and 復帰させる Mr. Jones. They had all the more 推論する／理由 for doing so because the news of their 敗北・負かす had spread across the countryside and made the animals on the 隣人ing farms more restive than ever. As usual, Snowball and Napoleon were in 不一致. によれば Napoleon, what the animals must do was to procure 小火器 and train themselves in the use of them. によれば Snowball, they must send out more and more pigeons and 動かす up 反乱 の中で the animals on the other farms. The one argued that if they could not defend themselves they were bound to be 征服する／打ち勝つd, the other argued that if 反乱s happened everywhere they would have no need to defend themselves. The animals listened first to Napoleon, then to Snowball, and could not （不足などを）補う their minds which was 権利; indeed, they always 設立する themselves in 協定 with the one who was speaking at the moment.

At last the day （機の）カム when Snowball's 計画（する）s were 完全にするd. At the 会合 on the に引き続いて Sunday the question of whether or not to begin work on the windmill was to be put to the 投票（する）. When the animals had 組み立てる／集結するd in the big barn, Snowball stood up and, though occasionally interrupted by bleating from the sheep, 始める，決める 前へ／外へ his 推論する／理由s for 支持するing the building of the windmill. Then Napoleon stood up to reply. He said very 静かに that the windmill was nonsense and that he advised nobody to 投票（する） for it, and 敏速に sat 負かす／撃墜する again; he had spoken for barely thirty seconds, and seemed almost indifferent as to the 影響 he produced. At this Snowball sprang to his feet, and shouting 負かす／撃墜する the sheep, who had begun bleating again, broke into a 熱烈な 控訴，上告 in favour of the windmill. Until now the animals had been about 平等に divided in their sympathies, but in a moment Snowball's eloquence had carried them away. In glowing 宣告，判決s he painted a picture of Animal Farm as it might be when sordid 労働 was 解除するd from the animals' 支援するs. His imagination had now run far beyond chaff-切断機，沿岸警備艇s and turnip-slicers. Electricity, he said, could operate threshing machines, ploughs, harrows, rollers, and reapers and binders, besides 供給（する）ing every 立ち往生させる with its own electric light, hot and 冷淡な water, and an electric heater. By the time he had finished speaking, there was no 疑問 as to which way the 投票（する） would go. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up and, casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball, uttered a high-pitched whimper of a 肉親，親類d no one had ever heard him utter before.

At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing 厚かましさ／高級将校連-studded collars （機の）カム bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws. In a moment he was out of the door and they were after him. Too amazed and 脅すd to speak, all the animals （人が）群がるd through the door to watch the chase. Snowball was racing across the long pasture that led to the road. He was running as only a pig can run, but the dogs were の近くに on his heels. Suddenly he slipped and it seemed 確かな that they had him. Then he was up again, running faster than ever, then the dogs were 伸び（る）ing on him again. One of them all but の近くにd his jaws on Snowball's tail, but Snowball 素早い行動d it 解放する／自由な just in time. Then he put on an extra spurt and, with a few インチs to spare, slipped through a 穴を開ける in the hedge and was seen no more.

Silent and terrified, the animals crept 支援する into the barn. In a moment the dogs （機の）カム bounding 支援する. At first no one had been able to imagine where these creatures （機の）カム from, but the problem was soon solved: they were the puppies whom Napoleon had taken away from their mothers and 後部d 個人として. Though not yet 十分な-grown, they were 抱擁する dogs, and as 猛烈な／残忍な-looking as wolves. They kept の近くに to Napoleon. It was noticed that they wagged their tails to him in the same way as the other dogs had been used to do to Mr. Jones.

Napoleon, with the dogs に引き続いて him, now 機動力のある on to the raised 部分 of the 床に打ち倒す where Major had 以前 stood to 配達する his speech. He 発表するd that 今後 the Sunday-morning 会合s would come to an end. They were unnecessary, he said, and wasted time. In 未来 all questions relating to the working of the farm would be settled by a special 委員会 of pigs, 統括するd over by himself. These would 会合，会う in 私的な and afterwards communicate their 決定／判定勝ち（する）s to the others. The animals would still 組み立てる／集結する on Sunday mornings to salute the 旗, sing 'Beasts of England', and receive their orders for the week; but there would be no more 審議s.

In spite of the shock that Snowball's 追放 had given them, the animals were 狼狽d by this 告示. Several of them would have 抗議するd if they could have 設立する the 権利 arguments. Even Boxer was ばく然と troubled. He 始める，決める his ears 支援する, shook his forelock several times, and tried hard to 保安官 his thoughts; but in the end he could not think of anything to say. Some of the pigs themselves, however, were more articulate. Four young porkers in the 前線 列／漕ぐ／騒動 uttered shrill squeals of 不賛成, and all four of them sprang to their feet and began speaking at once. But suddenly the dogs sitting 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Napoleon let out 深い, 脅迫的な growls, and the pigs fell silent and sat 負かす／撃墜する again. Then the sheep broke out into a tremendous bleating of "Four 脚s good, two 脚s bad!" which went on for nearly a ４半期/4分の1 of an hour and put an end to any chance of discussion.

Afterwards Squealer was sent 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the farm to explain the new 協定 to the others.

"Comrades," he said, "I 信用 that every animal here 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるs the sacrifice that Comrade Napoleon has made in taking this extra 労働 upon himself. Do not imagine, comrades, that leadership is a 楽しみ! On the contrary, it is a 深い and 激しい 責任／義務. No one believes more 堅固に than Comrade Napoleon that all animals are equal. He would be only too happy to let you make your 決定／判定勝ち（する）s for yourselves. But いつかs you might make the wrong 決定／判定勝ち（する）s, comrades, and then where should we be? Suppose you had decided to follow Snowball, with his moonshine of windmills—Snowball, who, as we now know, was no better than a 犯罪の?"

"He fought bravely at the 戦う／戦い of the Cowshed," said somebody.

"Bravery is not enough," said Squealer. "忠義 and obedience are more important. And as to the 戦う／戦い of the Cowshed, I believe the time will come when we shall find that Snowball's part in it was much 誇張するd. Discipline, comrades, アイロンをかける discipline! That is the watchword for today. One 誤った step, and our enemies would be upon us. Surely, comrades, you do not want Jones 支援する?"

Once again this argument was unanswerable. Certainly the animals did not want Jones 支援する; if the 持つ／拘留するing of 審議s on Sunday mornings was liable to bring him 支援する, then the 審議s must stop. Boxer, who had now had time to think things over, 発言する／表明するd the general feeling by 説: "If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be 権利." And from then on he 可決する・採択するd the maxim, "Napoleon is always 権利," in 新規加入 to his 私的な motto of "I will work harder."

By this time the 天候 had broken and the spring ploughing had begun. The shed where Snowball had drawn his 計画（する）s of the windmill had been shut up and it was assumed that the 計画（する）s had been rubbed off the 床に打ち倒す. Every Sunday morning at ten o'clock the animals 組み立てる／集結するd in the big barn to receive their orders for the week. The skull of old Major, now clean of flesh, had been disinterred from the orchard and 始める，決める up on a stump at the foot of the flagstaff, beside the gun. After the hoisting of the 旗, the animals were 要求するd to とじ込み／提出する past the skull in a reverent manner before entering the barn. Nowadays they did not sit all together as they had done in the past. Napoleon, with Squealer and another pig 指名するd Minimus, who had a remarkable gift for composing songs and poems, sat on the 前線 of the raised 壇・綱領・公約, with the nine young dogs forming a semicircle 一連の会議、交渉／完成する them, and the other pigs sitting behind. The 残り／休憩（する） of the animals sat 直面するing them in the main 団体／死体 of the barn. Napoleon read out the orders for the week in a gruff soldierly style, and after a 選び出す／独身 singing of 'Beasts of England', all the animals 分散させるd.

On the third Sunday after Snowball's 追放, the animals were somewhat surprised to hear Napoleon 発表する that the windmill was to be built after all. He did not give any 推論する／理由 for having changed his mind, but 単に 警告するd the animals that this extra 仕事 would mean very hard work, it might even be necessary to 減ずる their rations. The 計画（する）s, however, had all been 用意が出来ている, 負かす／撃墜する to the last 詳細（に述べる）. A special 委員会 of pigs had been at work upon them for the past three weeks. The building of the windmill, with さまざまな other 改良s, was 推定する／予想するd to take two years.

That evening Squealer explained 個人として to the other animals that Napoleon had never in reality been …に反対するd to the windmill. On the contrary, it was he who had 支持するd it in the beginning, and the 計画（する） which Snowball had drawn on the 床に打ち倒す of the incubator shed had 現実に been stolen from の中で Napoleon's papers. The windmill was, in fact, Napoleon's own 創造. Why, then, asked somebody, had he spoken so 堅固に against it? Here Squealer looked very sly. That, he said, was Comrade Napoleon's cunning. He had SEEMED to …に反対する the windmill, 簡単に as a manoeuvre to get rid of Snowball, who was a dangerous character and a bad 影響（力）. Now that Snowball was out of the way, the 計画（する） could go 今後 without his 干渉，妨害. This, said Squealer, was something called 策略. He repeated a number of times, "策略, comrades, 策略!" skipping 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 素早い行動ing his tail with a merry laugh. The animals were not 確かな what the word meant, but Squealer spoke so persuasively, and the three dogs who happened to be with him growled so threateningly, that they 受託するd his explanation without その上の questions.

一時期／支部 VI

All that year the animals worked like slaves. But they were happy in their work; they grudged no 成果／努力 or sacrifice, 井戸／弁護士席 aware that everything that they did was for the 利益 of themselves and those of their 肉親，親類d who would come after them, and not for a pack of idle, thieving human 存在s.

Throughout the spring and summer they worked a sixty-hour week, and in August Napoleon 発表するd that there would be work on Sunday afternoons 同様に. This work was 厳密に voluntary, but any animal who absented himself from it would have his rations 減ずるd by half. Even so, it was 設立する necessary to leave 確かな 仕事s undone. The 収穫 was a little いっそう少なく successful than in the previous year, and two fields which should have been sown with roots in the 早期に summer were not sown because the ploughing had not been 完全にするd 早期に enough. It was possible to 予知する that the coming winter would be a hard one.

The windmill 現在のd 予期しない difficulties. There was a good quarry of 石灰岩 on the farm, and plenty of sand and 固く結び付ける had been 設立する in one of the outhouses, so that all the 構成要素s for building were at 手渡す. But the problem the animals could not at first solve was how to break up the 石／投石する into pieces of suitable size. There seemed no way of doing this except with 選ぶs and crowbars, which no animal could use, because no animal could stand on his hind 脚s. Only after weeks of vain 成果／努力 did the 権利 idea occur to somebody-すなわち, to utilise the 軍隊 of gravity. 抱擁する 玉石s, far too big to be used as they were, were lying all over the bed of the quarry. The animals 攻撃するd ropes 一連の会議、交渉／完成する these, and then all together, cows, horses, sheep, any animal that could lay 持つ／拘留する of the rope—even the pigs いつかs joined in at 批判的な moments—they dragged them with desperate slowness up the slope to the 最高の，を越す of the quarry, where they were 倒れるd over the 辛勝する／優位, to 粉々にする to pieces below. 輸送（する）ing the 石／投石する when it was once broken was comparatively simple. The horses carried it off in cart-負担s, the sheep dragged 選び出す／独身 封鎖するs, even Muriel and Benjamin yoked themselves into an old governess-cart and did their 株. By late summer a 十分な 蓄える／店 of 石／投石する had 蓄積するd, and then the building began, under the superintendence of the pigs.

But it was a slow, laborious 過程. Frequently it took a whole day of exhausting 成果／努力 to drag a 選び出す／独身 玉石 to the 最高の，を越す of the quarry, and いつかs when it was 押し進めるd over the 辛勝する／優位 it failed to break. Nothing could have been 達成するd without Boxer, whose strength seemed equal to that of all the 残り／休憩（する） of the animals put together. When the 玉石 began to slip and the animals cried out in despair at finding themselves dragged 負かす／撃墜する the hill, it was always Boxer who 緊張するd himself against the rope and brought the 玉石 to a stop. To see him toiling up the slope インチ by インチ, his breath coming 急速な／放蕩な, the tips of his hoofs clawing at the ground, and his 広大な／多数の／重要な 味方するs matted with sweat, filled everyone with 賞賛. Clover 警告するd him いつかs to be careful not to overstrain himself, but Boxer would never listen to her. His two スローガンs, "I will work harder" and "Napoleon is always 権利," seemed to him a 十分な answer to all problems. He had made 手はず／準備 with the cockerel to call him three-４半期/4分の1s of an hour earlier in the mornings instead of half an hour. And in his spare moments, of which there were not many nowadays, he would go alone to the quarry, collect a 負担 of broken 石／投石する, and drag it 負かす／撃墜する to the 場所／位置 of the windmill unassisted.

The animals were not 不正に off throughout that summer, in spite of the hardness of their work. If they had no more food than they had had in Jones's day, at least they did not have いっそう少なく. The advantage of only having to 料金d themselves, and not having to support five extravagant human 存在s 同様に, was so 広大な／多数の／重要な that it would have taken a lot of 失敗s to outweigh it. And in many ways the animal method of doing things was more efficient and saved 労働. Such 職業s as weeding, for instance, could be done with a thoroughness impossible to human 存在s. And again, since no animal now stole, it was unnecessary to 盗品故買者 off pasture from arable land, which saved a lot of 労働 on the upkeep of hedges and gates. にもかかわらず, as the summer wore on, さまざまな unforeseen 不足s began to make them selves felt. There was need of paraffin oil, nails, string, dog 薄焼きパン／素焼陶器s, and アイロンをかける for the horses' shoes, 非，不，無 of which could be produced on the farm. Later there would also be need for seeds and 人工的な manures, besides さまざまな 道具s and, finally, the 機械／機構 for the windmill. How these were to be procured, no one was able to imagine.

One Sunday morning, when the animals 組み立てる／集結するd to receive their orders, Napoleon 発表するd that he had decided upon a new 政策. From now onwards Animal Farm would engage in 貿易（する） with the 隣人ing farms: not, of course, for any 商業の 目的, but 簡単に ーするために 得る 確かな 構成要素s which were 緊急に necessary. The needs of the windmill must 無視／無効 everything else, he said. He was therefore making 手はず／準備 to sell a stack of hay and part of the 現在の year's wheat 刈る, and later on, if more money were needed, it would have to be made up by the sale of eggs, for which there was always a market in Willingdon. The 女／おっせかい屋s, said Napoleon, should welcome this sacrifice as their own special 出資／貢献 に向かって the building of the windmill.

Once again the animals were conscious of a vague uneasiness. Never to have any 取引 with human 存在s, never to engage in 貿易（する）, never to make use of money—had not these been の中で the earliest 決意／決議s passed at that first 勝利を得た 会合 after Jones was expelled? All the animals remembered passing such 決意／決議s: or at least they thought that they remembered it. The four young pigs who had 抗議するd when Napoleon 廃止するd the 会合s raised their 発言する／表明するs timidly, but they were 敏速に silenced by a tremendous growling from the dogs. Then, as usual, the sheep broke into "Four 脚s good, two 脚s bad!" and the momentary awkwardness was smoothed over. Finally Napoleon raised his trotter for silence and 発表するd that he had already made all the 手はず／準備. There would be no need for any of the animals to come in 接触する with human 存在s, which would 明確に be most 望ましくない. He ーするつもりであるd to take the whole 重荷（を負わせる） upon his own shoulders. A Mr. Whymper, a solicitor living in Willingdon, had agreed to 行為／法令／行動する as intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world, and would visit the farm every Monday morning to receive his 指示／教授／教育s. Napoleon ended his speech with his usual cry of "Long live Animal Farm!" and after the singing of 'Beasts of England' the animals were 解任するd.

Afterwards Squealer made a 一連の会議、交渉／完成する of the farm and 始める，決める the animals' minds at 残り／休憩（する）. He 保証するd them that the 決意／決議 against engaging in 貿易（する） and using money had never been passed, or even 示唆するd. It was pure imagination, probably traceable in the beginning to lies 循環させるd by Snowball. A few animals still felt faintly doubtful, but Squealer asked them shrewdly, "Are you 確かな that this is not something that you have dreamed, comrades? Have you any 記録，記録的な／記録する of such a 決意／決議? Is it written 負かす／撃墜する anywhere?" And since it was certainly true that nothing of the 肉親，親類d 存在するd in 令状ing, the animals were 満足させるd that they had been mistaken.

Every Monday Mr. Whymper visited the farm as had been arranged. He was a sly-looking little man with 味方する whiskers, a solicitor in a very small way of 商売／仕事, but sharp enough to have realised earlier than anyone else that Animal Farm would need a 仲買人 and that the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限s would be 価値（がある） having. The animals watched his coming and going with a 肉親，親類d of dread, and 避けるd him as much as possible. にもかかわらず, the sight of Napoleon, on all fours, 配達するing orders to Whymper, who stood on two 脚s, roused their pride and partly reconciled them to the new 協定. Their relations with the human race were now not やめる the same as they had been before. The human 存在s did not hate Animal Farm any いっそう少なく now that it was 栄えるing; indeed, they hated it more than ever. Every human 存在 held it as an article of 約束 that the farm would go 破産者／倒産した sooner or later, and, above all, that the windmill would be a 失敗. They would 会合，会う in the public-houses and 証明する to one another by means of diagrams that the windmill was bound to 落ちる 負かす／撃墜する, or that if it did stand up, then that it would never work. And yet, against their will, they had developed a 確かな 尊敬（する）・点 for the efficiency with which the animals were managing their own 事件／事情／状勢s. One symptom of this was that they had begun to call Animal Farm by its proper 指名する and 中止するd to pretend that it was called the Manor Farm. They had also dropped their 選手権 of Jones, who had given up hope of getting his farm 支援する and gone to live in another part of the 郡. Except through Whymper, there was as yet no 接触する between Animal Farm and the outside world, but there were constant rumours that Napoleon was about to enter into a 限定された 商売／仕事 協定 either with Mr. Pilkington of Foxwood or with Mr. Frederick of Pinchfield—but never, it was noticed, with both 同時に.

It was about this time that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and took up their 住居 there. Again the animals seemed to remember that a 決意／決議 against this had been passed in the 早期に days, and again Squealer was able to 納得させる them that this was not the 事例／患者. It was 絶対 necessary, he said, that the pigs, who were the brains of the farm, should have a 静かな place to work in. It was also more ふさわしい to the dignity of the Leader (for of late he had taken to speaking of Napoleon under the 肩書を与える of "Leader") to live in a house than in a mere sty. にもかかわらず, some of the animals were 乱すd when they heard that the pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the 製図／抽選-room as a recreation room, but also slept in the beds. Boxer passed it off as usual with "Napoleon is always 権利!", but Clover, who thought she remembered a 限定された 判決，裁定 against beds, went to the end of the barn and tried to puzzle out the Seven Commandments which were inscribed there. Finding herself unable to read more than individual letters, she fetched Muriel.

"Muriel," she said, "read me the Fourth Commandment. Does it not say something about never sleeping in a bed?"

With some difficulty Muriel spelt it out.

"It says, 'No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets,"' she 発表するd finally.

Curiously enough, Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment について言及するd sheets; but as it was there on the 塀で囲む, it must have done so. And Squealer, who happened to be passing at this moment, …に出席するd by two or three dogs, was able to put the whole 事柄 in its proper 視野.

"You have heard then, comrades," he said, "that we pigs now sleep in the beds of the farmhouse? And why not? You did not suppose, surely, that there was ever a 判決，裁定 against beds? A bed 単に means a place to sleep in. A pile of straw in a 立ち往生させる is a bed, 適切に regarded. The 支配する was against sheets, which are a human 発明. We have 除去するd the sheets from the farmhouse beds, and sleep between 一面に覆う／毛布s. And very comfortable beds they are too! But not more comfortable than we need, I can tell you, comrades, with all the brainwork we have to do nowadays. You would not 略奪する us of our repose, would you, comrades? You would not have us too tired to carry out our 義務s? Surely 非，不，無 of you wishes to see Jones 支援する?"

The animals 安心させるd him on this point すぐに, and no more was said about the pigs sleeping in the farmhouse beds. And when, some days afterwards, it was 発表するd that 今後 the pigs would get up an hour later in the mornings than the other animals, no （民事の）告訴 was made about that either.

By the autumn the animals were tired but happy. They had had a hard year, and after the sale of part of the hay and corn, the 蓄える／店s of food for the winter were 非，不，無 too plentiful, but the windmill 補償するd for everything. It was almost half built now. After the 収穫 there was a stretch of （疑いを）晴らす 乾燥した，日照りの 天候, and the animals toiled harder than ever, thinking it 井戸／弁護士席 価値（がある） while to plod to and fro all day with 封鎖するs of 石／投石する if by doing so they could raise the 塀で囲むs another foot. Boxer would even come out at nights and work for an hour or two on his own by the light of the 収穫 moon. In their spare moments the animals would walk 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the half-finished mill, admiring the strength and perpendicularity of its 塀で囲むs and marvelling that they should ever have been able to build anything so 課すing. Only old Benjamin 辞退するd to grow enthusiastic about the windmill, though, as usual, he would utter nothing beyond the cryptic 発言／述べる that donkeys live a long time.

November （機の）カム, with 激怒（する）ing south-west 勝利，勝つd. Building had to stop because it was now too wet to mix the 固く結び付ける. Finally there （機の）カム a night when the 強風 was so violent that the farm buildings 激しく揺するd on their 創立／基礎s and several tiles were blown off the roof of the barn. The 女／おっせかい屋s woke up squawking with terror because they had all dreamed 同時に of 審理，公聴会 a gun go off in the distance. In the morning the animals （機の）カム out of their 立ち往生させるs to find that the flagstaff had been blown 負かす／撃墜する and an elm tree at the foot of the orchard had been plucked up like a radish. They had just noticed this when a cry of despair broke from every animal's throat. A terrible sight had met their 注目する，もくろむs. The windmill was in 廃虚s.

With one （許可，名誉などを）与える they dashed 負かす／撃墜する to the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す. Napoleon, who seldom moved out of a walk, raced ahead of them all. Yes, there it lay, the fruit of all their struggles, levelled to its 創立／基礎s, the 石／投石するs they had broken and carried so laboriously scattered all around. Unable at first to speak, they stood gazing mournfully at the litter of fallen 石／投石する. Napoleon paced to and fro in silence, occasionally 消すing at the ground. His tail had grown rigid and twitched はっきりと from 味方する to 味方する, a 調印する in him of 激しい mental activity. Suddenly he 停止（させる）d as though his mind were made up.

"Comrades," he said 静かに, "do you know who is 責任がある this? Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL!" he suddenly roared in a 発言する／表明する of 雷鳴. "Snowball has done this thing! In sheer malignity, thinking to 始める，決める 支援する our 計画（する）s and avenge himself for his ignominious 追放, this 反逆者 has crept here under cover of night and destroyed our work of nearly a year. Comrades, here and now I pronounce the death 宣告，判決 upon Snowball. 'Animal Hero, Second Class,' and half a bushel of apples to any animal who brings him to 司法（官）. A 十分な bushel to anyone who 逮捕（する）s him alive!"

The animals were shocked beyond 手段 to learn that even Snowball could be 有罪の of such an 活動／戦闘. There was a cry of indignation, and everyone began thinking out ways of catching Snowball if he should ever come 支援する. Almost すぐに the 足跡s of a pig were discovered in the grass at a little distance from the knoll. They could only be traced for a few yards, but appeared to lead to a 穴を開ける in the hedge. Napoleon 消すd 深く，強烈に at them and pronounced them to be Snowball's. He gave it as his opinion that Snowball had probably come from the direction of Foxwood Farm.

"No more 延期するs, comrades!" cried Napoleon when the 足跡s had been 診察するd. "There is work to be done. This very morning we begin 再構築するing the windmill, and we will build all through the winter, rain or 向こうずね. We will teach this 哀れな 反逆者 that he cannot undo our work so easily. Remember, comrades, there must be no alteration in our 計画（する）s: they shall be carried out to the day. 今後, comrades! Long live the windmill! Long live Animal Farm!"

一時期／支部 VII

It was a bitter winter. The 嵐の 天候 was followed by sleet and snow, and then by a hard 霜 which did not break till 井戸／弁護士席 into February. The animals carried on as best they could with the 再構築するing of the windmill, 井戸／弁護士席 knowing that the outside world was watching them and that the envious human 存在s would rejoice and 勝利 if the mill were not finished on time.

Out of spite, the human 存在s pretended not to believe that it was Snowball who had destroyed the windmill: they said that it had fallen 負かす／撃墜する because the 塀で囲むs were too thin. The animals knew that this was not the 事例／患者. Still, it had been decided to build the 塀で囲むs three feet 厚い this time instead of eighteen インチs as before, which meant collecting much larger 量s of 石／投石する. For a long time the quarry was 十分な of snowdrifts and nothing could be done. Some 進歩 was made in the 乾燥した，日照りの frosty 天候 that followed, but it was cruel work, and the animals could not feel so 希望に満ちた about it as they had felt before. They were always 冷淡な, and usually hungry 同様に. Only Boxer and Clover never lost heart. Squealer made excellent speeches on the joy of service and the dignity of 労働, but the other animals 設立する more inspiration in Boxer's strength and his never-failing cry of "I will work harder!"

In January food fell short. The corn ration was 徹底的に 減ずるd, and it was 発表するd that an extra potato ration would be 問題／発行するd to （不足などを）補う for it. Then it was discovered that the greater part of the potato 刈る had been 霜d in the clamps, which had not been covered thickly enough. The potatoes had become soft and discoloured, and only a few were edible. For days at a time the animals had nothing to eat but chaff and mangels. 餓死 seemed to 星／主役にする them in the 直面する.

It was vitally necessary to 隠す this fact from the outside world. Emboldened by the 崩壊（する） of the windmill, the human 存在s were inventing fresh lies about Animal Farm. Once again it was 存在 put about that all the animals were dying of 飢饉 and 病気, and that they were continually fighting の中で themselves and had 訴える手段／行楽地d to cannibalism and infanticide. Napoleon was 井戸／弁護士席 aware of the bad results that might follow if the real facts of the food 状況／情勢 were known, and he decided to make use of Mr. Whymper to spread a contrary impression. Hitherto the animals had had little or no 接触する with Whymper on his 週刊誌 visits: now, however, a few selected animals, mostly sheep, were 教えるd to 発言／述べる casually in his 審理，公聴会 that rations had been 増加するd. In 新規加入, Napoleon ordered the almost empty 貯蔵所s in the 蓄える／店-shed to be filled nearly to the brim with sand, which was then covered up with what remained of the 穀物 and meal. On some suitable pretext Whymper was led through the 蓄える／店-shed and 許すd to catch a glimpse of the 貯蔵所s. He was deceived, and continued to 報告（する）／憶測 to the outside world that there was no food 不足 on Animal Farm.

にもかかわらず, に向かって the end of January it became obvious that it would be necessary to procure some more 穀物 from somewhere. In these days Napoleon rarely appeared in public, but spent all his time in the farmhouse, which was guarded at each door by 猛烈な／残忍な-looking dogs. When he did 現れる, it was in a 儀式の manner, with an 護衛する of six dogs who closely surrounded him and growled if anyone （機の）カム too 近づく. Frequently he did not even appear on Sunday mornings, but 問題／発行するd his orders through one of the other pigs, usually Squealer.

One Sunday morning Squealer 発表するd that the 女／おっせかい屋s, who had just come in to lay again, must 降伏する their eggs. Napoleon had 受託するd, through Whymper, a 契約 for four hundred eggs a week. The price of these would 支払う／賃金 for enough 穀物 and meal to keep the farm going till summer （機の）カム on and 条件s were easier.

When the 女／おっせかい屋s heard this, they raised a terrible 激しい抗議. They had been 警告するd earlier that this sacrifice might be necessary, but had not believed that it would really happen. They were just getting their clutches ready for the spring sitting, and they 抗議するd that to take the eggs away now was 殺人. For the first time since the 追放 of Jones, there was something 似ているing a 反乱. Led by three young 黒人／ボイコット Minorca pullets, the 女／おっせかい屋s made a 決定するd 成果／努力 to 妨害する Napoleon's wishes. Their method was to 飛行機で行く up to the rafters and there lay their eggs, which 粉砕するd to pieces on the 床に打ち倒す. Napoleon 行為／法令／行動するd 速く and ruthlessly. He ordered the 女／おっせかい屋s' rations to be stopped, and 法令d that any animal giving so much as a 穀物 of corn to a 女／おっせかい屋 should be punished by death. The dogs saw to it that these orders were carried out. For five days the 女／おっせかい屋s held out, then they capitulated and went 支援する to their nesting boxes. Nine 女／おっせかい屋s had died in the 合間. Their 団体／死体s were buried in the orchard, and it was given out that they had died of coccidiosis. Whymper heard nothing of this 事件／事情／状勢, and the eggs were duly 配達するd, a grocer's 先頭 運動ing up to the farm once a week to take them away.

All this while no more had been seen of Snowball. He was rumoured to be hiding on one of the 隣人ing farms, either Foxwood or Pinchfield. Napoleon was by this time on わずかに better 条件 with the other 農業者s than before. It happened that there was in the yard a pile of 木材／素質 which had been stacked there ten years earlier when a beech spinney was （疑いを）晴らすd. It was 井戸／弁護士席 seasoned, and Whymper had advised Napoleon to sell it; both Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick were anxious to buy it. Napoleon was hesitating between the two, unable to （不足などを）補う his mind. It was noticed that whenever he seemed on the point of coming to an 協定 with Frederick, Snowball was 宣言するd to be in hiding at Foxwood, while, when he inclined toward Pilkington, Snowball was said to be at Pinchfield.

Suddenly, 早期に in the spring, an alarming thing was discovered. Snowball was 内密に たびたび（訪れる）ing the farm by night! The animals were so 乱すd that they could hardly sleep in their 立ち往生させるs. Every night, it was said, he （機の）カム creeping in under cover of 不明瞭 and 成し遂げるd all 肉親，親類d of mischief. He stole the corn, he upset the milk-pails, he broke the eggs, he trampled the seedbeds, he gnawed the bark off the fruit trees. Whenever anything went wrong it became usual to せいにする it to Snowball. If a window was broken or a drain was 封鎖するd up, someone was 確かな to say that Snowball had come in the night and done it, and when the 重要な of the 蓄える／店-shed was lost, the whole farm was 納得させるd that Snowball had thrown it 負かす／撃墜する the 井戸／弁護士席. Curiously enough, they went on believing this even after the mislaid 重要な was 設立する under a 解雇（する） of meal. The cows 宣言するd 全員一致で that Snowball crept into their 立ち往生させるs and milked them in their sleep. The ネズミs, which had been troublesome that winter, were also said to be in league with Snowball.

Napoleon 法令d that there should be a 十分な 調査 into Snowball's activities. With his dogs in 出席 he 始める，決める out and made a careful 小旅行する of 査察 of the farm buildings, the other animals に引き続いて at a respectful distance. At every few steps Napoleon stopped and 消すd the ground for traces of Snowball's footsteps, which, he said, he could （悪事，秘密などを）発見する by the smell. He 消すd in every corner, in the barn, in the cow-shed, in the henhouses, in the vegetable garden, and 設立する traces of Snowball almost everywhere. He would put his snout to the ground, give several 深い 匂いをかぐs, 広告 exclaim in a terrible 発言する／表明する, "Snowball! He has been here! I can smell him distinctly!" and at the word "Snowball" all the dogs let out 血-curdling growls and showed their 味方する teeth.

The animals were 完全に 脅すd. It seemed to them as though Snowball were some 肉親，親類d of invisible 影響（力）, pervading the 空気／公表する about them and 脅迫的な them with all 肉親，親類d of dangers. In the evening Squealer called them together, and with an alarmed 表現 on his 直面する told them that he had some serious news to 報告（する）／憶測.

"Comrades!" cried Squealer, making little nervous skips, "a most terrible thing has been discovered. Snowball has sold himself to Frederick of Pinchfield Farm, who is even now plotting to attack us and take our farm away from us! Snowball is to 行為／法令／行動する as his guide when the attack begins. But there is worse than that. We had thought that Snowball's 反乱 was 原因（となる）d 簡単に by his vanity and ambition. But we were wrong, comrades. Do you know what the real 推論する／理由 was? Snowball was in league with Jones from the very start! He was Jones's secret スパイ／執行官 all the time. It has all been 証明するd by 文書s which he left behind him and which we have only just discovered. To my mind this explains a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定, comrades. Did we not see for ourselves how he 試みる／企てるd—fortunately without success—to get us 敗北・負かすd and destroyed at the 戦う／戦い of the Cowshed?"

The animals were stupefied. This was a wickedness far outdoing Snowball's 破壊 of the windmill. But it was some minutes before they could fully take it in. They all remembered, or thought they remembered, how they had seen Snowball 非難する ahead of them at the 戦う／戦い of the Cowshed, how he had 決起大会／結集させるd and encouraged them at every turn, and how he had not paused for an instant even when the pellets from Jones's gun had 負傷させるd his 支援する. At first it was a little difficult to see how this fitted in with his 存在 on Jones's 味方する. Even Boxer, who seldom asked questions, was puzzled. He lay 負かす／撃墜する, tucked his fore hoofs beneath him, shut his 注目する，もくろむs, and with a hard 成果／努力 managed to 明確に表す his thoughts.

"I do not believe that," he said. "Snowball fought bravely at the 戦う／戦い of the Cowshed. I saw him myself. Did we not give him 'Animal Hero, first Class,' すぐに afterwards?"

"That was our mistake, comrade. For we know now—it is all written 負かす／撃墜する in the secret 文書s that we have 設立する—that in reality he was trying to 誘惑する us to our doom."

"But he was 負傷させるd," said Boxer. "We all saw him running with 血."

"That was part of the 協定!" cried Squealer. "Jones's 発射 only grazed him. I could show you this in his own 令状ing, if you were able to read it. The 陰謀（を企てる） was for Snowball, at the 批判的な moment, to give the signal for flight and leave the field to the enemy. And he very nearly 後継するd—I will even say, comrades, he WOULD have 後継するd if it had not been for our heroic Leader, Comrade Napoleon. Do you not remember how, just at the moment when Jones and his men had got inside the yard, Snowball suddenly turned and fled, and many animals followed him? And do you not remember, too, that it was just at that moment, when panic was spreading and all seemed lost, that Comrade Napoleon sprang 今後 with a cry of 'Death to Humanity!' and sank his teeth in Jones's 脚? Surely you remember THAT, comrades?" exclaimed Squealer, frisking from 味方する to 味方する.

Now when Squealer 述べるd the scene so graphically, it seemed to the animals that they did remember it. At any 率, they remembered that at the 批判的な moment of the 戦う／戦い Snowball had turned to 逃げる. But Boxer was still a little uneasy.

"I do not believe that Snowball was a 反逆者 at the beginning," he said finally. "What he has done since is different. But I believe that at the 戦う／戦い of the Cowshed he was a good comrade."

"Our Leader, Comrade Napoleon," 発表するd Squealer, speaking very slowly and 堅固に, "has 明言する／公表するd categorically—categorically, comrade—that Snowball was Jones's スパイ／執行官 from the very beginning—yes, and from long before the 反乱 was ever thought of."

"Ah, that is different!" said Boxer. "If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be 権利."

"That is the true spirit, comrade!" cried Squealer, but it was noticed he cast a very ugly look at Boxer with his little twinkling 注目する，もくろむs. He turned to go, then paused and 追加するd impressively: "I 警告する every animal on this farm to keep his 注目する，もくろむs very wide open. For we have 推論する／理由 to think that some of Snowball's secret スパイ／執行官s are lurking の中で us at this moment!"

Four days later, in the late afternoon, Napoleon ordered all the animals to 組み立てる／集結する in the yard. When they were all gathered together, Napoleon 現れるd from the farmhouse, wearing both his メダルs (for he had recently awarded himself "Animal Hero, First Class", and "Animal Hero, Second Class"), with his nine 抱擁する dogs frisking 一連の会議、交渉／完成する him and uttering growls that sent shivers 負かす／撃墜する all the animals' spines. They all cowered silently in their places, seeming to know in 前進する that some terrible thing was about to happen.

Napoleon stood 厳しく 調査するing his audience; then he uttered a high-pitched whimper. すぐに the dogs bounded 今後, 掴むd four of the pigs by the ear and dragged them, squealing with 苦痛 and terror, to Napoleon's feet. The pigs' ears were bleeding, the dogs had tasted 血, and for a few moments they appeared to go やめる mad. To the amazement of everybody, three of them flung themselves upon Boxer. Boxer saw them coming and put out his 広大な／多数の／重要な hoof, caught a dog in 中央の-空気／公表する, and pinned him to the ground. The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails between their 脚s. Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should 鎮圧する the dog to death or let it go. Napoleon appeared to change countenance, and はっきりと ordered Boxer to let the dog go, whereat Boxer 解除するd his hoof, and the dog slunk away, bruised and howling.

Presently the tumult died 負かす／撃墜する. The four pigs waited, trembling, with 犯罪 written on every line of their countenances. Napoleon now called upon them to 自白する their 罪，犯罪s. They were the same four pigs as had 抗議するd when Napoleon 廃止するd the Sunday 会合s. Without any その上の 誘発するing they 自白するd that they had been 内密に in touch with Snowball ever since his 追放, that they had 共同製作するd with him in destroying the windmill, and that they had entered into an 協定 with him to を引き渡す Animal Farm to Mr. Frederick. They 追加するd that Snowball had 個人として 認める to them that he had been Jones's secret スパイ／執行官 for years past. When they had finished their 自白, the dogs 敏速に tore their throats out, and in a terrible 発言する／表明する Napoleon 需要・要求するd whether any other animal had anything to 自白する.

The three 女／おっせかい屋s who had been the ringleaders in the 試みる／企てるd 反乱 over the eggs now （機の）カム 今後 and 明言する／公表するd that Snowball had appeared to them in a dream and 刺激するd them to disobey Napoleon's orders. They, too, were 虐殺（する）d. Then a goose （機の）カム 今後 and 自白するd to having secreted six ears of corn during the last year's 収穫 and eaten them in the night. Then a sheep 自白するd to having urinated in the drinking pool—勧めるd to do this, so she said, by Snowball—and two other sheep 自白するd to having 殺人d an old 押し通す, an 特に 充てるd 信奉者 of Napoleon, by chasing him 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する a bonfire when he was 苦しむing from a cough. They were all 殺害された on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す. And so the tale of 自白s and 死刑執行s went on, until there was a pile of 死体s lying before Napoleon's feet and the 空気／公表する was 激しい with the smell of 血, which had been unknown there since the 追放 of Jones.

When it was all over, the remaining animals, except for the pigs and dogs, crept away in a 団体／死体. They were shaken and 哀れな. They did not know which was more shocking—the treachery of the animals who had leagued themselves with Snowball, or the cruel 天罰 they had just 証言，証人／目撃するd. In the old days there had often been scenes of 流血／虐殺 平等に terrible, but it seemed to all of them that it was far worse now that it was happening の中で themselves. Since Jones had left the farm, until today, no animal had killed another animal. Not even a ネズミ had been killed. They had made their way on to the little knoll where the half-finished windmill stood, and with one （許可，名誉などを）与える they all lay 負かす／撃墜する as though 密談する／（身体を）寄せ集めるing together for warmth—Clover, Muriel, Benjamin, the cows, the sheep, and a whole flock of geese and 女／おっせかい屋s—everyone, indeed, except the cat, who had suddenly disappeared just before Napoleon ordered the animals to 組み立てる／集結する. For some time nobody spoke. Only Boxer remained on his feet. He fidgeted to and fro, swishing his long 黒人／ボイコット tail against his 味方するs and occasionally uttering a little whinny of surprise. Finally he said:

"I do not understand it. I would not have believed that such things could happen on our farm. It must be 予定 to some fault in ourselves. The 解答, as I see it, is to work harder. From now onwards I shall get up a 十分な hour earlier in the mornings."

And he moved off at his 板材ing trot and made for the quarry. Having got there, he collected two 連続する 負担s of 石／投石する and dragged them 負かす／撃墜する to the windmill before retiring for the night.

The animals 密談する／（身体を）寄せ集めるd about Clover, not speaking. The knoll where they were lying gave them a wide prospect across the countryside. Most of Animal Farm was within their 見解（をとる）—the long pasture stretching 負かす／撃墜する to the main road, the hayfield, the spinney, the drinking pool, the ploughed fields where the young wheat was 厚い and green, and the red roofs of the farm buildings with the smoke curling from the chimneys. It was a （疑いを）晴らす spring evening. The grass and the bursting hedges were gilded by the level rays of the sun. Never had the farm—and with a 肉親，親類d of surprise they remembered that it was their own farm, every インチ of it their own 所有物／資産／財産—appeared to the animals so 望ましい a place. As Clover looked 負かす／撃墜する the hillside her 注目する，もくろむs filled with 涙／ほころびs. If she could have spoken her thoughts, it would have been to say that this was not what they had 目的（とする）d at when they had 始める，決める themselves years ago to work for the 倒す of the human race. These scenes of terror and 虐殺（する） were not what they had looked 今後 to on that night when old Major first stirred them to 反乱. If she herself had had any picture of the 未来, it had been of a society of animals 始める，決める 解放する／自由な from hunger and the whip, all equal, each working によれば his capacity, the strong 保護するing the weak, as she had 保護するd the lost brood of ducklings with her foreleg on the night of Major's speech. Instead—she did not know why—they had come to a time when no one dared speak his mind, when 猛烈な／残忍な, growling dogs roamed everywhere, and when you had to watch your comrades torn to pieces after 自白するing to shocking 罪，犯罪s. There was no thought of 反乱 or disobedience in her mind. She knew that, even as things were, they were far better off than they had been in the days of Jones, and that before all else it was needful to 妨げる the return of the human 存在s. Whatever happened she would remain faithful, work hard, carry out the orders that were given to her, and 受託する the leadership of Napoleon. But still, it was not for this that she and all the other animals had hoped and toiled. It was not for this that they had built the windmill and 直面するd the 弾丸s of Jones's gun. Such were her thoughts, though she 欠如（する）d the words to 表明する them.

At last, feeling this to be in some way a 代用品，人 for the words she was unable to find, she began to sing 'Beasts of England'. The other animals sitting 一連の会議、交渉／完成する her took it up, and they sang it three times over—very tunefully, but slowly and mournfully, in a way they had never sung it before.

They had just finished singing it for the third time when Squealer, …に出席するd by two dogs, approached them with the 空気／公表する of having something important to say. He 発表するd that, by a special 法令 of Comrade Napoleon, 'Beasts of England' had been 廃止するd. From now onwards it was forbidden to sing it.

The animals were taken aback.

"Why?" cried Muriel.

"It's no longer needed, comrade," said Squealer stiffly. "'Beasts of England' was the song of the 反乱. But the 反乱 is now 完全にするd. The 死刑執行 of the 反逆者s this afternoon was the final 行為／法令／行動する. The enemy both 外部の and 内部の has been 敗北・負かすd. In 'Beasts of England' we 表明するd our longing for a better society in days to come. But that society has now been 設立するd. 明確に this song has no longer any 目的."

脅すd though they were, some of the animals might かもしれない have 抗議するd, but at this moment the sheep 始める，決める up their usual bleating of "Four 脚s good, two 脚s bad," which went on for several minutes and put an end to the discussion.

So 'Beasts of England' was heard no more. In its place Minimus, the poet, had composed another song which began:

Animal Farm, Animal Farm,
Never through me shalt thou come to 害（を与える）!

and this was sung every Sunday morning after the hoisting of the 旗. But somehow neither the words nor the tune ever seemed to the animals to come up to 'Beasts of England'.

一時期／支部 VIII

A few days later, when the terror 原因（となる）d by the 死刑執行s had died 負かす／撃墜する, some of the animals remembered—or thought they remembered—that the Sixth Commandment 法令d "No animal shall kill any other animal." And though no one cared to について言及する it in the 審理，公聴会 of the pigs or the dogs, it was felt that the 殺人，大当りs which had taken place did not square with this. Clover asked Benjamin to read her the Sixth Commandment, and when Benjamin, as usual, said that he 辞退するd to 干渉する such 事柄s, she fetched Muriel. Muriel read the Commandment for her. It ran: "No animal shall kill any other animal WITHOUT CAUSE." Somehow or other, the last two words had slipped out of the animals' memory. But they saw now that the Commandment had not been 侵害する／違反するd; for 明確に there was good 推論する／理由 for 殺人，大当り the 反逆者s who had leagued themselves with Snowball.

Throughout the year the animals worked even harder than they had worked in the previous year. To 再構築する the windmill, with 塀で囲むs twice as 厚い as before, and to finish it by the 任命するd date, together with the 正規の／正選手 work of the farm, was a tremendous 労働. There were times when it seemed to the animals that they worked longer hours and fed no better than they had done in Jones's day. On Sunday mornings Squealer, 持つ／拘留するing 負かす／撃墜する a long （土地などの）細長い一片 of paper with his trotter, would read out to them 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）s of 人物／姿／数字s 証明するing that the 生産／産物 of every class of foodstuff had 増加するd by two hundred per cent, three hundred per cent, or five hundred per cent, as the 事例／患者 might be. The animals saw no 推論する／理由 to disbelieve him, 特に as they could no longer remember very 明確に what 条件s had been like before the 反乱. All the same, there were days when they felt that they would sooner have had いっそう少なく 人物／姿／数字s and more food.

All orders were now 問題／発行するd through Squealer or one of the other pigs. Napoleon himself was not seen in public as often as once in a fortnight. When he did appear, he was …に出席するd not only by his retinue of dogs but by a 黒人／ボイコット cockerel who marched in 前線 of him and 行為／法令／行動するd as a 肉親，親類d of trumpeter, letting out a loud "cock-a-doodle-doo" before Napoleon spoke. Even in the farmhouse, it was said, Napoleon 住むd separate apartments from the others. He took his meals alone, with two dogs to wait upon him, and always ate from the 栄冠を与える Derby dinner service which had been in the glass cupboard in the 製図／抽選-room. It was also 発表するd that the gun would be 解雇する／砲火／射撃d every year on Napoleon's birthday, as 井戸／弁護士席 as on the other two 周年記念日s.

Napoleon was now never spoken of 簡単に as "Napoleon." He was always referred to in formal style as "our Leader, Comrade Napoleon," and this pigs liked to invent for him such 肩書を与えるs as Father of All Animals, Terror of Mankind, Protector of the Sheep-倍の, Ducklings' Friend, and the like. In his speeches, Squealer would talk with the 涙／ほころびs rolling 負かす／撃墜する his cheeks of Napoleon's 知恵 the goodness of his heart, and the 深い love he bore to all animals everywhere, even and 特に the unhappy animals who still lived in ignorance and slavery on other farms. It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful 業績／成就 and every 一打／打撃 of good fortune. You would often hear one 女／おっせかい屋 発言／述べる to another, "Under the 指導／手引 of our Leader, Comrade Napoleon, I have laid five eggs in six days"; or two cows, enjoying a drink at the pool, would exclaim, "Thanks to the leadership of Comrade Napoleon, how excellent this water tastes!" The general feeling on the farm was 井戸／弁護士席 表明するd in a poem する権利を与えるd Comrade Napoleon, which was composed by Minimus and which ran as follows:

Friend of fatherless!
Fountain of happiness!
Lord of the swill-bucket! Oh, how my soul is on
解雇する／砲火／射撃 when I gaze at thy
静める and 命令（する）ing 注目する，もくろむ,
Like the sun in the sky,
Comrade Napoleon!

Thou are the giver of
All that thy creatures love,
十分な belly twice a day, clean straw to roll upon;
Every beast 広大な／多数の／重要な or small
Sleeps at peace in his 立ち往生させる,
Thou watchest over all,
Comrade Napoleon!

Had I a sucking-pig,
Ere he had grown as big
Even as a pint 瓶／封じ込める or as a rolling-pin,
He should have learned to be
Faithful and true to thee,
Yes, his first squeak should be
"Comrade Napoleon!"

Napoleon 認可するd of this poem and 原因（となる）d it to be inscribed on the 塀で囲む of the big barn, at the opposite end from the Seven Commandments. It was surmounted by a portrait of Napoleon, in profile, 遂行する／発効させるd by Squealer in white paint.

一方／合間, through the 機関 of Whymper, Napoleon was engaged in 複雑にするd 交渉s with Frederick and Pilkington. The pile of 木材／素質 was still unsold. Of the two, Frederick was the more anxious to get 持つ／拘留する of it, but he would not 申し込む／申し出 a reasonable price. At the same time there were 新たにするd rumours that Frederick and his men were plotting to attack Animal Farm and to destroy the windmill, the building of which had 誘発するd furious jealousy in him. Snowball was known to be still skulking on Pinchfield Farm. In the middle of the summer the animals were alarmed to hear that three 女／おっせかい屋s had come 今後 and 自白するd that, 奮起させるd by Snowball, they had entered into a 陰謀（を企てる） to 殺人 Napoleon. They were 遂行する／発効させるd すぐに, and fresh 警戒s for Napoleon's safety were taken. Four dogs guarded his bed at night, one at each corner, and a young pig 指名するd Pinkeye was given the 仕事 of tasting all his food before he ate it, lest it should be 毒（薬）d.

At about the same time it was given out that Napoleon had arranged to sell the pile of 木材／素質 to Mr. Pilkington; he was also going to enter into a 正規の／正選手 協定 for the 交流 of 確かな 製品s between Animal Farm and Foxwood. The relations between Napoleon and Pilkington, though they were only 行為／行うd through Whymper, were now almost friendly. The animals 不信d Pilkington, as a human 存在, but 大いに preferred him to Frederick, whom they both 恐れるd and hated. As the summer wore on, and the windmill 近づくd 完成, the rumours of an 差し迫った 背信の attack grew stronger and stronger. Frederick, it was said, ーするつもりであるd to bring against them twenty men all 武装した with guns, and he had already 賄賂d the 治安判事s and police, so that if he could once get 持つ／拘留する of the 肩書を与える-行為s of Animal Farm they would ask no questions. Moreover, terrible stories were 漏れるing out from Pinchfield about the cruelties that Frederick practised upon his animals. He had flogged an old horse to death, he 餓死するd his cows, he had killed a dog by throwing it into the furnace, he amused himself in the evenings by making cocks fight with 後援s of かみそり-blade tied to their 刺激（する）s. The animals' 血 boiled with 激怒（する） when they heard of these things beingdone to their comrades, and いつかs they clamoured to be 許すd to go out in a 団体／死体 and attack Pinchfield Farm, 運動 out the humans, and 始める，決める the animals 解放する／自由な. But Squealer counselled them to 避ける 無分別な 活動／戦闘s and 信用 in Comrade Napoleon's 戦略.

にもかかわらず, feeling against Frederick continued to run high. One Sunday morning Napoleon appeared in the barn and explained that he had never at any time 熟視する／熟考するd selling the pile of 木材／素質 to Frederick; he considered it beneath his dignity, he said, to have 取引 with scoundrels of that description. The pigeons who were still sent out to spread tidings of the 反乱 were forbidden to 始める，決める foot anywhere on Foxwood, and were also ordered to 減少（する） their former スローガン of "Death to Humanity" in favour of "Death to Frederick." In the late summer yet another of Snowball's machinations was laid 明らかにする. The wheat 刈る was 十分な of 少しのd, and it was discovered that on one of his nocturnal visits Snowball had mixed 少しのd seeds with the seed corn. A gander who had been privy to the 陰謀（を企てる） had 自白するd his 犯罪 to Squealer and すぐに committed 自殺 by swallowing deadly nightshade berries. The animals now also learned that Snowball had never—as many of them had believed hitherto—received the order of "Animal Hero, First Class." This was 単に a legend which had been spread some time after the 戦う／戦い of the Cowshed by Snowball himself. So far from 存在 decorated, he had been 非難d for showing cowardice in the 戦う／戦い. Once again some of the animals heard this with a 確かな bewilderment, but Squealer was soon able to 納得させる them that their memories had been at fault.

In the autumn, by a tremendous, exhausting 成果／努力—for the 収穫 had to be gathered at almost the same time—the windmill was finished. The 機械／機構 had still to be 任命する／導入するd, and Whymper was 交渉するing the 購入（する） of it, but the structure was 完全にするd. In the teeth of every difficulty, in spite of inexperience, of 原始の 器具／実施するs, of bad luck and of Snowball's treachery, the work had been finished punctually to the very day! Tired out but proud, the animals walked 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する their masterpiece, which appeared even more beautiful in their 注目する，もくろむs than when it had been built the first time. Moreover, the 塀で囲むs were twice as 厚い as before. Nothing short of 爆発性のs would lay them low this time! And when they thought of how they had 労働d, what discouragements they had 打ち勝つ, and the enormous difference that would be made in their lives when the sails were turning and the dynamos running—when they thought of all this, their tiredness forsook them and they gambolled 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the windmill, uttering cries of 勝利. Napoleon himself, …に出席するd by his dogs and his cockerel, （機の）カム 負かす／撃墜する to 検査／視察する the 完全にするd work; he 本人自身で congratulated the animals on their 業績／成就, and 発表するd that the mill would be 指名するd Napoleon Mill.

Two days later the animals were called together for a special 会合 in the barn. They were struck dumb with surprise when Napoleon 発表するd that he had sold the pile of 木材／素質 to Frederick. Tomorrow Frederick's wagons would arrive and begin carting it away. Throughout the whole period of his seeming friendship with Pilkington, Napoleon had really been in secret 協定 with Frederick.

All relations with Foxwood had been broken off; 侮辱ing messages had been sent to Pilkington. The pigeons had been told to 避ける Pinchfield Farm and to alter their スローガン from "Death to Frederick" to "Death to Pilkington." At the same time Napoleon 保証するd the animals that the stories of an 差し迫った attack on Animal Farm were 完全に untrue, and that the tales about Frederick's cruelty to his own animals had been 大いに 誇張するd. All these rumours had probably 起こる／始まるd with Snowball and his スパイ／執行官s. It now appeared that Snowball was not, after all, hiding on Pinchfield Farm, and in fact had never been there in his life: he was living—in かなりの 高級な, so it was said—at Foxwood, and had in reality been a pensioner of Pilkington for years past.

The pigs were in ecstasies over Napoleon's cunning. By seeming to be friendly with Pilkington he had 軍隊d Frederick to raise his price by twelve 続けざまに猛撃するs. But the superior 質 of Napoleon's mind, said Squealer, was shown in the fact that he 信用d nobody, not even Frederick. Frederick had 手配中の，お尋ね者 to 支払う／賃金 for the 木材／素質 with something called a cheque, which, it seemed, was a piece of paper with a 約束 to 支払う／賃金 written upon it. But Napoleon was too clever for him. He had 需要・要求するd 支払い（額） in real five-続けざまに猛撃する 公式文書，認めるs, which were to be 手渡すd over before the 木材／素質 was 除去するd. Already Frederick had paid up; and the sum he had paid was just enough to buy the 機械／機構 for the windmill.

一方／合間 the 木材／素質 was 存在 carted away at high 速度(を上げる）. When it was all gone, another special 会合 was held in the barn for the animals to 検査／視察する Frederick's bank-公式文書，認めるs. Smiling beatifically, and wearing both his decorations, Napoleon reposed on a bed of straw on the 壇・綱領・公約, with the money at his 味方する, neatly piled on a 磁器 dish from the farmhouse kitchen. The animals とじ込み／提出するd slowly past, and each gazed his fill. And Boxer put out his nose to 匂いをかぐ at the bank-公式文書，認めるs, and the flimsy white things stirred and rustled in his breath.

Three days later there was a terrible hullabaloo. Whymper, his 直面する deadly pale, （機の）カム racing up the path on his bicycle, flung it 負かす／撃墜する in the yard and 急ぐd straight into the farmhouse. The next moment a choking roar of 激怒（する） sounded from Napoleon's apartments. The news of what had happened sped 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the farm like wildfire. The banknotes were 偽造s! Frederick had got the 木材／素質 for nothing!

Napoleon called the animals together すぐに and in a terrible 発言する／表明する pronounced the death 宣告，判決 upon Frederick. When 逮捕（する）d, he said, Frederick should be boiled alive. At the same time he 警告するd them that after this 背信の 行為 the worst was to be 推定する／予想するd. Frederick and his men might make their long-推定する／予想するd attack at any moment. Sentinels were placed at all the approaches to the farm. In 新規加入, four pigeons were sent to Foxwood with a 懐柔的な message, which it was hoped might re-設立する good relations with Pilkington.

The very next morning the attack （機の）カム. The animals were at breakfast when the look-outs （機の）カム racing in with the news that Frederick and his 信奉者s had already come through the five-閉めだした gate. Boldly enough the animals sallied 前へ／外へ to 会合，会う them, but this time they did not have the 平易な victory that they had had in the 戦う／戦い of the Cowshed. There were fifteen men, with half a dozen guns between them, and they opened 解雇する／砲火／射撃 as soon as they got within fifty yards. The animals could not 直面する the terrible 爆発s and the stinging pellets, and in spite of the 成果／努力s of Napoleon and Boxer to 決起大会／結集させる them, they were soon driven 支援する. A number of them were already 負傷させるd. They took 避難 in the farm buildings and peeped 慎重に out from chinks and knot-穴を開けるs. The whole of the big pasture, 含むing the windmill, was in the 手渡すs of the enemy. For the moment even Napoleon seemed at a loss. He paced up and 負かす／撃墜する without a word, his tail rigid and twitching. Wistful ちらりと見ることs were sent in the direction of Foxwood. If Pilkington and his men would help them, the day might yet be won. But at this moment the four pigeons, who had been sent out on the day before, returned, one of them 耐えるing a 捨てる of paper from Pilkington. On it was pencilled the words: "Serves you 権利."

一方／合間 Frederick and his men had 停止（させる）d about the windmill. The animals watched them, and a murmur of 狼狽 went 一連の会議、交渉／完成する. Two of the men had produced a crowbar and a sledge 大打撃を与える. They were going to knock the windmill 負かす／撃墜する.

"Impossible!" cried Napoleon. "We have built the 塀で囲むs far too 厚い for that. They could not knock it 負かす／撃墜する in a week. Courage, comrades!"

But Benjamin was watching the movements of the men intently. The two with the 大打撃を与える and the crowbar were 演習ing a 穴を開ける 近づく the base of the windmill. Slowly, and with an 空気／公表する almost of amusement, Benjamin nodded his long muzzle.

"I thought so," he said. "Do you not see what they are doing? In another moment they are going to pack 爆破ing 砕く into that 穴を開ける."

Terrified, the animals waited. It was impossible now to 投機・賭ける out of the 避難所 of the buildings. After a few minutes the men were seen to be running in all directions. Then there was a deafening roar. The pigeons 渦巻くd into the 空気／公表する, and all the animals, except Napoleon, flung themselves flat on their bellies and hid their 直面するs. When they got up again, a 抱擁する cloud of 黒人／ボイコット smoke was hanging where the windmill had been. Slowly the 微風 drifted it away. The windmill had 中止するd to 存在する!

At this sight the animals' courage returned to them. The 恐れる and despair they had felt a moment earlier were 溺死するd in their 激怒（する） against this vile, contemptible 行為／法令／行動する. A mighty cry for vengeance went up, and without waiting for その上の orders they 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d 前へ／外へ in a 団体／死体 and made straight for the enemy. This time they did not 注意する the cruel pellets that swept over them like あられ／賞賛する. It was a savage, bitter 戦う／戦い. The men 解雇する／砲火／射撃d again and again, and, when the animals got to の近くに ４半期/4分の1s, 攻撃するd out with their sticks and their 激しい boots. A cow, three sheep, and two geese were killed, and nearly everyone was 負傷させるd. Even Napoleon, who was directing 操作／手術s from the 後部, had the tip of his tail chipped by a pellet. But the men did not go 無傷の either. Three of them had their 長，率いるs broken by blows from Boxer's hoofs; another was 血の塊／突き刺すd in the belly by a cow's horn; another had his trousers nearly torn off by Jessie and Bluebell. And when the nine dogs of Napoleon's own 護衛, whom he had 教えるd to make a detour under cover of the hedge, suddenly appeared on the men's 側面に位置する, baying ferociously, panic overtook them. They saw that they were in danger of 存在 surrounded. Frederick shouted to his men to get out while the going was good, and the next moment the 臆病な／卑劣な enemy was running for dear life. The animals chased them 権利 負かす／撃墜する to the 底（に届く） of the field, and got in some last kicks at them as they 軍隊d their way through the thorn hedge.

They had won, but they were 疲れた／うんざりした and bleeding. Slowly they began to limp 支援する に向かって the farm. The sight of their dead comrades stretched upon the grass moved some of them to 涙／ほころびs. And for a little while they 停止（させる）d in sorrowful silence at the place where the windmill had once stood. Yes, it was gone; almost the last trace of their 労働 was gone! Even the 創立／基礎s were 部分的に／不公平に destroyed. And in 再構築するing it they could not this time, as before, make use of the fallen 石／投石するs. This time the 石／投石するs had 消えるd too. The 軍隊 of the 爆発 had flung them to distances of hundreds of yards. It was as though the windmill had never been.

As they approached the farm Squealer, who had unaccountably been absent during the fighting, （機の）カム skipping に向かって them, 素早い行動ing his tail and beaming with satisfaction. And the animals heard, from the direction of the farm buildings, the solemn にわか景気ing of a gun.

"What is that gun 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing for?" said Boxer.

"To celebrate our victory!" cried Squealer.

"What victory?" said Boxer. His 膝s were bleeding, he had lost a shoe and 分裂（する） his hoof, and a dozen pellets had 宿泊するd themselves in his hind 脚.

"What victory, comrade? Have we not driven the enemy off our 国／地域—the sacred 国／地域 of Animal Farm?"

"But they have destroyed the windmill. And we had worked on it for two years!"

"What 事柄? We will build another windmill. We will build six windmills if we feel like it. You do not 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる, comrade, the mighty thing that we have done. The enemy was in 占領／職業 of this very ground that we stand upon. And now—thanks to the leadership of Comrade Napoleon—we have won every インチ of it 支援する again!"

"Then we have won 支援する what we had before," said Boxer.

"That is our victory," said Squealer.

They limped into the yard. The pellets under the 肌 of Boxer's 脚 smarted painfully. He saw ahead of him the 激しい 労働 of 再構築するing the windmill from the 創立／基礎s, and already in imagination he を締めるd himself for the 仕事. But for the first time it occurred to him that he was eleven years old and that perhaps his 広大な／多数の／重要な muscles were not やめる what they had once been.

But when the animals saw the green 旗 飛行機で行くing, and heard the gun 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing again—seven times it was 解雇する／砲火／射撃d in all—and heard the speech that Napoleon made, congratulating them on their 行為／行う, it did seem to them after all that they had won a 広大な／多数の／重要な victory. The animals 殺害された in the 戦う／戦い were given a solemn funeral. Boxer and Clover pulled the wagon which served as a 霊柩車, and Napoleon himself walked at the 長，率いる of the 行列. Two whole days were given over to 祝賀s. There were songs, speeches, and more 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing of the gun, and a special gift of an apple was bestowed on every animal, with two ounces of corn for each bird and three 薄焼きパン／素焼陶器s for each dog. It was 発表するd that the 戦う／戦い would be called the 戦う／戦い of the Windmill, and that Napoleon had created a new decoration, the Order of the Green 旗，新聞一面トップの大見出し／大々的に報道する, which he had conferred upon himself. In the general rejoicings the unfortunate 事件／事情／状勢 of the banknotes was forgotten.

It was a few days later than this that the pigs （機の）カム upon a 事例／患者 of whisky in the cellars of the farmhouse. It had been overlooked at the time when the house was first 占領するd. That night there （機の）カム from the farmhouse the sound of loud singing, in which, to everyone's surprise, the 緊張するs of 'Beasts of England' were mixed up. At about half past nine Napoleon, wearing an old bowler hat of Mr. Jones's, was distinctly seen to 現れる from the 支援する door, gallop 速く 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the yard, and disappear indoors again. But in the morning a 深い silence hung over the farmhouse. Not a pig appeared to be stirring. It was nearly nine o'clock when Squealer made his 外見, walking slowly and dejectedly, his 注目する，もくろむs dull, his tail hanging limply behind him, and with every 外見 of 存在 本気で ill. He called the animals together and told them that he had a terrible piece of news to impart. Comrade Napoleon was dying!

A cry of lamentation went up. Straw was laid 負かす／撃墜する outside the doors of the farmhouse, and the animals walked on tiptoe. With 涙／ほころびs in their 注目する，もくろむs they asked one another what they should do if their Leader were taken away from them. A rumour went 一連の会議、交渉／完成する that Snowball had after all contrived to introduce 毒（薬） into Napoleon's food. At eleven o'clock Squealer （機の）カム out to make another 告示. As his last 行為／法令／行動する upon earth, Comrade Napoleon had pronounced a solemn 法令: the drinking of alcohol was to be punished by death.

By the evening, however, Napoleon appeared to be somewhat better, and the に引き続いて morning Squealer was able to tell them that he was 井戸／弁護士席 on the way to 回復. By the evening of that day Napoleon was 支援する at work, and on the next day it was learned that he had 教えるd Whymper to 購入（する） in Willingdon some booklets on brewing and distilling. A week later Napoleon gave orders that the small paddock beyond the orchard, which it had 以前 been ーするつもりであるd to 始める，決める aside as a grazing-ground for animals who were past work, was to be ploughed up. It was given out that the pasture was exhausted and needed re-seeding; but it soon became known that Napoleon ーするつもりであるd to （種を）蒔く it with barley.

About this time there occurred a strange 出来事/事件 which hardly anyone was able to understand. One night at about twelve o'clock there was a loud 衝突，墜落 in the yard, and the animals 急ぐd out of their 立ち往生させるs. It was a moonlit night. At the foot of the end 塀で囲む of the big barn, where the Seven Commandments were written, there lay a ladder broken in two pieces. Squealer, 一時的に stunned, was sprawling beside it, and 近づく at 手渡す there lay a lantern, a paint-小衝突, and an overturned マリファナ of white paint. The dogs すぐに made a （犯罪の）一味 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Squealer, and 護衛するd him 支援する to the farmhouse as soon as he was able to walk. 非，不，無 of the animals could form any idea as to what this meant, except old Benjamin, who nodded his muzzle with a knowing 空気／公表する, and seemed to understand, but would say nothing.

But a few days later Muriel, reading over the Seven Commandments to herself, noticed that there was yet another of them which the animals had remembered wrong. They had thought the Fifth Commandment was "No animal shall drink alcohol," but there were two words that they had forgotten. 現実に the Commandment read: "No animal shall drink alcohol TO EXCESS."

一時期／支部 IX

Boxer's 分裂（する） hoof was a long time in 傷をいやす／和解させるing. They had started the 再構築するing of the windmill the day after the victory 祝賀s were ended. Boxer 辞退するd to take even a day off work, and made it a point of honour not to let it be seen that he was in 苦痛. In the evenings he would 収容する／認める 個人として to Clover that the hoof troubled him a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定. Clover 扱う／治療するd the hoof with poultices of herbs which she 用意が出来ている by chewing them, and both she and Benjamin 勧めるd Boxer to work いっそう少なく hard. "A horse's 肺s do not last for ever," she said to him. But Boxer would not listen. He had, he said, only one real ambition left—to see the windmill 井戸／弁護士席 under way before he reached the age for 退職.

At the beginning, when the 法律s of Animal Farm were first 明確に表すd, the retiring age had been 直す／買収する，八百長をするd for horses and pigs at twelve, for cows at fourteen, for dogs at nine, for sheep at seven, and for 女／おっせかい屋s and geese at five. 自由主義の old-age 年金s had been agreed upon. As yet no animal had 現実に retired on 年金, but of late the 支配する had been discussed more and more. Now that the small field beyond the orchard had been 始める，決める aside for barley, it was rumoured that a corner of the large pasture was to be 盗品故買者d off and turned into a grazing-ground for superannuated animals. For a horse, it was said, the 年金 would be five 続けざまに猛撃するs of corn a day and, in winter, fifteen 続けざまに猛撃するs of hay, with a carrot or かもしれない an apple on public holidays. Boxer's twelfth birthday was 予定 in the late summer of the に引き続いて year.

一方／合間 life was hard. The winter was as 冷淡な as the last one had been, and food was even shorter. Once again all rations were 減ずるd, except those of the pigs and the dogs. A too rigid equality in rations, Squealer explained, would have been contrary to the 原則s of Animalism. In any 事例／患者 he had no difficulty in 証明するing to the other animals that they were NOT in reality short of food, whatever the 外見s might be. For the time 存在, certainly, it had been 設立する necessary to make a readjustment of rations (Squealer always spoke of it as a "readjustment," never as a "削減"), but in comparison with the days of Jones, the 改良 was enormous. Reading out the 人物／姿／数字s in a shrill, 早い 発言する／表明する, he 証明するd to them in 詳細（に述べる） that they had more oats, more hay, more turnips than they had had in Jones's day, that they worked shorter hours, that their drinking water was of better 質, that they lived longer, that a larger 割合 of their young ones 生き残るd 幼少／幼藍期, and that they had more straw in their 立ち往生させるs and 苦しむd いっそう少なく from fleas. The animals believed every word of it. Truth to tell, Jones and all he stood for had almost faded out of their memories. They knew that life nowadays was 厳しい and 明らかにする, that they were often hungry and often 冷淡な, and that they were usually working when they were not asleep. But doubtless it had been worse in the old days. They were glad to believe so. Besides, in those days they had been slaves and now they were 解放する／自由な, and that made all the difference, as Squealer did not fail to point out.

There were many more mouths to 料金d now. In the autumn the four （種を）蒔くs had all littered about 同時に, producing thirty-one young pigs between them. The young pigs were piebald, and as Napoleon was the only boar on the farm, it was possible to guess at their 血統／生まれ. It was 発表するd that later, when bricks and 木材／素質 had been 購入（する）d, a schoolroom would be built in the farmhouse garden. For the time 存在, the young pigs were given their 指示／教授／教育 by Napoleon himself in the farmhouse kitchen. They took their 演習 in the garden, and were discouraged from playing with the other young animals. About this time, too, it was laid 負かす／撃墜する as a 支配する that when a pig and any other animal met on the path, the other animal must stand aside: and also that all pigs, of whatever degree, were to have the 特権 of wearing green 略章s on their tails on Sundays.

The farm had had a 公正に／かなり successful year, but was still short of money. There were the bricks, sand, and lime for the schoolroom to be 購入（する）d, and it would also be necessary to begin saving up again for the 機械／機構 for the windmill. Then there were lamp oil and candles for the house, sugar for Napoleon's own （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する (he forbade this to the other pigs, on the ground that it made them fat), and all the usual 交替／補充s such as 道具s, nails, string, coal, wire, 捨てる-アイロンをかける, and dog 薄焼きパン／素焼陶器s. A stump of hay and part of the potato 刈る were sold off, and the 契約 for eggs was 増加するd to six hundred a week, so that that year the 女／おっせかい屋s barely hatched enough chicks to keep their numbers at the same level. Rations, 減ずるd in December, were 減ずるd again in February, and lanterns in the 立ち往生させるs were forbidden to save oil. But the pigs seemed comfortable enough, and in fact were putting on 負わせる if anything. One afternoon in late February a warm, rich, appetising scent, such as the animals had never smelt before, wafted itself across the yard from the little brew-house, which had been disused in Jones's time, and which stood beyond the kitchen. Someone said it was the smell of cooking barley. The animals 匂いをかぐd the 空気／公表する hungrily and wondered whether a warm mash was 存在 用意が出来ている for their supper. But no warm mash appeared, and on the に引き続いて Sunday it was 発表するd that from now onwards all barley would be reserved for the pigs. The field beyond the orchard had already been sown with barley. And the news soon 漏れるd out that every pig was now receiving a ration of a pint of beer daily, with half a gallon for Napoleon himself, which was always served to him in the 栄冠を与える Derby soup tureen.

But if there were hardships to be borne, they were partly 相殺する by the fact that life nowadays had a greater dignity than it had had before. There were more songs, more speeches, more 行列s. Napoleon had 命令（する）d that once a week there should be held something called a Spontaneous Demonstration, the 反対する of which was to celebrate the struggles and 勝利s of Animal Farm. At the 任命するd time the animals would leave their work and march 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 管区s of the farm in 軍の 形式, with the pigs 主要な, then the horses, then the cows, then the sheep, and then the poultry. The dogs 側面に位置するd the 行列 and at the 長，率いる of all marched Napoleon's 黒人／ボイコット cockerel. Boxer and Clover always carried between them a green 旗，新聞一面トップの大見出し／大々的に報道する 示すd with the hoof and the horn and the caption, "Long live Comrade Napoleon!" Afterwards there were recitations of poems composed in Napoleon's honour, and a speech by Squealer giving particulars of the 最新の 増加するs in the 生産／産物 of foodstuffs, and on occasion a 発射 was 解雇する／砲火／射撃d from the gun. The sheep were the greatest 充てるs of the Spontaneous Demonstration, and if anyone complained (as a few animals いつかs did, when no pigs or dogs were 近づく) that they wasted time and meant a lot of standing about in the 冷淡な, the sheep were sure to silence him with a tremendous bleating of "Four 脚s good, two 脚s bad!" But by and large the animals enjoyed these 祝賀s. They 設立する it 慰安ing to be reminded that, after all, they were truly their own masters and that the work they did was for their own 利益. So that, what with the songs, the 行列s, Squealer's 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）s of 人物／姿／数字s, the 雷鳴 of the gun, the crowing of the cockerel, and the ぱたぱたするing of the 旗, they were able to forget that their bellies were empty, at least part of the time.

In April, Animal Farm was 布告するd a 共和国, and it became necessary to elect a 大統領. There was only one 候補者, Napoleon, who was elected 全員一致で. On the same day it was given out that fresh 文書s had been discovered which 明らかにする／漏らすd その上の 詳細（に述べる）s about Snowball's complicity with Jones. It now appeared that Snowball had not, as the animals had 以前 imagined, 単に 試みる／企てるd to lose the 戦う／戦い of the Cowshed by means of a stratagem, but had been 率直に fighting on Jones's 味方する. In fact, it was he who had 現実に been the leader of the human 軍隊s, and had 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d into 戦う／戦い with the words "Long live Humanity!" on his lips. The 負傷させるs on Snowball's 支援する, which a few of the animals still remembered to have seen, had been （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるd by Napoleon's teeth.

In the middle of the summer Moses the raven suddenly 再現するd on the farm, after an absence of several years. He was やめる 不変の, still did no work, and talked in the same 緊張する as ever about Sugarcandy Mountain. He would perch on a stump, flap his 黒人／ボイコット wings, and talk by the hour to anyone who would listen. "Up there, comrades," he would say solemnly, pointing to the sky with his large beak—"up there, just on the other 味方する of that dark cloud that you can see—there it lies, Sugarcandy Mountain, that happy country where we poor animals shall 残り／休憩（する） for ever from our 労働s!" He even （人命などを）奪う，主張するd to have been there on one of his higher flights, and to have seen the everlasting fields of clover and the linseed cake and lump sugar growing on the hedges. Many of the animals believed him. Their lives now, they 推論する／理由d, were hungry and laborious; was it not 権利 and just that a better world should 存在する somewhere else? A thing that was difficult to 決定する was the 態度 of the pigs に向かって Moses. They all 宣言するd contemptuously that his stories about Sugarcandy Mountain were lies, and yet they 許すd him to remain on the farm, not working, with an allowance of a gill of beer a day.

After his hoof had 傷をいやす／和解させるd up, Boxer worked harder than ever. Indeed, all the animals worked like slaves that year. Apart from the 正規の／正選手 work of the farm, and the 再構築するing of the windmill, there was the schoolhouse for the young pigs, which was started in March. いつかs the long hours on insufficient food were hard to 耐える, but Boxer never 滞るd. In nothing that he said or did was there any 調印する that his strength was not what it had been. It was only his 外見 that was a little altered; his hide was いっそう少なく shiny than it had used to be, and his 広大な／多数の／重要な haunches seemed to have shrunken. The others said, "Boxer will 選ぶ up when the spring grass comes on"; but the spring （機の）カム and Boxer grew no fatter. いつかs on the slope 主要な to the 最高の，を越す of the quarry, when he を締めるd his muscles against the 負わせる of some 広大な 玉石, it seemed that nothing kept him on his feet except the will to continue. At such times his lips were seen to form the words, "I will work harder"; he had no 発言する／表明する left. Once again Clover and Benjamin 警告するd him to take care of his health, but Boxer paid no attention. His twelfth birthday was approaching. He did not care what happened so long as a good 蓄える／店 of 石／投石する was 蓄積するd before he went on 年金.

Late one evening in the summer, a sudden rumour ran 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the farm that something had happened to Boxer. He had gone out alone to drag a 負担 of 石／投石する 負かす／撃墜する to the windmill. And sure enough, the rumour was true. A few minutes later two pigeons （機の）カム racing in with the news; "Boxer has fallen! He is lying on his 味方する and can't get up!"

About half the animals on the farm 急ぐd out to the knoll where the windmill stood. There lay Boxer, between the 軸s of the cart, his neck stretched out, unable even to raise his 長，率いる. His 注目する，もくろむs were glazed, his 味方するs matted with sweat. A thin stream of 血 had trickled out of his mouth. Clover dropped to her 膝s at his 味方する.

"Boxer!" she cried, "how are you?"

"It is my 肺," said Boxer in a weak 発言する／表明する. "It does not 事柄. I think you will be able to finish the windmill without me. There is a pretty good 蓄える／店 of 石／投石する 蓄積するd. I had only another month to go in any 事例／患者. To tell you the truth, I had been looking 今後 to my 退職. And perhaps, as Benjamin is growing old too, they will let him retire at the same time and be a companion to me."

"We must get help at once," said Clover. "Run, somebody, and tell Squealer what has happened."

All the other animals すぐに raced 支援する to the farmhouse to give Squealer the news. Only Clover remained, and Benjamin who lay 負かす／撃墜する at Boxer's 味方する, and, without speaking, kept the 飛行機で行くs off him with his long tail. After about a ４半期/4分の1 of an hour Squealer appeared, 十分な of sympathy and 関心. He said that Comrade Napoleon had learned with the very deepest 苦しめる of this misfortune to one of the most loyal 労働者s on the farm, and was already making 手はず／準備 to send Boxer to be 扱う／治療するd in the hospital at Willingdon. The animals felt a little uneasy at this. Except for Mollie and Snowball, no other animal had ever left the farm, and they did not like to think of their sick comrade in the 手渡すs of human 存在s. However, Squealer easily 納得させるd them that the veterinary 外科医 in Willingdon could 扱う／治療する Boxer's 事例／患者 more satisfactorily than could be done on the farm. And about half an hour later, when Boxer had somewhat 回復するd, he was with difficulty got on to his feet, and managed to limp 支援する to his 立ち往生させる, where Clover and Benjamin had 用意が出来ている a good bed of straw for him.

For the next two days Boxer remained in his 立ち往生させる. The pigs had sent out a large 瓶／封じ込める of pink 薬／医学 which they had 設立する in the 薬／医学 chest in the bathroom, and Clover 治めるd it to Boxer twice a day after meals. In the evenings she lay in his 立ち往生させる and talked to him, while Benjamin kept the 飛行機で行くs off him. Boxer professed not to be sorry for what had happened. If he made a good 回復, he might 推定する／予想する to live another three years, and he looked 今後 to the 平和的な days that he would spend in the corner of the big pasture. It would be the first time that he had had leisure to 熟考する／考慮する and 改善する his mind. He ーするつもりであるd, he said, to 充てる the 残り／休憩（する） of his life to learning the remaining twenty-two letters of the alphabet.

However, Benjamin and Clover could only be with Boxer after working hours, and it was in the middle of the day when the 先頭 （機の）カム to take him away. The animals were all at work weeding turnips under the 監督 of a pig, when they were astonished to see Benjamin come galloping from the direction of the farm buildings, braying at the 最高の，を越す of his 発言する／表明する. It was the first time that they had ever seen Benjamin excited—indeed, it was the first time that anyone had ever seen him gallop. "Quick, quick!" he shouted. "Come at once! They're taking Boxer away!" Without waiting for orders from the pig, the animals broke off work and raced 支援する to the farm buildings. Sure enough, there in the yard was a large の近くにd 先頭, drawn by two horses, with lettering on its 味方する and a sly-looking man in a low-栄冠を与えるd bowler hat sitting on the driver's seat. And Boxer's 立ち往生させる was empty.

The animals （人が）群がるd 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 先頭. "Good-bye, Boxer!" they chorused, "good-bye!"

"Fools! Fools!" shouted Benjamin, prancing 一連の会議、交渉／完成する them and stamping the earth with his small hoofs. "Fools! Do you not see what is written on the 味方する of that 先頭?"

That gave the animals pause, and there was a hush. Muriel began to （一定の）期間 out the words. But Benjamin 押し進めるd her aside and in the 中央 of a deadly silence he read:

"'Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler, Willingdon. 売買業者 in Hides and Bone-Meal. Kennels 供給（する）d.' Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knacker's!"

A cry of horror burst from all the animals. At this moment the man on the box whipped up his horses and the 先頭 moved out of the yard at a smart trot. All the animals followed, crying out at the 最高の，を越すs of their 発言する／表明するs. Clover 軍隊d her way to the 前線. The 先頭 began to gather 速度(を上げる）. Clover tried to 動かす her stout 四肢s to a gallop, and 達成するd a canter. "Boxer!" she cried. "Boxer! Boxer! Boxer!" And just at this moment, as though he had heard the uproar outside, Boxer's 直面する, with the white （土地などの）細長い一片 負かす／撃墜する his nose, appeared at the small window at the 支援する of the 先頭.

"Boxer!" cried Clover in a terrible 発言する／表明する. "Boxer! Get out! Get out quickly! They're taking you to your death!"

All the animals took up the cry of "Get out, Boxer, get out!" But the 先頭 was already 集会 速度(を上げる） and 製図／抽選 away from them. It was uncertain whether Boxer had understood what Clover had said. But a moment later his 直面する disappeared from the window and there was the sound of a tremendous drumming of hoofs inside the 先頭. He was trying to kick his way out. The time had been when a few kicks from Boxer's hoofs would have 粉砕するd the 先頭 to matchwood. But 式のs! his strength had left him; and in a few moments the sound of drumming hoofs grew fainter and died away. In desperation the animals began 控訴，上告ing to the two horses which drew the 先頭 to stop. "Comrades, comrades!" they shouted. "Don't take your own brother to his death!" But the stupid brutes, too ignorant to realise what was happening, 単に 始める，決める 支援する their ears and quickened their pace. Boxer's 直面する did not 再現する at the window. Too late, someone thought of racing ahead and shutting the five-閉めだした gate; but in another moment the 先頭 was through it and 速く disappearing 負かす／撃墜する the road. Boxer was never seen again.

Three days later it was 発表するd that he had died in the hospital at Willingdon, in spite of receiving every attention a horse could have. Squealer （機の）カム to 発表する the news to the others. He had, he said, been 現在の during Boxer's last hours.

"It was the most 影響する／感情ing sight I have ever seen!" said Squealer, 解除するing his trotter and wiping away a 涙／ほころび. "I was at his 病人の枕元 at the very last. And at the end, almost too weak to speak, he whispered in my ear that his 単独の 悲しみ was to have passed on before the windmill was finished. '今後, comrades!' he whispered. '今後 in the 指名する of the 反乱. Long live Animal Farm! Long live Comrade Napoleon! Napoleon is always 権利.' Those were his very last words, comrades."

Here Squealer's demeanour suddenly changed. He fell silent for a moment, and his little 注目する，もくろむs darted 怪しげな ちらりと見ることs from 味方する to 味方する before he proceeded.

It had come to his knowledge, he said, that a foolish and wicked rumour had been 循環させるd at the time of Boxer's 除去. Some of the animals had noticed that the 先頭 which took Boxer away was 示すd "Horse Slaughterer," and had 現実に jumped to the 結論 that Boxer was 存在 sent to the knacker's. It was almost unbelievable, said Squealer, that any animal could be so stupid. Surely, he cried indignantly, 素早い行動ing his tail and skipping from 味方する to 味方する, surely they knew their beloved Leader, Comrade Napoleon, better than that? But the explanation was really very simple. The 先頭 had 以前 been the 所有物／資産／財産 of the knacker, and had been bought by the veterinary 外科医, who had not yet painted the old 指名する out. That was how the mistake had arisen.

The animals were enormously relieved to hear this. And when Squealer went on to give その上の graphic 詳細（に述べる）s of Boxer's death-bed, the admirable care he had received, and the expensive 薬／医学s for which Napoleon had paid without a thought as to the cost, their last 疑問s disappeared and the 悲しみ that they felt for their comrade's death was tempered by the thought that at least he had died happy.

Napoleon himself appeared at the 会合 on the に引き続いて Sunday morning and pronounced a short oration in Boxer's honour. It had not been possible, he said, to bring 支援する their lamented comrade's remains for interment on the farm, but he had ordered a large 花冠 to be made from the laurels in the farmhouse garden and sent 負かす／撃墜する to be placed on Boxer's 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な. And in a few days' time the pigs ーするつもりであるd to 持つ／拘留する a 記念の 祝宴 in Boxer's honour. Napoleon ended his speech with a 思い出の品 of Boxer's two favourite maxims, "I will work harder" and "Comrade Napoleon is always 権利"—maxims, he said, which every animal would do 井戸／弁護士席 to 可決する・採択する as his own.

On the day 任命するd for the 祝宴, a grocer's 先頭 drove up from Willingdon and 配達するd a large 木造の crate at the farmhouse. That night there was the sound of uproarious singing, which was followed by what sounded like a violent quarrel and ended at about eleven o'clock with a tremendous 衝突，墜落 of glass. No one stirred in the farmhouse before noon on the に引き続いて day, and the word went 一連の会議、交渉／完成する that from somewhere or other the pigs had acquired the money to buy themselves another 事例／患者 of whisky.

一時期／支部 X

Years passed. The seasons （機の）カム and went, the short animal lives fled by. A time （機の）カム when there was no one who remembered the old days before the 反乱, except Clover, Benjamin, Moses the raven, and a number of the pigs.

Muriel was dead; Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher were dead. Jones too was dead—he had died in an inebriates' home in another part of the country. Snowball was forgotten. Boxer was forgotten, except by the few who had known him. Clover was an old stout 損なう now, stiff in the 共同のs and with a 傾向 to rheumy 注目する，もくろむs. She was two years past the retiring age, but in fact no animal had ever 現実に retired. The talk of setting aside a corner of the pasture for superannuated animals had long since been dropped. Napoleon was now a 円熟した boar of twenty-four 石／投石する. Squealer was so fat that he could with difficulty see out of his 注目する，もくろむs. Only old Benjamin was much the same as ever, except for 存在 a little greyer about the muzzle, and, since Boxer's death, more morose and taciturn than ever.

There were many more creatures on the farm now, though the 増加する was not so 広大な／多数の／重要な as had been 推定する／予想するd in earlier years. Many animals had been born to whom the 反乱 was only a 薄暗い tradition, passed on by word of mouth, and others had been bought who had never heard について言及する of such a thing before their arrival. The farm 所有するd three horses now besides Clover. They were 罰金 upstanding beasts, willing 労働者s and good comrades, but very stupid. 非，不，無 of them 証明するd able to learn the alphabet beyond the letter B. They 受託するd everything that they were told about the 反乱 and the 原則s of Animalism, 特に from Clover, for whom they had an almost filial 尊敬（する）・点; but it was doubtful whether they understood very much of it.

The farm was more 繁栄する now, and better organised: it had even been 大きくするd by two fields which had been bought from Mr. Pilkington. The windmill had been 首尾よく 完全にするd at last, and the farm 所有するd a threshing machine and a hay elevator of its own, and さまざまな new buildings had been 追加するd to it. Whymper had bought himself a dogcart. The windmill, however, had not after all been used for 生成するing 電気の 力／強力にする. It was used for milling corn, and brought in a handsome money 利益（をあげる）. The animals were hard at work building yet another windmill; when that one was finished, so it was said, the dynamos would be 任命する／導入するd. But the 高級なs of which Snowball had once taught the animals to dream, the 立ち往生させるs with electric light and hot and 冷淡な water, and the three-day week, were no longer talked about. Napoleon had 公然と非難するd such ideas as contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The truest happiness, he said, lay in working hard and living frugally.

Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer-except, of course, for the pigs and the dogs. Perhaps this was partly because there were so many pigs and so many dogs. It was not that these creatures did not work, after their fashion. There was, as Squealer was never tired of explaining, endless work in the 監督 and organisation of the farm. Much of this work was of a 肉親，親類d that the other animals were too ignorant to understand. For example, Squealer told them that the pigs had to expend enormous 労働s every day upon mysterious things called "とじ込み／提出するs," "報告（する）／憶測s," "minutes," and "覚え書き". These were large sheets of paper which had to be closely covered with 令状ing, and as soon as they were so covered, they were burnt in the furnace. This was of the highest importance for the 福利事業 of the farm, Squealer said. But still, neither pigs nor dogs produced any food by their own 労働; and there were very many of them, and their appetites were always good.

As for the others, their life, so far as they knew, was as it had always been. They were 一般に hungry, they slept on straw, they drank from the pool, they 労働d in the fields; in winter they were troubled by the 冷淡な, and in summer by the 飛行機で行くs. いつかs the older ones の中で them racked their 薄暗い memories and tried to 決定する whether in the 早期に days of the 反乱, when Jones's 追放 was still 最近の, things had been better or worse than now. They could not remember. There was nothing with which they could compare their 現在の lives: they had nothing to go upon except Squealer's 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）s of 人物／姿／数字s, which invariably 論証するd that everything was getting better and better. The animals 設立する the problem insoluble; in any 事例／患者, they had little time for 推測するing on such things now. Only old Benjamin professed to remember every 詳細（に述べる） of his long life and to know that things never had been, nor ever could be much better or much worse—hunger, hardship, and 失望 存在, so he said, the unalterable 法律 of life.

And yet the animals never gave up hope. More, they never lost, even for an instant, their sense of honour and 特権 in 存在 members of Animal Farm. They were still the only farm in the whole 郡—in all England!—owned and operated by animals. Not one of them, not even the youngest, not even the newcomers who had been brought from farms ten or twenty miles away, ever 中止するd to marvel at that. And when they heard the gun にわか景気ing and saw the green 旗 ぱたぱたするing at the masthead, their hearts swelled with imperishable pride, and the talk turned always に向かって the old heroic days, the 追放 of Jones, the 令状ing of the Seven Commandments, the 広大な／多数の／重要な 戦う／戦いs in which the human invaders had been 敗北・負かすd. 非，不，無 of the old dreams had been abandoned. The 共和国 of the Animals which Major had foretold, when the green fields of England should be untrodden by human feet, was still believed in. Some day it was coming: it might not be soon, it might not be with in the lifetime of any animal now living, but still it was coming. Even the tune of 'Beasts of England' was perhaps hummed 内密に here and there: at any 率, it was a fact that every animal on the farm knew it, though no one would have dared to sing it aloud. It might be that their lives were hard and that not all of their hopes had been 実行するd; but they were conscious that they were not as other animals. If they went hungry, it was not from feeding tyrannical human 存在s; if they worked hard, at least they worked for themselves. No creature の中で them went upon two 脚s. No creature called any other creature "Master." All animals were equal.

One day in 早期に summer Squealer ordered the sheep to follow him, and led them out to a piece of waste ground at the other end of the farm, which had become overgrown with birch saplings. The sheep spent the whole day there browsing at the leaves under Squealer's 監督. In the evening he returned to the farmhouse himself, but, as it was warm 天候, told the sheep to stay where they were. It ended by their remaining there for a whole week, during which time the other animals saw nothing of them. Squealer was with them for the greater part of every day. He was, he said, teaching them to sing a new song, for which privacy was needed.

It was just after the sheep had returned, on a pleasant evening when the animals had finished work and were making their way 支援する to the farm buildings, that the terrified neighing of a horse sounded from the yard. Startled, the animals stopped in their 跡をつけるs. It was Clover's 発言する／表明する. She neighed again, and all the animals broke into a gallop and 急ぐd into the yard. Then they saw what Clover had seen.

It was a pig walking on his hind 脚s.

Yes, it was Squealer. A little awkwardly, as though not やめる used to supporting his かなりの 本体，大部分／ばら積みの in that position, but with perfect balance, he was strolling across the yard. And a moment later, out from the door of the farmhouse （機の）カム a long とじ込み／提出する of pigs, all walking on their hind 脚s. Some did it better than others, one or two were even a trifle unsteady and looked as though they would have liked the support of a stick, but every one of them made his way 権利 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the yard 首尾よく. And finally there was a tremendous baying of dogs and a shrill crowing from the 黒人／ボイコット cockerel, and out （機の）カム Napoleon himself, majestically upright, casting haughty ちらりと見ることs from 味方する to 味方する, and with his dogs gambolling 一連の会議、交渉／完成する him.

He carried a whip in his trotter.

There was a deadly silence. Amazed, terrified, 密談する／（身体を）寄せ集めるing together, the animals watched the long line of pigs march slowly 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the yard. It was as though the world had turned upside-負かす／撃墜する. Then there （機の）カム a moment when the first shock had worn off and when, in spite of everything-in spite of their terror of the dogs, and of the habit, developed through long years, of never complaining, never criticising, no 事柄 what happened—they might have uttered some word of 抗議する. But just at that moment, as though at a signal, all the sheep burst out into a tremendous bleating of—

"Four 脚s good, two 脚s BETTER! Four 脚s good, two 脚s BETTER! Four 脚s good, two 脚s BETTER!"

It went on for five minutes without stopping. And by the time the sheep had 静かなd 負かす／撃墜する, the chance to utter any 抗議する had passed, for the pigs had marched 支援する into the farmhouse.

Benjamin felt a nose nuzzling at his shoulder. He looked 一連の会議、交渉／完成する. It was Clover. Her old 注目する，もくろむs looked dimmer than ever. Without 説 anything, she tugged gently at his mane and led him 一連の会議、交渉／完成する to the end of the big barn, where the Seven Commandments were written. For a minute or two they stood gazing at the tatted 塀で囲む with its white lettering.

"My sight is failing," she said finally. "Even when I was young I could not have read what was written there. But it appears to me that that 塀で囲む looks different. Are the Seven Commandments the same as they used to be, Benjamin?"

For once Benjamin 同意d to break his 支配する, and he read out to her what was written on the 塀で囲む. There was nothing there now except a 選び出す／独身 Commandment. It ran:

ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL
BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS

After that it did not seem strange when next day the pigs who were 監督するing the work of the farm all carried whips in their trotters. It did not seem strange to learn that the pigs had bought themselves a wireless 始める，決める, were arranging to 任命する／導入する a telephone, and had taken out subscriptions to 'John Bull', 'Tit-Bits', and the 'Daily Mirror'. It did not seem strange when Napoleon was seen strolling in the farmhouse garden with a 麻薬を吸う in his mouth—no, not even when the pigs took Mr. Jones's 着せる／賦与するs out of the wardrobes and put them on, Napoleon himself appearing in a 黒人／ボイコット coat, ratcatcher breeches, and leather leggings, while his favourite （種を）蒔く appeared in the watered silk dress which Mrs. Jones had been used to wearing on Sundays.

A week later, in the afternoon, a number of dog-carts drove up to the farm. A deputation of 隣人ing 農業者s had been 招待するd to make a 小旅行する of 査察. They were shown all over the farm, and 表明するd 広大な／多数の／重要な 賞賛 for everything they saw, 特に the windmill. The animals were weeding the turnip field. They worked diligently hardly raising their 直面するs from the ground, and not knowing whether to be more 脅すd of the pigs or of the human 訪問者s.

That evening loud laughter and bursts of singing （機の）カム from the farmhouse. And suddenly, at the sound of the mingled 発言する／表明するs, the animals were stricken with curiosity. What could be happening in there, now that for the first time animals and human 存在s were 会合 on 条件 of equality? With one （許可，名誉などを）与える they began to creep as 静かに as possible into the farmhouse garden.

At the gate they paused, half 脅すd to go on but Clover led the way in. They tiptoed up to the house, and such animals as were tall enough peered in at the dining-room window. There, 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the long （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, sat half a dozen 農業者s and half a dozen of the more 著名な pigs, Napoleon himself 占領するing the seat of honour at the 長，率いる of the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する. The pigs appeared 完全に at 緩和する in their 議長，司会を務めるs. The company had been enjoying a game of cards but had broken off for the moment, evidently ーするために drink a toast. A large jug was 広まる, and the 襲う，襲って強奪するs were 存在 refilled with beer. No one noticed the wondering 直面するs of the animals that gazed in at the window.

Mr. Pilkington, of Foxwood, had stood up, his 襲う，襲って強奪する in his 手渡す. In a moment, he said, he would ask the 現在の company to drink a toast. But before doing so, there were a few words that he felt it 現職の upon him to say.

It was a source of 広大な／多数の／重要な satisfaction to him, he said—and, he was sure, to all others 現在の—to feel that a long period of 不信 and 誤解 had now come to an end. There had been a time—not that he, or any of the 現在の company, had 株d such 感情s—but there had been a time when the 尊敬（する）・点d proprietors of Animal Farm had been regarded, he would not say with 敵意, but perhaps with a 確かな 手段 of 疑惑, by their human 隣人s. Unfortunate 出来事/事件s had occurred, mistaken ideas had been 現在の. It had been felt that the 存在 of a farm owned and operated by pigs was somehow 異常な and was liable to have an unsettling 影響 in the neighbourhood. Too many 農業者s had assumed, without 予定 enquiry, that on such a farm a spirit of licence and indiscipline would 勝つ／広く一帯に広がる. They had been nervous about the 影響s upon their own animals, or even upon their human 従業員s. But all such 疑問s were now dispelled. Today he and his friends had visited Animal Farm and 検査／視察するd every インチ of it with their own 注目する，もくろむs, and what did they find? Not only the most up-to-date methods, but a discipline and an orderliness which should be an example to all 農業者s everywhere. He believed that he was 権利 in 説 that the lower animals on Animal Farm did more work and received いっそう少なく food than any animals in the 郡. Indeed, he and his fellow-訪問者s today had 観察するd many features which they ーするつもりであるd to introduce on their own farms すぐに.

He would end his 発言／述べるs, he said, by 強調ing once again the friendly feelings that subsisted, and せねばならない subsist, between Animal Farm and its 隣人s. Between pigs and human 存在s there was not, and there need not be, any 衝突／不一致 of 利益／興味s whatever. Their struggles and their difficulties were one. Was not the 労働 problem the same everywhere? Here it became 明らかな that Mr. Pilkington was about to spring some carefully 用意が出来ている witticism on the company, but for a moment he was too 打ち勝つ by amusement to be able to utter it. After much choking, during which his さまざまな chins turned purple, he managed to get it out: "If you have your lower animals to 競う with," he said, "we have our lower classes!" This BON MOT 始める，決める the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する in a roar; and Mr. Pilkington once again congratulated the pigs on the low rations, the long working hours, and the general absence of pampering which he had 観察するd on Animal Farm.

And now, he said finally, he would ask the company to rise to their feet and make 確かな that their glasses were 十分な. "Gentlemen," 結論するd Mr. Pilkington, "gentlemen, I give you a toast: To the 繁栄 of Animal Farm!"

There was enthusiastic 元気づける and stamping of feet. Napoleon was so gratified that he left his place and （機の）カム 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する to clink his 襲う，襲って強奪する against Mr. Pilkington's before emptying it. When the 元気づける had died 負かす／撃墜する, Napoleon, who had remained on his feet, intimated that he too had a few words to say.

Like all of Napoleon's speeches, it was short and to the point. He too, he said, was happy that the period of 誤解 was at an end. For a long time there had been rumours—循環させるd, he had 推論する／理由 to think, by some malignant enemy—that there was something 破壊分子 and even 革命の in the 見通し of himself and his 同僚s. They had been credited with 試みる／企てるing to 動かす up 反乱 の中で the animals on 隣人ing farms. Nothing could be その上の from the truth! Their 単独の wish, now and in the past, was to live at peace and in normal 商売／仕事 relations with their 隣人s. This farm which he had the honour to 支配（する）／統制する, he 追加するd, was a co-operative 企業. The 肩書を与える-行為s, which were in his own 所有／入手, were owned by the pigs 共同で.

He did not believe, he said, that any of the old 疑惑s still ぐずぐず残るd, but 確かな changes had been made recently in the 決まりきった仕事 of the farm which should have the 影響 of 促進するing 信用／信任 still その上の. Hitherto the animals on the farm had had a rather foolish custom of 演説（する）／住所ing one another as "Comrade." This was to be 抑えるd. There had also been a very strange custom, whose origin was unknown, of marching every Sunday morning past a boar's skull which was nailed to a 地位，任命する in the garden. This, too, would be 抑えるd, and the skull had already been buried. His 訪問者s might have 観察するd, too, the green 旗 which flew from the masthead. If so, they would perhaps have 公式文書，認めるd that the white hoof and horn with which it had 以前 been 示すd had now been 除去するd. It would be a plain green 旗 from now onwards.

He had only one 批評, he said, to make of Mr. Pilkington's excellent and neighbourly speech. Mr. Pilkington had referred throughout to "Animal Farm." He could not of course know—for he, Napoleon, was only now for the first time 発表するing it—that the 指名する "Animal Farm" had been 廃止するd. Henceforward the farm was to be known as "The Manor Farm"—which, he believed, was its 訂正する and 初めの 指名する.

"Gentlemen," 結論するd Napoleon, "I will give you the same toast as before, but in a different form. Fill your glasses to the brim. Gentlemen, here is my toast: To the 繁栄 of The Manor Farm!"

There was the same hearty 元気づける as before, and the 襲う，襲って強奪するs were emptied to the dregs. But as the animals outside gazed at the scene, it seemed to them that some strange thing was happening. What was it that had altered in the 直面するs of the pigs? Clover's old 薄暗い 注目する，もくろむs flitted from one 直面する to another. Some of them had five chins, some had four, some had three. But what was it that seemed to be melting and changing? Then, the 賞賛 having come to an end, the company took up their cards and continued the game that had been interrupted, and the animals crept silently away.

But they had not gone twenty yards when they stopped short. An uproar of 発言する／表明するs was coming from the farmhouse. They 急ぐd 支援する and looked through the window again. Yes, a violent quarrel was in 進歩. There were shoutings, bangings on the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, sharp 怪しげな ちらりと見ることs, furious 否定s. The source of the trouble appeared to be that Napoleon and Mr. Pilkington had each played an エース of spades 同時に.

Twelve 発言する／表明するs were shouting in 怒り／怒る, and they were all alike. No question, now, what had happened to the 直面するs of the pigs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which.

November 1943-February 1944

THE END

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