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COMPILED BY
DIP. ED., MELB. UNIV.
I 服従させる／提出する this 容積／容量 to the public in the hope that it may 増加する the 量 of 利益／興味 usually shown in Australian History by 深くするing the general knowledge of the 支配する, and illustrating it by those vivid 詳細（に述べる）s which 逮捕（する） the attention and enable the student to visualize past events.
The number of events 述べるd in a Source 調書をとる／予約する must やむを得ず be smaller than that in histories of another type; but the 目的（とする） is to place the student in 接触する with the 証拠 of history in order that he may become his own historian by 製図／抽選 his own deductions from the 同時代の 記録，記録的な／記録するs. The greatest historian can find no 構成要素s ulterior to such as are here 現在のd, for there is nothing ulterior to them but the 行為s themselves. They are the 記録，記録的な／記録するs written by the men who gave their life and health to lay the 創立／基礎 of Australia's greatness—by Phillip, 弱めるing under the racking cares of the 幼児 明言する／公表する; by Sturt in the scorching 砂漠, as the last 義務 of an exhausting day. They are aglow with the heat of 活動／戦闘; they are 奮起させるing in their 静かな modesty and strength.
ーするために give greater 連続 to the 容積／容量, short introductions have been placed at the 長，率いる of each 選択. It has been impossible to 引用する in 十分な all the 文書s of which use has been made, but fuller （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） may be 得るd by 言及／関連 to the "source" について言及するd at the 長，率いる of each 選択. The editor or author of the source and its date of 出版（物） are shown ーするために 容易にする その上の 研究.
The Source 調書をとる／予約する has been 収集するd with attention to the 必要物／必要条件s of schools, and it is hoped that teachers in Australia will avail themselves of the 適切な時期 to introduce the 熟考する／考慮する of history from 同時代の 文書s, and thus in this 尊敬（する）・点 bring Australia into line with the other countries where source 調書をとる／予約するs are already familiar. The section on 発見 and 探検 may with advantage be used in the 熟考する／考慮する of 地理学.
My thanks are 予定 to the proprietors of the "Times" for 許可 to 引用する 確かな pages from "The Times History of the War in South Africa," and "The Times History of the War and Encyclopaedia," and also for the "派遣（する） from a Special 特派員 at the Dardanelles," printed in the "Times," 7 May 1915.
It is with 広大な／多数の／重要な 楽しみ that I 認める my indebtedness to Professor Scott, of Melbourne University (at whose suggestion the work was undertaken), for his 利益／興味 and advice; and to Arthur Wadsworth, Esq., 長，指導者 Librarian for the 議会 of the 連邦／共和国, for his courteous 援助.
GWENDOLEN H. SWINBURNE.
HAWTHORN,
MELBOURNE.
Source.—Tasman's 定期刊行物 (edited by Heeres), pp. 1, 11-16
The Spaniard Torres was probably the first European to sight Australia (Cape Yorke); but Tasman was the first who consciously discovered the 広大な／多数の／重要な South Land. In his search for fresh fields for 貿易（する）, he （機の）カム upon Tasmania and New Zealand.
定期刊行物 or description drawn up by me, ABEL JAN TASMAN, of a Voyage made from the town of Batavia in E. India for the 発見 of the unknown Southland, in the year of our Lord 1642, the 14th of August. May God Almighty vouchsafe his Blessing on this work. AMEN.
公式文書，認める.—Days reckoned from midnight to midnight. Longitude calculated from meridian of 頂点（に達する） of Teneriffe.
Item the 23rd Nov.—Good 天候 with a south-easterly 勝利，勝つd and a 安定した 微風; in the morning, we 設立する our rudder broken at 最高の，を越す in the tiller 穴を開ける; we therefore 運ぶ／漁獲高d to windward under 減ずるd sail and fitted a cross beam to either 味方する. By estimation the west 味方する of Nova Guinea must be North of us.
Item the 24th do. Good 天候 and a （疑いを）晴らす sky. In the afternoon about 4 o'clock we saw land 耐えるing East by North of us; at about 10 miles distance by estimation. The land we sighted was very high. に向かって evening we also saw S.S.E. of us three high mountains, and to the N.E. two more mountains, but いっそう少なく high than those to southward. This land 存在 the first we have met with in the South sea and not known to any European nation, we have conferred on it the 指名する of Anthoony 先頭 Diemenslandt, in 栄誉（を受ける） of the Hon. 知事-General, our illustrious master, who sent us to make this 発見; the islands circumjacent so far as known to us, we have 指名するd after the Hon. 議員s of India.
Item 28th do. In the evening we （機の）カム under the shore. There are under the shore some small islands one of which looks like a lion.
Item 29th do. In the morning were still 近づく the 激しく揺する which looks like a lion's 長，率いる. に向かって noon passed two 激しく揺するs; the most westerly looks like Pedra Branca, which lies on the coast of 中国, the most easterly, looking like a high rugged tower, lies about 16 miles out from the 本土／大陸. Ran through between these 激しく揺するs and the land. We （機の）カム before a way which seemed likely to afford a good 船の停泊地 upon which we 解決するd to run into it. We again made for the shore, the 勝利，勝つd and 現在の having driven us so far out to sea that we could barely see the land.
Item 1st Dec. We 解決するd that it would be best and most expedient to touch at the land, the sooner the better; both to get better 熟知させるd with the land and 安全な・保証する refreshment for our own behoof. About one hour after sunset we dropped 船の停泊地 in a good harbour, for all of which it behooves us to thank God Almighty with 感謝する hearts.
Item 2nd do. 早期に in the morning we sent our own 操縦する Major Francoys Jacobz in 命令（する） of our pinnace 乗組員を乗せた with 4 musketeers and 6 rowers, all of them furnished with pikes and 味方する 武器 together with the cockboat of the Zeehaen, with one of her second mates and six musketeers in it, to a bay 据えるd N.W. of us at 上向きs of a mile's distance ーするために ascertain what 施設s (as regards fresh water, refreshments, 木材／素質 and the like) may be 利用できる there. About three hours before nightfall the boats （機の）カム 支援する, bringing さまざまな 見本s of vegetables, which they had seen growing there in 広大な／多数の／重要な 豊富, some of them in 外見 not unlike a 確かな 工場／植物 growing at the Cabo de Bona Esperance, and fit to be used as マリファナ-herbs; and another 種類 with long leaves and brackish taste 堅固に 似ているing persil de mer or samphou. The 操縦する Major and second mate of the Zeehaen made the に引き続いて 報告（する）／憶測, to wit:
That they had 列／漕ぐ／騒動d the space of 上向きs of a mile 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the said point where they had 設立する high but level land, covered with vegetation and not cultivated but growing 自然に (by the will of God) 豊富 of excellent 木材／素質 and a gently sloping watercourse in a barren valley; the said water though of good 質 存在 difficult to procure, because the watercourse is so shallow that the water could be dipped with bowls only.
That they had heard 確かな human sounds, and also sounds 似ているing the music of a small trump or a small gong not far from them though they had seen no one.
That they had seen two trees about 2 or 2-1/2 fathoms in thickness 手段ing from 60-65 feet from the ground to the lowermost 支店s, which trees bore notches made with flint 器具／実施するs, the bark having been 除去するd for the 目的; these notches forming a 肉親，親類d of steps to enable persons to get up the trees and 略奪する birds' nests in their 最高の，を越すs were fully five feet apart; so that our men 結論するd that the natives here must be of very tall stature or must be in 所有／入手 of some sort of artifice for getting up the said trees. In one of the trees these notched steps were so fresh and new that they seemed to have been 削減（する） いっそう少なく than four days ago.
That on the ground they discovered the 足跡s of animals, not unlike those of a tiger's claws. They also brought on board a small 量 of gum, of a seemingly very 罰金 質, which had exuded from trees, and bore some resemblance to gum-lac.
That at one extremity on the point of the way they had seen large numbers of gulls, wild ducks, and geese, but had perceived 非，不，無 その上の inward though they had heard their cries, and had 設立する no fish except different 肉親，親類d of mussels forming small clusters in さまざまな places.
That the land is pretty 一般に covered with trees, standing so far apart that they 許す a passage everywhere and a look-out to a 広大な／多数の／重要な distance, so that when 上陸, our men could always get sight of natives or wild beasts 邪魔されない by dense shrubbery or underwood, which would 証明する a 広大な／多数の／重要な advantage in 調査するing the country.
That in the 内部の they had in several places 観察するd 非常に／多数の trees which had 深い 穴を開けるs burnt into them at the upper end of the foot while the earth had here and there been dug out with the 握りこぶし so as to form a fireplace; the surrounding 国／地域 having become as hard as flint through the 活動／戦闘 of 解雇する／砲火／射撃.
A short time before we got sight of our boats returning to the ships, we now and then saw clouds of dense smoke rising up from the land (it was nearly always north of us) and surmised this must be a signal given by our men because they were so long coming 支援する.
When our men （機の）カム on board again, we 問い合わせd of them whether they had been there and made a 解雇する／砲火／射撃, to which they returned a 消極的な answer; 追加するing, however, that at さまざまな times and points in the 支持を得ようと努めるd they had also seen clouds of smoke 上がるing. So there can be no 疑問 there must be men here of 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の stature.
Item 3rd Dec. In the afternoon we went to the S.E. 味方する of this bay, in the boats, having with us 操縦する Major Francoys Jacobz, 船長／主将 Gerrit Janz, Isack Gilseman, supercargo on board the Zeehaen, subcargo Abraham Cooman and our master carpenter Pieter Jacobz; we carried with us a 政治家 with the Company's 示す carved into it, and a Prince 旗 to be 始める，決める up there that those who shall come after us may become aware we have been here, and have taken 所有／入手 of the said land as our lawful 所有物／資産／財産. When we had 列／漕ぐ／騒動d about half-way with our boats it began to blow very stiffly, and the sea ran so high that the cockboat of the Zeehaen was compelled to pull 支援する to the ships, while we ran on with our pinnace.
When we had come の近くに inshore in a small inlet the surf ran so high that we could not get 近づく the shore without running the 危険 of having our pinnace dashed to pieces. We then ordered the carpenter aforesaid to swim to the shore alone with the 政治家 and the 旗.
We made him 工場／植物 the said 政治家 with the 旗 at the 最高の，を越す, into the earth, about the centre of the bay 近づく four tall trees easily recognizable and standing in the form of a 三日月, 正確に／まさに before the one standing lowest. This tree is burnt in just above ground and is in reality taller than the other three, but it seems to be shorter because it stands lower on the sloping ground. Our master carpenter, having in the sight of myself Abel Janz Tasman, 船長／主将 Gerrit Janz and subcargo Abraham Cooman 成し遂げるd the work ゆだねるd to him, we pulled with our pinnace as 近づく the shore as we 投機・賭けるd to do; the carpenter aforesaid thereupon swam 支援する to the pinnace through the surf. This work having been duly 遂行する／発効させるd, we pulled 支援する to the ships, leaving the above-について言及するd as a 記念の for those who shall come after us, and for the natives of this country who did not show themselves though we 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う some of them were at no 広大な／多数の／重要な distance and closely watching our 訴訟／進行s.
Item 4th Dec. In the evening we saw a 一連の会議、交渉／完成する mountain 耐えるing N.N.W. of us at about 8 miles' distance.
Item 5th do. The high 一連の会議、交渉／完成する mountain which we had seen the day before bore now 予定 W. of us at 6 miles' distance. At this point the land fell off to the N.W. so that we could no longer steer 近づく the coast here, seeing that the 勝利，勝つd was almost ahead. We therefore 会を召集するd the 会議 and the second mates, with whom after 予定 審議 we 解決するd, and subsequently called out to the officer of the Zeehaen that pursuant to the 決意／決議 of the 11th ultimo, we should direct our course 予定 east, and on the said course run to the 十分な longitude of 195°, or the Salamonis Islands. 始める，決める our course 予定 east ーするために make その上の 発見s.
[This course brought them to New Zealand.]
Source.—The Voyages and Adventures of Captain William Dampier (published 1776). Vol. II, pp. 134-40
Dampier was an Englishman who had joined a company of American buccaneers. They arrived in May 1698 on the Western coast of Australia, which was by this time 公正に／かなり 井戸／弁護士席 known to the Dutch under the 指名する of New Holland.
New Holland is a very large tract of land. It is not yet 決定するd whether it is an island or a main continent; but I am 確かな that it joins neither to Asia, Africa nor America. This part of it that we saw is all low even land, with sandy banks against the sea, only the points are rocky, and so are some of the islands in this bay.
The land is of a 乾燥した，日照りの sandy 国／地域, destitute of water, except you make 井戸／弁護士席s; yet producing divers sorts of trees, but the 支持を得ようと努めるd are not 厚い, nor the trees very big. Most of the trees that we saw are dragon-trees as we supposed, and these too are the largest trees of any there.
They are about the bigness of our large apple-trees, and about the same 高さ, and the rind is blackish and somewhat rough. The leaves are of a dark colour; the gum distils out of the knots or 割れ目s that are in the 団体／死体s of the trees. We compared it with some gum dragon, or dragon's 血, that was on board, and it was of the same colour and taste. The other sorts of trees were not known by any of us. There was pretty long grass growing under the trees, but it was very thin. We saw no trees that bore fruit or berries.
We saw no sort of animal, nor any 跡をつける of beast, but once, and that seemed to be the tread of a beast as big as a mastiff dog. Here are a few small land-birds, but 非，不，無 bigger than a 黒人／ボイコット-bird and but few sea fowls.
Neither is the sea very plentifully 蓄える／店d with fish, unless you reckon the manatee and 海がめ as such. Of these creatures there is plenty, but they are 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の shy, though the inhabitants cannot trouble them much, having neither boats nor アイロンをかける.
The inhabitants of this country are the miserablest people in the world. The Hodmadods of Monomatapa, though a 汚い people yet for wealth are gentlemen to these, who have no houses and 肌 衣料品s, sheep, poultry, and fruits of the earth, ostrich eggs etc. as the Hodmadods have; and setting aside their human 形態／調整, they 異なる but little from brutes. They are tall, straight-団体／死体d and thin, with small long 四肢s. They have 広大な／多数の／重要な 長，率いるs, 一連の会議、交渉／完成する foreheads and 広大な／多数の／重要な brows. Their eyelids are always half の近くにd to keep the 飛行機で行くs out of their 注目する，もくろむs, 存在 so troublesome here, that no fanning will keep them from coming to one's 直面する, and without the 援助 of both 手渡すs to keep them off, will creep into one's nostrils and mouth too, if the lips are not shut very の近くに. So that from their 幼少／幼藍期 存在 thus annoyed with these insects, they never open their 注目する，もくろむs as other people; and therefore they cannot see far, unless they 停止する their 長，率いるs, as if they were looking at somewhat over them.
They have 広大な／多数の／重要な 瓶／封じ込める noses, pretty 十分な lips, and wide mouths. The two fore-teeth of their upper jaw are wanting in all of them, men and women, old and young; whether they draw them out, I know not, neither have they any 耐えるd. They are long-visaged, and of a very unpleasing 面, having no one graceful feature in their 直面するs. Their hair is 黒人／ボイコット, short and curled, like that of the negroes, and not long and lank like the ありふれた Indian. The colour of the 肌, both of their 直面するs and the 残り／休憩（する） of their 団体／死体, is coal 黒人／ボイコット, like that of the negroes of Guinea.
They have no sort of 着せる／賦与するs, but a piece of the rind of a tree tied like a girdle about their waists, and a handful of long grass or three or four small green boughs, 十分な of leaves, thrust under their girdle to cover their nakedness.
They have no houses, but 嘘（をつく） in the open 空気／公表する, without any covering, the earth their bed, and the heaven their canopy. Their only food is a small sort of fish, which they get by making wares of 石／投石する, across little coves, or 支店s of the sea; every tide bringing in the small fish, and there leaving them for a prey to these people, who 絶えず …に出席する there to search for them at low water. This small fry I take to be the 最高の，を越す of their 漁業; they have no 器具s to catch 広大な／多数の／重要な fish, should they come; and such seldom stay to be left behind at low water; nor could we catch any fish with our hooks and lines all the while we lay there.
In other places at low water they 捜し出す for cockles, mussels, and periwinkles; of these 爆撃する-fish there are より小数の still, so that their 長，指導者 dependence is on what the sea leaves in their wares, which, be it much or little, they gather up, and march to the place of their abode. There the old people, that are not able to 動かす abroad, by 推論する／理由 of their age, and the tender 幼児s, wait their return: and what providence has bestowed upon them, they presently broil on the coals, and eat in ありふれた. いつかs they get as many fish as make them a splendid 祝宴; and at other times they 不十分な get every one a taste; but be it little or much that they get, every one has his part, 同様に the young and tender, and the old and feeble who are not able to go abroad, as the strong and lusty.
How they get their 解雇する／砲火／射撃 I know not; but probably, as Indians do out of 支持を得ようと努めるd. I have seen the Indians of Bon-Airy do it, and have myself tried the 実験. They take a flat piece of 支持を得ようと努めるd that is pretty soft, and make a small dent in one 味方する of it, then they take another hard 一連の会議、交渉／完成する stick, about the bigness of one's little finger, and sharpening it at one end like a pencil, they put the sharp end in the 穴を開ける or dent of the soft flat piece, and then rubbing or twirling the hard piece between the palms of their 手渡すs, they 演習 the soft piece till it smokes, and at last takes 解雇する／砲火／射撃.
These people speak somewhat through the throat, but we could not understand one word that they said. We 錨，総合司会者d, as I said before, January 5th, and seeing men walking on the shore, we presently sent a canoe to get some 知識 with them, for we were in hopes to get some 準備／条項s の中で them. But the inhabitants, seeing our boat coming, ran away and hid themselves. We searched afterwards three days in hopes to find the houses, but 設立する 非，不，無, yet we saw many places where they had made 解雇する／砲火／射撃s. At last 存在 out of hopes to find their habitations, we searched no その上の but left a 広大な／多数の／重要な many toys 岸に, in such places that we thought that they would come. In all our search we 設立する no water, but old 井戸／弁護士席s on the sandy bays.
At last we went over to the islands, and there we 設立する a 広大な／多数の／重要な many of the natives; I do believe there were forty on one island, men women and children. The men at our first coming 岸に, 脅すd us with their lances and swords, but they were 脅すd, by 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing one gun, which we 解雇する／砲火／射撃d purposely to 脅す them. The island was so small that they could not hide themselves; but they were much disordered at our 上陸, 特に the women and children, for we went 直接／まっすぐに to their （軍の）野営地，陣営. The lustiest of the women, snatching up their 幼児s, ran away howling, and the little children ran after, squeaking and bawling, but the men stood still. Some of the women and such of the people as could not go from us, lay still by a 解雇する／砲火／射撃 making a doleful noise, as if we had been coming to devour them; but when they saw we did not ーするつもりである to 害（を与える） them, they were pretty 静かな, and the 残り／休憩（する） that fled from us at our first coming, returned again. This, their place of dwelling, was only a 解雇する／砲火／射撃, with a few boughs before it, 始める，決める up on that 味方する the 勝利，勝つd was of.
After we had been here a little while, the men began to be familiar, and we cloathed some of them, designing to have some service of them for it; for we 設立する some 井戸／弁護士席s of water here, and ーするつもりであるd to carry two or three バーレル／樽s of it on board. But 存在 somewhat troublesome to carry on the canoes, we thought to have made these men carry it for us and therefore we gave them some cloathes; to one an old pair of breeches; to another a ragged shirt; to the third a jacket that was 不十分な 価値（がある） owning; which yet would have been very 許容できる at some places where we had been, and so we thought they might have with these people. We put them on them, thinking that this finery would have brought them to work heartily for us; and our water 存在 filled in small long バーレル／樽s, about six gallons each, which were made purposely to carry water in, we brought these, our new servants, to the 井戸／弁護士席s and put a バーレル／樽 on each of their shoulders for them to carry to the canoe. But all the 調印するs we could make were to no 目的, for they stood like statues, without 動議, but grinned like so many monkeys, 星／主役にするing one upon another, for these poor creatures seem not accustomed to carry 重荷（を負わせる）s; and I believe that one of our ships-boys of ten years old, would carry as much as one of them; so we were 軍隊d to carry our water ourselves, and they very 公正に／かなり put the cloathes off again, and laid them 負かす／撃墜する as if cloathes were only to work in. I did not perceive that they had any 広大な／多数の／重要な liking to them at first, neither did they seem to admire anything that we had.
At our first coming, before we were 熟知させるd with them, or they with us, a company of them who lived on the main, （機の）カム just against our ship, and standing on a pretty bank, 脅すd us with their swords and lances, by shaking them at us; at last the captain ordered the 派手に宣伝する to be beaten, which was done of a sudden with much vigour, purposely to 脅す the poor creatures. They, 審理，公聴会 the noise ran away as 急速な／放蕩な as they could 運動, and when they ran away in haste, they would cry, gurry, gurry, speaking 深い in the throat. Those inhabitants also that live on the main, would always run away from us; yet we took several of them. For, as I have already 観察するd, they had such bad 注目する，もくろむs, that they could not see us till we （機の）カム の近くに to them. We always gave them victuals, and let them go again but the islanders, after our first time of 存在 の中で them, did not 動かす for us.
Source.—Cook's 定期刊行物 (edited by Wharton, 1893), pp. 237-249, 311-312
Captain Cook was the first Englishman to search for the 広大な／多数の／重要な South Land. After 観察するing the 輸送 of Venus, he made 広範囲にわたる 探検s in New Zealand, and then sailed West, to 捜し出す the East Coast of New Holland.
April 1770. Thursday 19th. At 5, 始める，決める the topsails の近くに 暗礁'd and 6, saw land, 延長するing from N.E. to W., distance 5 or 6 leagues, having 80 fathoms, 罰金 sandy 底（に届く）. The 最南端の land we had in sight, which bore from us W 3/4 S., I 裁判官d to lay in the latitude of 38° 0' S., and in the Long. of 211° 7' W. from the Meridian of Greenwich. I have 指名するd it Point Hicks, because 中尉／大尉／警部補 Hicks was the first who discovered this land. To the Southward of this Point we could see no land, and yet it was （疑いを）晴らす in that ４半期/4分の1 and by our Long. compared with that of Tasman's, the 団体／死体 of 先頭 Diemen's Land せねばならない have bore 予定 South from us. The 最北の land in sight bore N. by E. 1/2 E., and a small island lying の近くに to a Point on the main bore W., distant 2 Leagues. This Point I have 指名するd Cape Howe; it may be known by the 傾向ing of the Coast, which is N. on the one 味方する, and S.W. on the other.
Saturday, 28th. At daylight in the morning we discovered a Bay which appeared to be tolerably 井戸／弁護士席 避難所d from all 勝利，勝つd, into which I 解決するd to go with the ship, and with this 見解（をとる） sent the Master in the Pinnace to sound the 入り口.
Sunday, 29th. Saw as we （機の）カム in, on both points of the Bay, several of the natives and a few huts; men, women, and children, on the S. shore abreast of the ship, to which place I went in the boats in hopes of speaking with them, …を伴ってd by Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and Tupia. As we approached the shore they all made off, except two men, who seemed 解決するd to …に反対する our 上陸. As soon as I saw this I ordered the boats to lay upon their oars, ーするために speak to them; but this was to little 目的, for neither us nor Tupia could understand one word they said. We then threw them some nails, beads, etc., 岸に, which they took up, and seemed not ill-pleased with, in so much that I thought that they beckoned us to come 岸に, but in this we were mistaken, for as soon as we put the boat in they again （機の）カム to …に反対する us, upon which I 解雇する／砲火／射撃d a musket between the two, which had no other 影響 than to make them retire 支援する, where bundles of their darts lay, and one of them took up a 石／投石する and threw it at us, which 原因（となる）d my 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing a second musket, 負担 with small 発射; and although some of the 発射 struck the man yet it had no other 影響 than making him lay 持つ／拘留する on a 的. すぐに after this we landed, which we had no sooner done than they throw'd two darts at us; this 強いるd me to 解雇する／砲火／射撃 a third 発射, soon after which, they both made off, but not in such haste but what we might have taken one; but Mr. Banks 存在 of opinion that the darts were 毒（薬）d, made me 用心深い how I 前進するd into the 支持を得ようと努めるd. We 設立する here a few small huts made of the bark of trees, in one of which were four or five small children with whom we left some strings of beads, etc. A 量 of darts lay about the huts; these we took away with us. Three canoes lay upon the beach, the worst, I think, I ever saw; they were about 12 or 14 feet long, made of one piece of the bark of a tree, drawn or tied up at each end, and the middle kept open by means of stick by way of 妨害するs. After searching for fresh water without success, except a little in a small 穴を開ける dug in the sand, we 乗る，着手するd and went over to the N. point of the Bay, where in coming in we saw several people; but when we landed now there was nobody to be seen. We 設立する here some fresh water, which （機の）カム trinkling 負かす／撃墜する and stood in pools の中で the 激しく揺するs; but as this was troublesome to come at I sent a party of men 岸に in the morning to the place where we first landed, to dig 穴を開けるs in the sand, by which means and a small stream they 設立する fresh water 十分な to water the ship. The string of beads, etc., we had left with the children last night were 設立する lying in the huts this morning; probably the natives were afraid to take them away.
Tuesday, May 1st. This morning a party of us went 岸に to some huts not far from the watering-place, where some of the natives are daily seen; here we left several articles, such as cloth, looking glasses, 徹底的に捜すs, beads, nails, etc.; after this we made an excursion into the Country, which we 設立する diversified with 支持を得ようと努めるd, lawns, and 沼s. The 支持を得ようと努めるd are 解放する／自由な from underwood of every 肉親，親類d, and the trees are at such a distance from one another, that the whole country, or at least a 広大な／多数の／重要な part of it, might be cultivated without having to 削減（する） 負かす／撃墜する a 選び出す／独身 tree. We 設立する the 国／地域 everywhere, except in the 沼s, to be a light white sand, and produceth a 量 of good grass, which grows in little tufts about as big as one can 持つ／拘留する in one's 手渡すs, and pretty の近くに to one another; in this manner the surface of the ground is coated. In the 支持を得ようと努めるd between the trees, Dr. Solander had a 明らかにする sight of a small animal something like a rabbit, and we 設立する the dung of an animal which must 料金d upon grass, and which, we 裁判官, could not be いっそう少なく than a deer; we also saw the 跡をつける of a dog, or some such like animal. We met with some huts and places where the natives had been, and at our first setting out one of them was seen; the others had, I suppose, fled upon our approach. I saw some trees that had been 削減（する） 負かす／撃墜する by the natives with some sort of a blunt 器具, and several trees that were barked, the bark of which had been 削減（する） by the same 器具; in many of the trees, 特に the Palms, were 削減（する） steps of about 3 or 4 feet asunder for the conveniency of climbing them. We 設立する 2 sorts of gum, one sort of which is like gum-dragon, and is the same, I suppose, Tasman took for gum-lac; it is 抽出するd from the largest tree in the 支持を得ようと努めるd.
Thursday, 3rd. After this we took water, and went almost to the 長，率いる of the Inlet, where we landed and travelled some distance inland. We 設立する the 直面する of the country much the same as I have before 述べるd, but the land much richer, for instead of sand, I 設立する in many places a 深い 黒人／ボイコット 国／地域, which we thought was 有能な of producing any 肉親，親類d of 穀物. At 現在の it produceth besides 木材／素質, as 罰金 meadow as ever was seen; however, we 設立する it not all like this, some few places were very rocky, but this, I believe to be uncommon.
Sunday, 6th. The 広大な／多数の／重要な 量 of 工場／植物s Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander 設立する in this place, occasioned my giving it the 指名する of Botany Bay. During our stay in this harbour I 原因（となる）d the English colours to be 陳列する，発揮するd 岸に every day, and an inscription to be 削減（する） out upon one of the trees 近づく the watering-place, setting 前へ／外へ the ship's 指名する, date, etc. Having seen everything the place afforded, we at daylight in the morning, 重さを計るd with a light 微風 at N.W. and put to sea, and the 勝利，勝つd soon after coming to the Southward, we steered along shore N.N.E., and at noon were about 2 or 3 miles from the land, and abreast of a bay, wherein there appeared to be a 安全な 船の停泊地, which I called Port Jackson. It lies 3 leagues to the Northward of Botany Bay.
CAPE YORK. POSSESSION ISLAND
Wednesday, 22nd Aug. Gentle 微風s at E. by S. and （疑いを）晴らす 天候. We had not steered above 3 or 4 miles along shore to the 西方の before we discovered the land ahead to be Islands detached by several Channels from the main land; upon this we brought to, to wait for the Yawl, and called the other boats on board, and after giving them proper 指示／教授／教育s sent them away again to lead us through the channel next the main, and as soon as the yawl was on board, made sail after them with the ship. Before and after we 錨，総合司会者d we saw a number of people upon this Island, 武装した in the same manner as all the others we have seen, except one man, who had a 屈服する, and a bundle of arrows, the first we have seen upon this coast. From the 外見 of the people we 推定する／予想するd they would have …に反対するd our 上陸; but as we approached the shore they all made off, and left us in peaceable 所有／入手 of as much of the island as served our 目的. After 上陸, I went upon the highest hill, which, however, was of no 広大な／多数の／重要な 高さ, yet no いっそう少なく than twice or thrice the 高さ of the ship's mastheads; but I could see from it no land between S.W. and W.S.W. so I did not 疑問 but there was a passage. I could see plainly that the lands laying to the N.W. of this passage were composed of a number of islands of さまざまな extent, both for 高さ and 回路・連盟, 範囲d one behind another as far to the Northward and 西方の as I could see, which could not be いっそう少なく than 12 or 14 leagues.
Having 満足させるd myself of the 広大な／多数の／重要な probability of a passage thro' which I ーするつもりである going with the ship, and therefore may land no more upon this Eastern Coast of New Holland, and on the Western 味方する I can make no new 発見, the 栄誉（を受ける） of which belongs to the Dutch 航海士s, but the Eastern Coast from the Lat. of 38° S. 負かす／撃墜する to this place, I am 確信して, was never seen or visited by any European before us; and notwithstanding I had in the 指名する of His Majesty taken 所有／入手 of several places upon this coast, I now once more hoisted English colours, and in the 指名する of His Majesty King George the Third, took 所有／入手 of the whole Eastern Coast from the above Lat. 負かす／撃墜する to this place by the 指名する of New むちの跡s, together with all the Bays, Harbours, Rivers, and Islands, 据えるd upon the said coast; after which we 解雇する／砲火／射撃d three ボレーs of small 武器, which were answered by the like number from the ship.
This done, we 始める，決める out for the ship, but were some time in getting on board on account of a very 早い ebb tide, which 始める，決める N.E. out of the passage.
Source.—Voyage to Terra Australis (Matthew Flinders, 1814), Introduction, pp. xcvi-xcvii, cxix-cxliii
The first 沿岸の 探検s after the 設立 of Sydney were 行為／行うd by Bass and Flinders. Together they discovered the Hunter River; Bass in a second voyage discovered Western Port; and again together they sailed through Bass 海峡, 証明するing Tasmania to be an island.
1795. On arriving at Port Jackson, in September it appeared that the 調査 of the coast had not been 大いに 延長するd beyond the three harbours; and even in these some of the rivers were not altogether 調査するd.
In Mr. George Bass, 外科医 of the 依存, I had the happiness to find a man whose ardour for 発見 was not to be repressed by any 障害, nor deterred by danger; and with this friend a 決意 was formed of 完全にするing the examination of the East Coast of New South むちの跡s, by all such 適切な時期s as the 義務 of the ship and procurable means could 収容する／認める.
事業／計画（する）s of this nature, when 起こる／始まるing in the minds of young men, are usually 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d romantic; and so far from any good 存在 心配するd, even prudence and friendship join in discouraging, if not in …に反対するing them. Thus it was in the 現在の 事例／患者; so that a little boat of eight feet long, called Tom Thumb, with a 乗組員 composed of ourselves and a boy, was the best 器具／備品 to be procured for the first 手始め. In the month に引き続いて the arrival of the ships, we proceeded 一連の会議、交渉／完成する in this boat, to Botany Bay; and 上がるing George's River, one of two which 落ちるs into the Bay, 調査するd its winding course about twenty miles beyond where 知事 Hunter's 調査する had been carried.
The sketch made of this river and 現在のd to the 知事 with the favourable 報告（する）／憶測 of the land on its 国境s, induced His Excellency to 診察する them himself すぐに afterward; and was followed by 設立するing there a new 支店 of the 植民地, under the 指名する of Banks' Town.
1796. We sailed out of Port Jackson 早期に in the morning of March 25, and stood a little off to sea to be ready for the sea 微風.
The sea 微風, on the 27th, …に反対するd our return; and learning from two Indians that no water could be procured at Red Point, we 受託するd their 申し込む／申し出 of 操縦するing us to a river which, they said, lay a few miles その上の southward, and where not only fresh water was abundant, but also fish and wild ducks. These men were natives of Botany Bay, whence it was that we understood a little of their language, whilst that of some others was altogether unintelligible. Their river 証明するd to be nothing more than a small stream, which descended from a lagoon under Hat Hill, and 軍隊d a passage for itself through the beach; so that we entered it with difficulty even in Tom Thumb. Our two conductors then quitted the boat to walk along the sandy shore abreast, with eight or ten strange natives in company.
After 列／漕ぐ／騒動ing a mile up the stream, and finding it to become more shallow, we began to entertain 疑問s of 安全な・保証するing a 退却／保養地 from these people, should they be hostilely inclined; and they had the 評判 at Port Jackson of 存在 exceedingly ferocious, if not cannibals. Our muskets were not yet 解放する／自由なd from rust and sand, and there was a 圧力（をかける）ing necessity to procure fresh water before 試みる／企てるing to return northward. Under these 当惑s we agreed upon a 計画（する） of 活動／戦闘, and went on shore 直接／まっすぐに to the natives. Mr. Bass 雇うd some of them to 補助装置 in 修理ing an oar which had been broken in our 災害, whilst I spread the wet 砕く out in the sun. This met with no 対立, for they knew not what the 砕く was; but when we proceeded to clean the muskets, it excited so much alarm that it was necessary to desist.
On 問い合わせing of the two friendly natives for water, they pointed 上向きs to the lagoon; but after many 回避s our barica was filled at a 穴を開ける not many yards distant.
The number of people had 増加するd to 近づく twenty, and others were still coming, so that it was necessary to use all possible 探検隊／遠征隊 in getting out of their reach. But a new 雇用 arose upon our 手渡すs; we had clipped the hair and 耐えるd of the two Botany Bay natives at Red Point; and they were showing themselves to the others, and 説得するing them to follow their example. Whilst, therefore, the 砕く was 乾燥した，日照りのing, I began with a large pair of scissors to 遂行する／発効させる my new office upon the eldest of four or five chins 現在のd to me; and as 広大な／多数の／重要な nicety was not 要求するd, the shearing of a dozen of them did not 占領する me long. Some of the more timid were alarmed at a formidable 器具 coming so 近づく to their noses, and would scarcely be 説得するd by their shaven friends to 許す the 操作／手術 to be finished. But when their chins were held up a second time, their 恐れる of the 器具—the wild 星／主役にする of their 注目する，もくろむs—and the smile which they 軍隊d, formed a 構内／化合物 upon the rough savage countenance, not unworthy the pencil of a Hogarth. I was almost tempted to try what 影響 a little snip would produce; but our 状況／情勢 was too 批判的な to 収容する／認める of such 実験s.
Everything 存在 用意が出来ている for a 退却／保養地, the natives became vociferous for the boat to go up to the lagoon; and it was not without stratagem that we 後継するd in getting 負かす／撃墜する to the 入り口 of the stream, where the depth of water placed us out of their reach.
In 1798 Mr. Bass sailed (in a whaleboat) with only six weeks' 準備／条項s; but with the 援助 of 時折の 供給（する）s of petrels, fish, 調印（する）'s flesh, and a few geese and 黒人／ボイコット swans, and by abstinence he had been enabled to 長引かせる his voyage beyond eleven weeks. His ardour and perseverance were 栄冠を与えるd, in にもかかわらず of the foul 勝利，勝つd which so much …に反対するd him, with a degree of success not to have been 心配するd from such feeble means. In three hundred miles of coast from Fort Jackson to the 押し通す 長，率いる he 追加するd a number of particulars which had escaped Captain Cook; and will always escape any 航海士 in a first 発見, unless he have the time and means of joining a の近くに examination by boats, to what may be seen from the ship.
Our previous knowledge of the coast scarcely 延長するd beyond the 押し通す 長，率いる; and there began the 収穫 in which Mr. Bass was ambitious to place the first 得るing-hook. The new coast was traced three hundred miles; and instead of 傾向ing southwards to join itself to 先頭 Diemen's Land, as Captain Furneaux had supposed, he 設立する it, beyond a 確かな point, to take a direction nearly opposite, and to assume the 外見 of 存在 exposed to the buffetings of an open sea. Mr. Bass, himself, entertained no 疑問 of the 存在 of a wide 海峡, separating 先頭 Diemen's Land from New South むちの跡s; and he 産する／生じるd with the greatest 不本意 to the necessity of returning, before it was so fully ascertained as to 収容する／認める of no 疑問 in the minds of others. But he had the satisfaction of placing at the end of his new coast, an 広範囲にわたる and useful harbour, surrounded with a country superior to any other known in the southern parts of New South むちの跡s.
A voyage expressly undertaken for 発見 in an open boat, and in which six hundred miles of coast, mostly in a boisterous 気候, was 調査するd, has not, perhaps, its equal in the annals of 海上の history. The public will award to its high-spirited and able conductor, 式のs! now no more, an honorable place in the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of those whose ardour stands most 目だつ for the 昇進／宣伝 of useful knowledge.
1798. Mr. Bass had been returned a fortnight from his 探検隊／遠征隊 in the whaleboat; and he communicated all his 公式文書，認めるs and 観察s to be 追加するd to my chart. There seemed to want no other proof of the 存在 of a passage between New South むちの跡s and 先頭 Diemen's Land, than that of sailing 前向きに／確かに through it; but however anxious I was to 得る this proof, the gratification of my 願望（する） was 要求するd to be 一時停止するd by a voyage to Norfolk Island in the 依存.
In September に引き続いて, His Excellency, 知事 Hunter, had the goodness to give me the Norfolk, a 植民地の sloop of twenty-five トンs with 当局 to 侵入する behind Furneaux's Islands; and should a 海峡 be 設立する, to pass through it, and return by the south end of 先頭 Diemen's Land. Twelve weeks were 許すd for the 業績／成果 of this service, and 準備／条項s for that time were put on board; the 残り／休憩（する） of the 器具／備品 was 完全にするd by the friendly care of Captain Waterhouse of the 依存.
I had the happiness to associate my friend Bass in this new 探検隊／遠征隊, and to form an excellent 乗組員 of eight volunteers from the King's ships.
THE WEST END OF THE STRAIT
The south-west 勝利，勝つd died away in the night; and at six next morning, Dec. 9, we got under way with a light 空気／公表する at south-east. After 一連の会議、交渉／完成するing the north-east point of the three-hummock land, our course 西方の was 追求するd along its north 味方する.
A large flock of gannets was 観察するd at daylight, to 問題／発行する out of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Bight to the southward; and they were followed by such a number of the sooty petrels as we had never seen equalled. There was a stream of from fifty to eighty yards in depth, and of three hundred yards or more in breadth; the birds were not scattered, but 飛行機で行くing as compactly as a 解放する／自由な movement of their wings seemed to 許す; and during a 十分な hour and a half, this stream of petrels continued to pass without interruption, at a 率 little inferior to the swiftness of the pigeon. On the lowest computation, I think the number could not have been いっそう少なく than a hundred millions; and we were thence led to believe that there must be, in the large bight, one or more uninhabited islands of かなりの size.
From the north-east point of the three-hummock land, the shore 傾向d W. 1° N. three miles; then S. 39° W. four miles, to a rocky point forming the south-west extremity of what was then ascertained to be Three-hummock Island. The channel which separates it from the land to the west is, at least, two miles in width, and is 深い; so that it was difficult to conjecture how the Indians were able to get over to the island. It was almost 確かな that they had no canoes at Port Dalrymple, nor any means of reaching islands lying not more than two cable lengths from the shore; and it therefore seemed improbable that they should 所有する canoes here. The small size of Three-hummock Island （判決などを）下すd the idea of 直す／買収する，八百長をするd inhabitants 認容できない; and whichever way it was considered, the presence of men there was a problem difficult to be 解決するd.
The coast on the west 味方する of the channel lies nearly south, and rises in 高さ as it 前進するs に向かって the cliffy 長，率いる, 始める，決める on the 6th p.m. The north end of this island is a sloping rocky point; and the first 発射／推定 which opened 一連の会議、交渉／完成する it, was at S. 32&激烈な／緊急の; W., five or six miles. Beyond this there was nothing like 本土／大陸 to be seen; indeed, this western land itself had very little the 外見 of 存在 such, either in its form, or in its poor 餓死するd vegetation. So soon as we had passed the north sloping point, a long swell was perceived to come from the South-west, such as we had not been accustomed to for some time. It broke ひどく upon a small 暗礁, lying a mile and a half from the point, and upon all the western shores; but although it was likely to 証明する troublesome, and perhaps dangerous, Mr. Bass and myself あられ／賞賛するd it with joy and 相互の congratulation, as 発表するing the 完成 of our long-wished-for 発見 of a passage into the Southern Indian Ocean.
We had a 罰金 微風 at east; and our course was directed for a small, rocky island, which lies W. 1/2 N. 6 miles from the north point of the barren land. This land appeared to be almost white with birds; and so much excited our curiosity and hope of procuring a 供給（する） of food, that Mr. Bass went on shore in the boat whilst I stood off and on, waiting his return. No land could be seen to the northward, and the furthest 明確に distinguishable in the opposite direction was a 法外な island at the distance of four leagues.
Mr. Bass returned at half past two, with a boat-負担 of 調印（する）s and albatrosses. He had been 強いるd to fight his way up the cliffs of the islands with the 調印（する）s, and when arrived at the 最高の，を越す, to make a road with his clubs amongst the albatrosses. These birds were sitting upon their nests, and almost covered the surface of the ground, nor did they any さもなければ derange themselves for the new 訪問者s, than to つつく／ペック at their 脚s as they passed by. This 種類 of albatross is white on the neck and breast, partly brown on the 支援する and wings, and its size is いっそう少なく than many others met with in that sea, 特に in the high southern latitudes. The 調印（する）s were of the usual size, and bore a 赤みを帯びた fur, much inferior in 質 to that of the 調印（する）s at Furneaux's Islands.
Albatross Island, for so it was 指名するd, is 近づく two miles in length, and 十分に high to be seen five or six leagues from a ship's deck: its shores are mostly 法外な cliffs.
The north-west cape of 先頭 Diemen's Land, or island as it might now be 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d, is a 法外な 黒人／ボイコット 長，率いる, which, from its 外見, I call Cape Grim. It lies nearly 予定 south, four miles from the centre of Trefoil, in latitude 40° 44&激烈な／緊急の;; the longtitude will be 144° 43&激烈な／緊急の; East, によれば the position of Albatross Island made in the 捜査官／調査官. There are two 激しく揺するs の近くに to Cape Grim, of the same description with itself. On the north 味方する of the Cape the shore is a low sandy beach, and 傾向s north-eastward three or four miles; but whether there be 十分な depth for ships to pass between it and Barren Island, has not, I believe, been yet ascertained. To the south of the Cape the 黒人／ボイコット cliffs 延長する seven or eight miles, when the shore 落ちるs 支援する eastward to a sandy bay of which little could be perceived.
1799. To the 海峡 which had been the 広大な／多数の／重要な 反対する of 研究, and whose 発見 was now 完全にするd, 知事 Hunter gave, at my 推薦, the 指名する of Bass 海峡. This was no more than a just 尊敬の印 to my worthy friend and companion, for the extreme dangers and 疲労，（軍の）雑役s he had undergone in first entering it in the 鯨-boat, and to the 訂正する judgment he had formed from さまざまな 指示，表示する物s, of the 存在 of a wide 開始 between 先頭 Diemen's Land and New South むちの跡s.
Source.—Voyage to Terra Australis (Matthew Flinders, 1814), pp. 36-37, 60-61, 211-220, 229-231
In 承認 of his services Captain Flinders was given 命令（する） of the 捜査官／調査官 in which to 起訴する the 探検 of Terra Australis. He sailed along the South coast and up the East, to Port Jackson: subsequently, he circumnavigated the continent and 示唆するd its 現在の 指名する.
October 16th, 1801. At daybreak we 推定する／予想するd to see the highland of the Cape (of Good Hope), but the 天候 存在 煙霧のかかった, it could not be distinguished until eight o'clock.
At this time we had not a 選び出す／独身 person on the sick 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）, both officers and men 存在 fully in as good health as when we sailed from Spithead. I had begun very 早期に to put in 死刑執行 the 有益な 計画（する） first practised and made known by the 広大な／多数の／重要な Captain Cook. It was in the standing orders of the ship, that on every 罰金 day the deck below and the 操縦室s should be （疑いを）晴らすd, washed, 空気／公表するd with stoves, and ぱらぱら雨d with vinegar. On wet and dull days they were cleaned and 空気／公表するd without washing. Care was taken to 妨げる the people from sleeping upon deck, or lying 負かす／撃墜する in their wet 着せる／賦与するs; and once in every fortnight or three weeks, as circumstances permitted, their beds, and the contents of their lockers, chests, and 捕らえる、獲得するs, were exposed to the sun and 空気／公表する. On the Thursday and Sunday mornings the ship's company was 召集（する）d, and every man appeared clean shaved and dressed; and when the evenings were 罰金, the 派手に宣伝する and fife 発表するd the forecastle to be the scene of dancing; nor did I discourage other playful amusements which might occasionally be more to the taste of the sailors, and were not unseasonable.
Within the tropics, lime juice and sugar were made to 十分である as antiscorbutics; on reaching a higher latitude, sour krout and vinegar were 代用品，人d; the essence of malt was reserved for the passage to New Holland, and for 未来 occasions. On 協議するing with the 外科医, I had thought it expedient to make some slight changes in the 問題／発行するing of the 準備／条項s. Oatmeal was boiled for breakfast four days in the week instead of three; and when rice was 問題／発行するd after the 支出 of the cheese, it was boiled on the other three days. Pease soup was 用意が出来ている for dinner four days a week as usual; and at other times two ounces of portable broth, in cakes, to each man, with such 新規加入s of onions, pepper, etc., as the different messes 所有するd, made a comfortable 新規加入 to their salt meat. And neither in this passage, nor, I may 追加する, in any その後の part of the voyage, were the officers or people 制限するd to any allowance of fresh water. They drank 自由に at the scuttled 樽, and took away, under the 査察 of the officer of the watch, all that was requisite for culinary 目的s; and very frequently two 樽s of water in the week were given for washing their 着せる／賦与するs. With these 規則s, joined to a 予定 施行 of discipline, I had the satisfaction to see my people 整然とした and 十分な of zeal for the service in which we were engaged; and in such a 明言する／公表する of health, that no 延期する at the Cape was 要求するd beyond the necessary refitment of the ship, and I still hoped to save a good part of the summer season upon the south coast of Terra Australis.
KING GEORGE'S SOUND
On Dec. 30th our wooding and the watering of the ship were 完全にするd, the 船の索具 was refitted, the sails 修理d and bent, and the ship unmoored. Our friends, the natives, continued to visit us; and the old man with several others 存在 at the テントs this morning, I ordered a party of 海洋s on shore to be 演習d in their presence. The red coats and white crossed belts were 大いに admired, having some resemblance to their own manner of ornamenting themselves; and the 派手に宣伝する, but 特に the fife, excited their astonishment, but when they saw these beautiful red and white men with their 有望な muskets, drawn up in a line, they 絶対 叫び声をあげるd with delight; nor were their wild gestures and vociferation to be silenced but by 開始するing the 演習, to which they paid the most earnest and silent attention. Several of them moved their 手渡すs involuntarily in 一致 with the 動議s; and the old man placed himself at the end of the 階級, with a short staff in his 手渡す, which he shouldered, 現在のd, grounded, as did the 海洋s their muskets, without, I believe, knowing what he did. Before 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing, the Indians were made 熟知させるd with what was going to take place; so that the ボレーs did not excite much terror.
PORT PHILLIP
Monday, April 26th, 1802. On coming within five miles of the shore at eleven o'clock, we 設立する it to be low and mostly sandy; and that the bluff 長，率いる, which had been taken for the north end of an island, was part of a 山の尾根 of hills rising at Cape Schanck. We then bore away 西方の, ーするために trace the land 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 長，率いる of the 深い bight.
On the west 味方する of the rocky point there was a small 開始 with breaking water across it; however, on 前進するing a little more 西方の the 開始 assumed a more 利益／興味ing 面, and I bore away to have a nearer 見解（をとる）. A large extent of water presently became 明白な within 味方する; and although the 入り口 seemed to be very 狭くする, and there were in it strong ripplings like breakers, I was induced to steer in at half-past one; the ship 存在 の近くに upon the 勝利，勝つd, and every man ready for tacking at a moment's 警告; the soundings were 不規律な between 6 and 12 fathoms, until we got four miles within the 入り口, when they shoaled quick to 2-3/4.
The 広範囲にわたる harbour we had thus 突然に 設立する I supposed must be Western Port, although the narrowness of the 入り口 did by no means correspond with the width given to it by Mr. Bass. It was the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） of Captain Baudin, who had coasted along from thence with 罰金 天候, and had 設立する no inlet of any 肉親，親類d, which had induced this supposition; and the very 広大な／多数の／重要な extent of the place, agreeing with that of Western Port, was in 確定／確認 of it. This however was not Western Port, as we 設立する next morning; and I congratulated myself on having made a new and useful 発見, but here again I was in error. This place, as I afterwards learnt at Port Jackson, had been discovered ten weeks before by 中尉／大尉／警部補 John Murray, who had 後継するd Captain 認める in 命令（する） of the Lady Nelson. He had given it the 指名する of Port Phillip, and to the rocky point on the east 味方する of the 入り口, that of Point Nepean.
Before 訴訟／進行 any higher with the ship, I wished to 伸び（る） some knowledge of the form and extent of this 広大な／多数の／重要な piece of water; and Arthur's seat 存在 more than a thousand feet high and 近づく the water 味方する, 現在のd a favourable 駅／配置する for the 目的. After breakfast I went away in a boat, …を伴ってd by Mr. Brown and some other gentlemen, for the Seat. I 上がるd the hill and to my surprise 設立する the Port so 広範囲にわたる, that even at this elevation its 境界 to the northward could not be distinguished. The western shore 延長するd from the 入り口 ten or eleven miles in a northern direction, to the extremity of what from its 外見 I called Indented 長，率いる; beyond it was a wide 支店 of the port 主要な to the 西方の, and I 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑うd might have a communication with the sea; for it was almost incredible that such a 広大な piece of water should not have a larger 出口 than that through which we had come.
Another かなりの piece of water was seen, at the distance of three or four leagues; as it appeared to have a communication with the sea to the south, I had no 疑問 of its 存在 Mr. Bass' Western Port.
Saturday, May 1st. At day-夜明け I 始める，決める off with three of the boat's 乗組員, for the highest part of the 支援する hills called 駅／配置する 頂点（に達する）. One or two miles before arriving at the feet of the hills, we entered a 支持を得ようと努めるd where an emu and a kangaroo were seen at a distance; and the 最高の，を越す of the 頂点（に達する） was reached at ten o'clock. I saw the water of the Port as far as N.75 E., so that the whole extent of the Port, north and south, is at least thirty miles.
I left the ship's 指名する on a scroll of paper, deposited in a small pile of 石／投石するs upon the 最高の，を越す of the 頂点（に達する）; and at three in the afternoon, reached the テント, much 疲労，（軍の）雑役d, having walked more than twenty miles without finding a 減少（する） of water.
Sunday, 2nd May. I find it very difficult to speak in general 条件 of Port Phillip. On the one 手渡す it is 有能な of receiving and 避難所ing a larger (n)艦隊／(a)素早い of ships than ever yet went to sea; whilst on the other, the 入り口 on its whole width is scarcely two miles, and nearly half of it is 占領するd by 激しく揺するs lying off Point Nepean, and by shoals on the opposite 味方する. The depth in the remaining part 変化させるs from 6 to 12 fathoms; and this 不正行為 原因（となる）s the strong tides, 特に when running against the 勝利，勝つd, to make breakers, in which small 大型船s should be careful of engaging themselves; and when a ship has passed the 入り口, the shoals are a 広大な／多数の／重要な 障害 to a 解放する／自由な passage up the Port.
No runs of fresh water were seen in my excursions; but Mr. Grimes, Surveyor-General of New South むちの跡s, afterwards 設立する several, and in particular a small river 落ちるing into the Northern 長，率いる of the Port. The country surrounding Port Phillip has a pleasing and in many parts a fertile 外見; and the 味方するs of some of the hills and several of the valleys are fit for 農業の 目的s. It is in 広大な／多数の／重要な 手段 country 有能な of supporting cattle, though better calculated for sheep.
Were a 解決／入植地 to be made at Port Phillip, as doubtless there will be いつか hereafter, the 入り口 could be easily defended; and it would not be difficult to 設立する a friendly intercourse with the natives, for they are 熟知させるd with the 影響 of 小火器, and desirous of 所有するing many of our conveniences.
In the 支持を得ようと努めるd are the kangaroo, the emu or cassowary, paroquets, and a variety of small birds; the mud banks are たびたび（訪れる）d by ducks and some 黒人／ボイコット swans, and the shores by the usual sea fowl ありふれた to New South むちの跡s. The 範囲 of the 温度計 was between 61 and 67 and the 気候 appeared to be as good and agreeable as could 井戸／弁護士席 be 願望（する）d in the month corresponding to November. In 1803, 陸軍大佐 C. Collins of the 海洋s was sent out from England to make a new 解決／入植地 in this country, but he quitted Port Phillip for the South end of 先頭 Diemen's Land, probably from not finding fresh water for a 植民地 十分に 近づく to the 入り口.
PORT JACKSON
On the 4th of June the ship was dressed with colours, a 王室の salute 解雇する／砲火／射撃d, and I went with the 主要な／長／主犯 officers of the 捜査官／調査官 to 支払う／賃金 my 尊敬（する）・点s to His Excellency the 知事 and Captain-General in honour of His Majesty's birthday. On this occasion a splendid dinner was given to the 植民地; and the number of ladies and civil, 軍の, and 海軍の officers, was not いっそう少なく than forty, who met to celebrate the birth of their beloved 君主 in this distant part of the earth.
Captain Baudin arrived in the Geographe on the 20th, and a boat was sent from the 捜査官／調査官 to 補助装置 in 牽引するing the ship up to the cove, it was grievous to see the 哀れな 条件 to which both officers and 乗組員 were 減ずるd by scurvy; there 存在 not more out of 170, によれば the 指揮官's account, than twelve men 有能な of doing their 義務. The sick were received into the 植民地の Hospital; and both French ships furnished with everything in the 力／強力にする of the 植民地 to 供給（する）. Before their arrival the necessity of augmenting the number of cattle in the country had 妨げるd the 知事 from 許すing us any fresh meat; but some oxen belonging to 政府 were now killed for the 苦しめるd strangers; and by returning an equal 量 of salt meat, which was exceedingly 不十分な at this time, I 得るd a ４半期/4分の1 of beef for my people. The 苦しめる of the French 航海士s had indeed been 広大な／多数の／重要な, but every means were used by the 知事 and the 主要な／長／主犯 inhabitants of the 植民地, to make them forget both their sufferings and the war which 存在するd between the two nations.
July. His Excellency 知事 King, had done me the honour to visit the 捜査官／調査官, and to 受託する of a dinner on board; on which occasion he had been received with the 示すs of 尊敬（する）・点 予定 to his 階級 of Captain-General; and すぐに afterwards, the Captains Baudin and Hamelin, with Monsieur Peron and some other French officers, as also 陸軍大佐 Paterson, the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事, did me the same favour; when they were received under a salute of 11 guns. The 知能 of peace which had just been received 与える／捧げるd to enliven the party; and （判決などを）下すd our 会合 more 特に agreeable. I showed to Captain Baudin my charts of the South Coast, 含む／封じ込めるing the part first 調査するd by him, and distinctly 示すd as his 発見. He made no 反対 to the 司法（官） of the 限界s therein pointed out; but 設立する his 部分 to be smaller than he had supposed, not having before been aware of the extent of the 発見s 以前 made by Captain 認める.
After 診察するing the Chart, he said, 明らかに as a 推論する／理由 for not producing any of his own, that his charts were not 建設するd on board the ship; but that he transmitted to Paris all his bearings and 観察s, with a 正規の／正選手 一連の 見解（をとる）s of the land and from them the charts were to be made at a 未来 time.
NAMING THE CONTINENT
Had I permitted myself any 革新 upon the 初めの 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 (Terra Australis), it would have been to 変える it into Australia, as 存在 more agreeable to the ear, and an assimilation to the 指名するs of the other 広大な／多数の／重要な 部分s of the earth.
Source.—A 定期刊行物 of a 小旅行する of 発見 across the Blue Mountains, N.S.W. (Blaxland, 1823), Introduction and pp. 1, 22, 29-34
For many years the 解決／入植地 in N.S.W. was 限定するd to the 沿岸の plains, 借りがあるing to the impassability of the Blue Mountains. In 1813 Gregory Blaxland, …を伴ってd by Wentworth and Lawson, 遂行するd the passage, and opened 広大な plains for 解決／入植地.
TO JOHN OXLEY PARKER, ESQ., OF CHELMSFORD, ESSEX
London, Feb. 10th 1823.
Dear Sir,
Feelings of 感謝 for your 肉親，親類d attention to me in the 早期に part of life, have induced me to dedicate to you the に引き続いて short 定期刊行物 of my passage over the Blue Mountains, in the 植民地 of New South むちの跡s, under the 説得／派閥 that it will afford you 楽しみ at all times to hear that any of your family have been instrumental in 促進するing the 繁栄 of any country in which they may reside, however distant that country may be from the 即座の seat of our 政府.
Devoid as it is of any higher pretensions than belong to it as a plain unvarnished 声明, it may not be みなすd wholly uninteresting, when it is considered what important alterations the result of the 探検隊／遠征隊 has produced in the 即座の 利益／興味s and 繁栄 of the 植民地. This appears in nothing more decidedly than the 制限のない pasturage already afforded to the very 罰金 flocks of Merino Sheep, as 井戸／弁護士席 as the 広範囲にわたる field opened for the exertions of the 現在の, as 井戸／弁護士席 as 未来 世代s. It has changed the 面 of the 植民地, from a 限定するd 絶縁するd tract of land, to a rich and 広範囲にわたる continent.
This 探検隊／遠征隊, which has 証明するd so 完全に successful, resulted from two previous 試みる／企てるs. One of these was made by water, by His Excellency the 知事, in person, whom I …を伴ってd.
The other 探検隊／遠征隊 was undertaken by myself, …に出席するd by three European servants and two natives, with a horse to carry 準備／条項s and other necessities. We returned sooner than I ーするつもりであるd, 借りがあるing to one man 存在 taken ill. This 旅行 確認するd me in the opinion, that it was practicable to find a passage over the mountains, and I 解決するd at some 未来 period to 試みる／企てる it.
Soon after, I について言及するd the circumstance to His Excellency the 知事, who thought it reasonable, and 表明するd a wish that I should make the 試みる／企てる. Having made every requisite 準備, I 適用するd to the two gentlemen who …を伴ってd me, to join in the 探検隊／遠征隊, and was fortunate in 得るing their 同意.
To these gentlemen I have to 表明する my thanks for their company and to 認める that without their 援助 I should have had but little chance of success.
The road which has since been made deviates but a few 棒s in some places from the line （疑いを）晴らすd of the small trees and bushes, and 示すd by us. Nor does it appear likely that any other line of road will ever be discovered than at the difficult and 狭くする passes that we were fortunate to discover, by 改善するing which a good carriage road has now been made across the mountains. 開始する York is the Western 首脳会議 of the mountains, the vale Clwyd, the first valley at their feet from which a mountain (afterwards 指名するd 開始する Blaxland by His Excellency 知事 Macquarie) is about eight miles; which 終結させるd our 旅行.
I remain, dear sir, most respectfully,
Your affectionate 甥,
G. BLAXLAND.
On Tuesday, May 11, 1813, Mr. Gregory Blaxland, Mr. William Wentworth, and 中尉／大尉／警部補 Lawson, …に出席するd by four servants, with five dogs and four horses, laden with 準備／条項s, 弾薬／武器, and other necessaries, left Mr. Blaxland's farm at the South Creek, for the 目的 of endeavouring to 影響 a passage over the Blue Mountains, between the Western River, and the River Grose.
On the に引き続いて morning (May the 12th) as soon as the 激しい dew was off, which was about nine a.m., they proceeded to 上がる the 山の尾根 at the foot of which they had （軍の）野営地，陣営d the 先行する evening. After travelling about a mile on the third day in a west and north-west direction, they arrived at a large tract of forest land, rather hilly, the grass and 木材／素質 tolerably good. They 計算するd it as two thousand acres. Here they 設立する a 跡をつける 示すd by a European, by cutting the bark of the trees. They had not proceeded above two miles, when they 設立する themselves stopped by a brushwood, much 厚い than they had hitherto met with. This induced them to alter their course, and to endeavour to find another passage to the 西方の, but every 山の尾根 which they 調査するd 証明するd to 終結させる in a 深い rocky precipice, and they had no 代案／選択肢 but to return to the 厚い brushwood, which appeared to be the main 山の尾根, with the 決意 to 削減（する） a way through for the horses the next day.
On the next morning, leaving two men to take care of the horses and 準備／条項s, they proceeded to 削減（する） a path through the 厚い brushwood, on what they considered as the main 山の尾根 of the mountains, between the Western River, and the River Grose. They now began to 示す their 跡をつける by cutting the bark of the trees on two 味方するs. Having 削減（する） their way for about five miles, they returned in the evening to the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す on which they had 野営するd the night before. The fifth day was spent in 起訴するing the same tedious 操作／手術, but, as much time was やむを得ず lost in walking twice over the 跡をつける （疑いを）晴らすd the day before, they were unable to 削減（する） away more than two miles その上の. They 設立する no food for the horses the whole way.
On Sunday, they 残り／休憩（する）d and arranged their 未来 計画（する）s. They had 推論する／理由, however, to 悔いる this 中断 of their 訴訟／進行s, as it gave the men leisure to ruminate on their danger, and it was for some time doubtful whether, on the next day, they could be 説得するd to 投機・賭ける さらに先に.
On Wednesday, the 19th, the party moved 今後, 耐えるing 主として west, and west-south-east. They now began to 上がる the second 山の尾根 of the mountains, and from this elevation they 得るd for the first time an 広範囲にわたる 見解（をとる） of the 解決／入植地s below.
At a little distance from the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す at which they began the ascent, they 設立する a pyramidical heap of 石／投石するs, the work, evidently, of some European, one 味方する of which the natives had opened, probably in the 期待 of finding some treasure deposited in it. This pile they 結論するd to be the one 築くd by Mr. Bass, to 示す the end of his 旅行. That gentleman 試みる／企てるd some time ago to pass the Mountains, and to 侵入する into the 内部の, but having got thus far, he gave up the 請け負うing as impracticable, 報告（する）／憶測ing, on his return, that it was impossible to find a passage even for a person on foot. Here, therefore, the party had the satisfaction of believing that they had 侵入するd as far as any European had been before them.
[This, however, 証明するd to be Caley's Cairn.]
May 21st.—Their 進歩 the next day was nearly four miles. They 野営するd in the middle of the day at the 長，率いる of a 井戸／弁護士席-watered 押し寄せる／沼地, about five acres in extent; 追求するing, as before, their 操作／手術s in the afternoon. In the beginning of the night the dogs ran off and barked violently. At the same time something was distinctly heard to run through the brushwood, which they supposed to be one of the horses got loose; but they had 推論する／理由 to believe afterwards that they had been in 広大な／多数の／重要な danger—that the natives had followed their 跡をつけるs, and 前進するd on them in the night, ーするつもりであるing to have speared them by the light of their 解雇する／砲火／射撃, but that the dogs drove them off.
On the 最高の，を越す of this 山の尾根 they 設立する about two acres of land （疑いを）晴らす of trees, covered with loose 石／投石するs and short coarse grass, such as grows on some of the ありふれたs of England. Over this ヒース／荒れ地 they proceeded about a mile and a half, and 野営するd by the 味方する of a 罰金 stream of water, with just 支持を得ようと努めるd enough on the banks to serve for firewood. From the 首脳会議 they had a 罰金 見解（をとる） of all the 解決／入植地s and country eastwards, and of a 広大な／多数の／重要な extent of country to the 西方の and south-west. But their 進歩 in both the latter directions was stopped by an impassable 障壁 of 激しく揺する, which appeared to divide the 内部の from the coast as with a 石／投石する 塀で囲む, rising perpendicularly out of the 味方する of the mountain. In the afternoon they left their little （軍の）野営地，陣営 in the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of three of the men, and made an 試みる／企てる to descend the precipice by に引き続いて some of the streams of water, or by getting 負かす／撃墜する at some of the 事業／計画（する）ing points where the 激しく揺するs had fallen in; but they were baffled in every instance. In some places the perpendicular 高さ of the 激しく揺するs above the earth below could not be いっそう少なく than four hundred feet.
On the 28th they proceeded about five miles and three-４半期/4分の1s. Not 存在 able to find water, they did not 停止（させる） till five o'clock, when they took up their 駅／配置する on the 辛勝する／優位 of the precipice. To their 広大な／多数の／重要な satisfaction they discovered, that what they had supposed to be sandy, barren land below the mountain, was forest land, covered with good grass, and with 木材／素質 of an inferior 質. In the evening they contrived to get their horses 負かす／撃墜する the mountain by cutting a small ざん壕 with a 売春婦, which kept them from slipping, where they again tasted grass for the first time since they left the forest land on the other 味方する of the mountain. They were getting into 哀れな 条件. Water was 設立する about two miles below the foot of the mountain. In this day's 大勝する little 木材／素質 was 観察するd fit for building.
On the 29th, having got up the horses and laden them, they began to descend the mountain at seven o'clock, through a pass in the 激しく揺する about thirty feet wide, which they had discovered the day before, when the want of water put them on the 警報. Part of the 降下／家系 was so 法外な that the horses could but just keep their 地盤, without a 負担, so that, for some way the party were 強いるd to carry the 一括s themselves. A cart-road might, however, easily be made by cutting a slanting ざん壕 along the 味方する of the mountain, which is here covered with earth.
They reached the foot at nine o'clock a.m., and proceeded two miles, mostly through open meadow land, （疑いを）晴らす of trees, the grass from two to three feet high. They 野営するd on the bank of a 罰金 stream of water. The natives, as 観察するd by the smoke of their 解雇する／砲火／射撃s, moved before them, as yesterday. The dogs killed a kangaroo, which was very 許容できる, as the party had lived on salt meat since they caught the last. The 木材／素質 seen this day appeared rotten and unfit for building.
The 気候 here was 設立する very much colder than that of the mountain or of the 解決／入植地s on the east 味方する, where no 調印するs of 霜 had made its 外見 when the party 始める，決める out. During the night the ground was covered with a 厚い 霜, and a 脚 of the kangaroo was やめる frozen.
They now conceived that they had 十分に 遂行するd the design of their 請け負うing, having surmounted all the difficulties which had hitherto 妨げるd the 内部の of the country from 存在 調査するd, and the 植民地 from 存在 延長するd. They had partly （疑いを）晴らすd, or, at least, 示すd out a road by which the passage of the mountain might easily be 影響d. Their 準備／条項s were nearly exhausted, their 着せる／賦与するs and shoes were in very bad 条件, and the whole party were ill with bowel （民事の）告訴s. These considerations 決定するd them, therefore, to return home by the 跡をつける they （機の）カム. On Tuesday, the 1st of June, they arrived at the foot of the mountain which they had descended, where they 野営するd for the night.
The に引き続いて day they began to 上がる the mountain at seven o'clock, and reached the 首脳会議 at ten; they were 強いるd to carry the 一括s themselves part of the ascent.
They 野営するd in the evening at one of their old 駅／配置するs. On the 3rd, they reached another of their old 駅／配置するs. Here, during the night, they heard a 混乱させるd noise arising from the eastern 解決／入植地s below, which, after having been so long accustomed to the death-like stillness of the 内部の, had a very striking 影響. On the 4th, they arrived at the end of their 示すd 跡をつける, and 野営するd in the forest land where they had 削減（する） the grass for their horses. One of the horses fell this day with his 負担, やめる exhausted, and was with difficulty got on, after having his 負担 put on the other horses. The next day, the 5th, was the most unpleasant and 疲労，（軍の）雑役ing they had experienced. The 跡をつける not 存在 示すd, they had 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty in finding their way 支援する to the river, which they did not reach till four p.m. o'clock. They then once more 野営するd for the night to refresh themselves and the horses. They had no 準備／条項s now left except a little flour, but procured some from the 解決／入植地 on the other 味方する of the river. On Sunday, the 6th of June, they crossed the river after breakfast, and reached their homes all in good health. The winter had not 始める，決める in on this 味方する of the mountain, nor had there been any 霜.
Source.—Hovell's 定期刊行物, 1837, pp. 25-27, 39-42, 72-73
The country between Botany Bay and Bass 海峡 was unexplored until 1824, when Messrs. Hume and Hovell 始める，決める out to discover if it were suitable for 解決／入植地. They 遭遇（する）d difficulties の中で the Australian アルプス山脈, discovered the Hume (Murray) River and reached Port Phillip. Oct. 2nd, 1824—Jan. 16th, 1825.
Sat., Nov. 6th. They had now (it was noon) 突然に reached the S.W. extremity of the 山の尾根 or spine, which here 終結させるs in an abrupt and very 法外な 降下／家系: the 見解（をとる） from this 位置／汚点／見つけ出す consists of a valley (すぐに in their 前線, S.) 延長するing in the direction S.W., and 変化させるing from one to two miles in breadth. Along the centre of this valley runs a small stream, and 近づく by the stream is a broken 山地の country: the 見解（をとる） is の近くにd by mountains, both of a different form (頂点（に達する）d) and of an infinitely greater 高さ than any which they had yet seen. They now descended the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する 範囲, 追求するing the zig-zag course of one of the 支流s of the stream which they had 観察するd in the valley, taking its rise in these mountains, not far below the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す at which they 開始する making their 降下／家系.
At six o'clock in the evening they arrive in the valley. At seven, having still 追求するd their course along the same 支店, they come to the main stream. In 影響ing the 降下／家系 from these mountains, they had nearly lost one of the party, 同様に as a bullock; the animal had fallen when it had reached about two-thirds 負かす／撃墜する the mountain in consequence of a 石／投石する slipping under its feet, and in its 落ちる it had 軍隊d 負かす／撃墜する with it the man who was 主要な it. But their 落ちる was 迎撃するd by a large tree, and the man 同様に as the animal was thus 妨げるd from 存在 dashed to pieces. The man, however, unfortunately was much 傷つける.
Never was the 広大な／多数の／重要な 優越 of bullocks to horses (in some 尊敬（する）・点s) for 旅行s of this description more observable than in the passage of this difficult and dangerous ascent. The horses it had become 不可欠の to 荷を降ろす, and to 行為／行う each 分かれて with 広大な／多数の／重要な care; but if one of the bullocks be led the 残り／休憩（する） follow; the horse is timid and hurried in its 活動／戦闘 in places where there is danger; the bullock is 安定した and 用心深い. If the latter slip in its ascent, or if the acclivity be too 法外な for its usual 方式 of progression, the animal ひさまづくs 負かす／撃墜する, and 緊急発進するs up in this posture. If it be descending, and it become placed in a 類似の predicament, it sits 負かす／撃墜する, and turns its 長，率いる 一連の会議、交渉／完成する に向かって the ascent, as if to balance its 団体／死体. For the crossing of unsound or boggy ground, the structure of its hoof is 特に adapted, while the foot of the horse, on the contrary, is ill ふさわしい for this 目的, and for which the 恐れるs and consequent agitation of the animal （判決などを）下すs it unfit.
(Bullocks ought, when used for these 旅行s, to be shod; their feet, さもなければ, are very liable to become 無能にするd.)
Tuesday, Nov. 16th. Soon after sunrise they recommence their 旅行, having proceeded three and a half miles S. (the land 徐々に sloping as they 前進するd), arrive suddenly on the banks of a 罰金 river. This was 指名するd "The Hume."
This beautiful stream is 設立する to be not いっそう少なく than 80 yards in breadth, 明らかに of かなりの depth; the 現在の at three miles an hour; the water, for so かなりの a stream, （疑いを）晴らす.
The river itself is serpentine, the banks 着せる／賦与するd with verdure to the water's 辛勝する／優位, their general 高さ さまざまな, but seldom either more or いっそう少なく than eight or nine feet, inclined or precipitous, as they happen by the bending of the stream to be more or いっそう少なく exposed to the 活動／戦闘 of the 現在の. On each 味方する of the river is a perpetual succession of lagoons 延長するing 一般に in length from one to two miles, and about a ４半期/4分の1 of a mile in breadth. These, which are 据える alternately on each 味方する of the river, within those 肘s and 発射／推定s which are formed by its windings, often for miles together, 妨げる any approach to its banks. Each of these lagoons was furnished with an inlet from the river and an 出口 into it.
In general, the spaces between the lagoons and the river are thickly wooded (the trees consisting principally of the blue gum of a large growth), and are overgrown with vines of さまざまな descriptions, and the fern, the peppermint, flax 工場／植物, and currajong. The fern, currajong, and the flax 繁栄する here in 豊富, and the peppermint 工場／植物 (which they had not seen in any other part of the country) seems to より勝る, both in odour and taste the 種類 that is 一般に produced in our gardens.
From the flax-工場／植物 the natives, as they afterwards discover, make their fishing-lines and 逮捕するs for carrying their travelling gear and 準備／条項s.
Unable to 工夫する any means of crossing the river, and in hope of discovering some practicable ford, they now 開始する their 進歩 負かす／撃墜する the stream, proceed three miles and a half, and then 停止（させる）. At half-past two they 再開する their 大勝する, but are soon compelled from the continual succession of lagoon and 押し寄せる／沼地 to return to some higher land, about two miles from the river.
[Crossing the river with difficulty, they travelled southwards for four weeks.]
Thursday, Dec. 16th.—This morning they cross the river or creek without difficulty, the water not taking the cattle more than chest high. They now proceed S.W. by S. through the plains about six miles, when they are struck with an 外見 尊敬（する）・点ing which they cannot decide whether it is that of 燃やすing grass or of distant water.
They now therefore, having altered their course to the south, at four o'clock, have the gratification satisfactorily to 決定する, that the 外見 which had just created so much 疑問 is that of the latter 反対する, and which leaving the river a short distance, and directing their march from S.W. to SS.W. they soon ascertain to be part of the sea—the so long and ardently 願望（する）d bourn of their 労働s. They now again alter their course to south-west and travel six miles in that direction along the shore, over excellent land, but （疑いを）晴らす of 木材／素質. On the 負かす／撃墜するs, or plains to-day they had seen several flocks of emus and wild turkeys. The water 近づく the shore was covered with waterfowl of さまざまな descriptions, some of which were new to them, and by the time they had 停止（させる）d for the night, they had procured an ample 供給（する） of 黒人／ボイコット swans and ducks. They stopped for the night at seven o'clock in a small 支持を得ようと努めるd, at a mile from the beach, but where there was no fresh water, having travelled to-day, they supposed, 上向きs of twenty miles.
Friday, Dec. 17th. They proceed this morning from the beach in a direction about N.N.W. three or four miles in 追求（する），探索（する） of water, when they arrive on the banks of a creek, where they have the good fortune to find 豊富 of good water and of grass. Here they remain the day, ーするために refresh the cattle, who are not a little in want of this timely 救済, more 特に as it is 提案するd to 開始する their return to-morrow. This 決意 of so soon retracing their steps, though it cost them much 悔いる, had become 不可欠の, not only from the extreme scantiness of their remaining 供給（する）s, and the certainty of the many difficulties they would have to 遭遇（する）, but still more so from consideration that the mere circumstance of a 落ちる of rain by swelling the streams, might, in the weak and ill-供給するd 明言する／公表する to which the whole party were 減ずるd, （判決などを）下す their return altogether impracticable. (Four weeks' flour at 減ずるd allowance and a small 量 of tea and sugar, but no animal food; 独立して of which, the ropes and other 構成要素 雇うd for crossing streams were now almost utterly unfit for use.)
Source.—探検隊／遠征隊s in Australia (Sturt, 1833), Vol. I pp. 1-2, 29, 45, 73, 85-87.
The reedy 沼s in which the Lachlan and the Macquarie appeared to end 封鎖するd Western 探検 until the 長引いた 干ばつ of the twenties 納得させるd Sturt and Hume that they would be passable. Accordingly an 探検隊／遠征隊 was formed which was to solve the long 審議d problem of the character of the 内部の.
The year 1826 was remarkable for the 開始／学位授与式 of one of those fearful 干ばつs to which we have 推論する／理由 to believe the 気候 of New South むちの跡s is periodically 支配する. It continued the two に引き続いて years with unabated severity. The surface of the earth became so parched up that minor vegetation 中止するd upon it. Culinary herbs were raised with difficulty, and 刈るs failed even in the most favourable 状況／情勢s. 植民／開拓者s drove their flocks and herds to distant tracts for pasture and water, neither remaining for them in the 位置を示すd 地区s. The 内部の 苦しむd 平等に with the coast, and men at length began to despond under so alarming a visitation. It almost appeared as if the Australian sky were never again to be 横断するd by a cloud.
But, however 厳しい for the 植民地 the seasons had 証明するd, or were likely to 証明する, it was borne in mind at this 批判的な moment that the wet and swampy 明言する／公表する of the 内部の had alone 妨げるd Mr. Oxley from 侵入するing その上の into it in 1818.
The 即座の fitting out of an 探検隊／遠征隊 was therefore decided upon, for the 表明する 目的 of ascertaining the nature and extent of that 水盤／入り江 into which the Macquarie was supposed to 落ちる, and whether 関係 存在するd between it and the streams 落ちるing westerly. As I had 早期に taken a 広大な／多数の／重要な 利益／興味 in the 地理学 of New South むちの跡s, the 知事 was pleased to 任命する me to the 命令（する） of this 探検隊／遠征隊.
Dec. 3. The first part of our 旅行 was over rich flats, 木材／素質d 十分に to afford a shade, on which the grass was luxuriant; but we were 強いるd to 捜し出す open ground, in consequence of the たびたび（訪れる） つまずくing of the cattle.
We 問題／発行するd, at length, upon a plain, the 見解（をとる） across which was as dreary as can be imagined; in many places without a tree, save a few old stumps left by the natives when they 解雇する／砲火／射撃d the 木材／素質, some of which were still smoking in different parts of it. 観察するing some lofty trees at the extremity of the plain, we moved に向かって them, under an impression that they 示すd the river line. But on this exposed 位置／汚点／見つけ出す the sun's rays fell with 激しい 力／強力にする upon us, and the dust was so minute and 侵入するing, that I soon regretted having left the shady banks of the river.
Dec. 31. I had no 誘導 to proceed その上の into the 内部の. I had been 十分に disappointed in the termination of this excursion, and the 跡をつける before me was still いっそう少なく 招待するing. Nothing but a dense forest, and a level country, 存在するd between me and a distant hill. I had learnt, by experience, that it was impossible to form any opinion of the probable features of so singular a 地域 as that in which I was wandering, from previous 外見s, or to 推定する／予想する the same result, as in other countries, from 類似の 原因（となる）s. In a geographical point of 見解（をとる）, my 旅行 had been more successful, and had enabled me to put to 残り／休憩（する） for ever a question of much previous 疑問. I had 伸び（る）d a knowledge of more than 100 miles of the western 内部の, and had ascertained that no sea, indeed, that little water 存在するd on its surface; and that, although it is flat 一般に, it still has elevations of かなりの magnitude upon it.
Although I had passed over much barren ground, I had likewise noticed 国／地域 that was far from poor, and the vegetation upon which in ordinary seasons would, I am 納得させるd, have borne a very different 面.
Yet, upon the whole, the space I 横断するd is ありそうもない to become the haunts of civilized man, or will only become so in 孤立するd 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs, as a chain of 関係 to a more fertile country; if such a country 存在する to the 西方の.
[A 報告（する）／憶測 of better country to the North induced Sturt to turn in that direction.]
Jan. 14. Nothing could 越える in dreariness the 外見 of the 跡をつけるs through which we 旅行d on this and the two に引き続いて days. The creek on which we depended for a 供給（する） of water, gave such alarming 指示，表示する物s of a total 失敗 that I at one time had serious thoughts of abandoning my 追跡 of it. We passed hollow after hollow that had successively 乾燥した，日照りのd up, although 初めは of かなりの depth; and, when we at length 設立する water, it was doubtful how far we could make use of it. いつかs in boiling, it left a sediment nearly equal to half its 団体／死体; at other times it was so bitter as to be やめる unpalatable. That on which we subsisted was 捨てるd up from small puddles, heated by the sun's rays; and so uncertain were we of finding water at the end of the day's 旅行, that we were 強いるd to carry a 供給（する） on one of the bullocks. There was scarcely a living creature, even of the feathered race, to be seen to break the stillness of the forest. The native dogs alone wandered about, though they had scarcely strength to 避ける us; and their melancholy howl, breaking in upon the ear at the dead of night, only served to impress more fully on the mind the 絶対の loneliness of the 砂漠.
Jan. 31. We （機の）カム upon a creek, but could not decide whether it was the one for which we had been searching, or another. It had flooded-gum growing upon its banks, and, on places 明らかに 支配する to flood, a number of tall straight saplings were 観察するd by us. We returned to the （軍の）野営地，陣営, after a vain search for water, and were really at a loss what direction next to 追求する. The men kept the cattle pretty 井戸／弁護士席 together, and, as we were not 延期するd by any 準備s for breakfast, they were saddled and 負担d at an 早期に hour. The circumstance of there having been natives in the neighbourhood, of whom we had seen so few traces of late, 保証するd me that water was at 手渡す, but in what direction it was impossible to guess. As the path we had 観察するd was 主要な northerly, we took up that course, and had not proceeded more than a mile upon it, when we suddenly 設立する ourselves on the bank of a noble river. Such it might in truth be called, where water was scarcely to be 設立する. The party drew up upon a bank that was from forty to forty-five feet above the level of the stream. The channel of the river was from seventy to eighty yards 幅の広い, and enclosed an 無傷の sheet of water, evidently very 深い, and literally covered with pelicans and other wild fowl. Our surprise and delight maybe better imagined than 述べるd. Our difficulties seemed to be at an end, for here was a river that 約束d to reward all our exertions, and which appeared every moment to 増加する in importance, to our imagination. Coming from the N.E., and flowing to the S.W., it had a capacity of channel that 証明するd that we were as far from its source as from its termination. The paths of the natives on either 味方する of it were like 井戸／弁護士席-trodden roads; and the trees that overhung it were of beautiful and gigantic growth.
Its banks were too precipitous to 許す of our watering the cattle, but the men 熱望して descended to quench their かわき, which a powerful sun had 与える／捧げるd to 増加する, nor shall I ever forget the looks of terror and 失望 with which they called out to 知らせる me that the water was so salt as to be unfit to drink! This was, indeed, too true; on tasting it, I 設立する it 極端に nauseous, and 堅固に impregnated with salt, 存在 明らかに a mixture of sea and fresh water. Whence this arose, whether from 地元の 原因（となる）s, or from a communication with some inland sea, I know not, but the 発見 was certainly a blow for which I was not 用意が出来ている. Our hopes were 絶滅するd at the moment of their 明らかな 現実化. The cup of joy was dashed out of our 手渡すs before we had time to raise it to our lips. Notwithstanding this 失望, we proceeded 負かす／撃墜する the river, and 停止（させる）d at about five miles, 存在 影響（力）d by the goodness of the 料金d to 供給する for the cattle 同様に as circumstances would 許す. They would not drink of the river water, but stood covered in it for many hours, having their noses alone exposed above the stream. Their 条件 gave me 広大な／多数の／重要な uneasiness. It was evident they could not long 持つ／拘留する out under the 過度の かわき, and unless we should procure some fresh water, it would be impossible for us to continue our 旅行.
Mr. Hume, with his usual perseverance, walked out when the （軍の）野営地，陣営 was formed; and at a little distance from it, 上がるd a 山の尾根 of pure sand, 栄冠を与えるd with cypresses. From this he descended to the 西方の, and, at length, struck upon the river, where a 暗礁 of 激しく揺するs crossed its channel and formed a 乾燥した，日照りの passage from one 味方する to the other; but the bend which the river must have taken appeared to him so singular, that he 疑問d whether it was the same beside which we had been travelling during the day. Curiosity led him to cross it, when he 設立する a small pond of fresh water on a tongue of land, and すぐに afterwards, returned to 熟知させる me with the welcome tidings. It was too late to move, but we had the prospect of a comfortable breakfast in the morning.
On the 6th February we 旅行d again through a barren scrub, although on firmer ground, and passed 非常に／多数の groups of huts. At about eight miles from our last 野営, we （機の）カム upon the river where its banks were of かなりの 高さ. In riding along them Mr. Hume thought he 観察するd a 現在の running, and he called to 知らせる me of the circumstance. On a closer examination we discovered some springs in the very bed of the river, from which a かなりの stream was 噴出するing, and from the incrustation around them, we had no difficulty in guessing at their nature; in fact, they were brine springs, and I collected a 量 of salt from the brink of them.
After such a 発見 we could not hope to keep our position. No 疑問 the 現在の we had 観察するd on first reaching the river was 原因（となる）d by springs that had either escaped our notice, or were under water. Here was at length a 地元の 原因（となる） for its saltness that destroyed at once the 予期 and hope of our 存在 近づく its termination, and, その結果, the ardour with which we should have 圧力（をかける）d on to decide so 利益／興味ing a point.
We calculated that we were forty miles from the （軍の）野営地，陣営, in a S.W. direction, a fearful distance under our circumstances, since we could not hope to 得る 救済 for two days. 独立して, however, of the 明言する／公表する of the animals, our spirits were damped by the nature of the country, and the change which had taken place in the 国／地域, upon which it was impossible that water could 残り／休憩（する）; while the general 外見 of the 内部の showed how much it 苦しむd from 干ばつ. On the other 手渡す, although the waters of the river had become worse to the taste, the river itself had 増加するd in size and stretched away to the 西方の, with all the uniformity of a magnificent canal, and gave every 約束 of 増加するing importance; while the pelicans were in such numbers upon it as to be やめる dazzling to the 注目する，もくろむ. Considering, however, that perseverance would only 伴う／関わる us in extricable difficulties, and that it would also be useless to 危険 the horses, since we had 伸び（る）d a distance to which the bullocks could not have been brought I intimated my 意向 of giving up the その上の 追跡 of the river, though it was with extreme 不本意 that I did so.
As soon as we had bathed and finished our scanty meal, I took the bearings of D'都市の's Group, and 設立する them to be S.58 E. about thirty-three miles distant; and as we 機動力のある our horses, I 指名するd the river the "Darling," as a 継続している 記念の of the 尊敬（する）・点 I 耐える the 知事.
I should be doing 不正 to Mr. Hume and my men if I did not 表明する my 有罪の判決 that they were 極端に unwilling to 産する／生じる to circumstances, and that, had I 決定するd on continuing the 旅行, they would have followed me with cheerfulness, whatever the consequences might have been.
Source.—探検隊／遠征隊s in Australia (Sturt, 1833), Vol. II, pp. 6, 8-69, 85-86, 111, 151-187, 204-217, 219.
On his first 探検隊／遠征隊 Sturt had 証明するd that the 内部の was 乾燥した，日照りの. He then 試みる／企てるd to find the 目的地 of the Morumbidgee and the Darling. Travelling 負かす／撃墜する the Morumbidgee he discovered the Murray and followed it to its termination, 1829.
Dec. 27th. M'Leay and I started at an 早期に hour on an excursion of deeper 利益／興味 than any we had as yet undertaken; to 診察する the reeds, not only for the 目的 of ascertaining their extent, if possible, but also to guide us in our 未来 対策. We 棒 some miles along the river 味方する, but 観察するd in it no 調印するs either of 増加する or of exhaustion. Everything tended to 強化する my 有罪の判決 that we were still far from the termination of the river. I was aware that my 解決するs must be instant, 決定的な, and すぐに 行為／法令／行動するd upon, as on firmness and promptitude at this 危機 the success of the 探検隊／遠征隊 depended. About noon I checked my horse, and rather to the surprise of my companion, intimated to him my 意向 of returning to the （軍の）野営地，陣営. He 自然に asked what I 目的d doing. I told him that it appeared to me more than probable that the Morumbidgee would 持つ／拘留する its course good to some 直す／買収する，八百長をするd point, now that it had reached a meridian beyond the known rivers of the 内部の. It was 確かな , from the denseness of the reeds, and the breadth of the belts, that the teams could not be brought any その上の, and that, taking everything into consideration, I had 解決するd on a bold and desperate 手段, that of building the whaleboat, and sending home the drays.
Our 外見 in （軍の）野営地，陣営 so suddenly surprised the men not more than the orders I gave. They all thought I had struck on some remarkable change of country, and were anxious to know my ultimate 見解（をとる）s. It was not my 意向, however, すぐに to 満足させる their curiosity. I had to 熟考する／考慮する their characters as long as I could ーするために select those best qualified to …を伴って me on the desperate adventure for which I was 準備するing.
[Sturt accordingly built the whaleboat and 乗る，着手するd on the river.]
Jan. 14th. The men looked anxiously out ahead, for the singular change in the river had impressed on them an idea that we were approaching its termination, or 近づく some adventure. On a sudden, the river took a general southern direction, but, in its tortuous course, swept 一連の会議、交渉／完成する to every point of the compass with the greatest 不正行為. We were carried at a fearful 率 負かす／撃墜する its 暗い／優うつな and 契約d banks, and, in such a moment of excitement, had little time to 支払う／賃金 attention to the country through which we were passing. It was, however, 観察するd that chalybeate springs were 非常に／多数の の近くに to the water's 辛勝する／優位. At 3 p.m. Hopkinson called out that we were approaching a junction, and in いっそう少なく than a minute afterwards we were hurried into a 幅の広い and noble river.
It is impossible for me to 述べる the 影響 of so instantaneous a change upon us. The boats were 許すd to drift along at 楽しみ, and such was the 軍隊 with which we had been 発射 out of the Morumbidgee that we were carried nearly to the bank opposite its embouchure, whilst we continued to gaze in silent astonishment at the capacious channel we had entered; and when we looked for that by which we had been led into it, we could hardly believe that the insignificant gap that 現在のd itself to us was, indeed, the termination of the beautiful and noble stream whose course we had thus 首尾よく followed. I can only compare the 救済 we experienced to that which the 船員 feels on 天候ing the 激しく揺する upon which he 推定する／予想するd his 大型船 to have struck, to the 静める which 後継するs moments of feverish 苦悩, when the dread of danger is 後継するd by certainty of escape.
Jan. 23rd. Not having as yet given a 指名する to our first 発見, I laid it 負かす／撃墜する as the Murray River in compliment to the distinguished officer Sir George Murray, who then 統括するd over the 植民地の Department, not only in 同意／服従 with the known wishes of His Excellency, General Darling, but also in 一致 with my own feelings as a 兵士.
[They continued their course 負かす／撃墜する the Murray till Feb. 9.]
After pulling a mile or two we 設立する a （疑いを）晴らす horizon before us to the south. The hills still continued upon our left, but we could not see any elevation over the expanse of reeds to our 権利. The river inclined to the left, and swept the base of the hills that still continued on that 味方する. I その結果 landed once more to 調査する the country.
I still 保持するd a strong impression on my mind that some change was at 手渡す, and on this occasion I was not disappointed, but the 見解（をとる） was one for which I was not altogether 用意が出来ている. We had at length arrived at the termination of the Murray. すぐに below me was a beautiful lake, which appeared to be a fitting 貯蔵所 for the noble stream that led us to it; and which was now ruffled by the 微風 that swept over it. The 範囲s were more distinctly 明白な, stretching from south to north, and were certainly distant forty miles. They had a 正規の／正選手 無傷の 輪郭（を描く）; 拒絶する／低下するing 徐々に to the south, but 終結させるing 突然の at a lofty mountain northerly. I had no 疑問 on my mind of this 存在 the 開始する Lofty of Captain Flinders; or that the 範囲 was that すぐに to the eastward of St. Vincent's 湾. Between us and the 範囲s a beautiful promontory 発射 into the lake, 存在 a 延長／続編 of the 権利 bank of the Murray. Over this promontory the waters stretched to the base of the 範囲s, and formed an 広範囲にわたる bay. To the S.W. a bold headland showed itself; beyond which, to the 西方の, there was a （疑いを）晴らす and open sea 明白な, through a 海峡 formed by this headland and a point 事業／計画（する）ing from the opposite shore. Even while gazing on this 罰金 scene, I could not but 悔いる that the Murray had thus 終結させるd; for I すぐに foresaw that, in all probability, we should be disappointed in finding any practicable communication between the lake and the ocean, as it was evident that the former was not much 影響（力）d by tides. We pitched our テントs on a low 跡をつける of land that stretched away seemingly for many miles 直接／まっすぐに behind us to the eastward. It was of the richest 国／地域, 存在 of a 黒人／ボイコット vegetable deposit, and although high above the 影響（力） the lake had, it was evident, once formed a part of its bed. Thirty-three days had now passed over our 長，率いるs since we left the 倉庫・駅 upon the Morumbidgee, twenty-six of which had been passed upon the Murray. We had, at length, arrived at the grand 貯蔵所 of those waters whose course and 運命／宿命 had 以前 been 伴う／関わるd in such obscurity.
I took Fraser with me, and, …を伴ってd by M'Leay, crossed the sand-hummocks behind us, and descended to the sea-shore. I 設立する that we had struck the south coast 深い in the bight of 遭遇（する） Bay. We had no time for examination, but returned すぐに to the （軍の）野営地，陣営, as I ーするつもりであるd to give the men an 適切な時期 to go to the beach. They accordingly went and bathed, and returned not only 高度に delighted at this little 行為／法令／行動する of good nature on my part, but 負担d with cockles, a bed of which they had managed to find の中で the sand. Clayton had tied one end of his shirt up, and brought a 捕らえる、獲得する 十分な, and amused himself with boiling cockles all night long.
I would fain have ぐずぐず残るd on my way to 診察する, as far as circumstances would 許す, the beautiful country between the lake and the 範囲s; and it was with 深く心に感じた 悲しみ that I 産する／生じるd to necessity. My men were, indeed, very weak from poverty of diet and from 広大な／多数の／重要な bodily 疲労，（軍の）雑役. Hopkinson, Mulholland, and Macnamee were miserably 減ずるd.
It will be borne in mind that our difficulties were just about to 開始する, when those of most other travellers have 中止するd; and that instead of 存在 補助装置d by the stream whose course we had followed, we had now to 競う against the 部隊d waters of the eastern 範囲s, with 減らすd strength, and in some 手段 with disappointed feelings.
Under the most favourable circumstances, it was improbable that the men would be enabled to pull for many days longer in succession since they had not 残り／休憩（する）d upon their oars for a 選び出す／独身 day, if I except our passage across the lake, from the moment when we started from the 倉庫・駅; nor was it possible for me to ブイ，浮標 them up with the hope even of a momentary 停止 of 労働. We had calculated the time to which our 供給（する） of 準備／条項s would last under the most favourable circumstances, and it was only in the event of our pulling up against the 現在の, day after day, the same distance we had compassed with the 現在の in our favour, that we could hope they would last as long as we continued in the Murray. But in the event of floods or any unforeseen 延期する, it was impossible to calculate at what moment we might be driven to extremity.
On the other 手渡す, it was 十分に evident to me that the men were too much exhausted to 成し遂げる the 仕事 that was before them without 援助, and that it would be necessary both for M'Leay and myself to take our 株 of 労働 at the oars. The cheerfulness and satisfaction that my young friend evinced at the 適切な時期 that was thus afforded him of making himself useful, and of relieving those under him from some 部分 of their toil, at the same time that they 増加するd my sincere esteem for him, were nothing more than what I 推定する／予想するd from one who had endeavoured by every means in his 力／強力にする to 与える／捧げる to the success of that 企業 upon which he had 乗る，着手するd. But although I have said thus much of the exhausted 条件 of the men, I would by no means be understood to say that they flagged for a moment, or that a 選び出す／独身 murmur escaped them. No 不本意 was 明白な, no （民事の）告訴 was heard, but there was that in their 面 and 外見 which they could not hide, and which I could not mistake. We re-entered the river on the 13th under as fair prospects as we could have 願望（する）d. The 強風 which had blown with such 暴力／激しさ in the morning 徐々に abated, and a 安定した 微風 enabled us to pass our first 野営, by availing ourselves of it as long as daylight continued.
Feb. 18th. The 微風s that had so much 補助装置d us from the lake 上向きs, had now lost their 影響（力）, or failed to reach to the distance we had 伸び（る）d. 静めるs 後継するd them, and 強いるd us to 労働 continually at the oars. We lost ground 急速な／放蕩な, and it was astonishing to 発言／述べる how soon the men's spirits drooped again under their first 成果／努力s. They fancied the boat pulled ひどく and that her 底（に届く） was foul, but such was not the 事例／患者. The 現在の was not so strong as when we passed 負かす／撃墜する, since the river had evidently fallen more than a foot, and was so shallow in several places that we were 強いるd to 運ぶ／漁獲高 the boat over them. On these occasions we were やむを得ず 強いるd to get out of her into the water, and had afterwards to sit still and to 許す the sun to 乾燥した，日照りの our 着せる／賦与するs upon us. The 失業した その結果 envied those at the oars, as they sat shivering in their dripping 着せる／賦与するs.
I have omitted to について言及する one remarkable trait of the good disposition of all the men while on the coast. Our sugar had held out to that point; but it appeared when we 診察するd the 蓄える／店s that six 続けざまに猛撃するs alone remained in the 樽. This the men 前向きに／確かに 辞退するd to touch. They said that, divided, it would 利益 nobody; that they hoped M'Leay and I would use it, that it would last us for some time, and that they were better able to 服従させる／提出する to privations than we were. The feeling did them infinite credit, and the circumstance is not forgotten by me. The little 供給（する） the 親切 of our men left to us was, however, soon exhausted, and poor M'Leay preferred pure water to the bitter draught that remained. I have been いつかs unable to 差し控える from smiling as I watched the distorted countenances of my humble companions while drinking their tea and eating their damper.
March 17th. We had been 製図／抽選 nearer the Morumbidgee every day; and the に引き続いて afternoon, to our 広大な／多数の／重要な joy, we turned our boat into the 暗い／優うつな and 狭くする channel of the 支流. Our feelings were almost as strong when we re-entered it as they had been when we were 開始する，打ち上げるd from it into that river, on whose waters we had continued for 上向きs of fifty-five days; during which period, 含むing the sweeps and bends it made, we could not have travelled いっそう少なく than 1,500 miles.
Our daily 旅行s were short, and the 長，率いる we made against the stream but trifling. The men lost the proper and muscular jerk with which they once made the waters 泡，激怒すること and the oars bend. Their whole 団体／死体s swung with an ぎこちない and 労働d 動議. Their 武器 appeared to be nerveless; their 直面するs became haggard, their persons emaciated, their spirits wholly sunk; nature was so 完全に 打ち勝つ, that from mere exhaustion they frequently fell asleep during their painful and almost ceaseless exertions. It grieved me to the heart to see them in such a 明言する／公表する at the の近くに of so perilous a service, and I began to reproach Robert Harris that he did not move 負かす／撃墜する the river to 会合，会う us; but, in fact, he was not to 非難する. I became captious, and 設立する fault where there was no occasion, and lost the equilibrium of my temper in 熟視する／熟考するing the 条件 of my companions. No murmur, however, escaped them, nor did a （民事の）告訴 reach me that was ーするつもりであるd to 示す that they had done all they could do. I frequently heard them in their テント, when they thought I had dropped asleep, complaining of 厳しい 苦痛s, and of 広大な／多数の／重要な exhaustion. "I must tell the Captain, to-morrow," some of them would say, "that I can pull no longer." To-morrow （機の）カム, and they pulled on, as if 気が進まない to 産する／生じる to circumstances. Macnamee at length lost his senses. We first 観察するd this from his incoherent conversation, but 結局 from his manner. He 関係のある the most 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の tales and fidgetted about eternally while in the boat. I felt it necessary, therefore, to relieve him from the oars.
April 12th. I 決定するd on sending Hopkinson and Mulholland, whose devotion, 知能 and indefatigable spirits I 井戸／弁護士席 knew, 今後 to the plain.
The joy this intimation spread was 全世界の／万国共通の. Both Hopkinson and Mulholland readily undertook the 旅行, and I, accordingly, 用意が出来ている orders for them to start by the earliest 夜明け.
Six days had passed since their 出発; we remaining 野営するd. I had calculated on seeing Hopkinson again in eight days, but as the morrow would see us without food, I thought, as the men had had a little 残り／休憩（する）, it would be better to 前進する に向かって 救済 than to を待つ its arrival.
On the evening of the 18th, therefore, we buried our 見本／標本s and other 蓄える／店s, ーするつもりであるing to break up the （軍の）野営地，陣営 in the morning. A singular bird, which invariably passed it at an hour after sunset, and which, from the 激しい flight, appeared to be of unusual size, had so attracted my notice, that in the evening M'Leay and I crossed the river in hope to get a 発射 at it. We had, however, hardly landed on the other 味方する, when a loud shout called us 支援する to 証言，証人／目撃する the return of our comrades.
They were both of them in a 明言する／公表する that beggars description. Their 膝s and ankles were dreadfully swollen and their 四肢s so painful that as soon as they arrived in the （軍の）野営地，陣営 they sunk under their 成果／努力s, but they met us with a smiling countenance and 表明するd their satisfaction at having come so seasonably to our 救済. They had, as I had foreseen, 設立する Robert Harris on the plain, which they reached on the evening of the third day. They had started 早期に the next morning on their return with such 供給（する）s as they thought we might すぐに want. Poor Macnamee had in a 広大な／多数の／重要な 手段 回復するd, but for some days he was sullen and silent; the sight of the drays gave him uncommon satisfaction. Clayton gorged himself; but M'Leay, myself, and Fraser could not at first relish the meat that was placed before us.
Source.—Life of Charles Sturt (Mrs. N.G. Sturt), pp. 230-232, 264-267, 279-280
観察s of the 移住s of birds 納得させるd Sturt that there was good land in the 内部の of New South むちの跡s, and in 1844 he 始める，決める out to find it. His 探検隊／遠征隊 failed because the season was exceptionally 乾燥した，日照りの, and he was 強いるd to turn 支援する before he had 遂行するd his 反対する.
"If a line be drawn from Lat. 29° 30&激烈な／緊急の; and Long. 140° N.W., and another from 開始する Arden 予定 north, they will 会合，会う a little to the northward of the tropic, and there I will be bound to say a 罰金 country will be discovered." On what date Sturt 誓約（する）s himself to the 発見 of this 罰金 country is not 明言する／公表するd, but when later regretting his 失敗 to reach the tropic and to 始める，決める at 残り／休憩（する） his hypothesis of the better country to be 設立する there, he 簡潔に tells his 推論する／理由 for the supposition.
"Birds 観察するd east of the Darling in the summer of 1828 in about lat. 29° 30&激烈な／緊急の; S. and long. 144° had invariably migrated to the W.N.W. Cockatoos and parrots, known while in the 植民地 to たびたび（訪れる） the richest and best-watered valleys of the higher lands, would pass in countless flights to that point of the compass. In South Australia, in lat. 35° and long. 138°, I had also 観察するd that several birds of the same 肉親，親類d 毎年 visited that 州 from the north. I had seen the Psittacus Novae Hollandiae and the 爆撃する paroquet に引き続いて the shoreline of St. Vincent's 湾 like flights of starlings in England. The different flights at intervals of more than a ４半期/4分の1 of an hour, all （機の）カム from the north, and followed in one and the same direction.
"Now although the casual 外見 of a few strange birds should not 影響（力） the 裁判／判断, yet from the 正規の／正選手 移住s of the feathered race, a reasonable inference may be drawn. Seeing then that these two lines (viz., from Fort Bourke about lat. 30° and long. 144° to the W.N.W., and from 開始する Arden in lat. 35° long. 138° to the north) if 長引かせるd would 会合，会う a little to the northward of the tropic, I formed the に引き続いて 結論s:
"First, that the birds migrating on those lines would 残り／休憩（する） for a time at a point where those lines met.
"Secondly, that the country to which they went would 似ている that which they had left, that birds which たびたび（訪れる）d rich valleys or high hills would not settle 負かす／撃墜する in 砂漠s and flat country.
"Thirdly, that the 介入するing country, whether 借りがあるing to 砂漠s or large sheets of water, was not such as these birds could 住む. Indeed, such large 移住s from different parts to one particular, argued no いっそう少なく 堅固に the 存在 of 砂漠s or of sea to a 確かな distance, than the probable richness of the country, to which as to a ありふれた goal these 移住s tended.
"On the late 探検隊／遠征隊, at the 倉庫・駅 in lat. 29-1/2° and long. 142°, I 設立する myself in the direct line of 移住 to the north-west; and to that point of the compass, birds whom I knew to visit 先頭 Diemen's Land would, after watering, pass on. Cockatoos, after a few hours' 残り／休憩（する）, would wing their way to the north-west, as also would さまざまな water-birds, 同様に as pigeons, parrots, and paroquets, 追求するd by birds of the Accipitrine class. From these 指示，表示する物s I was led to look still more for the 現実化 of my hopes, if I could but 軍隊 my way to the necessary distance.
"I ran 170 miles without crossing a 選び出す／独身 water-course. I travelled over salsolaceous plains, crossed sand-山の尾根s, was turned from my 西方の course by salt-water lakes; and at last, on October 19th, at about 80 miles to the east of my former 跡をつける, I 設立する myself on the brink of the Stony 砂漠. Coming suddenly on it I almost lost my breath. If anything, it looked more forbidding than before. Herbless and treeless, it filled more than half of the horizon. Not an 反対する was 明白な on which to steer, yet we held on our course by compass like a ship at sea.
"Poor Browne was in excruciating 苦痛 from scurvy. Every day I 推定する／予想するd to find him unable to 動かす. My men were ill from （危険などに）さらす, scanty food, and muddy water; my horses 脚-疲れた／うんざりした and 減ずるd to 骸骨／概要s. I alone stood 無傷の, but I could not 耐える to leave my companion in that heartless 砂漠.
"Finding myself baffled to the north and to the west, seeing no hope of rain, realizing that my 退却／保養地 was too probably already 削減（する） off, I reluctantly turned 支援する to the 倉庫・駅, 443 miles distant, and only through the help of Providence did we at length reach it."
Sturt, as he 機動力のある to begin his 退却／保養地, was nearly induced to turn again by "a flock of paroquets that flew shrieking from the north に向かって Eyre's Creek. They 証明するd that to the last we had followed with unerring precision the line of 移住."
SCOPE AND RESULTS OF CENTRAL EXPEDITION AS SUMMED UP BY STURT
My 指示／教授／教育s directed me to 伸び（る） the meridian of 開始する Arden or that of 138°, with a 見解（をとる） to 決定する whether there were any chain of mountains connected with the high lands seen by Mr. Eyre to the 西方の of Lake Torrens, and running into the 内部の from south-west to north-east. I was ordered to 押し進める to the 西方の and to make the south the constant base of my 操作／手術s. I was 禁じるd from descending to the north-coast, but it was left optional with me to 落ちる 支援する on Moreton Bay if I should be 軍隊d to the eastward. Whether I 成し遂げるd the 仕事 thus 割り当てるd to me or wavered in the 業績／成就 of it; whether I fell short of my 義務, or 産する／生じるd only to insuperable difficulties, the world will be enabled to 裁判官. That I 設立する no 罰金 country is to be regretted; however, I was not sent to find a 罰金 country, but to solve a geographical problem. I 信用 I am not presumptuous in 説 that, from a geographical point of 見解（をとる）, the results of this 探検隊／遠征隊 have been 完全にする. If I did not 伸び（る） the heart of the continent, no one will 辞退する me the credit of having taken a direct course for it. My distance from that hitherto mysterious 位置／汚点／見つけ出す was いっそう少なく than 150 miles. In ten days I should have reached the goal; and that 仕事 would have been 遂行するd had rain fallen when I was at my farthest north. Had I 設立する such a river as the Victoria, I would have clung to it to the last; but those alone will really know the nature of the country who shall follow me into it When I 決定するd on turning homewards, with mind depressed and strength 弱めるd, it appeared to me that I had done all that man could do. Now, under the 影響（力） of 回復するd health, I feel that I did far too little. I can only say that I would not hesitate again to 急落（する），激減（する） into those dreary 地域s, that I might be the first to place my foot in the centre of this 広大な 領土, and finally to raise the 隠す which still shrouds its features, even though, like those of the 隠すd prophet, they should wither the beholder.
Source.—Papers relating to the Burke and Wills 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊, 1861. Published in the Argus, pp. 2-5, 19-20
In the year 1860 an 探検隊／遠征隊 was planned to travel from Melbourne to the 湾 of Carpentaria. The leader was Robert Burke, and though with Wills, Gray, and King he reached the 湾, the return was 致命的な 借りがあるing to the desertion of the Cooper's Creek 倉庫・駅 by the other members of the 探検隊／遠征隊.
In the course of his 証拠 before the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 of 調査 Mr. King, the 単独の 生存者, said:
The day before we arrived at Cooper's Creek we were 許すd to 消費する as much 準備／条項s as we chose, in 期待s of finding 供給（する）s so soon. We had only one 続けざまに猛撃する of 乾燥した，日照りの meat when we got there. If we had 設立する no 準備／条項s there, we should all have died. It was as much as any of us could do to travel along the 味方する of the creek. We had been so weak, that for ten days before, we had scarcely been able to make much distance, or to walk about. I seemed to be worse than either Mr. Burke or Mr. Wills, but after we arrived at the 倉庫・駅 I 改善するd much more than they did. We had no difficulty in finding the 準備／条項s there. We arrived in the moonlight at half-past seven o'clock at night, after having 押し進めるd on thirty miles that day. Mr. Burke 棒 on one of the camels, and I and Mr. Wills on the other. We had our revolvers with us, and had been continually 狙撃 at the crows and 強硬派s. When we got to the 倉庫・駅 Mr. Burke was a little ahead of Mr. Wills and myself. He had often before said, "I think I can see their テントs ahead," and made several 発言／述べるs like that until we arrived there. When we got 近づく, he said, "I suppose they have 転換d to some other part of the creek." It was Mr. Wills who first saw the tree-示す, and saw the things scattered about the stockade. He saw the words, "Dig three feet to the north-east," or north-west; I am not 確かな which. When he saw the date at which they （機の）カム to the （軍の）野営地，陣営, and the date at which they left, he said at once, "They have left here to-day. If they had 転換d to any other part of the creek, they would not have 示すd this." We 始める，決める to work digging up the 工場／植物. We did not know where they had gone to, but thought they had left some 指示／教授／教育s. Mr. Burke was too much excited to do anything, and Mr. Wills and myself dug up the 工場／植物. I got the 瓶／封じ込める there and Mr. Burke said: "Whatever 指示／教授／教育s they have left are in this 瓶／封じ込める." I then opened it and 手渡すd it to him. When he had read it, he 知らせるd us that the other party, except Paton, and that the animals were in good working order, and that on account of no person coming up to them, they had made a start for （軍の）野営地，陣営 60, taking a course S.E. for Bulloo. Mr. Burke then said it was madness to 試みる／企てる to follow them, as their men were in good order, and their camel too. He said we could not 推定する／予想する to make 軍隊d marches, and catch them up. Had the latter said they were in a weak 明言する／公表する, as it appeared they were, we should have tried at any 率 to 追いつく them. We remained at the creek a few days, and Mr. Burke and Mr. Wills had a 協議 as to what was best to be done.
We left no 準備／条項s behind us, but took everything with us. When we had 消費するd all the sugar but 12 lb. we gave some balls of it to the camel. For a few days our 主要な／長／主犯 food was porridge, which we preferred to anything else. We boiled it with water and sugar. In going 負かす／撃墜する に向かって 開始する Hopeless, we 設立する we could not carry all the things we brought with us. We had to leave the camel-pads and such things. We made two 試みる／企てるs to get to 開始する Hopeless. After losing one camel we remained at the creek some short time, till we 回復するd strength to start for Cooper's Creek again. We had only the 着せる／賦与するs we stood in, and no bed-着せる／賦与するing but the camels' pads and two oilcloths. We had boots and trousers, such as they were.
BURKE'S LAST LETTER
The に引き続いて is the despatch of Mr. Burke, left at the 倉庫・駅 at Cooper's Creek:
倉庫・駅 No. 2, Cooper's Creek, （軍の）野営地，陣営 No. 65.—The return party from Carpentaria, consisting of myself, Wills and King (Gray dead) arrived here last night, and 設立する that the 倉庫・駅 party had only started on the same day. We proceed on to-morrow slowly 負かす／撃墜する the creek に向かって Adelaide by 開始する Hopeless, and shall endeavour to follow Gregory's 跡をつける; but we are very weak. The two camels are done up, and we shall not be able travel faster than four or five miles a day. Gray died on the road from exhaustion and 疲労，（軍の）雑役. We have all 苦しむd much from hunger. The 準備／条項s left here will, I think, 回復する our strength. We have discovered a practicable 大勝する to Carpentaria, the 長，指導者 部分 of which lies on the 140th 法令 of east longitude. There is some good country between this and the Stony 砂漠. From there to the tropic the country is 乾燥した，日照りの and stony. Between the tropic and Carpentaria a かなりの 部分 is rangy, but it is 井戸／弁護士席 watered and richly grassed. We reached the shores of Carpentaria on 11th February, 1861. 大いに disappointed at finding the party here gone.
(調印するd) ROBERT O'HARA BURKE, Leader.
April 22nd, 1861.
P.S.—The camels cannot travel, and we cannot walk, or we should follow the other party. We shall move very slowly 負かす／撃墜する the creek.
KING'S NARRATIVE
Mr. Burke requested Mr. Wills to go up the creek as far as the 倉庫・駅, and to place a 公式文書，認める in the 工場／植物 there, 明言する／公表するing that we were then living on the creek, the former 公式文書，認める having 明言する／公表するd that we were on our road to South Australia. He also was to bury there the field-調書をとる／予約するs of the 旅行 to the 湾.
Mr. Wills 存在 returned, it was decided to go up the creek and live with the natives, if possible, as Mr. Wills thought we should have but little difficulty in 得るing 準備／条項s from them if we （軍の）野営地，陣営d on the opposite 味方する of the creek to them. He said he knew where they had gone, so we packed up and started. Coming to the gunyahs where we 推定する／予想するd to have 設立する them, we were disappointed, and seeing a nardoo field の近くに by, 停止（させる）d, ーするつもりであるing to make it our （軍の）野営地，陣営. For some time we were 雇うd 集会 nardoo, and laying up a 供給（する）.
Mr. Wills and I used to collect and carry home a 捕らえる、獲得する each day, and Mr. Burke 一般に 続けざまに猛撃するd 十分な for our dinner during our absence, but Mr. Wills 設立する himself getting very weak, and was すぐに unable to go out to gather nardoo as before, nor even strong enough to 続けざまに猛撃する it, so that in a few days he became almost helpless. Mr. Burke now 提案するd that I should gather as much nardoo as possible in three days, and that with this 供給（する） we should go in search of the natives—a 計画（する） which had been 勧めるd upon us by Mr. Wills as the only chance of saving him and ourselves 同様に, as he 明確に saw that I was no longer able to collect 十分な for our wants. Having collected the seed, as 提案するd, and having 続けざまに猛撃するd 十分な to last Mr. Wills for eight days, and two days for ourselves, we placed water and firewood within his reach and started. Before leaving him, however, Mr. Burke asked him whether he still wished it, as under no other circumstances would he leave him; and Mr. Wills again said that he looked on it as our only chance. He then gave Mr. Burke a letter and his watch for his father, and we buried the 残りの人，物 of the field-調書をとる／予約するs 近づく the gunyah.
In travelling the first day, Mr. Burke seemed very weak and complained of 広大な／多数の／重要な 苦痛 in his 脚s and 支援する. On the second day he seemed to be better, and said that he thought he was getting stronger, but, on starting, did not go two miles before he said he could go no その上の. I 固執するd in his trying to go on, and managed to get him along several times, until I saw that he was almost knocked up, when he said he could not carry his swag, and threw all he had away. I also 減ずるd 地雷, taking nothing but a gun and some 砕く and 発射 and a small pouch and some matches. On starting again we did not go far before Mr. Burke said we should 停止（させる） for the night, but, as the place was の近くに to a large sheet of water, and exposed to the 勝利，勝つd, I 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd to go a little その上の, to the next reach of water where we （軍の）野営地，陣営d.
We searched about and 設立する a few small patches of nardoo, which I collected and 続けざまに猛撃するd, and with a crow, which I 発射, made a good evening's meal. From the time we 停止（させる）d, Mr. Burke seemed to be getting worse, although he ate his supper. He said he felt 納得させるd he could not last many hours, and gave me his watch, which, he said, belonged to the 委員会; and a pocket-調書をとる／予約する, to give to Sir William Stawell, and in which he wrote some 公式文書，認めるs. He then said to me: "I hope you will remain with me here till I am やめる dead—it is a 慰安 to know that some one is by; but when I am dying, it is my wish that you should place the ピストル in my 権利 手渡す, and that you leave me unburied as I 嘘（をつく）." That night he spoke very little, and the に引き続いて morning I 設立する him speechless, or nearly so; and about eight o'clock he 満了する／死ぬd. I remained a few hours there, but as I saw there was no use in remaining longer, I went up the creek in search of the natives. I felt very lonely, and at night usually slept in 砂漠d wurleys, belonging to the natives. Two days after leaving the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す where Mr. Burke died, I 設立する some gunyahs, where the natives had deposited a 捕らえる、獲得する of nardoo, 十分な to last me a fortnight, and three bundles 含む／封じ込めるing さまざまな articles. I also 発射 a crow that evening, but was in 広大な／多数の／重要な dread that the natives would come and 奪う me of the nardoo.
I remained there two days to 回復する my strength, and then returned to Mr. Wills. I took 支援する three crows; but 設立する him lying dead in his gunyah, and the natives had been there and had taken away some of his 着せる／賦与するs. I buried the 死体 with sand, and remained some days; but finding that my 在庫／株 of nardoo was running short, and 存在 unable to gather it, I 跡をつけるd the natives who had been to the （軍の）野営地，陣営 by their foot-prints in the sand, and went some distance 負かす／撃墜する the creek, 狙撃 crows and 強硬派s on the road. The natives 審理，公聴会 the 報告（する）／憶測 of the gun, （機の）カム to 会合，会う me, and took me with them to their （軍の）野営地，陣営, giving me nardoo and fish. They took the birds I had 発射 and cooked them for me, and afterwards showed me a gunyah, where I was to sleep with three of the 選び出す／独身 men.
They appeared to feel 広大な／多数の／重要な compassion for me when they understood that I was alone on the creek, and gave me plenty to eat. After 存在 four days with them, I saw that they were becoming tired of me, and they made 調印するs that they were going up the creek, and that I had better go downwards; but I pretended not to understand them. The same day they 転換d （軍の）野営地，陣営, and I followed them; and on reaching their （軍の）野営地，陣営, I 発射 some crows, which pleased them so much that they made me a breakwind in the centre of their （軍の）野営地，陣営, and （機の）カム and sat 一連の会議、交渉／完成する me until such time as the crows were cooked, when they 補助装置d me to eat them. The same day one of the women to whom I had given part of a crow, （機の）カム and gave me a ball of nardoo, 説 that she would give me more only she had such a sore arm that she was unable to 続けざまに猛撃する. She showed me a sore on her arm, and the thought struck me that I would boil some water in the billy and wash her arm with a sponge. During the 操作／手術 the whole tribe sat 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and were muttering one to another. Her husband sat 負かす／撃墜する by her 味方する and she was crying all the time. After I had washed it, I touched it with some nitrate of silver, when she began to yell and ran off, crying out, "Mokow! Mokow!" ("解雇する／砲火／射撃! 解雇する／砲火／射撃!"). From this time, she and her husband used to give me a small 量 of nardoo both night and morning, and whenever the tribe were about going on a fishing excursion, he used to give me notice to go with them. They also used to 補助装置 me in making a wurley, or breakwind, whenever they 転換d （軍の）野営地，陣営. I 一般に 発射 a crow or a 強硬派, and gave it to them in return for these little services.
From this time to when the 救済 party arrived—a period of about a month—they 扱う／治療するd me with uniform 親切, and looked upon me as one of themselves. The day on which I was 解放（する）d, one of the tribe who had been fishing （機の）カム and told me that the white fellows were coming, and the whole of the tribe who were then in （軍の）野営地，陣営 sallied out in every direction to 会合，会う the party, while the man who had brought the news took me over the creek, where I すぐに saw the party coming 負かす／撃墜する.
Source.—探検s in Australia (J.M. Stuart. Hardman, 1865). pp. 164-165, 406-411
Stuart …を伴ってd Sturt in 1844-5, and subsequently became an enthusiastic explorer. Three times he 始める，決める out to travel from Adelaide to the Indian Ocean; the first time passing through the centre, and finally 達成するing his 反対する in 1862. The 陸路の Telegraph line is laid along his 跡をつける.
THE CENTRE
Sunday, 22nd April. Small Gum Creek, under 開始する Stuart, Centre of Australia. To-day I find from my 観察s of the sun, 111° 00' 30", that I am now （軍の）野営地，陣営d in the centre of Australia. I have 示すd a tree and 工場／植物d the British 旗 there. There is a high 開始する about two miles and a half to the N.N.E. I wish it had been in the centre; but on it to-morrow, I will raise a 反対／詐欺 of 石／投石するs, and 工場／植物 the 旗 there, and 指名する it "Central 開始する Stuart." We have been in search of 永久の water to-day, but cannot find any. I hope from the 最高の，を越す of Central 開始する Stuart to find something good to the N.W. 診察するd a large creek; can find no surface water, but got some by scratching in the sand. It is a large creek divided into many channels, but they are all filled with sand; splendid grass all 一連の会議、交渉／完成する this （軍の）野営地，陣営.
Monday, 23rd April. Centre. Took Kekwick and the 旗, and went to the 最高の，を越す of the 開始する, but 設立する it to be much higher and more difficult of ascent than I 心配するd. After a 取引，協定 of 労働, slips and knocks, we at last arrived on the 最高の，を越す. The 見解（をとる） to the north is over a large plain of gums, mulga, and spinifex, with watercourses running through it. The large gum creek that we crossed 勝利，勝つd 一連の会議、交渉／完成する this hill in a N.E. direction; at about ten miles it is joined by another. After joining they take a course more north, and I lost sight of them in the far distant plain. To the N.N.E. is the termination of the hills; to the N.E., E. and S.E. are broken 範囲s, and to the N.N.W. the 範囲s on the west 味方する of the plain 終結させる. To the N.W. are broken 範囲s; and to the W. is a very high 頂点（に達する）, between which, and this place to the S.W. are a number of 孤立するd hills. Built a large 反対／詐欺 of 石／投石するs, in the centre of which I placed a 政治家 with the British 旗 nailed to it. 近づく the 最高の，を越す of the 反対／詐欺 I placed a small 瓶／封じ込める, in which there is a slip of paper, with our 署名s to it, 明言する／公表するing by whom it was raised. We then gave three hearty 元気づけるs for the 旗, the emblem of civil and 宗教的な liberty, and may it be a 調印する to the natives that the 夜明け of liberty, civilization, and Christianity is about to break upon them. We can see no water from the 最高の，を越す. Descended, but did not reach the （軍の）野営地，陣営 till after dark. This water still continues which makes me think there must certainly be more higher up. I have 指名するd the 範囲 "John 範囲," after my friend and 支持者, John 議会s, Esq., brother to James 議会s, Esq., one of the promoters of this 探検隊／遠征隊.
ACROSS AT LAST
Thursday, 24th July. Thring Creek, entering the 沼. Started at 7.40, course north. I have taken this course ーするために make the sea-coast, which I suppose to be distant about eight miles and a half, as soon as possible; by this I hope to 避ける the 沼. I shall travel along the beach to the north of the Adelaide. I did not 知らせる any of the party except Thring and Auld, that I was so 近づく to the sea, as I wished to give them a surprise on reaching it. Proceeded through a light 国／地域, わずかに elevated with a little ironstone on the surface, the 火山の 激しく揺する cropping out occasionally; also some flats of 黒人／ボイコット alluvial 国／地域. The 木材／素質 much smaller and more like scrub, showing that we are 近づくing the sea.
At eight miles and a half （機の）カム upon a 幅の広い valley of 黒人／ボイコット alluvial 国／地域, covered with long grass; from this I can hear the wash of the sea. On the other 味方する of the valley, which is rather more than a ４半期/4分の1 of a mile wide, is growing a line of 厚い 激しい bushes, very dense, showing that to be the 境界 of the beach. Crossed the valley and entered the scrub, which was a 完全にする 網状組織 of vines. Stopped the horses to （疑いを）晴らす a way, whilst I 前進するd a few yards on to the beach, and was gratified and delighted to behold the water of the Indian Ocean in 先頭 Diemen's 湾, before the party with the horses knew anything of its proximity. Thring, who 棒 in 前進する of me, called out "The Sea!" which so took them all by surprise, and they were so astonished that he had to repeat the call before they fully understood what was meant. Then they すぐに gave three long and hearty 元気づけるs. The beach is covered with a soft blue mud. It 存在 ebb tide, I could see some distance; 設立する it would be impossible for me to take the horses along it; I therefore kept them where I had 停止（させる）d them, and 許すd half the party to come on to the beach and gratify themselves by a sight of the sea, while the other half remained to watch the horses until their return. I dipped my feet, and washed my 直面する and 手渡すs in the sea, as I 約束d the late 知事, Sir Richard McDonnell, I would do if I reached it. The mud has nearly covered all the 爆撃するs; we got a few, however. I could see no 海草. There is a point of land some distance off, 耐えるing 70°. After all the party had had some time on the beach, at which they were much pleased and gratified, they collected a few 爆撃するs; I returned to the valley, where I had my 初期のs (J.M.D.S.) 削減（する） on a large tree, as I did not ーするつもりである, until I arrived at the mouth of the Adelaide, to put up my 旗. Proceeded along the valley; at one mile and a half coming upon a small creek, with running water, and the valley 存在 covered with beautiful green grass, I have （軍の）野営地，陣営d to give the horses the 利益 of it. Thus have I, through the instrumentality of Divine Providence, been led to 遂行する the 広大な／多数の／重要な 反対する of the 探検隊／遠征隊, and take the whole party 安全に as 証言，証人／目撃するs to the fact, and through one of the finest countries man could wish to behold, good to the coast and with a stream of water within half a mile of the sea. From Newcastle water to the sea-beach, the main 団体／死体 of the horses have been only one night without water and then got it within the next day. If this country is settled, it will be one of the finest 植民地s under the 栄冠を与える, suitable for the growth of any and everything—what a splendid country for producing cotton! 裁判官ing from the number of the pathways from the water to the beach, across the valley, the natives must be very 非常に／多数の; we have not seen any, although we have passed many of their 最近の 跡をつけるs and 野営s. The cabbage and fan palm-trees have been very plentiful during to-day's 旅行 負かす／撃墜する to this valley. This creek I 指名するd "Charles Creek," after the eldest son of John 議会s, Esq.; it is one by which some large 団体／死体s of springs 発射する／解雇する their 黒字／過剰 water into 先頭 Diemen's 湾; its banks are of soft mud, and boggy. 勝利，勝つd, south. Latitude, 12° 13&激烈な／緊急の; 30".
Friday, 25th July. Charles Creek, 先頭 Diemen's 湾. I have sent Thring to the south-west to see if he can get 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 沼. If it is 会社／堅い ground I shall endeavour to make the mouth of the river by that way. After a long search he has returned, and 知らせるs me that it is impracticable, 存在 too boggy for the horses. As the 広大な／多数の／重要な 反対する of this 探検隊／遠征隊 is now 達成するd, and the mouth of the river already 井戸／弁護士席 known, I do not think it advisable to waste the strength of my horses in 軍隊ing them through, neither do I see what 反対する I should 伸び（る） by doing so; they have still a very long and 疲労，（軍の）雑役ing 旅行 in recrossing the continent to Adelaide, and my health is so bad that I am unable to 耐える a long day's ride. I shall, therefore, cross this creek and see if I can get along by the sea-beach, or の近くに to it. Started and had 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty in getting the horses over, though we 削減（する） a large 量 of grass, putting it on the banks and on スピードを出す／記録につけるs of 支持を得ようと努めるd which were put into it. We had a number bogged, and I was nearly losing one of my best horses, and was 強いるd to have him pulled out with ropes; after the loss of some time we 後継するd in getting them all over 安全に. At two miles （機の）カム upon an open part of the beach, went on to it, and again 設立する the mud やめる impassable for horses. Stopped the party, as this travelling is too much for the horses, and, taking Thring with me, 棒 two miles to see if the ground was any firmer in places; 設立する it very soft where the salt water had covered it, in others not so bad. 裁判官ing from the number of the 爆撃するs banked up in different places, the sea must occasionally come over this. I saw at once that this would not do for the weak 明言する／公表する in which my horses were, and I therefore returned to where I left the party, 解決するing to re-cross the continent to the City of Adelaide. I now had an open place （疑いを）晴らすd, and selecting one of the tallest trees, stripped it of its lower 支店s, and on its highest 支店 直す／買収する，八百長をするd my 旗, the Union Jack, with my 指名する sewn in the centre of it. When this was 完全にするd, the party gave three 元気づけるs, and Mr. Kekwick then 演説（する）／住所d me, congratulating me on having 完全にするd this 広大な／多数の／重要な and important 請け負うing, to which I replied. Mr. Waterhouse also spoke a few words on the same 支配する, and 結論するd with three 元気づけるs for the Queen, and three for the Prince of むちの跡s. At one foot south from the foot of the tree is buried, about eight インチs below the ground, an 空気／公表する-tight tin 事例／患者, in which is a paper with the に引き続いて notice:
"South Australian 広大な／多数の／重要な Northern 調査するing 探検隊／遠征隊. The 調査するing party, under the 命令（する） of John McDouall Stuart arrived at this 位置／汚点／見つけ出す on the 25th day of July, 1862, having crossed the entire continent of Australia from the Southern to the Indian Ocean, passing through the centre. They left the City of Adelaide on the 26th day of October 1861, and the most northern 駅／配置する of the 植民地 on 21st day of January, 1862. To 祝う／追悼する this happy event, they have raised this 旗 耐えるing his 指名する. All 井戸／弁護士席. God Save the Queen!"
(Here follow the 署名s of myself and party.)
As this bay has not been 指名するd, I have taken this 適切な時期 of 指名するing it "議会s Bay," in honour of 行方不明になる 議会s, who kindly 現在のd me with the 旗 which I have 工場／植物d this day, and I hope this may be the first 調印する of the 夜明け of approaching civilization.
正確に／まさに this day nine months the party left North Adelaide. Before leaving, between the hours of eleven and twelve o'clock, they had lunch at Mr. 議会s' house; John Bentham Neals, Esq., 存在 現在の, 提案するd success to me, and wished I might 工場／植物 the 旗 on the north-west coast. At the same hour of the day, nine months after, the nag was raised on the shores of 議会s Bay, 先頭 Diemen 湾. (On the bark of the tree on which the 旗 is placed is 削減（する）—DIG ONE FOOT, S.) We then bade 別れの（言葉，会） to the Indian Ocean, and returned to Charles Creek, where we had again 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty in getting the horses across, but it was at last 遂行するd without 事故. We have passed 非常に／多数の and 最近の 跡をつけるs of natives to-day; they are still 燃やすing the country at some distance from the coast.
[公式文書，認める. The memorandum left by Stuart on 最高の，を越す of the Central Mountain runs as follows:]
John McDouall Stuart and party consisting of two men and himself arrived from Adelaide in the Centre of Australia on Saturday evening the twenty first day of April 1860, and have built this 反対／詐欺 of 石／投石するs and raised this 旗 to 祝う／追悼する the event, on 最高の，を越す of 開始する Sturt; the centre is about two miles South South West at a small gum creek where there is a tree 示すd 直面するing the south.
(調印するd) JOHN MCDOUALL STUART (Leader)
WILLIAM DARTON KEKWICK
BENJAMIN HEAD.
21st April 1860,
Centre of Australia.
The 指名する of the Central Mountain appears in the published 定期刊行物 as Stuart. This is probably 予定 to a mistake of the publisher's, which remained uncorrected, as Stuart was very ill when his 定期刊行物 was printed.
Source.—探検s in Australia (John Forrest, 1875), pp. 83-94, 107-114, 121-135.
In 1870 Forrest 始める，決める out to 調査する the country along the Bight. It had 以前 been considered 砂漠 land, but the 探検隊／遠征隊 discovered 価値のある country behind the cliffs.
We started from Perth on the afternoon of Wednesday, the 30th of March 1870. His Excellency the 知事 …を伴ってd us for about three miles on the Albany Road. We had fifteen horses, and 準備／条項s 十分な for the 旅行 to Esperance Bay, a distance of about 450 miles, where it was arranged その上の 供給（する）s would を待つ us.
May 18th. Esperance Bay. After starting the party went in 前進する with Billy to 準備する （軍の）野営地，陣営 at Israelite Bay. When we reached it, were delighted to find the Adur lying 安全に at 錨，総合司会者 there; 訴訟／進行 on board 設立する all 井戸／弁護士席. Procured 豊富 of water by digging one foot 深い in the sand-hills, and good 料金d a short distance from （軍の）野営地，陣営.
Our friends on the Adur were looking anxiously for us. We were two days behind the 任命するd time, and they 恐れるd some evil had befallen us, not taking into consideration the many 延期するs incidental to such a 旅行 through strange and difficult country as we had made.
On the 24th of May we 決定するd to celebrate the Queen's birthday. All 手渡すs from the Adur （機の）カム 岸に, and I drew them up in line under the Union Jack, which was duly hoisted 近づく the （軍の）野営地，陣営. We 現在のd 武器; sang "God Save the Queen" vigorously, and 解雇する／砲火／射撃d a salute of twenty-one guns, finishing with three 元気づけるs. I 投機・賭ける to 記録，記録的な／記録する that our 声の 成果／努力s were as 心から and heartily made in the Australian wilderness as any which rang that day in any part of Her Majesty's wide dominions. We were all 高度に delighted—not only feeling that we had done our 義務 as loyal 支配するs, but other 祝賀s in more civilized places were 強制的に 解任するd to memory.
June 22nd. Saddled up at 夜明け, and steering southerly over （疑いを）晴らす, open grassy plains for twenty-eight miles, we reached the cliffs, and 残り／休憩（する）d an hour; after which we continued our 旅行 and reached （軍の）野営地，陣営 a little after dark, finding all 井戸／弁護士席.
June 23rd. Made 準備s for a start for Eucla to-morrow, and put everything in travelling order. During my absence, Osborn had got the horses' feet in order, and the pack-saddles had been 精密検査するd and 修理s 一般に made. In looking 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the （軍の）野営地，陣営, Tommy Windich 設立する shoulder-blade of a horse and two small pieces of leather. They no 疑問 belonged to Mr. Eyre's 器具／備品, and, on 言及／関連 to his 定期刊行物, I find he was here 強いるd to kill a horse for food.
I 削減（する） off part of the shoulder-blade, and have since given it, together with the pieces of leather, to His Excellency 知事 Weld.
June 24th. Started at 8.30 a.m. en 大勝する for Eucla. Steering in a N.N.E. direction for fifteen miles, reached the cliffs, and after に引き続いて along them two miles, 設立する a large 激しく揺する water-穴を開ける, but in an almost inaccessible 位置／汚点／見つけ出す. While I was 診察するing the cliffs 近づく, to find a place where we could get the horses up, Tommy heard a coo-ey, and after answering it a good many times, we were surprised to see two natives walking up に向かって us, 非武装の. I approached and met them; they did not appear at all 脅すd and at once began to eat the damper I gave them. We could not understand anything they said. I beckoned them to come along with us, which they at once did, and followed so closely after as to tramp on my 刺激（する）s. They pointed to water その上の ahead. After walking about a mile, four more natives were seen running after us, who, on joining, made a 広大な／多数の／重要な noise, singing and appearing very pleased. すぐに afterwards two more followed, making seven in all; all 完全に naked. We 設立する the water alluded to, on the 最高の，を越す of the cliffs, but it 存在 too late to get the horses up, we turned off to the southward half a mile, and （軍の）野営地，陣営d on a small grassy flat, without water for the horses. The seven natives slept at our 解雇する／砲火／射撃. We gave them as much damper as they could eat. They had not the least 粒子 of 着せる／賦与するing, and made pillows of each other's 団体／死体s, and 似ているd pigs more than human 存在s.
July 1st. Descending the cliffs with difficulty, we followed along the foot of them, which was beautifully grassed, and, after travelling twelve miles, beheld the Eucla sand-hills. On my pointing them out, every heart was 十分な of joy, and, 存在 away some distance, I heard the long and continued hurrahs from the party! Eucla was all the conversation! I never before remember 証言，証人／目撃するing such joy as was evinced on this occasion by all the party. After travelling five miles その上の, we （軍の）野営地，陣営d の近くに to the cliffs at a small water-穴を開ける. We might have reached Eucla this evening, but I preferred doing so to-morrow, when we could have the day before us to choose （軍の）野営地，陣営. We are now again in safety, Eucla 存在 only seven miles distant; after having travelled 166 miles without finding 永久の water—in fact, over 300 miles with only one place where we procured 永久の water. I 信用 we all 認めるd with 誠実 and thankfulness the guiding and 保護するing Father who had brought us through in safety.
July 2nd. Made an 早期に start and steered straight for the 船の停泊地, distant about five miles, having first 上がるd the 範囲 to have a 見解（をとる） of the country, which was very 広範囲にわたる. Far as the 注目する，もくろむ could reach to the 西方の, the 魚の卵 Plains and Hampton 範囲 were 明白な; while to the eastward lay Wilson's Bluff and the Delissier sand-hills; and three miles west of them we were delighted to behold the good schooner Adur, riding 安全に at 錨，総合司会者 in Eucla harbour, which formed by no means the least pleasing feature of the scene to our little 禁止（する）d of 疲れた／うんざりした travellers. Made at once for the 大型船, and on reaching her, 設立する all 井戸／弁護士席 and glad to see us. She was 錨，総合司会者d between the Red and 黒人／ボイコット Beacons. The latter had been blown 負かす／撃墜する, but shall be re-築くd. There 存在 no water at the 船の停泊地, moved on to the Delissier sand-hills, where we 設立する water by digging two and a half feet from the surface. （軍の）野営地，陣営d on the west 味方する of the sand-hills.
Landed barley, etc., from the boat. There was a good 料金d for the horses under the Hampton 範囲, about a mile and a half distant.
July 11th. Osborn busy with the shoeing. Went with Billy to Wilson's Bluff, and saw the 境界-地位，任命する between South and Western Australia, placed by 中尉／大尉／警部補 Douglas.
July 12th. 築くd the flagstaff with the Union Jack 飛行機で行くing, and nailed a copperplate to the staff, with the に引き続いて engraved on it:
WESTERN AUSTRALIA. ERECTED BY J. FORREST,
JULY 12TH, 1870.
July 17th. Was 強いるd to get up twice to bring 支援する the horses, and at 4 o'clock made a start. The horses were in a very exhausted 明言する／公表する; some having difficulty to keep up. About noon I could descry the land turning to the southward, and saw, with 広大な／多数の／重要な 楽しみ, we were 急速な／放蕩な approaching the 長，率いる of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Australian Bight. Reached the sand-patches at the extreme 長，率いる of the Bight just as the sun was setting, and 設立する 豊富 of water by digging two feet 深い in the sand. Gave the horses as much as I considered 安全な for them to have at one time. I have never seen horses in such a 明言する／公表する before and hope never to do so again. The horses, which four days ago were strong and in good 条件, now appeared only 骸骨／概要s, 注目する，もくろむs sunk, nostrils dilated, and 完全に exhausted. Since leaving Eucla to getting water at this 位置／汚点／見つけ出す, a period of nearly ninety hours, they had only been 許すd one gallon of water each, which was given them from our water-派手に宣伝するs. It is wonderful how 井戸／弁護士席 they 成し遂げるd this 旅行; had they not started in good 条件 they never could have done it. We all felt very tired. During the last sixty hours I have only had about five hours' sleep, and have been continually in a 明言する／公表する of 苦悩—besides which, all have had to walk a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定.
July 18th. This is a 広大な／多数の／重要な day in my 定期刊行物 and 旅行. After collecting the horses we followed along the beach half a mile, when I struck N. for Peelunabie 井戸／弁護士席, and at half a mile struck a cart 跡をつける from Fowler's Bay to Peelunabie. After に引き続いて it one mile and a ４半期/4分の1, （機の）カム to the 井戸／弁護士席, and old sheep yards, and （軍の）野営地，陣営d. 設立する better water in the sand-hills than in the 井戸／弁護士席. There is a board nailed on a 政治家 directing to the best water, with the に引き続いて engraved on it: "G. Mackie, April 5th, 1865, water—120 yards." Upon sighting the road this morning, which I had told them we should do, a loud and continued hurrahing （機の）カム from all the party, who were overjoyed to find 調印するs of civilization again; while Billy, who was in 前進する with me, and whom I had told to look out, as he would see a road 直接／まっすぐに, which he すぐに did, began giving me 広大な／多数の／重要な 賞賛する for bringing them 安全に through a long 旅行. I certainly felt very pleased and relieved from 苦悩, and, on reviewing the long line of march we had 成し遂げるd through an 野蛮な country, was very sensible of that 保護するing Providence which had guided us 安全に through the 請け負うing.
Before I 結論する I have the pleasing 義務 to 記録，記録的な／記録する my entire 評価 of every member of the party. I need not particularize as one and all had the 利益／興味 and 福利事業 of the 探検隊／遠征隊 at heart, and on no occasion uttered a 選び出す／独身 murmur. Finally, sir, my best and most sincere thanks are 予定 to His Excellency 知事 Weld for the very efficient manner in which the 探検隊／遠征隊 was equipped. It is 主として 借りがあるing to the 広大な／多数の／重要な zeal and 願望（する） of His Excellency that I should have everything necessary, that the success of the 企業 is attributable.
I have, etc.
JOHN FORREST,
Leader of 探検隊／遠征隊.
The Hon. F.P. Barlee, Esq.,
植民地の 長官, W.A.
Source.—探検s in Australia (John Forrest, 1875), pp. 149-162, 188, 201, 257, 261
Four years after his successful 旅行 along the Bight, Forrest 決定するd to 調査する the 内部の of Western Australia, and in so doing 追加するd 大いに to the knowledge of that somewhat neglected 明言する／公表する.
The success which had …に出席するd my previous 探検隊／遠征隊s, and the 広大な／多数の／重要な 激励 received from the 政府 and public of each 植民地, made me wish to 請け負う another 旅行 for the 目的 of ascertaining whether a 大勝する from Western Australia to the 前進するd 解決／入植地s of the Southern 植民地 was practicable. I also hoped to 与える／捧げる, if possible, に向かって the 解答 of the problem, What is the nature of the 内部の? My first 旅行, when I 後継するd in 侵入するing for about 600 miles into the unknown 砂漠 of Central Australia, had 納得させるd me that, although there might, and doubtless would, be かなりの difficulties to be 遭遇（する）d, there were no insuperable 障害s, except a probable 失敗 in the 供給（する） of water. That certainly was the most formidable of all the difficulties that would no 疑問 have to be 遭遇（する）d; but on the previous 旅行 the scarcity of water had been 耐えるd, not without privation and 苦しむing, but without any very serious result.
Stuart's 広大な／多数の／重要な feat of crossing the continent from south to north had been followed by other successful 成果／努力s in the same direction. Another result was the 設立するing a line of telegraph from Adelaide to Port Darwin. This might, therefore, be considered the eastern 境界 of the unknown 地区s, and, moreover, was the point of 出発 for the South Australian 探検隊／遠征隊s in a westerly direction. It was also the 限界 I 願望（する）d to reach, and reaching it, I should 達成する the 反対する I had so much at heart.
On the 18th of March, 1874, the 探検隊／遠征隊 quitted Perth. The 19th was Sunday, and, によれば practice, we 残り／休憩（する）d. Every Sunday throughout the 旅行 I read Divine Service, and, except making the daily 観察s, only work 絶対 necessary was done. Whenever possible, we 残り／休憩（する）d on Sunday, taking, if we could, a pigeon, a parrot, or other such game as might come in our way as special fare. Sunday's dinner was an 会・原則 for which, even in those inhospitable wilds, we had a 広大な／多数の／重要な 尊敬（する）・点.
June 13th. About one o'clock Pierre saw a flock of emus coming to water, and went off to get a 発射. Kennedy followed with the ライフル銃／探して盗む. I climbed up on a small tree to watch them. I was surprised to hear natives' 発言する／表明するs, and, looking に向かって the hills, I saw from forty to sixty natives running に向かって the （軍の）野営地，陣営, all plumed up and 武装した with spears and 保護物，者s. I was 冷静な／正味の, and told Sweeny to bring out the revolvers; descended from the tree and got my gun, and coo-ed to Pierre and Kennedy, who （機の）カム running. By this time they were within sixty yards, and 停止（させる）d. One 前進するd to 会合，会う me, and stood twenty yards off: I made friendly 調印するs; he did not appear very 敵意を持った. All at once, one from behind (probably a 長，指導者) （機の）カム 急ぐing 今後, and made many feints to throw spears. He went through many manoeuvres, and gave a signal, when the whole number made a 急ぐ に向かって us, yelling and shouting, with their spears shipped. When within thirty yards, I gave the word to 解雇する／砲火／射撃; we all 解雇する／砲火／射撃d as one man, only one 報告（する）／憶測 存在 heard. I think the natives got a few 発射s, but they all ran up the hill and there stood talking and haranguing and appearing very angry. We re-負担d our guns, and got everything ready for a second attack, which I was sure they would make. We were not long left in suspense. They all descended from the hill and （機の）カム on slowly に向かって us. When they were about 150 yards off I 解雇する／砲火／射撃d my ライフル銃／探して盗む, and we saw one of them 落ちる, but he got up again and was 補助装置d away. On 診察するing the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す we 設立する the ball had 削減（する） in two the two spears he was carrying; he also dropped his wommera, which was covered with 血. We could follow the 血-減少（する）s a long way over the 石／投石するs. I am afraid he got a 厳しい 負傷させる. My brother and Windich 存在 away we were short-手渡すd. The natives seem 決定するd to take our lives and, therefore, I shall not hesitate to 解雇する／砲火／射撃 on them should they attack us again. I thus decide, and 令状 in all humility, considering it a necessity, as the only way of saving our lives. I 令状 this at 4 p.m., just after the occurrence, so that, should anything happen to us, my brother will know how and when it occurred. 5 p.m.—The natives appear to have made off. We ーするつもりである sleeping in the thicket の近くに to （軍の）野営地，陣営, and keeping a strict watch, so as to be ready for them should they return to the attack this evening. At 7.30 my brother and Windich returned, and were surprised to hear of our adventure. They had been over fifty miles from （軍の）野営地，陣営 E.S.E., and had passed over some good feeding country, but had not 設立する a 減少（する） of water. They and their horses had been over thirty hours without water.
June 14th, Sunday. The natives did not return to the attack last night. In looking 一連の会議、交渉／完成する （軍の）野営地，陣営 we 設立する the traces of 血 where one of the natives had been lying 負かす／撃墜する. This must have been the 真っ先の man, who was in the 行為／法令／行動する of throwing his spear, and who 勧めるd the others on. Two therefore, at least, are 負傷させるd, and will have 原因（となる） to remember the time they made their murderous attack upon us. We worked all day putting up a 石／投石する hut, ten by nine feet, and seven feet high, thatched with boughs. We finished it; it will make us 安全な at night. 存在 a very fair hut, it will be a 広大な／多数の／重要な source of defence. 晴雨計 28.09; 温度計 68° at 5 p.m. Hope to have rain, as without it we cannot proceed.
July 3rd. Soon after starting, 設立する a little water in a gully and gave our horses a drink. 上がるd a 刺激（する） of the 範囲 and had a good 見解（をとる） ahead, and was very pleased with the prospect. Steering N.E. に向かって a large 範囲 about fifteen miles off, we 設立する a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of spinnifex, although the country 一般に was thickly wooded. I 棒 使節団, who went along pretty 井戸／弁護士席 for about twelve miles, when Williams gave in again, and 使節団 soon did the same. For the next six miles to the 範囲 we had awful work, but managed with 主要な and 運動ing to reach the 範囲; spinnifex all the way and also on the 最高の，を越す of it. I was very nearly knocked up myself, but 上がるd the 範囲 and had a very 広範囲にわたる 見解（をとる）. Far to the N. and E. the horizon was as level and uniform as that of the sea; 明らかに spinnifex everywhere; no hills or 範囲s could be seen for a distance of やめる thirty miles.
The prospect was very cheerless and disheartening. Windich went on the only horse not knocked up ーするために find water for the horses. I followed after his 跡をつけるs, 主要な the two poor done-up horses. With difficulty I could get them to walk. Over, and through the rough 範囲 I managed to pull them along and 設立する 十分な water to give them a good drink, and （軍の）野営地，陣営d on a small patch of rough grass in one of the gorges. Spinnifex everywhere; it is a most fearful country. We cannot proceed さらに先に in this direction, and must return and 会合，会う the party, which I hope to do to-morrow night. We can only はう along having to walk and lead the horses, or at least drag them. The party have been に引き続いて us, only getting a little water from gullies, and there is very little to 落ちる 支援する on for over fifty miles. I will leave what I ーするつもりである doing until I 会合，会う them. I am nearly knocked up again to-night; my boots have 傷つける my feet, but I am not yet disheartened.
[Forrest stayed in the 内部の for nearly three more months.]
Sept. 26th. Got off 早期に and followed the river (Hamilton) about two miles when it took a bend to the north, and as it was rather boggy 近づく it, we left it, and steered about east and E.N.E. for about twenty miles over most 哀れな country without any grass. We （軍の）野営地，陣営d on a small gully with a little water in it, and some old 乾燥した，日照りの grass in a flat. The horses were very tired, not having had anything to eat for the last two or three days; and some showed 調印するs of giving in; in fact, all weak and knocked up, and we had to 扱う them very carefully. For the first thirteen miles we passed many clay-pans 十分な of water—water nearly everywhere—after which there was very little; and the rain does not appear to have been 激しい to the east. The river is about a mile and a half north of us, and we have not seen it for some miles. Latitude 27° 9' south. Hope to reach the telegraph line to-morrow.
Sept. 27th, Sunday. Continuing E.N.E. for two miles, （機の）カム to the Alberga, and に引き続いて along its 権利 bank, over many clay-pans with water, about east for twelve miles, and then E.N.E. for three miles, and reached the telegraph line, between Adelaide and Port Darwin, and （軍の）野営地，陣営d. Long and continued 元気づけるs （機の）カム from our little 禁止（する）d as they beheld at last the goal to which we have been travelling for so long. I felt rejoiced and relieved from 苦悩; and on 反映するing on the long line of travel we had 成し遂げるd through an unknown country, almost a wilderness, felt very thankful to that good Providence that had guarded and guided us so 安全に through it. The telegraph line is most 大幅に put up and 井戸／弁護士席 wired, and is very creditable at this 位置／汚点／見つけ出す; large 政治家s of bush 木材／素質, often rather crooked, and アイロンをかける ones here and there. I now gave up keeping watch, having kept it 定期的に for the last six months. 示すd a tree F. 104, 存在 104th （軍の）野営地，陣営 from Geraldton.
Source.—Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia. Vol. I, pp. 9-32, 373
In 1783 England 認めるd the Independence of her American 植民地s, and thus lost the 解決／入植地s to which she usually 輸送（する）d her 犯罪のs. By 1786 her gaols had become woefully overcrowded, and その結果 it was decided to 設立する a penal 植民地 at Botany Bay. Captain Phillip was selected as 命令（する）ing officer of the 探検隊／遠征隊.
GOVERNOR PHILLIP'S FIRST COMMISSION
GEORGE R.
George the Third, etc., to our trusty and 井戸／弁護士席-beloved Captain Arthur Phillip, 迎える／歓迎するing:
We, reposing especial 信用 and 信用／信任 in your 忠義, courage and experience in 軍の 事件／事情／状勢s, do, by these 現在のs, 構成する and 任命する you to be 知事 of our 領土 called New South むちの跡s, 延長するing from the northern cape or extremity of the coast called Cape York, in the latitude of 10° 37' south, to the southern extremity of the said 領土 of New South むちの跡s or South Cape, in the latitude of 43° 39' south, and of all the country inland to the 西方の as far as the one hundred and thirty-fifth degree of longitude reckoning from the meridian of Greenwich, 含むing all the islands 隣接する in the 太平洋の Ocean, within the latitude aforesaid of 10° 37' south and 43° 39' south, and of all towns, 守備隊s, 城s, forts, and all other 要塞s or other 軍の 作品 which now are or may be hereafter 築くd upon this said 領土. You are therefore carefully and diligently to 発射する／解雇する the 義務s of 知事 in and over our said 領土 by doing and 成し遂げるing all and all manner of things thereunto belonging, and we do hereby 厳密に 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 and 命令（する） all our officers and 兵士s who shall be 雇うd within our said 領土, and all others whom it may 関心, to obey you as 知事 thereof; and you are to 観察する and follow such orders and directions from time to time as you shall receive from us, or any other your superior officer によれば the 支配するs and discipline of war, and likewise such orders and directions as we shall send you under our signet or 調印する 手動式の, or by our High Treasurer or Commissioners of our 財務省 for the time 存在, or one of our 主要な／長／主犯 長官s of 明言する／公表する, in pursuance of the 信用 we hereby repose in you.
Given at our 法廷，裁判所 at St. James's the twelfth day of October, 1786, in the twenty-sixth year of our 統治する.
By His Majesty's 命令（する）.
SYDNEY.
GOVERNOR PHILLIP'S INSTRUCTIONS
G.R.
指示／教授／教育s for our trusty and 井戸／弁護士席-beloved Arthur Phillip, Esq., our Captain-General and 知事-in-長，指導者 in and over our 領土 of New South むちの跡s and its dependencies or to the 中尉／大尉／警部補 知事 or 指揮官-in-長，指導者 of the said 領土 for the time 存在. Given at our 法廷，裁判所 at St. James's the 25th day of April 1787 in the twenty-seventh year of our 統治する.
You are to fit yourself with all convenient 速度(を上げる）, and to 持つ／拘留する yourself in 準備完了 to 修理 to your said 命令（する）, and 存在 arrived, to take upon you the 死刑執行 of the 信用 we have reposed in you, as soon as conveniently may be, with all 予定 solemnity to 原因（となる） our said （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 under our 広大な／多数の／重要な 調印（する） of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain 構成するing you our 知事 and 指揮官-in-長，指導者 as aforesaid to be read and published.
And 反して we have ordered that about 600 male and 180 女性（の） 罪人／有罪を宣告するs now under 宣告，判決 or order of transportation whose 指名するs are 含む／封じ込めるd in the 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） hereunto 別館d should be 除去するd out of the gaols and other places of confinement in this our kingdom, and be put on board of the several 輸送（する） ships which have been taken up for their 歓迎会, it is our 王室の will and 楽しみ that as soon as the said 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, the several persons composing the civil 設立s, and the 蓄える／店s, 準備／条項s, etc., 供給するd for their use, shall be put on board the 供給（する）, tender, and the 輸送（する） ships 指名するd in the 利ざや, and be in 準備完了 to 出発／死, that you do take them under your 保護 and proceed in the Sirius with the said tender and 輸送（する）s to the Port on the coast of New South むちの跡s, 据えるd in the latitude of 33° 41' called by the 指名する of Botany Bay, agreeably to the 指示／教授／教育s with which you will be furnished by the Commissioners of our Admiralty, in pursuance of our 王室の 命令（する）s already 示す to them.
によれば the best （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） which we have 得るd, Botany Bay appears to be the most 適格の 状況／情勢 upon the said coast for the first 設立, 所有するing a commodious harbour and other advantages which no part of the coast hitherto discovered affords. It is therefore our will and 楽しみ that you do すぐに upon your 上陸, after taking 対策 for 安全な・保証するing yourself and the people who …を伴って you as much as possible from any attacks or interruptions of the natives of that country, 同様に as for the 保護 and safety of the public 蓄える／店s, proceed to the cultivation of the land, 分配するing the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs for that 目的 in such manner, and under such 視察官s and Overseers, and under such 規則s as may appear to you to be necessary and best calculated for procuring 供給（する）s of 穀物 and ground 準備／条項s.
The assortment of 道具s and utensils which have been 供給するd for the use of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs and other persons who are to compose the ーするつもりであるd 解決／入植地 are to be 分配するd によれば your discretion, and によれば the 雇用 割り当てるd to the several persons. In the 配当, however, you will use every proper degree of economy, and be careful that the Commissary so 送信する／伝染させる an account of the 問題／発行するs from time to time to the Commissioners of our 財務省 to enable them to 裁判官 of the propriety or expediency of 認めるing その上の 供給（する）s. The 着せる／賦与するing of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs and the 準備／条項s 問題／発行するd to them, and the several civil and 軍の 設立s, must be accounted for in the same manner.
The 増加する of the 在庫／株 of animals must depend 完全に upon the 対策 you may 可決する・採択する on the 手始め for their 保護; and as the 解決／入植地 will be amply 供給（する）d with vegetable 生産／産物s, and most likely with fish, fresh 準備／条項s, excepting for the sick and convalescents, may in a 広大な／多数の／重要な degree be dispensed with. For these 推論する／理由s it will become you to be 極端に 用心深い in permitting any cattle, sheep, hogs, etc., ーするつもりであるd for propagating the 産む／飼育する of such animals to be 虐殺（する）d until a competent 在庫／株 maybe acquired, to 収容する／認める of your 供給（する）ing the 解決／入植地 from it with animal food without having その上の 頼みの綱 to the places from whence such 在庫／株 may have 初めは been 得るd.
It is our will and 楽しみ that the 生産／産物s of all descriptions acquired by the 労働 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs should be considered as a public 在庫／株, which we so far leave to your 処分 that such parts thereof as may be requisite for the subsistence of the said 罪人／有罪を宣告するs and their families, or the subsistence of the civil and 軍の 設立s of the 解決／入植地 may be 適用するd by you to that use. The 残りの人，物 of such 生産／産物s you will reserve as a 準備／条項 for a その上の number of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, which you may 推定する／予想する will すぐに follow you from hence, to be 雇うd under your direction in the manner pointed out in these our 指示／教授／教育s to you.
From the natural 増加する of corn and other vegetable food from a ありふれた 産業, after the ground has once been cultivated, 同様に as of animals, it cannot be expedient that all the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs which …を伴って you should be 雇うd in …に出席するing only to the 反対する of 準備／条項s. And as it has been 謙虚に 代表するd to us that advantages may be derived from the flax-工場／植物 which is 設立する in the islands not far distant from the ーするつもりであるd 解決／入植地, not only as a means of acquiring 着せる／賦与するing for the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs and other persons who may become 植民／開拓者s, but from its superior excellence for a variety of 海上の 目的s, and as it may 最終的に become an article of 輸出（する）, it is, therefore, our will and 楽しみ that you do 特に …に出席する to its cultivation, and that you do send home by every 適切な時期 which may 申し込む／申し出, 見本s of this article, in order that a judgment may be formed whether it may not be necessary to 教える you その上の upon this 支配する.
And 反して we are desirous that some その上の （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） should be 得るd of the several ports or harbours upon the coast, and the islands contiguous thereto, within the 限界s of your 政府, you are, whenever the Sirius or the 供給（する） tender, can conveniently be spared, to send one, or both of them, upon that service.
Norfolk Island, 据えるd in the lat.——, and long.——[blanks in manuscript] east from Greenwich about——, 存在 代表するd as a 位置／汚点／見つけ出す which may hereafter become useful, you are, as soon as circumstances will 収容する／認める of it, to send a small 設立 thither to 安全な・保証する the same to us, and 妨げる it 存在 占領するd by the 支配するs of any other European 力／強力にする; and you will 原因（となる） any 発言／述べるs or 観察s which you may 得る in consequence of this 指示／教授／教育 to be transmitted to our 主要な／長／主犯 国務長官 for 農園 事件／事情／状勢s for our （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）.
You are to endeavour by every possible means to open an intercourse with the natives and to conciliate their affections, enjoining all our 支配するs to live in 友好 and 親切 with them. And if any of our 支配するs shall wantonly destroy them, or give them any unnecessary interruption in the 演習 of their several 占領／職業s, it is our will and 楽しみ that you do 原因（となる） such 違反者／犯罪者s to be brought to 罰 によれば the degree of the offence. You will endeavour to procure an account of the numbers 住むing the neighbourhood of the ーするつもりであるd 解決／入植地, and 報告（する）／憶測 your opinion to one of our 長官s of 明言する／公表する in what manner our intercourse with these people may be turned to the advantage of this 植民地.
And it is その上の our 王室の will and 楽しみ that you do by all proper methods 施行する a 予定 observance of 宗教 and good order の中で the inhabitants of the new 解決／入植地, and that you do take such steps for the 予定 祝賀 of public worship as circumstances will 許す.
And 反して many of our 支配するs 雇うd upon 軍の service at the said 解決／入植地 and others who may 訴える手段／行楽地 thither upon their 私的な 占領／職業s, may hereafter be desirous of 訴訟／進行 to the cultivation and 改良 of the land, and as we are 性質の／したい気がして to afford them every reasonable 激励 in such an 請け負うing: It is our will and 楽しみ that you do, with all convenient 速度(を上げる）, 送信する／伝染させる a 報告（する）／憶測 of the actual 明言する／公表する and 質 of the 国／地域 at and 近づく the said ーするつもりであるd 解決／入植地, the probable and most effectual means of 改善するing and cultivating the same, and of the 方式, and upon what 条件 and 条件s, によれば the best of your judgment, the said lands should be 認めるd, that proper 指示／教授／教育s and 当局 may be given to you for that 目的.
[Having 公正に／かなり 設立するd the first 解決／入植地 of white men on the continent of Australia, 知事 Phillip wrote an account of his work to the 植民地の 長官.]
GOVERNOR PHILLIP TO LORD SYDNEY
Sydney Cove, New South むちの跡s,
May 15th, 1788.
My Lord,
I had the honour of 知らせるing your Lordship, by Captain Cox, who was returning to Europe from マドラス that I was ready to sail from the Cape of Good Hope, and which I did, with the ships under my 命令（する）, the 12th of November. The 25th, 存在 eighty leagues to the eastward of the Cape, I left the Sirius, and went on board the 供給（する） tender, in hopes, by leaving the 軍用車隊, to 伸び（る） 十分な time to 診察する the country 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Botany Bay and 直す／買収する，八百長をする on the most 適格の 状況／情勢 for the 植民地 before the 輸送（する）s arrived.
The 供給（する）, sailing very 不正に, had not permitted my 伸び（る）ing the advantage hoped for, but I began to 診察する the bay as soon as we 錨，総合司会者d, and 設立する that tho' 広範囲にわたる, it did not afford 避難所 to ships from the easterly 勝利，勝つd; the greater part of the Bay 存在 so shoal that ships of even a 穏健な draught of water are 強いるd to 錨，総合司会者 with the 入り口 of the bay open, and are exposed to a 激しい sea that rolls in when it blows hard from the eastward.
Several small runs of fresh water were 設立する in different parts of the bay, but I did not see any 状況／情勢 to which there was not some very strong 反対. The small creek that is in the northern part of the bay runs a かなりの way into the country, but it had only water for a boat. The 味方するs of this creek are frequently 洪水d, and the lowlands a 押し寄せる／沼地. The western 支店 runs up for a かなりの distance, but the officers I sent to 診察する it could not find any water, except in very small drains.
The best 状況／情勢 that 申し込む／申し出d was 近づく Point Sutherland, where there was a small run of good water; but the ground 近づく it, 同様に as a かなりの part of the higher ground, was spongy, and the ships could not approach this part of the bay.
Several good 状況／情勢s 申し込む／申し出d for a small number of people, but 非，不，無 that appeared calculated for our numbers, and where the 蓄える／店s and 準備／条項s could be landed without a 広大な／多数の／重要な loss of time. When I considered the bay's 存在 so very open, and the probability of the 押し寄せる／沼地s （判決などを）下すing the most 適格の 状況／情勢 unhealthy, I 裁判官d it advisable to 診察する Port Jackson; but that no time might be lost if I did not 後継する in finding a better harbour, and a proper 状況／情勢 for the 解決／入植地, the ground 近づく Point Sutherland was in the 合間 to be （疑いを）晴らすd and 準備s made for 上陸 under the direction of the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事.
As the time in which I might be absent, if I went in the 供給（する）, must have been very uncertain, I went 一連の会議、交渉／完成する with three boats, taking with me Captain Hunter, and several officers, that by 診察するing different parts of the port at the same time いっそう少なく time might be lost.
We got into Port Jackson 早期に in the afternoon, and had the satisfaction of finding the finest harbour in the world, in which a thousand sail of the line may ride in the most perfect 安全, and of which a rough 調査する, made by Captain Hunter and the officers of the Sirius after the ships （機の）カム 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, may give your Lordship some idea.
The different coves were 診察するd with all possible 探検隊／遠征隊. I 直す／買収する，八百長をするd on the one that had the best spring of water, and in which the ships can 錨，総合司会者 so の近くに to the shore that at a very small expense quays may be made at which the largest ships may 荷を降ろす.
This cove, which I honoured with the 指名する of Sydney, is about a ４半期/4分の1 of a mile across at the 入り口 and half-a-mile in length.
We returned to Botany Bay the third day, where I received a very unfavourable account of the ground that was （疑いを）晴らすing.
The ships すぐに 用意が出来ている to go 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, and the 25th—seven days after I arrived in the 供給（する）—I sailed in her for Port Jackson, leaving Captain Hunter to follow with the 輸送（する）s, it then blowing too strong for them to work out of the bay. They joined me the next evening, and all the 輸送（する）s were moored in the cove.
Two sail had appeared off Botany Bay the 24th, under French colours, and 錨，総合司会者d there before the Sirius left it—the Boussole and the Astrolabe. These ships were 命令（する）d by Monsieur La Perouse, who having 表明するd a 願望（する） of sending letters to Europe, I sent an officer over, it 存在 only eight miles, to tell him in what time it was probable the ships might sail.
The （疑いを）晴らすing the ground for the people and for 築くing storehouses was begun as soon as the ships got 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, a 労働 of which it will be hardly possible to give your Lordship a just idea.
The necks of land that form the different coves, and 近づく the water for some distance, are in general so rocky that it is surprising that such large trees should find 十分な nourishment, but the 国／地域 between the 激しく揺するs is good, and the 首脳会議s of the 激しく揺するs, 同様に as the whole country 一連の会議、交渉／完成する us, with few exceptions, are covered with trees, most of which are so large that the 除去するing them off the ground after they are 削減（する） 負かす／撃墜する is the greatest part of the 労働; and the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, 自然に indolent, having 非，不，無 to …に出席する them but overseers drawn from amongst themselves, and who 恐れる to 発揮する any 当局, makes this work go on very slowly.
As there are only twelve 罪人／有罪を宣告するs who are carpenters, as many as could be procured from the ships have been 雇うd to work on the hospital and storehouses. The people were healthy when landed, but the scurvy has for some time appeared amongst them, and now 激怒（する）s in a most 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の manner. Only sixteen carpenters could be 雇うd from the ships, and several of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する carpenters were sick. It was now the middle of February; the rains began to 落ちる very 激しい, and pointed the necessity of hutting the people; 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were therefore 任命するd to 補助装置 the detachment in this work.
The 広大な／多数の／重要な 労働 in （疑いを）晴らすing the ground will not 許す more than eight acres to be sown this year with wheat and barley. At the same time the 巨大な number of ants and field mice will （判決などを）下す our 刈るs very uncertain.
Part of the live 在庫／株 brought from the Cape, small as it was, has been lost, and our 資源 in fish is also uncertain. Some days 広大な／多数の／重要な 量s are caught, but never 十分な to save any part of the 準備／条項s; and at times fish are 不十分な.
Your Lordship will, I 推定する, see the necessity of a 正規の／正選手 供給（する） of 準備／条項s for four or five years, and of 着せる／賦与するing, shoes and frocks in the greatest 割合. The necessary 器具／実施するs for husbandry and for （疑いを）晴らすing the ground brought out will, with difficulty, be made to serve the time that is necessary for sending out a fresh 供給（する）.
The 労働 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs shall be as is directed, for the public 在庫／株, but it is necessary to 許す a part of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs to work for the officers, who, in our 現在の 状況／情勢, would さもなければ find it impossible to （疑いを）晴らす a 十分な 量 of ground to raise what is 絶対 necessary to support the little 在庫／株 they have; and I am to request that your Lordship will be pleased to direct me to what extent that indulgence may be 認めるd the officers of the 守備隊.
The Sirius shall be sent to the northward to 物々交換する for 在庫／株, and which shall be 雇うd 単独で for the 目的s of 増加するing the 産む／飼育する of such cattle as she may procure. The 供給（する） is in no ways calculated for this service, as in the least sea her decks are 十分な of water.
The beginning of May the 雨の season was once more supposed to be 始める，決める in, but after a week we had 罰金 天候.
The three 輸送（する）s for 中国 sailed the 5th, 6th, and 8th of May; and the 供給（する） having been caulked sailed the 6th to Lord Howe Island, to endeavour to procure 海がめ, in hopes of checking the scurvy with which most of the people are 影響する／感情d, and 近づく two hundred （判決などを）下すd incapable of doing any work. It is not possible to send the Sirius to the northward, for she must then have her carpenters, and only three of those 雇うd from the 輸送（する）s now remain; and tho' the detachment began to build 兵舎 for the use of the men and huts for the officers the 14th of February, and 近づく a hundred 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were given to 補助装置 in this work, they are not yet finished, nor is the hospital or the storehouse that is to receive the 準備／条項s still remaining on board three 輸送（する）s, and on these 作品 the carpenters of the Sirius are 雇うd. I have before pointed out the 広大な／多数の／重要な 労働 in （疑いを）晴らすing the ground as one 原因（となる） of our slow 進歩.
Your Lordship will, I hope, excuse the 混乱させるd manner in which I have in this letter given an account of what has passed since I left the Cape of Good Hope. It has been written at different times, and my 状況／情勢 at 現在の does not 許す me to begin so long a letter again, the canvas house I am under 存在 neither 勝利，勝つd nor waterproof.
I have, etc.,
A. PHILLIP.
Source.—Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia. Vol. I, pp. 45-51
The young 植民地 was 脅すd by many dangers, but 知事 Phillip with untiring energy and 技術 回避するd them, and with unusual foresight prophesied the 未来 greatness of the country.
GOVERNOR PHILLIP TO UNDER-SECRETARY NEPEAN
Sydney Cove, July 9th, 1788.
My Dear Sir,
You will see by my letters to Lord Sydney that this 植民地 must for some years depend on 供給（する）s from England.
The Sirius will be sent to the northward for live 在庫／株 as soon as we can spare her carpenters; and from what Monsieur la Perouse said to Captain Hunter, one of the 小島s des Navigateurs is the most likely to furnish us with what we want. But though these Islands 供給（する） two or three ships very abundantly, they will afford but very little に向かって the support of this 植民地, the 状況／情勢 of which I have 特に pointed out in my letter to Lord Sydney, and which I shall recapitulate in this, as the ship by which I now 令状 may arrive before either of those that have my despatches on board.
The 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 has about four acres of land in cultivation. I have from eight to ten in wheat and barley. The officers will be able to raise 十分な to support the little live 在庫／株 they have, and which is all that can be 推定する／予想するd from them. All the corn raised this year and the next will be saved for seed, and if necessity should 強いる us to use it, it would be only a few days' support for the 植民地; and from the ネズミs and other vermin the 刈るs are very uncertain.
This country is 支配する to very 激しい 嵐／襲撃するs of 雷鳴 and 雷, several trees having been 始める，決める on 解雇する／砲火／射撃, and some sheep and dogs killed in the （軍の）野営地，陣営 since we landed.
All the 準備／条項s we have to depend on until 供給（する）s arrive from England are in two 木造の buildings which are thatched. I am sensible of the 危険 but have no 治療（薬）.
The greatest part of the 在庫／株 brought from the Cape is dead, and from the inattention of the men who had the care of the cattle, those belonging to 政府 and two cows belonging to myself are lost. As they have been 行方不明の three weeks, it is probable they are killed by the natives. All my sheep are dead and a few only remain of those 購入（する）d for 政府. The loss of two cows and four bulls 落ちるs very 激しい. The horses do very 井戸／弁護士席.
With 尊敬（する）・点 to any 資源s that the Cape of Good Hope might afford, I have only to 観察する that the strong westerly 勝利，勝つd that 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd all the year between the Cape and the southern extremity of this country would （判決などを）下す a passage to the Cape very tedious if 試みる／企てるd to the southward, and little いっそう少なく so if ships go to the northward. Batavia and our own 解決／入植地s are at a 広大な／多数の／重要な distance; and when the 輸送（する）s are sailed I shall have only the Sirius to 雇う on a service of this 肉親，親類d; and as I should not think myself at liberty to send either to the Cape or the East Indies unless in a 事例／患者 of the greatest necessity, it would in all probability then be too late. I について言及する these circumstances just to show the real 状況／情勢 of the 植民地, and I make no 疑問 but that 供給（する）s will arrive in time, and on which alone I depend. The 準備／条項s sent to support this 植民地 for two years 存在 put on board three ships, was running a very 広大な／多数の／重要な 危険, for had they separated and afterwards been lost the consequence is obvious, for this country at 現在の does not furnish the smallest 資源 except in fish, and which has lately been so 不十分な that the natives find 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty in supporting themselves. Any 事故 of this 肉親，親類d will be guarded against, of course; and 兵士s or 罪人／有罪を宣告するs when sent out will be put on board the ships with 準備／条項s to serve them for two years after they land; and in our 現在の 状況／情勢 I hope few 罪人／有罪を宣告するs will be sent out for one year at least, except carpenters, masons, and bricklayers, or 農業者s, who can support themselves and 補助装置 in supporting others. Numbers of those now here are a burthen and incapable of any 肉親，親類d of hard 労働, and, unfortunately, we have not proper people to keep those to their 労働 who are 有能な of 存在 made useful.
Officers 拒絶する／低下する the least 干渉，妨害 with the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, unless when they are すぐに 雇うd for their (the officers) own conveniency or when they are called out at the 長，率いる of their men; the 説 of a few words to encourage the diligent when they saw them at work, and the pointing out the idle when they could do it without going out of their way, was all that was 願望（する）d. The 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were then 雇うd in （疑いを）晴らすing the ground on which the officers were 野営するd, and this they 辞退するd; they did not suppose they were sent out to do more than 守備隊 義務, and these gentlemen (that is, the 大多数 of the officers) think the 存在 強いるd to sit as members of the 犯罪の 法廷，裁判所 an hardship, and for which they are not paid, and likely think themselves hardly dealt by, in that 政府 had not 決定するd what lands were to be given to them. But I 推定する an 付加 軍隊 will be sent out when the necessity of making detachments ーするために cultivate lands in the more open country is known, and from four to six hundred men, will, I think, be 絶対 necessary.
If fifty 農業者s were sent out with their families they would do more in one year in （判決などを）下すing this 植民地 独立した・無所属 of the mother country as to 準備／条項s than a thousand 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. There is some （疑いを）晴らす land which is ーするつもりであるd to be cultivated, at some distance from the （軍の）野営地，陣営, and I ーするつもりであるd to send out 罪人／有罪を宣告するs for that 目的, under the direction of a person that was going to India in the Charlotte, 輸送（する）, but who remained to settle in this country, and has been brought up a 農業者, but several of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs (three) have been lately killed by the natives, and I have been 強いるd to defer it until a detachment can be made.
The natives are far more 非常に／多数の than they were supposed to be. I think they cannot be いっそう少なく than fifteen hundred in Botany Bay, Port Jackson, and Broken Bay, 含むing the 中間の coast. I have traced thirty miles inland, and the having lately seen smoke on Lansdown Hills, which are fifty miles inland, I think leaves no 疑問 but there are inhabitants in the 内部の parts of the country.
名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）s of what articles are most 手配中の，お尋ね者 will be sent by the Commissary, and I am very sorry to say that not only a 広大な／多数の／重要な part of the 着せる／賦与するing, 特に the women's, is very bad, but most of the axes, spades, and shovels the worst that ever were seen. The 準備／条項 is as good. Of the seeds and corn sent from England part has been destroyed by the weevil; the 残り／休憩（する） is in very good order.
The person I have 任命するd Provost-保安官 is likewise very useful in superintending the carpentry; the person sent out by the 請負業者, who 補助装置s the Commissary in the 配達／演説／出産 of 準備／条項s, one that was clerk of the Sirius, a master smith, and two 農業者s, are very useful people, and I beg leave to recommend them to 政府. The 認めるing them lands would draw their attention from their 現在の 占領／職業s.
A 罪人／有罪を宣告する who fled to the 支持を得ようと努めるd after committing a 強盗 returned after 存在 absent eighteen days, 軍隊d in by hunger; he had got some small support from the people, and the few fish left by 事故 on the beach after 運ぶ／漁獲高ing the seine, and had endeavoured to live amongst the natives, but they could but give him but little 援助; he says they are now 大いに 苦しめるd for food, and that he saw several dying with hunger. It is possible that some of the natives at this time of year might find it easier to support themselves on birds and such animals as 避難所 themselves in the hollow trees, than on fish; but then, I think, they would not go to the 最高の，を越す of the mountains, where at 現在の it must be very 冷淡な. I ーするつもりである going to Lansdown or Carmarthen Hills as soon as the 天候 許すs, if it is possible, and which will explain what is at 現在の a mystery to me—how people who have not the least idea of cultivation can 持続する themselves in the 内部の part of this country. When I went to the 西方の, in hopes of 存在 able to reach the mountains, we carried six days' 準備／条項s, and proceeded five days to the 西方の; returning we were very short of 準備／条項s, and our guns only procured us two scanty meals.
I shall 結論する with 説 that I have no 疑問 but that the country will hereafter 証明する a most 価値のある 取得／買収 to 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain, though at 現在の no country can afford いっそう少なく support to the first 植民／開拓者s, or be more disadvantageously placed for receiving support from the mother country, on which it must for a time depend. It will 要求する patience and perseverance, neither of which will, I hope, be wanting on the part of
Dear Sir,
Yours, etc.
A. PHILLIP.
After four years of strenuous 労働 Phillip was 軍隊d to leave the work he had so 井戸／弁護士席 begun.
GOVERNOR PHILLIP TO LORD GRENVILLE
Sydney, 21st November, 1791.
My Lord,
I am honoured with your Lordship's letter of the 19th of February in answer to 地雷 to Lord Sydney, and beg leave to 保証する your Lordship that I should not hesitate a moment in giving up my 私的な 事件／事情／状勢s to the public service; but from a （民事の）告訴 which so very frequently puts it out of my 力／強力にする to use that 演習 which my 状況／情勢 要求するs and the 現在の 明言する／公表する of this 植民地, in which I believe every 疑問 尊敬（する）・点ing its 未来 independency as to the necessaries of life is fully done away, I am induced to request 許可 to 辞職する the 政府, that I may return to England in hopes of finding that 救済 which this country does not afford.
I have, etc.
A. PHILLIP.
Source.—Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia. Vol. I, p. 122; Vol. II, pp. 573-576
The New South むちの跡s 軍団 was a 団体／死体 of 兵士s 強制的に 新採用するd to guard the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs at Port Jackson. The 兵士s quickly passed from いじめ（る）ing the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs to いじめ（る）ing the 解放する／自由な 全住民, and assumed a high-手渡すd 態度 に向かって the 知事 himself.
THE RIGHT HON. W.W. GRENVILLE TO GOVERNOR PHILLIP
Whitehall, 19th June 1789.
Sir,
The discontents which have 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd in the 海洋 detachment, and the 願望（する） 表明するd by most of the officers and men to return home as soon as they shall have 成し遂げるd the 小旅行する of 義務 they had undertaken, have led to the making 手はず／準備 for relieving them. With that 見解（をとる） His Majesty has ordered a 軍団 to be raised for that particular service, consisting of three hundred 階級 and とじ込み／提出する and a suitable number of officers under a Major-Commandant. This 軍団 is ordered to be in 準備完了 for embarkation on the 1st of October next, and will, it is 推定する／予想するd, soon after that time proceed upon the voyage.
GRENVILLE TO PHILLIP
Dec. 24th, 1789.
The 軍団 which I before 知らせるd you was to be raised to serve within your 政府, instead of the 海洋s now doing 義務 there, has been 完全にする for some time past. A detachment from it, consisting of about 100 officers and men, has been put on board the 罪人／有罪を宣告する ships for their greater 安全 against 試みる／企てるs which the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs might meditate, and the 残りの人，物, under the 命令（する） of Major Grose, 量ing as you will see by the enclosed 設立 to 上向きs of 200 more, will, I 推定する／予想する, 乗る，着手する at Portsmouth on board His Majesty's ship the Gorgon, in the course of a few days.
GOVERNOR HUNTER TO THE DUKE OF PORTLAND
Sydney, New South むちの跡s,
10th Aug., 1796.
My Lord,
Having occasion in my letter, No. 9. by the ship Marquis Cornwallis, to notice very 特に a paragraph in your Grace's letter of the 10th of June, 1795, which 関係のある to the 行為／行う of the 軍の serving upon Norfolk Island in 1794, and which gave me occasion to について言及する 類似の 乱暴／暴力を加える having been committed by the 兵士s here since my arrival, I 示す in that letter that I thought it might be 妥当でない in me to 抑える or keep from your Grace's knowledge that 乱暴／暴力を加える, and that it should be communicated at a 未来 適切な時期. I therefore enclose for your Grace's （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） a paper, No. 1, 含む／封じ込めるing the particulars, 明言する／公表するd in as 簡潔な／要約する a manner as possible. I forbear, my Lord, to make any 観察s upon this violent and 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の 行為／行う on the part of the 兵士s. I 送信する／伝染させる only a 声明 of the facts, leaving your Grace wholly uninfluenced by anything I might have occasion to 発言／述べる upon so daring a 違反 of the peace and order of the 解決／入植地, 同様に as in 反抗 of those 法律s by which that peace is to be 保存するd.
But as an alteration in the ration had at that time been ordered, I think it necessary to 観察する that their temper at the moment was so violent that they 前向きに／確かに 辞退するd to take it unless they were served all flour, instead of part flour and part corn, a 願望（する） which could not be 従うd with without manifest 不正 to others, and also 主張するd upon 存在 paid short-allowance money for the time they were on short ration, which they say 知事 Phillip had 約束d them. This last 需要・要求する I must request your Grace's 指示／教授／教育s upon.
The paper No. 2 is the Public Order which I gave out すぐに after the 乱暴／暴力を加える; No. 3 is a copy of my letter to the 命令（する）ing officer of the 軍団 upon that occasion; and No. 4 is a paper which was ーするつもりであるd to 静かな the minds of the inhabitants of the 解決／入植地, who might 自然に (if no steps were taken to punish the 違反者／犯罪者s in this 事例／患者, nor any particular notice be taken of the offence committed by them) conceive themselves 支配する to such 暴力／激しさ and 圧迫 from the 軍の whenever any 兵士 might think fit to take offence at them. These papers are all which I think it necessary to trouble your Grace with upon this occasion, as the facts will best speak for themselves, and 妨げる the 可能性 of a conjecture that any 不公平な 代表 could have been ーするつもりであるd.
I should feel myself deficient in that 義務 which I 借りがある to His Majesty's service in this part of the world were I not to take a liberty which I have no 推論する／理由 to believe your Grace will be 感情を害する／違反するd at—I mean, in 発言／述べるing that the manner in which this 軍団 has, since 雇うd upon this service, been 新採用するd, does in a 広大な／多数の／重要な 手段 弱める the 影響 or service which we would 推定する／予想する to derive from the 援助 of the 軍の. 兵士s from the Savoy, and other characters who have been considered as disgraceful to every other 連隊 in His Majesty's service, have been thought fit and proper 新採用するs for the New South むちの跡s 軍団, which, in my humble opinion, my Lord, should have been composed of the very best and most 整然とした dispositions. They are sent here to guard and keep in obedience to the 法律s when 軍隊 may be requisite, a 始める，決める of the worst, the most atrocious characters that ever 不名誉d human nature; and yet we find amongst those 保護（する）／緊急輸入制限s men 有能な of corrupting the heart of the best 性質の／したい気がして, and often superior in every 種類 of infamy to the most 専門家 in wickedness amongst the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. Our 蓄える／店s, 準備／条項s, and granaries must be intrusted to the care of these men; what 安全 can we have in the 手渡すs of such people? 非，不，無, my Lord. Your Grace will see the impropriety of such 新採用するs 存在 sent to this country, and mixed with a 軍団 who have the care of our most 価値のある 関心s. Not to 拘留する your Grace, I will beg 許可 to 観察する that a 軍団 of 軍の to be 永久的に 設立するd for the service of this 植民地, to which the dregs and 辞退する of our native country are directed by its 法律s to be sent as a 罰, cannot be …に出席するd with that advantage which may have been 推定する／予想するd from it.
This, I 自白する, my Lord, to be my opinion, and for this 推論する／理由, that they will make 関係s with 悪名高い characters here, whatever attention may be paid by their officers to 妨げる it; by this means they will in time be corrupted and （判決などを）下すd unfit people for the 信用 which we must repose in them. It might probably be thought expensive to relieve them as other 守備隊s, once in three, four, or five years; but I cannot help believing, my Lord, that the service would be much 利益d by such a 手段; and two forty-four-gun ships 武装した en flute sailing at a proper season would 完全にする the 救済, and return in from twelve to fourteen months, frequently いっそう少なく. The expense …に出席するing this 手段 will probably be an 反対; but, my Lord, although the saving to be made by it may appear too remote to 長所 即座の notice, yet I am 納得させるd it would 最終的に 証明する a saving, and no inconsiderable one.
I have, etc.,
JNO. HUNTER.
(Enclosure No. 1)
STATEMENT OF THE CASE OF JOHN BAUGHAN
John Baughan who officiates as foreman of the carpenters working at Sydney, and a 私的な 兵士 of the New South むちの跡s 軍団, of the same profession, had some 論争 when 以前は working together on an occasion when Baughan had the direction. This 論争, it appeared, had not 沈下するd in the mind of the 兵士, and probably was not wholly forgot by the other. It, however, was more 目だつ in the 兵士, from the に引き続いて circumstance:—One day when sentinel over a storehouse, knowing that Baughan was at work in a house some distance from his 地位，任命する, he 始める，決める his 武器 負かす／撃墜する against the 塀で囲む of the 蓄える／店, and seeing a man whom he knew, standing on the outside of the building in which Baughan was at work, entered into a conversation with him, of which Baughan was the 支配する, and in which much 乱用 was bestowed which it was meant that he, Baughan, should hear. Baughan went out at the 支援する door unperceived, and seeing the 兵士 without his 武器, went to his 地位，任命する, where he 設立する the musquet, which he took up and carried to the guardhouse and 配達するd to the sergeant of the guard. The 兵士 was, of course, taken notice of and relieved, 存在 without his 武器. The next day, 5th February, at half-past nine o'clock in the forenoon the whole of the 軍団 off 義務 at this place 組み立てる／集結するd, and in the most public and tumultuous manner proceeded to the dwelling of John Baughan, broke open his gates, doors and windows, entered his house, chopped the corner-地位，任命するs of it, broke his bedsteads and bedding, 議長，司会を務めるs, window-でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるs, drawers, chests, and, in short, 完全に 破壊するd everything within his 所有／入手 to a かなりの 量, for the man had by 広大な／多数の／重要な 労働 and 産業 built himself a neat house and had it 井戸／弁護士席 furnished.
Upon their first approach, having had a few minutes' notice, he 武装した himself with a 負担d gun and defended himself by 脅しs for some time, but their numbers were so many that they surrounded his paling which enclosed the house, which some tore 負かす／撃墜する, and entered on the opposite 味方する to that which he endeavoured to defend, （機の）カム behind him, 安全な・保証するd and threw him 負かす／撃墜する with his 直面する to the ground, whilst one held an axe over his neck, and swore if he 申し込む／申し出d to 動かす, he would chop the 長，率いる from his 団体／死体. During the time he remained in this 状況／情勢 they 完全にするd the 廃虚 of his whole 所有物／資産／財産, to the very 広大な／多数の／重要な terror of the man's wife, after which they went off 元気づける, as if something meritorious had been 影響d, and marched in a 団体／死体 across the parade before their 命令（する）ing officer's house.
After so daring an attack in the open day, upon the dwelling-house of an inhabitant, and in direct 反抗 of all 法律, civil or 軍の, they could only be considered as in a 明言する／公表する of 反乱（を起こす）. I すぐに 問題／発行するd in Public Orders the papers No. 2.
(Enclosure No. 2)
GOVERNMENT AND GENERAL ORDER
5th Feb., 1796.
仮釈放（する）—Milbrook.
Countersign—Cawsand.
The very riotous manner in which the 兵士s have 行為／行うd themselves this morning, and the very unwarrantable liberty they have thought proper to take in destroying the dwelling-house of John Baughan, is so 極悪の a 罪，犯罪 against the 法律s 設立するd in this 植民地 that nothing but the want of proof to 立証する who the 主要な／長／主犯 actors in this disgraceful 商売／仕事 were, could かもしれない 妨げる their 存在 すぐに tried for so glaring an offence against the peace of the 植民地.
The 知事 thinks it necessary to 保証する the 兵士s that he considers their 行為／行う upon this occasion to have been disgraceful to the character of a British 兵士, and that he did hope to have 設立する men amongst them who would have had pride enough to have stood 今後 and have pointed out the ringleaders of so mutinous a 行為／行う, for in no other light can it be considered than that of 反乱（を起こす） when the 軍の 組み立てる／集結する in such numbers unknown to their officers, who are at all times ready to listen to any （民事の）告訴s they may have to make, and to see that agreeable to ありふれた 司法（官） they are 是正するd. If the 兵士s 推定する／予想する that the 知事 or any of the officers in this 解決／入植地 can hereafter consider them as hereafter 長所ing the honourable 呼称 of British 軍隊／機動隊s, it must be by their bringing 今後 the ringleaders or 助言者s of this disgraceful 行為／行う, in order that the stigma may be wiped away by such worthless characters 存在 brought to 裁判，公判 for this shameful 行為／行う.
(Enclosure No. 3)
GOVERNOR HUNTER TO CAPTAIN PATERSON
Sydney, 7th Feb. 1796.
Sir,
Since I saw you this morning I have turned in my mind the 支配する of our conversation, and I have in consequence changed my 意向 of speaking to the 兵士s myself. I see that it would be a condescension on my part which their violent and unsoldierlike 行為／行う does not する権利を与える them to from me. I stand in this 植民地 as the 長，指導者 治安判事, and the 代表者／国会議員 of our 君主; anything, therefore, that could 少なくなる me in the 注目する，もくろむ of the public would be degrading the King's 当局, which shall never 苦しむ in my person whilst I am 有能な of giving it its 十分な 力／強力にする and consequence. I never can or will listen to the （民事の）告訴s of any 始める，決める of men who feel themselves above preferring them with moderation, and a decent submission to the 法律s and 規則s of the 植民地; they must not—they shall not—dictate 法律s and 支配するs for the 政府 of this 解決／入植地; they were sent here by His Majesty to support the civil 力／強力にする in the 死刑執行 of its 機能（する）／行事s, but they seem 性質の／したい気がして to take all 法律 into their own 手渡すs, and to direct it in whatever way best may 控訴 their own 見解（をとる）s.
Their 暴力／激しさ upon the late occasion shall be laid before the King, and the 主要な／長／主犯 actors in it shall be pointedly 示すd, in order that 司法（官） the most perfect be done to everyone 関心d in it. I must 宣言する to you, sir, that the 行為／行う of this part of the New South むちの跡s 軍団 has been, in my opinion the most violent and outrageous that was ever heard of by any British 連隊 whatever, and I shall consider every step they may go さらに先に in aggravation as 反乱 against His Majesty's 政府 and 当局, of which the most 早期に notice shall be taken, and those 関心d be in 予定 time 強いるd to answer for it most probably with their lives. This is all I think it necessary to trouble you with. Their 行為／行う will be pointedly 示すd thro' all its 行う／開催する／段階s, and I will be 会社／堅い and 解決するd in such steps as it may be necessary for me to 追求する, and of this you, as their 命令（する）ing Officer, will be 嘆願s'd to 知らせる them.
I am, etc.,
JNO. HUNTER.
Source.—Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia. Vol. II, p. 128
In 1795, while 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain was at war with フラン, a 広大な／多数の／重要な 反乱 broke out in Ireland. During its 鎮圧 many of the Irish were 輸送（する）d to Port Jackson, and 原因（となる）d much trouble and disaffection の中で the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs there.
GOVERNOR HUNTER TO THE DUKE OF PORTLAND
Sydney, New South むちの跡s,
15 Feb. 1798.
My Lord Duke,
I have for some time been in 疑問 whether the 代表 I am about to make to your Grace should be 私的な or public, but on considering that it might occasion the 採択 of some 手段 利益／興味ing to the 関心s of this 植民地, I have preferred the latter 方式.
In order that your Grace should have the earliest 適切な時期 of taking into consideration the 支配する I am about to introduce, I could have wished to have been enabled to communicate it すぐに.
To come without その上の preface to the point in question, I have to 知らせる your Grace that the Irish 罪人／有罪を宣告するs are become so 騒然とした, so 不満な with their 状況／情勢 here, so 極端に insolent, refractory, and troublesome, that, without the most rigid and 厳しい 治療 it is impossible for us to receive any 労働 whatever from them. Your Grace will see the inconvenience which so large a 割合 of that ignorant, obstinate, and depraved 始める，決める of 輸送（する）s occasion in this country by what I now 明言する／公表する, and which has taken place since I wrote my letter No. 30, herewith 今後d.
In 新規加入 to their natural vicious propensities they have conceived an opinion that there is a 植民地 of white people in some part of this country in which they will receive all the 慰安s of life without the necessity of 労働. They have lately taken away two of our 産む／飼育するing 損なうs to carry them に向かって that part of the country and have made several 試みる／企てるs to 所有する themselves of others. This, my Lord, is a serious inconvenience to the 植民地. The loss of any part of our small 在庫／株 of these useful animals is a 事柄 of peculiar 関心.
A correspondence, it seems, has been carried on by these people from one 地区 to another, and 計画（する）s have been 事業／計画（する）d for their escaping from the 植民地, and a few have 試みる／企てるd by land, 同様に as by water, and for the want of our having earlier （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） they have 後継するd. I have 設立する it necessary to divide them as much as possible, to 妨げる such 計画／陰謀s 存在 formed; but by this 分離 they have a better 適切な時期 of irritating and inflaming the minds of those 罪人／有罪を宣告するs who before such 知識 have been 設立する of better disposition.
Having already について言及するd in my letter, No. 30, the escape of those who had taken away two of our boats, and the 失望 of another ギャング（団）, and 類似の 試みる／企てる, I have now to 知らせる your Grace of a far more 非常に／多数の ギャング（団）, who had 供給するd what they thought necessary for their 探検隊／遠征隊, had 直す／買収する，八百長をするd upon the place of general rendezvous, and were furnished with a paper of written 指示／教授／教育s how they were to travel in point of direction from hence to this fancied 楽園, or to 中国. This paper of directions will 令状 my 疑惑 that some wicked and disaffected person or persons lurk somewhere in this 植民地, and I have done all in my 力／強力にする to discover them, but hitherto without success. Having received 早期に （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） of the 意向 of this party, who were said to have 増加するd to about sixty, I 工場／植物d a party of 武装した constables, on whose vigilance I could depend, and they 安全な・保証するd a ギャング（団） of these Defenders of about twenty and brought them to 刑務所，拘置所. The next day I spoke to them, but 観察するing a かなりの degree of obstinacy and ignorance about them, I conceived there could be no better argument used to 納得させる them of their 不品行／姦通 than a 厳しい corporal 罰, which was （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるd, and they have since been 厳密に looked after at their work. Some of those fellows had been 供給するd with a 人物／姿／数字 of a compass drawn upon paper which, with written 指示／教授／教育s, was to have 補助装置d them as their guide. The ignorance of these deluded people, my Lord, would scarcely be credited if such 肯定的な proof of it were not before us, and yet (which seems to 暗示する a 肉親，親類d of contradiction) it is 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の with what art and cunning they form their horrible 計画（する）s of wickedness and villainy.
In their 計画／陰謀s of desertion from the 植民地, their own death, if they 後継する in getting away, is 必然的な; but their minds have been worked up to such a pitch of folly, rashness, and absurdity, that nothing but experience will 納得させる them; if we 苦しむ them to escape into the country they are lost, not only to us but to the world, for 死なせる／死ぬ they must.
For the sake, therefore, of humanity, and a strong 願望（する） to save these men, worthless as they are, from 差し迫った death, I ordered four of the strongest and hardiest of their numbers to be selected by the people themselves, and to 準備する for a 旅行 of 発見 for the satisfaction of their associates, in order that they might have an 適切な時期 of relating upon their return whatever they saw and met with. I had, さらに先に, for the safety and 保護 of those four, directed three people, long accustomed to the 支持を得ようと努めるd, and 熟知させるd with some of the mountain savages, to …を伴って them; these men had also a little knowledge of the language of the savages, from having lived some months amongst them, and they were 教えるd to lead them 支援する when, 疲労，（軍の）雑役d and exhausted with their 旅行 over 法外な and rocky mountains, through 厚い and 広範囲にわたる 支持を得ようと努めるd, and fording 深い and 早い rivers, they should feel 性質の／したい気がして to abandon their 旅行. This 計画（する） was no sooner settled than I received （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） that a party of these miscreants had agreed with the four above-について言及するd to 会合，会う them at a 確かな place 絶対 to 殺人 the very persons ーするつもりであるd to be their guides, and to 所有する themselves of their 武器 and 軍需品s and 準備／条項s, in 新規加入 to what each was 供給（する）d with, and to take their own 大勝する. These circumstances will, no 疑問, appear to your Grace wild and extravagant; but after having について言及するd their ignorance in the manner I have it may serve to 納得させる your Grace that there are 妥当でない persons in this 植民地 who work upon that ignorance to a dangerous degree. In consequence of the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） of this design against their guides, I ordered four 兵士s to …に出席する them to the foot of the first mountain with orders how to 行為／法令／行動する if any others 試みる／企てるd to join them; 非，不，無 appeared, and the whole of them returned with the 兵士s, most 完全に sick of their 旅行.
Our flocks and our 刈るs, my Lord, are all I feel any 関心 about; strict, rigid, and just 罰 shall 絶えず hang over these delinquents, and this, I 信用, they are already 納得させるd of. I hope the return of the above three, and the story they can tell, will serve to make them more contented with their 現在の lot, and open their 注目する，もくろむs to the 慰安s which in this country they may derive and enjoy, and which are certainly superior to any they ever 所有するd in their own.
Strange as such instances of human ignorance and depravity are, I have to 知らせる your Grace that a small party of those very people, some short time after, 現実に contrived to make their escape, and after travelling for many weeks through the country, made 転換 to reach the sea-coast, 近づく Botany Bay, but in a part where no boat has ever been seen. Providentially, however, a boat had lost her way in going to George's River and 設立する those unhappy deluded wretches, on a place where they had been nine days, and where they must soon have 死なせる／死ぬd but for this miraculous event. They were brought 支援する almost exhausted from want of food, and from sad and powerful 有罪の判決 have 約束d to 警告する their countrymen against such wild excursions in 未来.
I will here take an 適切な時期 of について言及するing that those men who had left a part of their 乗組員 upon an island to the southward, and had returned and taken a larger boat at Broken Bay, and had been 難破させるd upon the coast to the northward, built out of the 廃虚s of their 大型船 a small boat in which they reached the above Bay; but not 存在 able to 所有する themselves of another, fit for their 目的, were, for want of food, driven to the necessity of travelling across the country; they wrote to me, but it was impossible to listen to their feigned story; they were 武装した and carried some 外見 of an 意向 to defend themselves; they, however, 降伏するd themselves up, and were tried and severally pleaded 有罪の of the 強盗s wherewith they were 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d, and two out of the six 苦しむd death—an awful example, which, I hope, will have a proper 影響 and 妨げる such 試みる／企てるs in 未来. Several of them 保証するd me that they had seen the 難破させる of the first boat—which I について言及するd in my letter No. 30—and it is very probable the 乗組員 have 死なせる／死ぬd.
I have, etc.,
JNO. HUNTER.
Source.—Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia. Vol. VI, pp. 208-213, 240-242
As the 解放する／自由な 植民／開拓者s became 非常に／多数の and 繁栄する they became self-assertive, and the most energetic 自然に fell foul of a tactless autocrat like 知事 Bligh, who 治める／統治するd New South むちの跡s as if all were of the same status.
MAJOR JOHNSTON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH
（警察，軍隊などの）本部, Sydney, N.S.W.
11th April, 1808.
My Lord,
A 一連の almost incredible circumstances have 課すd upon me the 苦しめるing 仕事 and 責任／義務 of superseding the 当局 vested in 知事 Bligh by His Majesty's （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, and of assuming the 政府 of this 植民地 until His Majesty's 楽しみ shall be 示す, or until the arrival of an officer 権限を与えるd to relieve me in the 命令（する）.
Whenever the facts that have 影響（力）d me throughout so solemn a 処理／取引 shall be laid before my Gracious 君主, I 謙虚に 信用 His Majesty will 認可する of my 行為／行う, and that it will be 明らかな I had no 代案／選択肢 but to put 知事 Bligh in 逮捕（する） to 妨げる an insurrection of the inhabitants, and to 安全な・保証する him and the persons he confided in from 存在 大虐殺d by the incensed multitude, or, if the 知事 had escaped so dreadful an end, and 保持するd his 当局, to see His Majesty's benevolent and paternal 政府 dishonour'd by cruelties and merciless 死刑執行.
The event that I have the honour to 報告（する）／憶測 to your Lordship took place on the 26th of last January, and although such a space of time has since elapsed, I have 設立する it impossible to 準備する that arranged 詳細（に述べる）, and that connected chain of 証拠 which so uncommon a 支配する has made it my 不可欠の 義務 to 送信する／伝染させる to your Lordship.
Why I have been unable to 成し遂げる this 仕事, I shall, as I proceed, endeavour to explain, and I respectfully hope that the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） and the 証拠 which I now 提案する to 今後 will 証明する to your Lordship that 知事 Bligh has betrayed the high 信用 and 信用／信任 reposed in him by his 君主, and 行為／法令／行動するd upon a predetermined 計画（する） to subvert the 法律s of his country, to terrify and 影響（力） the 法廷，裁判所s of 司法（官）, and to （死が）奪い去る those persons who had the misfortune to be obnoxious to him, of their fortunes, their liberty, and their lives.
In the 業績／成就 of this 計画（する）, one 行為／法令／行動する of 圧迫 was 後継するd in a 進歩／革新的な course by a greater, until a general sensation of alarm and terror 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd throughout the 解決／入植地. Several inhabitants were dispossessed of their houses, and many others of respectable characters, or who had become opulent by 貿易（する）, were 脅すd with the 知事's 憤慨 if they 推定するd to build upon or 疎遠にする their own lands.
These 対策 and さまざまな other 行為／法令／行動するs of 暴力／激しさ were 事業／計画（する）d and supported by the 知事 and a junto of unprincipled men, amongst whom it was 井戸／弁護士席 known and has since been 証明するd, the 悪名高い George Crossley, sent to this 植民地 for 偽証, was the 主要な／長／主犯 person, and the one most confided in by the 知事.
Your Lordship will not be surprised that a 政府 行為／行うd by the 援助（する） of such a 大臣 should be hated and detested 同様に as 恐れるd.
All the inhabitants who were a little 前進するd in their circumstances beyond the ありふれた 集まり dreaded the approach of the moment when their turn would come to be sacrificed to the avarice, the 憤慨, or the fury of the 知事 and his friends.
But whilst they were trembling with 逮捕 for their own safety, the 注目する，もくろむs of the whole were suddenly turned from the contemplation of the general danger to that of Mr. Macarthur, a gentleman who was many years an officer in the New South むちの跡s 軍団, and who now 所有するs a large 所有物／資産／財産 in this Country.
The extent of Mr. Macarthur's 広い地所, the number of his flocks and herds, it had been long seen, had made him 極端に obnoxious to Gov'r Bligh. Mr. Macarthur, sensible how much he had to dread from the ill-will of an officer of the Gov'r's 井戸／弁護士席-known character, endeavoured to 供給する for his 安全 by the most scrupulous circumspection and prudence of 行為／行う. Secluded in a 深遠な 退職 on his 広い地所, and unceasingly engaged in its 管理／経営 and the care and education of his children, his 指名する was never heard of in any public 商売／仕事; but neither 警告を与える nor prudence could long 保護物，者 him from the 敵意を持った spirit of the 知事. The attack was first 開始するd upon his 評判, and 終結させるd in the 監禁，拘置 of his person in the ありふれた Gaol.
After a variety of introductory 対策, which your Lordship will find 詳細（に述べる）d in the copy of the 訴訟／進行s of a 法廷，裁判所 of 犯罪の Judicature, to which I shall hereafter 言及する, Mr. Macarthur 降伏するd as a 囚人 at its 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 on the 25th of last January, 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d with two separate misdemeanours. When the members of the 法廷，裁判所 had been sworn in, and they were 訴訟／進行 to 断言する in Richard Atkins, Esq., the 裁判官-支持する, Mr. Macarthur 現在のd a 抗議する, in which he 勧めるd a variety of 反対s against that officer's 統括するing at his 裁判，公判. Mr. Atkins endeavoured to 勝つ／広く一帯に広がる upon the 法廷，裁判所 not to receive or hear the 抗議する read; but the members 存在 of opinion it せねばならない be heard, directed Mr. Macarthur to proceed. The 裁判官-支持する then retired from his 議長，司会を務める and waited until Mr. Macarthur had read the 抗議する. When that was done he 前進するd again, and 宣言するd Mr. Macarthur should be すぐに committed to Gaol.
The 法廷，裁判所 then 干渉するd on に代わって of Mr. Macarthur, and after a long altercation the 裁判官-支持する retired from the 法廷，裁判所-House, leaving behind him his papers.
These were すぐに taken 所有／入手 of and 診察するd by the Members, and those papers led to a 発見 that the whole 計画（する） of the 裁判，公判 had been arranged, and every question 用意が出来ている that was to be asked the 証拠 of the 起訴 by the 悪名高い Crossley.
A very awful impression was made upon the minds of the inhabitants, as I have been 知らせるd, when they saw Mr. Macarthur taken to the gaol; many respectable persons 急いでd to him; and when the 法廷，裁判所 組み立てる／集結するd at 10 o'clock his two 社債s men 現在のd a copy of the 令状 for his 逮捕 and a deposition from themselves.
The 法廷，裁判所 直接／まっすぐに wrote to the 知事 a letter expressive of their 関心 and praying Mr. Macarthur might be 回復するd to his 保釈（金）. To this letter no answer was given, and the 法廷，裁判所 having waited till 3 o'clock 延期，休会するd.
When it was known that the 法廷，裁判所 had broken up without having procured Mr. Macarthur's enlargement, the agitation of the town became 大いに 増加するd, and （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） was brought to me at four o'clock by Mr. Harris, 外科医 of the New South むちの跡s 軍団, that an insurrection of the Inhabitants was to be 恐れるd. In a few minutes after I had received this 知能 a Dragoon arrived with a letter from the 知事, in which I was 知らせるd that six of the officers of the New South むちの跡s 軍団 had been 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d with treasonable practices, and were 召喚するd to appear before the 知事 and the 治安判事s at nine o'clock the next morning. I すぐに 始める，決める off in a carriage to the Town.
On my arrival at the 兵舎 I saw all the Civil and 軍の Officers collected, and the most respectable inhabitants in conversation with them. The ありふれた people were also to be seen in さまざまな groups in every street murmuring and loudly complaining, whilst others were watching the movements of Crossley and the 治安判事s who frequently passed from the 裁判官 支持する's to the 政府 House. At this moment it was also known that the 知事 was shut up in 会議 with the depraved and desperate Crossley, Mr. Palmer, the Commissary, Mr. Campbell, a Merchant, and Mr. Arndell (the latter three, 治安判事s) and that Mr. 血の塊／突き刺す (the Provost-保安官) and Mr. Fulton (the Chaplain) were also at 政府 House, all ready to 許可／制裁 whatever Crossley 提案するd or the 知事 ordered.
The gentlemen who had 組み立てる／集結するd on my arrival 真面目に entreated me to 可決する・採択する 決定的な 対策 for the safety of the inhabitants and to 追い散らす the 広大な／多数の／重要な alarm, as it was understood throughout the town that the Members of the 法廷，裁判所 of 犯罪の Judicature would be thrown into Gaol; and it was 推定する／予想するd after such a 手段 nothing could 限界 the 超過 of the 知事's cruelties; the gentlemen also 温かく 勧めるd me to 保釈（金） Mr. Macarthur, so that he might 協議する with them on the 対策 most proper to recommend at so 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の a 危機.
As I had no 疑問 of the illegality of Mr. Macarthur's confinement, I felt no difficulty in acceding to the request, and Mr. Macarthur 存在 解放（する）d from the Gaol 直接／まっすぐに joined the 議会 of Officers and inhabitants who were then at the 兵舎.
In a short time after, a letter was 現在のd to me imploring me 即時に to put 知事 Bligh in 逮捕（する）, and to assume the 命令（する） of the 植民地. This letter was also 認可するd of by all the Officers of the 軍団 現在の at 長，率いる-４半期/4分の1s; and as the events I had myself 証言，証人／目撃するd left me no 原因（となる） to 疑問 the propriety and necessity of 従うing with this requisition, I すぐに ordered the 軍団 under 武器, and directed four Officers to proceed to 政府 House and 召喚する 知事 Bligh to 辞職する his 当局. The 軍団 quickly followed, …に出席するd by the Civil Officers and a かなりの number of respectable inhabitants.
The four officers who had carried the 召喚するs met me at the 知事's door and 報告（する）／憶測d that he was nowhere to be 設立する, nor any （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） to be 得るd of him, although the strongest 保証／確信s had been given that his person should be 厳密に guarded from 侮辱 or 暴力／激しさ.
After a rigid search the 知事, however, was at last discovered, in a 状況／情勢 too disgraceful to be について言及するd, and which I solemnly 宣言する to your Lordship would have been most gratifying to my feelings had it been possible to have 隠すd from the public. As soon as 知事 Bligh made his 外見, I 保証するd him of his personal safety and of every attention in my 力／強力にする to 申し込む／申し出 him.
Whilst the search was making for 知事 Bligh I was entreated by the Civil Officers and the Inhabitants to 布告する 戦争の 法律, and this request 会合 my approbation, 戦争の 法律 was 即時に 布告するd and continued in 軍隊 until the next day. As not a 選び出す／独身 行為／法令／行動する of disorder or 不正行為 was committed during the 利益／興味ing scene that I have had the honour to 述べる to your Lordship, and as the most perfect peace and tranquillity were 回復するd throughout the whole 解決／入植地 I published a 布告／宣言 the next morning, 取り消すing the order of the 先行する evening and 回復するing the Civil 政府.
I ordered the 法廷，裁判所 of 犯罪の Judicature to 組み立てる／集結する that Mr. Macarthur might be arraigned on the 起訴，告発 that was 設立する amongst the 裁判官-支持する's papers, and that the 裁判，公判 might proceed on the 計画（する） Crossley had 示唆するd to 安全な・保証する his 有罪の判決. The 証拠s were 診察するd in the order Crossley had 定める／命ずるd, and every question asked that he had 以前 dictated. Your Lordship will discover from the copy of the 裁判，公判 that Mr. Macarthur was acquitted without 存在 put on his defence, and that a 完全にする 公表，暴露 was made of the 計画（する）s which had been deliberately formed for the 廃虚 and 破壊 of that gentleman.
I respectfully 信用 this 裁判，公判 and the 自白s of the 治安判事s and other confidential persons will 納得させる your Lordship of the 有罪の 意向s of 知事 Bligh, and how little he regarded the sacred personage whom he 代表するd by 苦しむing himself to be guided by a wretch like that man Crossley to 迫害する and 抑圧する His Majesty's 支配するs.
I am now, my Lord, arrived at the most painful part of my 仕事—an explanation of the 原因（となる）s that have 妨げるd me from 準備するing a better arranged 声明 of the 処理／取引s in which I have been engaged; and it is with 深い 関心 I find myself 強いるd to 報告（する）／憶測 to your Lordship that the 対立 from those persons from whom I had most 推論する／理由 to 推定する／予想する support has been one of the 主要な／長／主犯 障害s I have had to 遭遇（する）.
When the officers and inhabitants 設立する themselves relieved from the 圧迫s of 知事 Bligh, the general joy that was felt 陳列する，発揮するd itself in rejoicings, bonfires, 照明s, and in a manifestation of the most perfect unanimity. Even the lowest class of the 囚人s were 影響（力）d by the same 感情s, and for a short time abandoned their habits of plundering. The contemplation of this happy scene more than repaid me for the 増加する of care, 疲労，（軍の）雑役, and 責任／義務 to which I had submitted for the public 利益; but the unanimity in which I felt so much 楽しみ I quickly discovered was not to be 保存するd without a sacrifice of His Majesty's 利益／興味s, and a 出発 from the 規則s that have been made to check the 輸入 of Spirituous アルコール飲料s into the 植民地.
I shall no longer obtrude upon your Lordship on this occasion than to solicit that whenever the 代表 of what has taken place here shall be communicated to my Gracious 君主, your Lordship will have the goodness to 申し込む／申し出 my humble 保証／確信s that I have sacrificed comparative 緩和する, and have taken upon myself so 広大な／多数の／重要な a 責任／義務 rather than 服従させる／提出する to be a 証言，証人／目撃する of His Majesty's sacred 指名する 存在 profaned and dishonoured by 行為s of 不正 and 暴力／激しさ.
I have, etc.,
GEO. JOHNSTON.
PROCLAMATION
GEORGE JOHNSTON
The Public Peace 存在 happily and, I 信用 in Almighty God, 永久的に 設立するd I hereby 布告する the 停止 of 戦争の 法律. I have this day 任命するd 治安判事s and other Public Functionaries from amongst the most respectable officers and inhabitants, which will, I hope, 安全な・保証する the impartial 行政 of 司法（官）, によれば the 法律s of England, as 安全な・保証するd to us by the 特許 of Our Most Gracious 君主.
Words cannot too 堅固に 伝える my approbation of the behaviour of the whole 団体／死体 of the People on the late memorable Event. By their manly, 会社／堅い and 整然とした 行為／行う they have shown themselves deserving of that 保護 which I have felt it was my 義務 to give them, And which I 疑問 not they will continue to 長所.
In 未来 no man shall have just 原因（となる） to complain of 暴力／激しさ, 不正 or 圧迫; No 解放する／自由な Man shall be taken, 拘留するd, or 奪うd of his Home, Land or Liberty, but by the 法律; 司法（官） shall be impartially 治めるd without regard to or 尊敬（する）・点 of persons; and every man shall enjoy the fruits of his 産業 in 安全.
SOLDIERS!
Your 行為／行う has endeared you to every 井戸／弁護士席-性質の／したい気がして inhabitant in this 解決／入植地, Persevere in the same honourable path And you will 設立する the credit of the New South むちの跡s 軍団 on a basis not to be shaken.
God Save the King.
By 命令（する） of His Honour the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事.
(調印するd) NICHOLAS BAYLY,
長官.
長，率いる-４半期/4分の1s, Sydney, 27th January, 1808.
MR. NICHOLAS BAYLY TO GOVERNOR BLIGH
Sydney, 28th January, 1808.
I am directed by His Honour the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 to 熟知させる you that the late 治安判事s and other persons (who it is 証明するd you were in the habit of 協議するing) have been 診察するd on 誓い before 委員会s 構成するd under the 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事's 当局; that from the 自白s of those Persons it appears that you have been 事実上の／代理 upon a settled 計画（する） to subvert the 法律s, to terrify and 影響（力） the 法廷，裁判所s of 司法（官）, and to 奪う every person who had the misfortune to be obnoxious to you of their 所有物／資産／財産, Liberty, and Lives. The 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事 feeling that an offence of such magnitude must be 生産力のある of the most serious consequences, is impelled by 感情s of Humanity to give you this 早期に notice that you may consider and 本気で 反映する on the 対策 which may be necessary for your Justification.
His Honour has その上の directed me to 保証する you that as soon as the examinations are 完全にする, you shall be furnished with a Copy, and that, if you think proper, all the 証拠s shall be re-診察するd in your presence, and be directed to answer any questions you like to 提案する to them. His Honour has also 願望（する）d me to 保証する you that it will give him the greatest satisfaction to 与える／捧げる by every means in his 力／強力にする to the Alleviation of the 苦しめる of your 現在の 状況／情勢, and to the 慰安 and accommodation of you and your family.
NICHOLAS BAYLY,
長官.
The British 政府 called the 長，指導者 actors in the 反乱（を起こす） before a （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 of 調査. Johnston was 解任するd from the army; MacArthur was forbidden to return to New South むちの跡s for eight years; and Bligh was made a 副／悪徳行為-海軍大将.
Source.—Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia. Vol. V, pp. 510 and 566
The wool 産業 in Australia was 設立するd by John MacArthur. Once 設立するd, the flocks 増加するd 速く in numbers and 質, and as it became possible to 輸出（する） wool, its 製造（する） was 刺激するd in the older countries. The 年次の value of Australia's wool 輸出（する） is now over &続けざまに猛撃する;26,000,000.
GOVERNOR KING TO EARL CAMDEN
Sydney, N.S.W., 20th July, 1805.
My Lord,
By Mr. MacArthur, who arrived the 9th Ult'o, I had the honour of receiving your Lordship's Letters 時代遅れの as per 利ざや.
It will be my 義務 and 利益／興味 to 支払う／賃金 the strictest attention to His Majesty's 命令（する）s and your Lordship's wishes in every point that can 前進する the 増加する and 改良 of the 産む／飼育する of sheep for which a better 創立／基礎 could not be laid, or the Success more 確実にするd, than the 進歩／革新的な 増加する of the 在庫／株 throughout the 植民地. Mr. MacArthur 所有するs at least a third of the Numbers, a かなりの part of which were 報告（する）／憶測d at the last 召集（する） to 耐える Wool of the finest 肉親，親類d, and the 残り／休憩（する）, 同様に as the other flocks, are continually 改善するing from the hairy Coverings of the 初めの 産む／飼育する to wool of different 質s, principally 借りがあるing to the introduction of a few Spanish 押し通すs some years ago.
Soon after Mr. MacArthur's arrival we conversed together 尊敬（する）・点ing the 反対するs of his laudable and, I hope, successful 追跡s for the general 利益 of the 植民地, 同様に as for that of his Family, which he now regards as 大（公）使館員d to the 国／地域. His having bought a Ship to be 雇うd in the 鯨 漁業, I consider an 反対する 平等に laudable and 有益な, 排除的 of his 存在 able to 輸出（する） the Wool of his 増加するing 産む／飼育する to England once in Eighteen Months or Two Years, and returning with Articles of use and 慰安 to sell the Inhabitants. Nor ought I to 疑問 from his 保証／確信s, that every 推定する／予想するd 利益 may be derived from his exertions, as he is certainly very equal to 行為／行う and 促進する the 反対する he has so 真面目に and, I hope, 首尾よく 乗る，着手するd in. To 達成する which he does and will 所有する every 地元の advantage that a good 在庫／株 to begin with, a good 気候, and 罰金 natural pastorage can 申し込む／申し出.
Taking your Lordship's Letter No. 18 as a data, 尊敬（する）・点ing the Land to be 位置を示すd to Mr. MacArthur, wherein you do me the honour to signify His Majesty's 命令（する）s that "I will have a proper 認める of Lands, fit for the pasture of sheep, 伝えるd to the said John MacArthur Esquire, in perpetuity, with the usual reserve of やめる-Rents to the 栄冠を与える, 含む／封じ込めるing not いっそう少なく than Five Thousand Acres," and Your Lordship having noticed that "It will be impossible for Mr. MacArthur to 追求する this 計画（する） unless he shall be indulged with a reasonable number of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs (which he 明言する／公表するs to be not いっそう少なく than thirty) for the 目的 of …に出席するing his sheep, and that as Mr. MacArthur will take upon himself the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s of 持続するing these 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, a saving will accrue to 政府; and that you 疑問 not I will 供給する him with such as shall appear as most suitable to his 反対するs."
ーするために 促進する Mr. MacArthur's 反対する of 輸出（する）ing 罰金 Wool to England, I have directed One hundred of the finest woolled Ewes from 政府 在庫／株 to be chosen for this gentleman to 追加する to his own, for which he is to 支払う／賃金 穀物 into the 蓄える／店s at the 率 of Two 続けざまに猛撃するs 英貨の／純銀の for each Ewe. As I do not consider it an 反対する for 政府 to 干渉する in this 追跡, Seeing that the greatest exertions will be made by Mr. MacArthur, And notwithstanding every attention has been paid to 改善する the Fleeces of 政府 Sheep, Yet that 在庫／株 will always be a reserve for 供給（する）ing 現在の and 未来 植民／開拓者s with 割合s thereof, which will at once save the Necessity of 購入（する）ing to 供給（する） New 植民／開拓者s who have （人命などを）奪う，主張するs, and 保存する a residue for those deserving characters who may be 許すd the advantage of 交流ing 穀物 for Ewes, agreeable to my Lord Hobart's Acquiescence with my 提案 on that 支配する.
The number of Male 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 割り当てるd to Mr. MacArthur for the Care of his 在庫／株, etc., previous to his return, was Sixteen; Since then they have been 増加するd to Thirty, 排除的 of those 雇うd and 保持するd in his service who have served their 条件. Should Mr. MacArthur wish for an 増加する, they shall be 割り当てるd him when more arrive from England; but your Lordship will 観察する by the number and 雇用 Return that the Public 労働 絶対 necessary to be carried on, and in which 農業 on the part of the 栄冠を与える is nearly given up, will not 許す of more Men 存在 割り当てるd at 現在の until more arrive.
I have, etc.,
PHILLIP GIDLEY KING.
MACARTHUR'S OBSERVATIONS ON SHEEP-FARMING
A 報告（する）／憶測 of the 明言する／公表する of Mr. MacArthur's Flocks of Sheep, with some 観察s on the Advantages which may be 推定する／予想するd from the Growth of 罰金 Wool in New South むちの跡s.
Paramatta, N.S.W., 2nd Oct., 1805.
The 罰金 Woolled Sheep 輸入するd here from the Cape of Good Hope in the Year 1797 were said to be of the Spanish 産む／飼育する. The excellence of the fleece of these Sheep 連合させるd with the consideration of their peculiar form, 耐えるs strong 証拠 in favour of the Correctness of this 報告（する）／憶測, tho' it is impossible to say whether they 初めは sprung from the best 肉親，親類d of Sheep that is bred in Spain. Be this as it may nothing is better 設立するd than that the Wool of this 産む／飼育する of Sheep has かなり 改善するd in this 気候, and as Mr. MacArthur has had the good fortune to bring out from England Four 押し通すs and one Ewe, 購入（する）d from His Majesty's Flock of Spanish Sheep, It is to be hoped that these 価値のある animals will be the 原因（となる） of a still その上の Melioration in the 質 of our Wool. Indeed there appears no 推論する／理由 to 恐れる but that the Wool of this Country may by care and judicious 管理／経営 be placed on an equality with the very best that is grown in Spain. It has been Mr. MacArthur's invariable practice to keep the Spanish 産む／飼育する apart from all others, and as 急速な／放蕩な as Spanish 押し通すs have been 後部d they have been put の中で the coarse-woolled Ewes. The result of this system has 証明するd 極端に 満足な, his Flocks now consist of more than Five Thousand, of these Sixty are of the pure Spanish 肉親，親類d, and the whole are much 改善するd in the 質 of the Wool; he is of Opinion the best 裁判官 will be unable to discover any 構成要素 difference between the perfect and the mixed 産む／飼育する in Seven years.
With 尊敬（する）・点 to 憲法, Size, and Aptitude to fatten, he has tried all the 産む／飼育するs he could 得る in the 植民地, and he has 設立する the Spanish より勝る them all in every one of these 質s. In the 代表s that Mr. MacArthur had the honour to make in England to His Majesty's 大臣s, he 明言する／公表するd that he thought a Flock of Sheep would 二塁打 itself in Two Years and a half, longer experience induces him to think it may be done in rather いっそう少なく time; but in the 見積（る） he now 提案するs to make, he will 治める／統治する himself by the same data on which his 初めの 計算／見積りs were made, for he is desirous rather to repress too sanguine 期待s than to encourage such as may 証明する fallacious.
見積（る）ing the Sheep in New South むちの跡s at Twenty Thousand, a plain Arithmetical progression will 証明する that the 現在の 在庫／株 may 増加する in Twenty Years to Five Millions, and calculating two 続けざまに猛撃するs and a half of （疑いを）晴らす washed Wool to each Sheep, they would produce almost twice as much Wool as England now 購入（する）s from Spain at an 年次の expense of One Million Eight Hundred Thousand 続けざまに猛撃するs.
Should 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain still 要求する a much larger 供給（する）, Sheep can be easily multiplied to any Extent in the immeasurable Forest which Surrounds us.
It is difficult for the Mind to embrace all the Advantages which must flow from the Successful Progression of this 広大な／多数の／重要な 国家の 反対する; for if we 熟視する／熟考する the 進歩 of the Cotton Manufactory we shall see that at the 開始／学位授与式 of the Eighteenth Century the 量s of raw cotton 輸入するd into England did not 越える Two Millions of 続けざまに猛撃するs 負わせる. At this period it 量s to more than Twenty Millions; and altho' its price has かなり 前進するd, yet 製造（する）d Cotton Goods have fallen 十分な Two Hundred per cent. This prodigious diminution in price is attributable to no other 原因（となる） than the introduction of 機械／機構, by which the expense of 手動式の 労働 is comparatively 減ずるd to nothing.
Now, repeated 実験s have 論証するd that the same 機械／機構 is 平等に applicable to every 支店 of the Woollen Manufactory, and in truth it would long since have been 可決する・採択するd, but for the popular Clamour that thousands of Labourers would be thrown out of 雇用. "It cannot be 否定するd," say its 対抗者s, "that 機械／機構 would 減ずる the price of Woollen, as it has done that of Cotton Cloths, but the two 事例／患者s 耐える no Analogy, for when 機械／機構 was 適用するd in the 製造（する） of Cotton the 増加するd 量 of the raw 構成要素 furnished 豊富 of 雇用 in some other 支店 to those whose 労働 the Machine superseded. Make but the same 実験 in the Woollen Manufactory, and its 致命的な 影響s upon the poor will soon be felt; for as you cannot 増加する the 量 of Animal Wool now 存在 brought into the Market, any 発明 that has a 傾向 to 減らす 手動式の 労働 is, and must be, pernicious."
This 推論する／理由ing has had 広大な／多数の／重要な 負わせる on the Minds of best 知らせるd Men; but if we can by our 部隊d 成果／努力s (as assuredly we can) raise in this 植民地 any 量 of 罰金 Wool, all its 軍隊 would be at once 破壊するd. Whatever the 需要・要求するs of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain may be for that 商品／必需品, we certainly may 供給（する） it. The 全世界の／万国共通の use of 機械／機構 might then be 安全に 許可／制裁d, and the British 製造業者s would be enabled so to 減ずる the price of Woollen Cloths, as would 保証する throughout the world the most Monopoly that any people ever 所有するd. We also should 大部分は 参加する in the 利益（をあげる）s of this gainful 貿易（する） and should enjoy the pleasing なぐさみ that our 労働s were 与える／捧げるing to the Support and 繁栄 of that parent Country to whom our 負債 of 感謝 can never be paid.
JOHN MACARTHUR.
Source.—Historical 記録，記録的な／記録するs of Australia. Vol. VII, pp. 245, 580-617
A 嵐／襲撃する of 抗議する was 誘発するd の中で the 解放する／自由な 植民／開拓者s by the 活動／戦闘 of 知事 Macquarie in 認めるing 罪人／有罪を宣告するs as ordinary members of society 直接／まっすぐに their 条件 of 監禁，拘置 had 満了する／死ぬd. The 解放する／自由な community became はっきりと divided into emancipists and anti-emancipists.
GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH
Sydney, N.S.W., 30 April, 1810.
My Lord,
I had the honour to 演説（する）／住所 Your Lordship by 中尉／大尉／警部補-陸軍大佐 Foveaux in a 簡潔な／要約する Despatch, under dates the eighth and twelfth of last Month; but lest that Despatch may not get 安全な to 手渡す I shall in my 現在の one recapitulate the 実体 of my last, and furnish your Lordship with a more 詳細（に述べる）d Account of my 訴訟／進行s.
I was very much surprised and 関心d on my arrival here, at the 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の and illiberal 政策 I 設立する had been 可決する・採択するd by all the Persons who had に先行するd me in Office 尊敬（する）・点ing those men who had been 初めは sent out to this Country as 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, but who, by long habits of 産業 and total Reformation of Manners, had not only become respectable, but by many degrees the most Useful Members of the Community. Those persons have never been countenanced or received into society. I have, にもかかわらず, taken upon Myself to 可決する・採択する a new line of 行為／行う, Conceiving that Emancipation, when 部隊d with Rectitude and long-tried good 行為／行う, should land a man 支援する to that 階級 in Society which he had 没収されるd, and do away, in as far as the 事例／患者 will 収容する／認める, all Retrospect of former bad 行為／行う. This appears to me to be the greatest 誘導 that can be held out に向かって the Reformation of the Manners of the Inhabitants, and I think it is 一貫した with the gracious and Humane 意向s of His Majesty and His 大臣s in favour of this class of people. I am aware it is a 手段 which must be 訴える手段／行楽地d to with 広大な／多数の／重要な 警告を与える and Delicacy; but I am 希望に満ちた that in time it may be 延長するd beyond the line within which I must 制限する myself for the 現在の. The Number of Persons of this Description whom I have yet 認める to my （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する consist of only four. すなわち: Mr. D'Arcy Wentworth, 主要な／長／主犯 外科医; Mr. William Redfern, Assistant 外科医; Mr. Andrew Thompson, an opulent 農業者 and Proprietor of Land; and Mr. Simeon Lord, an opulent Merchant. Three of these Persons have acquired 所有物／資産／財産 to a large 量; they have long 行為／行うd themselves with the greatest Propriety, and I find them at all times ready to come 今後 in the most 自由主義の manner to the 援助 of the 政府. ーするために 示す my sense of the 長所s of Mr. Andrew Thompson, I have already 任命するd him a 司法（官） of the Peace and 治安判事 of the Hawkesbury, where he has a large 所有物／資産／財産, and I ーするつもりである to 会談する the same 示すs of Distinction on Mr. Wentworth and Mr. Simeon Lord when Vacancies in the Magistracy at Sydney, where they both reside, may occur.
Before I 結論する this Despatch, 許す me to 表明する my 感謝する 承認s to your Lordship for the 任命 I have now the Honour to 持つ／拘留する, and to 保証する your Lordship that, as far as my 裁判／判断 and Abilities 延長する, I shall 発揮する them in the faithful 発射する／解雇する of the 信用 reposed in me, with the Hope that in the wide field for 改良 here, my Services may not be unimportant, and that they will 最終的に 会合，会う with the Approbation of my 君主 and His Majesty's 大臣s, and その為に 確認する the Opinion you did me the Honour to form in my Favour.
I have, etc.,
L. MACQUARIE.
GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO EARL OF LIVERPOOL
Sydney, N.S.W., 17th Nov., 1812.
My Lord,
Since my last Public Despatch under Date 28th Oct. 1811, Transmitted per ship Friends, 経由で Rio-de-Janeiro, I have been honoured with Your Lordship's Several Despatches, under Dates 26th July 1811, and 4th, 5th and 19th May, 1812; and also the several other Letters with their 各々の Enclosures and …を伴ってing 文書s from Your Lordship or the Under-国務長官, as 公式文書，認めるd in the 利ざや.
In the first Despatch I had the Honour of 演説（する）／住所ing to Lord Castlereagh (Your Lordship's 即座の 前任者 in Office) under date the 30th of April, 1810, I 明言する／公表するd my 推論する／理由s for 回復するing those Persons who had been 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, to that 階級 in Society, which they had lost, but which, by long habits of Rectitude and Meritorious 行為／行う in this 植民地 they were fully する権利を与えるd to be 回復するd to. I have 設立する the greatest 利益 to result from the 採択 of this System of 政策. Some Men who had been 罪人／有罪を宣告するs have been 任命するd 治安判事s by me; Some of the same Description of Men have been honoured with His Majesty's （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, which in my Mind is alone a 十分な proof of the 適格（性） of these persons for any Society. On all occasions I have 設立する and experienced very 広大な／多数の／重要な 援助 from those Persons in the Habitual and 熱心な 発射する／解雇する of the Several 義務s 大（公）使館員d to their 各々の 状況／情勢s; and they 行為／法令／行動する at all times as if they conceived it to be their 不可欠の and first 義務 to 補助装置 the 政府 of the Country. Altho' the 主要な／長／主犯 Leaders, who 長，率いるd the 派閥 which occasioned so much mischief and Anarchy in this Country (previous to my arrival), have left it, Yet the Seeds of it were so 深く，強烈に sown that a かなりの part of that factious spirit still 存在するs の中で some discontented and disaffected Persons in this 植民地, whose restless and Vicious Minds cannot 耐える any 支配（する）／統制する or 合法的 form of 政府. The only 手段 of 地雷 which to my knowledge they have dared to 試みる／企てる to 中和する／阻止する, is this 拡張 of just and humane Indulgence to those Persons (who had 以前は been 罪人／有罪を宣告するs), whom I have brought 今後 and patronised by admitting them to my Society, but whom the factious Persons herein alluded to 設立する it advantageous to their 利益／興味s and illiberal Prejudices to consider as Outcasts, beneath their notice and for ever doomed to oblivion and Neglect.
It would therefore be 高度に gratifying and 満足な to Me, if Your Lordship would have the goodness to honour me with a Communication of His 王室の Highness the Prince Regent's 感情s on this 支配する which I consider as one of the greatest possible 利益／興味 and Importance to the 福利事業, 繁栄 and Happiness of this rising 植民地; which, as it was 初めは settled for the 歓迎会, 罰, and 結局の 改良 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, appears to Me to 要求する that their 改良, 福利事業 and Happiness should form the first and 長，指導者 反対する of Attention in the important 義務s ゆだねるd to the 知事 of it.
This Despatch will be 配達するd to your Lordship by 中尉／大尉／警部補 Richard Lundin of the 73rd 連隊, to whom I take the liberty of referring Your Lordship for any particulars 親族 to the 植民地 that may have escaped my recollection in my Public Despatches; and I その上の beg leave to recommend him to your Lordship's Favour and 保護.
I have, etc.,
L. MACQUARIE.
Source.—The 明言する／公表する and Position of Western Australia, by Captain Frederick Chidley Irwin of H.M. 63rd 連隊; late Commandant of the 軍隊／機動隊s, and 事実上の／代理 知事 of the 植民地, 1835, pp. 32-37, 42-46.
The 解決／入植地 of Western Australia was undertaken in 1825, with the 純粋に philanthropic idea of relieving the overcrowded 全住民 of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain. The 早期に difficulties were 予定 to the ignorance of 条件s in the country, and the unsuitability of the emigrants. Mr. Peel was 長，指導者 promoter of the 計画／陰謀.
The reader's attention will now be drawn to some of the mis-声明s with 尊敬（する）・点 to the 植民地, which have appeared in 最近の 出版（物）s. Under this 長，率いる he would 特に notice a work する権利を与えるd "England and America." At page 33, Vol. 2 of the work in question, there is said to be, in Western Australia "豊富 of good land and of land, too, （疑いを）晴らすd and drained by nature." After adverting to the 量 of 資本／首都 and live 在庫／株, and the number of labourers introduced by the first 植民／開拓者s, it is asked, what has become of all that 資本／首都, and all those labourers? Then comes the に引き続いて passage: "Why this 失敗 with all the elements of success—plenty of good land, plenty of 資本／首都, and enough 労働? The explanation is 平易な: In this 植民地 there never has been a class of labourers. Those who went out as labourers no sooner reached the 植民地 than they were tempted by the superabundance of good land to become landowners."
The writer proceeds to 明言する／公表する, that Mr. Peel (who, as he had been 知らせるd, had brought out a 資本／首都 of &続けざまに猛撃する;50,000 and 300 persons of the 労働ing class) had been thus left without a servant to make his bed, or to fetch him water from the river; and that, in the absence of his people, his 資本／首都 had 死なせる／死ぬd. "The same thing," he 追加するs, "happened in many 事例／患者s." その上の on, it is 明言する／公表するd that some of the labourers, who had become 独立した・無所属 landowners, died of hunger, at a period when a large 供給（する） of food had reached the 植民地, and that they were 餓死するd because where they had settled was not known to the 知事, nor even to themselves—"such," says this writer, "was the dispersion of these colonists, in consequence of superabundance of good land." It is 追加するd, that the 植民／開拓者s who remained had 嘆願（書）d for 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, though one of the 長，指導者 誘導s to settling in the 植民地 was an 請け負うing, on the part of the English 政府, that 非，不，無 should be sent thither.
If this writer's 声明 be 訂正する, that labourers on their arrival, tempted by the superabundance of good land, did with impunity 砂漠 their masters, leaving their 所有物／資産／財産 to 死なせる／死ぬ, and did themselves become landowners, it will be 明らかな, either that there were then no 法律s in the 植民地, or that they were not in 軍隊. The 逆転する, however, is the fact—there were 法律s, and they were 施行するd.
The に引き続いて is No. 8 of the land 規則s: "No 認める of land will be made to servants under indenture; nor shall persons receive 認めるs who shall appear to have come to the 解決／入植地 at the expense of other individuals without 十分な 保証／確信 of their having 実行するd the 条件 of any 協定 under which they may have come." The author does not remember an instance of this 規則 存在 relaxed; and it is manifest that 破壊 of 所有物／資産／財産 and the 廃虚 of the 資本主義者 must have been 必然的な, had the 政府 not 施行するd it.
平等に without 創立／基礎 is the 声明 that the indentured servant could 砂漠 his master with impunity. The indenture was binding 平等に on master and servant, and was 厳密に 施行するd by the 植民地の 法律. If the master failed to give the 給料, food, or whatever else might have been 規定するd for in the indenture, the servant, on 設立するing his （民事の）告訴 before a 治安判事, 得るd his 発射する／解雇する. On the other 手渡す, if the master 証明するd a 違反 of the indenture by the servant unduly absenting himself, 辞退するing to work, etc., the 治安判事 was under 義務 to 拘留する the servant. Also any person 雇うing an indentured servant, without 許可 of the master, was 支配する to a very 激しい 罰金.
Mr. Peel and his people were in this manner circumstanced. The author has read many of their indentures; in all of these Mr. Peel was bound to 支払う／賃金 them daily 給料 (一般に three shillings) out of which their food and 着せる／賦与するing were to be deducted. The 資本／首都 輸入するd by Mr. Peel, though very かなりの, was understood to consist 主として of 蓄える／店s and live-在庫／株. However this may have been, he 設立する it convenient after a time, to 認める most of his people 許可 to work for other 植民／開拓者s, reserving a 権利 to 解任する them when he chose; but 許すing them the 代案／選択肢 of their 発射する／解雇する, on their reimbursing him the expense of their passage out. As his people could get higher 給料 when working for others, they 喜んで 受託するd the 許可. 時折の 誤解s took place between him and some of them, and it was not till after the 知事, …を伴ってd by the 法律-助言者 of 政府, had more than once 修理d in person to Mr. Peel's 場所, that an 調整 of those differences was 影響d. The author has known several servants of Mr. Peel to be 拘留するd for 違反s of indenture. A number of them, however, were excellent men, who would have conscientiously 固執するd to him, had he not given them the 選択 of working for others.
It is but 司法（官） here to 認める the 広大な／多数の／重要な 利益 conferred on the 解決／入植地 by Mr. Peel, in the introduction of men who were not only of good 行為／行う, but 井戸／弁護士席 熟知させるd with farming 追跡s or with 貿易（する）s. For himself, the author feels happy in having this 適切な時期 to 表明する his sense of it, having had 上向きs of four years in his service, a family brought out by Mr. Peel. The father of this family is a man of 知能 and 観察. Besides his own 貿易（する） of brick and tile-making, he has a 完全にする knowledge of farming, gardening, bricklaying, lime-燃やすing, and brewing, in which さまざまな 占領／職業s he 雇うs himself. Such is his 産業 that he has been seen working for hours in the garden by moonlight, after spending a long day at 労働 in the field. His wife is a 正規の／正選手 dairywoman. One of the sons is a carpenter, and another a ploughman, besides having each a knowledge of their father's 貿易（する）; and the 残り／休憩（する） of the family, 負かす／撃墜する to the youngest, are training up habits of 産業 and 労働.
Although, as has been shown, the 条件s of the indentures were by the 植民地の 法律s 施行するd, it will にもかかわらず be manifest, that no 法律, in any country, can 妨げる an artful and unprincipled servant (anxious to be rid of his 約束／交戦) from 事実上の／代理 in so vexatious a manner, that some masters, in preference to keeping such a one, would forgo any 利益 the indenture might 申し込む／申し出. Such a course has been 可決する・採択するd in the 植民地 by some masters thus circumstanced. Those, however, who had been careful to bring out men of good character, and to whom they 許すd an equitable 補償（金） for their services, have rarely had 原因（となる） for （民事の）告訴; and, on the contrary, have 一般に been rewarded by the cheerful obedience of their servants.
The author is the more desirous of disproving the 申し立てられた／疑わしい lawless 明言する／公表する of society in the 植民地, as the 暗示するd reproach is 全く unmerited by the 知事, Sir James Stirling, who has been most indefatigable and self-否定するing in his exertions for the public 福利事業; and it is 平等に so by the magistracy, who have, from the 手始め, 治めるd the 法律s with vigour and 公平さ.
With 言及／関連 to the 主張 that some individuals had 死なせる／死ぬd with hunger from not having been able to 知らせる the 知事 as to where they had settled, the author can only say, that he did not hear of any such circumstance while in the 植民地, and that he considers it very improbable; as, with the exception of the people connected with Mr. Peel, the 植民／開拓者s at the period alluded to were 位置を示すd on the Swan and the Canning, by に引き続いて 負かす／撃墜する which rivers they could have reached in the course of a 選び出す／独身 day the towns of Perth or Freemantle.
He has also to 自白する his ignorance of the colonists having, as 明言する／公表するd, 嘆願（書）d for 罪人／有罪を宣告するs—he knows that such a wish was not 表明するd in their 記念の drawn up in 1832, and laid before His Majesty's 政府 by Sir James Stirling in person. The colonists having had before their 注目する，もくろむs, in the 隣人ing penal 解決／入植地s, the serious evils （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるd on society by the 雇用 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs (特に as indoor servants) have 堅固に resisted the 誘惑 to 捜し出す such a 治療（薬） for their wants. The extreme difficulty, which it is 悪名高い respectable families there experience, to 十分に guard the morals of their offspring, and to 安全な・保証する their 存在 brought up in the necessary 原則s of virtue and 正直さ, is alone a consideration which, it is believed, will keep the colonists in Western Australia stedfast on that point. No mere worldly 繁栄 どれでも can 補償する for the tremendous 危険 to which children in a penal 解決／入植地 are exposed, as many a heart-broken parent can 証言する.
It now remains for the author to 申し込む／申し出 a few 観察s
1. On the 失敗s that occurred の中で the 早期に 植民／開拓者s.
2. On the origin of the 報告（する）／憶測s so 広範囲にわたって 循環させるd to the prejudice of the country.
3. On the tardy 進歩 of the 植民地, compared with what had been 推定する／予想するd.
The に引き続いて 抽出する from one of the earliest despatches of the 知事 (written in January 1830, and 演説（する）／住所d to the 長官 of 明言する／公表する) will serve to preface these 発言／述べるs, as it 耐えるs すぐに on the first point. Adverting to the circumstances under which the first 植民／開拓者s （機の）カム out, he thus proceeds: "There could not be a 広大な／多数の／重要な number with minds and 団体／死体s ふさわしい to 遭遇（する） the struggle and 苦しめるs of a new 解決／入植地. Many, if not all, have accordingly been more or いっそう少なく disappointed on arrival, with either the 明言する／公表する of things here, or their own want of 力／強力にする to surmount the difficulties 圧力（をかける）ing 一連の会議、交渉／完成する them. This has been experienced, in the beginning, by every new 植民地; and might have been 推定する／予想するd to occur here, 同様に as どこかよそで. The greater part, incapable of 後継するing in England, are not likely to 栄える here to the extent of their groundless and inconsiderate 期待s. Many of the 植民／開拓者s who have come should never have left in England a 安全な and tranquil 明言する／公表する of life; and, if it be possible to discourage one 始める，決める of people, and to encourage another, I would 真面目に request that for a few years, the helpless and inefficient may be kept from the 解決／入植地; whilst, as to the active, industrious, and intelligent they may be 保証するd with 信用／信任 of a fair reward for their 労働s."
If, after what has been said, it be 認めるd that Western Australia, as far as natural advantages go, is 井戸／弁護士席 ふさわしい for the 目的 of 植民地化, still it will be 明らかな, from the 原則 on which the 植民地 was 設立するd, that its success must be 大いに 扶養家族 on the 資本／首都 and exertions of the 植民／開拓者s. The 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of 持続するing a 軍の and a civil 設立 存在 all His Majesty's 政府 was 誓約（する）d to, every other expense was to be borne by the emigrant; such as his outfit, voyage, and 解決／入植地 in the 植民地.
No 協定 事前の to leaving England having been made by the emigrants to 確実にする the advantages of co-操作／手術 on the part of their friends at home, and の中で themselves in the 植民地, each depended on his own energy and 資源s for his success; and the foregoing description of many of the 初めの 植民／開拓者s will account for the 失望s that 続いて起こるd in さまざまな instances.
Few who abandoned the 解決／入植地 under such circumstances, were willing to 収容する／認める their 失敗 was the result of their own want of exertion, or their unfitness for the 企業 in which they had 乗る，着手するd; accordingly, wherever they went, and in their letters home, the 非難する was laid on the country. Thus many of the evil 報告（する）／憶測s 尊敬（する）・点ing it, which were 現在の at home and in the 隣人ing 植民地s, may be traced to this source.
A 流布している 原因（となる） of 苦しめる の中で the 早期に 植民／開拓者s arose from their having 一般に brought out with them little ready money, compared with their other 所有物／資産／財産. This was 主として 借りがあるing to the 政府 規則s admitting of land 存在 割り当てるd to those only who introduced labourers, and さまざまな 肉親，親類d of 所有物／資産／財産 要求するd by 農業者s. Many of the 植民／開拓者s, therefore, to the extent of their means, were in this way amply 供給するd; but having understood in England that money would be of little use in a new country, numbers, without 尋問 what they wished to be true, incautiously expended most of their means in the 所有物／資産／財産 that would する権利を与える them to 得る land in the 植民地. However, when they had been some time in the 解決／入植地, they discovered that there, as in other places, money was needful; and on wishing to procure some by the sale of part of their 所有物／資産／財産, they 設立する it difficult to do so without loss, in consequence of most other 植民／開拓者s having brought out 類似の 投資s.
Another 原因（となる） of 不景気, which has borne 本気で on the 植民／開拓者s, has been the 時折の high price of the necessaries of life. With a 見解（をとる） of 治療（薬）ing this evil, 貨物s of 準備／条項s have been 繰り返して 輸入するd by the 地元の 政府—the actual cost alone 存在 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d to the 植民／開拓者. Even a shipload of bullocks and pigs was introduced from Java. But, numbers of the bullocks and pigs getting loose, soon became as wild and difficult to 再度捕まえる as if they had been natives of the 支持を得ようと努めるd, whither they had betaken themselves.
Experience has shown that the system of 解放する／自由な 認めるs, which was the first 可決する・採択するd in Western Australia, is decidedly injurious to the 繁栄 of a 解決／入植地, from the 施設 it affords to persons 所有するd of comparatively little 資本／首都 to acquire 広範囲にわたる tracts of land, the greater part of which, for want of means, they cannot use for 農業の or pastoral 目的s. It also occasions the too wide dispersion of the 植民／開拓者s; thus やむを得ず 増加するing the expense of 政府, and, at the same time, producing serious inconvenience to the 農業者.
Source.—A Letter from Sydney. E.G. Wakefield (Gouger, 1829), 虫垂
The 失敗 of the first 試みる／企てる to settle Western Australia gave rise to much thought upon the theory of 植民地化. The ideas most 一般に 受託するd were those of Edward Gibbon Wakefield, who 要約するd his theory as follows:
OUTLINE OF A SYSTEM OF COLONIZATION
It is 示唆するd:
Article I.
THAT a 支払い（額） in money of—— per acre, be 要求するd for all 未来 認めるs of land without exception.
Article II.
THAT all land now 認めるd, and to be 認めるd, throughout the 植民地, be 宣言するd liable to a 税金 of—— per cent. upon the actual rent.
Article III.
THAT the proceeds of the 税金 upon rent, and of sales, form an EMIGRATION FUND, to be 雇うd in the conveyance of British labourers to the 植民地 解放する／自由な of cost.
Article IV.
THAT those to whom the 行政 of the 基金 shall be ゆだねるd, be 権力を与えるd to raise money on that 安全, as money is raised on the 安全 of parish and 郡 率s in England.
Article V.
THAT the 供給（する） of labourers be as nearly as possible 割合d to the 需要・要求する for 労働 at each 解決／入植地; so that 資本主義者s shall never を煩う an 緊急の want of Labourers, and that Labourers shall never want 井戸／弁護士席-paid 雇用.
Article VI.
THAT in the 選択 of Emigrants, an 絶対の preference be given to young persons, but that no 超過 of males be 伝えるd to the 植民地 解放する／自由な of cost.
Article VII.
THAT Colonists 供給するing a passage for emigrant Labourers, 存在 young persons, and equal numbers of both sexes, be する権利を与えるd to a 支払い（額） in money from the 移住 基金, equal to the actual 契約 price of a passage for so many 労働ing persons.
Article VIII.
THAT 認めるs be 絶対の in 料金, without any 条件 whatever, and obtainable by 副.
Article IX.
THAT any 黒字／過剰 of the proceeds of the 税金 upon rent and of sales, over what is 要求するd for 移住, be 雇うd in 救済 of other 税金s, and for the general 目的s of 植民地の 政府.
Source.—Six Months in the new 植民地 of South Australia (J. Horton James, 1839), pp. 1, 28-37
The 解決／入植地 of South Australia was undertaken to 実験（する） Wakefield's theory; but instead of turning their land to good account the colonists left it idle, hoping to sell at a high price. The result was 悲惨な.
SITUATION AND EXTENT
The New 州, called South Australia, which, by an 行為／法令／行動する of the 皇室の 議会, was 築くd into a 解放する／自由な British 植民地 on 15th August, 1834, is 据える on the South Coast of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Island Continent of New Holland, in the Southern or Indian Ocean, 延長するing from 132° to 141° E. longitude, and from 38° to 26° S. latitude, and 含む／封じ込めるs nearly two hundred millions of acres. It is twelve thousand miles distant from 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain.
This distance of twelve thousand miles せねばならない be 成し遂げるd by a 急速な／放蕩な sailing ship in twelve weeks, at the 率 of a thousand miles per week, which is the fair 普通の／平均（する） running of a good ship on distant voyages; but it is better to 許す something for light 勝利，勝つd and 静めるs 近づく the 赤道, and to say in 一連の会議、交渉／完成する numbers one hundred days in all, which is rather more than fourteen weeks.
This is Port Adelaide! Port 悲惨 would be a better 指名する; for nothing in any other part of the world can より勝る it in everything that is wretched and inconvenient, 一括s of goods and heaps of 商品／売買する are lying about in every direction as if they had cost nothing. Stacks of what were once beautiful London bricks 崩壊するing away like gingerbread, and evidently at each returning tide half covered with the flood; trusses of hay, now rotten, and Norway 取引，協定s, scattered about as if they had no owner—アイロンをかける ploughs and rusty harrows—事例／患者s of door-でっちあげる，人を罪に陥れるs and windows that had once been glazed—heaps of the best 予定するs half 宙返り／暴落するing 負かす／撃墜する—winnowing-machines broken to pieces—封鎖するs of Roman 固く結び付ける, now hard as 石／投石する, wanting nothing but the 突き破るs and hoops—Sydney cedar, and laths and shingles from 先頭 Diemen's Land in every direction; whilst on the high ground are to be seen pigs eating through the flour-解雇（する）s, and ケッグs of raisins with not only the 長，率いる out, but half the contents; onions and potatoes 明らかに to be had for 選ぶing up. The sight is disheartening. What with the sun and the rain—the sand and the floods—the thieves with four 脚s and the thieves with two—the 乗客s 抱擁する themselves at the recollection that they have brought no 商品／売買する for sale, glad enough to be able to take care of themselves. The sooner they get out of this horrid 穴を開ける the better, so they enquire if there is any coach to the town—they are answered by a careless shake of the 長，率いる, and so, like good 植民／開拓者s, they 決定する to 始める，決める off and walk, carrying their light 小包s with them, and leaving the 激しい things with a friend who 辞退するs to go any その上の. They ask for a drink of water before starting—there is not such a thing to be had; but the bullock carts are 推定する／予想するd 負かす／撃墜する every minute with the usual 供給（する）! "What, no water?" exclaims our 乗客. "No, sir, but the Commissioners are 沈むing a 井戸／弁護士席, though they have not yet 設立する any but salt water; but they are going to dig in another place, すぐに, we understand."
Away they start for the City of Adelaide, and after ten minutes of rough walking through the loose sand, which is 疲労，（軍の）雑役ing enough, they 伸び（る） the 会社／堅い and beaten road, with the cheerful hills before them, glad enough to have 打ち勝つ their morning troubles. Though very warm the walk is agreeable, and out of a cloud of dust before them, they soon descry a dray or two, each drawn by a long line of bullocks. They perceive by the splashing of the water from the open bungs that the 樽s 含む／封じ込める the daily 供給（する） for the port, and the drivers very cheerfully give them all a drink; this enables them to walk on with 新たにするd spirits, over the naked plain, and, tired and dusty, in about seven miles more they reach another アイロンをかける 蓄える／店, the 所有物／資産／財産 of the Commissioners, where they now begin to see a few marquees and huts, and people walking about. They step across the "Torrens," without knowing it, and enquire for the inn. They are directed to the Southern Cross Hotel, then kept by a German Jew of the 指名する of 徴収する, considered the best house in this 解決／入植地, and here we will leave them for the 現在の, hungry, thirsty, and 疲労，（軍の）雑役d—covered with dust and perspiration—and with feelings of shame and 失望 at 存在 so taken in!
CITY OF ADELAIDE.
"When things are at the worst, they mend," is a ありふれた 説, and a true one; and so it was with our 乗客s. Though rough, dirty and uncomfortable, they enjoyed the Jew's dinner or （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する d'hôte, though it consisted 単に of a baked 脚 of mutton at the 最高の，を越す, with a baked shoulder at 底（に届く） and a dish of small potatoes in the middle—nothing else whatever—neither pie, pudding, or cheese; but they had given themselves a good wash, and a change of linen, and a 瓶／封じ込める of Barclay and Perkins at dinner had now 回復するd them to good humour.
They 設立する that the company at the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する was much better than the dishes, and that they had all gone through the same 哀れな 上陸 at the Fort, and some of them had even 苦しむd かなり by 落ちるing 負かす／撃墜する in the mud; so, as we draw 慰安 out of other men's misfortunes, and it is better to laugh than weep, our newly-arrived emigrants began to think the place was not so bad after all. They were, at any 率, 広大な／多数の／重要な travellers, and were 決定するd to make light of troubles and inconveniences, as all travellers do. They saw that the gentlemen at （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する were a very nice 始める，決める of fellows, and as they had evidently had to rough it, much more 以前は, than was necessary at the 現在の day, they should （不足などを）補う their minds to think 井戸／弁護士席 of everything—to look only at the advantages of the 植民地—and in their letters to any London friends, they were 解決するd decidedly to recommend the place—but not a word about the mud.
The Town of Adelaide, as 描写するd on the 地図／計画するs, is the very beau ideal of all possible cities—there is an elegance and vastness of design about it, that almost makes one blush for the comparative insignificance of London and Stromboul; of Paris and Canton;—but on going to the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す, like many other 作品 of art and imagination, it 似ているs the picture very わずかに—it is altogether on too large a 規模; and of all the follies committed by the inexperience of the surveyor-general, who is, にもかかわらず, in every other 尊敬（する）・点 a most gentlemanlike, entertaining, and intelligent person, next to its inland 状況／情勢, this monstrous extent of Adelaide will turn out to be the most 実りの多い／有益な of （民事の）告訴s. You may lean against any tree in the City and exclaim, "This shadowy 砂漠, unfrequented 支持を得ようと努めるd, I better brook than 繁栄するing peopled towns."
And yet there are ぱらぱら雨d up and 負かす／撃墜する the place a few 相当な buildings; one belonging to the Company, on an enormous 規模—another good brick house to Mr. 切り開く／タクシー／不正アクセス—another to the 企業ing Mr. Gilles—one to Mr. Thomas, and a couple of new taverns. The 残り／休憩（する） of the dwellings are made of very slight 構成要素s, and the number of canvas テントs and marquees give some parts of the 解決／入植地 the 外見 of a （軍の）野営地，陣営. Most of the new-comers settle 負かす／撃墜する on what is called the Park Lands, where they are handy to the little rivulet, and they run up a Robinson Crusoe sort of hut, with twigs and 支店s from the 隣接するing forest, and the 気候 存在 罰金 and 乾燥した，日照りの, they answer 井戸／弁護士席 enough as 一時的な 住居s. The 主要な／長／主犯 streets have been laid out in the 調査する of the town 132 feet wide, which is nearly twice as wide as Portland Place, and the squares are all on such a 規模 of magnitude, that if there were any inhabitants in them, a cab would almost be 要求するd to get across them.
Before any person has been 岸に at Adelaide twenty-four hours, even the greenest and most inexperienced put these two very natural questions; First—Why did you make the 計画（する） of the 未来 town so large? Answer—Because the land was of no value, and it was a pity to be （人が）群がるd when there was so much room! And the Second question is—Why did you select the town eight miles from the 上陸-place? Answer—Because we preferred 存在 away from the 汚い sailors, and thought it better not to be annoyed with the demoralizing 影響（力） of a Sea Port!
Unless this is 敏速に 治療（薬）d, the "知恵 of our ancestors" will not become such a favourite 説 in South Australia, as it is in the Old Country, for the town, 含むing the park lands, is already eight miles 一連の会議、交渉／完成する, with 3,000 inhabitants only. This, from persons who are all for 集中, seems strange; and the consequence is as might have been 推定する／予想するd, that in the daytime persons are 絶えず losing themselves in the 中央 of the city. Whilst at night it is impossible to move out of the house without company, unless you have any 願望（する） to sleep under a tree. This has happened to the oldest inhabitants, about whom many droll stories have been told. Some of the highest officers in the 植民地, after wandering about for hours in the dark, either running against trees, or 落ちるing over スピードを出す／記録につけるs, or into 穴を開けるs, have chosen rather to give it up in despair, content to take a night's 宿泊するing beneath a tree, than run the 危険 any longer of breaking their necks although in the 中央 of the 郡区, and when day-light appeared, not perhaps more than a ピストル-発射 from their own hut. It is hardly possible that such a 失敗 as this is, this Adelaide and Port Adelaide, can much longer be 許容するd by the respectable parties about 訴訟／進行 to the 植民地, and there is not the remotest chance that the unnatural abortion can ever come to good. Another town of more modest and 穏健な pretensions will rise up in the land-locked 水盤／入り江 of Port Lincoln, along the 利ざや of the 深い water, consisting of 640 acres, divided into building lots of one rood each, which will be enough for a 全住民 of 50,000 persons, which is as many as the most sanguine friend of the 植民地 can 心配する for a century to come. There, under the 避難所 of Boston Island, or in Spalding Cove, the merchant may leave his office and walk across a plank into the last ship that arrived from England, and all the hundreds of bullocks now 雇うd dragging up waggon 負担s of rubbish and 商品／売買する from Adelaide 押し寄せる／沼地 to Adelaide 郡区, may then be dispensed with and go a-ploughing, as they せねばならない have done long since, which will save &続けざまに猛撃する;20,000 a year to the 植民／開拓者s in the item of land carriage alone, and by 存在 雇うd on the farms instead of on the road the 植民地 will not 要求する such たびたび（訪れる） 輸入s of farm produce from 先頭 Diemen's Land, to the 広大な／多数の／重要な impoverishment of the community. What, abandon Adelaide! I think I hear the 運送／保菌者s exclaim. Oh no, let Adelaide remain as before, it will always answer 井戸／弁護士席 enough for a country village, and stand a monument to the folly of the projectors, but let the 知事 and Civil 設立 move their 長，率いる-４半期/4分の1s without loss of time, to Port Lincoln, before more money is thrown away. Every month that this 手段 is 延期するd it is made more difficult and therefore should not be 延期するd at all. The 買い手s of the 1,200 town acres would feel much 失望 at the 手段, as the market would be spoiled for the sale of their building lots, but they would be rightly served for asking a monopoly price to respectable new-comers, who せねばならない be enabled to 得る a town allotment for a trifle of the 政府.
In New South むちの跡s they are sold by auction as 適用するd for, and put up at 20s. each, at which price they are 一般に knocked 負かす／撃墜する; but with a 見解（をとる） to 妨げる any monopolizer buying them up, to the 傷害 of the bona fide 植民／開拓者, every purchaser must 調印する a 社債 to the 政府 in a 刑罰，罰則 of &続けざまに猛撃する;20, that he will build a house on the allotment, of a 確かな value, within three years, or さもなければ the land 逆戻りするs 絶対 to the 栄冠を与える, and the 刑罰，罰則 is 施行するd too. This is as it should be, and the evil working of the old system せねばならない have been forseen, but at South Australia the Commissioners and 調査する Department disdained to copy anything from such a 植民地 as Sydney and made the old 説 good about advice, that those who want it most like it least. Now the late 知事, Captain Hindmarsh, was やめる the opposite of this, and was most diligent in 捜し出すing out the best way of doing everything, and was not above learning even from those ignorant 隣人s, New South むちの跡s and 先頭 Diemen's Land. Here is a proof.
(Copy)
"政府 House, 25th April, 1838.
"The 会議 存在 about to 会合，会う this morning to discuss a 支配する with which Mr. Horton James is 特に 井戸／弁護士席 熟知させるd; the 知事 will thank Mr. James, if he would do him the favour to …に出席する the 会議 this morning about half-past nine o'clock, to give the 会議 his opinion on the 支配する.
"T.H. JAMES, ESQ., Adelaide."
The character of the late 知事, Capt. Hindmarsh, pleased me exceedingly, not only for the frankness of his manner に向かって strangers, and the 平易な 条件 on which he 認める every respectable 居住（者） to his （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, but by his constant, 安定した, and unremitting attention to 商売／仕事. Many difficulties of a new and serious nature would いつかs suddenly 伴う／関わる him, during my 住居 in the 植民地, 特に in 言及／関連 to the native 黒人／ボイコットs, who had been committing some 暴力／激しさs in the （軍の）野営地，陣営. The 植民／開拓者s were very violent and 無分別な, calling loudly for 即座の and strong 対策 of 報復, and going up in 暴徒s to 政府 House, かわきing for 復讐 against the natives. But the 知事 on all occasions 行為／法令／行動するd with a praiseworthy and becoming firmness, and would listen to nothing like 報復s on an 非武装の and naked 全住民; and while he took the most upright, they turned out to be the wisest and most successful 対策 he could have 可決する・採択するd for the pacification of the place, which in a day or two became as 静かな as ever, and the danger so much talked of was 無視（する）d and forgotten, 完全に 借りがあるing to His Excellency's pacific 治療. Notwithstanding his 厳しい and inflexible 固守 to these 対策, in 一致 to his 指示／教授／教育s, and in 対立 to the murderous wishes of some of the 植民／開拓者s, Captain Hindmarsh, after the hours of 商売／仕事, surrounded by his amiable and 遂行するd family, was just the same as ever, 熱心な, enthusiastic and humane, when speaking of the 植民地 and its 黒人／ボイコット 全住民; and gentle and sincere in his intercourse with his friends; never 展示（する）ing the slightest degree of reserve, parade or affectation, but winning all hearts by his attention to his guests. It is hard to say why such a suitable person was 解任するd. He seems to have been sacrificed to clamour; but to 告発する／非難する, and 証明する, are very different, and in any enquiry that may be hereafter 学校／設けるd, Captain Hindmarsh will, I am sure, come off without reproach.
Source.—Batman's 定期刊行物, Victorian 小冊子s, Vol. cxxvii, pp. 10-13, 16-22
Convictism in Tasmania 原因（となる）d 広大な／多数の／重要な 不満 の中で the 解放する／自由な 植民／開拓者s; in 1835 John Batman crossed the 海峡 in search of fresh pastures. Melbourne stands on the 場所／位置 he selected for "the 未来 village."
May 29th. Daylight had no sooner broke this morning—and never had its cheerful return been so ardently longed for—than we were again 迎える／歓迎するd by the sight of Port Phillip 長，率いるs, at a distance not 明らかに 越えるing eight miles. By 9 a.m. we were between the 長，率いるs, with the tide running out, and nearly at low water; a 激しい surf and the 勝利，勝つd light and baffling. We 影響d an 入り口 with difficulty at a part of the bay where the width was about a mile and a ４半期/4分の1. We 後継するd, however, in entering one of the finest bays, or 水盤／入り江s of water, 井戸／弁護士席 避難所d, that we remember to have seen. Within the Bay the water was, compared to our late 投げ上げる／ボディチェックするing in the boiling and 泡，激怒することing waters outside, as smooth as a mill-pond, and our little bark floated gently along like a sleeping gull. I shall, however, take this 適切な時期 to 発言／述べる that it will be 望ましい to enter its mouth only at the times of the tide running in. We continued our course 負かす／撃墜する the bay, and 設立する the country everywhere of the same richly-grassed character.
May 30th. Robinson Crusoe was never better pleased with the 外見 of the first ship which arrived, and 救助（する）d him from his desolate island, than I was with the 大型船 which 証明するd the means of thus 開始 to 見解（をとる） a country 有能な of supporting a 未来 nation, and which, we 信用, will be the means of relieving the Hobart Town country of its over-在庫／株d cattle, and the Mother Country of her 黒字／過剰 and half-餓死するd peasantry. Futurity must develop this prophecy! その上の travelling and examination only 追加するd to my pre-conceived 見積（る） of this 極端に 利益／興味ing and 広範囲にわたる 領土; consisting of plains or 負かす／撃墜するs at least twenty miles long by a width of 10 miles, and the distance may have been greater, but for the interruption of hills more than ordinarily high, which broke the horizon in different directions. One of these vistas, which I have at 現在の in 見解（をとる）, cannot form a いっそう少なく area than 100,000 acres. Its general character 現在のs that of cultivated pasture for centuries past; the few trees appear as though they 借りがあるd their 農園 to the 手渡す of man. All the high hills are covered with grass to their 首脳会議s.
I discovered the 解雇する／砲火／射撃s of the natives or aboriginal inhabitants of this marvellously fertile country, and felt delighted beyond 表現 that the 仕事 of its 発見 should have devolved upon myself.
June 2nd. My Sydney natives （機の）カム on board this morning for the 目的 of 補助装置ing in packing up, and さもなければ making 準備s for our 熟視する／熟考するd 探検隊／遠征隊 into the 内部の. As it continued to rain ひどく and a 激しい bank of 霧 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd, and 妨げるd our seeing any distance, I 提案するd, rather than lose time to go with the 大型船 to the river (Saltwater), and from thence take my 出発 for the bush. We made the river by 3 p.m., and 観察するd that the whole of the coast at the 長，率いる of the bay was （疑いを）晴らす of 木材／素質, and a constant plain covered with grass.
近づく the 長，率いる of the river, on the point, was a 農園 of she-oak. We endeavoured to sail up the river, but 設立する the water not more than a fathom 深い.... To-morrow, 天候 permitting, I ーするつもりである taking my 出発 up the river.
June 3rd. Everything 存在 in 準備完了, we left the 大型船 about 9 a.m., and proceeded in a boat up the river for about five miles.... In travelling その上の up we passed over several rich flats, about a mile wide, by two or three miles long, destitute of trees, and covered 膝-深い with grass, from which hundreds of トンs of good hay might be made. The land was of the best description, equal to anything in the world, nor does it appear 支配する to 存在 flooded. For twenty-six miles we continued に引き続いて the course of this river, and 設立する on both 味方するs of it, as far as the 注目する，もくろむ could stretch, 罰金 open plains, with a few trees of the oak 種類; one striking 反対する was the absence of fresh water all throughout this distance. Just before sundown as we were 準備するing to （軍の）野営地，陣営 on the bank of the river, I caught sight of a damp place, and, on sending one of my men, Gumm, to make a 穴を開ける with a stick to the depth of two feet, we had in the course of an hour a plentiful 供給（する） of good water.... I have 指名するd this place Gumm's 井戸／弁護士席.
June 4th. Recommenced our 旅行 up the river at 8 a.m.; after travelling four or five miles, I turned off to 得る a 見解（をとる） of 開始するs Collicott, Cottrill, and Solomon.... We continued travelling over the plains, and in eight miles again made the river. Having crossed the river, we travelled over the richest land I had ever seen in my life; 沼 mallows with leaves as large as those of the cabbage tribe, and as high as my 長，率いる. We recrossed at a native ford, and we 観察するd on a wattle tree, which they had been stripping of the bark, scratches or 示すs of 人物／姿／数字s, 代表するing 黒人／ボイコットs in the 行為／法令／行動する of fighting. These 人物／姿／数字s I copied as 近づく as I was able.
June 6th. We made an 早期に breakfast and 再開するd our 旅行 ーするために reach the （軍の）野営地，陣営 of the 黒人／ボイコットs, the smoke of whose 解雇する／砲火／射撃s we had seen yesterday. We travelled over land equal to any that we had seen, a 深い 黒人／ボイコット diluvium with grass three or four feet high, and thinly-木材／素質d. After travelling eight miles we struck the 追跡する of the natives which in a short time led us to a 支店 of the tribe, consisting of one 長，指導者, his wife, and three children—罰金, plump, chubby, healthy-looking urchins they were. To this distinguished 王室の chieftain of the prairies I gave one pair of 一面に覆う／毛布s, handkerchiefs, beads, and three pocket-knives; upon the 領収書 of these 現在のs, he undertook the part of guide. We crossed a fresh water creek with good land on either bank. Our new guide 知らせるd us that he would take us to his tribe, at the same time 指名するing many of their 長，指導者s. After travelling about eight miles, we were surprised to hear a number of 発言する／表明するs calling after us, and on looking 一連の会議、交渉／完成する 遭遇（する）d six men, 武装した with spears 直す／買収する，八百長をするd in their wommeras. We stopped; and they at once threw aside their spears, and （機の）カム up to us in a most friendly manner possible. We all shook 手渡すs and I gave them knives, tomahawks, etc., その結果 they took the lead, and brought us 支援する about a mile, to where we 設立する huts, or gunyahs, and a number of women and children. We sat 負かす／撃墜する in the 中央 of these sooty and sable aboriginal children of Australia; amongst whom we ascertained were eight 長，指導者s belonging to the country 近づく Port Phillip, over which we had travelled, and with which we had so much 推論する／理由 to be pleased. The three 主要な／長／主犯 長，指導者s were brothers. Two of them were fully six feet high and tolerably good-looking; the third was not so tall but much stouter than the others. The other five 長，指導者s were 平等に 罰金 men. And a question, to myself, here arises, and the answer as speedily follows, viz., now is the time for entering into and 影響ing a 購入（する） of their land. A 十分な explanation, that my 反対する in visiting their shores was to 購入（する） their land, they appeared to understand; and the に引き続いて 交渉 or 協定 was すぐに entered into. I 購入（する）d two large 封鎖するs or tracts of land, about 600,000 acres, more or いっそう少なく, and, in consideration therefor, I gave them 一面に覆う／毛布s, knives, looking-glasses, tomahawks, beads, scissors, flour, etc. I also その上の agreed to 支払う／賃金 them a 尊敬の印 or rent 年一回の. The parchment, or 行為 was 調印するd this afternoon by the eight 長，指導者s, each of them, at the same time, 手渡すing me a 部分 of the 国／地域; thus giving me 十分な 所有／入手 of the tracts of land I had 購入（する）d.
This most 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の sale and 購入（する） took place by the 味方する of a lovely stream of water, from whence my land 開始するd. A tree was here 示すd in four different ways, to define the corner 境界s. Good land, to any extent, either for 在庫／株 or tillage, with good water was here in 豊富, ready for sheep, cattle, or the plough. Our 交渉 was 終結させるd by my Sydney natives giving our newly-acquired friends a grand corroborree at night, much to their delight. The group consisted, altogether, of forty-five men, women, and children.
Sunday, June 7th. I awoke this morning with the agreeable consciousness of my 存在 able, like Alexander Selkirk, of school-boy memory, to say: "I am 君主 of all I 調査する; my 権利 there is 非，不，無 to 論争." With a 見解（をとる）, however, of 安全な・保証するing this 権利 more 永久的に, I busied myself with 製図／抽選 up triplicates of the 行為s of the land I had 購入（する）d, and in 配達するing over to the natives more 所有物／資産／財産. This was done on the banks of the lovely little creek which I have 指名するd Batman's Creek, as a memento of the novel and 利益／興味ing 処理／取引 occurring on its banks. After the 購入（する） and 支払い（額） at the 結論 of the 予選s, I had made 準備 for 出発／死ing, when two of the 主要な／長／主犯 長，指導者s approached, and laid their 王室の mantles at my feet, begging my 受託 of them. Upon my acquiescing, the gifts were placed around my neck and over my shoulders by the noble 寄贈者s, who seemed much pleased at their 株 in the 処理／取引, and begged of me to walk a pace or two in their (now my) princely vestments. I asked them to …を伴って me to the 大型船, to which request I received a rather feeling reply, by their pointing, first to their children, and next to their own naked feet, 輸入するing that they could not walk so 急速な／放蕩な as ourselves, but would come 負かす／撃墜する in a few day. In the course of the late 処理／取引, I had no difficulty in discovering their sacred and 私的な 示す, so important in all their 処理／取引s, and universally 尊敬（する）・点d. I 得るd a knowledge of this 示す by means of one of my Sydney natives, Bungit, who, going behind a tree, out of sight of the 女性（の）s made the Sydney aboriginal 示す. I afterwards took two others of my natives, and the 主要な／長／主犯 長，指導者 of Port Phillip to whom I showed the 示す on the tree, which he 即時に 認めるd, and pointed, also, to the knocking out of the 前線 tooth. This 示す is always made 同時に with the loss or extraction of the tooth. I requested the 長，指導者 through the 解釈／通訳 of my Sydney natives, to give the imprint of his 示す. After a few minutes hesitation, he took a tomahawk and did as he was 願望（する）d, on the bark of a tree. A copy of this 示す is 大（公）使館員d to the 行為, as the 署名 and 調印（する） of their country.
About 10 a.m. I took my 出発 from these 利益／興味ing people. The 主要な／長／主犯 長，指導者 could not be いっそう少なく than six feet four インチs high, and his 割合s gigantic; his brother six feet two インチs, also a 罰金 man. I recrossed Batman's Creek, and travelled over thinly-木材／素質d country of box, gum, wattle, and she-oak, with grass three of four feet high. Travelling twelve miles 負かす／撃墜する we （機の）カム, subsequently, upon a thinly-木材／素質d forest of gum, wattle and oak. Here, for the first time, the land became sandy, with a little gravel. The grass was ten インチs high, and 似ているd a field of wheat. We have not seen the slightest 外見 of 霜. After leaving this forest, we （機の）カム upon the river I had gone up a few days before. ーするつもりであるing to come 負かす／撃墜する on the opposite 味方する and あられ／賞賛する the 大型船, I crossed on the banks of the river, a large 沼, one mile and a half 幅の広い by three or four long, of the richest diluvium; not a tree was to be seen. Having crossed this 沼 we passed through a dense tea-tree scrub, very high, 推定する／予想するing to make the 大型船 in the course of an hour or two, but, to our 広大な／多数の／重要な surprise, when we got through, we 設立する ourselves on the banks of a much larger river than the one we had 初めは gone up.
As it was now 近づく sundown, and at least two days would be 要求するd to 長，率いる the river, I decided upon 許すing two of my Sydney natives to swim across it, and go to the 大型船, distant about seven miles, to fetch the boat. 弾丸 and Bungit started on this 企業, and returned in about three hours from the time of their 出発. Their return with the boat was most opportune as we had got on the point of junction of the two rivers, where the tide had 始める，決める in, and was already up to my ankles. I first despatched the party with the dogs in the boat to the opposite bank, and, on the return of the boat, myself and old Bull, who had 削減（する） his foot, went in first-率 style, to the 大型船. I hope my travelling on foot will 終結させる, at least for some time. I had now 遂行するd a most arduous 請け負うing, and, ーするために 安全な・保証する the fruits of my exertions I ーするつもりである leaving Gumm, Dodds, Thomson, and three of my Sydney natives—Bungit, 弾丸, and old Bull—as overseers and （強制）執行官s of my newly acquired 領土, and of the 所有／入手 of which nothing short of a premature 公表，暴露 of my 発見 on the part of my companions, can かもしれない 奪う me. These people I ーするつもりである leaving at Indented 長，率いるs, as my 長，率いる 倉庫・駅, with a 供給（する） of necessaries for at least three months. The 長，指導者s of the Port Phillip tribe made me a 現在の of three 石／投石する tomahawks, some spears, wommeras, boomerangs, and other 武器s of 戦争.
June 8th. This morning the 勝利，勝つd 始める，決める in foul for Indented 長，率いるs, and, having made several 試みる／企てるs to get out of the river, we gave it up as hopeless. We went in the boat, up the large river coming from the east, and after examination six miles up, I was pleased to find the water やめる fresh and very 深い. This will be the place for the 未来 village.
Source.—報告（する）／憶測 from the Select 委員会 of the House of ありふれたs on Transportation (Molesworth, 1838), pp. 8-10, 31-33, 43
As Australia was shown to 申し込む／申し出 greater and greater attractions to 解放する／自由な 植民／開拓者s the agitation against transportation 増加するd. In 1838 the British 政府 任命するd a Select 委員会 to 問い合わせ into and 報告（する）／憶測 upon the whole system. Their 判決 is given below.
To 工場／植物 a 植民地, and to form a new society, has ever been an arduous 仕事. In 新規加入 to the natural difficulties arising from ignorance of the nature of the 国／地域, and of the 気候 of a new country, the first 植民／開拓者s have 一般に had to 競う with innumerable 障害s, which only undaunted patience, firmness of mind, and constancy of 目的, could 打ち勝つ. But, whatever the 量 of difficulties attendant on the 創立／基礎s of 植民地s, those difficulties were 大いに augmented, in New South むちの跡s, by the character of the first 植民／開拓者s. The 違反者／犯罪者s who were 輸送（する）d in the past century to America, were sent to communities the 本体，大部分／ばら積みの of whose 全住民 were men of thrift and probity; the children of improvidence were dropped in by driblets amongst the 集まり of a 全住民 already formed, and were 吸収するd and assimilated as they were dropped in. They were scattered and separated from each other; some acquired habits of honest 産業, and all, if not 改革（する）d by their 罰, were not 確かな to be demoralized by it. In New South むちの跡s, on the contrary, the community was composed of the very dregs of society; of men, 証明するd by experience to be unfit to be 捕まらないで in any society, and who were sent from the British gaols, and turned loose to mix with one another in the 砂漠, together with a few 仕事-masters, who were to 始める，決める them to work in the open wilderness; and with the 軍の, who were to keep them from 反乱. The consequences of this strange assemblage were 副／悪徳行為, immorality, frightful 病気, hunger, dreadful mortality の中で the 植民／開拓者s; the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were decimated by pestilence on the voyage, and again decimated by 飢饉 on their arrival; and the most hideous cruelty was practised に向かって the unfortunate natives. Such is the 早期に history of New South むちの跡s.
After 宣告，判決 of transportation has been passed, 罪人／有罪を宣告するs are sent to the hulks or gaols, where they remain till the period of their 出発 arrives. On board 罪人／有罪を宣告する 大型船s the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs are under the 単独の 支配（する）／統制する of the 外科医-superintendent, who is furnished with 指示／教授／教育s, as to his 行為／行う, from the Admiralty. The 警戒s which have been taken against 病気, and the better discipline now 保存するd in these ships, have 適用するd an effectual 治療（薬） to the physical evils of the long voyage to Australia, and 妨げるd the mortality amongst the 囚人s which 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd to a fearful extent during the earlier periods of transportation. Little diminution, however, has taken place in those moral evils, which seem to be the necessary consequences of the の近くに 接触する and communication between so many 犯罪のs, both during the period of confinement previous to embarkation, and during the weariness of a long voyage.
As soon as a 罪人／有罪を宣告する 大型船 reaches its place of 目的地, a 報告（する）／憶測 is made by the 外科医-superintendent to the 知事. A day is then 任命するd for the 植民地の 長官 or for his 副 to go on board to 召集（する） the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, and to hear their （民事の）告訴s, if they have any to make. The male 罪人／有罪を宣告するs are subsequently 除去するd to the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 兵舎; the 女性（の）s to the 刑務所s. In New South むちの跡s, however, 規則s have lately been 設立するd, by which, in most 事例／患者s, 女性（の） 罪人／有罪を宣告するs are enabled to proceed at once from the ship to 私的な service. It is the 義務 of an officer, called the 主要な／長／主犯 superintendent of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, to 分類する the newly-arrived 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, the greater 部分 of whom are 分配するd amongst the 植民／開拓者s as 割り当てるd servants; the 残りの人，物 are either 保持するd in the 雇用 of the 政府, or some few of them are sent to the penal 解決／入植地s.
On the whole, your 委員会 may 主張する that, in the families of 井戸／弁護士席-行為／行うd and respectable 植民／開拓者s, the 条件 of 割り当てるd 罪人／有罪を宣告するs is much the same as the 条件 of 類似の descriptions of servants in this country; but this is by no means the 事例／患者 in the 設立 of all 植民／開拓者s. As the lot of a slave depends upon the character of his master, so the 条件 of a 罪人／有罪を宣告する depends upon the temper and disposition of the 植民／開拓者 to whom he is 割り当てるd. On this account Sir George Arthur, late 知事 of 先頭 Diemen's Land, に例えるd the 罪人／有罪を宣告する to a slave, and 述べるd him "as 奪うd of liberty, exposed to all the caprice of the family to whose service he may happen to be 割り当てるd, and 支配する to the most 要約 法律s; his 条件" (said Sir George) "in no 尊敬（する）・点 異なるs from that of the slave, except that his master cannot 適用する corporal 罰 by his own 手渡すs or those of his overseer, and has a 所有物／資産／財産 in him for a 限られた／立憲的な period. Idleness and insolence of 表現, or of looks, anything betraying the 謀反の spirit, 支配する him to the chain-ギャング（団） or the triangle, or hard 労働 on the roads."
On the other 手渡す, a 罪人／有罪を宣告する, if ill-扱う／治療するd, may complain of his master; and if he 立証する his 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 the master is 奪うd of his services; but for this 目的 the 罪人／有罪を宣告する must go before a （法廷の）裁判, いつかs a hundred miles distant, composed of 治安判事s, most of whom are owners of 罪人／有罪を宣告する 労働. 合法的な 是正する is therefore rarely sought for, and still more rarely 得るd by the 負傷させるd 罪人／有罪を宣告する.
With regard to the general 行為／行う of 割り当てるd 農業の labourers, there was a かなりの 多様制 of opinion. The 証拠, however, of Sir G. Arthur, appears to your 委員会 to be conclusive on this point, with regard to which he wrote to the 国務長官 for the 植民地s in the に引き続いて 条件:
"You cannot, my Lord, have an idea of the vexations which …を伴って the 雇用 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs or of the vicissitudes attendant upon their assignment. Their 罪，犯罪s and 不品行／姦通 伴う／関わる the 植民／開拓者s in daily trouble, expense, and 失望. The discipline and 支配（する）／統制する of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs in 先頭 Diemen's Land is carried, perhaps, to a higher degree than could have ever been 熟視する／熟考するd. Many of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs have been 大いに 改革（する）d when in the service of considerate and judicious masters; but, with all this abatement, there is so much peculation, so much insubordination, insolence, disobedience of lawful orders, and so much drunkenness, that 言及／関連 to the magisterial 当局 is constant, and always …に出席するd with loss of time and expense to the 植民／開拓者s. There can be no 疑問 things appear better in the 植民地 than they really are; for, in numberless instances, masters are known to 服従させる／提出する to peculation rather than 背負い込む the 付加 expense of 起訴するing their servants. Two hundred felons, after having been for a longtime under confinement in the gaols or hulks of England, and subsequently pent up on board a 輸送（する）, are placed in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the masters or their スパイ／執行官s to whom they have been 割り当てるd. The master has then to take the 罪人／有罪を宣告する to his home (either to the other extremity of the island, a distance of 140 miles, or nearer, as the 事例／患者 may be), and 井戸／弁護士席 would it be if he could get him 静かに there, but the contrary is of too たびたび（訪れる） occurrence. Either with some money the 罪人／有罪を宣告する has secreted, or from the bounty of some old 知識, the 割り当てるd servant, now relieved for the first time for some months from personal 抑制, eludes the vigilance of his new master, finds his way into a public-house, and the first notice the 植民／開拓者 has of his servant, for whom he has travelled to Hobart Town, for whose 着せる／賦与するing he has paid the 政府, for whose 慰安 he has, perhaps, made other little 前進するs, is, that he is 宿泊するd in the watch-house with loss of half his 着せる／賦与するing, or committed to gaol for 重罪."
The members of the anti-emancipist party in New South むちの跡s せいにする the 増加する of 罪，犯罪 in that 植民地 partly to 申し立てられた／疑わしい 緩和 of 罪人／有罪を宣告する discipline under Sir Richard Bourke; partly to the 活動／戦闘 of the 陪審／陪審員団 法律s, which 許す persons who have been 罪人／有罪を宣告するs to become 賠審員s; and lastly, to the 増加するing number of emancipists.
The first-について言及するd 原因（となる） of the 増加する of 罪，犯罪 in New South むちの跡s 言及するs to the ４半期/4分の1 開会／開廷／会期 行為／法令／行動する, passed in 1833; by that 行為／法令／行動する, the 要約 裁判権 of 選び出す／独身 治安判事s over 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, was somewhat 減らすd, and a 治安判事 was 妨げるd from （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるing more than 50 攻撃するs for a 選び出す／独身 offence, instead of 150 which he might have given before at three separate inflictions. These （民事の）告訴s do not seem to your 委員会 to have the slightest 創立／基礎 in fact, and Sir Richard Bourke appears to have 行為／法令／行動するd with 知恵, 司法（官）, and humanity in his 治療 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告する 全住民.
With regard to the second 申し立てられた／疑わしい 原因（となる） of the 増加する of 罪，犯罪, すなわち, the 陪審／陪審員団 法律s, your 委員会 need hardly repeat, that the 井戸／弁護士席-proven 影響 of transportation is to demoralize, not to 改革（する） an 違反者／犯罪者; therefore, in a community like New South むちの跡s, wherein so large a 割合 of the 全住民 are persons who have been 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, to 許す such persons 一般に to sit upon 陪審／陪審員団s must evidently have an injurious 影響. Your 委員会, however, must 観察する, that under a good system of 罰, an 違反者／犯罪者 should, at the 満期 of his 宣告，判決, be considered to have atoned for his 罪，犯罪s, and he should be permitted to 開始する a new career without any 言及／関連 to his past one.
With regard to the last 申し立てられた／疑わしい 原因（となる） of the 増加する of 罪，犯罪, すなわち, the 増加するing number of emancipists; little 疑問, your 委員会 think, can be entertained of the pernicious consequences of 毎年 turning loose a number of unreclaimed 違反者／犯罪者s on so small a community as that of New South むちの跡s.
One of the supposed advantages of transportation is, that it 妨げるs this country from 存在 burthened with 犯罪の 違反者／犯罪者s, after the 満期 of their 宣告，判決s. It is now, however, evident that transportation does not tend to 減らす the sum total of offences committed in the British Dominions; it may, perhaps, relieve 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain and Ireland from a 部分 of their burthen of 罪，犯罪; though, from the little 逮捕 which transportation produces, that fact may be reasonably 疑問d. On the other 手渡す, it only 移転s and 悪化させるs the burthen upon 部分s of the British Dominions, which, like New South むちの跡s, and 先頭 Diemen's Land, are least able to 耐える it.
In 1836, the 解放する／自由な 全住民 of New South むちの跡s 量d to 49,255, of whom about 17,000 had been 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. In 1834, the 解放する／自由な 全住民 of 先頭 Diemen's Land did not 越える 23,315, of whom about 3,000 were 満了する／死ぬs.
Of the 明言する／公表する of society in the towns of these 植民地s, a general idea may be formed from a description of Sydney, によれば the accounts given of it, by the 長，指導者 Police 治安判事 and by Mr. 司法（官） Burton. In 1836 Sydney covered an area of about 2,000 acres and 含む／封じ込めるd about 20,000 inhabitants; of this number 3,500 were 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, most of them in 割り当てるd service, and about 7,000 had probably been 囚人s of the 栄冠を与える. These, together with their associates amongst the 解放する／自由な 全住民, were persons of violent and uncontrollable passions, which most of them 所有するd no lawful means of gratifying; incorrigibly bad characters, preferring a life of idleness and debauchery by means of plunder to one of honest 産業. 押し込み強盗s and 強盗s were frequently （罪などを）犯すd by 罪人／有罪を宣告する servants in the town and its 周辺, いつかs even in the middle of the day. No town 申し込む／申し出d so many 施設s for eluding the vigilance of the police as Sydney did. The unoccupied bush 近づく and within it afforded 避難所 to the 違反者／犯罪者 and hid him from 追跡. He might steal or 雇う a boat and in a few minutes place an arm of the sea between himself and his pursuers. The want of 連続 in the buildings afforded 広大な／多数の／重要な 施設s for lying in wait for 適切な時期s of committing 罪，犯罪, for instant concealment on the approach of the police, and for 得るing 接近 to the 支援するs of houses and shops; and the drunkenness, idleness, and carelessness of a 広大な／多数の／重要な 割合 of the inhabitants afforded innumerable 適切な時期s and 誘惑s, both by day and night, for those who chose to live by plunder. The greater 部分 of the shopkeepers and the middling class had been 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, for the tradesmen connected with the 犯罪の 全住民 have an advantage over 解放する／自由な emigrants.
Those of the emancipists who were 所有するd of 所有物／資産／財産 had 一般に acquired it by dishonest means, by keeping grog-shops, 賭事ing-houses, by receiving 盗品, and by other nefarious practices; they led a life of 甚だしい／１２ダース licentiousness; but their wealth and 影響（力） were such that one-fourth of the 賠審員s who served in the civil and 刑事裁判所s during the years 1834, 1835, and 1836, belonged to their number. More immorality 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd in Sydney than in any other town of the same size in the British Dominions; there, the 副／悪徳行為 of drunkenness had 達成するd its highest pitch; the 量 of spirits 消費するd in Sydney was enormous; even throughout the whole of New South むちの跡s the 年次の 普通の／平均（する）, for every human 存在 in the 植民地 had reached four gallons a 長，率いる. Such, によれば the 当局 already 引用するd, are the towns to which transportation has given birth; and such are the inmates furnished to them by the 犯罪の 法廷s of this country.
Your 委員会 having, in the 先行する pages of their 報告（する）／憶測, discussed the nature and 影響s of transportation, and what alterations can be made in the 存在するing system, now consider that they have submitted the most unquestionable proofs that the two main 特徴 of transportation, as a 罰, are inefficiency in deterring from 罪，犯罪s, and remarkable efficiency, not in 改革（する）ing, but in still その上の corrupting those who を受ける the 罰; that these 質s of inefficiency for good, and efficiency for evil, are inherent in the system, which, therefore, is not susceptible of any 満足な 改良; and lastly, that there belongs to the system, extrinsically from its strange character as a 罰, the yet more curious and monstrous evil of calling into 存在, and continually 延長するing, societies, or the germs of nations most 完全に depraved, as 尊敬（する）・点s both the character and degree of their vicious propensities. Your 委員会, therefore, are of the opinion that the 現在の system of transportation should be 廃止するd, and will now proceed to 申し込む／申し出 a few 観察s as to the description of 罰 which, in their opinion, せねばならない be 代用品，人d in the stead of transportation.
Source.—Port Phillip Gazette
In 1844 New South むちの跡s (含むing the Port Phillip and Moreton Bay 地区s) was 認めるd 代表者／国会議員 政府, but the distance between Sydney and Melbourne and the disproportion of 代表者／国会議員s made it a farce as far as Port Phillip was 関心d. Melbourne proceeded to 論証する to the British 政府 the necessity for 分離. Victoria was 設立するd as a separate 植民地 in 1851.
Jan. 3rd, 1848. The 分離 Despatch.—To such writers as cannot comprehend the 政策 of the Russell 行政, it is ありふれた to decry everything which they have 試みる／企てるd, as stupid and impracticable; but we, who みなす ourselves wiser in our 世代, 見解（をとる） their 行為／行う in a very different light, and give them credit for no ordinary talent; 広大な／多数の／重要な energy, and more perseverance in our 事件／事情／状勢s, than can be, under 存在するing circumstances, ascribed to any 省 in our day. They took office at a period of 広大な／多数の／重要な political excitement, and still they have 充てるd much attention to 植民地の 利益／興味s; and they have 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の （人命などを）奪う，主張するs upon our beloved Victoria, having 認めるd us that boon we long 需要・要求するd in vain from former 大臣s.
The Despatch 公式に 発表するs that Earl Grey is to bring in a 法案 for the 分離 of this, from the Middle 地区 at last, and that we will form a 植民地 of our own, under the new 指名する of Victoria. The 憲法 of this 植民地 will to some extent be identified with those of the other Australian 植民地s.
At 現在の, Earl Grey has put 前へ／外へ 簡単に the general 原則s; the 詳細（に述べる）s, he says, will form 事柄 for serious consideration and anxious 審議.
We 心配する some of the Sydney papers will be coming out with a cart-負担 of nonsense; running 負かす／撃墜する Earl Grey's 計画（する）, but we will defend it from their senseless and ignorant declamation.
Monday, July 10th, 1848. Political Gazette. The 選挙s.
Our readers must be aware that the 令状s for the 選挙 of members to serve in the new 法律を制定する 会議 of the 植民地 of New South むちの跡s, have been 問題／発行するd, and that his Worship the 市長 of Melbourne will 持つ／拘留する a 会合 of the electors of the City of Melbourne, in 前線 of the 最高裁判所 House, La Trobe St. on Tuesday, 25th day of July, for the 指名／任命 of a member to serve in said 会議 for the 選挙（人）の 地区 of Melbourne.
Wednesday, July 19th, 1848. The 選挙s.
The outrageous 試みる／企てる to thrust Mr. Adam Bogue upon the 地区, as one of our members for the 法律を制定する 会議, has 陳列する，発揮するd that we are looked upon as a 避難 for the destitute; and that the opinion of Port Phillip in Sydney is, that any beardless boy without 指名する, character, or 所有物／資産／財産 may be raised upon our shoulders into an office of 広大な／多数の／重要な 影響（力）, and almost 最高の importance.
We have the 福利事業 of the 地区 心から at heart, and we advise the electors to return no members from Sydney. Let them 指名する Port Phillip men and Port Phillip 居住（者）s whether they can go to Sydney or not. We entreat the electors not to be made the 器具 of 破壊 to themselves; let them not elect Sydney members to plunder Port Phillip.
Electors, place five Port Phillip men in 指名／任命, and one half of them may go up to Sydney, who would be 価値（がある） a thousand Sydney Adam Bogues.
Remember that the 指名／任命 will take place to-morrow, opposite the 法廷，裁判所 House at noon. We have no wish to 扱う／治療する the pretensions of any person who comes 今後 as a 候補者 for a public office with disrespect; but we cannot regard the 試みる／企てる of a young man of neither standing nor 資本／首都 to thrust himself into the 法律を制定する 会議 on Port Phillip 影響（力）, other than a piece of impertinence. We should, however, have passed it unnoticed, had not this very same person 侮辱d every man in this 州 so recently, by endeavouring to throw Port Phillip out of the line of steam communication with England—when Port Phillip 手配中の，お尋ね者 a friend he gave her a kick, and this should have been the last 地区 for Mr. Bogue to make an 申し込む／申し出 of his services to.
Wednesday, July 26th, 1848. To-day's 選挙.
We 認可するd of the 原則 of returning no members for the 法律を制定する 会議 (so far as the 地区 was 関心d) and we 悔いる that an 試みる／企てる is about to be made to 倒す these 訴訟／進行s, by returning a Member for Melbourne in the person of J.F.L. Foster, Esq.
This is a question upon which, we are aware, some difference of opinion 存在するs; but, having 開始するd the 原則, so far as the 地区 is 関心d, we せねばならない carry it out; if we 行為／法令／行動する さもなければ it will be thrown in the teeth of the 国民s of Melbourne that they disfranchised the 地区 and then returned a Member on their own account to 代表する their city.
There 要求するd, however, to be unanimity to 遂行する this, and some of the electors having 提案するd Mr. Foster as a fit and proper person to 代表する the City; those who were in favour of carrying out the 原則 already 可決する・採択するd at the 地区 会合, had nothing left but to bring 今後 an 対抗者 to Mr. Foster, and in the person of the 権利 Hon. Earl Grey has this 対抗者 been 設立する.
True, did the City wish to send a practical man, we are willing to accede that Earl Grey is not in a position to sit and work for us in the 会議, but we wish, by electing a man who cannot 行為／法令／行動する, at any 率 for eighteen months, to carry out the 原則 which the Electors of the 地区 have already agreed to be 訂正する; we みなす it then the 義務 of every honest man in this community to give his 投票（する） to Earl Grey, not so much out of 尊敬（する）・点 for His Lordship, as to carry out a 原則; a 原則 to which we consider the honour of Melbourne to be 誓約（する）d.
Mr. Foster is, no 疑問, a very excellent 肉親，親類d of man, but having been 孤立した by his friends, on the morning of the 地区 選挙, we must look upon him as 棚上げにするd for the 現在の. Let us then return Earl Grey as one member, and it may do us more good than we can 井戸／弁護士席 conceive at 現在の, as it will give His Lordship a practical illustration of our helplessness, and thus 急いで on 分離.
急いで then, electors to the 投票! and 記録，記録的な／記録する your 投票（する） in favour of Earl Grey and SEPARATION!!
The 投票 開始するs at Nine o'clock this morning.
Saturday, July 29th. 国内の Gazette. 選挙 of a 代表者／国会議員 for the City of Melbourne.—On Wednesday last, no little commotion was created by the 選挙 of a member (名目上) to 代表する the 利益／興味s of the 国民s of Melbourne in the 法律を制定する 会議, but the thinking 部分 of the community having arrived at the 結論 that 代表 in the 法律を制定する 会議 at Sydney, under 存在するing circumstances, was a farce, had 決定するd, 事実上, upon 可決する・採択するing a 類似の course to that 追求するd at the 指名／任命 of 候補者s for the 地区, and the 権利 Hon. Earl Grey was その結果 提案するd as a fit and proper person to 代表する our 利益／興味s in the 法律を制定する 会議, and this proposition, with two or three exceptions, met with 全員一致の 是認 at the 会合. After the first hour's 投票ing, it was （疑いを）晴らす that Mr. Foster had no chance, and as this became more and more 明らかな as the day 前進するd, some hundreds of 投票者s who had ーするつもりであるd to support the favourite were deterred from doing so under a 有罪の判決 that their 投票（する）s would not be 要求するd, and the unfavourable 明言する／公表する of the 天候 中和する／阻止するd the 願望（する） to be 現在の at the scene of 活動／戦闘. It was understood that the 市長 would, on the に引き続いて day, 宣言する on whom the 選挙 had fallen, and at noon, many hundred persons and, notwithstanding the still unfavourable 明言する／公表する of the 天候, 組み立てる／集結するd outside the 最高の 法廷，裁判所 House, and a few minutes afterwards the excellent 禁止（する）d of the Total Abstinence Society, might be seen wending their way to the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す, 長，率いるd by Mr. J.P. Fawkner.
The 市長 演説（する）／住所d the 会合 as follows:—"Gentlemen, I have called you together again for the 目的 of 宣言するing on whom the late 選挙 has fallen, but 以前 to doing so I will read two 抗議するs, one of which has been sent to a 副 returning officer, and the other to myself." His worship then read the 抗議するs, which are as follows:—"I, the undersigned burgher of Bourke 区, do hereby 抗議する against the Returning Officer receiving any 投票（する）s for the 権利 Hon. Earl Grey, on the に引き続いて grounds:—
"First, that Earl Grey as a Peer of the British 議会 cannot 持つ／拘留する a seat in a 植民地の House of 法律を制定する 代表.
"Second, That he cannot move Her Majesty in two 際立った 立法機関s.
"Third, That he is not qualified によれば the 行為／法令／行動する.
"Fourth, That he is an absentee, and there is no one 現在の to 代表する him—to 明言する／公表する that he will sit if elected.
(調印するd) "Sidney Stephen, Barrister-at-法律."
The 市長 発言／述べるd that these 抗議するs were very respectably 調印するd, and were deserving of attention, but although they were 調印するd by 非常に／多数の lawyers he believed he was relieved of all difficulty on the 支配する by 存在 guided by the 96th 条項 of the 憲法の 行為／法令／行動する which （判決などを）下すd it imperative that all （民事の）告訴s of this nature must be 演説（する）／住所d in the form of a 嘆願（書） to the 知事 and must be 演説（する）／住所d by one of the 候補者s, or one-tenth of the whole of the electors. Several other 当局 were then referred to by His Worship, who 表明するd himself 完全に 満足させるd as to the course he せねばならない 追求する, and 発表するd the に引き続いて as the final 明言する／公表する of the 投票 in the 各々の 区s.
| WARDS | GREY | FOSTER |
|---|---|---|
| Gipps 区 . . . | 50 | 17 |
| La Trobe 区 . . | 102 | 15 |
| Bourke 区 . . . | 43 | 32 |
| Lonsdale 区 . . | 100 | 28 |
| ---- | ---- | |
| 295 | 92 |
leaving a 大多数 for Earl Grey of 203, who was 宣言するd まっただ中に enthusiastic 元気づける, to be duly elected as a member of the 法律を制定する 会議 for the 選挙（人）の 地区 of the City of Melbourne.
Source.—A Lady's Visit to the Gold Diggings of Australia in 1852-53 (Mrs. Charles Clacy), pp. 19-29, 82-85
Gold was discovered in Australia at a time when the people of every nation in Europe were 需要・要求するing a greater 株 in their 各々の 政府s. Many who immigrated in search of gold took a 主要な part in making the Australian 政府s democratic.
Melbourne, 1852.—The 非，不，無-arrival of the Mail-steamer left us now no other care save the all-important one of procuring food and 避難所. Scouts were accordingly despatched to the best hotels; they returned with long 直面するs—"十分な." The second-率, and in fact every respectable inn and 搭乗 or 宿泊するing-house were tried, but with no better success. Here and there, a 独房監禁 bed could be 得るd, but for our digging-party entire, which consisted of my brother, four shipmates, and myself, no accommodation could be procured, and we wished, if possible, to keep together. "It's a 事例／患者," ejaculated one. At this moment the two last 捜査員s approached, their countenances not やめる so woebegone as before. "井戸／弁護士席?" exclaimed we all in chorus, as we surrounded them, too impatient to interrogate at greater length. Thank Heavens! they had been successful! The housekeeper of a 外科医, who with his wife had just gone up to Forest Creek, would receive us to board and 宿泊する for thirty shillings a week each: but as the accommodation was of the indifferent order, it was not yet as une 事件／事情／状勢 arrangée. On さらに先に 調査, we 設立する the indifferent accommodation consisted in there 存在 but one small sleeping-room for the gentlemen, and myself to 株 the bed and apartment of the 一時的な mistress. This was vastly superior to gipsying in the dirty streets, so we lost no time in 安全な・保証するing our new 寝台／地位s; and ere very long, with appetites 衰えていない by these petty 苦悩s, we did ample 司法（官） to the dinner which our really kindly hostess quickly placed before us.
The first night on shore after so long a voyage could scarcely seem さもなければ than strange, one 行方不明になるd the eternal 激しく揺するing at which so many 不平（をいう） on board ship. Dogs (Melbourne is 十分な of them) kept up an incessant barking; revolvers were 割れ目ing in all directions till daybreak, giving one a pleasant idea of the 明言する／公表する of society. The next few days were busy ones for all, though rather dismal to me, as I was 限定するd almost 完全に indoors, 借りがあるing to the awful 明言する／公表する of the streets; for in the 植民地s, at this season of the year, one may go out 用意が出来ている for 罰金 天候, with blue sky above, and 乾燥した，日照りの underfoot, and in いっそう少なく than an hour, should a 植民地の にわか雨 come on, be unable to cross some of the streets without a plank 存在 placed from the middle of the road to the pathway, or the 代案／選択肢 of walking in water up to the 膝s.
Our party, on returning to the ship the day after our arrival, 証言，証人／目撃するd the French-leave-taking of all her 乗組員, who, during the absence of the Captain, jumped overboard, and were quickly 選ぶd up and landed by the さまざまな boats about. This desertion of the ships by the sailors is an every-day occurrence; the diggings themselves, or the large 量 they could 得る for the run home from another master, 申し込む／申し出 too many 誘惑s. その結果, our 乗客s had the amusement of 運ぶ／漁獲高ing up from the 持つ／拘留する their different goods and chattels; and so 広大な／多数の／重要な was the 混乱, that fully a week elapsed before they were all got to shore. 一方／合間, we were getting 始めるd into 植民地の prices—money did, indeed, take to itself wings and 飛行機で行く away. 解雇する／砲火／射撃-武器 were at a 賞与金; one instance will 十分である—my brother sold a six-barrelled revolver for which he had given sixty shillings at パン職人's, in (n)艦隊／(a)素早い Street, for sixteen 続けざまに猛撃するs, and the parting with it at that price was looked upon as a 広大な／多数の／重要な favour. Imagine boots, and they were very second-率 ones, at four 続けざまに猛撃するs a pair. One of our between-deck 乗客s who had 推測するd with a small 資本／首都 of forty 続けざまに猛撃するs in boots and cutlery, told me afterwards that he had 性質の／したい気がして of them the same evening he landed at a 逮捕する 利益（をあげる） of ninety 続けざまに猛撃するs—no trifling 新規加入 to a poor man's purse. 労働 was at a very high price, carpenters, boot and shoe 製造者s, tailors, wheelwrights, joiners, smiths, glaziers, and, in fact, all useful 貿易（する）s, were 収入 from twenty to thirty shillings a day—the very men working on the roads could get eleven shillings per diem, and many a gentleman in this disarranged 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s, was glad to fling old habits aside and turn his 手渡す to whatever （機の）カム readiest. I knew one in particular, whose brother is at this moment serving as a 陸軍大佐 in the army in India, a man more fitted for a gay London life than a 住居 in the 植民地s. The diggings were too dirty and 野蛮な for his taste, his 資本／首都 was quickly dwindling away beneath the expenses of the comfortable life he led at one of the best hotels in town, so he turned to what as a boy he had learnt as an amusement, and 得るd an 新規加入 to his income, of more than four hundred 続けざまに猛撃するs a year as house carpenter. In the morning you might see him trudging off to his work, and before night might 会合，会う him at some ball or soirée の中で the エリート of Melbourne.
I shall not 試みる／企てる an (a)手の込んだ／(v)詳述する description of the town of Melbourne, or its 隣人ing villages. The town is very 井戸／弁護士席 laid out; the streets (which are all straight, running 平行の with and across one another) are very wide, but are incomplete, not lighted, and many are unpaved. 借りがあるing to the want of lamps, few, except when 十分な moon, dare 動かす out after dark. Some of the shops are very fair; but the goods all partake too 大部分は of the flash order, for the 目的 of 控訴ing the tastes of successful diggers, their wives, and families; it is ludicrous to see them in the shops—men who before the gold-地雷s were discovered toiled hard for their daily bread taking off half-a-dozen 厚い gold （犯罪の）一味s from their fingers, and trying to pull on to their rough, 井戸／弁護士席-常習的な 手渡すs the best white kids, to be worn at some wedding party, whilst the wife, proud of the novel ornament, descants on the folly of hiding them beneath such useless articles as gloves.
The walking inhabitants are of themselves a 熟考する／考慮する; ちらりと見ること into the streets—all nations, classes, and 衣装s are 代表するd there. Chinamen, with pigtails and loose trousers; aborigines, with a 独房監禁 一面に覆う／毛布 flung over them; Vandemonian 選ぶ-pockets, with cunning 注目する，もくろむs and light fingers—all, in fact, from the successful digger in his blue serge shirt, and with green 隠す still hanging 一連の会議、交渉／完成する his wideawake, to the fashionably attired, newly-arrived "gent" from London, who 星／主役にするs 一連の会議、交渉／完成する him in amazement and disgust. You may see, and hear too, some 完全に 植民地の scenes in the streets. Once, in the middle of the day, when passing up Elizabeth Street, I heard the unmistakable sound of a 暴徒 behind, and as it was 伸び（る）ing upon me, I turned into the enclosed ground in 前線 of the Roman カトリック教徒 Cathedral to keep out of the way of the （人が）群がる. A man had been taken up for horse-stealing, and a rare ruffianly 始める，決める of both sexes were に引き続いて the 囚人 and the two policemen who had him in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金. "If but six of ye were of my mind," shouted one, "it's this moment you'd 解放（する） him." The （人が）群がる took the hint, and to it they 始める，決める with 権利 good will, yelling, 断言するing, and 押し進めるing with awful 暴力／激しさ. The owner of the stolen horse got up a 反対する demonstration, and every few yards the 行列 was 延期するd by a 裁判，公判 of strength between the two parties. 最終的に, the police 征服する／打ち勝つd; but this is not always the 事例／患者, and often lives are lost and 四肢s broken in the struggle, so weak is the 軍隊 持続するd by the 植民地の 政府 for the 保護 of order.
THE DIGGINGS
Of the history of the 発見 of gold in Australia I believe few are ignorant. The first supposed 発見 took place some sixty years ago at Port Jackson. A 罪人／有罪を宣告する made known to 知事 Phillip the 存在 of an auriferous 地域 近づく Sydney, and on the locality 存在 診察するd 粒子s of real gold-dust were 設立する. Every one was astonished, and several other 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs were tried without success. 疑惑 was now excited, and the 事件／事情／状勢 underwent a 徹底的な examination, which elicited the に引き続いて facts: The 罪人／有罪を宣告する, in the hope of 得るing his 容赦 as a reward, had とじ込み／提出するd a guinea and some 厚かましさ／高級将校連 buttons, which, judicially mixed, made a tolerable pile of gold-dust, and this he carefully 分配するd over a small tract of sandy land. In lieu of the 推定する／予想するd freedom, his ingenuity was rewarded with の近くに confinement and other 罰s. Thus ended the first idea of a gold-field in these 植民地s.
Suddenly, in 1851, at the time that the approaching 開始 of the 水晶 Palace was the 主要な／長／主犯 支配する of attention in England, the 植民地s of Australia were in a 明言する／公表する of far greater excitement; as the news spread like wildfire, far and wide, that gold was really there. To Edward Hammon Hargreaves be given the honour of this 発見. This gentleman was an old Australian 植民／開拓者, just returned from a trip to California, where he had been struck by the similarity of the 地質学の 形式 of the mountain 範囲s in his 可決する・採択するd country to that of the Sacramento 地区. On his return he すぐに searched for the precious metal; Ophir, the Turon, and Bathurst 井戸／弁護士席 repaid his 労働. Thus 開始するd the gold-diggings of New South むちの跡s.
The good people of Victoria were rather jealous of the importance given by these events to the other 植民地. 委員会s were formed and rewards were 申し込む／申し出d for the 発見 of a gold-field in Victoria. The 告示 of the Clunes diggings in July 1851 was the result; they were 据えるd on a 支流 of the Lodden. On 8 September those of Ballarat, and on the 10th those of 開始する Alexander 完全に 満足させるd the most 懐疑的な as to the 広大な mineral wealth of the 植民地. Bendigo soon was heard of, and gully after gully 首尾よく attracted the attention of the public by the 陳列する，発揮する of their golden treasures.
Source.—The Gold Digger (Rev. David Mackenzie, M.A.), pp. 28-31
The excitement produced throughout the 植民地s, but 特に in Sydney and Melbourne, by the 出版（物） of the gold 発見, may be inferred from the に引き続いて facts: In one week 上向きs of 2,000 persons were counted on the road to the Bathurst diggings, and only eleven coming 負かす／撃墜する. Hundreds of men, of all classes and 条件s, threw up their 状況／情勢s, and leaving their wives and families behind them, started for the diggings. Whole 乗組員s ran away from their ships, which were left to rot in our harbours, the men having willingly 没収されるd all their 給料, 着せる／賦与するs, etc. Within one week the prices of the に引き続いて goods rose twenty-five per cent. in Sydney: flour, tea, sugar, rice, タバコ, warm 着せる／賦与するing, and boots. Throughout all the towns nothing was saleable but 準備／条項s and diggers' 道具s and 着せる／賦与するing. Every man who could 扱う a 選ぶ or spade was off, or 準備するing to be off, for the gold-fields. The roads were （人が）群がるd with travellers, carriages, gigs, drays, carts, and wheelbarrows; mixed up in one 混乱させるd assemblage might be seen 治安判事s, lawyers, 内科医s, clerks, tradesmen, and labourers.
The building of houses, 橋（渡しをする）s, etc., was 一時停止するd for want of tradesmen, nearly all of them having gone to the diggings. Many houses might be seen half-finished for want of men to proceed with the work, though the owners or 請負業者s were 申し込む／申し出ing enormously high 給料 to any that would 完全にする the work. The fields were left unsown, flocks of sheep were 砂漠d by their shepherds. With one 株主 who has twenty thousand sheep, there remained only two men. Masters were seen 運動ing their own drays; and ladies of respectability and ample means were 強いるd to cook the family dinner. Servants and 見習い工s were off in a 団体／死体; and even the very "devils" bolted from the newspaper offices; in short, the yellow fever 掴むd on all classes of society. In twenty-four hours prices of 準備／条項s 二塁打d at Bathurst and the 隣人ing places. In all our steamers and 貿易（する）ing 大型船s the 率 of passage was raised, in consequence of the necessary 増加する in the 給料 of seamen. All the 貿易（する）s held their 会合s, at which a new 関税 of 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s was agreed upon; and even the publicans raised at least twenty-five per cent. the prices of their ワインs, beer, and spirits.
先頭 Diemen's Land and New Zealand 注ぐd upon our shores shiploads of adventurers, attracted by the golden news; and South Australia is now almost drained of its 労働ing 全住民, one of the consequences of which is that the 株 in the famous Burra Burra 巡査 地雷s there have fallen from &続けざまに猛撃する;230 to &続けざまに猛撃する;45, a 落ちる which has entailed 廃虚 on hundreds.
In walking along the streets of Sydney or Melbourne you hear nothing talked about but gold; you see nothing 展示（する）d in shop windows but 見本／標本s of gold, or some article of 器具／備品 for the gold-digger. In every society gold is the interminable topic of conversation; and throughout the 植民地s the only newspapers now read are those which 含む／封じ込める 知能 from our golden fields.
Soon after the 発見 the 政府 of New South むちの跡s, seeing that it could not 妨げる the community from digging for gold on 栄冠を与える lands, 静かに made virtue of necessity, and 単に sought to 合法化する and 規制する the diggings by the に引き続いて 告示, published in the "公式の／役人 Gazette":
植民地の 長官's Office,
Sydney, 23rd May, 1851.
Licenses to Dig and Search for Gold.
With 言及／関連 to the 布告／宣言 問題／発行するd on the 22nd May instant, 宣言するing the 権利s of the 栄冠を与える in 尊敬（する）・点 to Gold 設立する in its natural place of deposit within the 領土 of New South むちの跡s, His Excellency the 知事, with the advice of the (n)役員／(a)執行力のある 会議, has been pleased to 設立する the に引き続いて 一時的に 規則s, under which Licenses may be 得るd, to search for, and 除去する the same:
1. From and after the first day of June next, no person will be permitted to dig, search for, or 除去する gold on or from any land, whether public or 私的な, without first taking out and 支払う／賃金ing for a License in the form 別館d.
2. For the 現在の, and 未解決の その上の proof of the extent of the Gold-field, the License 料金 has been 直す／買収する，八百長をするd at &続けざまに猛撃する;1 10s. per month, to be paid in 前進する; but it is to be understood that the 率 is 支配する to 未来 調整, as circumstances may （判決などを）下す expedient.
3. The Licenses can be 得るd on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す, from the Commissioner who has been 任命するd by His Excellency the 知事, to carry these 規則s into 影響, and who is 権限を与えるd to receive the 料金 payable thereon.
4. No person will be 適格の to 得る a License, or the 再開 of a License, unless he shall produce a 証明書 of 発射する／解雇する from his last service, or 証明する to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that he is not a person improperly absent from 雇うd service.
5. 支配するs, adjusting the extent and position of land to be covered by each License and for the 予防 of 混乱, and the 干渉，妨害 of one License with another will be the 支配する of 早期に 規則.
6. With 言及／関連 to lands 疎遠にするd by the 栄冠を与える, in 料金 simple, the Commissioner will not be 権限を与えるd for the 現在の to 問題／発行する Licenses under the 規則s to any persons but the proprietors, or persons 権限を与えるd by them in 令状ing to 適用する for the same.
By his Excellency's 命令（する）,
E. FEAS THOMSON.
Source.—The Golden 植民地 (G.H. Wathen, 1855), pp. 49-53, 78-81
Even on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す it is often very difficult to learn when, by whom, and in what manner, a new gold 地区 is first discovered. When the 産する／生じる of an old working begins to fail, the diggers throw out small "prospecting" parties of twos and threes, to 調査する 約束ing localities. These "prospectors" may occasionally make important 発見s; but far more frequently they are the result of chance, or of the desultory 成果／努力s of shepherds and other servants of the 植民／開拓者s 居住（者） in the particular locality. It いつかs happens that a digging party, travelling from one 地区 to another, （軍の）野営地，陣営 for a night in a valley which they may think looks very 約束ing. 存在 延期するd here, perhaps, by the loss of their horse, or some other 事故, they 沈む a 炭坑，オーケストラ席 or "穴を開ける" in a "likely 位置／汚点／見つけ出す." At length some one strikes a rich deposit. If so, it cannot long remain a secret. A few dozens or 得点する／非難する／２０s are すぐに at work on the 隣接する ground; and if these too are successful the news spreads like wild-解雇する／砲火／射撃, and within a week all the roads and 跡をつけるs 主要な to the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す are covered with diggers and their carts, on the way to the new Dorado—the newest 存在 always by 報告（する）／憶測 the best and richest. In a few days the hills around the new working are dotted over with white テントs, the forest around them quickly disappears, 存在 felled for firewood. 政府, on 審理，公聴会 of the 発見, sends 負かす／撃墜する a Commissioner with a 団体／死体 of horse and foot police. These 設立する a （軍の）野営地，陣営 on some central elevated position, and an 不規律な wide street of テントs springs up like 魔法 in the valley below. There are 蓄える／店s, large and small; butchers' shops; doctors' little テントs; and innumerable refreshment booths, where, under the guise of selling lemonade and home-made beer, an 広範囲にわたる illicit 貿易（する） is carried on in vile, adulterated, and often poisonous spirits. The blacksmith is always one of the first on the ground, and presently extemporises a (1)偽造する／(2)徐々に進む out of a few loose 石／投石するs or turf-sods. 旗s are 飛行機で行くing from the 蓄える／店s and shops, and give gaiety to the scene. The Union Jack floats proudly above the 政府 （軍の）野営地，陣営 on the hill, and 軍の sentinels are on 義務 before the gold-テント.
As the diggers reach the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す they pitch their テントs on the lower slopes of the hills or in the green flats. At night their watch-解雇する／砲火／射撃s gleam far and wide, and from a 隣人ing 高さ the place has the 外見 of a large town illuminated. A new goldfield is the favourite 訴える手段／行楽地 of horse stealers, thieves, and miscreants of all 肉親，親類d, who, lost in the （人が）群がる and 混乱, here find ample 適切な時期s for carrying on their nefarious practices. Their ありふれた haunts are the "sly grog-shops" which spring up like 少しのd on all 味方するs. Here they rendezvous, and concoct those 行為s of 不明瞭 which have given the 植民地 such an unenviable fame.
Horses are stolen and ridden off to Melbourne, Geelong, or to the nearest goldfield and sold by auction. The roads 主要な to the new diggings become infested with bushrangers; stories of 存在 "stuck up" (or robbed) are more and more たびたび（訪れる）; till at length a cartload of ruffians, ひどく 手錠d, is seen moving に向かって the 政府 （軍の）野営地，陣営 井戸／弁護士席 guarded by 機動力のある 州警察官，騎馬警官s. These are the bushrangers who have been 追跡（する）d 負かす／撃墜する and just 逮捕（する）d by the 州警察官，騎馬警官s. And now for a time the roads are 安全な.
No life can be more 独立した・無所属 and 解放する／自由な than that of the Australian digger; no travelling more agreeable than summer travelling in the Bush; carrying about with you in your cart your テント, your larder, and all your 国内の 任命s. In choosing a 停止（させる）ing place for the night you have the whole country open to you—no 塀で囲むs or hedges to shut you in to a dusty turnpike road. You drink from the （疑いを）晴らす running creek; the soft green turf is your carpet; your テント your bedroom. Your horse duly hobbled, enjoys the fresh pasturage around. The nearest fallen tree 供給（する）s you with 燃料 for your evening 解雇する／砲火／射撃.
One of the most 実りの多い／有益な sources of discontent was the method of collecting the gold 歳入. When the first 発見s were made at Ballarat, the Melbourne 政府, に引き続いて the example of that at Sydney, 問題／発行するd 規則s by which all 鉱夫s were 要求するd to procure a 月毎の license to dig for gold, and to 支払う／賃金 30s. for the same. But how was this 税金 to be 施行するd の中で a 移住する 全住民, living in テントs scattered through a forest? The 方式 可決する・採択するd was, to send out 武装した 禁止（する）d of police, who, coming 負かす／撃墜する suddenly on a gully or flat, spread themselves over it 需要・要求するing of everyone his license. A few 機動力のある 州警察官，騎馬警官s formed part of the 軍隊 to 削減（する） off defaulters who might 試みる／企てる to 飛行機で行く. All who could not produce their license were 逮捕（する）d and marched off, probably some miles, to the nearest 治安判事s, and, after some 拘留，拘置, were either 罰金d &続けざまに猛撃する;5, or 拘留するd for a month. Such a system 自然に led to 広大な／多数の／重要な discontent and irritation. At some of the goldfields a curious 計画（する） was 攻撃する，衝突する upon for 避けるing these inquisitorial visits. No sooner was a party of police seen approaching than the diggers raised the cry of "Joe! Joe!" The cry was taken up, and presently the whole length of the gully rang with the shouts "Joe! Joe! Joe!" and of course all defaulters 即時に made off for the depths of the forest.
The 不満 was exasperated by the method of collecting the license 料金. The collector did not call on the 税金 payer, but the latter had to 捜し出す the collector. The digger was compelled to walk from his own gully to the Commissioner's （軍の）野営地，陣営—distant, perhaps, several miles—and then often wait for hours under a 猛烈な／残忍な sun while a （人が）群がる of others, who had arrived before him, were 支払う／賃金ing their 30s., or 重さを計るing their half ounce of gold. Greater 施設s were indeed subsequently 申し込む／申し出d for the 支払い（額） of the 料金, but the 方式 of 施行するing it continued the same. The diggers complained loudly and unceasingly of these 厳しい and un-English 対策. "First you 税金 our 労働," said they, "and then you collect your 税金 at the point of the bayonet." The dislike of the system was 全世界の／万国共通の; 論争s were たびたび（訪れる）, and 衝突／不一致s between the police and diggers いつかs occurred.
Another of the diggers' grievances was the extreme insecurity of life and 所有物／資産／財産 on the 地雷s. While the police 軍隊 were snugly housed at （警察，軍隊などの）本部, in a peaceable and 整然とした neighbourhood, the populous and remote gullies were the nightly scenes of 行為s of 強盗 and 暴力／激しさ. Every evening men were knocked 負かす／撃墜する and 残酷に 扱う／治療するd or "stuck up" and robbed. Every night horses were stolen, テントs broken into, and "穴を開けるs" plundered of gold by the "night fossickers"—miscreants who watched for the richest "穴を開けるs" during the day, 示すd them, and plundered them at night. In October 1852 at a place called Moonlight Flat (近づく Forest Creek), these desperadoes had become so 非常に／多数の and shameless, and their 乱暴／暴力を加えるs so たびたび（訪れる）, that the 鉱夫s rose 一団となって／一緒に against them. A public 会合 was 会を召集するd; blue-shirted diggers made stirring 控訴，上告s to their auditory; a deputation was 任命するd to proceed 即時に to Melbourne to remonstrate with the 政府, and to implore it to 可決する・採択する energetic 対策 for extirpating the "hordes of ruffians" that infested their neighbourhood, and the persons of many of whom were 井戸／弁護士席 known there.
Source.—The Golden 植民地 (G.H. Wathen, 1855), pp. 138, 143-150
The combination of convictism in Tasmania and gold in Victoria and New South むちの跡s produced bushranging on a large 規模. 罪人／有罪を宣告するs now had a chance of living 井戸／弁護士席 if they escaped, and many took advantage of the 適切な時期.
If the Australian roads in winter may be 井戸／弁護士席 に例えるd to those English roads of 200 years ago, out of which the King's Coach had to be dug by the rustics, so may the Australian Bushranger be regarded as the 合法的 代表者／国会議員 of the traditionary highwayman who 徴収するd （死傷者）数 at Highgate, or stopped the 地位，任命する-boy and 逮捕（する）d the mailbags in Epping Forest. The real, living bushranger is, however, more of a ruffian and いっそう少なく of a hero than our ideal highwayman; for time, like distance, 軟化するs 負かす／撃墜する the 厳しい and the coarse, and gives dignity to the ignoble.
Never, perhaps, did a country 申し込む／申し出 so tempting a field to the public robber as Victoria did during the first year or two after the gold 発見. The 内部の was wild and uninhabited, abounding with lonely forests. Travellers were 非常に／多数の, and mostly carried money or gold; for 非，不，無 were poor. The 道端 public-houses were daily the scenes of drunken revelry. The police were few and untrained; and the mixed and scattered 全住民 at the several diggings 申し込む／申し出d a ready 亡命 in 事例／患者 of 追跡. 追加する to all this that, separated from Victoria by a mere 海峡, was the 倉庫・駅 for the most 遂行するd villains of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain, and it needed no prophet to 予知する that the roads of the new gold country would very soon be 群れているing with thieves and desperadoes.
It is no uncommon occurrence in the Australian 植民地s for a large number of shearers or others collected in the hut in the country to be "stuck up," that is, subdued and bound, by two or three 決定するd bushrangers. Fifteen or sixteen strong active men may be thus 扱う／治療するd, and have been, frequently. At first, one is ready to 結論する either that they must have a 私的な understanding with the robbers or else be the veriest poltroons. I thought so myself till I had an account of one of these 事件／事情／状勢s from a man who had been one of a large party thus "stuck up" by two very 悪名高い bushrangers, the life and death of whom, would furnish 構成要素s for a romance. Their 指名するs were Dalton and Kelly, and they will long be famous in the annals of daring and 乱暴／暴力を加える in 先頭 Diemen's Land.
Dalton was a stout, powerful man, and about thirty years of age at the time of the rencontre I am about to 述べる. His 共犯者 Kelly, was about twenty-three years old. They were both 囚人s of the 栄冠を与える in 先頭 Diemen's Land. Dalton was 輸送（する）d at an 早期に age, and had for a time been 限定するd in the "Ocean Hell" of Norfolk Island, the gaol of the 二塁打-damned 罪人／有罪を宣告する; but was afterwards taken 支援する to 先頭 Diemen's Land. From the same informant I learned some particulars of their escape. They were 限定するd in a penal 設立 on a 海峡 or an arm of the sea, wide enough, it was thought, to 妨げる the 可能性 of flight. Dalton, Kelly, and five or six other 囚人s, however, 疲れた／うんざりした of a wretched life, 決定するd to 危険 that life for liberty; and having one day eluded the vigilance of their guards, 試みる／企てるd, though their 脚s were 重さを計るd 負かす／撃墜する with fetters, to swim to the opposite shore. One after another their strength failed them; they sank and disappeared till at length only Kelly and Dalton 生き残るd. Kelly's strength was 速く 病弱なing, when Dalton called out to him "Catch 持つ／拘留する of me, Kelly! I can swim another hour yet."
When at last they both got 安全な to land, Dalton exclaimed, "井戸／弁護士席, thank God, I shall have one comrade at any 率."
They now quickly 解放する／自由なd themselves from their アイロンをかけるs, procured 武器, and, knowing that they would certainly be hotly 追求するd they at once started on a marauding 探検隊／遠征隊, visiting the 隣人ing 駅／配置するs in succession, and 略奪するing each; ーするつもりであるing 結局, to make their way across Bass's 海峡s to Victoria. Dalton was a very formidable fellow; strong, active, and resolute, 無謀な of human life, and now （判決などを）下すd desperate by despair. He was, too, a first-率 marksman, and could "stick up a glass 瓶／封じ込める."
What follows is an account given me by my informant. Kelly （機の）カム up to the hut, which was 十分な of men. I was standing at the door at the time, but did not know who the man was. When he （機の）カム の近くに he asked me if I had heard that the bushrangers were out. I answered "Yes, I had." Then he pointed his gun at me, and said "I'm one of them. Go into the hut." I went in, but on turning 一連の会議、交渉／完成する I saw one of my mates standing against the hut in a corner, with another man standing over him, covering him with his gun. The other was Dalton, Kelly's mate. After I had gone into the hut, Kelly stood at the open doorway, with his gun pointed at those inside, 断言するing he would 殺人 the first man who moved an インチ. There were about fourteen men in the hut. Then he asked if there were any 囚人s の中で them. One man said that he was. Kelly then ordered him to tie their 武器 together, one by one.
While doing so, one man complained that he was 存在 tied too tight; but this only drew 前へ／外へ another ボレー of 誓いs and 脅しs from Kelly. When all were 安全な・保証するd, Kelly went out to 補助装置 Dalton who still stood over the man whom he had pinned to the 塀で囲む of the hut, 脅すing to shoot him if he stirred. Kelly then tied up his 手渡すs while Dalton continued covering him with the gun. He was then marched into the hut to join the others. And now Dalton began walking up and 負かす／撃墜する the hut haranguing his 囚人s. "He'd no 疑問" he said "that some of them might be good and honest men, and some scoundrels. That for his part, he wouldn't 傷つける a hair of any good man's 長，率いる, if he could help it. But he had been 軍隊d to take to this sort of life. It wasn't his fault. He had been lagged (輸送（する）d) when only twelve years of age; had since then over and over again tried to 得る his freedom by good 行為／行う; but they wouldn't give it him, and it was useless to try any more by fair means. And he had now sworn to 伸び（る） his freedom, or lose his life in the 試みる／企てる. He didn't want to 傷つける anyone. What he 手配中の，お尋ね者 was money; and money he would have, come what, come might. He'd show them presently whether he was game or not. He'd go into the master's house and bring out, 選び出す／独身-手渡すd the man he 手配中の，お尋ね者, no 事柄 how many he might find there. But let them beware. If any man dared to move or tried to escape he swore he'd scatter his brains about the yard, and blow the roof off his 長，率いる."
Dalton now left the hut, and went to the house of the 植民／開拓者, their master, which was の近くに at 手渡す. All this time the 世帯 knew nothing of what had been passing in the hut. He entered, and went straight up to the sitting-room, where several gentlemen and ladies happened to be collected. He opened the door, and deliberately 前進するd with his gun pointed at those within. But a lady, who chanced to be behind the door, on seeing the levelled gun, slammed the door in the robber's 直面する. This was a timely 転換, and the signal for a general scattering of those 現在の.
The men in the hut were subsequently tried for collusion with the bushrangers; but when asked how they could 苦しむ two men to "stick up" so many, one replied to the 治安判事, that, with their 許可, he would himself "stick up" the whole （法廷の）裁判.
The 解放する／自由な servants were acquitted; those of the party who were 囚人s of the 栄冠を与える were 宣告，判決d to 監禁，拘置; but on 政府 存在 嘆願（書）d by their 解放する／自由な mates, who 抗議するd the innocence of all, they were 解放するd.
After this the two bushrangers boldly carried on their depredations, roaming about from 駅／配置する to 駅／配置する, "sticking up" the men, and robbing the masters; while a large party of the police were に引き続いて on their 跡をつける. One day they （機の）カム to a hut 十分な of men, and, 開始 the door, tried the old 計画（する） of 脅迫 by standing with 負担d 二塁打-barrelled pieces in the doorway, and 脅すing with 深い 誓いs to "減少（する）" the first man of them, who moved 手渡す or foot. But it happened that several of the 追求するing constables were within the hut. One of them, 指名するd Buckmaster, 急ぐd に向かって Dalton. The robber 解雇する／砲火／射撃d and the constable fell dead. Dalton still stood unmoved in the doorway, with his levelled gun, and calmly said "Ah, how d'ye like that? Now, then, I'm ready for another!" This coolness saved them both and for a time they escaped 逮捕（する）. But such an 乱暴／暴力を加える on one of their officers roused the 政府. A large reward was 申し込む／申し出d for the 逮捕（する） of the two bushrangers, and they were 追跡（する）d through the island more hotly than ever.
Driven to desperation, they 掴むd upon a whaleboat; by 脅しs 圧力（をかける）d four boatmen into their service, and 現実に compelled them to work the boat across Bass's 海峡s to the opposite shores of Victoria. Here they 安全に landed on the 独房監禁 coast of Western Port and made their way up to Melbourne. News of the escape of these formidable and 血-stained freebooters had been すぐに transmitted to the 当局 of Victoria. As they had left 先頭 Diemen's Land in an open whaleboat, there was no 疑問 but that they would make for the Western Port shores; and the Victoria police, 刺激するd by the hope of a large reward, were 熱心に looking out for two persons answering to the published description of the robbers. The boatmen who had 伝えるd them across the 海峡 were seen and 逮捕（する）d at Dandenong, between Western Port and the 資本／首都; but no その上の trace of the bushrangers could be 得るd. The Melbourne newspapers furnish us with the 結論 of the 悲劇.
The に引き続いて account of the 逮捕（する） of the 長，指導者 of these desperadoes, from the Melbourne "Argus" is more like a page from a romance than a passage in real life. It is one more instance of what appears like a special Providence laying its resistless 手渡す on a 殺害者 at the very moment when he seemed to have 安全な・保証するd his escape, and dragging him 前へ／外へ to public 司法（官）. Within four hours after his 逮捕（する）, Dalton would have been on board a ship bound for England.
"Between eleven and twelve o'clock on Friday night, Dalton entered a coffee-shop in Bourke Street, in company with a man who had engaged to put him on board the Northumberland at daylight the next morning from Sandridge, and for which he was to 支払う／賃金 &続けざまに猛撃する;4. This man, we understand, was やめる ignorant of the person he was 取引ing with. Dalton asked the proprietors of the shop, if they could change him some 先頭 Diemen's Land 公式文書，認めるs for gold, as he was about to 乗る，着手する for England. They could not do it, but a gentleman 指名するd Brice, 以前は a cadet in the police 軍隊, 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑うing all was not 権利, said that he could, as he was a gold-仲買人, if Dalton would only …を伴って him to his office. To this Dalton 同意d, and placed three &続けざまに猛撃する;20 and one &続けざまに猛撃する;10 公式文書，認めるs of the Launcestoun Bank in his 手渡すs. They then left the shop together; the night was 極端に dark; the stranger, however, led the way, Dalton and the boatman に引き続いて の近くに behind. After 訴訟／進行 some little way, they turned into Little Collins St. and by the 支援する 入り口, into the yard of the Police 法廷，裁判所. Here it was so dark that the 輪郭（を描く） of the building could not be distinguished. The guide then showed them the door of his 申し立てられた／疑わしい office which was no other then the clerk's room of the Swanston St. watch-house. The man at the door was in plain 着せる／賦与するs, and within were several of the 探偵，刑事 officers, and two watch-housekeepers at the 調書をとる／予約するs, all, however, in 私的な 衣装. Once in, Mr. Brice 明言する／公表するd that he had brought these men to the 駅／配置する on 疑惑 of having come by the 公式文書，認めるs wrongfully.
"Dalton at this time must have known where he was, but made no 観察 beyond 断言するing that they were his, and making some 発言／述べるs 親族 to his 存在 brought there on so paltry an 告訴，告発. During this he was smoking a cigar, and behaving himself in a careless nonchalant manner. 一方／合間, the 探偵，刑事s were making use of their 注目する，もくろむs, and seeing if the descriptions they 所有するd corresponded with the 人物／姿／数字s before them. The watch-house keeper finding that Mr. Brice had no 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 to prefer against him, returned Dalton his 公式文書，認めるs, who was about to leave the office, when 探偵，刑事s Williams, Murray, and Eason pounced upon him, and 直す／買収する，八百長をするd him in a corner. Dalton endeavoured to draw a ピストル from his belt, but was 妨げるd and overpowered. Finding himself mastered, he said, 'You have got the reward of &続けざまに猛撃する;500. My 指名する is Dalton!' He then said if he had only seen the 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業s of the 駅／配置する-house window, as he was entering, he would have sent a ball through his conductor. He その上の said that he had been in the Police 法廷，裁判所 that morning, and had recollected going up a flight of steps which he did not see that night, as he had been led in the 支援する way, and had he but seen these steps, his guide would have been a dead man. He was then 手錠d and searched, and two large horse-ピストルs ひどく 負担d and capped, besides a small one, were taken from his belt; he was then locked up."
Kelly, the other 共犯者, was 逮捕（する）d the next day, and both were sent 支援する to 先頭 Diemen's Land, tried, and 遂行する／発効させるd.
Source.—Port Phillip Gazette, 21st January 1851
The uselessness of 抗議するs against Transportation from the さまざまな 明言する／公表するs, 証明するd the necessity for the whole of Australia to 行為／法令／行動する together in 外部の 事件／事情／状勢s. Thus the 就任（式）／開始 of the Anti-Transportation League was the first step に向かって 連合.
BREAKFAST TO THE TASMANIAN DELEGATES
On Monday, the members and promotors of the Launceston 協会 for 安全な・保証するing the 停止 of transportation, entertained at Public breakfast the gentlemen 委任する／代表d to 代表する the 利益／興味s of the 植民地 at the Australian 会議／協議会, which is about to be held in Melbourne. A 冷淡な collation was 用意が出来ている at the Cornwall, and about 100 gentlemen sat 負かす／撃墜する, amongst whom were many 治安判事s and gentlemen 代表するing the most 影響力のある and respectable 部分s of the northern and midland 地区s. Breakfast 存在 結論するd, the Chairman rose, and said, it was a 事柄 of 楽しみ to him to 会合，会う so large and respectable a 団体／死体 of gentlemen, some of whom he had known for a ４半期/4分の1 of a century. They had not 組み立てる／集結するd to 嘆願（書）; it was a truth deplorable and sad that 嘆願（書）s had hitherto been unavailing and they were now met to 軍隊 from Her Majesty's 政府, 救済 from an evil of which history 現在のd no 平行の. (Hear, hear.) 嘆願（書） after 嘆願（書） had been transmitted home, but the 祈りs of the Community had been 絶えず 拒絶するd. It now remained to try other means.
The Rev. J. West rose and said he felt some 当惑 in 演説（する）／住所ing that 会合. He, however, felt 感謝する for their 承認 of his 任命, and should rely on their indulgence during the few moments he might 演説（する）／住所 them. The colonists had been led up to a position from which it was impossible to recede. 先頭 Diemen's Land must 得る a 株 in the general freedom, or for ever 沈む. They had 嘆願（書）d for a 停止 of transportation; whilst there was a 可能性 of the other 植民地s receiving a 部分 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 毎年 sent from Britain, they 推定する／予想するd by the more general 配当 to experience some 救済. But the 抵抗 of the other 植民地s had 除去するd the faint 予期, and shut up to us this last hope—to our union with them. When it was 提案するd to solicit the co-操作／手術 of the 隣接する 植民地s, some persons prophesied a 失敗; it was thought by some, improbable that the 植民地s would feel any 利益／興味 in our 運命／宿命. But the heart of an Englishman is ever susceptible of pity; and when we spoke of our wrongs they listened; and when we exposed the enormous danger, they 協議するd their own safety, and （機の）カム 今後 to our help. Let us look 井戸／弁護士席 to our position. We have to change the 政策 and 競う against the 力／強力にする of a mighty Empire. In the effervescence and excitement of public speaking it was not at all surprising that a 脅し should いつかs be uttered; but many years must elapse before an 控訴，上告 to physical 軍隊 would 耐える even the 外見 of 推論する／理由. We have, then a mighty Empire to 競う against—one which can laugh our 脅すing to 軽蔑（する）. And what are the 武器s we must 雇う? What, but the 武器s of truth? We must diffuse 権利 （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）; we must expose our wrongs—and we must 控訴，上告 to the 司法（官） of the British Nation. Let the evils and 傷害s under which this fair domain of the 栄冠を与える now 苦しむs, be laid before the English people, and a cry will be heard from Land's End to the opposite shore, "transportation shall 中止する because it degrades the British 指名する." (元気づけるs.) The 傷害s resulting from transportation to the 植民地 are さまざまな. A gentleman, however 著名な his 駅／配置する and virtues, going to a distant part of the world must 慎重に 抑える the fact, that he （機の）カム from 先頭 Diemen's Land, or even this ４半期/4分の1 of the globe. (Hear, hear.) Yes, Sir, our sons, who have quitted this 植民地 in search of a home 否定するd them in the land of their birth, have been compelled to 隠す the place from which they （機の）カム, and to 減少（する） into the box, by stealth, those letters which were to relieve parental 苦悩, and 表明する their filial affection. And is this to be for ever 耐えるd? Shall our own children never know the 楽しみ and pride of patriotism? Shall we not ask all the 植民地s of the Australian empire to 援助（する） us in our struggle? Shall we not confide in the 司法（官） of Australasia?
When it is said that England cannot support 4,000 or 5,000 違反者／犯罪者s the question 自然に occurs: What has she not done? Did not England for her 大陸の wars 背負い込む a 負債 of &続けざまに猛撃する;800,000,000: did she not give &続けざまに猛撃する;20,000,000 to 解放する／自由な her West India slaves; did she not expend &続けざまに猛撃する;7,000,000 to 戦闘 the 飢饉 of Ireland? Is not the 提案するd 支出 for the 国家の (n)役員／(a)執行力のある of the 現在の year an 証拠 of her boundless opulence? And yet to save a trifling 支出 compared with the 不正 now done, the 代表者／国会議員 of Her Majesty is compelled to carry about under his skirts a 小包 of convictism; to deposit these 記念品s of 皇室の 利益／興味 he is driven to have 頼みの綱 to artifice, trickery and falsehood. (Hear, hear.) As England glories in her past history, and has 設立する means to keep afloat that 旗 which has never been lowered; so she must find means to carry on a nobler struggle with her own poverty and 罪，犯罪. Hitherto, 先頭 Diemen's Land has not been heard at home; but if by the 部隊d 発言する／表明するs of the other 植民地s, a sort of telegraphic communication can be opened with Britain, if a speaking trumpet be formed, we shall be heard. When he (Mr. West) heard that 大臣s had 出発／死d from their 約束 that transportation should 中止する, he was astonished and desponding—he thought that if a 約束 so solemnly given could be so recklessly broken, hope was delusion. But as in the moral, so it is in the political world. The Divine 存在 frequently 任命するs that good shall arise out of 明らかな evils; that a tedious 延期する shall make the 治療（薬） more perfect. Had we been relieved when 大臣s 約束d; then, transportation to the other 植民地s would have been continued, and its evils 蓄積する there. (Hear, hear.) When it was 提案するd that all the 植民地s should receive a 株 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, all things considered, he, (the （衆議院の）議長) for one could not have then 反対するd to 先頭 Diemen's Land 存在 joined in the co-partnery. Had such been the 事例／患者 a century might have elapsed before the reproach of convictism had been 除去するd from this 半球. But the 拒絶 of the other 植民地s occasioned by the 傷害s （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるd on this, has roused us all into 活動／戦闘, and now all 宣言する that not a man, no, not one—in fetters shall be landed in Australia. (Tremendous 元気づける.)
If an unfortunate 違反者／犯罪者 becomes as a penitent desirous of 修正するing his life, and 性質の／したい気がして to 適合する to the usages, and （人命などを）奪う，主張するs of honest society, he will find no man here spitefully to remind him of his former errors. But if he is brought wearing the badge of 不名誉 we will not have him. We will say to the British 政府 "Until you can with safety 発射する／解雇する him into your community, he shall not enter ours." (Loud 元気づけるs.) This is the righteous 原則 upon which we have taken our stand. Whilst we were 論争ing の中で ourselves who should 耐える the 負担, we were likely to be sacrificed by our ungenerous 分割s. But we have now a new 原則; and a 原則 is a wedge—if 十分な 軍隊 is 適用するd, every 障害 will be riven into shivers. We now say that no man should be an involuntary gaoler, much いっそう少なく shall the inhabitants of these 植民地s be the penal slaves and gaolers of the British Empire. (元気づけるs.) We 主張する that a community should を取り引きする its own 罪，犯罪, at least so を取り引きする it that in its 処分 it shall not 負傷させる those who never 感情を害する／違反するd—so at least that the honest and industrious labourer should not be brought into unfavourable comparison and 競争 with the 常習的な 犯罪の, so that, at all events our sons shall not be driven from their homes to 捜し出す 雇用 in distant lands—to 会合，会う there 疑惑 and contempt. These are the wrongs of which we complain—wrongs which could never have been （罪などを）犯すd but in oblivion of that first 広大な／多数の／重要な 法律, alike the basis of 私的な and public virtue: "do unto others as ye would that they should do unto you." The Rev. gentleman 再開するd his seat まっただ中に loud and 長引かせるd 元気づける.
W.P. WESTON, ESQ.—It was with mingled feelings that he rose to 演説（する）／住所 that 会合; but when he ascertained that Mr. West was to …を伴って him, he lost all 恐れる, and at once 受託するd the 招待.
It had not been considered necessary to furnish them with written 指示／教授／教育s how to 行為／法令／行動する; it was left 完全に to their own 裁判／判断; they had, as it were, a carte blanche; but he thought it advisable to について言及する one or two points に向かって which he and his 同僚 would direct public attention on the other 味方する of the 海峡s. The first was, that transportation as hitherto 行為／行うd, was altogether and 完全に rotten. He 心配するd no very 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty in 設立するing that point. The next was, that no country had a 権利 to 軍隊 its 罪，犯罪 upon a distant and unoffending one; it was a moral wrong. He was much struck at a 発言／述べる which appeared in the Public 定期刊行物s in Melbourne. It seems to have been the custom of some persons to collect all the filth and rubbish from their persons and during the night to 軍隊 it upon the 前提s of their 隣人s. Now, these persons were designed miscreants, the paragraph 開始するd "the miscreants have been at work again." But he considered that the 政府 who would 軍隊 a 集まり of moral filth upon a small and helpless 植民地 were miscreants in the very worst sense of the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語. (Hear, hear.) However 厳しく the evils of convictism may have been felt in this community, they will be felt at Melbourne in a greater degree. Any evil may be 反対する-balanced and perhaps 除去するd, if it can only be seen. The 罪人／有罪を宣告するs come to this land under 抑制 and are 完全に at the 処分 of the 政府, but after 完全にするing their education in a chain-ギャング（団）, and filling up, as it were, the 手段 of their iniquity they go over there where they are unknown to the police and その結果 their 罪，犯罪s escape （犯罪，病気などの）発見. The very worst characters amongst us proceed to the 隣人ing 植民地s as soon as an 適切な時期 申し込む／申し出s. This fact accounts for the insecurity of 所有物／資産／財産 at Melbourne. A short time ago he was there and not more than two or three days after his arrival the linen which had been put out for washing, was stolen. すぐに after whilst the family were sitting at tea, （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） was given that the bedroom window was open and upon 訴訟／進行 to ascertain the 原因（となる） it was discovered that a どろぼう had 影響d an 入り口 and carried off whatever he could lay his 手渡すs upon.
A letter lately received について言及するs that six gentlemen's horses in one locality had been robbed and that Melbourne was 十分な of thieves. (A laugh.) No 適切な時期 had 以前 申し込む／申し出d of talking to the Melbourne people upon the 支配する, they were so 占領するd in endeavours to 得る 分離 from Sydney that every question was lost sight of; but now the 事柄 was settled he did not apprehend any difficultly in 設立するing this point also.
We are a loyal people, and have given abundant proof of our 忠義; but it is not an unalterable 原則. There is an old Spanish proverb—"The sweetest ワイン makes the sourest vinegar," and so it will be with us.
But the British 政府 must, and will 産する／生じる, for they will find it will be to their 利益／興味, 同様に as their 義務 to 認める the reasonable request of the Australian 植民地s. (元気づけるs.)
Three 元気づけるs were then given for the Chairman, and three more for the Queen, and the 会合 終結させるd.
The 調整 of the English land 法律s to Australian 必要物／必要条件s was a difficult 仕事. The question was discussed in New South むちの跡s in 1855, but South Australia, under the leadership of Torrens, was the first to 影響 改革（する） (1859).
Source.—Speeches on the 改革（する） of the 法律 of Real 所有物／資産／財産 (Torrens, 1858), pp. 5-6, 8-11
抽出する from an 演説（する）／住所 to the Electors of the City of Adelaide 配達するd in the Theatre on 31st January, 1857. (From the South Australian 登録（する） of February 2nd, 1857).
The next topic which I have put 負かす／撃墜する to 演説（する）／住所 you upon, is one with 尊敬（する）・点 to which I should have wished to have had time to arrange my thoughts—it is the cheapening of the 法律 of Conveyancing of real 所有物／資産／財産. (賞賛.) Next to affording fair 施設s for 得るing 所有／入手 of the waste lands of the 栄冠を与える, and 変えるing them into とうもろこし畑／穀物畑s and homesteads of 独立した・無所属 yeomanry, it is the 義務 of the 明言する／公表する to afford a cheap and at the same time a 安全な・保証する 方式 of 伝えるing that 所有物／資産／財産 from man to man. (Hear, hear.) I have for years felt that the 法律 of England in that 尊敬（する）・点, which we brought with us, 要求するd 改正. In looking also to the 法律s of other countries with 尊敬（する）・点 to the 移転, mortgage, or encumbrance of real 所有物／資産／財産, I have come to the 結論 that the 法律 of England is inferior to most of them with regard to cost and 安全 of 肩書を与える. The old 保守的な feeling of England 固執するs with a sort of veneration to 法律s and usages 尊敬（する）・点ing 肩書を与える which 起こる／始まるd under the 封建的 system, and is loath to abandon them for a system adapted to the 必要物／必要条件s of modern civilization. I would illustrate my 見解（をとる）s by 観察するing that, in 古代の times, before the Wars of the Roses, a baron, or even a yeoman, would surround his 住居 with a moat to be crossed only by a drawbridge, and instead of the convenient door of modern times, he would have a portcullis, which he would raise or let 落ちる to 収容する／認める a friend, or 除外する a 敵. A 訪問者, too, would have instead of 伸び（る）ing 即座の 接近, to sound a horn at an outer gate, and 持つ／拘留する 交渉，会談 with a warder upon a lofty tower, before he could 伸び（る） admission. There could be no 疑問 that all these 儀式s and parleyings were necessary in those days, but it does not follow that we should carry them out in our times. Were any person now, to surround his 住居 with a 深い and 幅の広い 溝へはまらせる／不時着する, and 観察する those 儀式s when a 訪問者 called upon him, we would call him insane; yet, that is 正確に what we do with regard to the 移転 of real 広い地所, 観察するing still the tortuous roundabout methods of 伝えるing, 訴える手段／行楽地d to in those days for the 目的 of 避けるing the 圧迫s of feudalism. Nay, the analogy is so strong, that in our 法律 法廷，裁判所s, and 行為s we still use the same barbarous Norman French jargon in which the 交渉，会談 was in those 古代の days held at the gate of the baronial 住居. (Hear, and 賞賛.) It is perhaps presumptuous of a person who has not received a 合法的な education, to 演説（する）／住所 his mind to this question; seeing, however, that the persons who, by ability, and education, are best fit to 対処する with the 支配する, are not willing, or, at least have not done so, I have taken the 仕事 upon myself. (Hear, hear). With your 許可, I will give you an 輪郭（を描く） of the 計画（する）. The purchaser of land from the 栄冠を与える shall receive a 肩書を与える 行為, a land 認める, as at 現在の to be 遂行する／発効させるd in duplicate, and one copy とじ込み／提出するd in the Registrar-General's office. When an 初めの purchaser sells the land to another, he shall 移転 it by a simple memorandum, which 存在 brought to the office of the Registrar-General the 初めの land 認める must be 降伏するd, and then the Registrar will 問題／発行する a new 肩書を与える to the second purchaser direct from the 栄冠を与える. (Hear, hear.) This will get over the difficulty of tracing 肩書を与える through all manner of intricate 処理／取引s between purchasers, and instead of a man having to carry about an 巨大な bale of papers, he would have one simple 文書, which would, にもかかわらず, be a 肩書を与える valid and indisputable, because it would be an 初めの land 認める. (広大な／多数の／重要な 賞賛.)
Speech 配達するd on 4th June, 1857, in the 法律を制定する 議会 by the Hon. the Treasurer, Mr. Torrens, on the introduction of his 法案 for 修正するing the 法律 relating to the 移転 of Real 所有物／資産／財産.
Mr. （衆議院の）議長, I do not 試みる／企てる to 治療（薬） the evils complained of, by 改正 of the 存在するing 法律; that I believe to be impossible: I 提案する to 廃止する a system irremediably wrong in 原則, and to 代用品，人 a method which I believe will, when explained, commend itself to the House as 一貫した with ありふれた sense, perfectly feasible, and effectual for all 目的s 要求するd.
The first and 主要な 原則 of the 手段 which I introduce, is designed to 削減（する） off the very source of all costliness, insecurity, litigation, by 廃止するing altogether the system of retrospective 肩書を与えるs and 任命するing that as often as the 料金 simple is transferred, the 存在するing 肩書を与える must be 降伏するd to the 栄冠を与える, and a fresh 認める from the 栄冠を与える 問題／発行するd to the new proprietor.
The 原則 next in importance 定める／命ずるs that 登録 per se and alone shall give 有効性，効力 to 処理／取引s 影響する／感情ing land. Deposit of duplicate of the 器具, together with the 記録，記録的な／記録する of the 処理／取引 by memorandum entered in the 調書をとる／予約する of 登録 and 是認するd on the 認める by the Registrar-General, to 構成する 登録. This method is designed to give 信用／信任 and 安全 to purchasers and mortgagees, through the certainty that nothing 影響する／感情ing the 肩書を与える can have 存在 beyond the 処理／取引s of which they have notice in the 覚え書き 是認するd on the 認める.
My third 原則 目的（とする）s at 簡単 and economy by 定める／命ずるing 確かな stereotyped forms of 器具s 利用できる to each occasion to be 供給（する）d at the Registry Office, so that any man of ordinary sense and education may transact his own 商売／仕事, without the necessity of 適用するing to a solicitor, except in 複雑にするd 事例／患者s of 解決／入植地s or entails, which are unusual in this 植民地.
Many will 収容する／認める that the system which I recommend might have been introduced at the first 設立するing of this 植民地, with 施設 and very 広大な／多数の／重要な advantage, but 疑問 its practicability now that 肩書を与えるs have become 複雑にするd. Admitting a difficulty, I 否定する that it is insurmountable, or such as should 原因（となる） us to hesitate in 安全な・保証するing the advantage of 移転 by 登録. I do not 提案する a 計画／陰謀 伴う／関わるing violent or 独断的な 干渉，妨害 with 存在するing 肩書を与えるs, but would leave it optional with proprietors to avail themselves of it or not. It will thus be 漸進的な in its 操作／手術, yet will put 肩書を与えるs in such a train that the 願望（する）d result will 結局 be 得るd.
Mr. （衆議院の）議長, I cannot 結論する without 表明するing my 感謝する sense of the compliment which the House has paid me, in listening with such 示すd attention to an 演説（する）／住所 延長するd to an unusual length upon a 支配する 認める to be 乾燥した，日照りの and unexciting.
I 提案する, it is true, a 広範囲にわたる 手段 of 改革（する）, yet not more 徹底的な than the nature of the 事例／患者 imperatively 需要・要求するs. In this 見解（をとる）, I am again borne out by the high 当局 of Lord Brougham, who, in a speech which I have before 引用するd, thus 表明するs himself: "The 現在の system has grown out of ingenious 装置s to 避ける the 圧迫s of 封建的 tyrants, but under it we are 支配する to the tyranny of the 合法的な profession, and 重荷（を負わせる）s little いっそう少なく grievous. The 改革（する）, to be effectual, must be 徹底的な. Delenda est Carthaga must be our motto."
Source.—Fifty Years in the Making of Australian History (Sir Henry Parkes, 1892), pp. 70-71, 81-90, 148, 153
On July 3, 1855, I, (Sir Henry Parkes) moved for the "任命 of a Select 委員会 to enquire into the 明言する／公表する of 農業, with special 言及／関連 to the raising of wheaten 穀物, and to the 原因（となる）s of hindrance or 失敗 in that 追跡, whether arising from the habits of the people, the 政策 of the 政府, or the physical character of the country." To understand the 利益／興味 that 公正に／かなり 大（公）使館員d to my 動議, we must review, or rather ちらりと見ること at, the 明言する／公表する of the 植民地. The 植民地 still 含むd the whole of Queensland, and embraced an area of 978,315 square miles. Men of 主要な positions with seats in the 立法機関, 述べるd it for the most part, as incapable of tillage, and only fit for grazing sheep and cattle, and for "nomadic tribes." A 全住民 not numbering more than 277,579 souls 輸入するd 大部分は its breadstuffs from South America and other foreign countries. It is now 井戸／弁護士席 known that in all 分割s of the 植民地—north, south, or west—there are as rich wheat lands as in any part of the world; but then the 集まり of the 全住民 were 密集して ignorant of the true character of the country, and those who knew better, were in too many instances 本人自身で 利益／興味d in keeping them ignorant. The stories that were told of the fruitless endeavours of industrious men to 得る patches of land for a freehold home under the Order-in-会議 seem, to the 現在の 世代, like cruel bits of romance.
APPENDIX TO EVIDENCE OF MR. J. ROBERTSON
(before Select 委員会.)
On entering upon the 支配する under enquiry by the 委員会, it is my 目的 to assume that the 明言する／公表する of 農業 in general, and of wheat culture in particular in the 植民地, is exceedingly unsatisfactory, and, if not 絶対 拒絶する／低下するing instead of 進歩ing, is at least so with 言及／関連 to 全住民. The 原因（となる）s of hindrance or 失敗 of 農業 一般に, and of the raising of wheat, in particular, I take to be the first and greatest, that for many years the 政策 of the 政府 of the 植民地, whatever may have been its 反対する, has unquestionably tended not only to check the 形式 of new 農業 設立s, but to depress 存在するing ones.
While the agriculturist has been 絶対 除外するd from 賃貸し（する）ing any 部分 of the public land, and 妨害するd, 悩ますd and dispirited at every turn in his 成果／努力s to 得る the submittal of such lands to sale, and 支配するd to public 競争 at auction before 苦しむd even then to 購入（する）, the grazier has been 許すd to use them under a system of 賃貸し（する）s, affording him the greatest possible 施設 of 所有／入手, and at the lowest imaginable 賃貸しの, すなわち, at the 率 of 10s. per 年 for 640 acres, with the 権利, in an 圧倒的な 大多数 of 事例／患者s, to 購入（する） choice 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs therefrom, without the slightest 延期する or trouble and at the lowest 合法的な price, すなわち, 20s. per acre, and 絶対 without 競争.
Some of the difficulties above alluded to, as …に出席するing the 購入（する） of a farm from the 栄冠を与える, by any other than the favoured pastoral class, may be 明言する／公表するd thus: The person 捜し出すing to do so must first make his 選択—a 事柄 not very 平易な of attainment, for persons 持つ／拘留するing land in a neighbourhood, instead of helping with （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）, almost invariably place every possible 障害 in the way of the newcomer. The 選択 made, the next step to be taken is to 適用する by letter to the Surveyor-General to have it 手段d. すぐに thereafter, that officer will reply and 知らせる the writer that his 使用／適用 has been received and submitted to the 地区 Surveyor for his 報告（する）／憶測 as to whether the land is fit for 農業, etc., etc. and that when it is received the Surveyor-General will communicate the result, intimating at the same time that, should the 地区-Surveyor consider the land suitable for 農業, and should there be no other difficulty, such as its 存在 held under a squatting 賃貸し（する）, or any of several others, it will be submitted to sale by auction.
The applicant may now 推定する／予想する to hear no more of the land for three or four months, when, if all goes on favourably, he will be 知らせるd that the 地区-Surveyor, having 報告（する）／憶測d satisfactorily, has received from the Surveyor-General 指示／教授／教育s to 手段 it. Now another 疲れた／うんざりしたing 延期する of several months' duration will in all probability occur, before the 満期 of which, if the applicant is not a person 所有するd of かなりの 決意 of character, he will abandon, in despair, all hope of ever becoming an Australian 農業者, and help to swell one or other of our overgrown towns, by 受託するing 雇用 there. If, however, he 所有する 十分な perseverance, he may visit the 地区-Surveyor, and probably learn from him that the land cannot then be 手段d, because the 地区 under that officer is so very large, that it would be 高度に inconvenient for him to move from one 部分 of it to another to 手段 a 選び出す／独身 farm; that when several are 適用するd for in the same 周辺, he will proceed there; in the 合間 he has several months' work where he is, or the 地区-Surveyor may, after 表明するing sympathy with the applicant's loss from 延期する, candidly 保証する him that, in consequence of the 広大な／多数の／重要な 延期する in receiving 支払う／賃金 for his public work, he is 絶対 necessitated to 受託する 私的な 雇用 in order to 得る 十分な cash to keep himself and party of four men on, until the 政府 make him his remittance, now three or four months 予定.
These and other 予選 difficulties the applicant must 準備する to 遭遇（する）; but even when all are surmounted and the land 手段d there will be two or three months' 延期する—in all probability eighteen months or two years from the date of his first 使用／適用—before it is 申し込む／申し出d for sale. Then, at last, the applicant will 得る his land, if he be fortunate enough to escape the 決定するd 対立 of some 豊富な person in the neighbourhood, or has money enough, and 決意 enough to 購入（する） it, that 対立 notwithstanding.
If it is a fact that the 農業の 利益／興味s of the country are 支配するd to more climatic difficulties than are the pastoral 利益／興味s, I take it that that circumstance cannot, 適切に, be brought 今後 as a 推論する／理由 why the 農業の 利益／興味 should not, under our 法律s, have a fair field and no favour, as compared with the pastoral 利益／興味, in entering the market to borrow money in time of 疑問 and general want of 信用／信任 in 通貨の 事柄s. If the agriculturist, in borrowing money to 安全な・保証する his 刈る, has to 遭遇（する） a higher 率 of 利益／興味 than the grazier has to 遭遇（する）, in consequence of the 危険 of 損失 to his 刈るs from an unfavourable season 存在 greater than the same in the 事例／患者 of the produce of the grazier, surely there is no 推論する／理由 why he should be compelled to 服従させる／提出する to a still greater 増加する of 利益／興味, to 補償する the 資本主義者 for the 付加 危険 of the borrower's insolvency before the 刈るs are realised, 特に when the grazier is, through the 援助（する） of "The lien on Wool 行為／法令／行動する" 免除されたd from 支払う／賃金ing for such 危険.
The 影響s of the 政策 of the 政府, which I have 述べるd, may be 設立する, on the one 手渡す, in the fact that the number of persons who have been bred to 農業の 追跡s, at 現在の residing in the towns of the 植民地, is, beyond example, 過度の, showing our social 条件s in that regard to be in a most unsatisfactory 明言する／公表する; and, on the other 手渡す, in the other fact, that the 卸売物価 of flour in the 植民地 is three times higher, per 続けざまに猛撃する, than the 卸売物価 of animal food, of the very best description—a 明言する／公表する of things not to be 設立する in any other civilized country.
I am aware that the 欠陥／不足 of 農業, which is so remarkable in this country, is せいにするd to the aridity of the 気候 by many gentlemen whose experience する権利を与えるs their opinions to 尊敬（する）・点; but, as I have during the eighteen years last past 毎年 cultivated and sown with wheat a large 量 of land, in さまざまな parts of the Upper Hunter 地区—a 地区 一般に considered to be unfavourable for the 目的—and have, in that long period, only failed twice in 得るing 刈るs, and have 得るd two self-sown, which in a 広大な／多数の／重要な 手段 補償するd for even their loss. I can come to no other 結論 than that, whatever may be the disadvantages of the 気候 they are not 十分な to 原因（となる） such neglect of 農業 as has occurred.
On the whole, I am 確信して that the difficulties placed in the way of 農業 by the 気候 are as nothing compared with the 圧倒的な 障害s furnished by the 政策 of the 立法機関 and 政府 of the 植民地.
Before 結論するing this communication, I cannot resist the 適切な時期 it affords to place on 記録，記録的な／記録する my opinion, that even should all other means fail of 供給するing the country with an ample 供給（する） of 農業の produce, a 治療（薬） may be 設立する by 許すing any person to enter upon and 占領する 80 acres of waste land, without 競争 or 延期する, and 支払う／賃金 for it at the upset price, four years thereafter; 供給するd that he （疑いを）晴らすs and cultivates 10 acres the first year, and 10 付加 acres in each of the three 後継するing years, and is at the end of the time residing on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す.
JOHN ROBERTSON.
Yarrundi, Aug. 6th, 1855.
I also gave my general support to the Robertson Land 法案, which passed through a 決定するd 対立, and became 法律 結局, after the violent expedient of "押し寄せる／沼地ing the 参議院," which 押し寄せる／沼地ing, however, had no practical or 即座の 影響, as the old members, 含むing the 大統領, retired in a 団体／死体 when the new members 試みる／企てるd to take their seats. By the 憲法, the first 会議 was 任命するd for five years only, and the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 was 近づく its 満期 when this historical 出来事/事件 occurred. So nothing could be done with the 法案, or anything else, until the next 会議 was 任命するd, whose 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 was for life.
Sir John Robertson's 行為／法令／行動する did 巨大な good. Its 幅の広い 範囲 was to enable men to select land for themselves in 封鎖するs from 40 to 320 acres, at &続けざまに猛撃する;1 per acre, without waiting for any surveyor or other 政府 公式の／役人, but 支配する to the 条件s of a deposit of 5s. an acre, actual 住居 and 改良s to the value of &続けざまに猛撃する;1 per acre in value. The balance of the 購入（する）-money was to remain for a time, not 限られた／立憲的な by date, at 5% 利益／興味. It is no 人物／姿／数字 of speech to say that this 法律 打ち明けるd the lands to the industrious 植民／開拓者, and notwithstanding the 乱用s which too 広範囲にわたって grew up, it was the means of bringing into 存在 hundreds of comfortable homes in all parts of the 植民地 where the 指名する of its author is held in 感謝する remembrance. It will have been seen in a previous 一時期／支部 what a 網状組織 of difficulties surrounded the man of small means who tried to 得る a 田舎の home in former years; and perhaps the highest 尊敬の印 to the memory of Sir John Robertson is that, after all the 改正s which have been carried, the 長，指導者 原則s of his 行為／法令／行動する are still imbedded in the 法律 of the country.
Source.—Sessional Papers of the House of Lords, 1861, Vol. XI
The Moreton Bay 地区 was first colonised from Sydney as a penal 解決／入植地 for doubly 罪人／有罪を宣告するd 犯罪のs. But so soon as transportation to New South むちの跡s 中止するd, remarkable 進歩 was made in 偉業／利用するing the 広大な natural 資源s of the 植民地 of Queensland.
COPY OF A DESPATCH FROM GOVERNOR SIR W. DENISON, K.C.B., TO HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE.
政府 House, Sydney.
Dec. 5, 1859.
(Received Feb. 9, 1860.)
My Lord Duke,
I have the honour to 認める the 領収書 of your Grace's Despatch, No. 11, 時代遅れの 18th August last, enclosing copies of the 令状 設立するing Queensland as a 植民地 separate from New South むちの跡s, and 任命するing Sir George Ferguson Bowen, K.C.M.G., 知事 of the same; also of the 指示／教授／教育s 問題／発行するd to Sir George Bowen, and of the Order-in-会議 権力を与えるing him to make 法律s and to 供給する for the 行政 of 司法（官） in the said 植民地.
Sir George Bowen arrived here by the mail steamer on the 15th ult.; he remained with me at Sydney, making 手はず／準備 for the 設立 of the さまざまな departments of his 政府, in which I gave him every 援助 in my 力／強力にする, and he sailed for Moreton Bay in Her Majesty's ship "Cordelia" on the 3rd instant.
I enclose copies of the 布告／宣言 問題／発行するd by me 通知するing the 分離 of the two 植民地s. The 布告／宣言 Sir George has taken with him to Brisbane, and by its 出版（物） there the fact of its 分離 will be made known to the inhabitants of Queensland, which will from the date of that 布告／宣言, that is, 1st December, be in every 尊敬（する）・点 解放する／自由なd from the 干渉，妨害 of the 政府 or 立法機関 of New South むちの跡s....
I have, etc.,
(調印するd) W. Denison.
His Grace the Duke of Newcastle,
etc., etc., etc.
COPY OF A DESPATCH FROM GOVERNOR SIR G.F. BOWEN TO HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE.
政府 House, Brisbane, Queensland.
Jan. 6th, 1860.
(Received March 12, 1860.)
My Lord Duke,
In my Despatch, No. 3, of the 28th November ultimo, I について言及するd that 広範囲にわたる 地区s within the 植民地 of Queensland are 井戸／弁護士席 adapted for the growth of the sugar 茎 の中で a variety of other produce.
2. Since I wrote the above Despatch, I have seen three 見本／標本s of the sugar 茎, which have been grown 近づく the town of Maryborough. These 見本／標本s, which were finer than any that were shown me at Mauritius, were 今後d to Sir William Macarthur, a gentleman of large 所有物／資産／財産, 井戸／弁護士席-known ability, and 広大な／多数の／重要な experience in 科学の and 農業の 追跡s; and who was Commissioner for New South むちの跡s at the Paris 展示 of 1855. I have received 許可 to 送信する／伝染させる to your Grace the に引き続いて 抽出する from a letter 含む／封じ込めるing Sir William Macarthur's opinion of the 見本s submitted to him:—"I yesterday made several 裁判，公判s of the juice of the sugar 茎 今後d by Mr. Aldridge, of Maryborough.
"As I had to 抽出する the juice by 続けざまに猛撃するing the 茎 in a 迫撃砲, I only 実験d upon the largest and the smallest of the three 今後d. As they appear to have excited some attention, I may について言及する that they were やめる 熟した, of a 有望な, yellowish-brown colour, with the 共同のs from two to five インチs apart, the largest 存在 about ten feet long, not やめる eight インチs in circumference, and 重さを計るing just eighteen 続けざまに猛撃するs. About three feet of the upper end, however, was too short-共同のd to 産する／生じる abundantly, and hardly 熟した.
"The 塀で囲むs of this 茎 were exceedingly 厚い, giving it 広大な／多数の／重要な stiffness, and solidity to resist 嵐／襲撃するs of 勝利，勝つd. It 証明するd to be hardly so juicy as I 推定する／予想するd.
"I understood you to say that these 茎s had been produced in eight or nine months from 存在 工場／植物d, and without any particular care.
"Taking this for 認めるd, there can be no question, I think, that with 十分な 資本／首都, and under efficient 管理／経営, the cultivation of the 茎 for sugar せねばならない 証明する one of the most profitable 手はず／準備 which 申し込む／申し出 themselves in Australia, I mean at Maryborough, or other places 平等に 井戸／弁護士席 据えるd on the North-eastern coast. I have for many years thought that sugar 農園s to the northward of Moreton Bay せねばならない be 高度に remunerative. The 気候 is favourable; there is no 欠如（する） of good land, and unlike the Mauritius, we never hear of the 荒廃させるs of ハリケーンs."
3. The opinion of so high an 当局 as Sir William Macarthur coupled with a number of facts within my knowledge, leave no 疑問 in my mind that, when 資本／首都 and 労働 shall have been introduced, the cultivation of sugar may be carried on in this 植民地, with at least equal success as at Mauritius, and on a vastly more 広範囲にわたる 規模 than in that island.
4. I beg to subjoin a short description of the 地区 of Wide Bay, or Maryborough (referred to above) condensed from a 最近の 出版（物） by a writer of 地元の knowledge and competent 当局.
The 支援する country is 広範囲にわたる, its 能力s are so 井戸／弁護士席 known we need not dwell upon them. The 国／地域 on the 支店s of the River Mary and its 支流 creeks, and within 平易な approach to the same is excellent and in large 量s. Its producing 能力s may be illustrated by the に引き続いて facts: In one piece of ground may be seen growing in perfection the sugar 茎, cotton 工場／植物, grasscloth 工場／植物, arrowroot, tascan wheat, yams, 甘い potatoes, cassava, custard apples, pine apples, 白人指導者べったりの東洋人, guava, and many other 熱帯の 生産／産物s; と一緒に of which may be seen turnips, wheat, barley, mangel-wurzel, English potatoes, artichokes (Jerusalem), 幅の広い beans, maize, etc. At the same place a 刈る of maize (which was 概算の to 産する／生じる from 80 to 100 bushels to the acre) is in a 今後 明言する／公表する of ripening, and from the same piece of ground, three 刈るs of maize have been gathered within the twelve months. Where is there another river in Australia with 能力s for the growth of such 変化させるd 生産／産物s, each perfect of its 肉親，親類d, and such 施設s for shipping, by 大型船s of the largest tonnage, the produce direct to any part of the world? Wheat has been only grown in small patches—each time, however, with success. Cotton was here produced in the same way from a few 工場／植物s, and pronounced by competent 裁判官s to be of the finest 質 both in 中心的要素 and texture. 平等に favourable results have been 得るd with the other 製品s 指名するd above. The particulars of 気候 I give from a 居住（者） of the 郡区 of Maryborough for a period of twelve years before the place was 調査するd, who 宣言するs his own health and the health of his wife and children to have been excellent, and better than he or they ever had before, that he has never experienced a hot 勝利，勝つd in the place and that the sudden changes of 気温 as felt in Sydney are never felt in this favoured locality: that the にわか雨s are 正規の／正選手 and abundant, more so than in any other place he has been in, in this 植民地; hence the 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の growth of vegetables, etc. Eight months in the year, not a finer 気候 can be 設立する in the world, and the remaining four summer months are not so oppressive in their 影響s as in the other warm countries, from the 気温 存在 more uniform, and the 潔白 of the atmosphere so 広大な／多数の／重要な. The same gentleman 宣言するs that he has, upon his 時折の visits, experienced the heat in Sydney much more oppressive. 広大な／多数の／重要な natural 能力s 存在する in the 郡区 of Maryborough for the 形式 of dams at a trifling expense, which would collect large 団体／死体s of water. Minerals consisting of gold, 巡査, アイロンをかける, and coal have been procured in several places in the 地区. 木材／素質 存在するs of cedar, cowrie, and hoop pine, a white hardwood known as fluidoza, gums, dye 支持を得ようと努めるd, and other most useful and 価値のある 閣僚 支持を得ようと努めるd, are to be 設立する in 広大な／多数の／重要な 豊富. The dugong is 設立する in large numbers in Hervey's Bay, from which the famed oil is 製造（する）d, also the pearl oyster.
All these are sources from which wealth will be derived, and which will afford 雇用 to a large 全住民. As to the aborigines of this 地区 it may be placed to their credit, that they are willing at times to work, and even 井戸／弁護士席. The steamer which 貿易（する）s to the place every fortnight always takes from Frazer's Island a number of them to 発射する／解雇する and 負担 the 大型船. They are also 大部分は used in the town for cutting 支持を得ようと努めるd, 製図／抽選 water, bullock 運動ing, horse riding, and breaking up the ground in the gardens.
The 全住民 and 貿易（する） of the town of Maryborough are 速く 増加するing. The source from which the 商売／仕事 is at 現在の 完全に derived is the pastoral or squatting 利益／興味, leaving all other 価値のある and important 利益／興味s to be yet developed, such as 農業, 採掘, 漁業s, and the 木材／素質 貿易（する）. A large 農業の 全住民 may be 推定する／予想するd to settle themselves 負かす／撃墜する on the river. Maryborough has been recently 布告するd as one of the 広大な／多数の／重要な towns wherein 地区 法廷，裁判所s are to be held. The 輸出（する）s are wool, tallow, etc., with 広大な／多数の／重要な 力／強力にする of 拡大.
6. I beg to 示唆する that a copy of this Despatch, together with a copy of my Despatch of even date herewith, 尊敬（する）・点ing the cultivation of cotton in this 植民地, should be transmitted to the 王室の Geographical Society.
I have, etc.,
(調印するd) G.F. BOWEN.
His Grace the Duke of Newcastle,
etc., etc., etc.
No. 10.
COPY OF A DESPATCH FROM GOVERNOR SIR G.F. BOWEN TO HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE
政府 House, Brisbane,
Queensland, April 7, 1860.
(Received June 18, 1860.) (Answered, No.
22,
July 19, 1860, p. 84.)
My Lord Duke,
In 延長／続編 of my former Despatches No. 5 of the 19th and No. 8 of the 23rd Dec., 1859, and No. 18 of the 4th February, ult., I have the honour to enclose copies of the 演説（する）／住所s 現在のd to me at the three towns of Warwick, Drayton, and Toowoomba, which I visited during an 公式の／役人 小旅行する of 査察, from which I have lately returned.
2. It will be 満足な to the Queen and to Her Majesty's 政府, to receive these その上の proofs of the affectionate 忠義 of the people of this 植民地 に向かって Her Majesty's 王位 and person and (I may, perhaps, be permitted to 追加する) of their 信用／信任 in the 協定 made, under Her Majesty's favour, for their 政府.
3. My 最近の 旅行 延長するd through those 地区s of Queensland, which have been longest settled and are mostly thickly 住むd. I was everywhere received with cordial 歓待 by the 主要な／長／主犯 植民／開拓者s, and with loyal enthusiasm by all classes of the community. The 非常に／多数の cavalcades of hundreds of 井戸／弁護士席-機動力のある horsemen, which （機の）カム 前へ／外へ to 会合，会う and 護衛する the first 代表者／国会議員 of their 君主, 現在のd spectacles such as can be 展示（する）d in only two countries in the world—in England and in Australia.
4. As it was during your Grace's first 行政 of the 植民地の Department that the wishes of the Australian Colonists were 栄冠を与えるd by the 譲歩 of responsible 政府, I will take leave to draw your attention to a paragraph in one of the enclosures, which explains a 感情 一般に entertained by this people.
After 明言する／公表するing that "the 旅行 of his Excellency has been one continued ovation from beginning to end"; that "all classes have vied in doing honour to the 代表者／国会議員 of the Queen"; and that "all little sectarian differences, petty jealousies, and 推定するd 競争相手 利益／興味s have been 合併するd in the laudable wish to give our first 知事 a hearty welcome"; the "Darling 負かす／撃墜するs Gazette" proceeds as follows: "Not the least pleasing reflection that 示唆するs itself when reviewing these demonstrations of general joy is the 確定／確認 of the fact, now so long and in so many lands 設立するd, that those descended from the old 在庫／株 at home, to whom self-政府 has been a timely 譲歩, not a 借り切る／憲章 wrung from the Mother country by the 軍隊 of 武器, still 認める and 深い尊敬の念を抱く the grand old 会・原則s, which have made England the greatest 力／強力にする on earth."
14. I have 述べるd in a former Despatch, that rich pastoral 地区 of the tableland which is known as the "Darling 負かす／撃墜するs." The 干ばつs and the 疫病／流行性の 病気s which are frequently 致命的な to sheep and cattle in other parts of Australia seem alike unknown in this favoured 地域. Many large fortunes have been amassed there during the last 15 years.
15. While the impression created on my mind by the 旅行 across the Darling 負かす／撃墜するs was still fresh, I 明言する／公表するd in my reply to the Drayton 演説（する）／住所, that it had "filled me with surprise and 賞賛". Even before I left England I knew by 報告（する）／憶測 the rich natural 資源s and the picturesque beauty of this 地区, the scenery of which vividly 解任するs to my mind the classic plains of Thessaly. But I 自白する that I was not fully 用意が出来ている for so wonderfully 早い an 前進する in all that can 促進する and adorn civilization, an 前進する which has taken place during the fourth part of an 普通の／平均（する） lifetime. Not only have I seen 広大な herds of horses and cattle, and countless flocks of sheep overspreading the valleys and forests, which, within the memory of persons who have yet scarcely 達成するd to the age of manhood, were tenanted only by wild animals, and by a few wandering tribes of savages; not only have I travelled over roads beyond all comparison superior to the means of communication which 存在するd いっそう少なく than a century ago in many parts of the 部隊d Kingdom; not only have I beheld 繁栄するing towns arising in 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs where hardly 20 years 支援する the foot of a white man had never yet trodden the primeval wilderness; not only have I admired these and other proofs of 構成要素 進歩, but I have also 設立する in the houses of the long chain of 植民／開拓者s who have entertained me with such cordial 歓待, all the 慰安s, and most of the 高級なs and refinements of the houses of country gentlemen in England. The wonderful 前進する of this 部分 of the 植民地 during the last 10 years, is 予定 to no sudden and fortuitous 発見 of the precious metals; it is derived wholly from the blessing of Providence on the 技術 and energy of its inhabitants, in subduing and 補充するing the earth. Assuredly, I have 観察するd during the past week very remarkable illustrations of the proverbial genius of the Anglo-Saxon race for the noble and truly 皇室の art of 植民地化.
I have, etc.,
(調印するd) G.F. BOWEN.
His Grace the Duke of Newcastle,
etc., etc., etc.
Source.—Victorian Sessional Papers, 1877-8 Thirty Years of 植民地の 政府 (Bowen), Vol. II, pp. 80-83, 114-119
借りがあるing to the 欠如（する） of the political traditions of the English 議会 摩擦 was bound to rise between the Houses of the 植民地の 立法機関s. A 法案 to 供給する 一時的に for the 支払い（額） of members had been passed several times by the Victorian 議会, but the 会議 was …に反対するd to making a 永久の 準備／条項 for the 目的. In 1877 Sir Graham Berry tacked the 手段 to the 年次の （資金の）充当／歳出 法案, which was その結果 拒絶するd by the 会議.
Memorandum to His Excellency the 知事.
The 首相 on に代わって of himself and his 同僚s, respectfully advises the 知事 to 調印する the message 要求するd by the 25th 条項 of the 憲法 行為／法令／行動する transmitting for the consideration of the 法律を制定する 議会 the …を伴ってing 付加 見積（る）s for the service of the year 1877-8.
His Excellency will 観察する that it has been thought 権利 by his Responsible 助言者s to 含む in these 付加 見積（る）s 準備／条項 for reimbursing members of the 法律を制定する 会議 and the 法律を制定する 議会 their expenses in relation to their 出席 in 議会 at the 率 of &続けざまに猛撃する;300 per 年 each, from and after the 現在の 開会／開廷／会期 of 議会.
(調印するd) Graham Berry, Treasurer.
21st Nov. 1877.
The 知事 認めるs the 領収書 of the Memorandum submitted to him by the Hon. the 首相 on this day.
The 知事 has in 順応／服従 with the advice of his Responsible 大臣s 調印するd the message submitted to him by them, transmitting for the consideration of the 法律を制定する 議会 付加 or その上の 見積（る）s for the service of the year 1877-8.
(調印するd) G.F. Bowen.
政府 Offices, Melbourne.
21st November 1877.
January 12, 1878.
演説（する）／住所 from the 法律を制定する 会議 to His Excellency the 知事.
TO HIS EXCELLENCY SIR GEORGE FERGUSON BOWEN, KNIGHT GRAND CROSS OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED ORDER OF ST. MICHAEL AND ST. GEORGE, and 指揮官-in-長，指導者 in and over the 植民地 of Victoria and its Dependencies and 副／悪徳行為-海軍大将 of the same, etc.
May it please your Excellency,
We her Most Gracious Majesty's most dutiful and loyal 支配するs, the members of the 法律を制定する 会議 of Victoria, in 議会 組み立てる／集結するd beg leave to approach Your Excellency with 新たにするd 保証／確信s of unabated 忠義 to Her Majesty's 王位 and Person.
We 願望（する） to draw Your Excellency's attention to the answer given by the Hon. the 地位，任命する-Master General during the sitting of the 会議 on the 1st instant to the question put by one of our members, viz.:—Whether it is the 意向 of the 省 to afford this House the 適切な時期 of considering the propriety of 新たにするing or discontinuing the 支払い（額） of members of 議会 by submitting the 手段 by 法案 as heretofore.
The answer was as follows:—In reply to the Hon. Member the 閣僚 願望（する） me to 明言する／公表する that it is unusual and inexpedient to 明言する／公表する the 意向 of the 政府 さもなければ than by the 予定 贈呈 of 商売／仕事 to 議会; but in this instance there is an 付加 serious 反対 to the question of the hon. member. It 取引，協定s with the （資金の）充当／歳出 of 歳入 which is the 排除的 特権 of the 法律を制定する 議会, and it is 高度に 望ましくない that the 法律を制定する 会議 should 干渉する even by a question with （資金の）充当／歳出, the initiation of which is by message from the 栄冠を与える, on the advice of the responsible 大臣s and is その上の controlled by the 排除的 特権s of the 議会.
This 存在 the opinion of Your Excellency's 助言者s, were we to continue silent it might with some show of 推論する／理由 be inferred that we were 満足させるd with the answer of the 政府, and would 受託する their dictum as 代表するing the true position of the 事柄 as between the two 議会s.
We have thought it 現職の upon us to lay before Your Excellency the に引き続いて circumstances connected with the question of 支払い（額） of members:—In the 開会／開廷／会期 of 1860-1, a separate 法案 for 支払い（額） of members was introduced into the 議会, but was lost in the 会議. In the 開会／開廷／会期 1861, Sir Henry Barkly, who was then 知事, was 警告するd by the 法律を制定する 会議 of the 必然的な consequences of a sum 存在 含むd in the 年次の 見積（る）s of 支出 for the 補償（金） of members of 議会, and the objectionable item was not 含むd in the 見積（る）s for the year when laid before the 議会 that 開会／開廷／会期.
On five その後の occasions separate 法案s for the same 反対する have been sent up from the 法律を制定する 議会, three of which were 拒絶するd, and the two last were passed by the 法律を制定する 会議, but on both these occasions the 主要な／長／主犯 支持者s of the 法案s distinctly 明言する／公表するd that their 投票（する）s were given on the understanding that the 対策 were to be 試験的な only, and 限られた／立憲的な in their duration.
The question at the 現在の time is in 正確に／まさに the same position as it was when 起こる／始まるd in 1861, and is still in the 地域 of 実験の 法律制定. It is not a mere question of the （資金の）充当／歳出 of the public 歳入, but of public 政策 upon which an uniform usage has been 可決する・採択するd in the 植民地, with the concurrence of both Houses, with the 示すd co-操作／手術 of Her Majesty's 代表者／国会議員 in 1861.
The usage, moreover, is in strict 順応／服従 with the 王室の 指示／教授／教育s which direct that "in the passing of all 法律s each different 事柄 must be 供給するd for by a different 法律 without intermixing such things as have no proper relation to each other, and that no 条項 or 条項s be 挿入するd in, or 別館d to any 行為／法令／行動する which shall be foreign to what the 肩書を与える of that 行為／法令／行動する 輸入するs."
We 願望（する） to 知らせる Your Excellency that we （人命などを）奪う，主張する the 権利 to 演習 the same 解放する／自由な and 審議する／熟考する 投票（する） on any 法案 which may be submitted to us for 供給するing 補償（金） to members of 議会 as we have 演習d on all previous occasions and we 服従させる／提出する that the 傾向 of a sum for that 目的 in the 年次の （資金の）充当／歳出 法案 might make such 手続き the 器具 of enabling one 支店 of the 立法機関 to coerce the other.
GOVERNOR SIR G.F. BOWEN, G.C.M.G., TO THE EARL OF CARNARVON, RECEIVED 23RD JAN. 1878. Telegraphic.
23rd Jan. 1878.
In consequence of the 拒絶 of the 年次の （資金の）充当／歳出 法案 by the 法律を制定する 会議, 大臣s have made large 一時的な 削減s in the public 支出 to economise 基金s for Police Gaols, and 保護 of life and 所有物／資産／財産 to the 最新の possible moment, and that is about until next May. A number of civil servants and minor officers of the judicial department have やむを得ず been dispensed with 一時的に, but 十分な 準備／条項 has been made for the 行政 of 司法（官） and 維持／整備 of 法律 and order. The 政府 will do nothing contrary to 法律 or 皇室の 利益／興味s.
十分な 報告（する）／憶測s by Mail.
TELEGRAMS FROM MELBOURNE
Melb. 14th Jan.
（資金の）充当／歳出 法案 was 拒絶するd by 法律を制定する 会議 consequent upon 条項 for 支払い（額） of members 存在 挿入するd. 政府 in 会議 解任するd at a moment's notice all 郡 法廷，裁判所 裁判官s, Police 治安判事s, Wardens, 検死官s, many 長，率いるs of Departments. その上の 広範囲にわたる changes 発表するd. 広大な／多数の／重要な Alarm and Indignation. 貿易（する） disorganised.
25th Jan.
No political change. Many more 解雇／（訴訟の）却下s.
30th Jan.
著名な Counsel 宣言する 行為／法令／行動するs of Sir George Bowen in の近くにing 法廷，裁判所s 違法な. The country alarmed. 国務長官 勧めるd to を待つ letters by mail and not 行為／法令／行動する on exparte 声明s.
To the 権利 Hon. Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, Bart, M.P.
政府 House, Melb. April 12th, 1878.
Sir,
On the 29th ultimo I 今後d to you a 電報電信 発表するing the happy termination, through a fair 妥協 honourable to both 味方するs, of the 長引いた 危機 and "行き詰まる" between the two Houses of 議会, which had 原因（となる）d so much excitement and agitation, and so much 苦しむing and loss in this community, and which was 緊張するing the 憲法 of this 植民地 to a degree which it could not have 耐えるd for long.
Ever since December constant 成果／努力s have been made to induce the 相反する Houses to agree to an honourable 妥協 of their differences. 本人自身で I omitted no proper 適切な時期 of recommending 相互の forbearance and 相互の 譲歩s. It was 提案するd on に代わって of the 省 and the 議会 that the 会議 should agree to pass the separate 法案 sent up to them in December, and that the 議会 should 同時に, or as nearly so as might be, 任命する a 委員会 to search for the （資金の）充当／歳出 法案 which had been "laid aside" and should then reenact that 法案 without the item 反対するd to by the Upper House. The 大臣s, a strong 少数，小数派 of the 議員s, the 議会, and the general public—all 部隊d in 圧力（をかける）ing the 会議 to 受託する this 協定, but there were many disappointing 延期するs and 失敗s in the 交渉s.
Finally, however, all difficulties were 打ち勝つ, and both the separate 法案 continuing the reimbursement of the expense of members and the 年次の （資金の）充当／歳出 行為／法令／行動する have become 法律.
General satisfaction has been felt and everywhere 表明するd at this termination of the late dangerous and 悲惨な 議会の "行き詰まる," and the political and social animosities 原因（となる）d by it are already 急速な／放蕩な 沈下するing. The country is tranquil and 一般に 繁栄する. Before the 開始／学位授与式 of the political 危機 there had been a 部分的な／不平等な 不景気 in 貿易（する） and 価値低下 in the value of 確かな 肉親，親類d of 所有物／資産／財産, in consequence of a long 干ばつ 後継するd by very 激しい floods, and from other 一時的な 原因（となる）s. These evils had been 悪化させるd by the sense of 不確定 rather than of insecurity produced by the 猛烈な／残忍な and 長引いた political and social agitation and antagonism of the last four months. But a young and strong community like that of Victoria, 十分な of life and energy, and of that general good humour which flows from the habitual 繁栄 of all classes, 速く 回復するs from 不景気 and discontent, however 原因（となる）d.
It has been very 満足な to me to receive the 保証／確信s that throughout the late 財政上の 行き詰まる, no public money has been expended except in 予定 form of 法律, and in strict 一致 with 議会の usage. Those public 作品 which had been 合法的に 供給するd for by 鉄道 and 貸付金 行為／法令／行動するs, or さもなければ, have been carried on without interruption; while by dint of strict economy and of the large retrenchments in the civil service 影響d by the 省, the 行政 of 司法（官） and of the several departments of the 政府 has proceeded 定期的に and without intermission.
In a speech 配達するd in last October before the actual beginning of the 最近の 危機, but in 予期 of its 近づく approach, I recommended the members of both Houses of 議会 and of both 政党s to lay to heart the subjoined passage in one of Mr. J.S. Mill's 作品:
"One of the most 不可欠の requisites in the practical 行為／行う of politics, 特に in the 管理／経営 of 解放する／自由な 会・原則s, is 調停, a 準備完了 to 妥協, a 乗り気 to 譲歩する something to 対抗者s, and to 形態／調整 good 対策 so as to be as little 不快な／攻撃 as possible to persons of opposite 見解（をとる）s, and of this salutary habit the 相互の 'give and take' (as it has been called) between two Houses is a perpetual school; useful as such even now, and its 公共事業（料金）／有用性 would probably be more felt in a more democratic 憲法 of the 立法機関." Nor have I ever 中止するd to 勧める the 採択 of such 原則s as those laid 負かす／撃墜する by Mr. Merivale when he wrote "Moderation in success, self-否定 in the 演習 of 力／強力にする, habitual consideration for the opinions and feelings of others, 準備完了 to 妥協 differences, love of 司法（官） and fair play, 不本意 to 押し進める 原則s to extremes, the moral courage which will dare to stand up against a 大多数, the habit of 絶えず, and, as it were instinctively 延期するing self to the public 利益／興味, and this whether arising from moral choice or from the 強制 課すd by public opinion; these are the balancing 質s which 妨げる the misuse of political freedom."
With regard to the opinions which I have formed 関心ing the proper position and 相互の relations of the two Houses of the Victorian 議会, it will be remembered that my opinions are 同一の with those placed on 記録，記録的な／記録する on that 支配する by the late Lord Canterbury, my able and experienced 前任者 in my 現在の office. It will also be recollected that I have 刻々と followed, during the 危機 of 1877-8, the precedents made, and the 憲法の course 追求するd by Lord Canterbury during the previous 危機 of 1867-8. In 認めるing Lord Canterbury's despatch of 18th July, 1868, 報告（する）／憶測ing the termination of the 危機 of 1867-8, the then 国務長官 for the 植民地s (the Duke of Buckingham) wrote as follows:
"I have to 表明する my 是認 of your 会社／堅い 固守 to your 憲法の position through these trying discussions; and I learn with satisfaction the 停止 of a 明言する／公表する of 事件／事情／状勢s which has been 生産力のある of so much inconvenience in the 植民地."
Having 追求するd 正確に／まさに the same course and 行為／法令／行動するd on 正確に／まさに the same 原則s with my 前任者, I am 確信して that I shall receive 類似の personal support. Moreover, I 服従させる／提出する that it is of 最高の importance, on public grounds, that the people of the Australasian 植民地s should know that the 活動／戦闘s and 行為／行う of 連続する 知事s are not 誘発するd by the personal 見解（をとる）s or idiosyncrasies of individuals, but that they are guided by a 一貫した and uniform 政策, 許可／制裁d by the 当局 of the 皇室の 政府.
Source.—New Guinea. By Charles Lyne (special 代表者／国会議員 of the "Sydney Morning 先触れ（する）"), pp. 1-28
In 1882, the Queensland 政府 took alarm at 確かな rumours of the 意向 of Germany to 別館 New Guinea, but for a time the British 政府 辞退するd to move. When the 設立 of a protectorate was 権限を与えるd, only the southeastern 部分 of the island was 利用できる, Germany having, in the 合間, 別館d the northern part and the group of Islands known as New Britain.
Commodore Erskine in H.M.S. Nelson arrived at Port Moresby on Sunday, the 2nd of November, 1884, and the Union Jack now 飛行機で行くs from the flagstaff at the 使節団 駅／配置する, the 布告／宣言 of a British Protectorate having been made with much 儀式 on Thursday Nov. 6.
On the Wednesday afternoon, the 長，指導者s and a number of other natives were brought on board the H.M.S. Nelson, and a grand 議会 took place, with a feast for the 長，指導者s and an 演説（する）／住所 from the Commodore, a 贈呈 of gifts attractive to the native 注目する，もくろむ, and the 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing of some of the ships' guns. The 旗s of さまざまな nations were hung over the ４半期/4分の1-deck in the form of an awning, and the officers wore frock-coats and swords. Most of the 長，指導者s were destitute of 着せる／賦与するing, the mop-like hair and foreheads of some of them 存在 bound 一連の会議、交渉／完成する with 禁止（する）d of small 爆撃するs and the hair ornamented with tufts of feathers. Two or three wore old shirts, and one, Boe Vagi, the 長，指導者 of the Port Moresby natives, who was 任命するd by the Commodore to be the 長，率いる 長，指導者 of the Motu tribe, was dressed in a shirt, with a handkerchief 一連の会議、交渉／完成する his loins, a red felt hat on his 長，率いる, and some green leaves through the 高く弓形に打ち返す of his left ear. Evidently he had been attired 特に for the occasion, as his usual dress is as scanty as that of his fellows. There were in all about fifty of the 長，指導者s, most of them 存在 代表者／国会議員s of the Motu tribe; and after having been permitted to look 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the ship, they were directed by the missionaries, Messrs. 法律s and Chalmers, to seat themselves upon the deck. Then a 広大な／多数の／重要な tub of boiled rice, sweetened with brown sugar, was brought on deck, and 水盤／入り江s of this mixture were 手渡すd 一連の会議、交渉／完成する to the 長，指導者s who received them, and devoured the rice with evident satisfaction. Ships' 薄焼きパン／素焼陶器s were also served out, and the scene 現在のd by the feasting savages, and by the 配合 of the Nelson's officers and the parading of the bluejackets on the opposite 味方する of the deck—so that a photograph might be taken of the whole 議会—was exceedingly 利益／興味ing and picturesque.
When the feasting was over, Commodore Erskine （機の）カム upon deck, and the 長，指導者, Boe Vagi, having been 招待するd by Mr. 法律s to come 今後, the Commodore 演説（する）／住所d him, and his fellow 長，指導者s, and said:
"I have asked you to come on board to-day in order that I may explain to you about the 儀式 which will take place to-morrow on shore. I have been sent to this place to 通知する and 布告する that Her Majesty the Queen has 設立するd a Protectorate over the southern shores of New Guinea, and in 記念品 of that event I am directed to hoist the British 旗 at Port Moresby, and at other places along the coast and islands. To-morrow, then, I ーするつもりである to hoist the English 旗 here, and to read a 布告／宣言 which will be duly translated to you. I 願望（する）, on に代わって of Her Majesty the Queen, to explain to you the meaning of the 儀式の which you are about to 証言，証人／目撃する. It is a 布告／宣言 that from this time 前へ／外へ you are placed under the 保護 of Her Majesty's 政府; that evil-性質の／したい気がして men will not be able to 占領する your country, to 掴む your lands, or to take you away from your own homes. I have been 教えるd to say to you that what you have seen done here to-day on board Her Majesty's ship of war, and which will be done again to-morrow on shore, is to give you the strongest 保証／確信 of Her Majesty's gracious 保護 of you, and to 警告する bad and evil-性質の／したい気がして men that if they 試みる／企てる to do you 害（を与える）, they will be 敏速に punished by the officers of the Queen. Your lands will be 安全な・保証するd to you; your wives and children will be 保護するd. Should any 傷害 be done to you, you will すぐに 知らせる Her Majesty's officers, who will reside amongst you, and they will hear your （民事の）告訴s, and do you 司法（官）. You will look upon all white persons whom the Queen 許すs to reside amongst you as your friends, and Her Majesty's 支配するs. The Queen will 許す nobody to reside here who does you 傷害. You will under no circumstances （打撃，刑罰などを）与える 罰 upon any white person; but if such person has done you wrong you will tell Her Majesty's officers of that wrong in order that the 事例／患者 may be 公正に／かなり 問い合わせd into. You must know that it is for your 安全, and to 妨げる 流血／虐殺, that the Queen sends me here to you, and will send her officers to live amongst you. And now I hope that you 明確に understand that we are here amongst you as your friends. You will all keep peace amongst yourselves, and if you have 論争s with each other, you will bring them before the Queen's officers who will settle them for you without 流血／虐殺. Should bad men come amongst you, bringing 小火器 and gunpowder, and intoxicating アルコール飲料s, you are not to buy them, and are to give notice at once to the Queen's officers, so that such men may be punished. Always keep in your minds that the Queen guards and watches over you, looks upon you as her children, and will not 許す anyone to 害（を与える） you, and will soon send her 信用d officers to carry out her gracious 意向s in the 設立 of this Protectorate."
At the Commodore's request Mr. 法律s read a translation of this 演説（する）／住所 in the Motu language, the 長，指導者s listening attentively: then calling the 長，指導者, Boe Vagi, 今後, Commodore Erskine shook 手渡すs with him, and introduced him to Mr. Romilly; and the Commodore's intimation of the 任命 of a High Commissioner for New Guinea and his explanation of Mr. Romilly's position, were 解釈する／通訳するd to the 長，指導者s by Mr. 法律s. This was followed by the 任命 of Boe Vagi as 長，率いる 長，指導者 of the Motu tribe. To make his 任命 more 際立った, he was 現在のd with an emblem of 当局 in the form of an ebony stick with a florin let in at the 最高の，を越す, the Queen's 長，率いる 存在 uppermost, and encircled by a 禁止（する）d of silver. 手渡すing to Boe Vagi this stick, the Commodore said: "I 現在の him with this stick, which is to be an emblem to him of his 当局; and all the tribes who are 代表するd by the 長，指導者s here are to look to the 支えるもの／所有者 of this stick, Boe Vagi. This stick 代表するs the Queen's 長，率いる, the Queen of England; and if at any time any of the people of these tribes have any grievance or anything to say, they are, through this man, the 支えるもの／所有者 of this stick, Boe Vagi, to make it known to the Queen's officers, in order that it may be 問い合わせd into. This stick is to be the symbol of his 当局, and all the tribes are to have communication through him with the Queen's officer."
Directed then to descend to the main deck the 長，指導者s walked one after another into the Commodore's cabin, where each received a 現在の consisting of a tomahawk, a butcher's knife, a coloured shirt, or a piece of coloured cloth, and some figs of 新たな展開 タバコ. It was a curious sight to see these 長，指導者s, some of them very old men, but others young, 築く and muscular, とじ込み／提出するing in at one door, and after shaking 手渡すs with the Commodore and receiving a 現在の, leaving by the other; and it was very amusing to notice how startled some of them were at suddenly discovering themselves in a large pier-glass, which they had to pass before leaving the cabin. The Commodore did not fail to point out through Mr. 法律s to the 長，指導者 who had burnt the village of another, that for the 未来 he would not be 許すd to commit such an 行為／法令／行動する, and must through the Queen's officers 捜し出す 是正する for any grievance he might have; and the man was evidently impressed by what was said to him.
At half-past six next morning the 上陸 of officers and men of the 騎兵大隊 for the 目的 of 公然と 布告するing the 設立 of the Protectorate, and hoisting the British 旗, 開始するd. The general order 問題／発行するd by the Commodore directed that the dress for officers should be cocked hat, undress coat, and epaulettes; the dress for seamen white frocks and hats, and that for 海洋s white tunics and helmets. There was, その結果, a very attractive 陳列する，発揮する of uniforms, and altogether it was an exceedingly 利益／興味ing spectacle. The 早期に hour 任命するd for the 上陸 permitted of the 儀式 存在 成し遂げるd at a time when the heat, which was 激しい while the Nelson was on the coast, was not likely to be very trying to the men. The water of the harbour lay placid as a lake, with the ships of war far out from the shore, and here and there native canoes moving slowly along or 残り／休憩（する）ing idly on the surface; and the hills and valleys were green and shaded from the sun, and wore that refreshing 外見 which is 著名な when the trees and the grass have been bathed in dew, and when the sun's rays are strong enough only to make the dewdrops sparkle, and to 深くする the 影をつくる／尾行するs in the 休会s where the sunlight has not yet 侵入するd.
The boats 伝えるing the officers and men to the shore, each 飛行機で行くing the white ensign, imparted life and colour to the scene upon the water, and nothing could be more picturesque and beautiful than the 見解（をとる） on shore, where the houses of the native villages 国境ing the beach, with their brown occupants gazing in amazement on what was taking place before them, were shaded by a grove of cocoanut palms, the refreshing dark green fronds 存在 rivalled only by the はしけ green of the 農園s of the 白人指導者べったりの東洋人 trees on the 味方するs of the hills, which, rising high above the village, were, notwithstanding the 証拠 of cultivation by the natives, and the 存在 of the little 使節団 解決／入植地, dressed in almost all their native loveliness, and 式服d in delicately-色合いd morning もやs.
Inside the enclosed ground stood the 使節団 house, and on a 位置／汚点／見つけ出す 命令（する）ing a 見解（をとる） of almost the entire harbour was the flagstaff which was now to 陳列する，発揮する the 旗 hoisted with the 当局 of the Queen by Commodore Erskine; and it was around this flagstaff that the 軍隊／機動隊s were drawn up in a hollow square, the men 直面するing inwards, with the officers to the 前線, and the Commodore and his 控訴 standing with the missionaries and Mr. Chester on the verandah of the 使節団 house. The native 長，指導者s who had been on board the Nelson were seated in a picturesque group on the ground すぐに in 前線 of the Commodore; and other natives and a few white 観客s stood in a （人が）群がる at the 後部 of the blue-jackets. The only 代表者／国会議員 of English women 現在の was Mrs. 法律s, wife of the Rev. W.G. 法律s, who was 融通するd with a 議長，司会を務める, and sat 近づく the Commodore and the officers on either 味方する of him.
すぐに the blue-jackets had landed they were marched up the hill to the 使節団 構内／化合物, but the 海洋s remained upon the beach until the Commodore landed, when they 現在のd 武器, and afterwards, with 銃剣 直す／買収する，八百長をするd, marched with the 禁止（する）d to join the bluejackets in 前線 of the 使節団 house.
On the Commodore appearing before the 軍隊／機動隊s they 現在のd 武器, and he then read the に引き続いて 布告／宣言:
"PROCLAMATION.
"布告／宣言 on に代わって of her Most Gracious Majesty Victoria, by the grace of God, of the 部隊d Kingdom of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the 約束, 皇后 of India, 設立するing a Protectorate of Her Most Gracious Majesty over a 部分 of New Guinea, and the Islands 隣接する thereto.
"To all to whom these 現在のs shall come, 迎える／歓迎するing:
"反して it has become 必須の, for the 保護 of the lives and 所有物／資産／財産s of the native inhabitants of New Guinea, and for the 目的 of 妨げるing the 占領／職業 of 部分s of that country by persons whose 訴訟／進行s unsanctioned by any lawful 当局 might tend to 不正, 争い and 流血／虐殺, and who, under the pretence of 合法的 貿易（する） and intercourse, might 危うくする the liberties, and 所有する themselves of the lands of such native inhabitants, that a British Protectorate should be 設立するd over a 確かな 部分 of such country and the islands 隣接する thereto.
"And 反して Her Majesty, having taken into her gracious consideration the 緊急の necessity of her 保護 to such inhabitants has directed me to 布告する such 保護 in a formal manner at this place: Now, I, James Elphinstone Erskine, Captain in the 王室の 海軍, and Commodore of the Australian 駅／配置する, one of Her Majesty's 海軍の 補佐官s-de-（軍の）野営地，陣営, do hereby, in the 指名する of Her Most Gracious Majesty, 宣言する and 布告する the 設立 of such Protectorate over such 部分s of the coast and the 隣接する islands as is more 特に 述べるd in the schedule hereunto 別館d.
"And I hereby 布告する and 宣言する that no 取得／買収 of land whensoever or howsoever acquired, within the 限界s of the Protectorate hereby 設立するd, will be 認めるd by Her Majesty; And I do hereby, on に代わって of Her Majesty, 命令（する） and enjoin all persons whom it may 関心 to take notice of this 布告／宣言."
"SCHEDULE.
"All that 部分 of the southern shores of New Guinea 開始するing from the 境界 of that 部分 of the country （人命などを）奪う，主張するd by the 政府 of the Netherlands on the 141st meridian of east longitude to East Cape, with all islands 隣接する thereto south of East Cape to Kosman Island inclusive, together with the islands in the Goschen 海峡s.
"Given on board Her Majesty's ship Nelson, at the harbour of Port Moresby, on the 6th day of November 1884.
"(調印するd) JAMES ELPHINSTONE ERSKINE.
"Commodore."God Save the Queen."
This was 解釈する／通訳するd to the natives by the Rev. W.G. 法律s, who, at the request of Commodore Erskine, had translated it into the Motu language, and then, by direction of the Commodore, the Union Jack was slowly raised to the トラックで運ぶ of the flagstaff.
All this not a little astonished the natives, though some of those whose homes were at Port Moresby had 証言，証人／目撃するd the 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing of a feu-de-joie before; but though the 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing startled some of them it had, with the general 陳列する，発揮する, the 影響 of impressing them all with some sense of the solemn importance of the 儀式 that was 存在 成し遂げるd. The 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing party were then ordered to shoulder 武器, and the Commodore, 演説（する）／住所ing all 現在の at the 儀式 but the natives, said:
"Officers and men, Mr. Romilly and Gentlemen, This 利益／興味ing and important 儀式 now 正式に 結論するd, it only remains for me, in Her Majesty's 指名する to 表明する the 熱烈な hope that under the blessing of Almighty God the 設立 of this Protectorate may conduce to the peace, happiness and 福利事業 of the people of this 広大な 領土. May the British 旗 which we have this day 工場／植物d on these shores be to the people of this 部分 of New Guinea the symbol of their freedom and their liberty, and the 布告／宣言 which I have just read, the 借り切る／憲章 of their 権利s and 特権s. May it be to them a Protectorate in 行為, 同様に as in 指名する, 保護するing them alike from the encroachment of foreigners and the 積極的な or unlawful 活動／戦闘s of any other 国籍; may the blessings of civilization and Christianity, the seeds of which have been already sown by English 手渡すs in the persons of the 勇敢に立ち向かう and good men 現在の on this occasion, 増加する and multiply exceedingly amongst them; and lastly, as the Union Jack which has on several former occasions been hoisted on the shores of New Guinea and the 隣接する islands is on this day for the first time 陳列する，発揮するd and hoisted on New Guinea under the 当局 and by the 命令（する） of her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, I most fervently pray that the 設立 of a British Protectorate on these shores may tend to insure the 正直さ and inviolability of the 広大な／多数の／重要な Australian 植民地s, and 促進する the best 利益／興味s of their people; and I 信用 that this important step may be …に出席するd with the happiest results, and redound to the honour of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, for whom I now 招待する you to give three hearty 元気づけるs."
The call was 権利 loyally 答える／応じるd to, and with Captain 橋（渡しをする） 主要な, three British 元気づけるs rang out and echoed の中で the hills; and then, with a 王室の salute, the 軍隊／機動隊s once more 現在のing 武器, the 儀式 was brought to a の近くに.
Source.—国家の Australasian 条約 審議s, pp. 3-5, 23-28, 322
After self-政府 had been 認めるd to the Australian 植民地s, the need for 部隊d 活動／戦闘 in 確かな 事柄s became 明らかな. Under the leadership of Sir Henry Parkes a strong movement for 連合 was 組織するd. His 労働 bore fruit in the 会合 of the 国家の Australasian 条約 in 1891. At this 議会 were passed the 決意／決議s which form the 創立／基礎 of the 連合 行為／法令／行動する.
March 3rd. Mr. Munro rose to move:
That, the Honourable Sir Henry Parkes, G.C.M.G., 首相 of New South むちの跡s, do take the 議長，司会を務める as 大統領 of this 国家の Australasian 条約.
He said: I think this is a fitting honour to 会談する upon the author of the movement on the part of these Australian 植民地s, which resulted in the 会議／協議会 held in Melbourne last year. The hon. gentleman has taken a 深い 利益／興味 in the 支配する of 連合 for a 広大な／多数の／重要な number of years, and we, moreover, 会合，会う in the 植民地 of which he has the honour to be 首相. I have no 疑問 that in the position of 大統領，／社長 he will 援助（する） us with his 会議 and advice, and that his occupancy of the 議長，司会を務める will 反映する credit upon our 訴訟／進行s.
Mr. Dibbs: We look to Sir Henry Parkes as, to some extent, the architect of the structure we are about to build, and we, like the other gentlemen 現在の, look to our 首相 for advice and explanation, and hope that he will in 予定 time place before us such a programme as will enable us to proceed with the 広大な／多数の／重要な work before us; I can 保証する the honourable gentleman that we 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がる the compliment paid to the 植民地 through our 首相, and 本人自身で I have 広大な／多数の／重要な 楽しみ in supporting the proposition which has been made.
Question 解決するd in the affirmative.
The 大統領 elect, 存在 行為／行うd to the 議長，司会を務める by the Hon. James Munro, and the Hon. Sir Samuel Griffith, said:
Mr. Munro, Sir Samuel Griffith, and honourable gentlemen, I could not, under any circumstances, do other than 産する／生じる to your 全員一致の choice. I am very conscious indeed of my disqualifications for the office of 大統領. It is hardly in my nature to 観察する that 熟考する／考慮するd decorum which is so 向こうずねing a 質 in the 議長，司会を務める. I have not been fitted for that 状況／情勢 in life. I therefore feel how 広大な／多数の／重要な the honour is to be placed in that position on this 広大な／多数の／重要な occasion and by this 広大な／多数の／重要な 団体／死体. I shall 信用 to that generous unanimity which has 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd in carrying this 動議 to support me in 発射する／解雇するing 義務s in the 議長，司会を務める, 義務s which may become onerous; and I am やめる sure I shall not 信用 in vain. It becomes my 義務 to give this 保証／確信, that so far as I know myself, I will 命令（する） myself to do the 義務s of this 議長，司会を務める so that there shall be no 原因（となる） of （民事の）告訴. I will try to 行為／行う the 商売／仕事 as to 感情を害する／違反する 非，不，無, and, if possible, 安全な・保証する the good opinion which appears to have been formed to-day. I thank the honourable gentlemen for the 広大な／多数の／重要な distinction you have conferred upon me, and I 信用 非，不，無 of you will see 原因（となる） to 悔いる the 投票（する） you have given.
March 4th. Sir Henry Parkes: I have the 栄誉（を受ける） to move,
That ーするために 設立する and 安全な・保証する an 耐えるing 創立／基礎 for the structure of a 連邦の 政府, the 原則s 具体的に表現するd in the に引き続いて 決意／決議s be agreed to:—
1. That the 力／強力にするs and 特権s and 領土の 権利s of the several 存在するing 植民地s shall remain 損なわれていない, except in 尊敬（する）・点 to such 降伏するs as may be agreed upon as necessary, and incidental to the 力／強力にする and 当局 of the 国家の 連邦の 政府.
2. That the 貿易（する） and intercourse between the federated 植民地s whether by means of land carriage or 沿岸の 航海 shall be 絶対 解放する／自由な.
3. That the 力／強力にする and 当局 to 課す customs 義務s shall be 排他的に 宿泊するd in the 連邦の 政府 and 議会, 支配する to such 処分 of the 歳入s thence derived as shall be agreed upon.
4. That the 軍の and 海軍の defence of Australia shall be intrusted to 連邦の 軍隊s under one 命令（する）.
I 服従させる／提出する these 決意／決議s as a 基礎 on which a 審議 may be raised on the whole question with which we have to 取引，協定. They certainly give a fair 表現 of the 輪郭（を描く） of the 憲法 which we want, as it 存在するs in my own mind, and to that extent I at once 認める the paternity of the 動議 I make. I 投機・賭ける to 控訴，上告 to every 植民地, and to every 委任する／代表 代表するing every 植民地, to 会合，会う the work on which we are about to begin, in a 幅の広い 連邦の spirit. We cannot hope for any just 結論—we cannot hope reasonably for any 量 of valid success—unless we lose sight to a large extent of the 地元の 利益／興味s which we 代表する at the same time that we 代表する the 広大な／多数の／重要な 原因（となる）.
There can be no 連合 if we should happen, any of us, to 主張する upon 条件s which stand in the way of 連合; there can be no 完全にする union of these 政府s, of these communities, of these separate 植民地s, unless we can so far （疑いを）晴らす the way as to approach the 広大な／多数の／重要な question of creating a 連邦の 力／強力にする as if the 境界s now 存在するing had no 存在 whatever. I cannot too fervently impress upon my co-代表者／国会議員s from all parts of Australia the necessity of keeping in 見解（をとる） the one 反対する of the better 政府 of Australia, the whole Australian people.
By my second 条件 I 捜し出す to define what seems to me an 絶対 necessary 条件 of anything like perfect 連合, that is, that Australia, as Australia, shall be 解放する／自由な—解放する／自由な on the 国境s, 解放する／自由な everywhere, in its 貿易（する） and intercourse between its own people; and that there shall be no 妨害 of any 肉親，親類d—that there shall be no 障壁 of any 肉親，親類d between one section of the Australian people and another; but, that the 貿易（する） and general communication of these people shall flow on from one end of the continent to the other, with no one to stay its 進歩 or to call it to account; in other words, if this is carried, it must やむを得ず take with it the 転換ing of the 力／強力にする of 法律制定 on all 会計の questions from the 地元の or 地方の 議会s, to the 広大な／多数の／重要な 国家の 議会 sought to be created. Now our country is fashioned by nature in a remarkable manner—in a manner which distinguishes it from all other countries in the world for 統一 for family life—if I may use that 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 in a 国家の sense. We are separated from the 残り／休憩（する） of the world by many leagues of sea—from all the old countries of the world and from the greatest of the new countries; but we are separated from all countries by a wide expanse of sea, which leaves us with an 巨大な 領土, a 実りの多い／有益な 領土, a 領土 有能な of 支えるing its countless millions—leaves us compact within ourselves; so that if a perfectly 解放する／自由な people can arise anywhere, it surely may arise in this favoured land of Australia.
Whatever our 見解（をとる）s may be on other points, I think we shall all be agreed upon this; that for the defence of Australia to be economical, to be efficient, to be equal to any 緊急 that may arise at any time, it must be of a 連邦の character, and must be under one 命令（する）. I do not mean that the 海軍の and land 軍隊s shall be under one 指揮官-in-長，指導者, but that they should be under one kindred 命令（する）—that the 海軍の officer in 命令（する） 平等に with the 軍の officer shall be a 連邦の officer, and amenable to the 国家の 政府 of Australia.
As to the 知恵 of the 広大な／多数の／重要な step we have now taken, for so many 著名な men from different parts of Australia 会合 in this 議会 as 委任する／代表s from their 植民地s is in itself a 広大な／多数の／重要な step—as to the 知恵 of that step we have the 警告 of every country in the world which has used 政府 by a 連合.
Here we find a people I suppose about 4,000,000 strong. They have afforded in the 広大な／多数の／重要な cities of Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane and Hobart abundant proof of their 力／強力にする of 設立するing an empire. Go beyond the cities; they have 遂行するd under responsible 政府 what appear to me, and what must appear to any stranger who knew the country thirty-five years ago, marvels in the way of 内部の 改良s. Not only the 鉄道s, but the telegraphs, and everything that conduces to the best ends of a civilized community, has been 達成するd by this scattered people in a marvellous manner. But all through this 広大な／多数の／重要な, this noble, this successful 成果／努力, we have had different sources of irritation, of bad neighbourhood, of 騒動, of 侵略, which, if they were to go on, must make these co-terminous communities instead of 存在 one people of one 血, one 約束, one jurisprudence, one in the very 原則s of civilization themselves—instead of that must make us cavilling, disputatious, foreign countries. The only way to stop that is for the whole people—and remember that the whole people in the final result must be the arbiters—to join in creating one 広大な／多数の／重要な union 政府 which shall 行為／法令／行動する for the whole. That 政府 must, of course, be 十分に strong to 行為／法令／行動する with 影響, to 行為／法令／行動する 首尾よく, and it must be 十分に strong to carry the 指名する and the fame of Australia with unspotted beauty, and with uncrippled 力／強力にする throughout the world. One 広大な／多数の／重要な end, to my mind, of a federated Australia is, that it must of necessity 安全な・保証する for Australia a place in the family of nations, which it never can 達成する while it is 分裂（する） up into separate 植民地s with antagonistic 法律s and with hardly anything in ありふれた.
I 悔いる to say, Mr. 大統領, that my strength is not such as will enable me to keep on my feet many minutes longer. I have submitted these 決意／決議s—perhaps it is all the better—without any 広大な／多数の／重要な 成果／努力 in their support. I 信用 I have 示すd with a clearness 十分な what the 広大な／多数の／重要な 反対する we 目的（とする） at must be, and the means by which alone we can hope to 遂行する it. I do not 疑問 that the gentlemen 現在の will each of them 演説（する）／住所 themselves to the 支配する, which, I think, the 決意／決議s have the 長所 of 公正に／かなり 開始する，打ち上げるing, in a spirit of patriotism, always keeping in 見解（をとる） the 福利事業, the 繁栄, the 部隊d strength, and the ultimate glory of our ありふれた country.
March 13th. I am aware that outside these 塀で囲むs, at any 率, there is a feeling that we せねばならない wait; that the time has not yet come. I can only repeat what I have said in other places. If we 行方不明になる this particular 適切な時期, every year that rolls over us will make the difficulties greater; these difficulties which our separate 存在 have 課すd will go on 増加するing. They can only have one 刈る of fruit; they can only produce 反感, disunion, 侵略, 報復, wide-spread discontent, and, if they are 苦しむd to go on, civil war. That is a prospect which no man of just mind can 熟視する／熟考する—that these 植民地s, sprung from the same 在庫／株, 所有するing the same 広大な／多数の／重要な 相続物件 of equal 法律s and all the riches of science which have been 達成するd and 蓄える／店d up for us in the mother country—that we, 味方する by 味方する, instead of living in brotherhood and 友好, should live in constant irritation and 敵意. Either we must join 手渡すs, or we must 持つ／拘留する out our 手渡すs in 反抗 of each other. In the very nature of things we cannot be divided and be one. In the very nature of things we cannot 服従させる／提出する to 原因（となる）s of irritation, 原因（となる）s of infliction, 原因（となる）s of 不満, 原因（となる）s of exasperation, and still live in brotherhood. It is only by joining 手渡すs in good 約束 as the people of one kindred; it is only by giving and taking—by entertaining 妥協 as far as 妥協 can be entertained without deadly 傷害 to 原則—it is only by doing that, we can hope to 設立する this union. If we unfortunately 行方不明になる this 広大な／多数の／重要な occasion, and leave the work undone, it will be done in a few years hence, and it will be done by younger 手渡すs, who will 伸び（る） the credit of having 影響d this 社債 of union, which will be in itself, if rightly 影響d, of more value than any other 業績／成就 in the history of this continent.
This is no time for glowing periods; it is no time for rhetorical flights; but it is a time for hard and 安定した work in trying to do what we are called here to do, and I would ask the honourable members to do their 最大の by a 静める self-鎮圧, by a の近くに attention to the 反対する which has brought us here, by 相互の 尊敬（する）・点, 相互の forbearance, and disposition to 妥協 where 妥協 is possible, to 補助装置 each other in bringing about this 広大な／多数の／重要な work; and I would say that if we do 掴む the occasion and 後継する in doing the work, we shall have, not now so vividly as hereafter, the blessing of this and 後継するing 世代s in what we have 遂行するd.
Source.—The Melbourne Argus, 10 May 1901
OPENING OF THE FIRST PARLIAMENT
Ten years after the 広大な／多数の／重要な 会議／協議会 of 1891, the work of Sir Henry Parkes and his fellow federationists reached its culmination. The first truly Australian 議会 was opened by the Duke of Cornwall and York (King George V).
By the 手渡す of 王族, in the presence of the greatest concourse of people that Australia has seen in one building, and with splendid pomp and 儀式の, the 法律を制定する 機械／機構 of the 連邦／共和国 was yesterday 始める，決める in 動議. The day was 十分な of smiles and 涙／ほころびs, the smiles predominating. Rising gloomily, the 分散させるing clouds 許すd the 有望な sun to peep through, and when the 広大な／多数の／重要な 儀式 was in 進歩 in the 展示-building, the atmosphere was radiant, and illuminated the 広大な spaces of the building and the 広大な／多数の／重要な sea of 直面するs with a 有望な Australian glow.
A sight never to be forgotten was the assemblage which, in perfect order, but with exalted feeling, を待つd the arrival of the Duke and Duchess in the 広大な／多数の／重要な avenues which 支店 out from beneath the 広大な ドーム of the 展示-building. We have not in Australia any sense of the historical prestige which 大（公）使館員s itself to a 王室の 開始 of the British 議会. There the stately 機能（する）／行事 is magnificent in its setting and 妊娠している in its 協会s, but it is in scarcely any sense of the word a people's 機能（する）／行事.
Here, by a happy inspiration, the 機能（する）／行事 was made, to the fullest extent, a popular one. Twelve thousand seated in a 広大な amphitheatre—解放する／自由な people, 希望に満ちた people, 勇敢な people—ゆだねるd with the working out of their own 運命, and rejoicing in their liberty, must be impressive by 推論する／理由 of their numbers alone.
But there was not wanting splendour of 従犯者s. The mighty arches of the ドーム, the spread of the 広大な／多数の／重要な transepts, the grace of the decorations, were in themselves 奮起させるing; nor was even the sombre shade of the 嘆く／悼むing dressing, 軟化するd by splashes of purple here and there, out of keeping with the event, typifying, as it did, our reverential regard for the memory of a 広大な／多数の／重要な 憲法の 支配者, the mightiest 君主 of the people the world has known.
概して speaking, what was 代表するd in the noble assemblage was 価値（がある）. The worthiest of Australia were there—the men who 持つ／拘留する their distinguished positions because they have won them, and because they deserve them. All that is best in politics, in 商業, in 産業, in the arts, in the Church, in the school, in the public service of Australia was 代表するd there, and every heart （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域 high with pride and with hope.
Faint and far off, just about noon there （機の）カム the sound of the 国家の 国家, and there was a multitudinous murmur and 動かす, for here was the actual event coming at last. Then 近づく at 手渡す （機の）カム the blare of a trumpet 先触れ（する）ing the approach of the 皇室の （外交）使節／代表s, and a moment or two after, with 王室の punctuality, the Duke and Duchess were on the 演壇, and the 緊張するs of the 国家の 国家 （機の）カム pealing through the building.
The 宗教的な feelings of the occasion were stirred by the singing of the grand "Old Hundredth" to the words of the metrical psalm, 開始するing "All people that on earth do dwell." This was taken up by thousands of the audience, and its swelling harmonies rose grandly to the ドーム. Lord Hopetoun, setting aside all 複雑にするd questions of 宗教的な 優先, himself read several 祈りs, in his （疑いを）晴らす, 侵入するing 発言する／表明する, so pleasantly familiar in Victoria.
When the Duke stepped 今後 to 配達する his speech to the two Houses, a "Hush" ran 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the 議会, and everyone listened intently, but the sound of the ever-moving feet on the boarded 床に打ち倒すs went on. His 王室の Highness spoke deliberately, in a （疑いを）晴らす, strong 発言する／表明する, and the speech he read was distinctly heard by thousands of those 現在の. It was a dignified, a graceful, a kindly, and a 祝賀の speech, and it 表明するd a 確信して belief that the new 力／強力にするs 認めるd to Australia will only 強化する the affection of the people for the 王位 and empire.
At the final words, "I now 宣言する the 議会 of the 連邦／共和国 of Australia open," the Duchess touched an electric button which gave the signal outside for the hoisting of the Union Jack on all the 明言する／公表する schools of the 植民地, and for the sending of a message to England 宣言するing the 反対する of the 旅行 of the 王室の （外交）使節／代表s 遂行するd. Trumpets rang out the signal, and outside was heard the にわか景気ing of 大砲 in 王室の salute.
After a 簡潔な／要約する pause the Duke of Cornwall and York stepped 今後 once more and read a special cable message of congratulation from His Majesty the King. And now Australia 主張するd herself. She had been 抑えるing her feelings to show that she knew how to behave with old-world decorum in the presence of 王族, but this message, direct from the King himself, was too much—they 簡単に had to 元気づける. And 元気づける they did. It was done without order or without concert. It was taken up time after time by sections of the audience; it ran 一連の会議、交渉／完成する the aisles, and 殺到するd through the galleries; a hearty, spontaneous, irrepressible Australian 元気づける. It was not 負かす／撃墜する in the programme, but it formed a most 効果的な part of it.
The final part of the 儀式, which altogether 占領するd about three-４半期/4分の1s of an hour, was the 断言するing-in of members by the 知事-General. He stood on the 演壇 and read out the 誓い, whilst the members, Bible in 手渡す, followed him in sections. Then Lord Hopetoun stepped to the 前線 of the 演壇, and directing the audience by the waving of his hat, called for three 元気づけるs for His 王室の Highness the Duke, which were given with splendid heartiness, and followed by another 一連の会議、交渉／完成する for the Duchess, after which the Duke and Duchess retired and the 広大な／多数の／重要な 儀式 was over.
TELEGRAM FROM THE KING
His 王室の Highness read the に引き続いて 電報電信 from His Majesty the King:
"My thoughts are with you on the day of the important 儀式. Most fervently do I wish Australia 繁栄 and 広大な／多数の／重要な happiness."
REPLY TO THE KING
The に引き続いて 電報電信 was despatched by His 王室の Highness the Duke of Cornwall and York to His Majesty the King すぐに after the 開会式:
"I have just 配達するd your message, and, in your 指名する, 宣言するd open the first 議会 of the 連邦／共和国 of Australia. I also read your 肉親，親類d 電報電信 of good wishes, which is 深く，強烈に 高く評価する／（相場などが）上がるd by your loving Australian 支配するs, and was received with 広大な／多数の／重要な enthusiasm. Splendid and impressive 儀式, over 12,000 people in 展示-building."
MESSAGE FROM THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT
When the newly-elected 大統領 of the 連邦の 上院 and （衆議院の）議長 of the 衆議院 were 現在のd to His Excellency the 知事-General at the Old 財務省 buildings yesterday afternoon, Lord Hopetoun intimated to them and to the members of the 連邦／共和国 立法機関 who were 現在の that he had received the subjoined message from the 国務長官 for the 植民地s:
"His Majesty's 政府 welcomes the new 議会 that to-day takes its place の中で the 広大な／多数の／重要な 法律を制定する 団体／死体s of the British Empire and they feel 確信して that it will be a faithful interpreter of the aspirations of a 解放する／自由な and loyal people, and they 信用 that its 審議s will 促進する the happiness, 繁栄, and まとまり of the whole continent of Australia."
The message was subsequently read in both Houses of the 連邦の 議会, and received with 元気づけるs.
Source.—The Times History of the War in South Africa, 1899-1902, Vol. III, pp. 30-31, 34-35; Vol. IV, p. 428
The 衝突／不一致 of 利益／興味s in South Africa between 植民／開拓者s of Dutch and of British origin gave rise to much ill-feeling, and in 1899 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain decided to 別館 the South African 植民地s ーするために 保護する the 利益／興味s of her 支配するs. In the 続いて起こるing struggle the 植民地s 自由に 申し込む／申し出d support, both moral and physical.
Of all the 植民地s the Australian ones were the most 直接／まっすぐに 利益／興味d in the South African 論争. In 見解（をとる） of the 広大な and 増加するing 貿易（する） between Australia and the mother-country, the safety of the Cape 大勝する must always be a question of the very highest importance in the 注目する，もくろむs of Australian statesmen. And apart from such considerations of 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 self-利益／興味, Australians had strong personal feelings over the 問題／発行する between Kruger and the Uitlanders. Australian 鉱夫s formed no small section of the 全住民 of the ランド. Australians were under no illusions as to the idyllic character of the 小作農民-owners of the Transvaal. As soon as the 危機 became 激烈な／緊急の, public 会合s were held all over the Australian 植民地s to 表明する sympathy with the Uitlanders and to support the 態度 of the 皇室の 政府. The question of sending Australian 次第で変わる／派遣部隊s to join the 皇室の 軍隊s in the event of a war was discussed at an 早期に 行う／開催する／段階. The idea of active 参加 in the wars of the Empire was not altogether a new one. As far 支援する as 1867 Tasmania had sent a 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 to 補助装置 the 皇室の 軍隊s in the Maori war. More recently a 団体／死体 of New South むちの跡s 軍隊／機動隊s took part in the Sudan （選挙などの）運動をする of 1885. A little active service and much tedious waiting at Suakim was all they saw, and one might have imagined that in Australia the result had been to damp any inclination to repeat the 業績／成果. But the 部分的な／不平等な 失望 of 1885 made the Australians all the more eager to try again.
Between October 28 and November 5 the first Australian 次第で変わる／派遣部隊s sailed まっただ中に the most enthusiastic popular demonstrations. They were officered and 乗組員を乗せた almost 完全に by members of the さまざまな 植民地の volunteer 軍隊s, and thus 所有するd the advantage of a 確かな 量 of 初期の training which was 運命にあるd to stand them in good stead in the field. It should never be forgotten that their success was おもに 予定 to the 執拗な 成果／努力 of those officers, whether 皇室の or 植民地の, who during the past twenty years had given their services to the 開発 and organization of the 植民地の 軍隊s. It was the 存在 of these 軍隊s that kept up the 軍の spirit in the 植民地s.
Small as was the 軍隊 与える／捧げるd by the Empire (nearly 80,000 men) it was 非，不，無 the いっそう少なく a 構成要素 援助, whose value can hardly be overrated. It 事実上 二塁打d the 機動力のある 軍隊, and thus made possible those 広範囲にわたる movements by which Lord Roberts reached Pretoria. Above all, it gave the 皇室の 政府 a moral support which enabled it to 直面する with equanimity the almost 全世界の／万国共通の 敵意 of the European 力／強力にするs or the fanatical 激しい抗議s of a few anti-帝国主義の 同志／支持者s at home. Never, probably, in modern times has there been a greater 合意 of honest opinion in support of a 広大な／多数の／重要な 国家の movement than that which 支援するd up Britain's 成果／努力 to 持続する her position in South Africa. It was 簡単に that the 解放する／自由な 国民s of 解放する／自由な countries asked to be 許すd to 投機・賭ける their lives for the sake of a political ideal which was 本人自身で and intimately dear to each one of them, and that, in spite of the paralysing absence of either precedent or 準備, many thousands 現実に 達成するd their 願望（する）. The war has not shown what the Empire can do, but it has 明らかにする／漏らすd to those who perhaps 疑問d before, what an Empire we can make if we but choose.
ELANDS RIVER
Amongst 変化させるing fortunes and many indecisive 活動／戦闘s, the defence of the position at Elands River stands out as an 業績／成就 only made possible by courage and grim 決意.
For several weeks 陸軍大佐 Hore, with a small 守備隊 at Brakfontein on the Elands River, had been keeping up the 関係 between Mafeking and Zeerust, policing the 地区 and 今後ing on 軍用車隊s to Rustenburg. At the beginning of August the 軍隊 which he had for this 目的, 同様に as to guard a large 蓄える／店 of 供給（する）s, consisted of 500 men, nearly all 皇室の bushmen or Rhodesians, an old muzzle-負担ing seven-pounder, and two maxims. By this time Lord Roberts had 決定するd that several 孤立するd 地位，任命するs in the Western Transvaal, such as this one, which were in constant danger of attack, must be 避難させるd, and on August 1 ordered General Carrington to march to Elands River to cover Hore's 退職. But De la Rey, with three detachments of his 軍隊／機動隊s under himself, Lemmer, and Steenekemp, each numbering about 300 men, and each with a gun and a pom-pom, and a maxim, had arrived there before him, and on the morning of August 4 had 誘発するd Hore's （軍の）野営地，陣営 by 爆撃する and ライフル銃／探して盗む 解雇する／砲火／射撃 from the north-west, east, and south-east. The （軍の）野営地，陣営 was on a small 玉石-strewn kopje, in the centre of an amphitheatre about five acres in extent, and half a mile east of the river. Most of the men were on this central kopje, but two small hills on the bank of the river were held by detachments under Captain Butters and 中尉／大尉／警部補 Zouch. Luckily, an attack had been 推定する／予想するd, and 石／投石する sangars and 避難所s of ox-wagons had been made and その上の 保護するd by 薄焼きパン／素焼陶器 boxes and 捕らえる、獲得するs of flour and sugar from the 蓄える／店s the men were guarding. にもかかわらず the Boer attack seemed to have every chance in its favour; their guns were in 安全な positions 2,400 yards from the （軍の）野営地，陣営, and along the river banks they could creep の近くに up to the defenders. Hore's old seven-pounder, though it 後継するd in silencing a Boer gun, and killed a German gunner, was very capricious in its working, and was 明白に no match for the Boer guns. The thousands of horses and oxen which were in the （軍の）野営地，陣営 under no sort of cover were nearly all killed on the first day by the Boer 爆撃するs; and the stench arising from these dead animals in the 狭くする （軍の）野営地，陣営 makes it almost marvellous that the men who escaped the Boer 爆撃するs were not killed by pestilence. Moreover, the only chance of getting water was to take the water carts 負かす／撃墜する to the river at night, and then the drivers and 護衛する were not always 安全な. To make 事柄s worse, on the second day of the 包囲 Carrington's 前進する scouts, after appearing on the rise to the west, were soon seen retiring again, so that 救助（する） from this 味方する seemed now out of the question. When starting, Carrington did not know that Hore was 投資するd, so he carried very few rations. He no 疑問 had a small 軍隊 with him and was 不正に off for 供給（する）s; but he had 伸び（る）d a 山の尾根 from which he 命令（する）d the way to Elands River, and under the circumstances of Hore's 圧力（をかける）ing danger he was too quickly discouraged from a more 決定するd 成果／努力 to bring out the 守備隊. From the east another 試みる／企てる was made to relieve Hore which 証明するd 平等に abortive.
On August 5 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing had been heard in the direction of Elands River, so next day Baden-Powell marched with his own and Mahon's 機動力のある 軍隊／機動隊s about half-way to Brakfontein. Here he heard guns 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing in a westerly direction, but as the sound seemed to grow fainter and fainter, he assumed, without, however, waiting for the 報告（する）／憶測s of his scouts, that Carrington had 後継するd in 身を引くing Hore に向かって Mafeking.
After Carrington's 退却／保養地 to Zeerust on August 5 and Baden-Powell's to Rustenburg on the 6th, Lord Roberts had given up all hope of saving this 守備隊. But on the 13th a 走者 from 陸軍大佐 Hore had arrived at Crocodile Pools, 発表するing that he had not 降伏するd. On 審理，公聴会 this the Field 保安官 ordered Kitchener to take part of his 軍隊 to relieve him. Kitchener started on the 16th. from Quaggafontein with Little's, Broadwood's, and Smith-Dorrien's 旅団s. After Carrington had come up and gone away again on August 5, the 守備隊, though 明らかに left to their 運命／宿命, would hear nothing of 降伏する, but made up their minds to fight as long as they had 弾薬／武器 and strength to use it. Luckily they were 井戸／弁護士席 供給するd with food, and the Boers, as usual in their 包囲s, were content to sit 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 解雇する／砲火／射撃 at them without 本気で 試みる／企てるing to 急ぐ the place as they should have done. The 守備隊 also kept up their spirits by sudden （警察の）手入れ，急襲s at night on adventurous Boers or guns that （機の）カム too 近づく. Thus, as at Wepener, it became a game of patience for the 守備隊, dissimilar only in this, that at Elands River there was no 約束 of support to ブイ，浮標 up the 守備隊 with hope.
However, on August 16, after eleven days' 包囲, De la Rey moved away on the news of the approaching 救済 columns, and Lord Kitchener 棒 in to 始める，決める 解放する／自由な the 守備隊.
This 包囲, like that of Wepener, was 特に a 植民地の 勝利; there the 守備隊 had been 主として Cape 植民地のs, here the 大多数 were Australians of Carrington's first 旅団, the 残り／休憩（する） 存在 Rhodesians, and it would be difficult to 賞賛する overmuch the 決意 and 罰金 spirit shown by these 植民地のs in their first 適切な時期 of distinguishing themselves as a 軍団. Every 兵士 who saw the place afterwards 表明するd surprise that they could have held out so long, and it is therefore the more creditable to them to have done so when every hope of 救済 seemed 完全に 削減（する） off; while, at a time when 降伏するs and 退却／保養地s were not 十分に rare, the example shown by these splendid men was even more important than the position they held.
Source.—The Times History of the War and Encyclopaedia, Vol. I, p. 161; Vol. II, p. 31; Vol. III, p. 126
The 積極的な 政策 of Germany led to the 突発／発生 in 1914 of the greatest war in history; for nearly every country in the world 最終的に became 伴う／関わるd in the struggle.
Germany advised Austria to 需要・要求する most humiliating 譲歩s from Servia, and the 抵抗 of Servia supported by Russia resulted in war between Germany and Austria on one 味方する, and Servia, Russia, and her 同盟（する） フラン on the other.
For strategical 推論する／理由s Germany 決定するd to attack フラン through Belgium, 宣言するing that the international 条約 which bound her to 尊敬（する）・点 ベルギー 中立 was but a "捨てる of Paper." 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain, as one of the 加盟国s to the 条約, 抗議するd against such a 違反 of good 約束, but finding protestation vain 宣言するd war upon Germany on 4 August 1914.
The whole Empire solidly supported the Mother Country and 株d valiantly in all her 業績／成就s.
THE RALLY OF THE EMPIRE
Important as were the 申し込む／申し出s of help, both of men and 準備／条項s, which the self-治める／統治するing Dominions and the Indian Empire made to the Mother Country almost すぐに after the 突発／発生 of the war, the knowledge that these 広大な／多数の／重要な daughter-nations were morally 納得させるd of the 司法（官） of the British 原因（となる）, was a factor of even more far-reaching importance. 広大な／多数の／重要な as was the necessity of 組織するing and 拡大するing the 皇室の 軍隊s, and thus creating an extra army or armies to 増強する the British Expeditionary 軍隊 in フラン, 緊急の as was the need of taking advantage of the 誘発する 申し込む／申し出s of help which （機の）カム from all parts of the Empire, the necessity of 納得させるing the self-治める／統治するing Dominions and the Empire 捕まらないで of the righteousness of the 原因（となる） for which 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain was fighting was more imperative still. For in the long run the consciousness of the 司法（官） of the 原則s for which a people is fighting, alone can 確実にする the 集まりing of 構成要素 軍隊 十分な to 安全な・保証する 構成要素 victory.
証拠 that the 事例／患者 for 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain was fully understood and 完全に 認可するd, not only by our own peoples, but by the 本体，大部分／ばら積みの of the 中立の 明言する／公表するs of the world, was not long in 現在のing itself. The Dominions as a whole had 満足させるd themselves that the British 原因（となる） was just, before Sir Edward Grey had made it plain by his speech of August 3rd that the British 政府 had done everything short of sacrificing the honour of the country to 避ける war. In the words of Sir Richard McBride, the 首相 of British Columbia, "Should it unfortunately develop that 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain is compelled to engage in 敵意s, Canada will automatically be at war also"; while in Australia, Mr. Fisher, the ex-総理大臣, 宣言するd, "Should honour 需要・要求する the Mother Country to 参加する 敵意s, Australians will stand beside her to the last man and the last shilling." These 感情s 設立する 表現 in the 申し込む／申し出s of help of men and 構成要素, which have been 述べるd in the 先行する 一時期／支部. To those 申し込む／申し出s the King replied by a message to the Overseas Dominions:
"I 願望（する） to 表明する to my people of the Overseas Dominions with what 評価 and pride I have received the messages from their 各々の 政府s during the last few days.
"These spontaneous 保証／確信s of their fullest support 解任する to me the generous, self-sacrificing help given by them in the past to the Mother Country.
"I shall be 強化するd in the 発射する／解雇する of the 広大な／多数の／重要な 責任／義務 which 残り／休憩（する）s upon me by the 確信して belief that in this time of 裁判，公判 my Empire will stand 部隊d, 静める, resolute, 信用ing in God.
"GEORGE R.I."
THE SINKING OF THE EMDEN (German 巡洋艦)
Against us there were known to be some eight or nine German 巡洋艦s abroad, all efficient for 商業-destroying 目的s, and several with very high 速度(を上げる）, which it was 認めるd would 要求する a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of catching....
The Emden was a small 大型船 of some 3,500 トンs, with a 速度(を上げる） of about 25 knots—やめる 急速な／放蕩な enough to 精密検査する any British steamer she was likely to 遭遇（する）, and 急速な／放蕩な enough also to run away, if necessary. The Emden was 一般に heard of where she was least 推定する／予想するd, and after 得るing her 収穫 of merchantmen, as unaccountably disappeared. In something under six weeks she had 逮捕（する）d nearly twenty steamers, always contriving to 選ぶ up a collier の中で them, so that she was able to keep her （船に）燃料を積み込む／（軍）地下えんぺい壕s 補充するd....
As a variety of adventure, the Emden steamed one evening into マドラス Roads, and threw 爆撃する into the 郊外s of the town for the space of half an hour or so—some oil 戦車／タンクs were 始める，決める 燃えて, and two or three natives killed; Fort George returned the 解雇する／砲火／射撃—probably without 影響—and the Emden retired.
It may be assumed that the German captain received （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） by wireless of the probable approach of colliers or other 大型船s, as he was so very much on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す; in any 事例／患者, he was a 勇敢な and 企業ing man, and a good sportsman; but we 手配中の，お尋ね者 very 不正に to catch him. There are so many 穴を開けるs and corners in that part of the world, where a 大型船 may 嘘（をつく） for a time with little chance of （犯罪，病気などの）発見, and the Emden's 速度(を上げる） would have enabled her to reach some such 避難 very quickly.
The last 行為／法令／行動する in the 演劇 of the Emden took place off the Cocos-Keeling Islands in the Indian Ocean....
It was to this desolate 位置／汚点／見つけ出す in the Indian Ocean that Captain 出身の Muller brought his ship, in the 早期に days of November; with him was one of his 逮捕（する）s, the Buresk, which was 十分な of coal. The 反対する of this visit of the Emden was the 破壊 of the important wireless 駅／配置する that is 設立するd on the islands, and on the morning of November 9th, the 公式の／役人s were unpleasantly surprised by the 上陸 of an 武装した boat's 乗組員 from a 巡洋艦, which had come to an 錨，総合司会者, and which they first imagined to be H.M.S. Minotaur. They were quickly undeceived by the German officer in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of the party, who 知らせるd them that their 操作／手術s from the wireless 駅／配置する had 大いに 妨害するd the movements of the 巡洋艦. One detachment of the Germans then 一連の会議、交渉／完成するd up all the 公式の／役人s and their servants, placing them under a strict guard, while a second party 用意が出来ている to 爆発する the wireless 取り付け・設備 and to 粉砕する the 器具 rooms of the cable office. This they did most 完全に, but the 公式の／役人s seem to have kept their 長，率いるs in the most praiseworthy manner, as, just as soon as they discovered that the enemy was upon them, they sent out 苦しめる signals by wireless, and 警告するd 隣接する 駅／配置するs by cable that they were about to be 粉砕するd up.
The 上陸 party now blew up the wireless mast and the 蓄える／店 in which spare cable and cable gear was kept; a third 爆発 難破させるd the wireless hut, and 完全にするd the 破壊 of the 取り付け・設備. The dynamo rooms and workshops were destroyed with flogging 大打撃を与えるs and axes, everything breakable, 含むing clocks, 存在 粉砕するd to 原子s. Their next 訴訟／進行 was to 削減（する） the shore ends of the 潜水艦 cables, and this was done in 十分な 見解（をとる） of the 囚人s. There are three cables from the Cocos—to Perth, to Batavia, and to Rodriguez—and the 楽しみ of the 囚人s can be imagined when they saw the Germans spend much hard 労働 in destroying a 模造の cable. 結局 the Perth cable and the 模造の were 削減（する）, the others 存在 left, 推定では because the Germans did not know that they 存在するd.
The party from the Emden had landed at 7.30 a.m., and by 9.20 their 使節団 of 破壊 was 遂行するd. At this time a signal was blown on the サイレン／魅惑的な from the ship; the officer in 命令（する） collected his men, marched them 負かす／撃墜する to the beach, and re-乗る，着手するd. The telegraphists 報告（する）／憶測 that they were 公正に／かなり and courteously 扱う／治療するd. On arrival the Emden was still using her now famous fourth funnel, a 模造の, and this it was that 原因（となる）d the telegraphists to mistake her in the first instance for the Minotaur, which is a four-funnelled armoured 巡洋艦. As she steamed away in the 有望な light of the tropic morning for what was so すぐに to 証明する her last 巡航する, the Emden 運ぶ／漁獲高d 負かす／撃墜する, and stowed away, her 模造の.
The 活動／戦闘 that 続いて起こるd between the Sydney and the Emden is here given in the 公式の／役人 despatch of Captain Glossop, 時代遅れの from Colombo on November 15th:
I have the honour to 報告（する）／憶測 that whilst on 護衛する 義務 with the 軍用車隊 under the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of Captain Silver, H.M.A.S. Melbourne, at 6.30 a.m. on Monday, Nov. 9th, a wireless message from Cocos was heard 報告（する）／憶測ing that a foreign 軍艦 was off the 入り口. I was ordered to raise steam for 十分な 速度(を上げる） at 7.0 a.m. and proceeded thither. I worked up to twenty knots, and at 9.15 a.m. sighted land ahead and almost すぐに the smoke of a ship, which 証明するd to be the H.I.G.M.S. Emden coming out に向かって me at a 広大な／多数の／重要な 率. At 9.40 a.m. 解雇する／砲火／射撃 was opened, she 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing the first 発射. I kept my distance as much as possible to 得る the advantage of my guns. Her 解雇する／砲火／射撃 was very 正確な and 早い to begin with, but seemed to slacken very quickly, all 死傷者s occurring in this ship almost すぐに. First, the 真っ先の funnel of her went, secondly the foremast, and she was 不正に on 解雇する／砲火／射撃 aft, then the second funnel went, and lastly the third funnel, and I saw she was making for the beach on North Keeling Island, where she grounded at 11.20 a.m. I gave her two more broadsides and left her, to 追求する a merchant ship which had come up during the 活動／戦闘.
2. Although I had guns on this merchant ship at 半端物 times during the 活動／戦闘, I had not 解雇する／砲火／射撃d, and as she was making off 急速な／放蕩な, I 追求するd and overtook her at 12.10, 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing a gun across her 屈服するs and hoisting International Code Signal to stop, which she did. I sent an 武装した boat, and 設立する her to be the ss. Buresk, a 逮捕（する）d British collier, with 18 Chinese 乗組員, 1 English steward, 1 Norwegian cook, and a German prize 乗組員 of 3 officers, 1 令状 officer, and 12 men. The ship unfortunately was 沈むing, so I took all on board, 解雇する／砲火／射撃d four 爆撃するs into her, and returned to Emden, passing men swimming in the water, for whom I left two boats I was 牽引するing from Buresk.
3. On arriving again off Emden, she still had her colours up at mainmast 長，率いる. I 問い合わせd by signal, International Code, "Will you 降伏する?" and received a reply in Morse, "What signal? No signal 調書をとる／予約するs." I then made in Morse, "Do you 降伏する?" and subsequently, "Have you received my signal?" to neither of which did I get an answer. The German officers on board gave me to understand that the captain would never 降伏する, and therefore, though very reluctantly, I again 解雇する／砲火／射撃d at her at 4.30 p.m., 中止するing at 4.35, as she showed white 旗s and 運ぶ／漁獲高d 負かす／撃墜する her ensign by sending a man aloft.
4. I then left Emden and returned and 選ぶd up the Buresk's two boats, 救助（する）ing two sailors (5.0 p.m.) who had been in the water all day. I returned and sent in one boat to Emden, 乗組員を乗せた by her own prize 乗組員 from Buresk and one officer, and 明言する／公表するing I would return to their 援助 next morning.
5. I lay on and off all night, and communicated with Direction Island at 8.0 a.m., November 10th, to find that the Emden's party, consisting of three officers and forty men, one 開始する，打ち上げる and two 切断機，沿岸警備艇s, had 掴むd and 準備／条項d a 70-トン schooner (the Ayesha), having four Maxims with two belts to each. They left the previous night at six o'clock. The wireless 駅／配置する was 完全に destroyed, one cable 削減（する）, one 損失d, and one 損なわれていない. I borrowed a doctor and two assistants, and proceeded as 急速な／放蕩な as possible to Emden's 援助.
6. I sent an officer on board to see the captain, and in 見解（をとる） of the large number of 囚人s and 負傷させるd, and 欠如（する） of accommodation, etc., in this ship, and the 絶対の impossibility of leaving them there, he agreed that if I received his officers and men and all 負傷させるd, "then as for such time as they remained in Sydney they would 原因（となる） no 干渉，妨害 with ship or fittings, and would be amenable to the ship's discipline." I therefore 始める，決める to work at once to tranship them—a most difficult 操作／手術, the ship 存在 on 天候 味方する of island, and the send と一緒に very 激しい. The 条件s in the Emden were indescribable. I received the last from her at 5.0 p.m., then had to go 一連の会議、交渉／完成する to the 物陰／風下 味方する to 選ぶ up 20 more men who had managed to get 岸に from the ship.
7. 不明瞭 （機の）カム on before this could be 遂行するd, and the ship again stood off and on all night, 再開するing 操作／手術s at 5.0 a.m., on November 11th, a 切断機，沿岸警備艇's 乗組員 having to land with 担架s to bring 負傷させるd 一連の会議、交渉／完成する to 乗る，着手するing point. A German officer, a doctor, died 岸に the previous day. The ship in the 合間 ran over to Direction Island to return their doctor and assistants, send cables, and was 支援する again at 10 a.m., 乗る，着手するd the 残りの人，物 of 負傷させるd, and proceeded for Colombo by 10.35 a.m., Wednesday, November 11th.
8. Total 死傷者s in Sydney: killed, 3; 厳しく 負傷させるd (since dead), 1; 厳しく 負傷させるd, 4; 負傷させるd, 4; わずかに 負傷させるd, 4. In the Emden I can only だいたい 明言する／公表する the killed at 7 officers and 108 men from captain's 声明. I had on board 11 officers, 9 令状 officers and 191 men, of whom 3 officers and 53 men were 負傷させるd, and of this number 1 officer and 3 men have since died of 負傷させるs.
9. The 損失 to Sydney's 船体 and fittings was surprisingly small; in all about ten 攻撃する，衝突するs seem to have been made. The engine and boiler rooms and funnels escaped 完全に.
10. I have 広大な／多数の／重要な 楽しみ in 明言する／公表するing that the behaviour of the ship's company was excellent in every way, and with such a large number of young 手渡すs and people under training it is all the more gratifying.
It will be seen from Captain Glossop's despatch that he was on 護衛する 義務 with the 軍用車隊 under the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of Captain Silver of H.M.A.S. Melbourne. This 軍用車隊 was carrying Australian and New Zealand 軍隊／機動隊s to the scene of the 広大な／多数の／重要な 衝突 in Europe. The 行為／法令／行動する of self-否定 on the part of Captain Silver in sending the Sydney to engage the Emden, instead of taking that 義務 upon himself, certainly deserves to be 公式文書，認めるd. This officer 否定するd to himself and to the officers and men under his 命令（する）, the 特権 of 取引，協定ing with the 悪名高い raider, and in so doing he was actuated 単独で by his high sense of 義務 and the 責任／義務 that he 借りがあるd to his country. In his judgment the Sydney was the more suitable ship, so she was sent, and the Melbourne remained with her 軍用車隊 until the 事件／事情／状勢 was 結論するd.
Source.—派遣（する） from a special 特派員 at the Dardanelles printed in The Times, 7 May 1915
Soon after the 開始／学位授与式 of the war Turkey joined the Central 力／強力にするs, and その結果 the Australian 皇室の 軍隊s, having experienced a rigorous training in Egypt, were used to 補助装置 the 海軍 and other 連合した 軍隊／機動隊s in an 試みる／企てる to 軍隊 the Dardanelles.
VIEWED FROM A BATTLESHIP
Slowly through the night of April 24th our 騎兵大隊, which was to land the covering 軍隊s of the Australian 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 just north of Gaba Tepe, steamed に向かって its 目的地....
At 1 a.m. the ships arrived off their 任命するd rendezvous, five miles from the 上陸-place, and stopped. The 兵士s were 誘発するd from their slumbers, and were served with a last hot meal. A visit to the mess decks showed these Australians, the 大多数 of whom were about to go into 活動／戦闘 for the first time under the most trying circumstances, 所有するd at 1 o'clock in the morning courage to be cheerful, 静かな, and 確信して....
At 1.20 a.m. the signal was given from the 旗艦 to lower the boats, which had been left swinging from the davits throughout the night. Our steam pinnaces were also lowered to take them in 牽引する....
On the ４半期/4分の1-deck, 支援するd by the 広大な／多数の／重要な 12 in. guns, this splendid 団体／死体 of 植民地の 軍隊／機動隊s were drawn up in serried 階級s, fully equipped, and receiving their last 指示／教授／教育s from their officers, who, six months ago, like their men, were 主要な a 平和的な 非軍事の life in Australia and New Zealand, 5,000 miles away....
At 2.5 a.m. the signal was given for the 軍隊／機動隊s to 乗る，着手する in the boats which were lying と一緒に, and this was carried out with 広大な／多数の／重要な rapidity, in 絶対の silence, and without a hitch or an 事故 of any 肉親，親類d....
The whole 操作／手術 had been timed to 許す the pinnaces and boats to reach the beach just before daylight, so that the Turks, if they had been forewarned, would not be able to see to 解雇する／砲火／射撃 before the Australians had 得るd a 会社／堅い 地盤 and, it was hoped, good cover on the foreshore....
At 4.53 a.m. there suddenly （機の）カム a very sharp burst of ライフル銃／探して盗む 解雇する／砲火／射撃 from the beach, and we knew our men were at last at 支配するs with the enemy. This 解雇する／砲火／射撃 lasted only for a few minutes, and then was 溺死するd by a faint British 元気づける wafted to us over the waters....
The first authentic news we received （機の）カム with the return of our boats. A steam pinnace （機の）カム と一緒に with two recumbent forms on her deck and a small 人物／姿／数字, pale, but cheerful, and waving his 手渡す astern. They were one of our midshipmen, just sixteen years of age, 発射 through the stomach, but regarding his 傷害 more as a fitting consummation to a glorious holiday 岸に than a 負傷させる; and a 長，指導者 stoker, and petty officer, all three 負傷させるd by that first burst of musketry, which 原因（となる）d many 死傷者s in the boats just as they reached the beach.
From them we learned what had happened in those first wild moments. All the 牽引するs had almost reached the beach, when a party of Turks, 堅固に守るd almost on the shore, opened up a terrible fusillade from ライフル銃／探して盗むs and also from a Maxim. Fortunately most of the 弾丸s went high, but, にもかかわらず, many men were 攻撃する，衝突する as they sat 密談する／（身体を）寄せ集めるd together forty or fifty in a boat.
It was a trying moment, but the Australian volunteers rose as a man to the occasion. They waited neither for orders, nor for the boats to reach the beach, but, springing out into the sea, they waded 岸に, and, forming some sort of a rough line, 急ぐd straight on the flashes of the enemy's ライフル銃／探して盗むs. Their magazines were not 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d, so they just went in with 冷淡な steel, and I believe I am 権利 in 説 that the first Ottoman Turk since the last Crusade received an Anglo-Saxon bayonet in him at 5 minutes after 5 a.m. on April 25th. It was over in a minute. The Turks in this first ざん壕 were bayoneted or ran away, and a Maxim gun was 逮捕（する）d.
Then the Australians 設立する themselves 直面するing an almost perpendicular cliff of loose sandstone, covered with 厚い shrubbery, and somewhere half-way up the enemy had a second ざん壕 堅固に held, from which they 注ぐd a terrible 解雇する／砲火／射撃 on the 軍隊／機動隊s below, and the boats pulling 支援する to the 破壊者s for the second 上陸 party.
Here was a 堅い proposition to 取り組む in the 不明瞭, but these 植民地のs are practical above all else, and they went about it in a practical way. They stopped a few moments to pull themselves together, and to get rid of their packs which no 軍隊／機動隊s could carry in an attack, and then 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d their magazines. Then this race of 競技者s proceeded to 規模 the cliffs without 答える／応じるing to the enemy's 解雇する／砲火／射撃. They lost some men but did not worry, and in いっそう少なく than a ４半期/4分の1 of an hour the Turks were out of their second position, either bayoneted or in 十分な flight.
This 山の尾根 under which the 上陸 was made, stretches 予定 north from Gaba Tepe, and 最高潮に達するs in the 高さ of Coja Chemen, which rises 950 feet above the sea level. The whole forms part of a 混乱させるd triangle of hills, valleys, 山の尾根s, and bluffs which stretches 権利 across the Gallipoli 半島 to the Bay of Bassi Liman, above the 狭くするs. The triangle is 削減（する） in two by the valley through which flows the stream known as Bokali Deresi....
In the 早期に part of the day very 激しい 死傷者s were 苦しむd in the boats which 伝えるd the 軍隊／機動隊s from the 破壊者s, 強く引っ張るs, and 輸送（する）s to the beach. As soon as it became light, the enemy's sharpshooters, hidden everywhere, 簡単に concentrated their 解雇する／砲火／射撃 on the boats....
Throughout the whole of April 25th the 上陸 of 軍隊／機動隊s, 蓄える／店s, and 軍需品s had to be carried out under these 条件s, but the gallant sailors never failed their 平等に gallant comrades 岸に. Every one, from the youngest midshipman straight from Dartmouth and under 解雇する／砲火／射撃 for the first time, to the 上級の officers in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金, did their 義務 nobly....
When the sun was fully risen and the 煙霧 had disappeared, we could see that the Australians had 現実に 設立するd themselves on the 最高の，を越す of the 山の尾根, and were evidently trying to work their way northwards along it....
The fighting was so 混乱させるd, and took place amongst such broken ground that it is 極端に difficult to follow 正確に／まさに what did happen throughout the morning and afternoon of April the 25th. The 役割 割り当てるd to the covering 軍隊 was splendidly carried out up to a 確かな point, and a 会社／堅い 地盤 was 得るd on the crest of the 山の尾根 which 許すd the disembarkation of the 残りの人，物 of the 軍隊 to go on uninterruptedly except for the never-中止するing sniping.
But then the Australians, whose 血 was up, instead of 堅固に守るing themselves and waiting 開発s, 押し進めるd northward and eastward inland, in search of fresh enemies to 取り組む with the bayonet. The ground is so broken and ill-defined that it was very difficult to select a position to 堅固に守る, 特に as after the 軍隊／機動隊s imagined they had （疑いを）晴らすd a section, they were continually 存在 sniped from all 味方するs. Therefore they preferred to continue the 前進する.... The Turks only had a comparatively weak 軍隊 現実に 持つ／拘留するing the beach, and they seemed to have relied on the difficult nature of the ground, and their scattered 狙撃者s, to 延期する the 前進する until they could bring up 増強s from the 内部の.
Some of the Australians who had 押し進めるd inland were 反対する-attacked and almost outflanked by these oncoming reserves, and had to 落ちる 支援する after 苦しむing very 激しい 死傷者s.
It was then the turn of the Turks to 反対する-attack, and this they continued to do throughout the afternoon, but the Australians never 産する／生じるd a foot of ground on the main 山の尾根, and 増強s were continually 注ぐd up from the beach as fresh 軍隊／機動隊s were disembarked from the 輸送（する）s. The enemy's 大砲 解雇する／砲火／射撃, however, 現在のd a very difficult problem. As soon as the light became good, the Turks enfiladed the beach with two field guns from Gaba Tepe, and with two others from the north.... In vain did the 軍艦s endeavour to put them out of 活動／戦闘 with their 第２位 軍備. For some hours they could not be 正確に 位置を示すd, or else were so 井戸／弁護士席 保護するd that our 爆撃するs failed to do them any 害（を与える）....
Later in the day the two guns to the north were silenced ... and a 巡洋艦 moving in の近くに to the shore, so plastered Gaba Tepe with a あられ／賞賛する of 爆撃する that the guns there were also silenced and have not 試みる／企てるd to reply since.
As the enemy brought up 増強s, に向かって dusk his attacks became more and more vigorous, and he was supported by a powerful 大砲 inland, which the ships' guns were 権力のない to を取り引きする. The 圧力 on the Australians and New Zealanders became heavier, and the line they were 占領するing had to be 契約d for the night. General Birdwood and his staff went 岸に in the afternoon, and 充てるd all their energies to 安全な・保証するing the position, so as to 持つ／拘留する 堅固に to it until the に引き続いて morning, when it was hoped to get some field guns in position to を取り引きする the enemy's 大砲.
Some idea of the difficulty to be 直面するd may be gathered when it is remembered that every 一連の会議、交渉／完成する of 弾薬／武器, all water, and all 供給（する）s had to be landed on a 狭くする beach and then carried up pathless hills, valleys, and bluffs, several hundred feet high, to the 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing line. The whole of this 集まり of 軍隊／機動隊s, concentrated on a very small area, and unable to reply, were exposed to a relentless and incessant shrapnel 解雇する／砲火／射撃, which swept every yard of the ground, although, fortunately, a 広大な／多数の／重要な 取引，協定 of it was 不正に 目的（とする）d or burst too high. The reserves were engaged in road-making and carrying 供給（する）s to the crest, and in answering the calls for more 弾薬／武器.
A serious problem was getting away the 負傷させるd from the shore, where it was impossible to keep them. All those who were unable to hobble to the beach had to be carried 負かす／撃墜する to the hills on 担架s, then あわてて dressed and carried to the boats. The boat and beach parties never stopped working throughout the entire day and night.
The courage 陳列する，発揮するd by these 負傷させるd Australians will never be forgotten. あわてて dressed and placed in トロール船s, はしけs, and ships' boats they were 牽引するd to the ships.... I have, in fact, never seen the like of those 負傷させるd Australians in war before, for as they were 牽引するd amongst the ships, whilst accommodation was 存在 設立する for them, although many were 発射 to bits, and without hope of 回復, their 元気づけるs resounded through the night, and you could just see, まっただ中に a 集まり of 苦しむing humanity, 武器 存在 waved in 迎える／歓迎するing to the 乗組員s of the 軍艦s. They were happy because they had been tried for the first time in the war and had not been 設立する wanting. They had been told to 占領する the 高さs and 持つ／拘留する on, and this they had done for fifteen mortal hours, under an incessant 爆撃する 解雇する／砲火／射撃, without the moral and 構成要素 support of a 選び出す／独身 gun 岸に, and 支配するd the whole time to the violent 反対する-attacks of a 勇敢に立ち向かう enemy, led by 技術d leaders, whilst his 狙撃者s, hidden in 洞穴s and thickets and amongst the dense scrub, made a 審議する／熟考する practice of 選ぶing off every officer who endeavoured to give a word of 命令（する） or lead his men 今後.
No finer feat of 武器 has been 成し遂げるd during the war than this sudden 上陸 in the dark, the 嵐／襲撃するing of the 高さs, and above all, the 持つ／拘留するing on to the position thus won whilst 増強s were 存在 注ぐd from the 輸送（する）s. These raw 植民地の 軍隊／機動隊s in those desperate hours 証明するd themselves worthy to fight 味方する by 味方する with the heroes of Mons and the Aisne, Ypres, and Neuve Chapelle.
By 上院議員 Pearce (大臣 of 明言する／公表する for Defence)
Source.—The Melbourne Argus, 25 April 1916
In an army a knowledge of its past 業績／成就s is a mighty factor in its 未来 success. Before this war Australia had 事実上 no army traditions, and it is to the meaning of the Gallipoli （選挙などの）運動をする in this 関係 that I would direct attention to-day, twelve months after the historic 上陸.
To the peoples of Europe the thought of war was ever 現在の in the popular mind; but to the Australian, born and bred in an atmosphere untainted by war, living まっただ中に 平和的な surroundings and desirous of remaining on 条件 of friendship with the 残り／休憩（する） of mankind the word itself has a jarring sound. Yet the German challenge to the Mother Country finds 233,720 of her Australian sons who have 任意に wrenched themselves from their parents, wives, and friends, and from comfortable and cheerful homes, to answer the call of their country to fight the Empire's 戦う／戦いs on distant shores.
Nor has the 雷鳴 of the 大砲 been necessary to 奮起させる Australians with a conception of their 義務; and the explanation of it all is that we have 相続するd to the 十分な that spirit of our forebears which enabled them, not so long ago, to 涙／ほころび themselves from 母国 firesides to 形態／調整 careers in this 広大な／多数の／重要な island continent, and to 打ち勝つ with indomitable pluck the awful hardships of a 開拓するing life.
For 世代s to come the story of the 入ること／参加（者） of the Australian 軍隊／機動隊s to the European 戦場 will （犯罪の）一味 in the ears of English-speaking nations. The chronicler of the 未来 will 供給する many thrilling pages of history, magnificent 構成要素 for the moulding of the youthful Australian character.
A distinguished 軍の officer told us before the war that Australians would 要求する to be in the 大多数 of two to one in 会合 a foreign 敵 on our own shores; but the furious 猛攻撃 that …を伴ってd the 上陸 at Gallipoli, the bitter fighting and terrible 裁判，公判s of the 占領／職業, and the wonderful 技術 that made possible the 無血の 避難／引き上げ have shown us that the Australians carried out a feat of 武器 not excelled by the most 高度に-trained 正規の／正選手s of any nation of the world. The に引き続いて messages are eloquent in their 尊敬の印 to Australian bravery:
"I heartily congratulate you upon the splendid 行為／行う and bravery 陳列する，発揮するd by the Australian 軍隊／機動隊s in the 操作／手術s at the Dardanelles, who have indeed 証明するd themselves worthy sons of the Empire."—His Majesty the King, April 1915.
"The 逮捕（する） of the positions we 持つ／拘留する will go 負かす／撃墜する to history as a magnificent feat of the Australians and New Zealanders."—General Sir William Birdwood, November 1915.
"Happen what may, the Australians who have fought at Gallipoli will bequeath a 遺産 of honour to their children's children."—General Sir Ian Hamilton, November 1915.
These are examples of the 賞賛する which that feat of 武器 has won, and such is the standing of 軍の 耐えるing which the improvised army of Australian 国民s has 始める，決める up for the 国民 army of Australia—a 基準 which, we may 残り／休憩（する） 保証するd, has not failed to impress our enemies in 計算するing the 軍の value of our 軍隊s.
Every 部隊 of the 国民 army will now have its tradition. Every 兵士 of the Australian army will have that 奮起させるing example of the Anzac heroes to live up to in his 軍の work, and we can regard the 未来 with a 静める 信用／信任 in the 軍の prowess of our 兵士s.
The 連合した 軍隊／機動隊s 避難させるd the Gallipoli 半島 in December 1915, and the 大多数 of the Australian 皇室の 軍隊 was then transferred to the Western 前線 in フラン, where on ひどく fought fields such as Pozières, Messines, Cambrai, Amiens, and others too 非常に／多数の to 詳細（に述べる） here, they won imperishable fame.
THE END
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