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肩書を与える: A Narrative of the 探検隊／遠征隊 to Botany Bay Author: Watkin Tench * A 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg of Australia eBook * eBook No.: e00083.html Language: English Date first 地位，任命するd: January 2013 Most 最近の update: January 2021 This eBook was produced by: Colin Choat, Stuart Kidd and Walter Moore 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg of Australia eBooks are created from printed 版s which are in the public domain in Australia, unless a copyright notice is 含むd. We do NOT keep any eBooks in 同意／服従 with a particular paper 版. Copyright 法律s are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright 法律s for your country before downloading or redistributing this とじ込み／提出する. This eBook is made 利用できる at no cost and with almost no 制限s どれでも. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the 条件 of the 事業／計画（する） Gutenberg Australia Licence which may be 見解（をとる）d online.
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From the Embarkation of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, to the 出発 of the Ships from England.
From the 出発, to the Arrival of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い at Teneriffe.
From the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い’s Arrival at Teneriffe, to its 出発 for Rio de Janeiro, in the Brazils.
The Passage from Teneriffe to Rio de Janeiro, in the Brazils.
From the Arrival of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い at Rio de Janeiro, till its 出発 for the Cape of Good Hope; with some 発言／述べるs on the Brazils.
The Passage from the Brazils to the Cape of Good Hope; with an Account of the 処理／取引s of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い there.
The Passage from the Cape of Good Hope to Botany Bay.
From the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い’s Arrival at Botany Bay to the 避難／引き上げ of it; and taking 所有／入手 of Port Jackson. Interviews with the Natives; and an Account of the Country about Botany Bay.
The taking 所有／入手 of Port Jackson, with the Disembarkation of the 海洋s and 罪人／有罪を宣告するs.
The reading of the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限s, and taking 所有／入手 of the 解決／入植地, in form. With an Account of the 法廷，裁判所s of 法律, and 方式 of 治めるing Public 司法（官） in this Country.
A Description of the Natives of New South むちの跡s, and our 処理／取引s with them.
The 出発 of the French from Botany Bay; and the Return of the ‘供給（する）’ from Norfolk Island; with a 発見 made by 中尉／大尉／警部補 Ball on his Passage to it.
処理／取引s at Port Jackson in the Months of April and May.
From the Beginning of June, to the 出発 of the Ships for Europe.
The 直面する of the Country; its 生産／産物s, 気候, &c.
The 進歩 made in the 解決／入植地; and the 状況／情勢 of 事件／事情／状勢s at the Time of the Ship, which 伝えるs this Account, sailing for England.
Some Thoughts on the Advantages which may arise to the Mother Country from forming the 植民地.
A 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of the Civil and 軍の 設立s in New South むちの跡s
In 申し込む／申し出ing this little tract to the public, it is 平等に the writer’s wish to conduce to their amusement and （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）.
The 探検隊／遠征隊 on which he is engaged has excited much curiosity, and given birth to many 憶測s, 尊敬（する）・点ing the consequences to arise from it. While men continue to think 自由に, they will 裁判官 variously. Some have been sanguine enough to 予知する the most 有益な 影響s to the Parent 明言する／公表する, from the 植民地 we are endeavouring to 設立する; and some have not been wanting to pronounce the 計画／陰謀 big with folly, impolicy, and 廃虚. Which of these 予測s will be 完全にするd, I leave to the 決定／判定勝ち（する） of the public. I cannot, however, 解任する the 支配する without 表明するing a hope, that the candid and 自由主義の of each opinion, induced by the humane and benevolent 意向 in which it 起こる／始まるd, will 部隊 in waiting the result of a fair 裁判，公判 to an 実験, no いっそう少なく new in its design, than difficult in its 死刑執行.
As this 出版（物） enters the world with the 指名する of the author, candour will, he 信用s, induce its readers to believe, that no consideration could 重さを計る with him in an endeavour to 誤って導く them. Facts are 関係のある 簡単に as they happened, and when opinions are hazarded, they are such as, he hopes, 患者 調査, and 審議する／熟考する 決定／判定勝ち（する）, will be 設立する to have authorised. For the most part he has spoken from actual 観察; and in those places where the relations of others have been unavoidably 可決する・採択するd. He has been careful to search for the truth, and repress that spirit of exaggeration which is almost ever the 影響 of novelty on ignorance.
The 航海の part of the work is comprized in as few pages as possible. By the professional part of my readers this will be みなすd judicious; and the 残り／休憩（する） will not, I believe, be 不満な at its brevity. I beg leave, however, to say of the 天文学の 計算／見積りs, that they may be depended on with the greatest degree of 安全, as they were communicated by an officer, who was furnished with 器具s, and （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限d by the Board of Longitude, to make 観察s during the voyage, and in the southern 半球.
An unpractised writer is 一般に anxious to bespeak public attention, and to solicit public indulgence. Except on professional 支配するs, 軍の men are, perhaps, too fearful of 批判的な 非難. For the 現在の narrative no other 陳謝 is 試みる／企てるd, than the 意向s of its author, who has endeavoured not only to 満足させる 現在の curiosity, but to point out to 未来 adventurers, the favourable, 同様に as 逆の circumstances which will …に出席する their settling here. The candid, it is hoped, will overlook the inaccuracies of this imperfect sketch, drawn まっただ中に the 複雑にするd 義務s of the service in which the Author is engaged, and make 予定 allowance for the want of 適切な時期 of 伸び（る）ing more 広範囲にわたる （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）.
Watkin Tench, Capt. of the
海洋s.
Sydney
Cove, Port Jackson, New South むちの跡s, 10 July, 1788.
From the Embarkation of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, to the 出発 of the Ships from England.
The 海洋s and 罪人／有罪を宣告するs having been 以前 乗る，着手するd in the River, at Portsmouth, and Plymouth, the whole (n)艦隊／(a)素早い 運命にあるd for the 探検隊／遠征隊 rendezvoused at the Mother Bank, on the 16th of March 1787, and remained there until the 13th of May に引き続いて. In this period, excepting a slight 外見 of contagion in one of the 輸送（する）s, the ships were universally healthy, and the 囚人s in high spirits. Few （民事の）告訴s or lamentations were to be heard の中で them, and an ardent wish for the hour of 出発 seemed 一般に to 勝つ／広く一帯に広がる.
As the 評判, 平等に with the safety of the officers and 兵士s 任命するd to guard the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, consisted in 持続するing 予定 subordination, an 適切な時期 was taken, すぐに on their 存在 乗る，着手するd, to 納得させる them, in the most pointed 条件, that any 試みる／企てる on their 味方する, either to contest the 命令（する）, or to 軍隊 their escape, should be punished with instant death; orders to this 影響 were given to the centinels in their presence; happily, however, for all parties, there occurred not any instance in which there was occasion to have 頼みの綱 to so desperate a 手段; the 行為 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 存在 in general humble, submissive, and 正規の／正選手: indeed I should feel myself wanting in 司法（官） to those unfortunate men, were I not to 耐える this public 証言 of the sobriety and decency of their 行為／行う.
Unpleasant as a 明言する／公表する of inactivity and 延期する for many weeks appeared to us, it was not without its advantages; for by means of it we were enabled to 設立する necessary 規則s の中で the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, and to 可決する・採択する such a system of defence, as left us little to apprehend for our own 安全, in 事例／患者 a spirit of madness and desperation had hurried them on to 試みる／企てる our 破壊.
の中で many other troublesome parts of 義務 which the service we were engaged on 要求するd, the 査察 of all letters brought to, or sent from the ships, was not one of the least tiresome and disagreeable. The number and contents of those in the 大型船 I was 乗る，着手するd in, frequently surprised me very much; they 変化させるd によれば the dispositions of the writers: but their constant language was, an 逮捕 of the impracticability of returning home, the dread of a sickly passage, and the fearful prospect of a distant and barbarous country. But this 明らかな despondency proceeded in few instances from 感情. With too many it was, doubtless, an artifice to awaken compassion, and call 前へ／外へ 救済; the correspondence invariably ending in a 嘆願（書） for money and タバコ. Perhaps a want of the latter, which is considered a 広大な／多数の／重要な 高級な by its admirers の中で the lower classes of life, might be the more 厳しく felt, from their 存在 debarred in all 事例／患者s whatever, sickness excepted, the use of spirituous アルコール飲料s.
It may be thought proper for me to について言及する, that during our stay at the Mother Bank, the 兵士s and 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were indiscriminately served with fresh beef. The former, in 新規加入, had the usual 量 of beer 許すd in the 海軍, and were at what is called 十分な allowance of all 種類 of 準備／条項s; the latter, at two thirds only.
From the 出発, to the Arrival of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い at Teneriffe.
知事 Phillip having at length reached Portsmouth, and all things みなすd necessary for the 探検隊／遠征隊 存在 put on board, at daylight on the morning of the 13th, the signal to 重さを計る 錨，総合司会者 was made in the 命令（する）ing Officer’s ship the Sirius. Before six o’clock the whole (n)艦隊／(a)素早い were under sail; and, the 天候 存在 罰金 and 勝利，勝つd easterly, proceeded through the Needles with a fresh 主要な 微風. In 新規加入 to our little 軍備, the Hyena フリゲート艦 was ordered to …を伴って us a 確かな distance to the 西方の, by which means our number was 増加するd to twelve sail: His Majesty’s ships ‘Sirius’, ‘Hyena’, and ‘供給（する）’, three Victuallers with two years 蓄える／店s and 準備／条項s on board for the 解決／入植地, and six 輸送（する）s, with 軍隊／機動隊s and 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. In the 輸送（する）s were 乗る，着手するd four captains, twelve subalterns, twenty-four serjeants and corporals, eight drummers, and one hundred and sixty 私的な 海洋s, making the whole of the 軍の 軍隊, 含むing the Major Commandant and Staff on board the Sirius, to consist of two hundred and twelve persons, of whom two hundred and ten were volunteers. The number of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs was five hundred and sixty-five men, one hundred and ninety-two women, and eighteen children; the major part of the 囚人s were mechanics and husbandmen, selected on 目的 by order of 政府.
By ten o’clock we had got （疑いを）晴らす of the 小島 of Wight, at which time, having very little 楽しみ in conversing with my own thoughts, I strolled 負かす／撃墜する の中で the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, to 観察する their 感情s at this juncture. A very few excepted, their countenances 示すd a high degree of satisfaction, though in some, the pang of 存在 厳しいd, perhaps for ever, from their native land, could not be wholly 抑えるd; in general, 示すs of 苦しめる were more perceptible の中で the men than the women; for I recollect to have seen but one of those 影響する／感情d on the occasion, “Some natural 涙／ほころびs she dropp’d, but wip’d them soon.” After this the accent of 悲しみ was no longer heard; more genial skies and change of scene banished repining and discontent, and introduced in their stead cheerfulness and acquiescence in a lot, now not to be altered.
To 追加する to the good disposition which was beginning to manifest itself, on the morning of the 20th, in consequence of some 都合のよい 代表s made by the officers 命令（する）ing detachments, they were あられ／賞賛するd and told from the Sirius, that in those 事例／患者s where they 裁判官d it proper, they were at liberty to 解放（する） the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs from the fetters in which they had been hitherto 限定するd. In 従うing with these directions, I had 広大な／多数の／重要な 楽しみ in 存在 able to 延長する this humane order to the whole of those under my 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金, without a 選び出す／独身 exception. It is hardly necessary for me to say, that the 警戒 of アイロンをかけるing the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs at any time reached to the men only.
In the evening of the same day, the Hyena left us for England, which afforded an 早期に 適切な時期 of 令状ing to our friends, and 緩和 their 逮捕s by a communication of the favourable accounts it was in our 力／強力にする to send them.
From this time to the day of our making the land, little occurred worthy of 発言／述べる. I cannot, however, help noticing the propriety of 雇うing the 海洋s on a service which 要求するs activity and exertion at sea, in preference to other 軍隊／機動隊s. Had a 連隊 新採用するd since the war been sent out, sea-sickness would have incapacitated half the men from 成し遂げるing the 義務s すぐに and indispensably necessary; 反して the 海洋s, from 存在 accustomed to serve on board ship, 融通するd themselves with 緩和する to every exigency, and surmounted every difficulty.
At daybreak, on the morning of the 30th of May we saw the 激しく揺するs 指名するd the 見捨てる人／脱走兵s, which 嘘（をつく） off the south-east end of Madeira; and 設立する the south-east extremity of the most southerly of them, to be in the latitude of 32 deg 28 min north, longitude 16 deg 17 1/2 min west of Greenwich. The に引き続いて day we saw the 海難救助s, a cluster of 激しく揺するs which are placed between the Madeiras and Canary Islands, and 決定するd the latitude of the middle of the 広大な／多数の／重要な 海難救助 to be 30 deg 12 min north, and the longitude of its eastern 味方する to be 15 deg 39 min west. It is no いっそう少なく 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の than unpardonable, that in some very modern charts of the 大西洋, published in London, the 海難救助s are 全く omitted.
We made the island of Teneriffe on the 3d of June, and in the evening 錨，総合司会者d in the road of Santa Cruz, after an excellent passage of three weeks from the day we left England.
From the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い’s Arrival at Teneriffe, to its 出発 for Rio de Janeiro, in the Brazils.
There is little to please a traveller at Teneriffe. He has heard wonders of its celebrated 頂点（に達する）, but he may remain for weeks together at the town of Santa Cruz without having a glimpse of it, and when its cloud-topped 長，率いる 現れるs, the chance is, that he feels disappointed, for, from the point of 見解（をとる） in which he sees it, the 隣人ing mountains 少なくなる its 影響 very かなり. Excepting the 頂点（に達する）, the 注目する，もくろむ receives little 楽しみ from the general 直面する of the country, which is sterile and uninviting to the last degree. The town, however, from its cheerful white 外見, contrasted with the dreary brownness of the 支援する ground, makes not an unpleasing クーデター d’oeil. It is neither 不規律な in its 計画（する）, nor despicable in its style of building; and the churches and 宗教的な houses are 非常に／多数の, sumptuous, and 高度に ornamented.
The morning of our arrival, as many officers as could be spared from the different ships were introduced to the Marquis de Brancifort, 知事 of the Canary Islands, whose 歓迎会 was 高度に flattering and polite. His Excellency is a Sicilian by birth, and is most deservedly popular in his 政府. He prefers residing at Teneriffe, for the conveniency of たびたび（訪れる） communication with Europe, to the Grand Canary, which is 適切に the seat of 力／強力にする; and though not long 直す／買収する，八百長をするd here, has already 設立する means to 設立する a manufactory in cotton, silk, and thread, under excellent 規則s, which 雇うs more than sixty persons, and is of infinite service to the ありふれた people. During our short stay we had every day some fresh proof of his Excellency’s esteem and attention, and had the honour of dining with him, in a style of equal elegance and splendor. At this entertainment the profusion of ices which appeared in the 砂漠 was surprising, considering that we were enjoying them under a sun nearly vertical. But it seems the caverns of the 頂点（に達する）, very far below its 首脳会議, afford, at all seasons, ice in 豊富.
The restless importunity of the beggars, and the immodesty of the lowest class of women, are 高度に disgusting. From the number of his countrymen to be 設立する, an Englishman is at no loss for society. In the 商業の houses 設立するd here, it is from gentlemen of this description that any （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） is derived, for the taciturnity of the Spaniards is not to be 打ち勝つ in a short 知識, 特に by Englishmen, whose reserve 落ちるs little short of their own. The inland country is 述べるd as fertile, and 高度に romantic; and the 近郊 of the small town of Laguza について言及するd as 特に pleasant. Some of our officers who made an excursion to it 確認するd the account amply.
It should seem that the 力／強力にする of the Church, which has been so long on the 拒絶する／低下する in Europe, is at length beginning to be shaken in the 植民地s of the カトリック教徒 力／強力にするs: some 最近の instances which have taken place at Teneriffe, evince it very fully. Were not a stranger, however, to be apprized of this, he would hardly draw the 結論 from his own 観察s. The Bishop of these islands, which conjunctively form a See, resides on the Grand Canary. He is 代表するd as a man in years, and of a character as amiable as exalted, 極端に beloved both by foreigners and those of his own church. The bishopric is valued at ten thousand 続けざまに猛撃するs per 年; the 政府 at somewhat いっそう少なく than two.
In spite of every 警戒, while we lay at 錨，総合司会者 in the road, a 罪人／有罪を宣告する had the 演説（する）／住所, one night, to secrete himself on the deck, when the 残り／休憩（する） were turned below; and after remaining 静かな for some hours, let himself 負かす／撃墜する over the 屈服する of the ship, and floated to a boat that lay astern, into which he got, and cutting her 流浪して, 苦しむd himself to be carried away by the 現在の, until at a 十分な distance to be out of 審理，公聴会, when he 列／漕ぐ／騒動d off. This elopement was not discovered till some hours after, when a search 存在 made, and boats sent to the different parts of the island, he was discovered in a small cove, to which he had fled for 避難. On 存在 questioned, it appeared he had endeavoured to get himself received on board a Dutch East Indiaman in the road; but 存在 拒絶するd there, he 解決するd on crossing over to the Grand Canary, which is at the distance of ten leagues, and when （悪事，秘密などを）発見するd, was 新採用するing his strength ーするために make the 試みる／企てる. At the same time that the boats of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い were sent on this 追跡, （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） was given to the Spanish 知事 of what had happened, who すぐに detached parties every way ーするために apprehend the delinquent.
Having remained a week at Teneriffe, and in that time 完全にするd our 在庫／株 of water, and taken on board ワイン, &c. 早期に on the morning of the 10th of June we 重さを計るd 錨，総合司会者, and stood out to sea with a light easterly 微風. The shortness of our stay, and the consequent hurry, 妨げるd our 増加するing much any previous knowledge we might have had of the place. For the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） of those who may follow us on this service, it may not, however, be amiss to 明言する／公表する the little that will be 設立する of use to them.
The markets afford fresh meat, though it is neither plentiful nor good. Fish is 不十分な; but poultry may be procured in almost any 量, at as cheap a 率 as in the English sea-ports. Vegetables do not abound, except pumpkins and onions, of which I advise all ships to lay in a large 在庫／株. Milch goats are bought for a trifle, and easily procured. Grapes cannot be 不十分な in their season; but when we were here, except figs and excellent mulberries, no fruit was to be procured. 乾燥した，日照りの ワインs, as the merchants 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 them, are sold from ten to fifteen 続けざまに猛撃するs a 麻薬を吸う; for the latter price, the very best, called the London Particular, may be bought: 甘い ワインs are かなり er. Brandy is also a cheap article. I would not advise the voyager to depend on this place for either his hogs or sheep. And he will do 井戸／弁護士席 to 供給（する） himself with dollars before he やめるs England, to expend in the different ports he may happen to touch at. Should he, however, have neglected this 警戒, let him remember when he 割引s 法案s, or 交流s English money here, not to receive his returns in ４半期/4分の1 dollars, which will be tendered to him, but altogether in whole ones, as he will find the latter turn to better account than the former, both at Rio de Janeiro and the Cape of Good Hope.
The latitude of the town of Santa Cruz is 28 deg 27 1/2 min north, the longitude 16 deg 17 1/2 min west of Greenwich.
The Passage From Teneriffe To Rio De Janeiro, In The Brazils
In sailing from Teneriffe to the south-east, the さまざまな and picturesque 外見s of the 頂点（に達する） are beautiful to the highest degree. The stupendous 高さ, which before was lost on the traveller, now strikes him with awe and 賞賛, the whole island appearing one 広大な mountain with a pyramidal 最高の，を越す. As we proceeded with light 勝利，勝つd, at an 平易な 率, we saw it distinctly for three days after our 出発, and should have continued to see it longer, had not the haziness of the atmosphere interrupted our 見解（をとる）. The good people of Santa Cruz tell some stories of the wonderful extent of space to be seen from the 首脳会議 of it, that would not 不名誉 the memoirs of the ever-memorable Baron Munchausen.
On the 18th of June we saw the most northerly of the Cape de Verd Islands, at which time the Commodore gave the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い to understand, by signal, that his 意向 was to touch at some of them. The に引き続いて day we made St. Jago, and stood in to 伸び（る） an 船の停泊地 in Port Praya Bay. But the baffling 勝利，勝つd and 物陰／風下 現在の （判決などを）下すing it a 事柄 of 疑問 whether or not the ships would be able to fetch, the signal for 錨，総合司会者ing was 運ぶ／漁獲高d 負かす／撃墜する, and the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い bore up before the 勝利，勝つd. In passing along them we were enabled to ascertain the south end of the 小島 of Sal to be in 16 deg 40 min north latitude, and 23 deg 5 min west longitude. The south end of Bonavista to be in 15 deg 57 min north, 23 deg 8 min west. The south end of the 小島 of May in 15 deg 11 min north, 23 deg 26 min west; and the longitude of the fort, in the town of Port Praya, to be 23 deg 36 1/2 min west of Greenwich.
By this time the 天候, from the sun 存在 so far 前進するd in the northern tropic, was become intolerably hot, which, joined to the 強い雨s that soon after （機の）カム on, made us very apprehensive for the health of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い. Contrary, however, to 期待, the number of sick in the ship I was 乗る，着手するd on was surprisingly small, and the 残り／休憩（する） of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い were nearly as healthy. たびたび（訪れる） 爆発s of gunpowder, lighting 解雇する／砲火／射撃s between decks, and a 自由主義の use of that admirable antiseptic, oil of tar, were the 予防のs we made use of against impure 空気／公表する; and above all things we were careful to keep the men’s bedding and wearing apparel 乾燥した，日照りの. As we 前進するd に向かって the Line, the 天候 grew 徐々に better and more pleasant. On the 14th of July we passed the 赤道, at which time the atmosphere was as serene, and the 気温 of the 空気／公表する not hotter than in a 有望な summer day in England. From this period, until our arrival on the American coast, the heats, the 静めるs, and the rains by which we had been so much incommoded, were 後継するd by a 一連の 天候 as delightful as it was unlooked for. At three o’clock in the afternoon of the 2nd of August, the ‘供給（する）’, which had been 以前 sent a-長，率いる on 目的, made the signal for seeing the land, which was 明白な to the whole (n)艦隊／(a)素早い before sunset, and 証明するd to be Cape Frio, in latitude 23 deg 5 min south, longitude 41 deg 40 1/4 min west.
借りがあるing to light 空気／公表するs we did not get a-breast of the city of St. Sebastian, in the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, until the 7th of the month, when we 錨，総合司会者d about three ４半期/4分の1s of a mile from the shore.
From the Arrival of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い at Rio de Janeiro, till its 出発 for the Cape of Good Hope; with some 発言／述べるs on the Brazils.
Brazil is a country very imperfectly known in Europe. The Portugueze, from political 動機s, have been sparing in their accounts of it. Whence our descriptions of it, in the geographical 出版（物）s in England, are drawn, I know not: that they are miserably erroneous and 欠陥のある, is 確かな .
The city of St. Sebastian stands on the west 味方する of the harbour, in a low unhealthy 状況／情勢, surrounded on all 味方するs by hills, which stop the 解放する／自由な 循環／発行部数 of 空気／公表する, and 支配する its inhabitants to intermittents and putrid 病気s. It is of かなりの extent: Mr. Cook makes it as large as Liverpool; but Liverpool, in 1767, when Mr. Cook wrote, was not two-thirds of its 現在の size. Perhaps it equals Chester, or Exeter, in the 株 of ground it 占領するs, and is infinitely more populous than either of them. The streets intersect each other at 権利 angles, are tolerably 井戸／弁護士席 built, and excellently 覆うd, abounding with shops of every 肉親，親類d, in which the wants of a stranger, if money is not one of them, can hardly remain unsatisfied. About the centre of the city, and at a little distance from the beach, the Palace of the Viceroy stands, a long, low building, no wise remarkable in its exterior 外見; though within are some spacious and handsome apartments. The churches and convents are 非常に／多数の, and richly decorated; hardly a night passes without some of the latter 存在 illuminated in honour of their patron saints, which has a very brilliant 影響 when 見解（をとる）d from the water, and was at first mistaken by us for public rejoicings. At the corner of almost every street stands a little image of the Virgin, stuck 一連の会議、交渉／完成する with lights in an evening, before which 乗客s frequently stop to pray and sing very loudly. Indeed, the 高さ to which 宗教的な zeal is carried in this place, cannot fail of creating astonishment in a stranger. The greatest part of the inhabitants seem to have no other 占領／職業, than that of 支払う／賃金ing visits and going to church, at which times you see them sally 前へ／外へ richly dressed, en chapeau bras, with the appendages of a 捕らえる、獲得する for the hair, and a small sword: even boys of six years old are seen parading about, furnished with these 不可欠の requisites. Except when at their devotions, it is not 平易な to get a sight of the women, and when 得るd, the comparisons drawn by a traveller, lately arrived from England, are little flattering to Portugueze beauty. In 司法（官）, however, to the ladies of St. Sebastian, I must 観察する, that the custom of throwing nosegays at strangers, for the 目的 of bringing on an assignation, which Doctor Solander, and another gentleman of Mr. Cook’s ship, met with when here, was never seen by any of us in a 選び出す／独身 instance. We were so deplorably unfortunate as to walk every evening before their windows and balconies, without 存在 honoured with a 選び出す／独身 bouquet, though nymphs and flowers were in equal and 広大な／多数の／重要な 豊富.
の中で other public buildings, I had almost forgot to について言及する an 観測所, which stands 近づく the middle of the town, and is tolerably 井戸／弁護士席 furnished with 天文学の 器具s. During our stay here, some Spanish and Portuguese mathematicians were endeavouring to 決定する the 境界s of the 領土s belonging to their 各々の 栄冠を与えるs. Unhappily, however, for the 原因（となる） of science, these gentleman have not hitherto been able to 同時に起こる／一致する in their accounts, so that very little （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） on this 長，率いる, to be depended upon, could be 伸び（る）d. How far political 動機s may have 原因（となる）d this 不一致, I do not 推定する to decide; though it deserves notice, that the Portuguese 告発する／非難する the Abbee de la Caille, who 観察するd here by order of the King of フラン, of having laid 負かす／撃墜する the longitude of this place forty-five miles too much to the eastward.
Until the year 1770, all the flour in the 解決／入植地 was brought from Europe; but since that time the inhabitants have made so 早い a 進歩 in raising 穀物, as to be able to 供給（する） themselves with it abundantly. The 主要な／長／主犯 corn country lies around Rio Grande, in the latitude of 32 deg south, where wheat 繁栄するs so luxuriantly, as to 産する／生じる from seventy to eighty bushels for one. Coffee also, which they 以前は received from Portugal, now grows in such plenty as to enable them to 輸出（する） かなりの 量s of it. But the 中心的要素 商品／必需品 of the country is sugar. That they have not, however, learnt the art of making palatable rum, the English 軍隊／機動隊s in New South むちの跡s can 耐える 証言; a large 量, very ill flavoured, having been bought and shipped here for the use of the 守備隊 of Port Jackson.
It was in 1771 that St. Salvador, which had for more than a century been the 資本／首都 of Brazil, 中止するd to be so; and that the seat of 政府 was 除去するd to St. Sebastian. The change took place on account of the 植民地の war, at that time carried on by the 法廷，裁判所s of Lisbon and Madrid. And, indeed, were the 反対する of 安全 alone to 決定する the seat of 政府, I know but few places better 据えるd in that 尊敬（する）・点 than the one I am 述べるing; the natural strength of the country, joined to the difficulties which would …に出席する an attack on the 要塞s, 存在 such as to （判決などを）下す it very formidable.
It may be 推定するd that the Portuguese 政府 is 井戸／弁護士席 apprized of this circumstance and of the little risque they run in 存在 奪うd of so important a 所有／入手, else it will not be 平易な to 侵入する the 推論する／理由s which induce them to 扱う／治療する the 軍隊／機動隊s who compose the 守備隊 with such cruel 怠慢，過失. Their 連隊s were ordered out with a 約束 of 存在 relieved, and sent 支援する to Europe at the end of three years, in 順応／服従 to which they settled all their 国内の 手はず／準備. But the 約束 of 政府 has been broken, and at the 満期 of twenty years, all that is left to the 残余 of these unfortunate men, is to 苦しむ in submissive silence. I was one evening walking with a Portuguese officer, when this 支配する was started, and on my telling him, that such a 違反 of public honour to English 軍隊／機動隊s would become a 支配する of 議会の enquiry, he 掴むd my 手渡す with 広大な／多数の／重要な 切望, “Ah, Sir!” exclaimed he, “yours is a 解放する／自由な country—we”!—His emotions spoke what his tongue 辞退するd.
As I am について言及するing the army, I cannot help 観察するing, that I saw nothing here to 確認する the 発言／述べる of Mr. Cook, that the inhabitants of the place, whenever they 会合，会う an officer of the 守備隊, 屈服する to him with the greatest obsequiousness; and by omitting such a 儀式, would 支配する themselves to be knocked 負かす／撃墜する, though the other seldom deigns to return the compliment. The 交換 of civilities is general between them, and seems by no means だまし取るd. The people who could 服従させる／提出する to such insolent 優越, would, indeed, deserve to be 扱う／治療するd as slaves.
The police of the city is very good. 兵士s patrole the streets frequently, and 暴動s are seldom heard of. The dreadful custom of stabbing, from 動機s of 私的な 憤慨, is nearly at an end, since the church has 中止するd to afford an 亡命 to 殺害者s. In other 尊敬（する）・点s, the 進歩 of 改良 appears slow, and fettered by 障害s almost insurmountable, whose baneful 影響（力） will continue, until a more enlightened system of 政策 shall be 可決する・採択するd. From morning to night the ears of a stranger are 迎える／歓迎するd by the tinkling of the convent bells, and his 注目する，もくろむs saluted by 行列s of 充てるs, whose adoration and levity seem to keep equal pace, and 後継する each other in turns. “Do you want to make your son sick of 兵士ing? Shew him the Trainbands of London on a field-day.” Let him who would wish to give his son a distaste to Popery, point out to him the sloth, the ignorance, and the bigotry of this place.
存在 nearly ready to 出発／死 by the 1st of September, as many officers as possible went on that day to the palace to take leave of his Excellency, the Viceroy of the Brazils, to whom we had been 以前 introduced; who on this, and every other occasion, was pleased to honour us with the most distinguished 示すs of regard and attention. Some part, indeed, of the 非常に／多数の indulgencies we experienced during our stay here, must doubtless be せいにするd to the high 尊敬（する）・点 in which the Portuguese held 知事 Phillip, who was for many years a captain in their 海軍, and 命令（する）d a ship of war on this 駅／配置する: in consequence of which, many 特権s were 延長するd to us, very unusual to be 認めるd to strangers. We were 許すd the liberty of making short excursions into the country, and on these occasions, 同様に as when walking in the city, the mortifying custom of having an officer of the 守備隊 …に出席するing us was dispensed with on our leaving our 指名するs and 階級s, at the time of 上陸, with the adjutant of orders at the palace. It happened, however, いつかs, that the presence of a 軍の man was necessary to 妨げる 課税 in the shopkeepers, who frequently made a practice of asking more for their goods than the 価値（がある） of them. In which 事例／患者 an officer, when 適用するd to, always told us the usual price of the 商品／必需品 with the greatest 準備完了, and adjusted the 条件 of the 購入（する）.
On the morning of the fourth of September we left Rio de Janeiro, amply furnished with the good things which its happy 国／地域 and clime so abundantly produce. The 未来 voyager may with 安全 depend on this place for laying in many parts of his 在庫／株. の中で these may be enumerated sugar, coffee, rum, port ワイン, rice, tapioca, and タバコ, besides very beautiful 支持を得ようと努めるd for the 目的s of 世帯 furniture. Poultry is not remarkably cheap, but may be procured in any 量; as may hops at a low 率. The markets are 井戸／弁護士席 供給（する）d with butcher’s meat, and vegetables of every sort are to be procured at a price next to nothing; the yams are 特に excellent. Oranges abound so much, as to be sold for sixpence a hundred; and limes are to be had on 条件 平等に 穏健な. 気が狂って, cocoa nuts, and guavas, are ありふれた; but the few pineapples brought to market are not remarkable either for flavour, or cheapness. Besides the 誘導s to lay out money already について言及するd, the naturalist may 追加する to his collection by an almost endless variety of beautiful birds and curious insects, which are to be bought at a reasonable price, 井戸／弁護士席 保存するd, and neatly assorted.
I shall の近くに my account of this place by 知らせるing strangers, who may come here, that the Portuguese reckon their money in rees, an imaginary coin, twenty of which make a small 巡査 piece called a ‘vintin’, and sixteen of these last a ‘petack’. Every piece is 示すd with the number of rees it is 価値（がある）, so that a mistake can hardly happen. English silver coin has lost its 評判 here, and dollars will be 設立する より望ましい to any other money.
The Passage from the Brazils to the Cape of Good Hope; with an Account of the 処理／取引s of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い there.
Our passage from Rio de Janeiro to the Cape of Good Hope was 平等に 繁栄する with that which had に先行するd it. We steered away to the south-east, and lost sight of the American coast the day after our 出発. From this time until the 13th of October, when we made the Cape, nothing remarkable occurred, except the loss of a 罪人／有罪を宣告する in the ship I was on board, who unfortunately fell into the sea, and 死なせる／死ぬd in spite of our 成果／努力s to save him, by cutting 流浪して a life ブイ，浮標 and hoisting out a boat. During the passage, a slight dysentery 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd in some of the ships, but was in no instance mortal. We were at first inclined to impute it to the water we took on board at the Brazils, but as the 影響 was very 部分的な／不平等な, some other 原因（となる） was more probably the occasion of it.
At seven o’clock in the evening of the 13th of October, we cast 錨，総合司会者 in （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する Bay, and 設立する many ships of different nations in the harbour.
Little can be 追加するd to the many accounts already published of the Cape of Good Hope, though, if an opinion on the 支配する might be risqued, the descriptions they 含む／封じ込める are too flattering. When contrasted with Rio de Janeiro, it certainly 苦しむs in the comparison. Indeed we arrived at a time 平等に unfavourable for 裁判官ing of the produce of the 国／地域 and the temper of its cultivators, who had 苦しむd かなり from a th that had happened the 先行する season, and created a general scarcity. Nor was the chagrin of these deprivations 少なくなるd by the news daily arriving of the convulsions that shook the 共和国, which could not fail to make an impression even on Batavian phlegm.
As a かなりの 量 of flour, and the 主要な／長／主犯 part of the live 在庫／株, which was to 蓄える／店 our ーするつもりであるd 解決／入植地, were meant to be procured here, 知事 Phillip lost no time in waiting on Mynheer 先頭 Graaffe, the Dutch 知事, to request 許可 (によれば the custom of the place) to 購入（する） all that we stood in need of. How far the 需要・要求する 延長するd, I know not, nor Mynheer 先頭 Graaffe’s 推論する／理由s for 従うing with it in part only. To this gentleman’s political 感情s I 自白する myself a stranger; though I should do his politeness and liberality at his own （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する an 不正, were I not to take this public 適切な時期 of 認めるing them; nor can I resist the 適切な時期 which 現在のs itself, to 知らせる my readers, in 栄誉（を受ける） of M. 先頭 Graaffe’s humanity, that he has made repeated 成果／努力s to 回復する the unfortunate remains of the 乗組員 of the Grosvenor Indiaman, which was 難破させるd about five years ago on the coast of Caffraria. This （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） was given me by 陸軍大佐 Gordon, commandant of the Dutch 軍隊／機動隊s at the Cape, whose knowledge of the 内部の parts of this country より勝るs that of any other man. And I am sorry to say that the 陸軍大佐 追加するd, these unhappy people were irrecoverably lost to the world and their friends, by 存在 拘留するd の中で the Caffres, the most savage 始める，決める of brutes on earth.
His Excellency resides at the 政府 house, in the East India Company’s garden. This last is of かなりの extent, and is 工場／植物d 主として with vegetables for the Dutch Indiamen which may happen to touch at the port. Some of the walks are 極端に pleasant from the shade they afford, and the whole garden is very neatly kept. The 正規の／正選手 lines intersecting each other at 権利 angles, in which it is laid out, will, にもかかわらず, afford but little gratification to an Englishman, who has been used to 熟視する／熟考する the natural style which distinguishes the 楽しみ grounds of his own country. At the 長，率いる of the centre walks stands a menagerie, on which, 同様に as the garden, many pompous eulogiums have been passed, though in my own judgment, considering the 地元の advantages 所有するd by the Company, it is 貧しく furnished both with animals and birds; a tyger, a zebra, some 罰金 ostriches, a cassowary, and the lovely 栄冠を与える-fowl, are の中で the most remarkable.
The （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する land, which stands at the 支援する of the town, is a 黒人／ボイコット dreary looking mountain, 明らかに flat at 最高の，を越す, and of more than eleven hundred yards in 高さ. The gusts of 勝利，勝つd which blow from it are violent to an 超過, and have a very unpleasant 影響, by raising the dust in such clouds, as to （判決などを）下す stirring out of doors next to impossible. Nor can any 警戒 妨げる the inhabitants from 存在 annoyed by it, as much within doors as without.
At length the wished-for day, on which the next 成果／努力 for reaching the place of our 目的地 was to be made, appeared. The morning was 静める, but the land 勝利，勝つd getting up about noon, on the 12th of November we 重さを計るd 錨，総合司会者, and soon left far behind every scene of civilization and humanized manners, to 調査する a remote and barbarous land; and 工場／植物 in it those happy arts, which alone 構成する the pre-eminence and dignity of other countries.
The live animals we took on board on the public account from the Cape, for 在庫／株ing our 事業／計画（する）d 植民地, were, two bulls, three cows, three horses, forty-four sheep, and thirty-two hogs, besides goats, and a very large 量 of poultry of every 肉親，親類d. A かなりの 新規加入 to this was made by the 私的な 在庫／株s of the officers, who were, however, under a necessity of circumscribing their 初めの 意向s on this 長，率いる very much, from the 過度の ness of many of the articles. It will readily be believed, that few of the 軍の 設立する it convenient to 購入（する） sheep, when hay to 料金d them costs sixteen shillings a hundred 負わせる.
The 搭乗-houses on shore, to which strangers have 頼みの綱, are more reasonable than might be 推定する／予想するd. For a dollar and a half per day we were 井戸／弁護士席 宿泊するd, and partook of a （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する tolerably 供給（する）d in the French style. Should a traveller’s 在庫／株 of tea run short, it is a thousand chances to one that he will be able to 補充する it here at a cheaper 率 than in England. He may procure plenty of arrack and white ワイン; also raisins, and 乾燥した，日照りのd fruits of other sorts. If he dislikes to live at a 搭乗-house, he will find the markets 井戸／弁護士席 蓄える／店d, and the price of butcher’s meat and vegetables far from 過度の.
Just before the signal for 重さを計るing was made, a ship, under American colours, entered the road, bound from Boston, from whence she had sailed one hundred and forty days, on a 貿易（する）ing voyage to the East Indies. In her 大勝する, she had been lucky enough to 選ぶ up several of the inferior officers and 乗組員 of the Harcourt East-Indiaman, which ship had been 難破させるd on one of the Cape de Verd Islands. The master, who appeared to be a man of some （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）, on 存在 told the 目的地 of our (n)艦隊／(a)素早い, gave it as his opinion, that if a 歓迎会 could be 安全な・保証するd, 移住s would take place to New South むちの跡s, not only from the old continent, but the new one, where the spirit of adventure and かわき for novelty were 過度の.
The Passage from the Cape of Good Hope to Botany Bay
We had hardly （疑いを）晴らすd the land when a south-east 勝利，勝つd 始める，決める in, and, except at short intervals, continued to blow until the 19th of the month; when we were in the latitude of 37 deg 40 min south, and by the time-keeper, in longitude 11 deg 30 min east, so that our distance from Botany Bay had 増加するd nearly an hundred leagues since leaving the Cape. As no 外見 of a change in our favour seemed likely to take place, 知事 Phillip at this time 示す his 意向 of 転換ing his pennant from the Sirius to the ‘供給（する）’, and 訴訟／進行 on his voyage without waiting for the 残り／休憩（する） of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い, which was formed in two 分割s. The first consisting of three 輸送（する）s, known to be the best sailors, was put under the 命令（する） of a 中尉／大尉／警部補 of the 海軍; and the remaining three, with the victuallers, left in 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of Captain Hunter, of his Majesty’s ship Sirius. In the last 分割 was the 大型船, in which the author of this narrative served. さまざまな 原因（となる）s 妨げるd the 分離 from taking place until the 25th, when several sawyers, carpenters, blacksmiths, and other mechanics, were 転換d from different ships into the ‘供給（する）’, ーするために 容易にする his Excellency’s 意向 of 今後ing the necessary buildings to be 築くd at Botany Bay, by the time the 残り／休憩（する） of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い might be 推定する／予想するd to arrive. 中尉／大尉／警部補 知事 Ross, and the Staff of the 海洋 大隊, also 除去するd from the Sirius into the Scarborough 輸送（する）, one of the ships of the first 分割, in order to afford every 援助 which the public service might receive, by their 存在 早期に on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す on which our 未来 操作／手術s were to be 行為／行うd.
From this time a succession of fair 勝利，勝つd and pleasant 天候 corresponded to our eager 願望（する）s, and on the 7th of January, 1788, the long wished for shore of 先頭 Diemen gratified our sight. We made the land at two o’clock in the afternoon, the very hour we 推定する／予想するd to see it from the lunar 観察s of Captain Hunter, whose 正確, as an 天文学者, and 行為／行う as an officer, had 奮起させるd us with equal 感謝 and 賞賛.
After so long a confinement, on a service so peculiarly disgusting and troublesome, it cannot be 事柄 of surprise that we were overjoyed at the 近づく prospect of a change of scene. By sunset we had passed between the 激しく揺するs, which Captain Furneaux 指名するd the Mewstone and Swilly. The former 耐えるs a very の近くに resemblance to the little island 近づく Plymouth, whence it took its 指名する: its latitude is 43 deg 48 min south, longitude 146 deg 25 min east of Greenwich.
In running along shore, we cast many an anxious 注目する，もくろむ に向かって the land, on which so much of our 未来 運命 depended. Our distance, joined to the haziness of the atmosphere, 妨げるd us, however, from 存在 able to discover much. With our best glasses we could see nothing but hills of a 穏健な 高さ, cloathed with trees, to which some little patches of white sandstone gave the 外見 of 存在 covered with snow. Many 解雇する／砲火／射撃s were 観察するd on the hills in the evening.
As no person in the ship I was on board had been on this coast before, we 協議するd a little chart, published by Steele, of the Minories, London, and 設立する it, in general, very 訂正する; it would be more so, were not the Mewstone laid 負かす／撃墜する at too 広大な／多数の／重要な a distance from the land, and one 反対する made of the Eddystone and Swilly, when, in fact, they are 際立った. Between the two last is an entire bed of impassable 激しく揺するs, many of them above water. The latitude of the Eddystone is 43 deg 53 1/2 min, longitude 147 deg 9 min; that of Swilly 43 deg 54 min south, longitude 147 deg 3 min east of Greenwich.
In the night the westerly 勝利，勝つd, which had so long befriended us, died away, and was 後継するd by one from the north-east. When day appeared we had lost sight of the land, and did not 回復する it until the 19th, at only the distance of 17 leagues from our 願望（する）d port. The 勝利，勝つd was now fair, the sky serene, though a little 煙霧のかかった, and the 気温 of the 空気／公表する delightfully pleasant: joy sparkled in every countenance, and congratulations 問題／発行するd from every mouth. Ithaca itself was scarcely more longed for by Ulysses, than Botany Bay by the adventurers who had 横断するd so many thousand miles to take 所有／入手 of it.
“ひどく in clouds （機の）カム on the day” which 勧めるd in our arrival. To us it was “a 広大な／多数の／重要な, an important day,” though I hope the 創立／基礎, not the 落ちる, of an empire will be 時代遅れの from it.
On the morning of the 20th, by ten o’clock, the whole of the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い had cast 錨，総合司会者 in Botany Bay, where, to our 相互の satisfaction, we 設立する the 知事, and the first 分割 of 輸送（する）s. On 調査, we heard, that the ‘供給（する）’ had arrived on the 18th, and the 輸送（する）s only the 先行する day.
Thus, after a passage of 正確に／まさに thirty-six weeks from Portsmouth, we happily 影響d our arduous 請け負うing, with such a train of unexampled blessings as hardly ever …に出席するd a (n)艦隊／(a)素早い in a like predicament. Of two hundred and twelve 海洋s we lost only one; and of seven hundred and seventy-five 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, put on board in England, but twenty-four 死なせる／死ぬd in our 大勝する. To what 原因（となる） are we to せいにする this unhoped for success? I wish I could answer to the 自由主義の manner in which 政府 供給（する）d the 探検隊／遠征隊. But when the reader is told, that some of the necessary articles 許すd to ships on a ありふれた passage to West Indies, were withheld from us; that portable soup, wheat, and pickled vegetables were not 許すd; and that an 不十分な 量 of essence of malt was the only antiscorbutic 供給（する）d, his surprise will redouble at the result of the voyage. For it must be remembered, that the people thus sent out were not a ship’s company starting with every advantage of health and good living, which a 明言する／公表する of freedom produces; but the major part a 哀れな 始める，決める of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, emaciated from confinement, and in want of cloaths, and almost every convenience to （判決などを）下す so long a passage tolerable. I beg leave, however, to say, that the 準備／条項s served on board were good, and of a much superior 質 to those usually 供給（する）d by 契約: they were furnished by Mr. Richards, junior, of Walworth, Surrey.
From the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い’s Arrival at Botany Bay to the 避難／引き上げ of it; and taking 所有／入手 of Port Jackson. Interviews with the Natives; and an Account of the Country about Botany Bay
We had scarcely 企て，努力，提案 each other welcome on our arrival, when an 探検隊／遠征隊 up the Bay was undertaken by the 知事 and 中尉／大尉／警部補-知事, in order to 調査する the nature of the country, and 直す／買収する，八百長をする on a 位置／汚点／見つけ出す to begin our 操作／手術s upon. 非，不，無, however, which could be みなすd very 適格の, 存在 discovered, his Excellency proceeded in a boat to 診察する the 開始, to which Mr. Cook had given the 指名する of Port Jackson, on an idea that a 避難所 for shipping within it might be 設立する. The boat returned on the evening of the 23rd, with such an account of the harbour and advantages …に出席するing the place, that it was 決定するd the 避難／引き上げ of Botany Bay should 開始する the next morning.
In consequence of this 決定／判定勝ち（する）, the few seamen and 海洋s who had been landed from the 騎兵大隊, were 即時に reimbarked, and every 準備 made to 企て，努力，提案 adieu to a port which had so long been the 支配する of our conversation; which but three days before we had entered with so many 感情s of satisfaction; and in which, as we had believed, so many of our 未来 hours were to be passed. The thoughts of 除去 banished sleep, so that I rose at the first 夜明け of the morning. But 裁判官 of my surprize on 審理，公聴会 from a serjeant, who ran 負かす／撃墜する almost breathless to the cabin where I was dressing, that a ship was seen off the harbour’s mouth. At first I only laughed, but knowing the man who spoke to me to be of 広大な／多数の／重要な veracity, and 審理，公聴会 him repeat his （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）, I flew upon deck, on which I had barely 始める，決める my foot, when the cry of “another sail” struck on my astonished ear.
Confounded by a thousand ideas which arose in my mind in an instant, I sprang upon the barricado and plainly descried two ships of かなりの size, standing in for the mouth of the Bay. By this time the alarm had become general, and every one appeared lost in conjecture. Now they were Dutchmen sent to dispossess us, and the moment after storeships from England, with 供給（する）s for the 解決／入植地. The 起こりそうにない事s which …に出席するd both these 結論s, were sunk in the agitation of the moment. It was by 知事 Phillip, that this mystery was at length unravelled, and the 原因（となる） of the alarm pronounced to be two French ships, which, it was now recollected, were on a voyage of 発見 in the southern 半球. Thus were our 疑問s （疑いを）晴らすd up, and our 逮捕s banished; it was, however, 裁判官d expedient to 延期する our 除去 to Port Jackson, until a 完全にする 確定／確認 of our conjectures could be procured.
Had the sea 微風 始める，決める in, the strange ships would have been at 錨，総合司会者 in the Bay by eight o’clock in the morning, but the 勝利，勝つd blowing out, they were driven by a strong 物陰／風下 現在の to the southward of the port. On the に引き続いて day they re-appeared in their former 状況／情勢, and a boat was sent to them, with a 中尉／大尉／警部補 of the 海軍 in her, to 申し込む／申し出 援助, and point out the necessary 示すs for entering the harbour. In the course of the day the officer returned, and brought 知能 that the ships were the Boussole and Astrolabe, sent out by order of the King of フラン, and under the 命令（する） of Monsieur De Perrouse. The astonishment of the French at seeing us, had not equalled that we had experienced, for it appeared, that in the course of their voyage they had touched at Kamschatka, and by that means learnt that our 探検隊／遠征隊 was in contemplation. They dropped 錨，総合司会者 the next morning, just as we had got under 重さを計る to work out of the Bay, so that for the 現在の nothing more than salutations could pass between us.
Before I やめる Botany Bay, I shall relate the 観察s we were enabled to make during our short stay there; 同様に as those which our その後の visits to it from Port Jackson enabled us to 完全にする.
The Bay is very open, and 大いに exposed to the fury of the S.E. 勝利，勝つd, which, when they blow, 原因（となる） a 激しい and dangerous swell. It is of prodigious extent, the 主要な／長／主犯 arm, which takes a S.W. direction, 存在 not いっそう少なく, 含むing its windings, than twenty four miles from the capes which form the 入り口, によれば the 報告（する）／憶測 of the French officers, who took uncommon 苦痛s to 調査する it. At the distance of a league from the harbour’s mouth is a 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業, on which at low water, not more than fifteen feet are to be 設立する. Within this 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業, for many miles up the S.W. arm, is a 港／避難所, equal in every 尊敬（する）・点 to any hitherto known, and in which any number of ships might 錨，総合司会者, 安全な・保証するd from all 勝利，勝つd. The country around far 越えるs in richness of 国／地域 that about Cape Banks and Point Solander, though unfortunately they 似ている each other in one 尊敬（する）・点, a scarcity of fresh water.
We 設立する the natives tolerably 非常に／多数の as we 前進するd up the river, and even at the harbour’s mouth we had 推論する／理由 to 結論する the country more populous than Mr. Cook thought it. For on the 供給（する）’s arrival in the Bay on the 18th of the month, they were 組み立てる／集結するd on the beach of the south shore, to the number of not いっそう少なく than forty persons, shouting and making many uncouth 調印するs and gestures. This 外見 whetted curiosity to its 最大の, but as prudence forbade a few people to 投機・賭ける wantonly の中で so 広大な／多数の／重要な a number, and a party of only six men was 観察するd on the north shore, the 知事 すぐに proceeded to land on that 味方する, ーするために take 所有／入手 of his new 領土, and bring about an intercourse between its old and new masters. The boat in which his Excellency was, 列／漕ぐ／騒動d up the harbour, の近くに to the land, for some distance; the Indians keeping pace with her on the beach. At last an officer in the boat made 調印するs of a want of water, which it was 裁判官d would 示す his wish of 上陸. The natives 直接／まっすぐに comprehended what he 手配中の，お尋ね者, and pointed to a 位置／汚点／見つけ出す where water could be procured; on which the boat was すぐに 押し進めるd in, and a 上陸 took place. As on the event of this 会合 might depend so much of our 未来 tranquillity, every delicacy on our 味方する was requisite. The Indians, though timorous, shewed no 調印するs of 憤慨 at the 知事’s going on shore; an interview 開始するd, in which the 行為／行う of both parties pleased each other so much, that the strangers returned to their ships with a much better opinion of the natives than they had landed with; and the latter seemed 高度に entertained with their new 知識, from whom they condescended to 受託する of a looking glass, some beads, and other toys.
借りがあるing to the lateness of our arrival, it was not my good fortune to go on shore until three days after this had happened, when I went with a party to the south 味方する of the harbour, and had scarcely landed five minutes, when we were met by a dozen Indians, naked as at the moment of their birth, walking along the beach. Eager to come to a 会議／協議会, and yet afraid of giving offence, we 前進するd with 警告を与える に向かって them, nor would they, at first approach nearer to us than the distance of some paces. Both parties were 武装した; yet an attack seemed as ありそうもない on their part, as we knew it to be on our own.
I had at this time a little boy, of not more than seven years of age, in my 手渡す. The child seemed to attract their attention very much, for they frequently pointed to him and spoke to each other; and as he was not 脅すd, I 前進するd with him に向かって them, at the same time 明らかにするing his bosom and, shewing the whiteness of the 肌. On the cloaths 存在 除去するd, they gave a loud exclamation, and one of the party, an old man, with a long 耐えるd, hideously ugly, （機の）カム の近くに to us. I bade my little 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 not to be afraid, and introduced him to the 知識 of this uncouth personage. The Indian, with 広大な／多数の／重要な gentleness, laid his 手渡す on the child’s hat, and afterwards felt his cloaths, muttering to himself all the while. I 設立する it necessary, however, by this time to send away the child, as such a の近くに 関係 rather alarmed him; and in this, as the 結論 立証するd, I gave no offence to the old gentleman. Indeed it was but putting ourselves on a par with them, as I had 観察するd from the first, that some 青年s of their own, though かなり older than the one with us, were, kept 支援する by the grown people.
Several more now （機の）カム up, to whom, we made さまざまな 現在のs, but our toys seemed not to be regarded as very 価値のある; nor would they for a long time make any returns to them, though before we parted, a large club, with a 長，率いる almost 十分な to fell an ox, was 得るd in 交流 for a looking-glass. These people seemed at a loss to know (probably from our want of 耐えるd) of what sex we were, which having understood, they burst into the most immoderate fits of laughter, talking to each other at the same time with such rapidity and vociferation as I had never before heard. After nearly an hour’s conversation by 調印するs and gestures, they repeated several times the word whurra, which signifies, begone, and walked away from us to the 長，率いる of the Bay.
The natives 存在 出発／死d, we 始める，決める out to 観察する the country, which, on 査察, rather disappointed our hopes, 存在 invariably sandy and unpromising for the 目的s of cultivation, though the trees and grass 繁栄する in 広大な／多数の／重要な luxuriancy. の近くに to us was the spring at which Mr. Cook watered, but we did not think the water very excellent, nor did it run 自由に. In the evening we returned on board, not 大いに pleased with the latter part of our 発見s, as it 示すd an 増加する of those difficulties, which before seemed 十分に 非常に／多数の.
Between this and our 出発 we had several more interviews with the natives, which ended in so friendly a manner, that we began to entertain strong hopes of bringing about a 関係 with them. Our first 反対する was to 勝利，勝つ their affections, and our next to 納得させる them of the 優越 we 所有するd: for without the latter, the former we knew would be of little importance.
An officer one day 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd on one of them to place a 的, made of bark, against a tree, which he 解雇する／砲火／射撃d at with a ピストル, at the distance of some paces. The Indians, though terrified at the 報告（する）／憶測, did not run away, but their astonishment 越えるd their alarm, on looking at the 保護物，者 which the ball had perforated. As this produced a little shyness, the officer, to dissipate their 恐れるs and 除去する their jealousy, whistled the 空気／公表する of Malbrooke, which they appeared 高度に charmed with, and imitated him with equal 楽しみ and 準備完了. I cannot help 発言／述べるing here, what I was afterwards told by Monsieur De Perrouse, that the natives of California, and throughout all the islands of the 太平洋の Ocean, and in short wherever he had been, seemed 平等に touched and delighted with this little plaintive 空気／公表する.
The taking 所有／入手 of Port Jackson, with the Disembarkation of the 海洋s and 罪人／有罪を宣告するs
Our passage to Port Jackson took up but few hours, and those were spent far from unpleasantly. The evening was 有望な, and the prospect before us such as might 正当化する sanguine 期待. Having passed between the capes which form its 入り口, we 設立する ourselves in a port superior, in extent and excellency, to all we had seen before. We continued to run up the harbour about four miles, in a westerly direction, enjoying the luxuriant prospect of its shores, covered with trees to the water’s 辛勝する／優位, の中で which many of the Indians were frequently seen, till we arrived at a small snug cove on the southern 味方する, on whose banks the 計画（する） of our 操作／手術s was 運命にあるd to 開始する.
The 上陸 of a part of the 海洋s and 罪人／有罪を宣告するs took place the next day, and on the に引き続いて, the 残りの人，物 was disembarked. 商売／仕事 now sat on every brow, and the scene, to an indifferent 観客, at leisure to 熟視する／熟考する it, would have been 高度に picturesque and amusing. In one place, a party cutting 負かす／撃墜する the 支持を得ようと努めるd; a second, setting up a blacksmith’s (1)偽造する／(2)徐々に進む; a third, dragging along a 負担 of 石／投石するs or 準備／条項s; here an officer pitching his marquee, with a detachment of 軍隊／機動隊s parading on one 味方する of him, and a cook’s 解雇する／砲火／射撃 炎ing up on the other. Through the unwearied diligence of those at the 長，率いる of the different departments, regularity was, however, soon introduced, and, as far as the unsettled 明言する／公表する of 事柄s would 許す, 混乱 gave place to system.
Into the 長，率いる of the cove, on which our 設立 is 直す／買収する，八百長をするd, runs a small stream of fresh water, which serves to divide the 隣接する country to a little distance, in the direction of north and south. On the eastern 味方する of this rivulet the 知事 直す／買収する，八百長をするd his place of 住居, with a large 団体／死体 of 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 野営するd 近づく him; and on the western 味方する was 性質の／したい気がして the remaining part of these people, 近づく the 海洋 野営. From this last two guards, consisting of two subalterns, as many serjeants, four corporals, two drummers, and forty-two 私的な men, under the orders of a Captain of the day, to whom all 報告（する）／憶測s were made, daily 機動力のある for the public 安全, with such directions to use 軍隊, in 事例／患者 of necessity, as left no room for those who were the 反対する of the order, but to remain peaceable, or 死なせる／死ぬ by the bayonet.
As the straggling of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs was not only a desertion from the public 労働, but might be …に出席するd with ill consequences to the 解決／入植地, in 事例／患者 of their 会合 the natives, every care was taken to 妨げる it. The Provost 戦争の with his men was ordered to patrole the country around, and the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 知らせるd, that the severest 罰 would be （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるd on transgressors. In spite, however, of all our 警戒s, they soon 設立する the road to Botany Bay, in visits to the French, who would 喜んで have dispensed with their company.
But as severity alone was known to be 不十分な at once to chastize and 改革（する）, no 適切な時期 was omitted to 保証する the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, that by their good behaviour and submissive deportment, every （人命などを）奪う，主張する to 現在の distinction and 未来 favour was to be earned. That this 警告を与える was not …に出席するd with all the good 影響s which were hoped from it, I have only to lament; that it operated in some 事例／患者s is indisputable; nor will a candid and humane mind fail to consider and 許す for the 状況／情勢 these unfortunate 存在s so peculiarly stood in. While they were on board ship, the two sexes had been kept most rigorously apart; but, when landed, their 分離 became impracticable, and would have been, perhaps, wrong. Licentiousness was the 避けられない consequence, and their old habits of depravity were beginning to recur. What was to be 試みる／企てるd? To 妨げる their intercourse was impossible; and to palliate its evils only remained. Marriage was recommended, and such advantages held out to those who 目的（とする）d at reformation, as have 大いに 与える／捧げるd to the tranquillity of the 解決／入植地.
On the Sunday after our 上陸 divine service was 成し遂げるd under a 広大な／多数の／重要な tree, by the Rev. Mr. Johnson, Chaplain of the 解決／入植地, in the presence of the 軍隊／機動隊s and 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, whose behaviour on the occasion was 平等に 正規の／正選手 and attentive. In the course of our passage this had been repeated every Sunday, while the ships were in port; and in 新規加入 to it, Mr. Johnson had furnished them with 調書をとる／予約するs, at once tending to 促進する 指示／教授／教育 and piety.
The Indians for a little while after our arrival paid us たびたび（訪れる） visits, but in a few days they were 観察するd to be more shy of our company. From what 原因（となる） their distaste arose we never could trace, as we had made it our 熟考する／考慮する, on these occasions, to 扱う／治療する them with 親切, and 負担 them with 現在のs. No quarrel had happened, and we had flattered ourselves, from 知事 Phillip’s first 歓迎会 の中で them, that such a 関係 might be 設立するd as would tend to the 利益／興味 of both parties. It seems, that on that occasion, they not only received our people with 広大な／多数の／重要な 真心, but so far 定評のある their 当局 as to 服従させる／提出する, that a 境界, during their first interview, might be drawn on the sand, which they 試みる／企てるd not to （規則などを）破る／侵害する, and appeared to be 満足させるd with.
The reading of the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限s, and taking 所有／入手 of the 解決／入植地, in form. With an Account of the 法廷，裁判所s of 法律, and 方式 of 治めるing Public 司法（官） in this Country
借りがあるing to the multiplicity of 圧力（をかける）ing 商売／仕事 necessary to be 成し遂げるd すぐに after 上陸, it was 設立する impossible to read the public （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限s and take 所有／入手 of the 植民地 in form, until the 7th of February. On that day all the officers of guard took 地位，任命する in the 海洋 大隊, which was drawn up, and marched off the parade with music playing, and colours 飛行機で行くing, to an 隣接するing ground, which had been （疑いを）晴らすd for the occasion, whereon the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs were 組み立てる／集結するd to hear His Majesty’s （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 read, 任命するing his Excellency Arthur Phillip, Esq. 知事 and Captain General in and over the 領土 of New South むちの跡s, and its dependencies; together with the 行為／法令／行動する of 議会 for 設立するing 裁判，公判s by 法律 within the same; and the 特許s under the 広大な／多数の／重要な 調印（する） of 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain, for 持つ／拘留するing the civil and 刑事裁判所s of judicature, by which all 事例／患者s of life and death, 同様に as 事柄s of 所有物／資産／財産, were to be decided. When the 裁判官 支持する had finished reading, his Excellency 演説（する）／住所d himself to the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs in a pointed and judicious speech, 知らせるing them of his 未来 意向s, which were, invariably to 心にいだく and （判決などを）下す happy those who shewed a disposition to 改正; and to let the rigour of the 法律 take its course against such as might dare to transgress the bounds 定める／命ずるd. At the の近くに three vollies were 解雇する／砲火／射撃d in honour of the occasion, and the 大隊 marched 支援する to their parade, where they were reviewed by the 知事, who was received with all the honours 予定 to his 階級. His Excellency was afterwards pleased to thank them, in public orders, for their behaviour from the time of their embarkation; and to ask the officers to partake of a 冷淡な collation at which it is 不十分な necessary to 観察する, that many loyal and public toasts were drank in 記念 of the day.
In the 知事’s （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限, the extent of this 当局 is defined to reach from the latitude of 43 deg 49 min south, to the latitude of 10 deg 37 min south, 存在 the northern and southern extremities of the continent of New Holland. It 開始するs again at 135th degree of longitude east of Greenwich, and, 訴訟／進行 in an easterly direction, 含むs all islands within the 限界s of the above 明示するd latitudes in the 太平洋の Ocean. By this partition it may be 公正に／かなり 推定するd, that every source of 未来 litigation between the Dutch and us will be for ever 削減（する） off, as the 発見s of English 航海士s alone are comprized in this 領土.
Nor have 政府 been more backward in arming Mr. Phillip with plenitude of 力／強力にする, than extent of dominion. No について言及する is made of a 会議 to be 任命するd, so that he is left to 行為／法令／行動する 完全に from his own judgment. And as no 明言する／公表するd time of 組み立てる／集結するing the 法廷，裁判所s of 司法（官） is pointed out, 類似の to the assizes and gaol 配達／演説／出産s of England, the duration of 監禁，拘置 is altogether in his 手渡すs. The 力／強力にする of 召喚するing General 法廷，裁判所s 戦争の to 会合，会う he is also 投資するd with, but the insertion in the 海洋 反乱（を起こす） 行為／法令／行動する, of a smaller number of officers than thirteen 存在 able to compose such a 法廷, has been neglected: so that a 軍の 法廷，裁判所, should detachments be made from （警察，軍隊などの）本部, or sickness 勝つ／広く一帯に広がる, may not always be 設立する practicable to be 得るd, unless the number of officers, at 現在の in the 解決／入植地, shall be 増加するd.
Should the 知事 see 原因（となる）, he is enabled to 認める 容赦s to 違反者／犯罪者s 罪人／有罪を宣告するd, “in all 事例／患者s whatever, 背信 and wilful 殺人 excepted,” and even in these, has 当局 to stay the 死刑執行 of the 法律, until the King’s 楽しみ shall be 示す. In 事例／患者 of the 知事’s death, the 中尉／大尉／警部補 知事 takes his place; and on his demise, the 上級の officer on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す is authorised to assume the reins of 力／強力にする.
Notwithstanding the 約束s made on one 味方する, and the forbearance shewn on the other, joined to the 差し迫った 棒 of 司法（官）, it was with infinite 悔いる that every one saw, in four days afterwards, the necessity of 組み立てる／集結するing a 犯罪の 法廷，裁判所, which was accordingly 会を召集するd by 令状 from the 知事, and consisted of the 裁判官 支持する, who 統括するd, three 海軍の, and three 海洋 officers.
As the 憲法 of this 法廷，裁判所 is altogether new in the British annals, I hope my reader will not think me prolix in the description I am about to give of it. The number of members, 含むing the 裁判官 支持する, is 限られた／立憲的な, by 行為／法令／行動する of 議会, to seven, who are expressly ordered to be officers, either of His Majesty’s sea or land 軍隊s. The 法廷，裁判所 存在 met, 完全に arrayed and 武装した as at a 軍の 法廷, the 裁判官 支持する proceeds to 治める the usual 誓いs taken by jurymen in England to each member; one of whom afterwards 断言するs him in a like manner. This 儀式 存在 adjusted, the 罪，犯罪 laid to the 囚人’s 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 is read to him, and the question of 有罪の, or Not 有罪の, put. No 法律 officer on the 味方する of the 栄冠を与える 存在 任命するd, (for I 推定する the 長，率いる of the 法廷，裁判所 ought hardly to consider himself in that light, notwithstanding the 肩書を与える he 耐えるs) to 起訴する the 犯罪の is left 完全に to the party, at whose 控訴 he is tried. All the 証言，証人／目撃するs are 診察するd on 誓い, and the 決定／判定勝ち（する） is directed to be given によれば the 法律s of England, “or as nearly as may be, 許すing for the circumstances and 状況／情勢 of the 解決／入植地,” by a 大多数 of 投票（する）s, beginning with the youngest member, and ending with the 大統領，／社長 of the 法廷，裁判所. In 事例／患者s, however, of a 資本／首都 nature, no 判決 can be given, unless five, at least, of the seven members 現在の 同意する therein. The 証拠 on both 味方するs 存在 finished, and the 囚人’s defence heard, the 法廷，裁判所 is （疑いを）晴らすd, and, on the 裁判／判断 存在 settled, is thrown open again, and 宣告，判決 pronounced. During the time the 法廷，裁判所 sits, the place in which it is 組み立てる／集結するd is directed to be surrounded by a guard under 武器, and admission to every one who may choose to enter it, 認めるd. Of late, however, our colonists are supposed to be in such a train of subordination, as to make the presence of so large a 軍の 軍隊 unnecessary; and two centinels, in 新規加入 to the Provost 戦争の, are considered as 十分な.
It would be as needless, as impertinent, to 心配する the reflections which will arise in reading the above account, wherein a regard to 正確 only has been 協議するd. By comparing it with the 方式 of 治めるing 司法（官） in the English 法廷，裁判所s of 法律, it will be 設立する to 異なる in many points very essentially. And if we turn our 注目する，もくろむs to the usage of 軍の 法廷s, it no いっそう少なく 出発／死s from the customs 観察するd in them. Let not the novelty of it, however, prejudice any one so far as to 論争 its efficacy, and the necessity of the 事例／患者 which gave it birth.
The 法廷，裁判所, whose 会合 is already spoken of, proceeded to the 裁判，公判 of three 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, one of whom was 罪人／有罪を宣告するd of having struck a 海洋 with a cooper’s adze, and さもなければ behaving in a very riotous and scandalous manner, for which he was 宣告，判決d to receive one hundred and fifty 攻撃するs, 存在 a smaller 罰 than a 兵士 in a like 事例／患者 would have 苦しむd from the 裁判／判断 of a 法廷，裁判所 戦争の. A second, for having committed a petty 窃盗, was sent to a small barren island, and kept there on bread and water only, for a week. And the third was 宣告，判決d to receive fifty 攻撃するs, but was recommended by the 法廷，裁判所 to the 知事, and forgiven.
Hitherto, however, (February) nothing of a very atrocious nature had appeared. But the day was at 手渡す, on which the 違反 of public 安全 could no longer be 抑制するd, by the infliction of 一時的な 罰. A 始める，決める of desperate and 常習的な villains leagued themselves for the 目的s of depredation, and, as it 一般に happens, had art enough to 説得する some others, いっそう少なく 深く，強烈に 詩（を作る）d in iniquity, to be the 器具s for carrying it on. Fortunately the 進歩 of these miscreants was not of long duration. They were （悪事，秘密などを）発見するd in stealing a large 量 of 準備／条項s at the time of 問題／発行するing them. And on 存在 apprehended, one of the 道具s of the superiors 弾こうするd the 残り／休憩（する）, and 公表する／暴露するd the 計画／陰謀. The 裁判，公判 （機の）カム on the 28th of the month, and of four who were arraigned for the offence, three were 非難するd to die, and the fourth to receive a very 厳しい corporal 罰. In hopes that his lenity would not be 乱用d, his Excellency was, however, pleased to order one only for 死刑執行, which took place a little before sun-始める，決める the same day. The 指名する of the unhappy wretch was Thomas Barret, an old and desperate 違反者／犯罪者, who died with that hardy spirit, which too often is 設立する in the worst and most abandoned class of men. During the 死刑執行 the 大隊 of 海洋s was under 武器, and the whole of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs 強いるd to be 現在の. The two associates of the 苦しんでいる人 were ordered to be kept の近くに 囚人s, until an 適格の place to banish them to could be 直す／買収する，八百長をするd on; as were also two more, who on the に引き続いて day were 非難するd to die for a 類似の offence.
Besides the 刑事裁判所, there is an inferior one composed of the 裁判官 支持する, and one or more 司法（官）s of the peace, for the 裁判，公判 of small misdemeanours. This 法廷，裁判所 is likewise 権力を与えるd to decide all 告訴s, and its 判決 is final, except where the sum in 論争 量s to more than three hundred 続けざまに猛撃するs, in which 事例／患者 an 控訴，上告 to England can be made from its 法令. Should necessity 令状 it, an Admiralty 法廷，裁判所, of which 中尉／大尉／警部補 知事 Ross is 裁判官, can also be 召喚するd, for the 裁判，公判 of offences committed on the high seas.
From 存在 unwilling to break the thread of my narrative, I omitted to 公式文書，認める in its proper place the sailing of the ‘供給（する）’, Lieut. Ball, on the 15th of the month, for Norfolk Island, which the 知事 had 指示／教授／教育s from the 省 to take 所有／入手 of. Lieut. King of the Sirius was sent as superintendent and commandant of this place, and carried with him a 外科医, a midshipman, a sawyer, a weaver, two 海洋s, and sixteen 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, of whom six were women. He was also 供給（する）d with a 確かな number of live animals to 在庫／株 the island, besides garden seeds, 穀物, and other requisites.
A Description of the Natives of New South むちの跡s, and our 処理／取引s with them
I 疑問 not my readers will be as glad as I feel myself, to 結論する the dull 詳細（に述べる） of the last 一時期／支部. If they please, they may turn from the subtle intricacies of the 法律, to 熟視する／熟考する the simple, undisguised workings of nature, in her most artless colouring.
I have already said, we had been but very few days at Port Jackson, when an alteration in the behaviour of the natives was perceptible; and I wish I could 追加する, that a longer 住居 in their neighbourhood had introduced a greater degree of 真心 and intermixture between the old, and new, lords of the 国／地域, than at the day on which this 出版（物） is 時代遅れの subsists.
From their 平易な 歓迎会 of us in the beginning, many were induced to call in question the accounts which Mr. Cook had given of this people. That celebrated 航海士, we were willing to believe, had somehow by his 行為／行う 感情を害する／違反するd them, which 妨げるd the intercourse that would さもなければ have taken place. The result, however, of our repeated endeavours to induce them to come の中で us has been such as to 確認する me in an opinion, that they either 恐れる or despise us too much, to be anxious for a closer 関係. And I beg leave at once, to apprize the reader, that all I can here, or in any 未来 part of this work, relate with fidelity of the natives of New South むちの跡s, must be made up of detached 観察s, taken at different times, and not from a 正規の／正選手 一連の knowledge of the customs and manners of a people, with whom 適切な時期s of communication are so 不十分な, as to have been seldom 得るd.
In their persons, they are far from 存在 a stout race of men, though nimble, sprightly, and vigorous. The 欠陥／不足 of one of the fore teeth of the upper jaw, について言及するd by Dampier, we have seen in almost the whole of the men; but their 組織／臓器s of sight so far from 存在 欠陥のある, as that author について言及するs those of the inhabitants of the western 味方する of the continent to be, are remarkably quick and piercing. Their colour, Mr. Cook is inclined to think rather a 深い chocolate, than an 絶対の 黒人／ボイコット, though he 自白するs, they have the 外見 of the latter, which he せいにするs to the greasy filth their 肌s are 負担d with. Of their want of cleanliness we have had 十分な proofs, but I am of opinion, all the washing in the world would not （判決などを）下す them two degrees いっそう少なく 黒人／ボイコット than an African negro. At some of our first interviews, we had several droll instances of their mistaking the Africans we brought with us for their own countrymen.
Notwithstanding the 無視（する） they have invariably shewn for all the finery we could deck them with, they are fond of adorning themselves with scars, which 増加する their natural hideousness. It is hardly possible to see any thing in human 形態／調整 more ugly, than one of these savages thus scarified, and さらに先に ornamented with a fish bone struck through the gristle of the nose. The custom of daubing themselves with white earth is also たびたび（訪れる） の中で both sexes: but, unlike the inhabitants of the Islands in the 太平洋の Ocean, they 拒絶する the beautiful feathers which the birds of their country afford.
排除的 of their 武器s of offence, and a few 石／投石する hatchets very rudely fashioned, their ingenuity is 限定するd to 製造業の small 逮捕するs, in which they put the fish they catch, and to fish-hooks made of bone, neither of which are unskilfully 遂行する／発効させるd. On many of the 激しく揺するs are also to be 設立する delineations of the 人物／姿／数字s of men and birds, very 貧しく 削減（する）.
Of the use or 利益 of cloathing, these people appear to have no comprehension, though their sufferings from the 気候 they live in, 堅固に point out the necessity of a covering from the rigour of the seasons. Both sexes, and those of all ages, are invariably 設立する naked. But it must not be inferred from this, that custom so 慣れさせるs them to the changes of the elements, as to make them 耐える with 無関心／冷淡 the extremes of heat and 冷淡な; for we have had 明白な and repeated proofs, that the latter 影響する／感情s them 厳しく, when they are seen shivering, and 密談する／（身体を）寄せ集めるing themselves up in heaps in their huts, or the caverns of the 激しく揺するs, until a 解雇する／砲火／射撃 can be kindled.
Than these huts nothing more rude in construction, or deficient in conveniency, can be imagined. They consist only of pieces of bark laid together in the form of an oven, open at one end, and very low, though long enough for a man to 嘘（をつく） at 十分な length. There is 推論する／理由, however, to believe, that they depend いっそう少なく on them for 避難所, than on the caverns with which the 激しく揺するs abound.
To cultivation of the ground they are utter strangers, and wholly depend for food on the few fruits they gather; the roots they dig up in the 押し寄せる／沼地s; and the fish they 選ぶ up along shore, or contrive to strike from their canoes with spears. Fishing, indeed, seems to engross nearly the whole of their time, probably from its forming the 長，指導者 part of a subsistence, which, 観察 has 納得させるd us, nothing short of the most painful 労働, and unwearied assiduity, can procure. When fish are 不十分な, which frequently happens, they often watch the moment of our 運ぶ／漁獲高ing the seine, and have more than once been known to plunder its contents, in spite of the 対立 of those on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す to guard it: and this even after having received a part of what had been caught. The only 資源 at these times is to shew a musquet, and if the 明らかにする sight is not 十分な, to 解雇する／砲火／射撃 it over their 長，率いるs, which has seldom failed of 分散させるing them hitherto, but how long the terror which it excites may continue is doubtful.
The canoes in which they fish are as despicable as their huts, 存在 nothing more than a large piece of bark tied up at both ends with vines. Their dexterous 管理／経営 of them, 追加するd to the swiftness with which they paddle, and the boldness that leads them several miles in the open sea, are, にもかかわらず, 高度に deserving of 賞賛. A canoe is seldom seen without a 解雇する／砲火／射撃 in it, to dress the fish by, as soon as caught: 解雇する／砲火／射撃 they procure by attrition.
From their manner of 配置する／処分する／したい気持ちにさせるing of those who die, which will be について言及するd hereafter, 同様に as from every other 観察, there seems no 推論する／理由 to suppose these people cannibals; nor do they ever eat animal 実体s in a raw 明言する／公表する, unless 圧力（をかける）d by extreme hunger, but indiscriminately broil them, and their vegetables, on a 解雇する／砲火／射撃, which （判決などを）下すs these last an innocent food, though in their raw 明言する／公表する many of them are of a poisonous 質: as a poor 罪人／有罪を宣告する who unguardedly eat of them experienced, by 落ちるing a sacrifice in twenty-four hours afterwards. If bread be given to the Indians, they chew and spit it out again, seldom choosing to swallow it. Salt beef and pork they like rather better, but spirits they never could be brought to taste a second time.
The only 国内の animal they have is the dog, which in their language is called Dingo, and a good 取引，協定 似ているs the fox dog of England. These animals are 平等に shy of us, and 大（公）使館員d to the natives. One of them is now in the 所有／入手 of the 知事, and tolerably 井戸／弁護士席 reconciled to his new master. As the Indians see the dislike of the dogs to us, they are いつかs mischievous enough to 始める，決める them on 選び出す／独身 persons whom they chance to 会合，会う in the 支持を得ようと努めるd. A surly fellow was one day out 狙撃, when the natives 試みる／企てるd to コースを変える themselves in this manner at his expense. The man bore the teazing and gnawing of the dog at his heels for some time, but apprehending at length, that his patience might embolden them to use still さらに先に liberties, he turned 一連の会議、交渉／完成する and 発射 poor Dingo dead on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す: the owners of him 始める，決める off with the 最大の 探検隊／遠征隊.
There is no part of the behaviour of these people, that has puzzled us more, than that which relates to their women. Comparatively speaking we have seen but few of them, and those have been いつかs kept 支援する with every symptom of jealous sensibility; and いつかs 申し込む／申し出d with every 外見 of courteous familiarity. 用心深い, however, of alarming the feelings of the men on so tender a point, we have 絶えず made a 支配する of 扱う／治療するing the 女性（の）s with that distance and reserve, which we 裁判官d most likely to 除去する any impression they might have received of our ーするつもりであるing aught, which could give offence on so delicate a 支配する. And so successful have our endeavours been, that a quarrel on this 長，率いる has in no instance, that I know of, happened. The トン of 発言する／表明する of the women, which is pleasingly soft and feminine, forms a striking contrast to the rough guttural pronunciation of the men. Of the other charms of the ladies I shall be silent, though 司法（官） 強いるs me to について言及する, that, in the opinion of some amongst us, they shew a degree of timidity and bashfulness, which are, perhaps, inseparable from the 女性（の） character in its rudest 明言する／公表する. It is not a little singular, that the custom of cutting off the two lower 共同のs of the little finger of the left 手渡す, 観察するd in the Society Islands, is 設立する here の中で the women, who have for the most part undergone this amputation. Hitherto we have not been able to trace out the 原因（となる） of this usage. At first we supposed it to be peculiar to the married women, or those who had borne children; but this 結論 must have been erroneous, as we have no 権利 to believe that celibacy 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるs in any instance, and some of the oldest of the women are without this distinction; and girls of a very tender age are 示すd by it.
On first setting foot in the country, we were inclined to 持つ／拘留する the spears of the natives very cheap. 致命的な experience has, however, 納得させるd us, that the 負傷させる （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるd by this 武器 is not a trivial one; and that the 技術 of the Indians in throwing it, is far from despicable. Besides more than a dozen 罪人／有罪を宣告するs who have unaccountably disappeared, we know that two, who were 雇うd as 急ぐ 切断機，沿岸警備艇s up the harbour, were (from what 原因（となる） we are yet ignorant) most dreadfully mangled and butchered by the natives. A spear had passed 完全に through the thickest part of the 団体／死体 of one of them, though a very 強健な man, and the skull of the other was beaten in. Their 道具s were taken away, but some 準備／条項s which they had with them at the time of the 殺人, and their cloaths, were left untouched. In 新規加入 to this misfortune, two more 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, who were peaceably engaged in 選ぶing of greens, on a 位置／汚点／見つけ出す very remote from that where their comrades 苦しむd, were unawares attacked by a party of Indians, and before they could 影響 their escape, one of them was pierced by a spear in the hip, after which they knocked him 負かす／撃墜する, and plundered his cloaths. The poor wretch, though dreadfully 負傷させるd, made 転換 to はう off, but his companion was carried away by these barbarians, and his 運命／宿命 doubtful, until a 兵士, a few days afterwards, 選ぶd up his jacket and hat in a native’s hut, the latter pierced through by a spear. We have 設立する that these spears are not made invariably alike, some of them 存在 barbed like a fish gig, and others 簡単に pointed. In 修理ing them they are no いっそう少なく dexterous than in throwing them. A broken one 存在 given by a gentleman to an Indian, he 即時に snatched up an oyster-爆撃する, and 変えるd it with his teeth into a 道具 with which he presently fashioned the spear, and （判決などを）下すd it fit for use: in 成し遂げるing this 操作／手術, the 単独の of his foot served him as a work-board. Nor are their 武器s of offence 限定するd to the spear only, for they have besides long 木造の swords, 形態／調整d like a sabre, 有能な of （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるing a mortal 負傷させる, and clubs of an 巨大な size. Small 的s, made of the bark of trees, are likewise now and then to be seen の中で them.
From circumstances which have been 観察するd, we have いつかs been inclined to believe these people at war with each other. They have more than once been seen 組み立てる／集結するd, as if bent on an 探検隊／遠征隊. An officer one day met fourteen of them marching along in a 正規の／正選手 Indian とじ込み／提出する through the 支持を得ようと努めるd, each man 武装した with a spear in his 権利 手渡す, and a large 石／投石する in his left: at their 長，率いる appeared a 長，指導者, who was distinguished by 存在 painted. Though in the 割合 of five to one of our people they passed peaceably on.
That their 技術 in throwing the spear いつかs enables them to kill the kangaroo we have no 権利 to 疑問, as a long 後援 of this 武器 was taken out of the thigh of one of these animals, over which the flesh had 完全に の近くにd; but we have never discovered that they have any method of ensnaring them, or that they know any other beasts but the kangaroo and dog. Whatever animal is shewn them, a dog excepted, they call kangaroo: a strong presumption that the wild animals of the country are very few.
Soon after our arrival at Port Jackson, I was walking out 近づく a place where I 観察するd a party of Indians, busily 雇うd in looking at some sheep in an inclosure, and 繰り返して crying out, ‘kangaroo, kangaroo!’ As this seemed to afford them 楽しみ, I was willing to 増加する it by pointing out the horses and cows, which were at no 広大な／多数の／重要な distance. But unluckily, at the moment, some 女性（の） 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, 雇うd 近づく the place, made their 外見, and all my endeavours to コースを変える their attention from the ladies became fruitless. They 試みる／企てるd not, however, to 申し込む／申し出 them the least degree of 暴力／激しさ or 傷害, but stood at the distance of several paces, 表明するing very 意味ありげに the manner they were attracted.
It would be trespassing on the reader’s indulgence were I to 課す on him an account of any civil 規則s, or 法令／条例s, which may かもしれない 存在する の中で this people. I 宣言する to him, that I know not of any, and that excepting a little 支流 尊敬（する）・点 which the younger part appear to 支払う／賃金 those more 前進するd in years, I never could 観察する any degrees of subordination の中で them. To their 宗教的な 儀式s and opinions I am 平等に a stranger. Had an 適切な時期 申し込む／申し出d of seeing the 儀式s 観察するd at 配置する／処分する／したい気持ちにさせるing of the dead, perhaps, some insight might have been 伸び（る）d; but all that we at 現在の know with certainty is, that they 燃やす the 死体, and afterwards heap up the earth around it, somewhat in the manner of the small tumuli, 設立する in many 郡s of England.
I have already hinted, that the country is more populous than it was 一般に believed to be in Europe at the time of our sailing. But this 発言／述べる is not meant to be 延長するd to the 内部の parts of the continent, which there is every 推論する／理由 to 結論する from our 研究s, 同様に as from the manner of living practised by the natives, to be uninhabited. It appears as if some of the Indian families 限定する their society and 関係s within their own pale: but that this cannot always be the 事例／患者 we know; for on the north-west arm of Botany Bay stands a village, which 含む／封じ込めるs more than a dozen houses, and perhaps five times that number of people; 存在 the most かなりの 設立 that we are 熟知させるd with in the country. As a striking proof, besides, of the numerousness of the natives, I beg leave to 明言する／公表する, that 知事 Phillip, when on an excursion between the 長，率いる of this harbour and that of Botany Bay, once fell in with a party which consisted of more than three hundred persons, two hundred and twelve of whom were men: this happened only on the day に引き続いて the 殺人 of the two 罪人／有罪を宣告する 急ぐ 切断機，沿岸警備艇s, before noticed, and his Excellency was at the very time in search of the 殺害者s, on whom, could they have been 設立する, he ーするつもりであるd to （打撃，刑罰などを）与える a memorable and 模範的な 罰. The 会合 was 予期しない to both parties, and considering the 批判的な 状況／情勢 of 事件／事情／状勢s, perhaps not very pleasing to our 味方する, which consisted but of twelve persons, until the peaceable disposition of the Indians was manifest. After the strictest search the 知事 was 強いるd to return without having 伸び（る）d any （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）. The laudable perseverance of his Excellency to throw every light on this unhappy and mysterious 商売／仕事 did not, however stop here, for he 学校／設けるd the most rigorous 調査 to find out, if possible, whether the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs had at any time ill 扱う／治療するd or killed any of the natives; and さらに先に, 問題／発行するd a 布告／宣言, 申し込む／申し出ing the most tempting of all rewards, a 明言する／公表する of freedom, to him who should point out the 殺害者, in 事例／患者 such an one 存在するd.
I have thus impartially 明言する／公表するd the 状況／情勢 of 事柄s, as they stand, while I 令状, between the natives and us; that greater 進歩 in 大（公）使館員ing them to us has not been made, I have only to 悔いる; but that all 階級s of men have tried to 影響 it, by every reasonable 成果／努力 from which success might have been 推定する／予想するd, I can 証言する; nor can I omit 説, that in the higher 駅／配置するs this has been eminently 目だつ. The public orders of 知事 Phillip have invariably tended to 促進する such a behaviour on our 味方する, as was most likely to produce this much wished-for event. To what 原因（となる） then are we to せいにする the distance which the 業績／成就 of it appears at? I answer, to the fickle, jealous, wavering disposition of the people we have to を取り引きする, who, like all other savages, are either too indolent, too indifferent, or too fearful to form an attachment on 平易な 条件, with those who 異なる in habits and manners so 広範囲にわたって from themselves. Before I の近くに the 支配する, I cannot, however, omit to relate the に引き続いて ludicrous adventure, which かもしれない may be of greater use in 影響ing what we have so much at heart, than all our endeavours.
Some young gentlemen belonging to the Sirius one day met a native, an old man, in the 支持を得ようと努めるd; he had a 耐えるd of かなりの length, which his new 知識 gave him to understand, by signals, they would rid him of, if he pleased; stroaking their chins, and shewing him the smoothness of them at the same time; at length the old Indian 同意d, and one of the youngsters taking a penknife from his pocket, and making use of the best 代用品，人 for lather he could find, 成し遂げるd the 操作／手術 with 広大な／多数の／重要な success, and, as it 証明するd, much to the liking of the old man, who in a few days after reposed a 信用／信任 in us, of which we had hitherto known no example, by paddling along-味方する the Sirius in his canoe, and pointing to his 耐えるd. さまざまな arts were ineffectually tried to induce him to enter the ship; but as he continued to 拒絶する／低下する the 招待, a barber was sent 負かす／撃墜する into the boat along-味方する the canoe, from whence, leaning over the gunnel, he 従うd with the wish of the old beau, to his infinite satisfaction. In 新規加入 to the consequences which our sanguine hopes led us to 推定する／予想する from this 夜明けing of 真心, it affords proof, that the 耐えるd is considered by this people more as an incumbrance than a 示す of dignity.
The 出発 of the French from Botany Bay; and the Return of the ‘供給（する）’ from Norfolk Island; with a 発見 made by 中尉／大尉／警部補 Ball on his Passage to it
About the middle of the month our good friends the French 出発／死d from Botany Bay, in 起訴 of their voyage. During their stay in that port, the officers of the two nations had たびたび（訪れる） 適切な時期s of 証言するing their 相互の regard by visits, and every 交換 of friendship and esteem. These ships sailed from フラン, by order of the King, on the 1st of August, 1785, under the 命令（する） of Monsieur De Perrouse, an officer whose 著名な 資格s, we had 推論する／理由 to think, する権利を与える him to fill the highest 駅／配置するs. In England, 特に, he ought long to be remembered with 賞賛 and 感謝, for the humanity which 示すd his 行為／行う, when ordered to destroy our 解決／入植地 at Hudson’s Bay, in the last war. His second in 命令（する） was the Chevalier Clonard, an officer also of distinguished 長所.
In the course of the voyage these ships had been so unfortunate as to lose a boat, with many men and officers in her, off the west of California; and afterwards met with an 事故 still more to be regretted, at an island in the 太平洋の Ocean, discovered by Monsieur Bougainville, in the latitude of 14 deg 19 min south, longitude 173 deg 3 min 20 sec east of Paris. Here they had the misfortune to have no いっそう少なく than thirteen of their 乗組員s, の中で whom was the officer at that time second in 命令（する）, 削減（する） off by the natives, and many more 猛烈に 負傷させるd. To what 原因（となる） this cruel event was to be せいにするd, they knew not, as they were about to やめる the island after having lived with the Indians in the greatest harmony for several weeks; and 交流d, during the time, their European 商品／必需品s for the produce of the place, which they 述べる as filled with a race of people remarkable for beauty and comeliness; and abounding in refreshments of all 肉親，親類d.
It was no いっそう少なく gratifying to an English ear, than honourable to Monsieur De Perrouse, to 証言，証人／目撃する the feeling manner in which he always について言及するd the 指名する and talents of Captain Cook. That illustrious circumnavigator had, he said, left nothing to those who might follow in his 跡をつける to 述べる, or fill up. As I 設立する, in the course of conversation, that the French ships had touched at the 挟む Islands, I asked M. De Perrouse what 歓迎会 he had met with there. His answer deserves to be known: “During the whole of our voyage in the South Seas, the people of the 挟む Islands were the only Indians who never gave us 原因（となる） of （民事の）告訴. They furnished us liberally with 準備／条項s, and 治めるd cheerfully to all our wants.” It may not be 妥当でない to 発言／述べる, that Owhyee was not one of the islands visited by this gentleman.
In the short stay made by these ships at Botany Bay, an Abbe, one of the naturalists on board, died, and was buried on the north shore. The French had hardly 出発／死d, when the natives pulled 負かす／撃墜する a small board, which had been placed over the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す where the 死体 was interred, and defaced everything around. On 存在 知らせるd of it, the 知事 sent a party over with orders to affix a plate of 巡査 on a tree 近づく the place, with the に引き続いて inscription on it, which is a copy of what was written on the board:
Hic jacet L. RECEVEUR, E.F.F. minnibus Galliae, Sacerdos, Physicus, in circumnavigatione mundi, Duce De La Perrouse. Obiit die 17 Februarii, anno 1788.
This 示す of respectful attention was more 特に 予定, from M. De Perrouse having, when at Kamschatka, paid a 類似の 尊敬の印 of 感謝 to the memory of Captain Clarke, whose tomb was 設立する in nearly as ruinous a 明言する／公表する as that of the Abbe.
Like ourselves, the French 設立する it necessary, more than once, to chastise a spirit of rapine and 侵入占拠 which 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd の中で the Indians around the Bay. The menace of pointing a musquet to them was frequently used; and in one or two instances it was 解雇する／砲火／射撃d off, though without 存在 …に出席するd with 致命的な consequences. Indeed the French commandant, both from a regard to the orders of his 法廷，裁判所 同様に as to our 静かな and 安全, shewed a moderation and forbearance on this 長，率いる 高度に becoming.
On the 20th of March, the ‘供給（する）’ arrived from Norfolk Island, after having 安全に landed 中尉／大尉／警部補 King and his little 守備隊. The pine-trees growing there are 述べるd to be of a growth and 高さ superior, perhaps, to any in the world. But the difficulty of bringing them away will not be easily surmounted, from the badness and danger of the 上陸 place. After the most exact search not a 選び出す／独身 工場／植物 of the New Zealand flax could be 設立する, though we had been taught to believe it abounded there.
中尉／大尉／警部補 Ball, in returning to Port Jackson, touched at a small island in latitude 31 deg 36 min south, longitude 159 deg 4 min east of Greenwich, which he had been fortunate enough to discover on his passage to Norfolk, and to which he gave the 指名する of Lord Howe’s Island. It is 完全に without inhabitants, or any traces of any having ever been there. But it happily abounds in what will be infinitely more important to the 植民／開拓者s on New South むちの跡s: green 海がめ of the finest 肉親，親類d たびたび（訪れる） it in the summer season. Of this Mr. Ball gave us some very handsome and 許容できる 見本／標本s on his return. Besides 海がめ, the island is 井戸／弁護士席 在庫／株d with birds, many of them so tame as to be knocked 負かす／撃墜する by the seamen with sticks. At the distance of four leagues from Lord Howe Island, and in latitude 31 deg 30 min south, longitude 159 deg 8 min east, stands a remarkable 激しく揺する, of かなりの 高さ, to which Mr. Ball gave the 指名する of Ball’s Pyramid, from the 形態／調整 it 耐えるs.
While the ‘供給（する）’ was absent, 知事 Phillip made an excursion to Broken Bay, a few leagues to the northward of Port Jackson, ーするために 調査する it. As a harbour it almost equals the latter, but the 隣接する country was 設立する so rocky and 明らかにする, as to 妨げる all 可能性 of turning it to account. Some rivulets of fresh water 落ちる into the 長，率いる of the Bay, forming a very picturesque scene. The Indians who live on its banks are 非常に／多数の, and behaved attentively in a variety of instances while our people remained の中で them.
処理／取引s at Port Jackson in the Months of April and May.
As winter was 急速な／放蕩な approaching, it became necessary to 安全な・保証する ourselves in ４半期/4分の1s, which might 保護物，者 us from the 冷淡な we were taught to 推定する／予想する in this 半球, though in so low a latitude. The erection of 兵舎 for the 兵士s was 事業／計画（する）d, and the 私的な men of each company undertook to build for themselves two 木造の houses, of sixty-eight feet in length, and twenty-three in breadth. To 今後 the design, several saw-炭坑，オーケストラ席s were すぐに 始める，決める to work, and four ship carpenters 大（公）使館員d to the 大隊, for the 目的 of directing and 完全にするing this necessary 請け負うing. In 起訴するing it, however, so many difficulties occurred, that we were fain to circumscribe our 初めの 意向; and, instead of eight houses, content ourselves with four. And even these, from the badness of the 木材／素質, the scarcity of artificers, and other 妨害s, are, at the day on which I 令状, so little 前進するd, that it will be 井戸／弁護士席, if at the の近くに of the year 1788, we shall be 設立するd in them. In the 一方／合間 the married people, by 訴訟／進行 on a more 契約d 規模, were soon under comfortable 避難所. Nor were the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs forgotten; and as leisure was frequently afforded them for the 目的, little edifices quickly multiplied on the ground allotted them to build upon.
But as these habitations were ーするつもりであるd by 知事 Phillip to answer only the exigency of the moment, the 計画（する） of the town was drawn, and the ground on which it is hereafter to stand 調査するd, and 示すd out. To proceed on a 狭くする, 限定するd 規模, in a country of the 広範囲にわたる 限界s we 所有する, would be unpardonable: extent of empire 需要・要求するs grandeur of design. That this has been our 見解（をとる） will be readily believed, when I tell the reader, that the 主要な／長／主犯 street in our 事業／計画（する）d city will be, when 完全にするd, agreeable to the 計画（する） laid 負かす／撃墜する, two hundred feet in breadth, and all the 残り／休憩（する） of a corresponding 割合. How far this will be …を伴ってd with 適する 派遣（する）, is another question, as the incredulous の中で us are いつかs hardy enough to 宣言する, that ten times our strength would not be able to finish it in as many years.
Invariably 意図 on 調査するing a country, from which curiosity 約束s so many gratifications, his Excellency about this time undertook an 探検隊／遠征隊 into the 内部の parts of the continent. His party consisted of eleven persons, who, after 存在 伝えるd by water to the 長，率いる of the harbour, proceeded in a westerly direction, to reach a chain of mountains, which in （疑いを）晴らす 天候 are discernible, though at an 巨大な distance, from some 高さs 近づく our 野営. With unwearied 産業 they continued to 侵入する the country for four days; but at the end of that time, finding the base of the mountain to be yet at the distance of more than twenty miles, and 準備／条項s growing 不十分な, it was 裁判官d 慎重な to return, without having 遂行するd the end for which the 探検隊／遠征隊 had been undertaken. To reward their toils, our adventurers had, however, the 楽しみ of discovering and 横断するing an 広範囲にわたる tract of ground, which they had 推論する／理由 to believe, from the 観察s they were enabled to make, 有能な of producing every thing, which a happy 国／地域 and genial 気候 can bring 前へ／外へ. In 新規加入 to this flattering 外見, the 直面する of the country is such, as to 約束 success whenever it shall be cultivated, the trees 存在 at a かなりの distance from each other, and the 中間の space filled, not with underwood, but a 厚い rich grass, growing in the 最大の luxuriancy. I must not, however, 隠す, that in this long march, our gentlemen 設立する not a 選び出す／独身 rivulet, but were under a necessity of 供給（する）ing themselves with water from standing pools, which they met with in the vallies, supposed to be formed by the rains that 落ちる at particular seasons of the year. Nor had they the good fortune to see any quadrupeds 価値（がある） notice, except a few kangaroos. To their 広大な／多数の／重要な surprize, they 観察するd indisputable 跡をつけるs of the natives having been lately there, though in their whole 大勝する 非，不，無 of them were to be seen; nor any means to be traced, by which they could procure subsistence so far from the sea shore.
On the 6th of May the ‘供給（する）’ sailed for Lord Howe Island, to take on board 海がめ for the 解決／入植地; but after waiting there several days was 強いるd to return without having seen one, 借りがあるing we apprehended to the 前進するd season of the year. Three of the 輸送（する）s also, which were engaged by the East India Company to proceed to 中国, to take on board a lading of tea, sailed about this time for Canton.
The 不成功の return of the ‘供給（する）’ cast a general damp on our spirits, for by this time fresh 準備／条項s were become scarcer than in a 封鎖d town. The little live 在庫／株, which with so 激しい an expense, and through so many difficulties, we had brought on shore, prudence forbade us to use; and fish, which on our arrival, and for a short time after had been tolerable plenty, were become so 不十分な, as to be rarely seen at the （米）棚上げする／（英）提議するs of the first の中で us. Had it not been for a 逸脱する kangaroo, which fortune now and then threw in our way, we should have been utter strangers to the taste of fresh food.
Thus 据えるd, the scurvy began its usual 荒廃させるs, and 延長するd its baneful 影響（力）, more or いっそう少なく, through all descriptions of persons. Unfortunately the esculent vegetable 生産／産物s of the country are neither plentiful, nor tend very effectually to 除去する this 病気. And, the ground we had turned up and 工場／植物d with garden seeds, either from the nature of the 国／地域, or, which is more probable, the lateness of the season, 産する／生じるd but a scanty and insufficient 供給（する） of what we stood so 大いに in need of.
During the period I am 述べるing, few enormous offences were （罪などを）犯すd by the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs. A こそどろ was now and then heard of, and a spirit of refractory sullenness broke out at times in some individuals: one 死刑執行 only, however, took place. The 苦しんでいる人, who was a very young man, was 罪人／有罪を宣告するd of a 押し込み強盗, and met his 運命／宿命 with a hardiness and insensibility, which the grossest ignorance, and most deplorable want of feeling, alone could 供給（する）.
From the Beginning of June, to the 出発 of the Ships for Europe
Hours of festivity, which under happier skies pass away unregarded, and are soon consigned to oblivion, acquire in this forlorn and distant circle a superior degree of 許容できる importance.
On the 周年記念日 of the King’s birthday all the officers not on 義務, both of the 守備隊 and his Majesty’s ships, dined with the 知事. On so joyful an occasion, the first too ever celebrated in our new 解決／入植地, it were needless to say, that loyal conviviality dictated every 感情, and 奮起させるd every guest. の中で other public toasts drank, was, 繁栄 to Sydney Cove, in Cumberland 郡, now 指名するd so by 当局. At day-light in the morning the ships of war had 解雇する／砲火／射撃d twenty-one guns each, which was repeated at noon, and answered by three vollies from the 大隊 of 海洋s.
Nor were the officers alone partakers of the general 緩和. The four unhappy wretches 労働ing under 宣告，判決 of banishment were 解放する／自由なd from their fetters, to 再結合させる their former society; and three days given as holidays to every 罪人／有罪を宣告する in the 植民地. 歓待 too, which ever acquires a 二塁打 relish by 存在 延長するd, was not forgotten on the 4th of June, when each 囚人, male and 女性（の）, received an allowance of grog; and every 非，不，無-（売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限d officer and 私的な 兵士 had the 栄誉（を受ける） of drinking 繁栄 to his 王室の master, in a pint of porter, served out at the 旗 staff, in 新規加入 to the customary allowance of spirits. Bonfires 結論するd the evening, and I am happy to say, that excepting a 選び出す／独身 instance which shall be taken notice of hereafter, no bad consequence, or unpleasant remembrance, flowed from an indulgence so amply bestowed.
About this time (June) an 事故 happened, which I 記録，記録的な／記録する with much 悔いる. The whole of our 黒人／ボイコット cattle, consisting of five cows and a bull, either from not 存在 適切に 安全な・保証するd, or from the 怠慢，過失 of those 任命するd to take care of them, 逸脱するd into the 支持を得ようと努めるd, and in spite of all the search we have been able to make, are not yet 設立する. As a 罪人／有罪を宣告する of the 指名する of Corbet, who was （刑事）被告 of a 窃盗, eloped nearly at the same time, it was at first believed, that he had taken the desperate 手段 of 運動ing off the cattle, ーするために subsist on them as long as possible; or perhaps to 配達する them to the natives. In this 不確定, parties to search were sent out in different directions; and the 逃亡者／はかないもの 宣言するd an 無法者, in 事例／患者 of not returning by a 直す／買収する，八百長をするd day. After much 苦悩 and 疲労，（軍の）雑役, those who had undertaken the 仕事 returned without finding the cattle. But on the 21st of the month, Corbet made his 外見 近づく a farm belonging to the 知事, and entreated a 罪人／有罪を宣告する, who happened to be on the 位置／汚点／見つけ出す, to give him some food, as he was 死なせる／死ぬing for hunger. The man 適用するd to, under pretence of fetching what he asked for, went away and すぐに gave the necessary （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）, in consequence of which a party under 武器 was sent out and apprehended him. When the poor wretch was brought in, he was 大いに emaciated and almost famished. But on proper restoratives 存在 治めるd, he was so far 回復するd by the 24th, as to be able to stand his 裁判，公判, when he pleaded 有罪の to the 強盗 with which he stood 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d, and received 宣告，判決 of death. In the course of repeated examinations it plainly appeared, he was an utter stranger to the place where the cattle might be, and was in no 形態／調整 関心d in having driven them off.
Samuel Peyton, 罪人／有罪を宣告する, for having on the evening of the King’s birth-day broke open an officer’s marquee, with an 意図 to commit 強盗, of which he was fully 罪人／有罪を宣告するd, had 宣告，判決 of death passed on him at the same time as Corbet; and on the に引き続いて day they were both 遂行する／発効させるd, 自白するing the justness of their 運命／宿命, and imploring the forgiveness of those whom they had 負傷させるd. Peyton, at the time of his 苦しむing, was but twenty years of age, the greatest part of which had been invariably passed in the （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 of 罪，犯罪s, that at length 終結させるd in his ignominious end. The に引き続いて letter, written by a fellow 罪人／有罪を宣告する to the 苦しんでいる人’s unhappy mother, I shall make no 陳謝 for 現在のing to the reader; it affords a melancholy proof, that not the ignorant and untaught only have 刺激するd the 司法（官） of their country to banish them to this remote 地域.
Sydney Cove, Port Jackson, New South むちの跡s, 24th June, 1788.
“My and honoured mother!
“With a heart 抑圧するd by the keenest sense of anguish, and too much agitated by the idea of my very melancholy 条件, to 表明する my own 感情s, I have 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd on the goodness of a commiserating friend, to do me the last sad office of 熟知させるing you with the dreadful 運命／宿命 that を待つs me.
“My mother! with what agony of soul do I dedicate the few last moments of my life, to 企て，努力，提案 you an eternal adieu! my doom 存在 irrevocably 直す／買収する，八百長をするd, and ere this hour to-morrow I shall have quitted this vale of wretchedness, to enter into an unknown and endless eternity. I will not 苦しめる your tender maternal feelings by any long comment on the 原因（となる） of my 現在の misfortune. Let it therefore 十分である to say, that impelled by that strong propensity to evil, which neither the virtuous precepts nor example of the best of parents could eradicate, I have at length fallen an unhappy, though just, 犠牲者 to my own follies.
“Too late I 悔いる my inattention to your admonitions, and feel myself sensibly 影響する／感情d by the remembrance of the many anxious moments you have passed on my account. For these, and all my other transgressions, however 広大な／多数の／重要な, I supplicate the Divine forgiveness; and encouraged by the 約束s of that Saviour who died for us all, I 信用 to receive that mercy in the world to come, which my offences have 奪うd me of all hope, or 期待 of, in this. The affliction which this will cost you, I hope the Almighty will enable you to 耐える. Banish from your memory all my former indiscretions, and let the 元気づける hope of a happy 会合 hereafter, console you for my loss. 心から penitent for my sins; sensible of the 司法（官） of my 有罪の判決 and 宣告，判決, and 堅固に relying on the 長所s of a Blessed Redeemer, I am at perfect peace with all mankind, and 信用 I shall yet experience that peace, which this world cannot give. Commend my soul to the Divine mercy. I 企て，努力，提案 you an eternal 別れの（言葉，会）.
“Your
unhappy dying Son,
“SAMUEL
PEYTON.”
After this nothing occurred with which I think it necessary to trouble the reader. The contents of the に引き続いて 一時期／支部s could not, I conceive, be so 適切に interwoven in the 団体／死体 of the work; I have, therefore, 割り当てるd them a place by themselves, with a 見解（をとる） that the 結論s 可決する・採択するd in them may be more 堅固に 施行するd on the minds of those, to whom they are more 特に 演説（する）／住所d.
The 直面する of the Country; its 生産／産物s, 気候, &c.
To the geographical knowledge of this country, 供給（する）d by Captain Cook, and Captain Furneaux, we are able to 追加する nothing. The latter 調査するd the coast from 先頭 Diemen’s land to the latitude of 39 deg south; and Cook from Point Hicks, which lies in 37 deg 58 min, to Endeavour Streights. The 中間の space between the end of Furneaux’s 発見 and Point Hicks, is, therefore, the only part of the south-east coast unknown, and it so happened on our passage thither, 借りがあるing to the 天候, which forbade any part of the ships engaging with the shore, that we are unable to pronounce whether, or not, a streight intersects the continent hereabouts: though I beg leave to say, that I have been 知らせるd by a 海軍の friend, that when the (n)艦隊／(a)素早い was off this part of the coast, a strong 始める，決める-off shore was plainly felt.
At the distance of 60 miles inland, a prodigious chain of lofty mountains runs nearly in a north and south direction, その上の than the 注目する，もくろむ can trace them. Should nothing 介入する to 妨げる it, the 知事 ーするつもりであるs, すぐに, to 調査する their 首脳会議s: and, I think there can be little 疑問, that his curiosity will not go unrewarded. If large rivers do 存在する in the country, which some of us are almost 懐疑的な enough to 疑問, their sources must arise まっただ中に these hills; and the direction they run in, for a かなりの distance, must be either 予定 north, or 予定 south. For it is strikingly singular that three such noble harbours as Botany Bay, Port Jackson, and Broken Bay, alike end in shallows and 押し寄せる／沼地s, filled with mangroves.
The general 直面する of the country is certainly pleasing, 存在 diversified with gentle ascents, and little winding vallies, covered for the most part with large spreading trees, which afford a succession of leaves in all seasons. In those places where trees are 不十分な, a variety of flowering shrubs abound, most of them 完全に new to an European, and より勝るing in beauty, fragrance, and number, all I ever saw in an uncultivated 明言する／公表する: の中で these, a tall shrub, 耐えるing an elegant white flower, which smells like English May, is 特に delightful, and perfumes the 空気／公表する around to a 広大な／多数の／重要な distance. The 種類 of trees are few, and, I am 関心d to 追加する, the 支持を得ようと努めるd universally of so bad a 穀物, as almost to 妨げる a 可能性 of using it: the 増加する of 労働 occasioned by this in our buildings has been such, as nearly to 越える belief. These trees 産する／生じる a profusion of 厚い red gum (not unlike the ‘sanguis draconis’) which is 設立する serviceable in 薬／医学, 特に in dysenteric （民事の）告訴s, where it has いつかs 後継するd, when all other 準備s have failed. To blunt its acrid 質s, it is usual to 連合させる it with opiates.
The nature of the 国／地域 is さまざまな. That すぐに 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Sydney Cove is sandy, with here and there a stratum of clay. From the sand we have yet been able to draw very little; but there seems no 推論する／理由 to 疑問, that many large tracts of land around us will bring to perfection whatever shall be sown in them. To give this 事柄 a fair 裁判，公判, some practical 農業者s 有能な of such an 請け負うing should be sent out; for the 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs we have chosen for 実験s in 農業, in which we can 不十分な be supposed adepts, have hitherto but ill repaid our toil, which may be imputable to our having chosen such as are unfavourable for our 目的.
Except from the size of the trees, the difficulties of （疑いを）晴らすing the land are not 非常に／多数の, underwood 存在 rarely 設立する, though the country is not 絶対 without it. Of the natural meadows which Mr. Cook について言及するs 近づく Botany Bay, we can give no account; 非，不，無 such 存在する about Port Jackson. Grass, however, grows in every place but the 押し寄せる／沼地s with the greatest vigour and luxuriancy, though it is not of the finest 質, and is 設立する to agree better with horses and cows than sheep. A few wild fruits are いつかs procured, の中で which is the small purple apple について言及するd by Cook, and a fruit which has the 外見 of a grape, though in taste more like a green gooseberry, 存在 過度に sour: probably were it meliorated by cultivation, it would become more palatable.
Fresh water, as I have said before, is 設立する but in inconsiderable 量s. For the ありふれた 目的s of life there is 一般に enough; but we know of no stream in the country 有能な of turning a mill: and the 発言／述べる made by Mr. Anderson, of the dryness of the country 一連の会議、交渉／完成する Adventure Bay, 延長するs without exception to every part of it which we have 侵入するd.
Previous to leaving England I remember to have frequently heard it 主張するd, that the 発見 of 地雷s was one of the 第２位 反対するs of the 探検隊／遠征隊. Perhaps there are 地雷s; but as no person competent to form a 決定／判定勝ち（する） is to be 設立する の中で us, I wish no one to 可決する・採択する an idea, that I mean to impress him with such a belief, when I 明言する／公表する, that individuals, whose 裁判／判断s are not despicable, are willing to think favourably of this conjecture, from 見本／標本s of 鉱石 seen in many of the 石／投石するs 選ぶd up here. I cannot やめる this 支配する without regretting, that some one 有能な of throwing a better light on it, is not in the 植民地. Nor can I help 存在 平等に 関心d, that an experienced botanist was not sent out, for the 目的 of collecting and 述べるing the rare and beautiful 工場／植物s with which the country abounds. Indeed, we flattered ourselves, when at the Cape of Good Hope, that Mason, the King’s botanical gardener, who was 雇うd there in collecting for the 王室の nursery at Kew, would have joined us, but it seems his orders and 約束／交戦s 妨げるd him from quitting that beaten 跡をつける, to enter on this scene of novelty and variety.
To the naturalist this country 持つ／拘留するs out many 招待s. Birds, though not remarkably 非常に／多数の, are in 広大な／多数の／重要な variety, and of the most exquisite beauty of plumage, の中で which are the cockatoo, lory, and parroquet; but the bird which principally （人命などを）奪う，主張するs attention is, a 種類 of ostrich, approaching nearer to the emu of South America than any other we know of. One of them was 発射, at a かなりの distance, with a 選び出す／独身 ball, by a 罪人／有罪を宣告する 雇うd for that 目的 by the 知事; its 負わせる, when 完全にする, was seventy 続けざまに猛撃するs, and its length from the end of the toe to the tip of the beak, seven feet two インチs, though there was 推論する／理由 to believe it had not 達成するd its 十分な growth. On dissection many anatomical singularities were 観察するd: the gall-bladder was remarkably large, the 肝臓 not bigger than that of a barn-door fowl, and after the strictest search no gizzard could be 設立する; the 脚s, which were of a 広大な length, were covered with 厚い, strong 規模s, plainly 示すing the animal to be formed for living まっただ中に 砂漠s; and the foot 異なるd from an ostrich’s by forming a triangle, instead of 存在 cloven.
Goldsmith, whose account of the emu is the only one I can 言及する to, says, “that it is covered from the 支援する and 残余 with long feathers, which 落ちる backward, and cover the anus; these feathers are grey on the 支援する, and white on the belly.” The wings are so small as hardly to deserve the 指名する, and are unfurnished with those beautiful ornaments which adorn the wings of the ostrich: all the feathers are 極端に coarse, but the construction of them deserves notice—they grow in pairs from a 選び出す／独身 軸, a singularity which the author I have 引用するd has omitted to 発言／述べる. It may be 推定するd, that these birds are not very 不十分な, as several have been seen, some of them immensely large, but they are so wild, as to make 狙撃 them a 事柄 of 広大な／多数の／重要な difficulty. Though incapable of 飛行機で行くing, they run with such swiftness, that our fleetest greyhounds are left far behind in every 試みる／企てる to catch them. The flesh was eaten, and tasted like beef.
Besides the emu, many birds of prodigious size have been seen, which 約束 to 増加する the number of those 述べるd by naturalists, whenever we shall be fortunate enough to 得る them; but の中で these the bat of the Endeavour River is not to be 設立する. In the 支持を得ようと努めるd are さまざまな little songsters, whose 公式文書，認めるs are 平等に 甘い and plaintive.
Of quadrupeds, except the kangaroo, I have little to say. The few met with are almost invariably of the opossum tribe, but even these do not abound. To beasts of prey we are utter strangers, nor have we yet any 原因（となる） to believe that they 存在する in the country. And happy it is for us that they do not, as their presence would 奪う us of the only fresh meals the 解決／入植地 affords, the flesh of the kangaroo. This singular animal is already known in Europe by the 製図／抽選 and description of Mr. Cook. To the 製図／抽選 nothing can be 反対するd but the position of the claws of the 妨げる 脚, which are mixed together like those of a dog, 反して no such indistinctness is to be 設立する in the animal I am 述べるing. It was the Chevalier De Perrouse who pointed out this to me, while we were comparing a kangaroo with the plate, which, as he 正確に，正当に 観察するd, is 訂正する enough to give the world in general a good idea of the animal, but not 十分に 正確な for the man of science.
Of the natural history of the kangaroo we are still very ignorant. We may, however, 投機・賭ける to pronounce this animal, a new 種類 of opossum, the 女性（の） 存在 furnished with a 捕らえる、獲得する, in which the young is 含む／封じ込めるd; and in which the teats are 設立する. These last are only two in number, a strong presumptive proof, had we no other 証拠, that the kangaroo brings 前へ／外へ rarely more than one at a birth. But this is settled beyond a 疑問, from more than a dozen 女性（の）s having been killed, which had invariably but one formed in the pouch. Notwithstanding this, the animal may be looked on as prolific, from the 早期に age it begins to 産む／飼育する at, kangaroos with young having been taken of not more than thirty 続けざまに猛撃するs 負わせる; and there is room to believe that when at their 最大の growth, they 重さを計る not いっそう少なく than one hundred and fifty 続けざまに猛撃するs. A male of one hundred and thirty 続けざまに猛撃するs 負わせる has been killed, whose dimensions were as follows:
After this perhaps I shall hardly be credited, when I 断言する that the kangaroo on 存在 brought 前へ／外へ is not larger than an English mouse. It is, however, in my 力／強力にする to speak 前向きに／確かに on this 長，率いる, as I have seen more than one instance of it.
In running, this animal 限定するs himself 完全に to his 妨げる, 脚s, which are 所有するd with an 驚くべき／特命の／臨時の muscular 力／強力にする. Their 速度(を上げる） is very 広大な／多数の／重要な, though not in general やめる equal to that of a greyhound; but when the greyhounds are so fortunate as to 掴む them, they are incapable of 保持するing their 持つ／拘留する, from the amazing struggles of the animal. The bound of the kangaroo, when not hard 圧力（をかける）d, has been 手段d, and 設立する to 越える twenty feet.
At what time of the year they copulate, and in what manner, we know not: the testicles of the male are placed contrary to the usual order of nature.
When young the kangaroo eats tender and 井戸／弁護士席 flavoured, tasting like veal, but the old ones are more 堅い and stringy than bullbeef. They are not carnivorous, and subsist altogether on particular flowers and grass. Their bleat is mournful, and very different from that of any other animal: it is, however, seldom heard but in the young ones.
Fish, which our sanguine hopes led us to 推定する／予想する in 広大な／多数の／重要な 量s, do not abound. In summer they are tolerably plentiful, but for some months past very few have been taken. Botany Bay in this 尊敬（する）・点 越えるs Port Jackson. The French once caught 近づく two thousand fish in one day, of a 種類 of grouper, to which, from the form of a bone in the 長，率いる 似ているing a helmet, we have given the 指名する of light horseman. To this may be 追加するd bass, mullets, skait, 単独のs, leather-jackets, and many other 種類, all so good in their 肉親，親類d, as to 二塁打 our 悔いる at their not 存在 more 非常に／多数の. Sharks of an enormous size are 設立する here. One of these was caught by the people on board the Sirius, which 手段d at the shoulders six feet and a half in circumference. His 肝臓 産する／生じるd twenty-four gallons of oil; and in his stomach was 設立する the 長，率いる of a shark, which had been thrown overboard from the same ship. The Indians, probably from having felt the 影響s of their voracious fury, 証言する the 最大の horror on seeing these terrible fish.
Venomous animals and reptiles are rarely seen. Large snakes beautifully variegated have been killed, but of the 影響 of their bites we are happily ignorant. Insects, though 非常に／多数の, are by no means, even in summer, so troublesome as I have 設立する them in America, the West Indies, and other countries.
The 気候 is undoubtedly very 望ましい to live in. In summer the heats are usually 穏健なd by the sea 微風, which 始める，決めるs in 早期に; and in winter the degree of 冷淡な is so slight as to occasion no inconvenience; once or twice we have had hoar 霜s and あられ／賞賛する, but no 外見 of snow. The 温度計 has never risen beyond 84, nor fallen lower than 35, in general it stood in the beginning of February at between 78 and 74 at noon. Nor is the 気温 of the 空気／公表する いっそう少なく healthy than pleasant. Those dreadful putrid fevers by which new countries are so often 荒廃させるd, are unknown to us: and excepting a slight diarrhoea, which 勝つ／広く一帯に広がるd soon after we had landed, and was 致命的な in very few instances, we are strangers to 疫病／流行性の 病気s.
On the whole, (雷鳴 嵐／襲撃するs in the hot months excepted) I know not any 気候 equal to this I 令状 in. Ere we had been a fortnight on shore we experienced some 嵐／襲撃するs of 雷鳴 …を伴ってd with rain, than which nothing can be conceived more violent and tremendous, and their repetition for several days, joined to the 損失 they did, by 殺人，大当り several of our sheep, led us to draw presages of an unpleasant nature. Happily, however, for many months we have escaped any 類似の visitations.
The 進歩 made in the 解決／入植地; and the 状況／情勢 of 事件／事情／状勢s at the Time of the Ship, which 伝えるs this Account, sailing for England
For the 目的 of 促進するing the public work, the male 罪人／有罪を宣告するs have been divided into ギャング（団）s, over each of which a person, selected from の中で themselves, is placed. It is to be regretted that 政府 did not take this 事柄 into consideration before we left England, and 任命する proper persons with reasonable salaries to 遂行する／発効させる the office of overseers; as the consequence of our 現在の imperfect 計画（する） is such, as to 敗北・負かす in a 広大な／多数の／重要な 手段 the 目的s for which the 囚人s were sent out. The 女性（の） 罪人／有罪を宣告するs have hitherto lived in a 明言する／公表する of total idleness; except a few who are kept at work in making pegs for tiles, and 選ぶing up 爆撃するs for 燃やすing into lime. For the last time I repeat, that the behaviour of all classes of these people since our arrival in the 解決／入植地 has been better than could, I think, have been 推定する／予想するd from them.
一時的な 木造の storehouses covered with thatch or shingles, in which the 貨物s of all the ships have been 宿泊するd, are 完全にするd; and an hospital is 築くd. 兵舎 for the 軍の are かなり 前進するd; and little huts to serve, until something more 永久の can be finished, have been raised on all 味方するs. Notwithstanding this the 野営s of the 海洋s and 罪人／有罪を宣告するs are still kept up; and to 安全な・保証する their owners from the coldness of the nights, are covered in with bushes, and thatched over.
The 計画（する） of a town I have already said is 示すd out. And as freestone of an excellent 質 abounds, one requisite に向かって the 完成 of it is 達成するd. Only two houses of 石／投石する are yet begun, which are ーするつもりであるd for the 知事 and 中尉／大尉／警部補 知事. One of the greatest 妨害s we 会合，会う with is a want of 石灰岩, of which no 調印するs appear. Clay for making bricks is in plenty, and a かなりの 量 of them 燃やすd and ready for use.
In enumerating the public buildings I find I have been so remiss as to omit an 観測所, which is 築くd at a small distance from the 野営s. It is nearly 完全にするd, and when fitted up with the telescopes and other 天文学の 器具s sent out by the Board of Longitude, will afford a 望ましい 退却／保養地 from the listlessness of a （軍の）野営地，陣営 evening at Port Jackson. One of the 主要な／長／主犯 推論する／理由s which induced the Board to 認める this apparatus was, for the 目的 of enabling 中尉／大尉／警部補 Dawes, of the 海洋s, (to whose care it is intrusted) to make 観察s on a 惑星 which is すぐに 推定する／予想するd to appear in the southern 半球. The latitude of the 観測所, from the result of more than three hundred 観察s, is 直す／買収する，八百長をするd at 33 deg 52 min 30 sec south, and the longitude at 151 deg 16 min 30 sec east of Greenwich. The latitude of the south 長，率いる which forms the 入り口 of the harbour, 33 deg 51 min, and that of the north 長，率いる opposite to it at 33 deg 49 min 45 sec south.
Since 上陸 here our 軍の 軍隊 has 苦しむd a diminution of only three persons, a serjeant and two 私的なs. Of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs fifty-four have 死なせる／死ぬd, 含むing the 死刑執行s. まっただ中に the 原因（となる）s of this mortality, 過度の toil and a scarcity of food are not to be numbered, as the reader will easily conceive, when 知らせるd, that they have the same allowance of 準備／条項s as every officer and 兵士 in the 守備隊; and are indulged by 存在 免除されたd from 労働 every Saturday afternoon and Sunday. On the latter of those days they are 推定する／予想するd to …に出席する divine service, which is 成し遂げるd either within one of the storehouses, or under a 広大な／多数の／重要な tree in the open 空気／公表する, until a church can be built.
まっただ中に our public 労働s, that no 防備を堅める／強化するd 地位，任命する, or place of 安全, is yet begun, may be a 事柄 of surprise. Were an 緊急 in the night to happen, it is not 平易な to say what might not take place before 軍隊／機動隊s, scattered about in an 広範囲にわたる 野営, could be formed, so as to 行為／法令／行動する. An event that happened a few evenings since may, perhaps, be the means of 今後ing this necessary work. In the dead of night the centinels on the eastern 味方する of the cove were alarmed by the 発言する／表明するs of the Indians, talking 近づく their 地位，任命するs. The 兵士s on this occasion 行為／法令／行動するd with their usual firmness, and without creating a 騒動, 熟知させるd the officer of the guard with the circumstance, who すぐに took every 警戒 to 妨げる an attack, and at the same time gave orders that no molestation, while they continued peaceable, should be 申し込む／申し出d them. From the 不明瞭 of the night, and the distance they kept at, it was not 平易な to ascertain their number, but from the sound of the 発言する／表明するs and other circumstances, it was calculated at 近づく thirty. To their 意向s in honouring us with this visit (the only one we have had from them in the last five months) we are strangers, though most probably it was either with a 見解（をとる） to pilfer, or to ascertain in what 安全 we slept, and the 警戒s we used in the night. When the bells of the ships in the harbour struck the hour of the night, and the centinels called out on their 地位，任命するs “All’s 井戸／弁護士席,” they 観察するd a dead silence, and continued it for some minutes, though talking with the greatest earnestness and vociferation but the moment before. After having remained a かなりの time they 出発／死d without 交換ing a syllable with our people.
Some Thoughts on the Advantages which may arise to the Mother Country from forming the 植民地.
The author of these sheets would 支配する himself to the 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 of presumption, were he to 目的（とする） at developing the 意向s of 政府 in forming this 解決／入植地. But without giving offence, or incurring reproach, he hopes his opinion on the probability of advantage to be drawn from hence by 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain, may be 公正に／かなり made known.
If only a receptacle for 罪人／有罪を宣告するs be ーするつもりであるd, this place stands unequalled from the 状況／情勢, extent, and nature of the country. When 見解（をとる）d in a 商業の light, I 恐れる its insignificance will appear very striking. The New Zealand hemp, of which so many sanguine 期待s were formed, is not a native of the 国／地域; and Norfolk Island, where we made sure to find this article, is also without it. So that the 計画／陰謀 of 存在 able to 補助装置 the East Indies with 海軍の 蓄える／店s, in 事例／患者 of a war, must 落ちる to the ground, both from this 欠陥／不足, and the 質 of the 木材／素質 growing here. Were it indeed possible to 輸送（する） that of Norfolk Island, its value would be 設立する very 広大な／多数の／重要な, but the difficulty, from the surf, I am 井戸／弁護士席 知らせるd, is so insuperable as to forbid the 試みる／企てる. Lord Howe Island, discovered by Lieut. Ball, though an inestimable 取得／買収 to our 植民地, produces little else than the mountain cabbage tree.
Should a 十分な 軍の 軍隊 be sent out to those 雇うd in cultivating the ground, I see no room to 疑問, that in the course of a few years, the country will be able to 産する／生じる 穀物 enough for the support of its new possessors. But to 影響 this, our 現在の 限界s must be 大いに 延長するd, which will 要求する detachments of 軍隊／機動隊s not to be spared from the 現在の 設立. And admitting the position, the parent country will still have to 供給（する） us for a much longer time with every other necessary of life. For after what we have seen, the idea of 存在 soon able to 産む／飼育する cattle 十分な for our 消費, must appear chimerical and absurd. From all which it is evident, that should 広大な／多数の／重要な Britain neglect to send out 正規の／正選手 供給（する）s, the most 致命的な consequences will 続いて起こる.
相場師s who may feel inclined to try their fortunes here, will do 井戸／弁護士席 to 重さを計る what I have said. If golden dreams of 商業 and wealth flatter their imaginations, 失望 will follow: the remoteness of 状況／情勢, 生産／産物s of the country, and want of 関係 with other parts of the world, 正当化する me in the 主張. But to men of small 所有物／資産／財産, unambitious of 貿易（する）, and wishing for 退職, I think the continent of New South むちの跡s not without 誘導s. One of this description, with letters of 推薦, and a 十分な 資本／首都 (after having 供給するd for his passage hither) to furnish him with an assortment of 道具s for （疑いを）晴らすing land, 農業の and 国内の 目的s; 所有するd also of a few 世帯 utensils, a cow, a few sheep and 産む／飼育するing （種を）蒔くs, would, I am of opinion, with proper 保護 and 激励, 後継する in 得るing a comfortable 暮らし, were he 井戸／弁護士席 保証するd before he quitted his native country, that a 準備／条項 for him until he might be settled, should be 安全な・保証するd; and that a 認める of land on his arrival would be allotted him.
That this adventurer, if of a persevering character and competent knowledge, might in the course of ten years bring 事柄s into such a train as to （判決などを）下す himself comfortable and 独立した・無所属, I think 高度に probable. The superfluities of his farm would enable him to 購入（する） European 商品／必需品s from the masters of ships, which will arrive on 政府 account, 十分な to 供給（する） his wants. But beyond this he ought not to reckon, for admitting that he might 会合，会う with success in raising タバコ, rice, indigo, or vineyards (for which last I think the 国／地域 and 気候 admirably adapted), the distance of a 市場 to vend them at, would make the expense of transportation so 過度の, as to 削減（する） off all hopes of a reasonable 利益（をあげる）; nor can there be 消費者s enough here to take them off his 手渡すs, for so 広大な／多数の／重要な a length of time to come, as I shall not be at the trouble of 計算するing.
Should then any one, induced by this account, emigrate hither, let him, before he やめるs England, 供給する all his wearing apparel for himself, family, and servants; his furniture, 道具s of every 肉親，親類d, and 器具／実施するs of husbandry (の中で which a plough need not be 含むd, as we make use of the 売春婦), for he will touch at no place where they can be 購入（する）d to advantage. If his sheep and hogs are English also, it will be better. For ワインs, spirits, タバコ, sugar, coffee, tea, rice, poultry, and many other articles, he may 投機・賭ける to rely on at Teneriffe or Madeira, the Brazils and Cape of Good Hope. It will not be his 利益／興味 to draw 法案s on his voyage out, as the 交流 of money will be 設立する invariably against him, and a large 割引 also deducted. 草案s on the place he is to touch at, or cash (dollars if possible) will best answer his end.
To men of desperate fortune and the lowest classes of the people, unless they can procure a passage as indented servants, 類似の to the custom practised of emigrating to America, this part of the world 申し込む／申し出s no 誘惑: for it can hardly be supposed, that 政府 will be fond of 持続するing them here until they can be settled, and without such support they must 餓死する.
Of the 知事’s 指示／教授／教育s and 意向s 親族 to the 処分 of the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs, when the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 of their transportation shall be 満了する／死ぬd, I am ignorant. They will then be 解放する／自由な men, and at liberty, I apprehend, either to settle in the country, or to return to Europe. The former will be …に出席するd with some public expense; and the latter, except in particular 事例／患者s, will be difficult to 遂行する, from the numberless 原因（となる）s which 妨げる a たびたび（訪れる） communication between England and this continent.
A 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of the Civil and 軍の 設立s in New South むちの跡s
知事 and 指揮官 in 長，指導者, His Excellency Arthur Phillip, Esq.
中尉／大尉／警部補 知事, Robert Ross, Esq.
裁判官 of the Admiralty 法廷，裁判所, Robert Ross, Esq.
Chaplain of the 解決／入植地, the Rev. Richard Johnson.
裁判官 支持する of the 解決／入植地, David Collins, Esq.
長官 to the 知事, David Collins, Esq.
Surveyor General, Augustus Alt, Esq.
Commissary of 蓄える／店s and 準備／条項s, Andrew Miller, Esq.
Assistant Commissary, Mr. Zechariah Clarke.
Provost 戦争の, who 行為／法令／行動するs as 郡保安官 of Cumberland 郡, Mr. Henry Brewer.
Peace Officer, Mr. James Smith.
MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT
His Majesty’s Ship ‘Sirius’, John Hunter, Esq. 指揮官. 中尉／大尉／警部補s, Bradley, King, Maxwell.
His Majesty’s 武装した Brig, ‘供給（する）’, 中尉／大尉／警部補 Henry Lidgbird Ball, 指揮官.
FOUR COMPANIES OF MARINES
Major Robert Ross, Commandant.
CAPTAINS COMMANDING COMPANIES
James Campbell, John Shea, Captain 中尉／大尉／警部補s, James Meredith, Watkin Tench.
FIRST LIEUTENANTS
George Johnson, John Johnson, John Creswell, James Maitland Shairp, Robert Nellow, Thomas Davey, James Furzer, Thomas Timins, John Poulden.
SECOND LIEUTENANTS
Ralph Clarke, John Long, William Dawes, William Feddy.
Adjutant, John Long.
４半期/4分の1 Master, James Furzer.
補佐官 de （軍の）野営地，陣営 to the 知事, George Johnson.
Officer of Engineers and 大砲, William Dawes.
HOSPITAL ESTABLISHMENT.
外科医 General of the 解決／入植地, John White, Esq.
First Assistant, Mr. Dennis Considen.
Second Assistant, Mr. Thomas Arndell.
Third Assistant, Mr. William Balmain.
Sydney Cove, Port Jackson, New South むちの跡s.
October 1st, 1788.
Little 構成要素 has occurred in this 植民地 since the 出発 of the ships for England, on the 14th July last. On the 20th of that month His Majesty’s ship 供給（する）, Captain Ball, sailed for Norfolk Island, and returned on the 26th August. Our accounts from thence are more favourable than were 推定する／予想するd. The 国／地域 証明するs admirably adapted to produce all 肉親，親類d of 穀物, and European vegetables. But the 発見 which 構成するs its value is the New Zealand flax, 工場／植物s of which are 設立する growing in every part of the island in the 最大の luxuriancy and 豊富. This will, beyond 疑問, appear strange to the reader after what has been 関係のある in the former part of my work: and in 未来, let the credit of the 証言 be as high as it may, I shall never without diffidence and hesitation 推定する to 否定する the narrations of Mr. Cook. The truth is, that those sent to settle and 調査する the island knew not the form in which the 工場／植物 grows, and were unfurnished with every particular which could lead to a knowledge of it. Unaccountable as this may sound, it is, にもかかわらず, incontestably true. Captain Ball brought away with him several 見本／標本s for 査察, and, on 裁判，公判, by some flax-dressers の中で us, the threads produced from them, though coarse, are pronounced to be stronger, more likely to be 持続する, and fitter for every 目的 of 製造業の cordage, than any they ever before dressed.
Every 研究 has been made by those on the island to find a 上陸-place, whence it might be practicable to ship off the 木材／素質 growing there, but hitherto 非，不，無 has been discovered. A 計画（する）, however, for making one has been laid before the 知事, and is at 現在の under consideration, though (in the opinion of many here) it is not such an one as will be 設立する to answer the end 提案するd.
Lieut. King and his little 守備隊 were 井戸／弁護士席 when the ‘供給（する）’ left them: but I am sorry to 追加する, that, from 死傷者s, their number is already five いっそう少なく than it 初めは was. A ship from hence is ready to sail with an 増加する of 軍隊, besides many 罪人／有罪を宣告するs for the 目的 of sawing up 木材／素質, and turning the flax-工場／植物 to advantage.
So much for Norfolk. In Port Jackson all is 静かな and stupid as could be wished. We 一般に hear the 嘘（をつく） of the day as soon as the （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域ing of the Reveille 発表するs the return of it; find it 否定するd by breakfast time; and 追求する a second through all its varieties, until night, welcome as to a lover, gives us to sleep and dream ourselves 輸送（する）d to happier climes.
Let me not, however, neglect telling you the little news which 現在のs itself. All descriptions of men enjoy the highest 明言する／公表する of health; and the 罪人／有罪を宣告するs continue to behave 極端に 井戸／弁護士席. A ギャング（団） of one hundred of them, guarded by a captain, two subalterns and 20 海洋s, is about to be sent up to the 長，率いる of the harbour, at the distance of 3 leagues, in a westerly direction, from Sydney Cove, for the 目的 of 設立するing a 解決／入植地 there. The 罪人／有罪を宣告するs are to be 雇うd in putting the land around into cultivation, as it appears to be of a more 約束ing nature than that 近づく the 野営. Indeed this last hitherto 後継するs but very indifferently, though I do not yet despair, that when good seeds can be procured, our toil will be better rewarded. But as this is an event at a distance, and in itself very 不安定な, 知事 Phillip has 決定するd on procuring a 供給（する） of flour and other necessaries from the Cape of Good Hope, as our 在庫／株 on 手渡す is 設立する to be, on examination, not やめる so ample as had been reckoned upon. To 遂行する／発効させる this 目的 his Excellency has ordered the Sirius to 準備する for the voyage; by which conveyance the 適切な時期 of 令状ing to you is afforded me. It was at first ーするつもりであるd to 派遣（する） the Sirius to some of the 隣人ing islands (the Friendly or Society) in the 太平洋の Ocean, to procure 在庫／株 there, but the uselessness of the 計画／陰謀, joined to the 状況／情勢 of 事柄s here, has, happily for us, 妨げるd its 存在 put into 死刑執行.
Watkin Tench
Captain
of 海洋s
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