EXAMINATION OF THE ACCUSED I. N. SMIRNOV

A 広大な／多数の／重要な part of the evening 開会／開廷／会期 is taken up by the examination of the （刑事）被告 I. N. Smirnov.

I. N. Smirnov was one of the leaders of the Trotskyite organization since its 形式, the closest friend of Trotsky and the actual 組織者 and leader of the 地下組織の Troskyite 反対する-革命の activities in the U.S.S.R., who 持続するd personal 関係s with Trotsky and the Trotskyite organizations abroad.

Smirnov, Trotsky's 副 in the U.S.S.R., as the （刑事）被告 have defined him, and the leader of the Trotskyite centre, 否定するs his own direct part in the terroristic activities and only partly 収容する／認めるs his 罪，犯罪s.

In May 1931 Smirnov went abroad on an 公式の／役人 商売／仕事 trip. In Berlin he met Sedov, Trotsky's son and スパイ／執行官. Smirnov （人命などを）奪う，主張するs that this was an "偶発の" 会合. During his "偶発の" 会合, Smirnov 急いでd to make 手はず／準備 with Sedov about their next 会合 which took place in Smirnov's lodgings. Sedov told Smirnov that it was necessary to change the old methods of struggle against the Party, and that the time had arrived to 可決する・採択する terroristic methods of struggle. Smirnov tries to make it appear that this was Sedov's own opinion with which he, Smirnov, 恐らく did not agree. にもかかわらず, Smirnov 権利 there 約束d Sedov to 設立する communications with him, and to 設立する "informational" communications with Trotsky. Smirnov received from Sedov two 演説（する）／住所s for correspondence and agreed with him upon a password for sending スパイ／執行官s. On his return to Moscow, Smirnov すぐに 知らせるd his associates of his conversation with Sedov regarding テロ行為.

Vyshinsky:  Although you were not in 協定 with Sedov, you にもかかわらず thought it necessary to 知らせる your 地下組織の organication about this terroristic line?

Smirnov:  Yes, I did not 心配する that they would take this （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） as Trotsky's directions.

This 主張, however, is 反駁するd by the 証言 of the （刑事）被告 Mrachkovsky, whom Smirnov had 知らせるd that in Berlin he had 設立するd 接触する, through Sedov,with Trotsky from whom the directions on テロ行為 had 起こる／始まるd.

Vyshinsky:  When Smirnov told you about his conversation with Sedov, you understood the contents of the conversation to be not mere （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） but 指示／教授／教育s?

Mrachkovsky:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  What did those 指示／教授／教育s say?

Mrachkovsky:  They said that the 指示／教授／教育s which had 存在するd up to that time, that is up to 1931, had become obsolete. Trotsky 提案するd that another method, a 詐欺師 method, be 可決する・採択するd.

Vyshinsky:  Who 提案するd, Sedov or Trotsky?

Mrachkovsky:  Trotsky.

Vyshinsky:  Did Smirnov speak about Trotsky?

Mrachkovsky:  Yes, he spoke about Trotsky, since Sedov was no 当局 either for him or for us.

Vyshinsky:  （刑事）被告 Smirnov, is it true that Sedov was not an 当局 for you?

Smirnov:  No, Sedov was not an 当局 for me.

The （刑事）被告 Smirnov tries at first to 主張する that in 1931 and in 1932 Trotsky was no 当局 for him either. However he すぐに 収容する／認めるs that in 1932 he received through Yuri Gaven 指示／教授／教育s from Trotsky 勧めるing the 採択 of テロ行為 against the leaders of the Party and the 政府; he 受託するd these 指示／教授／教育s for the 目的 of carrying them out, and communicated them to the centre.

Vyshinsky:  Was the centre 組織するd on the basis of テロ行為?

Smirnov:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  Were you a member of that centre?

Smirnov:  Yes, I was.

Vyshinsky:  その結果, those 指示／教授／教育s were meant for you too?

Smirnov:  Yes, they were communicated to me.

Vyshinsky:  They were not only communicated through you, but were also 指示／教授／教育s for you?

Smirnov:  They were 今後d as 指示／教授／教育s.

Vyshinsky:  Did you 受託する them?

Smirnov:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  How can you 持続する, then that Trotsky, from whom these 指示／教授／教育s orginated, was not an 当局 for you?

Smirnov tries to 減ずる his own part to that of 単に communicating Trotsky's 指示／教授／教育s to the centre; he tries to 避ける 責任／義務 for the work of the centre.

Smirnov:  I listened to those 指示／教授／教育s and communicated them to the centre. The centre 受託するd them, but I did not 参加する its work.

Vyshinsky:  So when did you leave the centre?

Smirnov:  I did not ーするつもりである to 辞職する; there was nothing to 辞職する from.

Vyshinsky:  Did the centre 存在する?

Smirnov:  What sort of a centre. . . .

Vyshinsky:  Mrachkovsky, did the centre 存在する?

Mrachkovsky:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  Zinoviev, did the centre 存在する?

Zinoviev:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  Evdokimov, did the centre 存在する?

Evdokimov:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  Bakayev, did the centre 存在する?

Bakayev:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  How, then, Smirnov, can you take the liberty to 持続する that no centre 存在するd?

Smirnov once again 言及するs to the absence of 会合s of the centre, but the 証言 of Zinoviev,Ter-Vaganyan and Mrachkovsky again 証明するs him to be lying. In reply to questions put to him by the 明言する／公表する 検察官，検事, Zinoviev 確認するs the fact that he was in continuous communication with Smirnov. Ter-Vaganyan 確認するs the 役割 Smirnov played as the leader of the Trotskyite part of the 圏,  who worked to 組織する, 強固にする／合併する／制圧する and 部隊 the two parts of the 圏.  Mrachkovsky says: "Smirnov is trying to pass as a simple village postman, but we regarded Smirnov as Trotsky's 副."

In 関係 with Smirnov's 証言, the （刑事）被告 Olberg 知らせるs the 法廷，裁判所 of his repeated 会合s with Sedov, Trotsky's son, in Berlin, in 1931. At one of these 会合s, in November-December 1931, Sedov 知らせるd Olberg of his 会合 with I. N. Smirnov. Sedov spoke with 広大な／多数の／重要な 尊敬（する）・点 of Smirnov, as the leader of the Trotskyite organization in the U.S.S.R. He said that he, Sedov, had communicated to Smirnov Trotsky's instruktions on the necessity to 乗る，着手する upon terroristic activities. Olberg その上の 明言する／公表するs that he and the other Trotskyites abroad and in the Soviet Union regarded Sedov 単独で as a 乗り物 for transmitting the will, the 仕事s and the 政策 of Trotsky.

The その上の examination of Smirnov 確認するs that the （刑事）被告 received and passed on 付加 instrutions from Trotsky on テロ行為.

Vyshinsky:  It can be considered as 設立するd that in 1932 you received fresh 指示／教授／教育s from Trotsky through Gaven?

Smirnov:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  Did these 指示／教授／教育s 含む／封じ込める direct 言及／関連 to the necessity of 乗る，着手するing on a terroristic struggle against the leadership of the Party?

Smirnov:  やめる true.

Vyshinsky:  In the first place, against whom?

Smirnov:  No 指名するs were について言及するd there.

Vyshinsky:  But you understood that the terroristic strugglewas to begin first against Comrade Stalin?

Smirnov:  Yes, I understood it to mean that.

Vyshinsky:  And that is what you communicated to your 同僚s?

Smirnov:  Yes.

The （刑事）被告 固執するs in his 回避s and tries to 否定する the part he played as the leader of the Trotskyite oganization. The 法廷，裁判所 調査 取引，協定s in 詳細（に述べる） with this question. The examination of the （刑事）被告 elicits the fact that it was on the direct 指示／教授／教育s of Smirnov that Ter-Vaganyan 交渉するd with the Zinovievites about the 圏.  It becomes （疑いを）晴らす that Mrachkovsky trained テロリスト groups on the direct 指示／教授／教育s of Smirnov. It is 確認するd that neither Ter-Vaganyan nor Mrachkovsky gave any 指示／教授／教育s to Smirnov, but themselves received 指示／教授／教育s from him. And finally, the fact is elicited that direct communication with Trotsky was 持続するd 本人自身で by Smirnov 権利 up to his 逮捕（する）. Under the 負わせる of all these irrefutable facts Smirnov at last 収容する／認めるs that it was he and no one else who was the 長，率いる of the Trotskyite organization.

But the （刑事）被告 makes this 自白 only after the 起訴 has exposed him by 絶対 incontrovertible facts.

願望（する）ing to cover up the traces of his activities in 組織するing the テロリスト Trotskyite-Zinovievite 圏,  Smirnov tries to invent a new 見解／翻訳／版 説 that the 圏  was 組織するd without his direct 参加. From the 証言 of the （刑事）被告 it appears however that the 形式 of the 圏  was the result of direct 交渉s between Smirnov and Zinoviev, Kamenev and Ter-Vaganyan, Evdokimov and Mrachkovsky, and that these 交渉s for the organization of the 圏  were 行為／行うd on the basis of the first 指示／教授／教育s on terror received by Smirnov from Trotsky through Sedov in 1931.

The 明言する／公表する 検察官，検事 then 問い合わせs into Smirnov's 接触する with Trotsky.

Vyshinsky:  Did you have direct communication with Trotsky?

Smirnov:  I had two 演説（する）／住所s.

Vyshinsky:  I ask you, was there any communication?

Smirnov:  I had two 演説（する）／住所s. . . .

Vyshinsky:  Answer, was there any communication?

Smirnov:  If having 演説（する）／住所s is called communication. . . .

Vyshinsky:  What do you call it?

Smirnov:  I said that I received two 演説（する）／住所s.

Vyshinsky:  Did yuo 持続する communication with Trotsky?

Smirnov:  I had two 演説（する）／住所s.

Vyshinsky:  Did you 持続する personal communication?

Smirnov:  There was no personal communication.

Vyshinsky;  Was there communication by mail Trotsky?

Smirnov:  There was communication by mail with Trotsky's son.

Vyshinsky:  Was the letter you received through Gaven sent by Sedov or by Trotsky?

Smirnov:  Gaven brought a letter from Trotsky.

Vyshinsky:  That is what I am asking you. Did you have any communication with Trotsky - yes or no?

Smirnov:  I say that I wrote a letter to Trotsky and received a reply from him.

Vyshinsky:  Is that communication or not?

Smirnov:  It is.

Vyshinsky:  So there was communication?

Smirnov:  There was.

Other irrefutable facts are also 設立するd. Ter-Vaganyan, Mrachkovsky, Zinoviev and Evdokimov tell about conversations which Smirnov carried on in 1931 関心ing the 仕事s he 割り当てるd at that time for the training of テロリストs.

Vyshinsky:  Did you give 指示／教授／教育s to the group?

Smirnov:  No, I did not.

Vyshinsky  (to Mrachkovsky): Mrachkovsky, did Smirnov give you such 指示／教授／教育s?

Mrachkovsky:  Yes. 指示／教授／教育s were given in the beginning of 1931 on his return from abroad.

Vyshinsky:  What did he say to you?

Mrachkovsky:  That it was necessary to begin the 選択 of people whom we knew 井戸／弁護士席, that a serious 仕事 was put before us, that the people to be selected must be resolute. He said this in his apartment.

Smirnov:  Was it at my apartment? where is my apartment?

Mrachkovsky:  This was in 1931 on the Pressnya.

Vyshinsky:  Did he visit you on the Pressnya?

Smirnov:  Not on the Pressnya itself but in that 地区.

Vyshinsky:  （刑事）被告 Zinoviev, you said that Smirnov discussed テロ行為 with you more than once, discussed the necessity to 促進する terroristic 行為／法令／行動するs?

Zinoviev:  訂正する.

Vyshinsky;  So what Mrachkovsky says about the テロリスト group is true?

Zinoviev:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  （刑事）被告 Smirnov, do you think that Ter-Vaganyan,Mrachkovsky and Evdokimov are telling untruths?

Smirnov:  (Does not answer.)

Vyshinsky:  What then do you 収容する／認める?

Smirnov:  I 収容する／認める that I belonged to the 地下組織の Trotskyite organization, joined the 圏,  joined the centre of this 圏,  met Sedov in Berlin in 1931, listened to his opinion on テロ行為 and passed this opinion on to Moscow. I 収容する／認める that I received Trotsky's 指示／教授／教育s on テロ行為 from Gaven and, although not in 協定 with them, I communicated them to the Zinovievites through Ter-Vaganyan.

Vyshinsky:  And, while not in 協定, you remained a member of the圏  and worked in the圏? 

Smirnov:  I did not 辞職する 公式に from the 圏,  but 現実に I did no work.

Vyshinsky:  So when you communicated the 指示／教授／教育s, you were doing no work?

Smirnov:  (Does not answer.)

Vyshinsky:  What do you think, when an 組織者 communicates 指示／教授／教育s, is that work?

Smirnov:  Of course.

Vyshinsky:  You 参加するd in the 圏? 

Smirnov:  Yes.

Vyshinsky;  And you 収容する／認める that the 圏  stood on the position of テロ行為?

Smirnov:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  You also 収容する／認める that it stood on this position in 関係 with 指示／教授／教育s received from Trotsky?

Smirnov:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  And it was you who received these 指示／教授／教育s?

Smirnov:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  その結果, it was you who got the 圏  to 可決する・採択する the position of テロ行為?

Smirnov:  I passed on the 指示／教授／教育s on テロ行為.

Vyshinsky:  If you 確認する that, after the 領収書 of Trotsky's 指示／教授／教育s, the position of the 圏  was that of テロ行為, then it should be said that the 圏  took up the position of テロ行為 after you received the 指示／教授／教育s from Trotsky and passed them on to the members of the 圏? 

Smirno:  I received these instruktions, communicated them to the Trotskyites and Zinovievites, and they formed the centre. While not in 協定, I did not 辞職する from the 圏  公式に, but 現実に I was not a member of the 圏 

Vyshinsky:  Ter-Vaganyan, did Smirnov leave the 圏? 

Ter-Vaganyan:  No.

Vyshinsky:  Mrachkovsky, did Smirnov leave the 圏? 

Mrachkovsky:  No.

Vyshinsky:  Dreitzer, did you know that Smirnov had left the 圏? 

Dreitzer:  If giving 指示／教授／教育s to 組織する テロリスト groups is leaving the 圏,  then yes.

Vyshinsky:  Evdokimov, did you hear of Smirnov leaving the 圏? 

Evdokimov:  No, the very opposite; he remained a member of the centre and did active work in it.

Vyshinsky:  Did he 株 the terroristic 見解（をとる）s?

Evdokimov:  Yes, he 株d them.

Vyshinsky:  （刑事）被告 Kamenev, what do you know about Smirnov's leaving the 圏? 

Kamenev:  I 確認する that Smirnov was a member of the 圏  all the time.

Vyshinsky:  （刑事）被告 Smirnov, that の近くにs the circle.

The 法廷，裁判所 then proceeds to 診察する the （刑事）被告 Olberg.

The 大統領:  （刑事）被告 Olberg, do you 確認する your 主要な／長／主犯 証言 on terroristic work?

Olberg:  I 確認する it fully and 完全に.

Vyshinsky:  How long have you been connected with Trotskyism?

Olberg makes a 詳細（に述べる）d 声明 to the 影響 that he was a member of the German Trotskyite organization since 1927-28. His 接触する with Trotsky and Sedov, Trotsky's son, began in 1930. This 接触する was arranged by an active member of the German Trotskyite organization, Anton Grilevich, the publisher of Trotsky's 小冊子s in German. At first 接触する was 設立するd by correspondence with Sedov, who passed Trotsky's （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限s on to Olberg; and in the spring of 1931, in May, when Sedov arrived in Berlin, their personal 知識 began.

Vyshinsky:  Did you 会合，会う Sedov frequently?

Olberg:  From May 1931 to the end of 1932 we met nearly every week, and いつかs 'tvice a week. We either met in a cafe on Nürnbergerplatz, or I would visit him in his apartment.

Olberg then proceeds to relate the events 先行する his first visit to the Soviet Union.

Olberg:  The first time Sedov spoke to me about my 旅行 was after Trotsky's message in 関係 with Trotsky's 存在 奪うd of the 市民権 of the U.S.S.R. in the message Trotsky developed the idea that it was necessary to assassinate Stalin. This idea was 表明するd in the に引き続いて words; "Stalin must be 除去するd."

Sedov showed me the typewritten text of this message and said: "井戸／弁護士席, now you see, it cannot be 表明するd in a clearer way. it is a 外交の 言い回し." Sedov also said that it was necessary to send a number of people to the Soviet Union; it was then that Sedov 提案するd that I should go to the U.S.S.R. He knew that I spoke ロシアの and he was sure that I could 伸び（る） a foothold there.

A difficulty arose about the パスポート. I did not have any 限定された 市民権, and for that 推論する／理由 alone could not 得る a ビザ.  Soon, however, Iwas able to 直す／買収する，八百長をする it up, and when I 得るd a パスポート in the 指名する of Freudigmann, I left for U.S.S.R.

Before my 出発 for the Soviet Union, I ーするつもりであるd to go to Copenhagen with Sedov to see Trotsky. Our trip did not materialize, but Suzanna, Sedov's wife, went there. On her return she brought a letter from Trotsky 演説（する）／住所d to Sedov, in which Trotsky agreed to my going to the U.S.S.R. and 表明するd the hope that I would 後継する in carrying out the 使節団 ゆだねるd to me. Sedov showed me this letter.

Vyshinsky:  What do you know about Friedmann?

Olberg:  Friedmann was a member of the Berlin Trotskyite organization, who was also sent to the Soviet Union.

Vyshinsky:  Are you aware of the fact that Friedmann was connected with the German police?

Olberg:  I heard about that.

Vyshinsky:  関係 between the German Trotskyites and the German police - was that systematic?

Olberg: Yes, it was systematic and it was done with Trotsky's conset.

Vyshinsky:  How do you know that it was done with Trotsky's knowledge and 同意?

Olberg:  One of these lines of 関係 was 持続するd by myself. My 関係 was 設立するd with the 許可／制裁 of Trotsky.

Vyshinsky:  Your personal 関係 with whom?

Olberg:  With the 国粋主義者／ファシスト党員 secret police.

Vyshinsky:  So it can be said that you yourself 収容する／認める 関係 with the Gestapo?

Olberg:  I do not 否定する this. In 1933 there began 組織するd systematic 関係 between the German Trotskyites and the German 国粋主義者／ファシスト党員 police.

The （刑事）被告 Olberg then proceeds to give an account of circumstances and facts 直接／まっすぐに relating to his visits to the U.S.S.R. He went to the Soviet Union three times.

The first time Olberg went to the U.S.S.R. was at the end of March, 1933, when he travelled with a 誤った パスポート in the 指名する of a 確かな Freudigmann. He had 得るd this パスポート in Berlin.Olberg remained in the Soviet Union up to the end of July 1933. The 目的 of the visit was to 準備する and carry out the 暗殺 of Comrade Stalin.

On arriving in the U.S.S.R. Olberg lived 内密に in Moscow for six weeks, and then went to Stalinabad, where he 得るd a position as teacher of history. As he had no 文書s regarding 軍の service, he was 強いるd to return abroad and went to Prague.

From Prague Olberg wrote to Sedov 知らせるing him about his 失敗.

Sedov replied 説 that he must not lose heart and 約束d to try to 得る a better パスポート.

一方／合間 Olberg himself 後継するd in 得るing a パスポート in Prague. His younger brother, Paul Olberg lived in Prague and was connected with Tukalevsky, an スパイ／執行官 of the German secret police in Prague. Paul Olberg 元気づけるd up his brother, 明言する／公表するing that Tukalevsky could help him in "this trouble."

Olberg:  After 1933 I visited Tukalevsky with my younger brother.

Vyshinsky:  Who is Tukalevsky?

Olberg:  Tukalevski is the director of the Slavonic Library of the 省 of Foreign 事件／事情／状勢s in Prague. I learned from my brother that he was an スパイ／執行官 of the 国粋主義者／ファシスト党員 secret police. Tukalevskyhad been 知らせるd that I would visit him, and he told me that he would try to get the necessary 文書s for me.

Then, continues Olberg, I wrote a letter to Sedov in Paris telling him about the 提案 made by the スパイ／執行官 of the Gestapo, and asked him to 知らせる me whether L. D. Trotsky would 認可する of an 協定 with such an スパイ／執行官. After some time I received a reply 許可／制裁ing my 活動／戦闘s, that is to say, my understanding with Tukalevsky. Sedov wrote 説 that the strictest secrecy was necessary, and that 非，不，無 of the other members of the Trotskyite organization was to be 知らせるd about this understanding.

Through Tukalevsky and through a 確かな Benda, Olberg 得るd a パスポート from Lucas Parades, 領事-General of the 共和国 of Honduras in Berlin, who had arrived in Prague at that time.

Olberg:  He sold me the パスポート for 13,000 Czechoslovak kronen. This mony I received from Sedov.

Vyshinsky:  Did you have any 関係 with the 共和国 of Honduras?

Olberg:  No, never.

Vyshinsky:  許す me to show this: is this the パスポート? (The commandant of the 法廷，裁判所 現在のs the パスポート.)

Olberg:  Yes, that is the one. It really was 問題／発行するd by a real 領事 in the 指名する of the 共和国 of Honduras. There is such a 共和国 in Central America.

Vyshinsky:  Perhaps your parents had some 関係 with that 共和国?

Olberg:  No.

Vyshinsky:  Your forefathers?

Olberg:  No.

Vyshinsky:  And you yourself - where are you from?

Olberg:  I am from Riga.

This time, continues Olberg, I ーするつもりであるd to travel to the U.S.S.R. by way of Germany. Tukalevsky advised me to 会合，会う Slomovitz in Berlin. I had known her 以前. Tukalevsky told me that the Berlin Trotskyites had 結論するd an 協定 with the Gestapo and that if met Slomovitz in Berlin I could 得る 援助 and help from her if I needed it.

I visited Slomovitz in Berlin, and she told me the に引き続いて: During my absence the Trotskyite cadres dwindled to a small group, and they were now 直面するd with the 窮地: either to 解散させる or to come to an 協定 with the German 国粋主義者／ファシスト党員s. The basis for the 協定 was the 準備 and carrying out of 行為／法令／行動するs of テロ行為 against the leaders of the C.P.S.U. and the Soviet 政府. Trotsky had 許可／制裁d the 協定 between the Berlin Trotskyites and the Gestapo, and the Trotskyites were in fact left 解放する／自由な.

From the point of 見解（をとる） of the Berlin Trotskyites, the overthrew of the Soviet system, the fight against the Soviet 政府, was 考えられる in two ways: either by 介入, or by individual terroristic 行為／法令／行動するs. The 暗殺 of Kirov, によれば Slomovitz, showed that terroristic 行為／法令／行動するs against the leaders of the Party and the 政府 could be carried out in the Soviet Union.

In Slomovitz's apartment I met an 従業員 of the Gestapo, to whom she introduced me, and he 知らせるd me that if I needed 援助 he would willingly help me in 準備するing terroristic 行為／法令／行動するs, in the first place against Stalin.

In March, 1935, Olberg arrived in the Soviet Union for the second time. This visit was also fruitless because he had a tourist ビザ,  could not stay long, and had to return to Germany after a few days. There he remained for three months, and again received 指示／教授／教育s from Sedov to make another 試みる／企てる. In July 1935 Olberg again went to the Soviet Union.

After remaining in Minsk for a short time, he went to Gorky, and there he 設立するd 接触する with the Trotskyites Yelin and Fedotov. He soon 得るd 雇用 in the Gorky Pedagogical 学校／設ける, where he remained until his 逮捕（する）. It was here, in Gorky that 計画（する）s were worked out for an 試みる／企てる on the life of Comrade Stalin.

Vyshinsky:  Did you 得る the Honduras パスポート after your second return?

Olberg:  The second time also I （機の）カム on the Honduras パスポート.

Vyshinsky:  Did you come on a tourist ビザ? 

Olberg:  Yes, but I had the Honduras パスポート.

Vyshinsky:  How were you able to get an 拡張 of that パスポート the second time?

Olberg:  I managed that . . . I forgot to say that at this time my brother moved to the Soviet Union.

Vyshinsky:  There is a gap here in your 証言. In what capacity did your brother, Paul Olberg, arrive here?

Olberg:  What 仕事s Tukalevsky gave him I do not know. But I advised him to go to the Soviet Union so that he could help me to 伸び（る） a foothold.

Vyshinsky:  Why did he have to help you in 伸び（る）ing a foothold?

Olberg:  He is an engineer, and it was much easier for him to 得る 雇用. He had 本物の 文書s. At any 率, not such fictitious papers as I had.

Vyshinsky:  So your brother arrived in the U.S.S.R. on a 本物の German パスポート, and as an engineer could more easily 伸び（る） a foothold here?

Olberg:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  Did your brother have any 関係 with the Gestapo?

Olberg:  He was Tukalevsky's スパイ／執行官.

Vyshinsky:  An スパイ／執行官 of the 国粋主義者／ファシスト党員 police?

Olberg:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  When did you have that talk with Sedov about not permitting the Trotskyite organization to be 妥協d?

Olberg:  That was at the time of my second 旅行. He said that if I were 逮捕（する）d by the 組織／臓器s of 明言する／公表する 安全 of the U.S.S.R., I was under no circumstances to say that this terroristic 行為／法令／行動する was carried out on Trotsky's 指示／教授／教育s, and at all events, I was to try to 隠す Trotsky's 役割.

Vyshinsky:  Whom did he advise you to throw the 非難する on for the organization of terroristic 行為／法令／行動するs?

Olberg:  On the White Guards, on the Gestapo.

Vyshinsky:  その結果, we may put it this way: you, Valentine Olberg, were connected with Trotsky through his son Sedov; you were sent on Trotsky's direct 指示／教授／教育s, 伝えるd through Sedov, to the U.S.S.R. as Trotsky's スパイ／執行官 to 準備する and carry out a terroristic 行為／法令／行動する against Comrade Stalin?

Olberg:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  ーするために 確実にする the success of this work, you were connected through your brother with the German police?

Olberg:  Yes, that is so.

Vyshinsky:  Now tell us how you 用意が出来ている the terroristic 行為／法令／行動する.Olberg 明言する／公表するs that even before his arrival in Gorky he learned from Sedov that an 地下組織の Trotskyite organization 存在するd in the U.S.S.R., the leaders of wich were Smirnov and Mrachkovsky. He also knew about Bakayev, whom Sedov referred to as a man with "extreme terroristic" inclinations. In Gorky Olberg learned from Fedotov that 活動／戦闘 detachments had been 組織するd before his arrival. All that he had to do was to draw up the 計画（する） for the 試みる／企てる at 暗殺.

The terroristic 行為／法令／行動する was to have been committed in Moscow on May 1, 1936.

Vyshinsky:  What 妨げるd you from carrying out this 計画（する）?

Olberg:  The 逮捕（する）.

Vyshinsky:  Did you 知らせる Sedov of the 進歩 of the 準備s for the terroristic 行為／法令／行動する?

Olberg:  Yes, I wrote him several times at Slomovitz's 演説（する）／住所. And I received a letter from her 明言する／公表するing that our old friend 主張するd that the 論題／論文 for the diploma be submitted by May 1.

Vyshinsky:  論題／論文 for the diploma - what is that?

Olberg:  The 暗殺 of Stalin.

Vyshinsky:  And the old friend - who is that?

Olberg:  The old friend - that is Trotsky.

The 法廷，裁判所 proceeds to 診察する the （刑事）被告 Berman-Yurin.

The 大統領:  Berman-Yurin, tell us what 指示／教授／教育s you received abroad before your 出発 for the Soviet Union?

Berman-Yurin:  I received 指示／教授／教育s from Trotsky to go to the Soviet Union to commit a terroristic 行為／法令／行動する against Stalin. I visited Trotsky 本人自身で in Copenhagen in November 1932. The 会合 was arranged by Sedov.

In reply to Comrade Vyshinsky's questions, Berman-Yurin tells of his 知識 of long standing with Trotsky's son, Sedov, and of his Trotskyite activities beginning with 1931. He was introduced to Sedov by one of the leaders of the German Trotskyites ,Grilevich. Then Berman-Yurin goes on to speak of his 会合s with Sedov.

Berman-Yurin:  I had a number of 会談 with Sedov. Sedov systematically tried to 説得する me, and 納得させるd me, that the fight against the 共産主義者 Party was a fight against Stalin. At the end of 1931 Sedov asked me to see him and 手配中の，お尋ね者 to know whether I knew a 信用d and reliable German who could carry out an important 使節団 which would 伴う／関わる a 旅行 to Moscow. I について言及するd the 指名する of Alfred Kundt whom I knew as a 信頼できる Trotskyite.

On Sedov's 提案, Berman-Yurin met Alfred Kundt and communicated to him the conversation he had had with Sedov. Kundt agreed to go to Moscow. The 使節団 was as follows: he had to take to a 確かな 演説（する）／住所 in Moscow two 文書s from Trotsky, one of which was Trotsky's 指示／教授／教育s on the 仕事s of the テロリスト 地下組織の organization in the U.S.S.R. in Moscow Alfred Kundt was to 設立する personal 接触する with Smirnov and 手渡す him the two 文書s.

Berman-Yurin:  One 文書 関心d Trotsky's 最新の position on questions referring to the international siuation, おもに Germany. I read the second 文書 very carefully. It was written in the handwriting of Sedov and it 含む／封じ込めるd Trotsky's directions 関心ing the 仕事s of the Trotskyite 地下組織の organization in the U.S.S.R. The letter 明言する／公表するd that it was necessary to 準備する to 可決する・採択する resolute and extreme means of struggle, and that with this in 見解（をとる）, resolute people 株ing Trotsky's position had to be selected. Particular attention, 明言する／公表するd the letter, was to be paid to the Trotskyites who were members of the C.P.S.U., but who were not 妥協d as Trotskyites in the 階級s of the Party. The organization was to be built up on the 原則s of strictest secrecy, in small groups, not connected with each other, so that the 発見 of one group might not lead to the 発見 of the whole organization.

Alfred Kundt left for Moscow in January-February 1932. A few days later it became known that he had been at the secret 演説（する）／住所, had 手渡すd over the 文書s, had received the reply as had been arranged, but had not met Smirnov as the latter was not in Moscow. Kundt also 報告（する）／憶測d that he had settled 近づく Moscow,that he had 達成するd some success in his work, and that"things were going allright."

Berman-Yurin 取引，協定s in 詳細（に述べる） with the circumstances of his 会合 and conversation with Trotsky in Copenhagen.

Berman-Yurin:  In November 1932 I had a 会合 with Sedov which I remember very 井戸／弁護士席 because Sedov then, for the first time, spoke 率直に about the necessity of 準備するing to assassinate the leaders of the C.P.S.U. Evidently, Sedov noticed that I was wavering and he said that Trotsky would be in Copenhagen すぐに and asked me whether I would not like to go there and 会合，会う Trotsky. I, of course, 表明するd my 協定.

I arrived in Copenhagen 早期に in the morning. This was at the end of November, between the 25th and the 28th of November, 1932. I was met at the 駅／配置する by Grilevich and we went to see Trotsky. Grilevich introduced me to Trotsky and left; I remained in the room alone with Trotsky.

Now I come to my conversation with Trotsky. I had two 会合s with him. First of all he began to sound me on my work in the past. He asked me why I had gone over to the position of Trotskyism. I told him about this in 広大な／多数の／重要な 詳細（に述べる）. Then Trotsky passed to Soviet 事件／事情／状勢s. Trotsky said: The 主要な／長／主犯 question is the question of Stalin. Stalin must be 肉体的に destroyed. He said that other methods of struggle were now 効果のない／無能な. He said that for this 目的 people were needed who would dare anything, who would agree to sacrifice themselves for this, as he 表明するd it, historic 仕事.

With this the first conversation （機の）カム to an end. Trotsky went somewhere. Berman-Yurin remained in the apartment and waited for his return.

Berman-Yurin:  In the evening we continued our conversation. I asked him how individual テロ行為 could be reconciled with Marxism. To this Trotsky replied: problems cannot be 扱う／治療するd in a dogmatic way. He said that a 状況／情勢 had arisen in the Soviet Union which Marx could not have foreseen. Trotsky also said that in 新規加入 to Stalin it was necessary to assassinate Kaganovich and Voroshilov.

Vyshinsky:  What other questions did he touch upon besides questions of テロ行為?

Berman-Yurin:  Trotsky also 表明するd his 見解（をとる）s on the 状況／情勢 in the event of 介入 against the Soviet Union. He 可決する・採択するd an 絶対 （疑いを）晴らす defeatist 態度. He also said that the Trotskyites must join the army, but that they would not defend the Soviet Union.

Vyshinsky:  Did he 納得させる you?

Berman-Yurin:  During the conversation he nervously paced up and 負かす／撃墜する the room and talked of Stalin with exceptional 憎悪.

Vyshinsky:  Did you give your 同意?

Berman-Yurin:  Yes.

Vyshinsky:  Did your conversation end there?

Berman-Yurin:  I also had a talk with Trotsky about the に引き続いて. After I had given my 同意 he said that I must get ready to go to Moscow, and as I would have 接触する with the Comintern I was to 準備する the terroristic 行為／法令／行動する taking advantage of this 接触する.

Vyshinsky:  So Trotsky not only gave you general 指示／教授／教育s,but also 明確に表すd your 仕事 in a 固める／コンクリート way?

Berman-Yurin:  He said that the terroristic 行為／法令／行動する should, if possible, be timed to take place at a 総会 or at the congress of the Comintern, so that the 発射 at Stalin would （犯罪の）一味 out in a large 議会. This would have a tremendous repercussion far beyond the 国境s of the Soviet Union and would give rise to a 集まり movement all over the world. This would be an historical political event of world significance. Trotsky said that I should not have 接触する with any Trotskyites in Moscow, and that I should carry on the work 独立して. I replied that I did not know anybody in Moscow and it was difficult for me to see how I should 行為／法令／行動する under these circumstances. I said that I had an 知識 指名するd Fritz David, and asked whether I might not get in touch with him. Trotsky replied that he would 教える Sedov to （疑いを）晴らす up this 事柄 and that he would give him 指示／教授／教育s to this 影響.

This conversation took place at the end of November, 1932. Berman-Yurin left for Moscow in March, 1933. Before his 出発 Sedov 教えるd him to get in touch with Fritz David and to 準備する the terroristic 行為／法令／行動する in 合同 with him. Soon after his arrival in Moscow Berman-Yurin met Fritz David, and together they discussed the terroristic 計画（する） and began to make 準備s to carry it out. At first they thought it possible to make an 試みる／企てる on Comrade Stalin's life at the XIII 総会 of the E.C.C.I. Fritz David was to have 安全な・保証するd an admission ticket for Berman-Yurin who was to shoot at Stalin. On the eve of the 総会, however, it was 設立する that no ticket could be 得るd for Berman-Yurin, and the 計画（する） failed. It was decided to 延期する the 暗殺 of Comrade Stalin until the 議会 of the Comintern.

Berman-Yurin:  The 議会 was to have been 会を召集するd in September 1934. I gave Fritz David a Browning ピストル and 弾丸s to hide. But before the 開始 of the 議会 Fritz David 知らせるd me that he had again failed to 得る a ticket for me, but that he himself would be at the 議会. We agreed that he should be the one to commit the terroristic 行為／法令／行動する.

Several days later I met Fritz David, and he said that he could not manage to shoot. He was sitting in a box in which there were many people and there was no 可能性 of 狙撃. Thus, this 計画（する） failed too.

In December Fritz David 知らせるd me that an 特使 from Sedov and Trotsky had been to see him receutly and 手配中の，お尋ね者 to know why the terroristic 行為／法令／行動する had not been committed. Fritz David gave him 詳細（に述べる）d （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）, and received 指示／教授／教育s to take advantage of another 適切な時期, to 促進する the 準備s for the 行為／法令／行動する and to take advantage of some 会議／協議会 or 歓迎会 to which I or Fritz David were to 伸び（る） 入ること／参加（者） at all costs and there to assassinate Stalin.

In May 1936 Fritz David 知らせるd me that another 特使 - a German - had arrived from Trotsky and visited him, and had spoken to him 極端に はっきりと, 告発する／非難するing us of 存在 inactive, irresolute, 欠如（する）ing courage, and had literally 需要・要求するd that we take advantage of any 適切な時期 that might arise to assassinate Stalin. We must make haste, we must not lose time, he said.

At the end of May 1936 Iwas 逮捕（する）d and my terroristic activities were stopped.

At the end of the examination of Berman-Yurin Comrade Vyshinsky once again questions him about his 会合s with Trotsky's son, Sedov. Berman-Yurin 証言するs that he had had たびたび（訪れる） 会合s with him in the period from the end of 1931 to March, 1933.

Vyshinsky:  Both Trotsky and Sedov raised before you the question of テロ行為 and 勧めるd you to agree to commit a terroristic 行為／法令／行動する?

Berman-Yurin:  やめる true.

Vyshinsky:  You gave your 同意 and were sent by Trotsky?

Berman-Yurin:  By Trotsky through Sedov.

After the examination of Berman-Yurin the evening 開会／開廷／会期 of August 20 の近くにs.