Injurious 影響s of 水銀柱，温度計 as used in dentistry

By E.S. Talbot (1883)

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The 支配する of 水銀の 毒（薬）ing from the use of amalgam fillings in decayed teeth, has given rise to numberless articles, and has been a source of discussion in dental societies since its introduction into this country. Symptoms of 水銀の 毒（薬）ing have manifested themselves in 事例／患者s where these amalgams have been 雇うd, 原因（となる）ing the 科学の members of the profession to 調査／捜査する these fillings, to 決定する if these symptoms are 予定 to the 水銀柱，温度計 含む／封じ込めるd in its composition. Nor is this 調査 限定するd to men of science; the ordinary practitioner is 絶えず 会合 these symptoms, and by careful 観察 will be able to 診断する these 事例／患者s when met with. I will について言及する two 事例／患者s which have come under my notice. ”... is it not a necessary consequence that amalgam fillings, which, as I have 証明するd, are 絶えず giving off 水銀柱，温度計 ガス／煙s to be 吸い込むd into the 肺s, not a few times daily, but always, without 停止 day or night, is it not a necessary consequence that in many 極度の慎重さを要する persons such fillings must produce deleterious 影響s?” January 18, 1878, Mrs. W_____, 29 years of age, had several amalgam fillings 挿入するd by me. At that time, and for the three 後継するing years, she was under a 内科医's 治療 for antroversion of the uterus, when she was 解任するd by him as cured. During this time she 協議するd me at intervals in regard to her teeth. For a year past she has complained of trembling at times, coldness, 頭痛, swelling of the 四肢s, enlargement of the （分泌する為の）腺s, and 苦痛 about the jaws, tongue swollen and sore, teeth loose and tender upon 圧力, 示すd salivation, and a metallic taste in the mouth; appetite poor, and bowels 不規律な; symptoms 徐々に 増加するing until six weeks ago when she was 完全に prostrated, and 限定するd to her bed part of the time. Wishing to 得る the opinion of others, I 協議するd three able 内科医s, all of whom pronounced it a 事例／患者 of 水銀の 毒（薬）ing. Four weeks ago I 除去するd all the amalgam fillings at one sitting, and 取って代わるd them with gutta percha. A slight 改良 was noticeable within a week, and a few of the symptoms disappeared. I have refilled some of the teeth with gold, 手渡す 圧力 存在 要求するd on account of the soreness. The metallic taste had disappeared, the tongue is normal in size, and where before she was irritable and nervous, she is now 有望な and cheerful, and 伸び（る）ing 刻々と in 負わせる. 行方不明になる M_____, a nurse, 40 years old, （機の）カム to me at the suggestion of her 内科医, to have her teeth …に出席するd to. Soon after her 回復 from diphtheric paralysis of the throat, she had a tooth filled with amalgam. She experienced a disagreeable sensation and some 苦痛 すぐに after the 操作／手術. She 苦しむd 大いに from the tooth, and had an 過度の flow of saliva. Her taste was impaired, and she felt a 麻ひさせるd sensation of the muscles upon that 味方する of the mouth. In nine days she had the tooth 抽出するd. The saliva 徐々に 中止するd flowing, but at the time of her visit to my office, four weeks after her tooth was 抽出するd, she had not 完全に 回復するd the normal 条件 of the muscles. 一般に, the poisonous 影響s of amalgam filling do not manifest themselves すぐに after the filling is 挿入するd. Years may elapse before the symptoms indicative of 水銀の 毒（薬）ing, which fact but 追加するs to the danger of this sort of stopping for the teeth. The 疑惑s are not 誘発するd to the real 原因（となる） of 病気s, until the system becomes saturated. Occasionally other 原因（となる）s 土台を崩す the system, and place persons in a 条件 susceptible to its 有毒な 影響（力）s. I 設立する the general opinion of writers on this 支配する to be, on the one 手渡す, that when 水銀柱，温度計 and alloys formed a 化学製品 union, and the hardening 過程 took place, the 水銀柱，温度計 could not detach itself from the other metals. On the other 手渡す, that a 化学製品 研究室／実験室 must be 始める，決める up in the mouth, and the 水銀柱，温度計 変えるd into some of the 有毒な 構内／化合物s, to produce systemic 影響s. All 実験s hitherto, so far as I know, have sought for the results by supposing that the 酸性のs of the mouth 行為／法令／行動するd upon the 水銀柱，温度計 of the amalgam. These 実験s were made 大部分は, if not wholly, from a 化学製品 見地, and the results in all 事例／患者s were wholly insufficient to explain the 原因（となる） of 水銀の 毒（薬）ing. These 実験s were 行為／行うd out of the mouth with the different 酸性のs at all strengths and at all 気温s without finding any traces of 水銀柱，温度計 with their reagents. Other results could hardly be 推定する／予想するd when we consider that nitric 酸性の 影響する／感情s 水銀柱，温度計 only at 60 degrees Far., sulphuric 酸性の only when heated, and hydrochloric 酸性の has no 影響 upon it. Knowing that 水銀柱，温度計 gives off vapors at all 気温s, which are 増加するd by the 活動／戦闘 of the heat, I 開始するd a 一連の 実験s to ascertain to what extent this change takes place in amalgam fillings, and if it is possible for the vapor of 水銀柱，温度計 to be 解放するd after the 化学製品 change or hardening 過程 has occurred. In 行為／行うing these 実験s, I 用意が出来ている the ammonio-nitrate of silver, as that is a delicate reagent, and with it wrote upon white paper. After putting the amalgam to be 実験（する）d in a 瓶／封じ込める, the （土地などの）細長い一片 of paper was placed across the mouth of the 瓶／封じ込める and the stopper 固く結び付けるd. Should a 水銀の vapor arise, the letters on the paper would become 黒人／ボイコット. Leaving the 瓶／封じ込める for ten minutes I 診察するd it again, and 設立する the 令状ing in plain 黒人／ボイコット coloring. This is one of the many 実験s 類似して 行為／行うd, the amalgams 変化させるing in age from six months to sixteen years, and immersed in both saliva and water, with a water bath 大（公）使館員d to keep them at the normal 気温 of the 団体／死体. They were 成し遂げるd in the dark, as the rays of light 分解する the ammonio-nitrate of silver. In each instance, the vapor of 水銀柱，温度計 答える／応じるd to the 実験（する）. To make sure that the amalgams 原因（となる）d the 化学製品 実験（する）, an empty 瓶／封じ込める was 支配するd to the same 実験（する）s, with, of course, no results. The rapidity with which the evaporization of 水銀柱，温度計 takes place depende upon three factors, すなわち: the 気温, the area of exposed surface, and the 量 of discoloration upon the filling, and not upon the 量 of 水銀柱，温度計 含む／封じ込めるd in the fillings. The vapor is given off proportionately with the 増加する in 気温, the heat of the 団体／死体 存在 greater than the 普通の／平均（する） atmospheric 気温; the vapor which exudes from a filling in the mouth, 越えるs that from a like 量 of 水銀柱，温度計 exposed in the open 空気／公表する. Amalgams are 一般に 挿入するd where large fillings and difficult 操作／手術s are 要求するd; その結果 the 量 of exposed surface is 広大な／多数の／重要な, and 産する／生じるs vapor abundantly. The 製造業者s are 努力するing to place upon the market amalgams which will not discolor in the mouth. Do they consider the 災害s they are encouraging? The 有望な surfaces are 都合のよい to vaporization, and Dr. ワット, who has considered this 支配する thoughtfully, says: "The worst 事例／患者s of 毒（薬）ing we have 証言，証人／目撃するd are those in which the amalgams 保持する their 初めの 有望な color". ”内科医s in 扱う／治療するing dyspeptics, anaemics and persons 苦しむing from nervous debility, would do 井戸／弁護士席 to 診察する the mouths of 患者s, and know if 人工的な teeth on red rubber, or fillings of natural teeth, have in their composition 水銀柱，温度計 or any of its 構内／化合物s.” Dr. Bartholow in his work on THERAPEUTICS says: "As used in the mechanical arts by gilders and others, the ガス／煙s of 水銀柱，温度計 原因（となる） wasting, ptyalism, necrosis of bones, trembling, impaired intellect, and, in women, abortion". Professor Haines while 旅行ing on the 太平洋の coast this spring, visited the 水銀の 地雷s, and 設立する, in 協議するing the 居住（者） 内科医, that few of the workmen escaped salivation, and those connected with the distilling 過程 were 強いるd to 保護する the 肺s by wearing a 保護物，者 over the mouth and nose. The foreman of the 作品, while passing a 漏れるing 麻薬を吸う, 吸い込むd the vapor of 水銀柱，温度計, and became so impregnated that he was for a time delirious. The doctor was puzzled that some of the 鉱夫s, in digging the sulphide of 水銀柱，温度計, were salivated, and others were not 影響する／感情d. Upon 調査 he discovered that the smokers were the men who were 影響する／感情d by the 毒（薬）; that in rubbing the タバコ in their 手渡すs they mixed the 粒子s of the 鉱石 with the タバコ, and the heat in 燃やすing 減ずるd the 鉱石 to pure 水銀柱，温度計, which was drawn through the 茎・取り除く into the 肺s. They 中止するd smoking in the 地雷s, and were not 影響する／感情d after. Parish says that long trituration of calomel 増加するs its 力／強力にする to salivate. This is applicable to all 準備s of 水銀柱，温度計 used with an excipient medicinally. The homoeopaths rub up pure 水銀柱，温度計 with the sugar of milk into different grades, and these are the finest forms in which 水銀柱，温度計 is 定める／命ずるd, and yet the severest 事例／患者s of salivation and 憲法の symptoms have been produced by these スパイ／執行官s on account of their 存在 so readily taken up by the 血. Is it not a reasonable supposition that, as the poisonous symptoms are produced in 割合 with the subdivision of the 粒子s of 水銀柱，温度計, that the system will be more 本気で 影響する／感情d by the vapor of 水銀柱，温度計, which is finer than any mechanical subdivision can be. ーするために ascertain the 影響s of the vapor of 水銀柱，温度計, I have 雇うd it in a 一連の 実験s upon 工場／植物s and animals. I 用意が出来ている three two-ounce 瓶／封じ込めるs. The first 含む／封じ込めるd ten 穀物s of pure 水銀柱，温度計; the second, an amalgam filling three months old; the third was an empty 瓶／封じ込める. In each of the 瓶／封じ込めるs I put two roaches, and then covered the mouths of the 瓶／封じ込めるs with gauze. In two days the one in 瓶／封じ込める with pure 水銀柱，温度計 died, the remaining one lived nine days. In 瓶／封じ込める 含む／封じ込めるing amalgam filling one roach lived four days, while the other lived eleven days. Those in the empty 瓶／封じ込める lived fifteen and sixteen days. The 非常に／多数の 実験s of this sort 証明するd that the roaches in the 瓶／封じ込めるs 含む／封じ込めるing amalgams invariably died before those in the empty 瓶／封じ込めるs. の中で 実験s upon animals was one upon a guinea pig placed on a gauze 壇・綱領・公約 in a glass jar over pure 水銀柱，温度計. He 現在のd all the symptoms of 水銀の 毒（薬）ing. He became emaciated and trembling, the 団体／死体 and 四肢s were 冷淡な. He ぐずぐず残るd along for two weeks, and died. It is the opinion of many 著名な scientists that 水銀柱，温度計 吸い込むd into the 肺s produces a more 高くする，増すd 影響 than when taken into the stomach. の中で this number Professor Stille in his THERAPEUTICS (Vol. II, page 789), says: "Of the several 方式s by which 水銀柱，温度計 is made to enter the 団体／死体, inhalation most speedily produces the 明確な／細部 影響（力） of the 薬／医学, - which theory 確認するs the belief that the vaporization of 水銀柱，温度計 from amalgam fillings, occurring as it does 絶えず, and 存在 carried into the 肺s without 停止, is a most 効果的な manner of producing 水銀の 毒（薬）ing. All persons are not 平等に 影響する／感情d by the vapor of 水銀柱，温度計; while possible for some to 吸い込む 水銀柱，温度計 without deleterious 影響s, others would 表明する the most decided symptoms of 水銀の 毒（薬）ing with いっそう少なく 量. Colson 明言する／公表するs that in 1821-23 he, with several other 抑留するs and externs of the venereal 区s of the Hospital de la Petite were salivated by the 水銀の atmosphere, nor did they get rid of the affection while they continued to たびたび（訪れる） these 区s. Résumé First. - 水銀の vapor is given off from amalgam fillings at all ages and from all varieties. Even from fillings sixteen years old the vaporization is 十分な in 量 to 答える／応じる to 化学製品 実験（する）s. Second. - Minute doses of 水銀柱，温度計, if taken internally three times a day, are 有能な of producing decided 影響. Third. - 水銀柱，温度計, when 吸い込むd into the 肺s, is far more active than when taken into the stomach. Fourth. - If small doses, taken into the stomach occasionally, are 有能な of producing 示すd 影響, and the vapor is much more active than the solid 準備 of the metal, is it not a necessary consequence that amalgam fillings, which, as I have 証明するd, are 絶えず giving off 水銀柱，温度計 ガス／煙s to be 吸い込むd into the 肺s, not a few times daily, but always, without 停止 day or night, is it not a necessary consequence that in many 極度の慎重さを要する persons such fillings must produce deleterious 影響s? Fifth. - When トンs of this 構成要素 are 消費するd 毎年, is it not 信頼できる that many 憲法s are 影響する／感情d? Sixth. - 内科医s in 扱う／治療するing dyspeptics, anaemics and persons 苦しむing from nervous debility, would do 井戸／弁護士席 to 診察する the mouths of 患者s, and know if 人工的な teeth on red rubber, or fillings of natural teeth, have in their composition 水銀柱，温度計 or any of its 構内／化合物s. 公式文書，認める: The 十分な citation reads: Talbot E.S., "Injurious 影響s of 水銀柱，温度計 as used in dentistry", Missouri Dent. J., 15:124-30, 1883.