The chemistry and physiological 活動／戦闘 of 水銀柱，温度計 as used in amalgam fillings

By E.S. Talbot (1882)

About this text.

The 指名する 水銀柱，温度計 was given by the 古代のs in 栄誉（を受ける） of Mercurius, the messenger of the gods, whose volatile character 水銀柱，温度計 is supposed to typify. It is seldom 設立する in the native 明言する／公表する, but is usually 連合させるd. The most important 同様に as the most abundant combination is the sulphide of 水銀柱，温度計, or cinnabar. It is 設立する 部隊d with silver, forming an amalgam. The largest and richest 地雷s are 設立する in California. The 過程 of 得るing pure 水銀柱，温度計 from the sulphide is very simple. The 鉱石 is mixed with one-half its 負わせる of lime, and then distilled in アイロンをかける retorts. The 水銀柱，温度計 is 抽出するd and the lime remains in the retort. It is a 激しい fluid metal, odorless, tasteless, of a whitish color, and when 解放する／自由な from other metals it does not （名声などを）汚す, and its globules roll 自由に over white paper without leaving a streak or losing their form. It is liquid at ordinary 気温s. It boils at 662 degrees F., and solidifies at -40 degrees F. into a malleable 集まり of octahedral 水晶s. It is volatile at all 気温s, evaporation 存在 much 加速するd by the 使用／適用 of heat. The symbol is Hg, 原子の 負わせる 200. 水銀柱，温度計 連合させるs with other elements and 過激なs in two 割合s. Those 構内／化合物s in which the lesser acidulous 過激なs are 部隊d are 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語d mercurous. The higher mercuric - thus, calomel (HgCl) is mercurous chloride; while corrosive sublimate (HgCl2) is mercuric chloride. 水銀柱，温度計 連合させるs with chlorine, iodine, bromine, lead, oxygen, phosphorous, sulphur, arsenic, bismuth, etc., forming 構内／化合物s, some of which are used medicinally. The metal itself, rubbed up in confection of roses, licorice or suet until globules are not 明白な to the unaided 注目する，もくろむ, is used in 薬／医学. ”It is one of the most objectionable articles for filling teeth that can be 雇うd, and yet from the wonderful virtues ascribed to this pernicious 構内／化合物 by those who used it, thousands were induced to try its efficacy.” Amalgams were introduced into this country as fillings for decayed teeth in 1833. Since that time 制限のない discussion has arisen の中で the general practitioners of 薬／医学 同様に as the dentists, in regard to the practicability of 利用するing this 構成要素 in dentistry. The first amalgams were composed of pure silver and 水銀柱，温度計, 製造（する）d by M. Taveau. Later, Dr. Evans 連合させるd pure tin with a small 量 of cadmium, and Dr. Townsend formed an amalgam with four parts of silver to five parts of tin. に引き続いて these compositions （機の）カム 非常に／多数の others made from gold, silver, platinum, and tin, until to-day we have more than a hundred varieties in the market, 変化させるing わずかに in metals and 割合s, that each 製造業者 may rightly （人命などを）奪う，主張する an 初めの 準備. These different metals are melted in a crucible in their proper 割合s by 負わせる, and 注ぐd into 鋳塊s. These are とじ込み／提出するd or 削減（する） into minute 粒子s, ready for use. When the cavity in the tooth is 用意が出来ている, a 十分な 量 of filings is rubbed up with 水銀柱，温度計 into a paste, the 黒字／過剰 水銀柱，温度計 squeezed out, and the filling is 挿入するd into the tooth. From its first 使用／適用 as a filling the better class of dental practitioners 行うd war against it on general 原則s; not alone on account of the deleterious 影響s of the 水銀柱，温度計 in its composition, but because of its unsightly 外見 and demoralizing 影響s upon the dental profession. The manner in which it was introduced into the country called 前へ／外へ the 非難 of all having a regard for professional etiquette: "Two adventurers, without 技術 or any （人命などを）奪う，主張する to the 肩書を与える of dentist, suddenly appeared in New York and began dental practice まっただ中に such a にわか雨 of 宣伝s, a profusion of 陳列する，発揮する, and a metaphorical 繁栄する of trumpets, as 原因（となる）d our staid and dignified dental 家系 to bound with surprise and indignation". (vide History of American Dentistry) From that time onward the use of amalgam has 増加するd, until now トンs are 消費するd 年一回の in filling teeth. Dr. Harris, in his 開始 演説（する）／住所 to the first class of the Baltimore College of Dental 外科, in 1840, says: "It is one of the most objectionable articles for filling teeth that can be 雇うd, and yet from the wonderful virtues ascribed to this pernicious 構内／化合物 by those who used it, thousands were induced to try its efficacy". At the 会合s of the dental societies this 支配する was spiritedly discussed with strong arguments against its use. The first 公式の／役人 行為／法令／行動する in the 事柄 was the 任命 in 1841 of a 委員会 by the American Society of Dental 外科医s to 報告（する）／憶測 on the use of lithodeon - mineral paste, and all other 実体s of which 水銀柱，温度計 is an 成分, for stopping teeth. They 報告（する）／憶測d in 実体 that the use of all such articles was hurtful to the teeth and every part of the mouth, and that there was no tooth in which caries in it could be 逮捕（する）d and the 組織／臓器 （判決などを）下すd serviceable by 存在 filled, in which gold could not be 雇うd. This 報告（する）／憶測 was 全員一致で 可決する・採択するd. (vide American 定期刊行物 of Dental Science) At a 会合 of the same society July 20, 1843, the use of amalgams was 宣言するd to be malpractice, and a 委員会 任命するd to その上の 調査／捜査する the 支配する. They referred the 事柄 to the 医療の Society of the 郡 of Onondaga, New York. The 報告（する）／憶測 of the 医療の 委員会 was to the 影響 that no care in the combination or the use of the paste will 妨げる its 時折の bad 影響s. In 1845, the Mississippi Valley 協会 of Dental 外科医s 解決するd that the use of Amalgam fillings was unprofessional and injurious, and would not be countenanced by its members. The 活動／戦闘s of the さまざまな societies had very little 影響; amalgam 軍隊d its way into the offices of the 大多数 of dentists in the country. Many excellent practitioners were expelled, and others 辞職するd from the societies to which they belonged. In 1850, a 決意／決議 was passed 全員一致で by the American Society of dental 外科医s to 無効にする the 誓約（する） made by the same society 以前. Thus ended the いわゆる amalgam war. It will be 観察するd that no 科学の 研究s were made to ascertain whether deleterious 影響s were produced by 水銀柱，温度計; the 長，指導者 反対する of the 騒動 was, 明らかに, to rid the profession of charlatans and their obnoxious 構成要素s. These discussions, which have 原因（となる）d so much bitterness and 敵意 の中で the members of societies, have latterly 誘発するd a feeling of enquiry into the 科学の 分析 of this filling for teeth, resulting in the 発見 of a 質 in its composition 有能な of producing salivation, and all other symptoms of 毒（薬）ing. Many able practitioners of dentistry have 実験d with all the different 酸性のs with no 満足な results. When we consider that nitric 酸性の 解散させるs 水銀柱，温度計 at 60 degrees F.; concentrated sulphuric 酸性の 解散させるs 水銀柱，温度計 only when heated; hydro-chloric 酸性の does not 影響する／感情 it at all - how can we 推定する／予想する the 女性 酸性のs of the mouth, diluted by saliva, to 原因（となる） a 化学製品 change? If past 実験s have 証明するd unsatisfactory, it does not discourage me in the 試みる／企てる to discover, if possible, by 実験 and by the careful 熟考する／考慮する of the 支配する of 水銀柱，温度計 in its every particular, some 手がかり（を与える） to this perplexing question. Having 満足させるd myself that the poisonous 影響s are not produced by the 化学製品 changes in the mouth, I have 完全に ignored this theory, and have looked about for a more simple and direct 原因（となる）. In commenting upon 水銀の 毒（薬）ing, the idea has been 前進するd that the vaporization of 水銀柱，温度計 takes place only during the hardening 過程, and, that 存在 consummated so quickly, no deleterious 影響s can occur. ”The rapidity with which the evaporation of 水銀柱，温度計 takes place depends upon the 量 of heat and the surface exposed, and not upon the 量 of 水銀柱，温度計 含む／封じ込めるd in the fillings.” In the construction of an amalgam two changes take place, the first 存在 the mechanical, or mixing together of the 成分s, the second the 化学製品, or hardening of the composition. My first 実験 was to place metallic 水銀柱，温度計 in a four ounce glass-stoppered 瓶／封じ込める, and 服従させる／提出する it to the gold 実験（する）, by 一時停止するing a piece of gold 失敗させる／負かす in the centre of the 瓶／封じ込める, taking care that it did not come in 接触する with the 味方するs, and 固く結び付けるing the stopper. I placed it under different 気温s, of from 20 to 130 degrees F. In about thirty-six hours the surface of the gold became coated with 水銀柱，温度計, giving it a gray color. This 証明するd the evaporation of the metal. I then mixed a 量 of the Chicago 精製するing Co.'s amalgam, によれば their 決まり文句／製法, three parts of 水銀柱，温度計 to eight parts of filings, and 支配するd it to the same 実験（する）. The reagent was not 十分に delicate to produce any perceptible change. Wishing to bring the highest 化学製品 技術 to 耐える upon the 実験s, I 協議するd Prof. Haines, of 急ぐ 医療の College, who kindly 補助装置d me. At his suggestion, I procured two delicate reagents, the ammonio-nitrate of silver, and the chloride of platinum. In 準備するing the ammonio-nitrate of silver, I 許すd thirty 穀物s of nitrate of silver to the ounce of water, and put a small 量 of the 解答 in the 実験（する） tube. This was heated, and aqua ammonia 追加するd until a precipitate formed. 増加するing the aqua ammonia until the precipitate （疑いを）晴らすd up, I took a quill and, with this liquid, wrote upon white paper. After putting the 実体 to be 実験（する）d in the 瓶／封じ込める, the （土地などの）細長い一片 of paper was placed across the mouth of the 瓶／封じ込める, and the stopper 固く結び付けるd. Should a vapor arise, the liquid would become 黒人／ボイコット. Leaving the 瓶／封じ込める for ten minutes, I 診察するd it again, and 設立する the 令状ing in plain 黒人／ボイコット coloring. The chloride of platinum produced the same results, but 要求するd more time to 遂行する it. The rapidity with which the evaporation of 水銀柱，温度計 takes place depends upon the 量 of heat and the surface exposed, and not upon the 量 of 水銀柱，温度計 含む／封じ込めるd in the fillings. Thus a jar 含む／封じ込めるing one quart of water would evaporate the same 量 as a jar of like surface 含む／封じ込めるing a gallon, the latter taking four times longer to empty. In the に引き続いて 実験s, I 大（公）使館員d a 温度計 to a water bath, and heated to the 気温 of the 団体／死体, 98 degrees to 100 degrees F., to 持続する an even 気温. I 行為／行うd these 実験s in the dark, as the rays of light 分解する the ammonio-nitrate of silver. The （土地などの）細長い一片s of paper 含む／封じ込めるing the reagent were placed in the mouths of all the 瓶／封じ込めるs, 含むing an empty 瓶／封じ込める, which was used in each 実験, to 証明する there was no mistake. 実験 No. 2 - Three 瓶／封じ込めるs were 用意が出来ている. In the first was placed an amalgam filling made from Chicago 精製するing Company's amalgam, によれば their 決まり文句／製法. In the second was placed an amalgam filling of like size, 含む／封じ込めるing five 穀物s more of 水銀柱，温度計. In the third 瓶／封じ込める there was nothing. After a lapse of ten minutes I 診察するd the 瓶／封じ込めるs and 設立する the 令状ing on the paper across the mouth of 瓶／封じ込めるs Nos. 1 and 2 was 黒人／ボイコット, while there was no discoloration of paper in the third 瓶／封じ込める. 実験 No. 3 - A repetition of No. 2, with the exception of the reagent chloride of platinum 存在 代用品，人d for the ammonio-nitrate of silver. The results were the same in both. The time 要求するd for the latter 存在 ten hours, while but ten minutes were 要求するd for the ammonio-nitrate of silver. In 行為／行うing the 残りの人，物 of the 実験s the ammonio-nitrate of silver was 雇うd, it 存在 the more delicate reagent, その結果 producing a more 示すd impression, and also 消費するing いっそう少なく time than chloride of platinum. 実験 No. 4 - Two 瓶／封じ込めるs were 用意が出来ている. In the first 瓶／封じ込める were placed 捨てるs of amalgam six months old. In the second there was nothing. In ten minutes the 令状ing on the paper was 黒人／ボイコット in the first 瓶／封じ込める, and uncolored in the second. 実験 No. 5 - 瓶／封じ込める No. 1 含む／封じ込めるd amalgam fillings which had remained in the teeth from two to ten years. 瓶／封じ込める No. 2 was empty. The results in both 存在 the same as in 実験 No. 4. 実験 No. 6 - In 瓶／封じ込める No. 1 I put an amalgam filling which had been in the mouth sixteen years. In 瓶／封じ込める No. 2 there was nothing. At the end of twenty-four hours I 設立する the paper discolored in the first, and not in the second. 実験 No. 7 - To 論証する that nothing in the composition of the fresh filings could 原因（となる） the discoloration I 許すd some filings to remain 調印（する）d in the 瓶／封じ込める for twenty-four hours. At the end of that time discovered no 調印するs of color on the paper. 実験 No. 8 - I procured four 準備s of mercurious vivus. No. 1 含む／封じ込めるd 1/10 gr. 水銀柱，温度計 to 1 gr. of sugar of milk. No. 2 " 1/100 " " " " No. 3 " 1/1000 gr. " " " " No. 4 " 1/1000000 " " " " A small 量 of each of these 準備s was placed in 瓶／封じ込めるs 示すd 1, 2, 3, 4. In No. 5 there was nothing save the reagent. The 影響 was alike in each of the four 瓶／封じ込めるs 含む／封じ込めるing the mixture. Those having the greatest 量 of 水銀柱，温度計 原因（となる）d the deepest color to the paper and 要求するd いっそう少なく time. As before, No. 5 was 影響を受けない. ーするために 決定する the difference, if any, in 負わせる after evaporation, I 得るd strong glass tubes one-half インチ in length, and one-fourth インチ in 直径, and packed them carefully with amalgam fillings. 許すing twenty-four hours for hardening, I 重さを計るd them, and at the end of three months I again 重さを計るd them, finding in some no change at all, and in others an 増加する in 負わせる. This is accounted for by the fact that oxydation and accumulation of moisture on the amalgam equaled in some and 越えるd in others the loss of 負わせる by evaporation. I am in 所有／入手 of numberless 事例／患者s of 毒（薬）ing from 水銀柱，温度計 in amalgam fillings. I will について言及する but one, and 報告（する）／憶測 one 事例／患者 from my practice. The Dental 登録（する）, January, 1872, has the に引き続いて 事例／患者 of 毒（薬）ing from 水銀柱，温度計 in a tooth filling: "John T. Smith died from salivation, 原因（となる）d from having a tooth filled with amalgam. Dr. Sprague …に出席するd the 事例／患者, and afterwards called Drs. Davis and Buffin, all of whom agreed that he was 苦しむing from the 影響s of 水銀柱，温度計 現在の in the amalgam used in filling one of his teeth. The filling had salivated the unfortunate man, and, as the inside of his mouth, throat, and windpipe swelled, respiration was 妨げるd, and finally 中止するd altogether. Dr. Davis made the 地位，任命する-mortem examination in the presence of the 検死官 and 陪審／陪審員団 of 検死, 開始 the chest, taking out the 肺s, and 抽出するing the filled tooth. No 調印するs of 病気s were 設立する, except that 原因（となる）d by the 水銀柱，温度計, and it was made （疑いを）晴らす to the 陪審／陪審員団 by the Doctor that this 原因（となる）d his death. The 陪審／陪審員団 returned a 判決 that the 死んだ （機の）カム to his death by suffocation, 原因（となる）d by inflammation of the （分泌する為の）腺s and infiltration of the tissues of the neck, producing の近くにing of the traechea by 圧力 thereon; 'and we その上の believe that the above 原因（となる）s were brought about by the 活動／戦闘 of 水銀柱，温度計, used in filling the second molar tooth of the 権利 味方する of the lower jaw, by Dr. E. D. Keef, Marysville, Kansas.'" A 事例／患者 in practice: A lady from one of the towns in Illinois （機の）カム to Chicago for 治療, having been troubled with dyspepsia and nervous debility for two years. While under the 内科医's care she complained 絶えず of a peculiar feeling and taste in her mouth. The doctor 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑うd the trouble might arise from a rubber plate which she had worn for four years, and advised her to 協議する me. Upon examination, I 設立する a 十分な upper plate, composed of rubber, and on the lower jaw the molars were gone, except the second and third upon the left 味方する. In the 栄冠を与える of the 知恵 tooth was a large amalgam filling, and also one in the 栄冠を与える and posterior approximal surface 延長するing to the 解放する／自由な 利ざや of the gum in the second molar. These had been 挿入するd about two years previous. I noticed that the gums and the mucous lining of the mouth and salivary （分泌する為の）腺s were やめる tender. There was a strong metallic taste in the mouth, and a metallic odor to the breath. She had a peculiar 麻ひさせるd sensation in the left 味方する of the tongue, which she had experienced for two years. She also 知らせるd me that the saliva flowed so 自由に that at night her 着せる／賦与するing and pillow were saturated, and 概算の the loss of saliva each night to equal one pint. I 示唆するd the 除去 of the amalgam fillings and rubber plate, and substitution of gold. She assented to the proposition, and as 早期に as possible I undertook the 操作／手術s. Upon 除去するing the amalgam fillings and 適用するing the rubber dam, the saliva flowed in streams, 完全に saturating several towels. After refilling the teeth, and 挿入するing a gold plate, the unpleasant sensation in the tongue and metallic taste disappeared. At the end of two weeks the （分泌する為の）腺s were 大いに 改善するd, and the soreness under the tongue (of which she had complained at her first visit) was 傷をいやす／和解させるd. ”One who is familiar with the old method of making looking-glasses, with tin 失敗させる／負かす and 水銀柱，温度計, knows that the workman would be literally saturated with it, so that he could not be 有能な of 扱うing a gold or silver watch without its becoming amalgamated ...” It is the 受託するd opinion of 内科医s 一般に, that 水銀柱，温度計 uncom- 貯蔵所d has no 憲法の 影響. Dr. Atkinson said before the 会合 of the American Dental 協会 in Boston, August, 1880: "You must 連合させる the 分子s of 水銀柱，温度計 with some other スパイ／執行官 before they can have any affinity for the 団体／死体 at all. One who is familiar with the old method of making looking-glasses, with tin 失敗させる／負かす and 水銀柱，温度計, knows that the workman would be literally saturated with it, so that he could not be 有能な of 扱うing a gold or silver watch without its becoming amalgamated, and all this, too, without his health 存在 妥協d by the 水銀柱，温度計 so long as it remains in a metallic 明言する／公表する". The correctness of this theory may be questioned, as it has been proven that these workmen have been 影響する／感情d by the vapor of 水銀柱，温度計, when not 保護するd by a 隠す over the mouth and nose. Dr. Bartholow, in his work on 治療力のあるs, p. 177, says: "As used in the mechanical arts, by gilders and others, the ガス／煙s of 水銀柱，温度計 原因（となる） wasting, ptyalism, necrosis of bones, trembling, impaired intellect, and, in women, abortion". "Walter ローマ法王 について言及するs a workman who for six months had not 扱うd 水銀柱，温度計; yet he （判決などを）下すd a piece of 巡査 as white as silver by rubbing it between his fingers". Parish says that long tritur- ation of calomel 増加するs its 力／強力にする to salivate. This is also applicable to all 準備s of 水銀柱，温度計 used with an excipient, medicinally. The homeopaths divide and subdivide 粒子s, によれば the 要求するd prep- arations, some of the 過激な members of the school （人命などを）奪う，主張するing best results from the highest potencies, while the more 保守的な practitioners pre- fer a middle ground. They rub up pure 水銀柱，温度計 with sugar of milk into six different grades, the first 含む／封じ込めるing one-tenth gr. of 水銀柱，温度計 to one gr. sugar of milk; the second, one one-hundredth gr. of 水銀柱，温度計 to one gr. sugar of milk, etc., as before について言及するd in this paper. These are the finest forms in which 水銀柱，温度計 is 定める／命ずるd, and yet the severest 事例／患者s of salivation and 憲法の symptoms have been produced by these スパイ／執行官s, on account of their 存在 so readily taken up by the 血. Is it not a reasonable supposition that, if poisonous symptoms are produced in 割合 with the subdivision of the 粒子s of 水銀柱，温度計, that the system will be more 厳しく 影響する／感情d by the vapor of 水銀柱，温度計, which is finer than any mechanical subdivision can be? Dr. Somers 解任するs an instance of a lady 患者 becoming 完全に salivated, the gums and mucous lining of the mouth inflamed and teeth 緩和するd, by taking a second bath, in which forty 穀物s of the 黒人／ボイコット 酸化物 of 水銀柱，温度計 were used. He thinks she could not have 吸収するd one-twentieth of the 量 in the form of vapor. As a forcible illustration, I 引用する the experience of the sailors on board the man-of-war "勝利", which, in April, 1810, took from the 難破させる of a Spanish ship thirty トンs of quicksilver, 含む／封じ込めるd in 捕らえる、獲得するs of fifty 続けざまに猛撃するs each. In the course of a fortnight some of the 捕らえる、獲得するs decayed and burst, the quick-silver mixing with the bilge water, the emanations from which coated all the metal about the ship. Nearly all of the 乗組員 were salivated. ーするために ascertain the 影響 of the vapor of 水銀柱，温度計, I have 雇うd it in a 一連の 実験s upon 工場／植物s and animals. 実験 No. 1 - While 行為／行うing my 実験s in the 研究室／実験室 I was frequently visited by a family of roaches, who appeared to take an 利益／興味 in my 操作／手術s. Suddenly they all disappeared, and it すぐに 示唆するd itself to my mind that their sudden 出発 argued 好意的に in the question of 利用するing them in my 実験s. I took four two-ounce 瓶／封じ込めるs and put in No. 1 pure 水銀柱，温度計; No. 2, amalgam 捨てるs six months old; No. 3, fillings from two to ten years old; No. 4, fillings sixteen years old. After placing a roach in each 瓶／封じ込める, I tied a piece of cloth over the mouth in order that the 空気／公表する might 循環させる. Evidently the bugs were not fond of 水銀柱，温度計, for they clung to the 最高の，を越すs of the 瓶／封じ込めるs as long as life lasted. Roach in No. 1, 含む／封じ込めるing pure 水銀柱，温度計, died in three days; roach in No. 2 was next to follow; roach in No. 3 lived a few days longer; and in No. 4 生き延びるd them all by several days. 実験 No. 2 - I 用意が出来ている three 瓶／封じ込めるs. The No. 1 含む／封じ込めるd ten 穀物s of pure 水銀柱，温度計; No. 2 含む／封じ込めるd an amalgam filling three months old; No. 3 was an empty 瓶／封じ込める. In each of the 瓶／封じ込めるs I put two roaches. In two days one in the 瓶／封じ込める 含む／封じ込めるing pure 水銀柱，温度計 died; the remaining one in the same 瓶／封じ込める lived nine days from the time it was put in. In the 瓶／封じ込める 含む／封じ込めるing the amalgam filling one roach died in four days, while the other one died in eleven days; while those in the empty 瓶／封じ込める lived fifteen and sixteen days. 実験 No. 3 - On February 9th I placed an amalgam filling at the base of a 極度の慎重さを要する 工場／植物. On examination, about the fourth day, I discovered that the extremities of the leaves had changed color and were 乾燥した，日照りの and brittle, like the leaves in 早期に Autumn; 徐々に the whole leaf was 影響する／感情d, and at the end of ten days the 工場／植物 was dead, notwithstanding the care and nourishment it received. 実験 No. 4 - In a four-quart glass jar I put about four ounces of 水銀柱，温度計, and made a 壇・綱領・公約 of wire gauze, fastening it two インチs from the 底（に届く） of the jar. I placed a Guinea pig in the jar, and covered the 最高の，を越す with gauze. Twice each day I 除去するd him for 演習 and nourishment. He 栄えるd 井戸／弁護士席 for ten days, but at the end of that time he 開始するd to droop, and 辞退するd food and water. He became emaciated and trembling; the 団体／死体 and 四肢s were 冷淡な. He ぐずぐず残るd along for two weeks and died. 実験 No. 5 - I 治めるd six 穀物s of mercurius vivus, first trituration, to a dog with his supper, and repeated the dose next morning with his breakfast. The 血 and 肝臓 were 診察するd under the microscope in the evening and 設立する to 含む／封じ込める globules of 水銀柱，温度計. ”... no part of the 団体／死体 is more 影響する／感情d by 水銀柱，温度計 than the nervous system; the 団体／死体 trembles; いつかs one 四肢, and again both 四肢s 契約. A sense of coldness and 時折の 冷気／寒がらせるs are experienced; often neuralgic 苦痛s are felt, 特に around the モーター 神経s; mental debility and loss of memory. These are some of the many symptoms 原因（となる）d by the inhalation of the vapor of 水銀柱，温度計.” It is the opinion of many 著名な scientists that 水銀柱，温度計 吸い込むd into the 肺s produces a greater 影響 than when taken into the stomach. の中で this number Prof. Stille in his 治療力のあるs, Vol. 2, page 789, says: "Of the several 方式s by which 水銀柱，温度計 is made to enter the 団体／死体, inhalation most speedily produces the 明確な／細部 影響（力） of the 薬／医学". Claude Bernard, late Professor in "Le College de フラン", makes the 声明 in one of his lectures. This is readily understood when we consider that the 麻薬 taken into the 肺s in the form of vapor is 分配するd over a large surface and brought in direct 接触する with oxygenated 血, and thus carried to all parts of the 団体／死体. 水銀柱，温度計 taken into the system in small 量s, long continued, manifests itself in a variety of ways. One of the first symptoms noticeable is an 増加するd flow of the secretions of the 団体／死体 - salivation 存在 the most striking - the （分泌する為の）腺s becoming inflamed and the mucous membrane tender. The gums tumefy and change in color to a dark rose 色合い; the tongue is swollen; the 患者 not only experiences an unpleasant metallic taste, but the breath becomes impregnated also. いつかs 広範囲にわたる ulcers attack the throat, gums and cheeks; oedema of the glottis, with difficulty in breathing and swallowing. The digestive apparatus is 伴う／関わるd, with loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, and frequently 苦痛 and tenderness of the stomach; the bowels loose, and often 血まみれの stools. The fatty 選挙権を持つ／選挙人s are 除去するd, and the 患者 becomes emaciated; no part of the 団体／死体 is more 影響する／感情d by 水銀柱，温度計 than the nervous system; the 団体／死体 trembles; いつかs one 四肢, and again both 四肢s 契約. A sense of coldness and 時折の 冷気／寒がらせるs are experienced; often neuralgic 苦痛s are felt, 特に around the モーター 神経s; mental debility and loss of memory. These are some of the many symptoms 原因（となる）d by the inhalation of the vapor of 水銀柱，温度計. Résumé There are in the market many varieties of amalgams. Evaporation does not depend upon 質 or age, but all amalgams will send off the vapor of 水銀柱，温度計. This has been 証明するd conclusively by its 破壊 of animal and vegetable life, and by 化学製品 実験（する）s. Evaporation is 容易にするd by an 増加する of surface, その結果 a greater 量 of vapor would arise from several small fillings than from one large filling. The 施設 with which 水銀柱，温度計 is taken into the 肺s by continued inhalations and the rapidity with which it enters the 血, 要求するs いっそう少なく 水銀柱，温度計 to produce sys- temic 影響s than when taken into the stomach. ーするために produce sys- temic 影響s from metallic 水銀柱，温度計, it must be rubbed up with an excipient, to 減ずる the 粒子s to a size 有能な of entering the capillary system, or it must be taken into the 肺s in the form of vapor. 公式文書，認める: The 十分な citation reads: Talbot E.S., "The chemistry and physiological 活動／戦闘 of 水銀柱，温度計 as used in amalgam fillings", The Ohio 明言する／公表する J. Dent. Sci., 2(1):1-12, 1882.